B30.11 (2010)

A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

ASME B30.11-2010(Revision of ASME B30.11-2004)

Monorails and UnderhungCranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME

Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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ASME B30.11-2010(Revision of ASME B30.11-2004)

Monorails andUnderhungCranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks,Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, andSlings

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D



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Date of Issuance: April 16, 2010

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.

ASME issues written replies to inquirires concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp://cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

ASME does not approve, rate, or endorse any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any

items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.

Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.

ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,

without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.



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CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vCommittee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viB30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiiSummary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Chapter 11-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Section 11-0.1 Scope of B30.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Section 11-0.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Section 11-0.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 11-1 Construction and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section 11-1.1 Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section 11-1.2 Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section 11-1.3 General Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section 11-1.4 Track Switches, Track Openers, and Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Section 11-1.5 Vertical Drop or Lift Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Section 11-1.6 Cabs, Normal or Skeleton (If Provided) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Section 11-1.7 Guards and Lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Section 11-1.8 Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Section 11-1.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Section 11-1.10 Hoisting Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Section 11-1.11 Warning Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Section 11-1.12 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Section 11-1.13 Carriers (Trolleys) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Chapter 11-2 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Section 11-2.1 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Section 11-2.2 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Chapter 11-3 Operator Training and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Section 11-3.1 Operator Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Section 11-3.2 Training for Persons Other Than Crane and Monorail System

Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Section 11-3.3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Section 11-3.4 Planned Engineered Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Section 11-3.5 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Section 11-3.6 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Section 11-3.7 Equipment Lockout/Tagout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Chapter 11-4 Maintenance Training and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Section 11-4.1 Maintenance Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Section 11-4.2 Equipment Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figures11-0.2-1 Cab-Operated Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211-0.2-2 Examples of Styles of Electrification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311-0.2-3 Cab-Operated Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411-0.2-4 Floor-Operated Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511-0.2-5 Semigantry Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611-0.2-6 Drop Section (Lift Section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711-0.2-7 Interlocking System for Underhung Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711-0.2-8 Wall-Supported Jib Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811-0.2-9 Example of One Type of Enclosed Track and Support Bracket . . . . . . . . . 9

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11-1.9.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Three-Motor Crane) . . . . . . 1611-1.9.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Four-Motor Crane) . . . . . . . 1711-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-Button

Station Arrangement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane Control

Transmitter Lever Arrangement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811-1.13-1 Recommended Trolley Wheel Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911-1.13-2 Recommended Trolley Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Cab-Operated Monorail

Systems and Underhung Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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FOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920

to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute). Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a

Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out Octo-ber 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, wascreated from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry

in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as to

construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operating

under procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government

and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative

or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.In the 2010 edition of this Volume, Chapters 2 and 3 were revised and Maintenance was moved

to new Chapter 4.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-

tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, newdata, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, was

approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on March 1, 2010.

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ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks,

Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

P. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

N. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QINETIQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty Mutual

InsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti & Associates, Inc.R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics GroupK. M. Jankowski, Alternate, Walker Magnetics GroupL. D. DeMark, International Union of Operating EngineersA. J. Lusi, Alternate, International Union of Operating EngineersD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and AssociatesH. G. Leidich, Alternate, Leidich Consulting ServicesR. J. Edwards, Alliance Concrete PumpsD. R. Remus, Alternate, Reed ManufacturingE. D. Fidler, The Manitowoc Co.N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp./Power Crane & Shovel AssociationC. E. Imerman, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment Co.J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of AmericaW. C. Dickinson, Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LLCC. W. Ireland, National Oilwell VarcoA. J. Egging, Alternate, National Oilwell VarcoD. C. Jackson, Tulsa Winch GroupP. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co., LLCR. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering ServicesD. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.C. E. Lucas, The Crosby GroupF. P. Massaro, Alternate, Bishop Lifting Products, Inc.

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E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.R. J. Burkey, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire Rope

Technical BoardD. M. Sleightholm, Alternate, Bridon America Corp.K. J. Miller, Jacobs EngineeringP. E. Whitford, Alternate, Haag EngineeringG. L. Owens, ConsultantR. M. Parnell, Wire Rope Rigging Consultants/Industrial Training

International, Inc.P. D. Sweeney, Alternate, General Dynamics, Electric BoatJ. T. Perkins, Engineering ConsultantW. E. Osborn, Alternate, Ingersoll-RandJ. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the NavyM. M. Jaxheimer, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterD. W. Ritchie, David Ritchie Consultant, LLCJ. D. Wiethorn, Alternate, Haag Engineering Co.J. W. Rowland III, ConsultantJ. C. Ryan, Boh Brothers Construction Co.A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson ConstructionD. Sayenga, The Cardon Management GroupJ. A. Gilbert, Alternate, Associated Wire Rope FabricatorsD. W. Smith, CB&I Corporate HSES. K. Rammelsburg, Alternate, Chicago Bridge and IronW. J. Smith, Jr., NBIS Claims and Risk Management, Inc.R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLCA. R. Toth, Morris Material HandlingB. E. Weir, Jr., National Erectors Association/Norris Brothers Co.,

Inc.J. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps of EngineersE. B. Stewart, Alternate, U.S. Army Corps of EngineersD. N. Wolff, National Crane/Manitowoc Crane GroupA. L. Calta, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane GroupP. S. Zorich, RZP International Ltd.H. W. Fair, Alternate, H. Fair Associates, Inc.



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HONORARY MEMBERS

J. W. Downs, ConsultantJ. L. Franks, ConsultantJ. M. Klibert, Lift-All Co., Inc.R. W. Parry, Consultant

B30.11 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

R. J. Bolen, Chair, ConsultantC. E. Brewer, Rigging EngineerB. M. Casey, Electric BoatH. Chaney, Coffing HoistsC. E. Cotton, Navy Crane CenterJ. A. Danielson, Boeing Co.G. B. Hetherston, E. I. DuPont

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H. G. Leidich, Leidich Consulting Services, Inc.T. C. Mackey, WRPS Hanford, a URS Co.J. Mellot-Green, CSA LiaisonD. L. Morgan, Hanford Hoisting & Rigging CommitteeS. N. Parkhurst, Material Handling Equipment, Inc.J. Sturm, Cranes Aerial Truck ServiceA. R. Toth, Morris Material Handling



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(10)

SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS,HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS

B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION

SECTION I: SCOPE

The ASME B30 Standard contains provisions thatapply to the construction, installation, operation, inspec-tion, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and otherlifting andmaterial-handling related equipment. For theconvenience of the reader, the Standard has been dividedinto separate volumes. Each volume has been writtenunder the direction of the ASME B30 StandardsCommittee and has successfully completed a consensusapproval process under the general auspices of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI).As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30

Standard comprises the following volumes:

B30.1 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, andHydraulic Gantries

B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top RunningBridge, Single or Multiple Girder, TopRunning Trolley Hoist)

B30.3 Tower CranesB30.4 Portal and Pedestal CranesB30.5 Mobile and Locomotive CranesB30.6 DerricksB30.7 Base-Mounted Drum HoistsB30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating DerricksB30.9 SlingsB30.10 HooksB30.11 Monorails and Underhung CranesB30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From RotorcraftB30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and

Associated EquipmentB30.14 Side Boom TractorsB30.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes

(withdrawn 1982 requirements found inlatest revision of B30.5)

B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung)B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running

Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist)B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running

Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or UnderRunning Trolley Hoist)

B30.19 CablewaysB30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesB30.21 Manually Lever-Operated HoistsB30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes

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B30.23 Personnel Lifting SystemsB30.24 Container CranesB30.25 Scrap and Material HandlersB30.26 Rigging HardwareB30.27 Material Placement SystemsB30.28 Balance Lifting Units1

B30.29 Self-Erect Tower Cranes1

SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS

The B30 Standard does not apply to track and automo-tive jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, ship-board cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment,well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truckbody hoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavatingequipment, or equipment covered under the scope ofthe following standards: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20,B56, and B77.

