Bab 5_enterprise Sistem

APPLICATION AREASInterorganizational Systemse-Business applicationsB2C link businesses with their end consumersB2B link businesses with other business customers or suppliersElectronic data interchange (EDI) systems

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APPLICATION AREASPage 182 Figure 6.1 Types of Application SystemsIntraorganizational SystemsEnterprise systems support all or most of the organizationManagerial support systems support a specific manager or group of managers

CRITICAL CONCEPTSBatch Processing versus Online ProcessingBatch Processing group (or batch) of transactions are accumulated, then processed all at one time Figure 6.2 Batch Processing (simplified)Page 183

CRITICAL CONCEPTSBatch Processing versus Online Processing Figure 6.3 Online ProcessingOnline Processing each transaction is entered directly into computer when it occursPage 183

CRITICAL CONCEPTSPage 183 Figure 6.1 Types of Application SystemsInteractive system a fully functional online system where computer quickly provides a user response In-line system provides for online data entry, but processing of transactions deferred for batch processingBatch Processing versus Online Processing

CRITICAL CONCEPTSPage 184Functional information systems information systems framework based on organizations primary business functionsFunctional Information Systems

CRITICAL CONCEPTSPage 184Vertically integrated information system serves more than one vertical level in an organization or industryVertical Integration of Systems

CRITICAL CONCEPTSPage 185Distributed systems mode of delivery where processing power is distributed to multiple sites, which are then tied together via telecommunication linesClient-server system a type of distributed system where processing power is distributed between a central server computer and a number of client computers (usually PCs)Distributed Systems and Client/Server Systems

CRITICAL CONCEPTSHandles user interface Accesses distributed services through a networkPage 185Client/Server SystemsClientRuns on bigger machineHandles data storage for applications DatabasesWeb pagesGroupware ServerMiddlewareSoftware to support clients and server interactionMicrosoft Windows 2003 ServerNovell NetWareUNIX, Linux

CRITICAL CONCEPTSTwo-tier configurationPage 186Client/Server SystemsThree-tier configuration ClientServerClientApplication ServerDatabase Server

CRITICAL CONCEPTSPage 186Fat client/thin server most processing done on clientThin client/fat server most processing done on serverNote:Web and groupware servers usually thin clientsDatabase servers usually thin serversClient/Server Systems

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSPage 186-187Process thousands of transactions each day in most organizationsExamples: sales, payments made and received, inventory shipped and received, paying employeesTypical outputs: invoices, checks, orders, reportsCritical to business operations

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSPage 187Payroll System Figure 6.4 Components of a Payroll System

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSPage 188Order Entry System Figure 6.5 Online Order Entry System

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMSPage 188-189Also include transaction processing systemsSet of integrated business applications (modules) that carry out common business functions:General ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, material requirements planning, order management, inventory control, human resources managementUsually purchased from software vendor

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMSPage 189How they differ:ERP modules are integratedERP modules reflect a particular way of doing business

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMSPage 190Choosing right software and implementation difficult and expensiveRequires large investment of money and people resourcesLeading ERP software vendors:SAPPeopleSoft, Inc. (bought J.D. Edwards) OracleBaan

DATA WAREHOUSINGPage 192Is the establishment and maintenance of a large data storage facility containing data on all (or at least many) aspects of the enterpriseProvides users data access and analysis capabilities without endangering operational systems

DATA WAREHOUSINGPage 192-193Establishing a data warehouse:Is time-consuming and expensiveRequires software tools to:Construct warehouseOperate warehouseAccess and analyze data from the warehouse

DATA WAREHOUSINGPage 193Figure 6.8 Key Elements of Data Warehousing

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENTPage 194CRM system provides integrated approach to all aspects of company-customer interactionMarketing SalesSupport

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENTPage 195-196CRM market segments:Traditional out-of-the-box CRMTraditional CRM with templates for specific vertical industriesTraditional out-of-the-box CRM with application development hooksIndustry-specific vertical CRM packagesCustom solutions from vertical systems integrators

OFFICE AUTOMATIONPage 196Electronic mailWork processing Voice mailCopyingDesktop publishingElectronic calendaring Document imagingDocument preparation, storage, and sharing

Office automation a set of office-related applications that may or may not be integrated into a single system

OFFICE AUTOMATIONPage 197Variants of e-mail:Electronic bulletin boardsListservsComputer conferencingChat roomsInstant messaging (IM)

Electronic Mail

Figure 6.9 Office of the Future NetworkFuture Developments

GROUPWAREPage 201Groupware industry term that refers to software designed to support groups by facilitating: collaboration communication coordination

GROUPWAREElectronic mailElectronic bulletin boardsComputer conferencing Electronic calendaringGroup schedulingSharing documentsElectronic whiteboards

Meeting support systemsLearning management systemsWorkflow routingElectronic formsDesktop videoconferencingInstant messagingPage 201Typical Features:

GROUPWARELotus NotesNovell GroupWiseMicrosoft ExchangeOracle Collaboration SuiteThruport Technologies HotOfficeGroove Networks Groove Workspace

Page 201Software vendors:

INTRANETSPage 206Advantages:Implementation is relatively easyE-mail and document sharing available to all in the organizationWeb browser acts as universal client that works with heterogeneous platformsLittle, if any, user training requiredLow cost Intranet a network operating within an organization that employs the TCP/IP protocol used on the Internet

INTRANETSPage 206-207Extranet an Internet-based application that permits key trading partners to access another organizations intranetPortal software that provides intranets with a structure and easier access to internal information via a Web browser

FACTORY AUTOMATIONPage 207-208Factory automation involves numerically controlled machines, which use a computer program or a tape with punched holes, to control movement of tools on machines Material requirements planning (MRP) uses data input to produce a production schedule for the factory and a schedule of needed raw materialsComputer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) includes MRP functions, but also has the compute carry out the schedules through control of various machines involved

FACTORY AUTOMATIONPage 208 Table 6.1 Abbreviations Used in Factory Automation

FACTORY AUTOMATIONComputer-aided design (CAD) use of two and three-dimensional computer graphics to create and modify engineering designsComputer-aided engineering (CAE) system that analyzes functional characteristics of a design and simulates the product performance under various conditionsGroup technology (GT) systems that logically group parts according to physical characteristics, machine routings, and other machine operationsComputer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems that plan the sequence of processes that produce or assemble a partPage 208Engineering Systems

FACTORY AUTOMATIONManufacturing resources planning (MRP II)A system that usually has three components:Master production scheduleMaterial requirements planningShop floor controlAttempts to implement just-in-time (JIT) productionDoes not directly control machines on the shop floorAn information system that tries to minimize inventory and employ machines efficiently and effectivelyPage 208Manufacturing Administration

FACTORY AUTOMATIONSupply chain management (SCM) Systems to deal with distribution and transportation of raw materials and finished products throughout the supply chainAre often interorganizationalPage 209Manufacturing Administration

FACTORY AUTOMATIONComputer-aided manufacturing (CAM) use of computers to control manufacturing processes Series of programs to control automated equipment on shop floorIncludes guiding vehicles to move raw materials and finished productsRequires a lot of input from other systems

Page 209Factory Operations

FACTORY AUTOMATION

Page 209-210RoboticsRobotics a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) where scientists and engineers build machines to accomplish coordinated physical tasks like humans do

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Bab 5_enterprise Sistem