EUROPA ORIENTALIS 23 (2004): 1

"PA3FOBOP KHHFOIIPORABUA C 1-103TOM"

O. E. ..11e6ede@a

1. "Pa3ronop minronponanna C 1103TOM" (3aKon9ennbn1 6 ee1rrn6p1 1824 r . ) — nepnbin B cnorom CMbICJIe CJI0Ba 3CTeTWICCKHil mann(PecT flynnonia — 3an11-maerr B ero TnopziecTne BeCbMa enoeo6pa3noe MeCTO. TaK }Ke, KaK HO3Ma

"Ibiranbi" H enuoTnopenne "K mopio", "Pamonop" OTHOCHTC51 K npo-nmenelinn, 3anyma1111b1x H naturrbix flyinxmlium H8 TOFC H 3anepi11eninnx MHXA.TIOBCKOM. 3TOT reorpacImmecxmil py6en< 311ame1IyeT co6oio H Tnoplie-eKnil nepenom, H nepenom 3CTCTHIICCKOÙ no313nun flyuncnna, noeurrotwo yCJI0B1 IO HMCHyeMbirl "nepexonom OT p0MallT143Ma K peann3my". flowomy "Pa3ronop Knnronponanna C HO3TOM" — 3TO ORHOBpCMCIIII0 PUOI' H nepenewrn-na; B HCM CJIWKHO COOTHOCSITCH 3aBernnemle H OTKpblTHe:

B peoax COUCCJIHIIKOB orrpauunicb REle cncTembi F103TWIeCKOF0 CO3HaHIDI.

1103T nbipa>Kael"ryT cileremy, Kuropasi onpejkcfmna TBOWleCTBO IlyIDKPIHa no-manTnnecKoro, 11J111 "6a6p0HWICCKOFO" nepmoRa. KnnronpoRanen npowino-cHT acipopm3mb1, no.nynnaume pa3BVITIle B cncTeme Flyuncuna nowenninx

n03TOMy HOHSITHO, tITO "Pa3ronop Kinironponanna C HO3TOM" ITHBJICKall

H npnanexaeT oco6en1Ioe nimmanne ncenenonaTenen. B nopenonionnonnom nyuncnnoneneinin "Pa3ronop" TpaKTOMUICH npenmmeemenno KaK awroGno-rpaclumeeKoe npon3nenenne; npn 3TOM, eeTecTnenno, C HyLLIKHHCKOÚ 3e'rer1'u-neexo1%I nominneil oTonqecTnnsulach 1103H111451 nO3Ta. 2 CyLneeTnennyio Kop-

I TomainencKvai E. B. Flyuuan. Knura wropan (1824 -1837). M.- J1. 1961, c. 16. 2 CM., nanpnmep: CTOMFINFI B. SI. IICTOpligeCKlie COqHHCHIISI. LI. IL flywKnn. 016.

1881, c. 220-226; CM. TaK>Ke KommenTannn K ROpeB0.11FOLWOHHLIM co6pannmm compi-nennn FlyWKIIHa: C04HHeHHM TÍyW KNHa. N3JIaHNe HmnepaTopcKoil AKaRemnn HayK. CF16. 1912. T. III, c. 398-416; I1yWKHH A. C. Co6panne BpoKray3- Ecppon, 1909. T. III, c. 519-521 (B146.nnoTeKa BelIIIKPIX micaTeneil nog peg. C. A. Ben-repona); C0114HeFINSI H nncbma A. C. FlywKnna (no)I peli. FI. O. Moposona). CFI6., Flpocnemenne, 1909. T. 1, c. 666-669.