SECTION III: PURPOSE

The B30 Standard is intended to(a) prevent or minimize injury to workers, and other-

wise provide for the protection of life, limb, and propertyby prescribing safety requirements

(b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners,employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon-sible for, its application

(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodiesin the development, promulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety directives

SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

These Volumes may be adopted in whole or in partfor governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for gov-ernmental use, the references to other national codesand standards in the specific volumes may be changedto refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern-mental authorities.

1 These volumes are currently in the development process.



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SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE

(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this Volumeof the B30 Standard shall be 1 yr after its date of issuance.Construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of equipment manufactured andfacilities constructed after the effective date of thisVolume shall conform to the mandatory requirementsof this Volume.

(b) Existing Installations. Equipment manufacturedand facilities constructed prior to the effective date ofthis Volume of the B30 Standard shall be subject to theinspection, testing, maintenance, and operation require-ments of this Standard after the effective date.It is not the intent of this Volume of the B30 Standard

to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However,when an item is beingmodified, its performance require-ments shall be reviewed relative to the requirementswithin the current volume. The need to meet the currentrequirements shall be evaluated by a qualified personselected by the owner (user). Recommended changesshall be made by the owner (user) within 1 yr.

SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS

Requirements of this Standard are characterized byuse of the word shall. Recommendations of this Standardare characterized by the word should.

SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS

This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well asU.S. Customary units. The values stated in U.S.Customary units are to be regarded as the standard.The SI units are a direct (soft) conversion from the U.SCustomary units.

SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION

The B30 Standards Committee will consider requestsfor revision of any of the volumes within the B30Standard. Such requests should be directed to

Secretary, B30 Standards CommitteeASME Codes and StandardsThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990

Requests should be in the following format

Volume: Cite the designation and title of thevolume.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)

and the relevant heading(s).Request: Indicate the suggested revision.

ix

Rationale: State the rationale for the suggestedrevision.

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will beforwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for consid-eration and action. Correspondence will be provided tothe requester defining the actions undertaken by theB30 Standards Committee.

SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION

The B30 Standards Committeewill render an interpre-tation of the provisions of the B30 Standard. Suchrequests should be directed to

Secretary, B30 Standards CommitteeASME Codes and StandardsThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990

Requests should be in the following format:

Volume: Cite the designation and title of thevolume.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)

and the relevant heading(s).Question: Phrase the question as a request for an

interpretation of a specific provision suit-able for general understanding and use,not as a request for approval of a proprie-tary design or situation. Plans or draw-ings that explain the question may besubmitted to clarify the question. How-ever, they should not contain any proprie-tary names or information.

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will beforwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for a draftresponse, which will then be subject to approval by theB30 Standards Committee prior to its formal issuance.Interpretations to the B30 Standard will be published

in the subsequent edition of the respective volume, andwill be available online at http://cstools.asme.org.

SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

The equipment covered by the B30 Standard is subjectto hazards that cannot be abated by mechanical means,but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and com-mon sense. It is therefore essential to have personnelinvolved in the use and operation of equipment whoare competent, careful, physically and mentally quali-fied, and trained in the proper operation of the equip-ment and the handling of loads. Serious hazards include,but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte-nance, overloading, dropping or slipping of the load,



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obstructing the free passage of the load, and using equip-ment for a purpose for which it was not intended ordesigned.The B30 Standards Committee fully realizes the

importance of proper design factors, minimum or maxi-mum dimensions, and other limiting criteria of wirerope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets,drums, and similar equipment covered by the standard,all of which are closely connected with safety. Sizes,strengths, and similar criteria are dependent on manydifferent factors, often varying with the installation anduses. These factors depend on

(a) the condition of the equipment or material(b) the loads

x

(c) the acceleration or speed of the ropes, chains,sheaves, sprockets, or drums

(d) the type of attachments(e) the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves or

other parts(f) environmental conditions causing corrosion or

wear(g) many variables that must be considered in each

individual caseThe requirements and recommendations provided in

the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judg-ment used in determining their application.



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ASME B30.11-2010SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by the ASME B30 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASMEB30.11-2010 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on March 1, 2010.

ASME B30.11-2010 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections introduced in ASMEB30.11-2004, as well as the following changes identified by a margin note, (10).

Page Location Change

viiix B30 Standard Introduction Revised in its entirety

1 Section 11-0.1 Revised in its entirety

1,6,8 Section 11-0.2 Definitions of crane, underhung; monorailsystem; and support system added

9,10 Section 11-0.3 References updated

11 11-1.1.1 Revised

11-1.1.2 Revised

11-1.1.3 Added

11-1.1.4 Added

11-1.1.6 Added

11-1.3.1 Revised

12 11-1.3.2 Revised

11-1.3.3 Revised

11-1.3.4 Revised

15 Section 11-1.12 Added

Section 11-1.13 Added

19 Fig. 11-1.13-1 Added

20 Fig. 11-1.13-2 Added

2123 Chapter 11-2 Revised in its entirety

2429 Chapter 11-3 Revised in its entirety

3032 Chapter 11-4 Added

SPECIAL NOTE:

The interpretations to ASME B30.11 are included in this edition as a separate section for theusers convenience.

xi



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xii



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ASME B30.11-2010

MONORAILS AND UNDERHUNG CRANES

Chapter 11-0Scope, Definitions, and References

SECTION 11-0.1 SCOPE OF B30.11

Volume B30.11 includes provisions that apply to theconstruction, installation, operation, inspection, testing,and maintenance of underhung crane and monorail sys-tems, track sections, and load-carrying members, suchas end trucks or carriers (commonly called trolleys) thattravel either on the external or internal lower flange of atrack section. The track sections include single monorailtrack, crane bridge girders and jib booms, all curves,switches, transfer devices, and lift and drop sections.Provisions apply to both power-driven and hand-operated equipment in which the carriers are indepen-dently controlled. Items within this scope may bereferred to as equipment.Provisions for similar equipment used for a special

purpose, such as, but not limited to, nonvertical liftingservice, lifting a guided load, conveyor systems, includ-ing power and free conveyors, and lifting or transportingpersonnel are not included in this Volume.

