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Background to the IDA Model
Background to the IDA Model
Stan Franklinand the
‘Conscious’ Software Research Group
Machine Consciousness Workshop, Torino, Fall 2003
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
2
IDA: an Intelligent Distribution AgentIDA: an Intelligent Distribution Agent
Detailer
Telephone
Dialogue with sailors
Read personnel data
Check job requisition lists
Enforce Navy policies
Choose jobs to offer members
Negotiate with them about jobsInternet
IDA
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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IDA: a ‘conscious’ software agentIDA: a ‘conscious’ software agent
Autonomous Agent GW Theory
Computational ModelConceptual Model
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Global Workspace Theory
• A psychological theory of consciousness
• The nervous system is a distributed parallel system with many different specialized processors
• Global workspace contains a coalition of processors
• Broadcasts globally to all other processors
• Recruit other processors needed for any degree of novel or problematic situation
• Explains limited capacity and seriality
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Contexts at work
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Why a ‘Conscious’ Agent?Why a ‘Conscious’ Agent?
• Flesh out the theory with detailed architecture and mechanisms
• Hypotheses for cognitive scientists and neuroscientists
• Produce flexible, adaptive, human-like software
• Want smart agents? Model them after humans.
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Modules and MechanismsModules and Mechanisms
• Perception—Copycat Architecture—Hofstadter
• Action Selection—Behavior Net—Maes
• Episodic Memory—Sparse Distributed Memory—Kanerva
• Emotions—Pandemonium Theory—Jackson
• Metacognition—Fuzzy Classifier Systems—Holland
• Learning—Copycat Architecture, Reinforcement
• Constraint Satisfaction—Linear Functional
• Language Generation—Pandemonium Theory
• Deliberation—Pandemonium Theory
• ‘Consciousness’ —Pandemonium Theory
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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IDA’s ArchitectureIDA’s Architecture
‘Consciousness’Perception
Metacognition
WorkingMemory
EpisodicMemory
Behavior Net
Emotions
DatabasePerception
ConstraintSatisfaction
Deliberation NegotiationProblemSolving
Expectation&
Automization
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Processing in IDAProcessing in IDA
A continuing iteration of a cognitive cycle of activities involving:
• Perception• Working memory• Transient episodic memory• Long-term declarative memory• ‘Consciousness’• Action selection• Motor activity
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Cognitive Cycle ProcessingCognitive Cycle Processing
• Hypothesis— Like IDA’s, human cognitive processing is via a continuing sequence of Cognitive Cycles
• Duration— Each cognitive cycle takes roughly 200 ms with steps 1 through 5 occupying about 80 ms
• Overlapping— Several cycles may have parts running simultaneously in parallel
• Seriality— Consciousness maintains serial order and the illusion of continuity
• Start— Cycle may start with action selection instead of perception
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Levels of abstractionLevels of abstraction
• High level• behaviors• message type nodes• emotions• metacognitive actions• etc.
• Low level• codelets
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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CodeletsCodelets
• Small pieces of code each performing a simple, specialized task
• Many acts as demons, watching for a chance to act• Most subserve some high level entity, e.g.
• behavior• slipnet node• metacognitive action
• Some codelets work on their own, e.g.• watching for incoming mail• checking for time and place conflicts
• Codelets do almost all the work• IDA is a multi-agent system
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Perception via a Slipnet
preference acceptance information request
location
San Diego Miami Norfolk Jacksonville. . .
Norfolk norfolk nor NRFK
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Coalitions and Consciousness
• Coalition manager
• Spotlight manager
• Broadcast mechanism
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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A Behavior StreamA Behavior Stream
Find and movea template
Compose an acknowledgment
Find an emailaddress
Drive to Acknowledge
From the Sidelines
Activation from drive
Activation from the environment, external or internal
Send an acknowledgement
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Behavior Net in ActionBehavior Net in Action
Behavior net templates
Behavior net
Side lines
Playing field
StandsWorkingMemory
Broadcast
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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‘Consciousness’ in Action‘Consciousness’ in Action
Associative Memory
Working memory
Focus
PlayingField
Stands
OutgoingMessage
JobList
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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DeliberationDeliberation
• Faced with a goal or problem • Imagine possible plans or solutions
• Scenarios• Routes • Internal virtual reality—Dawkins
• Evaluate them• Using reason• Using emotions
• Choose among them
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Deliberation in ActionDeliberation in Action
Associative Memory
Working memory
Focus
PlayingField
Stands
JobList
DetachDate
DetachDate
DetachDate
LeaveTime
LeaveTime
Leave Time
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Ideomotor TheoryIdeomotor TheoryWilliam James (circa 1890) ----- Bernard Baars (1988)
Voluntary vs non-voluntary action
Theory of voluntary action• Proposers—propose a course of action• Objectors—raise objections to such a course of action• Supporters—lend support to such a course of action• Auctioneer—wields the gavel
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Ideomotor Theory in ActionIdeomotor Theory in Action
Idea pops to mind (proposer)—no objection (objector)—do itObjection (objector)—don’t do itObjection then support (supporter)—do it
Different proposal—no objection—do itDifferent proposal—original proposal— no objection—do it
Last unopposed proposal is acted upon
September 29, 2003 Stan Franklin—Machine Consciousness—Torino
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Web and Email AddressesWeb and Email Addresses
• Stan Franklin • [email protected]• www.cs.memphis.edu/~franklin
• ‘Conscious’ Software Research Group• www.cs.memphis.edu/~csrg