66

O. 5. .17e6eòettu

peimmy B 3Ty KOHHeIIINIO Bilecna pa6OTa B. B. TomanieBexoro o "Pa3roBo- pe xinironpogaBna C 1103TOM"; Web 3CTeTIFIeCKIla 1103HL(HR 11O3Ta TpaieroBa- Ba peTpoeneKTBBno, KaK npOÌijjeHlíbIÌi nyLLIKHHb1M pomaimitieexigt 3Tan

mnp0so33peir4si H TBoptiecTBa. 3 B petiax KniironpogaBna ncenegoBaTenb enpaBegnimo ycmaTpxBaeT 3apogbau HylIIKHIICKHX 3CTeTHIleCKHX mainicpeeToB 1830-x rogon. B. B. Tomainenexiiti pacemaTpiniaeT "Pa3roBop minronpogaBlia C 1103TOM" KaK yxog HyIIIKHHa OT pomiurrinma H npegiingemie IIOBbIX nyTeil B

Bexyceme: "Pa3roBop imaronpogaBna C 1103TOM" BpencTaBniieT TaKOe )Ke ripoinaline C pomanTinmom, KaK H cnixoTBopeinie "K mopto"; "B 3TOM CTHX0-

TBOpe11111,1 ["Pa3roBop" — 0..11.] eine HeT Stella' gexnapannii HOBbIX nyreil, ga ee H ne morno 66ITB...". 4

Hgen gexnapaTinniocm "Pa3roBopa", oneBilivio iiameTinnuanca B pa6oTe E. B. TomatueBexoro ("Bonbwoe CTIIXOTBOpellHe, npencTaBiunouiee KaK 6Bi no3Timecicro gexnapanmo"), nom/1nm CBOe pa3Birrne B HeKOTOpb1X gpyriix BecnegoBamigx; ogitaxo HpH 3TOM 3CTeTHIleCKHe nominini nO3Ta H Kiiroripo-gaBna oxa3anirch gliameTpanmio pa3rpaiiiitiemn, nplinem nowinng Kruironpo-gaBna xapaierepinyeTca ncenegoBaTenamn pe3K0 Berirramio: "KimronpogaBen — nownRK, 06BniaTenb"; "Cnop 1(01-mem' fOJIHOI no6egoil IIHHHKa ximro-npogaBna pomagnixom 1103TOM",5 a npo3ag1IecKa5 pennynca PloaTa, 3a-xinonaioniaz CTHXOTB0pHbg1 "Pa310B0p", oembienzeTen KaK 110.T1H0e cfniacxo 1103TWIeCKOTO miiposo33pelivia: "He BRASI unger° nrilliero, 11O3T Bbniy>Kgen, iimemro Bialy>Kgen neparni Ha 513bIK 3TOil npe3pelmoii np03Bi H B 6yxiianb-nom, H B neperioeBom embiene enoBa"; 6 "[...1 nyanumexoe ny-The chopmbi, TOtIHO coonmeTcTByroweii cogepncainno, 3anpeigaeT emy OTKa3

noaTa OT p0MailTYPIeeKH B03Bb1111eHHOTO B3r.rigga na H0331410, cornacue C

Bpo3aBlieemi-06BniaTenbeicim OTHOLLIeHileM K Bexyeemy Bbipa>KaTB B CTH-

xax". 7 Taxiim o6pa3oM, noinimanne "Pa3roBopa" KaK ReKJIapaLIHH, allan113 CORep*aHVISI 3CTeTHIIeCKHX 1103HLIIA 1103Ta H Kniironpogainia B oTpmie OT

xygon(eeTBeimoil cpopmbi HyLLIKHHCKOTO 11p0H3BeACHHSI IlpHBOWIT, KaK HaM xan(eTes, K HCKa)KeITHIO coseplueinio enpaBegniniai natianhnoù 110CbITIKH

E. B. Tomamencxoro: o6a ytiacTnnica gnanora Bbipa>KaioT nyuncilicxne

3 TomawelicKkai E. B. F1ywKI4H. KHnra wropas3 (1824-1837), c. 396-403.

4 TaM Ace, c. 14, 18. 5 BOWIII C. M. O IlywKime. M. 1978, c. 31, 33. CM. Taloke: Enaroù Taop-

gectuiii nym IlywKuria (1813 - 1826). M.- J1. 1950, c. 396-403.

6 TypeStri A. M. JImpliKa nyLLIKI4HB B ce OTHOWeH1114 K pomalumamy HpaBCTBeH-

H0-3CTentgeeKOM imea.ne noaTa) // F1po6.nembi pomaifroama. Bbrn. 2. M. 1971, e. 209.

