ProkaryotesQuick Review! Prokaryotes are single celled
organisms that do NOT have a membrane bound nucleus. Prokaryotes
are the most numerous organisms on Earth and live almost
everywhereevery square centimeter! Most prokaryotes are
BACTERIA
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Identifying Prokaryotes Prokaryotes are identified by 3
characteristics: 3 shapes: rod, spherical, spiral Shapes Thick
walls, thin walls Cell Walls No movement, flagella,
lash/snake/spiral forward, glide on secreted material Movement
Gram Stains and Cell Walls Bacteria can be classified into 2
categories based on the structure of their cell walls using GRAM
STAIN. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA take up the red of the gram stain
process, turning reddish pink under a microscope GRAM POSITIVE
BACTERIA take up the purple dye and look purple under a
microscope.
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BacteriaStructure and Function Cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm DNA, floating Capsuleouter covering made of
polysaccharides Pilishort, hair-like proteins on the surface of the
bacteria, helps bacteria attach to surfaces and cells
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Bacteria Review #1
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Importance of Bacteria! Bacteria are VITAL to the living world
Some are producers Some are decomposers Others have human uses
(cleaning up oil, medicines, human health )
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Bacteria and Health (note: many bacteria are good for us!)
PATHOLOGY is the scientific study of disease EXOTOXINS are toxic
substances that bacteria secrete into their environment (tetanus)
ENDOTOXINS are toxic substances that are part of the outer membrane
of bacteria and are not released until the cell dies (E.Coli)
ANTIBIOTICS are chemicals that inhibit the growth or kill bacteria
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE is the evolution of populations of bacteria
to resist (and not die) antibiotics.
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Antibiotic Resistance Activity What can you conclude about
genetic variation and bacterial survival?
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Bacteria l Disease s
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Lyme Disease
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Staph Infection
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Flesh Eating Diseas e
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Controlling Bacteria Sterilization with Heat Destroys bacteria
Exposes bacteria to great heat Disinfectants Chemical solutions
designed to kill bacteria Overuse of antibacterial compounds can
lead to bacteria evolving to resist them Food Storage and
Processing Store food in fridge (low temperatures need more time
for bacteria to grow) Boiling, frying, steaming will sterilize
bacteria
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Bacteria in Review: Crash Course!
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Bacteria Review #2
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POGIL
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Viruses! A VIRUS is a nonliving particle made up or nucleic
acid and a protein coat (a CAPSID) and cause disease. Viruses are
VERY small Viruses are NOT living because: They lack cytoplasm They
lack organelles No metabolism or homeostasis Can only reproduce
while in a host cell
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VIRAL REPLICATION Outside the host cell, a virus is a lifeless
particle with no control over its movements It is spread by air, in
water, in food, or body fluids A virus recognizes a host cell and
then attaches to it and the infection begins Once in a host cell
the viruses DNA can make mRNA or the viruses RNA serves as mRNA and
they begin to replicate more viruses
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Viral Infection Once a virus is inside a host cell 2 different
processes may occur Lytic Infection or Lysogenic Infection
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Lytic Infection Virus enters the cell, makes copies of itself,
causes the cell to burst. When the cell bursts all of the copies
are released and can infect other cells
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Lysogenic Infection Virus enters host cell, integrates its DNA
into the DNA of the host cell, and the viral DNA replicates along
with the host cell DNA. The Viral DNA can remain in the cell for
generations Eventually the viral DNA leaves and becomes a lytic
infenct
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How a Virus Works Video Clip
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Viral Diseases Since viruses are lifeless they must be spread
by other agentshumans, animals, insects, etc. Common Viral
Diseases: Chicken pox, shingles, viral hepatitis, HIV, SARS, Avian
Flu, West Nile, Influenza Virus Song!
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Chicken Pox and Shingles
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Virus Treatment Vaccinations and Vector Control A VACCINE is a
solution that contains a harmless version of the virus (inactive or
weakened).VACCINE VECTOR CONTROL is a the control of animal vectors
such as mosquito and rabies control Drugs/Medications do not work
well on viruses because it is hard to find something that can block
the virus but not harm the host cell.
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Comparing Bacteria and Viruses Comparing Bacteria and Viruses
#2 Watch the clips Create a t-chart to list characteristics of both
bacteria and viruses After the video clips, add to the t-chart
Write an 8 sentence or longer paragraph to compare and contrast
bacteria and viruses.