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8/11/2019 Bab 7 sains spm ting. 5
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CHAPTER 7
SYNTHETIC MATERIALS IN
INDUSTRY
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7.1: Synthetic Polymers
Synthetic polymers: artificial polymers
Elastomers
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
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Uses of Synthetic polymers
Synthetic rubber:
-Balloon
-Gloves
-Tyres-Engine belts
Synthetic fibre:
(Nylon, Polyester)
-Fabric
Plastic:
(PVC,
Polystyrene - foam,Epoxy resin)
-Toy
-Plastic cups-Furniture
-Food packaging
-High-strength glue
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Synthetic Rubber
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Synthetic fibre
Polyester
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Plastics
Toys
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Process of Making Synthetic Polymers
Polymerisation: monomers bound together to
form polymers
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Polymerisation Reaction
Addition
polymerisation
Condensation
polymerisation
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Addition
polymerisation
Not produce by-products
Monomer + monomer + . Polymer
Example: PVCs
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Condensation
polymerisation
Produce by-products
Monomer + monomer + . Polymer + Small molecule
Example: Nylon, polystyrene
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Synthetic Rubber
Characteristics:
1.Elastic2.Resistant to heat,
Water, oil
Uses:
1.Balloon
2.Glove
3.Raincoat
4.Engine parts
5.Teat milk bottle
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7.2: Plastics
Plastics Characteristics uses
PVC:
polyvinylchloride
Tough, flexible,
cheap, easyprint on it
Identification
card
Polystyrene Foam/ rigid,
clean,lightweight,
water resistant
Food container,
toys
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Plastics Characteristics uses
Polythene Low density
High density
Plastic
container,
plastic bag
Polyamide
(nylon)
Water resistant Bristle of
toothbrush,
clothing, ropes,
carpets
NylonPolythene
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Plastics Characteristics uses
Polyethyleneterephthalate
(PET)
Recyclable Bottles
Polyurethane Strong,lightweight Wheel ofskateboard
PET
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Thermoplastics & Thermosetting Plastics
Thermoplastics Thermosetting plastics
Soft when heated Blister when heated
Can remoulded Cannot remoulded
recyclable Non-recyclable
unbreakable Brittle
Ex: Mineral bottle, plastic
bag
Ex: Melamine plate, mugs,
covering of electric
appliances, adhesive
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Thermoplastics
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Thermosetting plastics
Melamine plate
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Disposal of Plastics Materials
Dispose into river: clog sewer system
Dispose into sea: Contaminated sea
Hazard marine life
Plastic take long time to disintegrate
Burning: toxic gas
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Proper manage
Reduce Recycle
Reuse Proper wastedisposal
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7.3: Responsible Attitudes in the Disposal of
synthetic Polymers
Using degradable synthetic polymer
Cannot decompose in landfills
Non-biodegrable (cannot decompose by microorganism)
Incineration with energy recovery
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What you can do to help
Donate to charities: toys
Reduce the need to throw away: plastic bag
Choose product with minimal packaging
Sort garbage: plastic, paper, glass, aluminium