7 BOHJB1 C. M. O Ilyacvme, e. 33.

"Pa3umop Ktuizonpoaamo e noamau" 67

B3rJ151)]1b1 14 MbICJIH, H ynce no onHomy 3TOMy 1103H411151 KHHronponaBna He mo-NceT 6bITb 1103H1114CII "HOLIDISIKH H 06b1BaTCJIH", "mepicawriumHo" OTHOCSI-

IgerocH K HcKyccTBy. 1-103T x KHHronponaBen BerynaloT 13 nHanor 13 HyLLIKIIHCKOM 3CTeTH-

necKom maHHchecTe; 3T0 npennonaraeT HanH3H4e HeKOTOpOt1 cchepra 06114110CTH

B HX BbICKa3131BalIFISIX npH TOM, 11TO o6a ynacTHHxa nnanora o6nanaloT xaw-nwil csoen Tonxon 3peHHH Ha npo6nemy:

[...] nenpemennbno ycnonmem nnanora SIBRACTCA BO3MO*HOCTb cyuAeernonannsi Rnyx Bblpa*CHHbIX TOMeK 3petnist. 3To noikpa3ymenaer na.rwqme gnyx conorra-

1311MbIX KyCKOB TexcTa, ovnimenou.krixcm HanpaBileHHOCTbK), Toqicoll 3penng,

°nei-mori, paxypcom N connagarow,mx no nexoTopomy co; ep*annio C006311,CHLIA

111111 ero qacTii. [...] nOCJle)(0BaTelIbHOCTI3 He C13513aHHb1X H14 B KaKOM urno-

WeHVIN BbICKa3b1BaH1111 He o6pa3ye1' nmanora, na*e ecm4 na)(e.nena ero rpacpu-

nri3naxamn.

OIIHO 143 HaH6onee o6n.wx mecT Bcex HccneBoBaHlln, HOCBSILLICHHbIX "Pa3- roBopy xHHronponaBna C HO3TOM" - 3TO C)FIKCa111451 MHOPOIIIICJIeHHbIX HFITe-

paTypHbix acconHagHti H napannenen co CTFIXOTBOKH1451MH H HHCbMaMH ca-moro HyLuxHHa, KOTOpbIMI4 "Pa3roBop" rycTo HaCbIWeH. 9 OnHaxo 3Ta OCO6e11-

110CTb 1103THKH "Pa3roBopa" ocmmeneHa HaCTOJIbKO >ICC mano, HaCKOJIbK0 XO- pomo H3BeCTHa. KaK HpasHno, HccnenoBaTenx orpaHHEIHBaioTen perHurpa- men nwrepaTypHbix peMHHHCLICHIIHil 11 aBTopemHHHcneHmil, He CTaBH Bonpo- ca o cmbicne H chymnllnx 3T0F0 xynoncecTBeHHoro npHeMa, KOTOpl3I11 B "Pa3-

ronope" HaCTOJIbK0 aKTHBeH, SITO SIBJISICTCH cBoeo6pa3Hbm 3aKOHOM 1103THK11

H BO mHorom opraHH3yeT He TOJIbKO xygoncecTnelmylo (popmy npoH3Be) eHHH, HO PI ero 3CTeTWICCKHI1 CMbICJI: ACKJIapaTHBHOCTb "Pa3rOBOpa" mapacTaeT HmeHHo Ha yposHe nllTepaTypHbix accomamil H awropemHHHcHeHHHil, 6na- ronapn KOTOpbIM OHa Bbipa)KaeTcH xyBoncecTBeimo, nepe3 cHcTemy O6pa3OB H HX BnyTpeHHee ABH>KeHHe. He TOJIbKO nem' H KiiHroripoganeg B "Pa3f0B0pe"

BcTynaioT B nHanor; 6naronap1 HachuneHHocTH ero TexcTa nHTepaTypinamH accomanHamm H awropemiumcgemnumll B imanor C nirrepaTypHoil TpanHnHell

11o.rman 10. M. K crpyierype ma.nornmecKoro l'eKC'Ea B 10*HbIX no3max Elyunonia

II nyLLIK1411 LI ero COBpCMCHFILIKII. nCKOB 1970, c. 101 - 102. 9 CM. 06 3TOM: KommenTapun K Ropenomonnonnwm 143)1aHLISIM c'rnxurBopennil

Flymuna, yKa3. com . R. A. Bnaroro H B. B. TomaineBcxoro, a Taxxce: Me; negeBa H.