SECTION 11-0.2 DEFINITIONS

abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditionsthat are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or forthe operation of the crane or carrier, such as excessivelyhigh or low ambient temperatures, exposure to weather,corrosive fumes, dust- or moisture-laden atmospheres,and hazardous locations.

administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or the employer in the absence of governmentaljurisdiction.

appointed: appointed by a duly constituted administra-tive or regulatory authority.

brake: a device, other than a motor, used for retardingor stopping motion by friction or power means.

bridge (crane) girder: crane member on which carrierstravel, horizontally mounted between and supported bythe end trucks.

bridge (crane) travel: cranemovement in a direction paral-lel to the crane runway.

1

cab: an operators compartment attached to a crane orcarrier.

cab, normal: operators compartment used for controllinga cab-operated crane or carrier.

cab, skeleton: operators compartment used for occasionalcab operation of, normally, a floor- or remote-operatedcrane or carrier.

carrier: (also known as trolley) a unit that travels on thebottom flange of a monorail track, jib boom, or bridgegirder to transport a load.

carrier, automatic dispatch: a carrier that, when activated,operates through a preset cycle or cycles.

carrier, cab-operated: a carrier controlled by an operatorin a cab attached to the carrier (see Fig. 11-0.2-1).

carrier, floor-operated: a carrier that is controlled by ameans suspended from the carrier or crane, or controlledfrom a wall-mounted station and operated by an opera-tor on the floor or on an independent platform.

carrier, hot molten material: an overhead carrier used fortransporting or pouring molten material.

carrier, manually operated: a carrier whose travel mecha-nism is driven by pulling an endless chain or by manu-ally moving the load.

carrier, power-operated: a carrier whose mechanism isdriven by electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic means.

carrier, pulpit-operated: a carrier operated from a fixedoperator station not attached to the carrier.

carrier, remote-operated: a carrier that is controlled by anymethod other than a means suspended from the carrierand operated by an operator not in a pulpit nor in thecab attached to the carrier.

chain, hand: the chain grasped by a person to apply forcerequired for lifting, lowering, or traveling motion.

NOTE: Hand chain properties do not conform to those shownin ASME B30.9.

chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.

NOTE: Load chain properties do not conform to those shown inASME B30.9.



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-1 Cab-Operated Carrier

Hoist

Cab

Track

clamp: a type of suspension fitting used to support tracksfrom an overhead structure which is fastened to thestructure by mechanical means rather than by weldingor direct bolting.

conductors (electrification): the system by which the mov-ing equipment receives its electrical power (seeFig. 11-0.2-2).

conductors, guarded: bar orwire used to transmit electricalpower, guarded to minimize inadvertent contact withthe conductor.

conductors, open: bar or wire, not guarded, used to trans-mit electrical power.

controller: a device or group of devices that govern, ina predetermined manner, the power delivered to theapparatus to which it is connected.

crane: a machine for lifting and lowering a load andmoving it horizontally. Cranes, whether fixed or mobile,are driven manually, by power, or by a combinationof both.

crane, automatic: a crane that, when activated, operatesthrough a preset cycle or cycles.

crane, cab-operated: a crane controlled by an operator ina cab attached to the bridge or carrier (see Fig. 11-0.2-3).

crane, cantilever gantry: a gantry or semigantry crane inwhich the bridge girders or trusses extend transverselybeyond the crane runway on one or both sides.

crane, double-girder: a crane having two bridge girdersmounted between, and supported from, the end trucks.

crane, floor-operated: a crane that is controlled by a meanssuspended from the crane or carrier, or controlled froma wall-mounted station and operated by an operator on

2

the floor or on an independent platform (seeFig. 11-0.2-4).

crane, gantry: a crane similar to an overhead crane, exceptthat the bridge for carrying the carrier(s) is rigidly sup-ported on two or more legs running on a fixed rail orother runway.

crane, hot molten material: a crane used for transportingor pouring molten material.

crane, interlocking: a crane with an interlock mechanismon one or both ends, enabling it to be mechanicallylocked to another crane, fixed transfer section, or spurtrack for the purpose of transferring a carrier from oneto another.

crane, manually operated: a cranewhose travel mechanismis driven by pulling an endless chain, or by manuallymoving the load.

crane, power-operated: a cranewhosemechanism is drivenby electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic means.

crane, pulpit-operated: a crane operated from a fixed oper-ator station not attached to the crane.

crane, remote-operated: a crane controlled by an operatornot in a pulpit nor in the cab attached to the crane, andcontrolled by anymethod other than ameans suspendedfrom the crane.

crane, semigantry: a crane with one end of the bridgerigidly supported on one or more legs that run on afixed rail, the other end of the bridge being supportedby an end truck suspended from an elevated track (seeFig. 11-0.2-5).

crane, single-girder: a crane having one bridge girdermounted between, and supported from, the end trucks.



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Fig. 11-0.2-2 Examples of Styles of Electrification

3



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-3 Cab-Operated Cranes

(a) Cab-Operated Crane

Cab

Hoist

Runway

Crane trolleyBridge girder

Bridge girders

Carrier stop

Carrier stop

End truck

Cab

(b) Cab Fixed on Crane

4



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-4 Floor-Operated Cranes

(a) Hand-Held Push Button

Hoist

Runway

Push-button station

Crane bridge

Carrier stop

Push-button station

(b) Wall-Mounted Push Button

Hoist

Runway

Crane bridge

Carrier stop

5



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-5 Semigantry Crane

crane, underhung: a crane with a single- or multiple-girder movable bridge carrying a movable or fixedhoisting mechanism and traveling on the lower flangesof an overhead runway (see Figs. 11-0.2-3 and 11-0.2-4).

designated person: a person selected or assigned by theemployer or the employers representative as being com-petent to perform specific duties.

drop section: (also known as lift section) amechanism thatwill permit a section of track(s) to be lifted or lowered outof alignment with the stationary track(s) (seeFig. 11-0.2-6).

electric baffle: conductors that are wired to cut off electricpower to approaching motor-driven equipment if trackswitches, drop sections, and othermovable track devicesare not properly set for passage of equipment.

end truck: an assembly consisting of the frame andwheels which support the crane girder(s) and allowmovement along the runway.

fixed transfer section: (also known as crossover) a connect-ing track with an interlock mechanism on both ends,mounted between two interlocking cranes, used totransfer a carrier from one bridge to the other.

hanger rod: a steel rod which, together with other fittings,is used to suspend the track from the supportingstructure.

hoist: a suspended machinery unit that is used for liftingand lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load.

interlocking mechanism: a mechanical device to locktogether the adjacent ends of two cranes, or a crane to

6

a fixed transfer section or spur track, to permit the trans-fer of carriers from one crane or track to the other (seeFig. 11-0.2-7).

jib boom: a horizontal cantilever track for supporting thecarrier (see Fig. 11-0.2-8).

