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BA 4/21 What was the most extreme group of
Marxist Revolutionaries that would take over Russia?
Who was the leader of this group?
What event occurred after generals fired into a crowd of workers that had taken a petition to the czar’s winter palace?
Rise of Joseph Stalin 1922-Lenin has a stroke
Stalin becomes leader of Soviet Union Stalin: Russian for “man of steel”
Wants Soviet Union to become powerful world nation
Wants absolute power Video
Rise of Joseph Stalin continued
Starts totalitarianism
Totalitarianism: government that takes total control over every aspect of public and private life Becomes popular idea throughout Europe
JosephStalin
Features of Totalitarianism1. Terror and violence to force obedience
Police spy on citizens and use brutal force
2. Control of education to glorify leader and convince citizens of unconditional loyalty
3. Propaganda and censorship of mass media All books, newspapers, movies, art, and music
must be approved by government Citizens surrounded by false information
4. Religious or ethnic persecution to create groups of people to blame for country’s problems
Great Purge (1934-1938) Stalin planned to create a prefect Communist
state
Created a campaign of terror to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power
Used secret police to tap phone lines, read mail, and hide informants
8-13 million Russians executed Video
Stalin’s Totalitarian StateGovernment controlled all forms of
communication Newspaper, movies, radio, books, and art
Only allowed to promote communism, Stalin and his programs
Government controlled education from nursery school to college Learned virtues of communism
Eliminated religion Believed religion would reduce one’s loyalty to
Russia Portrayed religion as superstitious
Stalin’s Totalitarian State continuedCreated a command economy
Command economy: government decides what to produce, where to make it, and what price to charge
Believes USSR is 50-100 years behind industrialized countries Wants to make up distance in 10 years
Creates 5 Year Plan
Features of Totalitarianism1. Terror and violence to force obedience– Police spy on citizens and use brutal force
2. Control of education to glorify leader and convince citizens of unconditional loyalty
3. Propaganda and censorship of mass media– All books, newspapers, movies, art, and music must
be approved by government– Citizens surrounded by false information
4. Religious or ethnic persecution to create groups of people to blame for country’s problems
5 Year Plan Set impossibly high quotas for steel, coal, oil, and
electricity
Plan leads to limited production of consumer goods
Causes severe shortages in housing, food, and clothing
Video
4 Benefits under Stalin1. Increase in education and skilled laborers
2. Universal healthcare
3. Increases Russian industry and economy
4. Women gain equal rights 1950’s: 75% of doctors were women
Creation of FascismAfter WWI, world enters Great Depression
Causes global economic poverty
People losing faith in democracy
Turn to Fascism
Fascism: military political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and its leader
5 Features of Fascism• Promise to revive economy
• Punish people responsible for hard times
• Restore order and national pride
• Loyalty to the state
• Obedience to authoritarian leader
Video
Problems in Italy Italy disappointed with small land gained from
Treaty of Versailles
High unemployment and rising inflation
Italian government unable to fix problems Democratic with limited monarchy
Opens the doorway for Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini Newspaper editor and politician
Favorite book was The Republic by Plato Creates Fascist Party in 1919
AKA: Black ShirtsClashed with communists, socialists, and
anarchists at parades & demonstrations
Makes 2 promises:1. Fix economy2. Rebuild military
Video
Gains support of middle class, aristocracy, and industrial leaders
Benito Mussolini continuedMussolini’s followers attack Communists
and Socialists in streets
30,000 Fascists march on Rome
Demand Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III, place Mussolini in charge of government
Mussolini legally appointed prime minister Victor Emmanuel III let Mussolini lead in fear of a civil
war
Mussolini in Power Abolishes democracy
Outlaws all political parties except Fascists
Creates secret police
Censors media to only broadcast Fascist beliefs
Video
EA 4/211. What is fascism?
2. Who was the politician that created the Fascist Party in 1919 and was legally named Prime Minister by the Italian King?
Assignment- Propaganda– The Fascist and totalitarian leaders after WWI used
propaganda to sway their people to follow their cause. For example, Lenin created the slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread” in an effort to gain control of Russia. Your goal is to create your own cause and come up with your own propaganda poster. • Propaganda= information or material spread to
advance a cause or to damage an opponent’s cause• This poster must contain:
– Slogan– Colored picture to depict your cause
• Example slogans from Lenin– “Peace, Land, Bread”– “Worker Control of Production”– “All power to the Soviets”
Examples of Propaganda Posters video video