F1yWK41HCKaH aneruz 1820-x ronon H -,E1,eMOH" // nyWK11H. BpemennnK nywminciwil

KOMLICC1114. T. 6. M.- II. 1941, c. 51-71; 11)omn4en C. A. Pa6o4asi 'vena» flyunuma IIA ,T•& 835 043 Texero.norwlecxux na6monennii) // Ilyuom. 14cc.nenonannsi N maTepna.nm.

T. XI. JleHourpan 1983, e. 54-55.

68

O. B. fieBeàe«a

H C camgm co6oil BcTynaeT 14 HyllIKHH. 3T0 06CTOSITelIbCTBO onpegengeT gpinnumganggyio CMbICJI0ByK) H ›KaupoBylo HOBH3Hy ero 3cTeTgliecKoro ma-ggcpecTa. TaKHM o6pa3oM, agang3 nirreparypmnx accoggaggg 14 aBTope-mpuigcgegggg C TOLIK14 3peH1451 HX cmincna H (DylIK14Hil — 3T0 geo6xoggmoe ycnome Ann HOHHMíIIIHA acTemnecKog Koggenggg "Pa3roBopa" H ero MCCTa B

KOHTeKCTe gyugunicKoro TBopnecTBa.

H. HTaK, gcxoggoil 110CbIJIKOfi agang3a gonncgo CJIy)KHTb otieBviggoe HO-

noweame O TOM, IITO "Pa3roBop KggronpogaBga C nowom" co3gag HyLIIKHI1b1M

6ongwom ngTepaTypgom (pone. 3TOT cl)og npncyTcTByeT B "Pa3roBope" )113051KHM o6pa3OM: ABITO , Korga B TCKCTe 11y1IIKHIICKOM iipognegegrig yno-mgmuorcn HMeHa, cp.: "Jlopg Bailpon 6inn Toro >ge mgegbm, // )KyKOBCKH6 TO

>KC roBopgn", 1() n CKpbITO, Llepe3 JurrepaTypggie pemmigegeggng H 4113T0pCMH-

IIHC14C11 1414H, KoTopgie (PopmgpyioT accoggaTtmgo-gganorgnecKoe BocriprinTge OTACJIblIbIX CTI4X0B H MbICJICfi "Pa3roBopa". OCTaHOBIIMCSI riogpo6gee Ila Kanc-gom cnynae TaK041 aCC01414aTHBHO1i nepeKnagxg.

RBa HMeIIH , gamaggine B "Pa3roBope" — ACyKOBCKHil H ba6poII — oppm-11141-114anb110 Bancigi ARA aCTCTIltleCKOil Koggegggz Ammoni: 3T0 Koplupen pyccxoro H 3a11aRHOeBp011CrICK0f0 pomagm3ma, Binpan<egge pacgBeTa H

anoreg meToga, BJ1aCTHTeJIH gru ngTepaTypgoro 110KOJICIIHSI 1810-1820-x rr.

Ho3Tomy oco6eg1Io Ba)KHO 011pCACJI11Tb, KaK gmeggo Bxnionegne pemmig-

cuieggag H3 n033gn Bailpoga 14 )1(yxoBcKoro chnu(ggoggpyeT B acTeTgiiecKog

Koggenggg gganora.

06pa3 XyKOBCKOPO, ero pomaliTgnecKoil I103311 H, 6yKBaJIb110 BFITaCT HaR

"Pa3r0B0p0M KggronpogaBga c no3Tom"." 3agonro Jj0 TOPO, KaK ero HM54 6y-

ReT gpgmo yll0MgHyTO B pegnnKe KggrogpogaBga, pemmulcgegggn 143 00331411

XyKOBCK0r0 11051131151IOTC54 B pensmax flo3Ta. flpH 3TOM 01114 gmeloT 13 14A 14

CMbICJI He CTOJIbK0 OTJACJIblIbIX L414TaT, CKOJIbK0 Bocnpon313egegnsi CTHJI51, TCM,

I() nyllIKHH A. C. HOJIHOC co6paHHe C0411HCHIA. B 17 T. M.-11., AH CCCP, 1937-1949. T. 11, C. 326. 3a HCKIIIOneHHCM 0c066 OF0B0pCHliblX cslyHaeH TCKCTb1 ny111KHHa

ganee urrrnpykyrcH no :yromy maHnto c yKa3aHnem 'rolla — piimeKoti, eTpaHunbi — apa6cKai LIackpoi4 13 eKo6Kax.