limit device: a device which is operated by some part ormotion of power-driven equipment to limit motion.

load bar: a load-carrying member between carriers.

load block: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bear-ing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoistrope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenancesreeved in the hoisting rope or load chain.

master switch: a device that dominates the operation ofcontactors and auxiliary devices of an enclosed circuit.

monorail: a single run of overhead track onwhich carrierstravel.

monorail system: a machine for lifting and lowering aload and moving it horizontally, suspended from a sin-gle track.

normal operating conditions (of cab-operated cranes or carri-ers): conditions during which a crane or carrier is per-forming functions within the scope of the originaldesign. Under these conditions, the operator is at theoperating control devices and no other person is on thecrane or carrier.

normal operating conditions (of floor-operated cranes orcarriers): conditions during which a crane or carrier isperforming functions within the scope of the originaldesign. Under these conditions, the operator is at the



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-6 Drop Section (Lift Section)

Fig. 11-0.2-7 Interlocking System for Underhung Crane

7



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-8 Wall-Supported Jib Crane

Jib boom

Carrier stop

CarrierHoist

Support rod

operating control devices that are attached to the craneor carrier but operated with the operator off the craneor carrier, and with no person on the crane or carrier.

normal operating conditions (of remote-operated cranes orcarriers): conditions during which a crane or carrier isperforming functions within the scope of the originaldesign. Under these conditions, the operator is at theoperating control devices that are not attached to anypart of the crane or carrier.

normal walking speed: a walking speed assumed to be150 ft/min (46 m/min).

push-button station: an electrical control device consistingof push-button-operated contacts, in an enclosure usedby the operator for control of the powered motions ofthe crane, carrier, hoist, and other auxiliary equipment.

qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree in an applicable field, or certificate of pro-fessional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,training, and experience, has successfully demonstratedthe ability to solve or resolve problems relating to thesubject matter and work.

radio controlled: a crane or carrier operated from a radiotransmitter located at a point not mechanically attachedto the device being controlled.

rated load: the maximum load, designated by the manu-facturer or qualified person, for which the crane ormonorail system is designed and built.

remote controlled: controlled by a control station locatedat a point not mechanically attached to the device beingcontrolled.

8

rope: refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.

runway: the tracks from which the underhung crane issuspended.

service, heavy: that service which involves operationwithin the rated load limit which exceeds normalservice.

service, normal: that service which involves operationwith randomly distributed loads within the rated loadlimit, or uniform loads of less than 65% of the ratedload for not more than 15% of the time for manuallyoperated hoists, and 25% of the time for electric orpneumatic-powered hoists, of a single work shift.

service, severe: that service which involves normal orheavy service with abnormal operating conditions.

shall: the word shall indicates that the rule is manda-tory and must be followed.

should: the word should indicates that the rule is arecommendation, the advisability of which depends onthe facts in each situation.

side pull: the component of the hoist pull acting horizon-tally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.

splice: a mechanical device used to join the adjacent endsof track sections.

spur track: a fixed track arranged to interlock with anadjacent crane girder to permit passage of carriers fromthe spur track to the crane, and vice versa.

standby equipment: equipment that is not in regular ser-vice but which is used occasionally or intermittently asrequired.

stop: a device to limit travel of a carrier or crane andwhich normally does not have energy-absorbing ability.

support system: those components whose sole purposeis to suspend or support the crane runway, monorail,jib boom, or other equipment system components. Thesesupport system components include, but are not limitedto, hanger rods, track hangers, clamps, sway bracing,and fasteners.

switch, cross-track: a track switch containing one straightsection of track, pivoted about the center, which canbe rotated to align with other crossing tracks to allowpassage of the carrier through the junction withoutchanging the direction of the carrier motion.

switch, glide (slider): a track switch with a movable innerframe containing straight or curved sections of track.The inner frame can be moved to align these sectionsof track with other fixed tracks to permit routing ofcarriers.

switch, tongue: a track switch containing one straightsection of track, pivoted at one end, which can be swungto various positions to connect with fixed tracks forrouting of carriers.



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ASME B30.11-2010

Fig. 11-0.2-9 Example of One Type of EnclosedTrack and Support Bracket

Track

Trolley

Hanger bracket

Load

To support

switch, track: a device with a moving section of trackthat can be moved to permit passage of a carrier fromincoming fixed track(s) to outgoing fixed track(s).

track: the structural member that supports the carrier orcrane wheels.

track, enclosed: a structural member, generally in theshape of a rectangular tube, with a continuous slot run-ning lengthwise along the underside that permits endtrucks or carriers (trolleys) to travel on the interior bot-tom flange (see Fig. 11-0.2-9).

track curves: curved sections of monorail track used tochange the direction of carrier travel.

track hangers: fittings used to suspend the track from thesupporting structure.

track joint: the point at which two sections of track arejoined together.

track opener: a section of monorail track arranged to liftor swing out of line to make an opening through whicha door may pass.

turntable: a track device with a movable inner framecontaining a straight section of track that can be rotatedwith a loaded carrier on it to align the section of trackwith other tracks for the transfer of carriers from onetrack to another.

9

yoke: a frame on which a pair of load-carrying wheelsare mounted.

SECTION 11-0.3 REFERENCES

The following is a list of publications referenced inthis Standard.

AA ADM-1-2005, Aluminum Design ManualPublisher: Aluminum Association, Inc. (AA), 1525Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209(www.aluminum.org)

ALI A14.3-2008, Safety Requirements for Fixed LaddersPublisher: American Ladder Institute (ALI), 401 NorthMichigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611(www.americanladderinstitute.org)

ANSI/AWSD1.1-2008, StructuralWelding CodeSteelANSI/AWS D14.1-2005, Specification for Welding ofIndustrial and Mill Cranes and Other MaterialHandling Equipment

Publisher: American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NWLe Jeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (www.aws.org)

ANSI MH27.1-2003, Specifications for UnderhungCranes and Monorail Systems

ANSI MH27.2-2003, Specifications for Enclosed TrackUnderhung Cranes and Monorail Systems

Publisher: Monorail Manufacturers Association, Inc.(MMA), 8720RedOak Boulevard, Suite 201, Charlotte,NC 28217 (www.mhia.org/MMA)

ANSI/NFPA 70-2005, National Electrical CodePublisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269(www.nfpa.org)

ASME B30.9-2006, SlingsASME B30.10-2005, HooksASME B30.16-2007, Overhead Hoists (Underhung)Publisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 LawDrive, Box2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)

ASSE A1264.1-2007, Safety Requirements for WorkplaceFloor and Wall Openings, Stairs, and Railing Systems

ASSE Z244.1-2003, Control of Hazardous EnergyLockout/Tagout and Alternative Methods

Publisher: American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE),1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018-2187(www.asse.org)

ASTM E 2349-2005, Safety Requirements for Meltingand Pouring of Metals in the Metalcasting Industry

Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM International), 100 Barr HarborDrive, P.O. BoxC700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 (www.astm.org)

