Badaoui Rouhban Badaoui Rouhban

Director Director

Section for Disaster ReductionSection for Disaster Reduction

Natural Sciences SectorNatural Sciences Sector

UNESCOUNESCO

Nombre de désastres naturels, évolution par continent: 1950-2008

0

50

100

150

200

250

Num

ber o

f dis

aste

rs

Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania

Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. ”

EURO-MEDITER

Désastres Naturels dans les Pays Méditerranée

1989-2008 (After CRED, Belgium)Nombre de désastres naturels

1989-2008

Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. ”

CountryNo.

eventsFrance 82Turkey 75Italy 53Algeria 49Spain 46Greece 45Morocco 21Mauritania 20Egypt 19Albania 16Croatia 15Bosnia-Herc. 12Cyprus 10Jordan 10Israel 9Syria 6Tunisia 5Lebanon 4Montenegro 1Palestine 1

Impact humaine des désastres naturels: 1989-2008 (After CRED, Belgium)

Year Disaster, Country

No. people killed

2003 Heat wave, Italy 200892003 Heat wave, France 19490

1999 Earthquake, Turkey 17127

2003 Heat wave, Spain 15090

2003 Earthquake, Algeria 2266

2006 Heat wave, France 13882001 Flood, Algeria 921

1999 Earthquake, Turkey 845

2003 Heat wave, Croatia 788

1995 Flood, Morocco 730

Nombre de morts

Year Disaster, Country

Total affected

1990 Drought, Spain 6000000

1999 Storm Lothar, France 3400011

1989 Drought, Albania 32000001998 Earthquake, Turkey 15896001999 Earthquake, Turkey 13589531998 Flood, Turkey 12400472001 Drought, Mauritania 10000002008 Drought, Syria 10000001993 Drought, Mauritania 446507

2005 Snowstorm, Albania 400000

Nombre d’affectés

Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. ”

Coastal zone is particularly at risk

• 1.2 billion people live within 100 km from the coast. • This is 23% of the world population. In 2030 this figure

may rise to 50%.• Half of worlds GDP is in the coastal urban areas. This

figure will increase to 75% in 2015.(World Bank)• More than half of GDP is located in high risk areas.

(World bank)• 10 million peoble experience flooding each year due to

storm surges and typhoons.• Tsunamies, floods, storm surges, typhoons continue

to happen in the coastal area and climate change is expected worsen the situation.

CATASTROPHES

SOUDAINES TECHNOLOGIQUESLENTES ENVIRONMENTALLES

NATURELLES PROVOQUEES HOMME

- Seismes

- Eruptions volcaniques

- Inondations - Glissements de terrain

- Tempetes, cyclones, ouragans

- Changements climatiques

- Deforestation (Amazonie) - Developpement

megapoles - Disparition lacs ( mer Aral)

- Chimiques (Bhopal, AZF)

- Nucleaires (Tchernobyl) - Maree noires (Exxon Valdez, Erika, Prestige)

- Changements climatiques, rechauffement

- Desertification, secheresse

INTERACTIONS, COMPLEXITE

HAZARD x VULNERABILITY = RISK

H x V = R

World Meteorological Organization

WORLD BANK

The United Nations system engaged in disaster reduction

United Nations International Strategy

For Disaster Reduction(ISDR)

Secretariat based in Geneva

Hyogo Framework for Action

• Governance;

• Risk identification, assessment, monitoring and early warning;

• Knowledge management and education;

• Reducing underlying risk factors;

• Preparedness for effective response and recovery.

UNESCO’s roleIdentification of Hazards and Risks

• Monitoring, Mapping, Risk Assessment

Promotion of Preventive and Mitigation Measures

• Promotion of early warning systems• Building capacities and training of scientists and engineers• Educating and raising awareness for disaster preparedness• Guidelines for the protection of educational buildings, cultural

sites• Environmental consideration

UNESCO programmes in UNESCO programmes in Disaster ReductionDisaster Reduction

• Natural hazards programme

• International Geoscience Programme (IGCP)

• lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP)

• Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme

• Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

• Protection of Cultural Heritage• UN Decade on Education for Sustainable

Development

Accomplishments

• Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology of Skopje – former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (IZIIS)

• Regional Centre for Seismology for South America – Peru (CERESIS)

• Pacific Tsunami Warning System• International Institute of Seismology and

Earthquake Engineering - Japan (IISEE)• International Seismological Centre - UK (ISC)• Centre de Génie Parasismique - Algeria• International Institute of Earthquake Engineering

and Seismology – Iran• UNESCO-IHE for Water Education- Netherlands

1983 -

Algeria

Egypt

Irak

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Syria

Tunisia

Sudan

Programme for Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk in the Arab Region

(PAMERAR)

PAMERAR results

Capacity building for earthquake risk reduction more than 3500 person-days of training provided for scientists, engineers

and technicians, more than 40 missions of technical assistance organized

Development of seismic networks300 seismometers and accelerometers installed in Morocco, Tunisia,