Il 3Hecu oco6enno Ba)KHO nowleplcHyrb, ,-rro "Pwyronop..." Harmeau nyllIKIIHIAM

'I'OM >KC 1824 romy, KOF)W Bb1111.110 n cHer 3-e vr3HaHme c'rzurrnoperwri >KyKoecKoro,

3HameHytomee KoHeu, "ripezmyukecrBeHuo nopwiecKoro" aTana ero TBopqecTua.

Floc.ne 1824 r. >KyKoBcKiiii KaK n03T-JuipnK 3amonHan 6onee Hem Ha 6 ner, n e HaHana 1830-x rr. BXORHT BHOBb 13.nprrepaTypy KaK 3FIHK noBeurBoBaTe.nb.

"Paa2oftop Kinizonpoòum(a c noarnont" 69

MOTHBOB 14 1103TWICCKLIX npHemoB }KyKoBcxoro, yiumepcanbHo BOCIIpHIISITIAX

B nepsom motionore floaTa BOCCO3LIaeTC51 CB000611213HbIll CO-

614paTenbliblii 06JIHK 1103314H XYKOBCKOIO, ee o6wHil 3MOILHOHILTILH13111 TO11.

1ICl/Bb111 MOHOJIOI' II03Ta onpenenmeTcn Tknymz TemaTHHecxvimvi MOTHBIIMH:

BOCHOMHIIIIHH51 H THOWICCKOLO BROXII0BeI11451. IlpeCMCTBC11110CTb HyLLIKH1421 110

OTHOLIICHHIO K 1103314H )KyKOBCKOF0 3/ICCb OCO6CIIII0 aaxonomepna: 1103-

TWICCKHe 410pMyJIbIBocnomilHamln H TBOIVICCTBIl BHCp13131C OT/11111HCL FIMCI1110

B nilpHice XyKOBCKOLO, B ero 3CTeTIPICCKI4X maHHcl)ecTax 1818-1824 rr. OrropnBle cnoBa Troro mononora: traòedicòa, eòoxtweenue, yeòiioenue, 600-

6pamenue, eocnomuttamtsi, tne.milbdt KpOe, crtadKuri 20J10C — Bce 3T0 yaHa-Baemble 3JICI14 11eCKHe 1103T143Mb1 )1(yKOBCKOIO, aaxpennemune B

Tpannutni 3a ero 4103TVIIICCKFIM cninem H ero meTachopwlecKoll o6pa3-110CTb10. Onnaxo He cnynanno B 11CpBblil paa o6pa3 110331114 }KyKoBexoro B031111KaCT B "Paaronope" B cBoero porla CHJIaBe pemninicHeinwn H al3T0pCM11-

11HCLICHLI1411:

"Pa3rol3op... "

Tam )(0.11C sipKne BIBICHIDA

C HCIFTLACHIIMMO Kpacon

JieTann Ha» AIHOB

B uacbi wymoro BRoxnoBenbm!.. (11, 325)

">KyKoBcKomy" (1818)

Korga CAICHAFOTCA BIBICHI,51

nepeR TO6011 B BOJIIIIC6HOB MFUIC

11 6bicTpsl 1 xonojk BBOXHOBCHIAI

BBaChl noabemneT Ha gene... (11,59).

