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B10 1152 Lab
Respiratory Ventilation
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Inspiratory Muscles
1. Diaphragm2. External
Intercostal3. Scalenes4. Sternocleidomasto
ids5. Neck & Back
muscles6. Upper-respiratory-
tract muscles
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Mechanics of breathing
Quiet breath: +/- 3 mmHg intrapulmonary pressure.
Forced breath:Extra muscles, including abs+/- 20-30 mm Hg intrapulmonary
pressure
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Pulmonary Function
Spirometry:Breathe into a closed system, with
air, water, moveable ball
Insert fig. 16.16
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Lung volumes
Tidal volume (TV): in/out with quiet breath (500 ml)
Total minute volume: tidal x breaths/min6 L/minExercise: even 200 L/min!
Anatomical dead space:Conducting zoneDilutes tidal volume, by a constant amount.Deeper breaths -> more fresh air to alveoli.
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Lung volumes
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): volume of air you could inhale with maximal effort
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): volume of air one can expire with maximal effort
Forced-Expiratory Volume (FEV1): volume of air exhaled as rapidly & completely as possible in one second
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Lung capacitiesVital capacity (VC): total volume of exhaled air from
maximal inspiration to maximal exhalation
Residual volume (RV): always left in lungs, even with forced expiration.Not measured with spirometer
Total lung capacity (TLC): VC plus residual volume
Vital capacity is the single most important pulmonary function measurement
Functional residual capacity (FRC): volume of air remaining in lung at the end of a normal exhalation; FRC is the resting volume of the lung