Iraq, Yemen, Jordan, Syria and Egypt

Earthquake provisions to building codes in Algeria, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia

Earthquakes

UNESCO/USGS Programme on Reducing Earthquake Losses in the Enlarged Mediterranean Region (RELEMR);

UNESCO/USGS Programme on Reducing Earthquake Losses in the South Asia Region (RELSAR);

REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION

(RELERM)

• Algeria• Cyprus• Egypt• Greece• Israel• Iran• Jordan• Lebanon• Lybia• Palestinian Authority

• Morocco• Oman• Saudi Arabia• Spain• Syria• Tunisia• Turkey• United States• Yemen

REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES IN THE SOUTH ASIA REGION

• Afghanistan• Bangladesh• Bhutan• China• India• Iran

• Nepal• Pakistan• The Philippines• Sri Lanka• United States

(RELSAR)

• A research and training platform based on A research and training platform based on seismology and earthquake engineeringseismology and earthquake engineering

• A system for post-earthquake field investigationA system for post-earthquake field investigation

INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM FOR REDUCING EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

• Chile• Egypt• Indonesia• Japan (CoE)• Kazakhstan

• Mexico• Peru• Romania• Turkey

+

(IPRED)

IPRED is supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan

1st IPRED meeting, Paris, 2008

Tsunami Warning and Mitigation

Systems

IOC of UNESCO

Landslides

• Promotion of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) and the International Programme on Landslides (IPL)

• Promotion of various studies on the cause and prevention of landslides

Leyte, Philippines, 2006

Barcelona, Spain, 2006

UNESCO addressing hydrological extremes

IFI: International Flood Initiative

International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management under the auspices of UNESCO

(UNESCO-ICHARM, Tsukuba, Japan)

IIASA

“RIMAX – Risk Management of Extreme Flood Events”

UNESCO Technical Document

Flood risk management

Cooperation between German IHP National Committee and UNESCO IHP

Revealing the current state of research and technology

Topics

Topic 1: Forecast and warning

Topic 2: Forecast – dykes

Topic 3: Management in disaster situations

Topic 4: Damage assessment and society

Flood activities of FRIEND

(Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network and Data Sets)

Flood forecasting hydrological processes linked with heavy rains

Enhanced understanding forecasting and management of flash floods in urban areas

Methodologies for reliable inundation mapping through flood risk maps and vulnerability maps.

Tools for warning and forecasting of ungauged basins

Techniques for extreme rain fall and flood runoff estimate

Stochastic modelling of heavy precipitation for runoff forecasting

Aim of the monograph: to give information on the causes, the evolution and the flood

damage.

UNESCO and IAHS joint compendium of extreme flood

events (20 extreme events)

Flood resilience

Floating buildings

Redesigning urban areas

UNESCO-IHE activitieson flood risk management

Flood warning

Developing flexible, appropriate software tools for real-

time flood prediction

Examining the effect of climate on flood prediction tools

Using SMS messaging to deliver flood warning by location

• The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB)

• The International Hydrological Programme (IHP)

Drought/desertification

Water Cycle and Drought Monitoring over Africa

The International Hydrological Programme (IHP) supports the Land Surface Hydrology Group of Princeton University in the development of an experimental, near real-time drought monitor in Africa.

Map showing population density within the sub-basin

“RISK ANALYSIS OF FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN THE ARENAL DE MONTSERRAT SUB-BASIN, EL SALVADOR”

Risk mapping, El Salvador, UNESCO RAP-CA project

Floods, landslides

Landslide, 13 January 2001

Floods, 2000, 2002

Protection of educational buildingsand cultural heritage

Landslides, Machu Pichu, Peru

International Programme on Landslides supported by UNESCO

Environmental Protection

To strengthen environmental protection for the prevention of natural disasters

Planting a tree, St Vincent in the Grenadines, 2003

UNESCO CSI project

UNESCO’s post-disaster studies

UNESCO post earthquake mission, Bam, Iran 2003

In the aftermath of disaster, to foster post-disaster investigation, recovery and

rehabilitation

•Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 – Building Resilient Communities

•United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2015

2005-2015

UN-ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)

Thematic Platform on Knowledge and Education

UNESCO is one of the active agencies

• Creation of a forum to exchange knowledge;

• Dissemination of good practices and examples;

• Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into school curriculaand school safety.

School Curricula Today

• Many focus on science

• Many focus on preparedness & drills

• Few integrate the two

• Fewer develop their own local curriculum

• Far fewer GO OUTSIDE and study the school’s hazards & the communities

What is education for disaster reduction?

A new vision of education

An education empowering people to commit themselves

An education at all levels of education systems, using all modalities, and in all social contexts

Maldives

• Global population : 298 000

• Student population : 102 000

• At least 1 school per island

• 334 schools per 200 islands

• 40 % of the population in schools.

Upcoming major events

• Second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction,15-19 June 2009 in Geneva, Switzerland

http://www.unesco.org/disaster