(10)



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ASME B30.11-2010

CMAA Specification No. 74-2004, Specifications for TopRunning and Under Running Single Girder ElectricOverhead Traveling Cranes Utilizing Under RunningTrolley Hoist

Publisher: CraneManufacturersAssociation ofAmerica,Inc. (CMAA), 8720 Red Oak Boulevard, Charlotte, NC28217 (www.mhia.org/CMMA)

SAE Z26.1-1996, Safety Code for Safety GlazingMaterials for Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating onLand Highways

10

Publisher: Society of Automotive Engineers, (SAE), 400Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096(www.sae.org)

The Manual of Steel Construction, 13th ed., 2005Publisher: American Institute of Steel Construction(AISC), One East Wacker Drive, Suite 3100, Chicago,IL 60601 (www.aisc.org)



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ASME B30.11-2010

Chapter 11-1Construction and Installation

SECTION 11-1.1 MARKINGS

11-1.1.1 Cranes

The rated load of the crane shall be marked on thecrane, and if the crane has more than one hoisting unit,each hoist shall have its rated load marked on the hoistor its load block so that the rated load marking shall belegible from the ground or floor. The combined load onall hoists on the crane shall not exceed the rated loadof the crane.

11-1.1.2 Monorails

The rated load of the monorail should be marked onthe monorail. If the rated load is marked, it shall belegible from the ground or floor. The combined load onall hoists on the monorail shall not exceed the rated loadof the monorail.

11-1.1.3 Hoists

The rated load of each hoist on a monorail shall bemarked in accordance with ASME B30.16.

11-1-1.4 Trolleys

The rated load, the equipment manufacturers name,and the model number or serial number shall be markedon each trolley.

11-1.1.5 Warnings

(a) On floor-operated hoists, warnings are to be inaccordance with ASME B30.16.

(b) On cab-operated hoists, warnings for hoistingshall be displayed in a readable position in the cab andin accordance with ASME B30.16.

11-1.1.6 Controls

(a) Each control actuator shall be legibly marked toindicate the function and direction of movement.

(b) In locations or areas where multiple systems areused by nondedicated operators, the arrangement ofcontrol markings for function and directions should bethe same for all crane and monorail systems in thatlocation or area.

SECTION 11-1.2 CLEARANCES

11-1.2.1 Clearances From Obstructions

In the design of crane or monorail systems, all factorsthat influence clearances, such as wheel float, truss sag,and bridge or carrier skewing, shall be considered.

11

11-1.2.2 Clearances Between Parallel Cranes

(a) If the runways of two noninterlocking cranes areparallel and there are no intervening walls or structures,there shall be clearance provided and maintainedbetween the two cranes.

(b) Where two cranes on parallel runways aredesigned for interlocking transfer of the carrier(s),meansshall be provided to maintain clearance between thecranes so that the interlocking ends of the crane girdersdo not strike each other when passing, and so that theinterlocking ends of the crane girders do not strike afixed interlocking crossover or spur track.

11-1.2.3 Clearances at Curves

Clearances shall be provided at the curves of a mono-rail system to allow for the swing of the load whennegotiating the curve. The amount of this clearance shallbe determined by giving due consideration to the size,weight, and speed of the carrier and the radius of thetrack curve.

SECTION 11-1.3 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION

11-1.3.1 Crane Runways and Monorail Tracks

(a) Crane runways, monorails, support systems, andsupporting structures shall be designed to withstandthe loads and forces imposed by the cranes and carriers.

(b) The structure shall be free from detrimental vibra-tions under normal operating conditions.

(c) Track sections shall be installed with splices thatensure proper alignment of the surface and sides of theload-carrying flange.

(d) Runway tracks shall be spaced to be compatiblewith the span and design of the crane.

(e) Where curves are required, special design will benecessary.

(f) Where change in elevation of the track is required,special design will be necessary.

(g) Stops shall be provided at the ends of the carrieror crane travel to prevent the carrier or crane from inad-vertently coming off the track or contacting an obstruc-tion. Stops shall be provided at open ends of tracks,such as at interlocking crossovers, track spurs, trackopeners, and track switches. Stops shall resist impactforces of a fully loaded carrier or crane traveling at 50%of the rated full-load speed.

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ASME B30.11-2010

11-1.3.2 Track Supports

(a) Crane runways or monorail tracks shall be fas-tened to a supporting structure by means of a supportsystem.

(b) All support system components shall be designedto withstand the loads and forces imposed by the cranesor carriers. Hanger rods shall be installed plumb withinthe manufacturers tolerances.

(c) Where multiple hanger rods are used at a suspen-sion point, consideration should be given to the unequalload induced in the rods.

(d) Means shall be provided to restrain the trackagainst damaging lateral and longitudinal movement.

(e) Where the track is suspended from hanger rodassemblies, restraining means shall be provided to pre-vent the hanger rod nuts from backing off the hangerrods.

(f) All track and track supports built after the issuanceof this Volume should conform to the minimum designparameters as specified in ANSIMH27.1, ANSIMH27.2,The Manual of Steel Construction, and the Specificationfor Aluminum Structures, as applicable.

11-1.3.3 Cranes and Monorail Systems

All cranes and monorail systems built after the issu-ance of this Standard should conform to the minimumdesign parameters as specified in The Manual of SteelConstruction, CMAA No. 74, ANSI MH27.1, orANSI MH27.2, as applicable.

11-1.3.4 Welded Construction

All welding procedures and welding operator qualifi-cations to be used on load-sustainingmembers of cranesand monorail systems shall conform toANSI/AWS D14.1. Where field welding of track sup-ports is done, welding shall be done in accordance withANSI/AWS D1.1.

11-1.3.5 Modifications

The crane and monorail systems may be modified orrerated, provided such modifications and the support-ing structure are analyzed by a qualified person or man-ufacturer of the equipment. A rerated system or onewhose load-supporting components have beenmodifiedshall be tested in accordance with Section 11-2.2. Thenew rated load shall be displayed in accordance withSection 11-1.1.

SECTION 11-1.4 TRACK SWITCHES, TRACKOPENERS, AND INTERLOCKS

11-1.4.1 Track Switches

(a) All track switches shall be constructed andinstalled to maintain alignment with incoming and out-going tracks. Control chains or ropes for hand-operatedtrack switches, push buttons for electrically operated

12

track switches, and operator-controlled valves for pneu-matic or hydraulically operated track switches shall belocated within reach of the operator.

(b) Stops shall be provided as an integral part of theswitch to protect the end of an incoming track whenthe switch track is not aligned with the incoming track.

(c) Track switches should not be shifted with a carrieron themovable track.Means shall be provided to preventa carrier on the movable track from running off themovable track when it is not aligned with an outgo-ing track.

(d) Means shall be provided to hold the movableframe in a stationary position during passage of carriersthrough the track switch.

(e) Electric baffles shall be provided on track switchesand incoming tracks on systems with cab control, auto-matic dispatch carriers, or molten material carriers asrequired in ANSI Z241.2. Baffles shall prevent carriercontact with the end of an incoming track when theswitch track is not aligned with the incoming track.Baffles shall also prevent the carrier or load frominterfering with a carrier or load on an adjacent track.

11-1.4.2 Track Openers

Stops shall be provided to prevent a crane from run-ning off either of the open ends of the track when themovable section is not in alignment with the track.

11-1.4.3 Interlocks

(a) Interlocking mechanisms for transfer and inter-locking cranes shall maintain alignment of the bridgegirder(s) with spur tracks, fixed transfer sections, orbridge girder(s) of interlocking cranes operating on adja-cent runways to permit the transfer of a carrier fromone to the other.

(b) Stops shall be an integral part of the interlockmechanism. When bridge girders and spur tracks orfixed transfer sections are aligned and interlock mecha-nisms are engaged, stops shall be in the open positionto permit transfer of a carrier from one to the other.When bridge girders and spur tracks or fixed transfersections are not aligned, or interlock mechanisms aredisengaged, stops shall be in the closed position andshall prevent carriers from rolling off the end of spurtracks, transfer sections, or bridge girders.

SECTION 11-1.5 VERTICAL DROP OR LIFTSECTIONS

11-1.5.1 Carrier Passage

Vertical drop or lift sections shall maintain alignmentof the fixed tracks and the movable tracks to enable thepassage of a carrier.



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11-1.5.2 Carrier Run Off Protection

Means shall be provided to prevent a carrier fromrunning off either end of the movable track when themovable track is not in alignment with the fixed tracks.

11-1.5.3 Stops

Stops shall prevent a carrier from running off the openends of the fixed tracks when the movable track is notin alignment with the fixed tracks.

11-1.5.4 Baffles

Electric baffles shall be provided on fixed andmovabletracks on systems with cab-operated carriers, automaticdispatch carriers, or molten material carriers. They shalllimit carrier travel when the movable track is not inalignment with the fixed track. They shall also preventthe load from contacting another load on the movabletrack.

SECTION 11-1.6 CABS, NORMAL OR SKELETON(IF PROVIDED)

11-1.6.1 Cab Location and Internal Arrangement

(a) The general arrangement of the cab and the loca-tion of the control and protective equipment should besuch that all operating control devices are within reachof the operator when facing the area to be served bythe load block, or while facing in the direction of travelof the cab.

(b) The arrangement of the cab should allow the oper-ator to view the load block in all positions. When physi-cal arrangements obscure the operator s view, theoperator shall be aided by other means such as, but notlimited to, closed circuit TV, mirrors, radio, telephone,or a signal person.

(c) The cab shall be clear of all fixed structures withinits area of movement.

(d) The clearance of the cab above the working flooror passageway should not be less than 7 ft (2.1 m), exceptwhen operations require dimensions that are less. In thiscase, precautions shall be taken during the operation ofthe crane or carrier to keep personnel and other obstruc-tions clear of the low overhead cab.

11-1.6.2 Cab Construction

(a) Where the cab operates on a single track, the cabmay be mounted on a separate carrier or can be anintegral part of the hoist carrier. On double-girdercranes, the cab shall be rigidly attached to the carrieror the crane to minimize swing.

(b) If an integral outside platform is provided, thedoor (if provided) shall slide or open outward.

(c) In the absence of an outside platform, the door (ifprovided) shall slide or open inward and shall be self-closing. It shall be equipped with a latching device.

13

(d) Guardrails and toeboards shall be in compliancewith ASSE A1264.1.

(e) Outdoor cabs should be enclosed. All cab glazingshall be of safety glazing material as defined inSAE Z26.1.

(f) Where a danger from falling objects exists, the cabconstruction shall offer protection. The protection shallsupport a minimum static load of 50 lb/ft2 (2.4 kPa).

(g) If the cab of a hot molten material crane or carrieris exposed to heat, it shall be providedwith the followingor equivalent protection:

(1) Where the cab is located near the source of radi-ant heat, the cab shall be protected by a heat shieldlocated between the cab and heat source.

(2) Cab areas that are subjected to molten metalspatter shall be shielded, or have heat and spatter resis-tant clear panels or heat screens where required, to pro-vide operator vision and protection.

(3) The floor shall be thermally insulated.

11-1.6.3 Access to Cab

Access to the cab shall be by a fixed ladder, stairs, orplatform requiring no step over any gap exceeding 12 in.(305 mm). Fixed ladders shall be in conformance withALI A14.3.

11-1.6.4 Toolbox

If a receptacle is provided for the stowing of tools andoil cans, it shall bemetal and securely fastened in the cab.

11-1.6.5 Fire Extinguisher

A portable fire extinguisher with a basic minimumextinguisher rating of 10 BC shall be installed in the cab.

11-1.6.6 Lighting

Cab lighting, either natural or artificial, shall providea level of illumination that enables the operator toobserve the operating controls.

11-1.6.7 Egress

There should be means of egress from cab-operatedcranes or carriers to permit departure under emergencyconditions. The means of egress should depend uponthe facts of the situation.

SECTION 11-1.7 GUARDS AND LUGS

1-1.7.1 Guards for Moving Parts

(a) Exposed moving parts, such as gears, set screws,projecting keys, chains, chain sprockets, and reciprocat-ing components that constitute a hazard under normaloperating conditions, shall be guarded.

(b) Each guard shall be capable of supporting 200 lb(90 kg), without permanent deformation, unless theguard is located where it is not probable for a personto step on it.



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11-1.7.2 Guards for Hoisting Ropes

(a) If it is possible for hoisting ropes to foul or chafeon adjacent parts of the crane under normal operatingconditions, guards shall be installed to minimize dam-age to the rope.

(b) A guard shall be provided to prevent contactbetween bridge or runway conductors and hoistingropes, if under normal operating conditions they cancome into contact.

11-1.7.3 Lugs

Means shall be provided to limit the drop of a bridgeend truck frame in case ofwheel, axle, or load bar failure,and shall be located on both sides of the track to providecentral loading of the track about the vertical axis iffailure occurs.

SECTION 11-1.8 BRAKES

11-1.8.1 Hoisting Brakes

Hoisting brakes shall conform to ASME B30.16.

11-1.8.2 Brakes for Bridge and Carrier Travel (CabOperated)

(a) Foot-operated brakes shall require an appliedforce of not more than 70 lb (310 N) to develop ratedbrake torque.

(b) Brake pedal(s), latches, and levers should allowrelease without the exertion of greater force than wasused in applying the brake.

(c) Foot-operated brakes shall be equipped with ameans for positive release when force is released fromthe pedal.

(d) The foot brake pedals shall be so located that theyare convenient to the operator.

(e) Brakes for stopping the motion of the carrier orbridge shall have torque capability to stop the carrieror bridge within a distance in ft (m) equal to 10% of therated load speed in ft/min (m/min) when traveling atfull speed with rated load, and with power off.

(f) All foot brake pedals shall be constructed so thatthe operators foot will not readily slip off the pedal.

(g) If parking brakes are provided on the bridge orcarrier, they shall not prohibit the use of a drift point inthe control circuit.

(h) Brakes shall have the thermal capacity for the fre-quency of operation required by the service.

11-1.8.3 Brakes for Power-Operated Bridges andCarriers (Floor- and Remote-Operated,Including Skeleton Cab-Operated)

Brakes, if provided, shall meet the requirements ofparas. 11-1.8.2(e), (g), and (h).

14

11-1.8.4 Application of Brakes

(a) On cab-operated cranes with cab on bridge, abridge brake shall be provided and shall meet therequirements of para. 11-1.8.2.

(b) On cab-operated cranes with cab on carrier, carrierand bridge brakes shall be provided and shall meet therequirements of para. 11-1.8.2.

(c) On cab-operated carriers operating on a monorail,a carrier brake(s) shall be provided and shall meet therequirements of para. 11-1.8.2.

(d) On all floor and remote-operated cranes or carri-ers, a travel brake(s) is not required, provided that, incase of power failure, the travel motion can be retardedand stopped within the travel distance specified inpara. 11-1.8.2(e). If this requirement cannot be compliedwith, a brake or noncoasting mechanical drive shall beprovided and shall meet the requirements ofpara. 11-1.8.3.

SECTION 11-1.9 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

11-1.9.1 General

(a) Wiring and equipment shall comply withArticle 610 of ANSI/NFPA 70.

(b) The control circuit voltage shall not exceed 600 Vfor AC or DC.

(c) The voltage at pendant push buttons shall notexceed 150 V for AC or 300 V for DC.

(d) Where multiple-conductor cable is used with asuspended push-button station, the station shall be sup-ported so that electrical conductors are protected fromstrain.

(e) Pendant control stations shall be constructed toprevent electrical shock. The push-button enclosure shallbe at ground potential and marked for identification offunctions.

11-1.9.2 Equipment

(a) Electrical equipment shall be so located orenclosed that live parts will not be exposed to inadver-tent contact under normal operating conditions.

(b) Live parts of electrical equipment shall be pro-tected from direct exposure to grease and oil, and shouldbe protected from dirt and moisture.

(c) Guards for live parts, if provided, shall be solocated that they cannot be accidentally deformed so asto make contact with the live parts.

11-1.9.3 Controls

(a) Cab-Operated Controls(1) Lever-operated manual controllers and master

switches shall be provided with an off-position notchor latch. A spring return to the off position is acceptable.

(2) The operating handle for manual controller ormaster switch shall be located within reach of theoperator.



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(3) The movement of the handle of each manualcontroller ormaster switch should be in the same generaldirection as the resultant movements of the load, exceptas shown in Figs. 11-1.9.3-1 and 11-1.9.3-2.

(4) The arrangement of controllers or masterswitches should conform to Figs. 11-1.9.3-1 and 11-1.9.3-2.

(b) Floor-Operated Controls(1) For floor-operated cranes or carriers, the con-

troller or controllers, if rope operated, shall automati-cally return to the off position when released.

(2) Pendant push buttons that control motion shallreturn to the off position when pressure is released bythe operator.

(3) The arrangement of pendant push buttonsshould conform to Fig. 11-1.9.3-3.

(c) Automatic and Remote Controls(1) Automatic cranes or carriers shall be so

designed that operation of all motions shall be discon-tinued if the automatic sequence control becomes inef-fective. Completion of the last command is permissibleif power is available.

(2) Remote-operated cranes or carriers shall func-tion so that if the control signal for any crane or carriermotion becomes ineffective, that crane or carrier motionshall stop. Conversely, signals received from any sourceother than the operating station (transmitter) shall notresult in operation of any motion of the crane or carrier.

(3) The arrangement of radio-controlled cranetransmitters should conform to Fig. 11-1.9.3-4.

11-1.9.4 Resistors (if Provided)

(a) Resistor units shall be supported to minimizevibration effect.

(b) Provisions shall be made to prevent broken partsor molten metal from falling upon the operator or fromthe crane or carrier.

(c) If resistor enclosures are provided, the enclosuresshall be installed to prevent the accumulation of combus-tible matter.

11-1.9.5 Switches

(a) The electrical supply to runway or monorail con-ductors shall be controlled by a switch or circuit breakerlocated on a fixed structure, accessible from the floor,with provision for being locked in an open position.

(b) On cab-operated cranes or carriers, a switch orcircuit breaker of the enclosed type, with provision forlocking in the open position, shall be provided in theleads from the runway or monorail conductors. Ameansof opening this device shall be located within reachof the operator from the operating position. When theoperator opens this switch or circuit breaker, the electricbrakes shall set.

15

(c) On floor- or remote-operated cranes, a disconnectdevice of the enclosed type shall be provided in theleads from the runway conductors. This device shouldbe mounted on the bridge near the runway collectors.There shall be provisions for locking the device in theopen position, unless the crane is the only load on alockable switch or circuit breaker that is located in thegeneral area of the crane. One of the following types offloor- or remote-operated disconnects shall be provided:

(1) a nonconductive rope attached to the main dis-connect device on a floor-operated crane. If this isselected, the rope shall be suspended adjacent to theoperating ropes if manual controllers are used, or nearthe pendant push-button station if magnetic controlsare used.

(2) an undervoltage trip for the main circuitbreaker, operated by an emergency stop button accessi-ble to the operator.

(3) a main line contactor operated by a switch orpush button accessible to the operator.

11-1.9.6 Runway, Monorail, and Bridge Conductors

Runway, monorail, and bridge conductors shall beguarded or located tominimize inadvertent contact withthe conductor.

SECTION 11-1.10 HOISTING EQUIPMENT

Manual or powered hoist units used as part of amono-rail or underhung crane system shall comply withrequirements as stated in ASME B30.16.

SECTION 11-1.11 WARNING DEVICES

On cab- and remote-operated cranes or carriers, anaudible or visual warning means shall be provided.

SECTION 11-1.12 INSTALLATION

The installation of crane and monorail systems shallbe in accordance with the equipment manufacturersrecommendations.

SECTION 11-1.13 CARRIERS (TROLLEYS)

(a) Trolley wheel configuration shall be matched tothe rail shape and size (see Fig. 11-1.13-1).

(b) The trolley shall be suitable to operate on themini-mum radius and contour of the beam.

(c) Refer to the equipment manufacturer, theoperating manual, or other technical information fromthe manufacturer or a qualified person for suitableequipment application.

(d) Adjust the trolley for proper fit and clearance forthe application as referenced in the manual providedwith the equipment (see Fig. 11-1.13-2).

(10)

(10)



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Fig.

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Fig. 11-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement ofControllers (Pendant Push-Button Station

Arrangement)

Up

DownMain Hoist

Up

DownMain Hoist

Power On

Power Off

Right

LeftCarrier

Right

LeftCarrier

Forward

ReverseBridge

Power On Off

1

2

Forward

ReverseBridge

Up

DownAux. Hoist

Up

DownAux. Hoist

Indicating Light

Reset

GENERAL NOTE: In each user location, the relative arrangement ofunits on crane pendant push-button stations should be standardized.In the absence of such standardization, suggested arrangements areshown in arrangements 1 and 2.

18

Fig. 11-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arrangement ofControllers (Radio Crane Control Transmitter Lever

Arrangement)

GENERAL NOTE: Markings on the crane, visible from the floor, shallindicate the direction of bridge and carrier travel corresponding tothe W, X, Y, and Z designations on the transmitter. The letters usedare only intended for the purpose of illustration.

Designations should be selected as appropriate to each opera-tion. The designation may appear below, above, on, or adjacent to,the button controlling the respective operation.



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Fig. 11-1.13-1 Recommended Trolley Wheel Configurations

Detail A : Beam With CrownTread Wheel (Preferred)

Detail B : Beam With CantedFlat Tread Wheel (Acceptable)

Detail C : Beam With FlatTread Wheel (Unacceptable)

Detail D: Patented Rail With Flat Tread Wheel

(Preferred)

Detail E: Patented Rail With Crown Tread Wheel

(Acceptable)

19

(10)



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Fig. 11-1.13-2 Recommended Trolley Fit

Lubrication fitting

Inside spacer washers

Spacer Washer Arrangement(Minimum Flange Width Shown)

Cross pin

Measure clearance here 1/8 in. to

1/4 in.

GENERAL NOTE: To adjust for wider flange widths, use additional washers inside as required, in equalnumbers at each side of cross pin.

20



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Chapter 11-2Inspection and Testing

This Chapter establishes and defines the criteria fordetermining whether cranes, crane runways, monorailsystems, and support systems can be expected to per-form as intended.

SECTION 11-2.1 INSPECTION

11-2.1.1 General

(a) There are five types of inspections required, eachdirected toward adifferent set of circumstances. They are

(1) initial inspection(2) functional test inspection(3) frequent inspection(4) periodic inspection(5) inspection of equipment not in regular use

(b) In addition, the inspection and testing shall bebased on the recommendations in the equipment manu-facturers manual; and, when appropriate, recommen-dations by a qualified person based upon review of theequipment application and operation.

11-2.1.2 Initial Inspection

(a) An initial inspection is a visual and audible exami-nation of the crane, the runway, monorail systems, andthe support system by a designated person.

(b) New, reinstalled, altered, repaired, modifiedequipment, and supporting structures shall be inspectedby a designated person prior to initial use to verifycompliance with applicable provisions of Section 11-2.1of this Volume.

(c) Inspection of altered, repaired, and modifiedequipment may be limited to the parts of the crane,runway, monorail systems, or support system affectedby the alteration, repair, or modification, as determinedby a qualified person.

(d) The equipment shall be tested in accordance withSection 11-2.2 in addition to the inspection.

(e) Adjustments, repairs, or replacements necessaryto satisfy the requirements of this section shall be madein accordance with para. 11-4.2.4 prior to initial use.

(f) Dated and signed inspection and test records shallbe maintained to provide the basis for continuing evalu-ation. Records should be kept where available toappointed personnel.

11-2.1.3 Functional Test Inspection

(a) A functional test inspection is a visual and audibleoperational examination of the equipment, and shall be

21

conducted at the beginning of each shift, or before theequipment is first used during each shift, by the operatoror a designated person. In special applications, whenthe handling of a suspended load is transferred fromoperator to operator at shift change, the functional testinspection shall be performed when that lift iscompleted.

(b) As a minimum, the following items shall beinspected during performance of the functional testinspection:

(1) operational controls(2) upper limit device(s) in accordance with

ASME B30.16(3) chain or wire rope in accordance with

ASME B30.16(c) Adjustments, repairs, or replacements necessary

to satisfy requirements shall be made in accordance withpara. 11-4.2.4 prior to initial use if the functional testinspection reveals that there are items and conditionsthat do not comply with the provisions.

(d) Deficiencies discovered during this inspectionshall be reported immediately to the supervisor or adesignated person.

11-2.1.4 Frequent Inspection

(a) A frequent inspection is a visual and audibleexamination of the equipment conducted by the opera-tor or a designated person.

(b) Hoist inspection shall be in accordance withASME B30.16.

(c) Equipment shall be inspected at intervals depen-dent on the use of the equipment as follows:

(1) normal service monthly(2) heavy service weekly to monthly(3) severe service daily to weekly

(d) As a minimum, the following items shall beinspected:

(1) operating mechanisms for proper operation,proper adjustment, and unusual sounds; such as, butnot limited to, squeaking, grinding, grating, etc.

(2) upper limit device(s) in accordance withASME B30.16

(3) tanks, valves, pumps, lines, and other parts ofair or hydraulic systems for leakage

(4) hooks and latches, if used, in accordance withASME B30.10

(5) hook attachment and securing means(6) warning device(s) for proper operation

(10)



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(7) chain or wire rope in accordance withASME B30.16

(8) placement of end stops(e) Aqualified person shall determinewhether condi-

tions found during the inspection constitute a hazardand require a more detailed inspection.

(f) Adjustments, repairs, or replacements shall bemade, as necessary, in accordance with para. 11-4.2.4.

(g) Deficiencies discovered during this inspectionshall be reported immediately to the supervisor or adesignated person.

11-2.1.5 Periodic Inspection

(a) Aperiodic inspection is a visual and audible exam-ination of the equipment conducted by a designatedperson.

(b) Hoist inspection shall be in accordance withASME B30.16.

(c) Equipment shall be inspected at intervals depen-dent on the use of the equipment as follows:

(1) normal service yearly(2) heavy service semiannually(3) severe service quarterly

(d) The inspection shall include, but is not limited to,the following items:

(1) deformed, cracked, or corroded members,including hangers and sway braces.

(2) loose or missing fasteners, such as bolts, nuts,pins, or rivets.

(3) cracked or worn sheaves, drums, or chainsprockets.

(4) worn, cracked, or distorted parts such as pins,bearings, wheels, shafts, gears, rollers, locking andclamping devices, bumpers, switch baffles, interlockbolts, and end stops.

(5) hooks and latches, if used, in accordance withASME B30.10.

(6) hook attachment and securing means.(7) excessive wear of brake system parts.(8) excessive wear of chain drive sprockets and

excessive chain stretch.(9) deterioration of motors, controllers, master

switches, contacts, limit device(s), and push-buttonstations.

(10) wind indicators for proper operation.(11) travel limit devices for proper performance.

Each motion shall be inched or operated at low speedinto the limit device with no load on the crane.

(12) upper and lower limit device(s) in accordancewith ASME B30.16.

(13) warning device(s) for proper operation.(14) chain or wire rope in accordance with

ASME B30.16.(15) function, instruction,warning and safety infor-

mation signs, labels, or plates for placement andlegibility.

22

(16) operating mechanisms for proper operation,proper adjustment, and unusual sounds; such as, butnot limited t

Documents

B30.11 (2010)