ACCOLIIIIITH13110C C001110111C1114C "PaaroBopa" C HylIIKIIIICKHM nocnannem "XyxoBcxomy" 1818 r. npvinaerr BceM cnenylouulm pemmincHennunm IICyJlO-BHMbIi'I OTTCIIOK 113/111KHIICKOr0 BocnpiHrrnsi: 06pa3 XyxoBcKoro 13 "Pa31'oBope

KnnronpoRanna C no3Tom" — 3T0 ',menu° 06pa3 ero 1103314H, cyLnecTnytonvii 13

TnopnecKom CO311,111111H Ilynumna. flapannenH C 1103311C1i XYKOISCKOr0 1303IIII-

KIIIOT 13 nepBom M0110.110re 1103111 neognoxpaTno n Ha pa31IbIX ypommx. )T0

MO)KCT 6bITh KOHLICHTpaLIFILI xapaxTeplumx MOTHI3013 110331414 }KyKOBCKOVO, 11IC

KIDIOIOC C110130 — 3KBN13aJICHTIIaA aameHa genoro cnixo'rBopennz 11J114

rpynnm cluxoTBopeluni XyxoBcx.oro:

BCC BOJIHOI3/1.TIO HCA<Fiblil yM:

1.1,Be9'ywytn myr, JlyHb1 CISHACTaHL,C,

B IIIICOBHC 13CTX0i1 6ypn wy1,

Grapywus gynnoe npeRanbe (II, 325).

"“BeTyakmi nyr — 3T0 Henpemeninnfi ann6yr 11011 3JICPHH 51(571(013CKOIO. B nepenocnom CMI,ICHC, KaK CHMBOJI mo.noRocTn

npexpacnores nponinoro, 3TOT o6pa3 B 3CTCTuriecKne mannchecTm

>KyKoncxoro — 3Ta rpallb COOTHCCCIIIIOCTII Texc-ra "PaaroBopa" c nnpuxoll )1(yxoBcxoro oco6enno Ba>xila, nocKonhxy anca, nannHo ne Tonbxo nepe-

70 0. E. Jle6eòeoa

KJIWIKa TeM H MOTHBOB, HO H *aHposhie accomHaHHH. Cp. "HeBbipaakimoe"

(1819): "KaK ripmeTerauee Heammo nyHoseHhe II OT nyra pOIC(14Hbb rje 6b1n

KOFAa-TO LweT..."; 12 "Piono6Hbill urger O arie" (1819); "H BHAHM Mbl BO-

o6paxceHbem II TOT esexcHil nyr, rne Mb1 gHenx..." (III, 37).

flyHa — 3TO He113MeHHbIll MOTHB nehaa*Hoti 1103314H XyKOBCKOTO, COOT-HOCSILLIHtiCSI B 3cTeninecicom CO3HaHHH ero coapememfincoa npenle acero e 6a.g.naphol H Asymst "OrrneTamll o arie"» "B nacome acrxoti 6yp1 inym" — 3TO KaK 6b1 e061IpaTenbHblil o6pa3 "eTpaumblx" 6annan AyHoscHoro. Cp.

"CHeTnaHa": "BOT B eTopoince BoHadi xpam // BilneH onHHoHHú; // Raepit BHXOpb orsopm..." (I, 69). HaKOHeI.I, CTHX "Grapyluni nynHoe npe)aHbe" ac-

0011,14aTHBHO COOTHeCeH C "BaJIJIaA011, B HoTopoft orifichinaeTcn, KaK onHa cTa-

pyuno exana Ha IlepHom HoHe HnHoem H KTO caae.n anepeam" (1814), xopomo 143BeCTHOP1 IlyIIIKHHy H BbICOKO neHHmoil Hm.I 4

HecHonbHo nanee, 011SITb Ha ypoune acconllagim, o6pa3 11033HH XyKoa-cKoro BO3HYIKaeT ilepe3 IICHOJIb30BaHlle ero piHimm:

"Pa3roBop..." "K BaTiowKony" (1812)

B rapmomm conepHHK MON

BbIJI wym BeCOB,11.11b B11X0pb 6yr1Hb119,

14J1b 41B0.11FH HaneB *11B011,

1/1.11b 140 ,11310 mopH ryn rnyx<311,

14nb wenoT pe4KI4 THxocTpyilHoil

(Il, 325).

14 wiwe oTpa*aer

3necb [m»! 6eperos

14cTo4wK TuxocTpyilHbdi;

311eCb KpOTOK 1311X0pb 6yNHbIN [...]

(I, 98)

12 *),KOBCKHiA B. A. FlonHoe co6pawle CCRINHeHIA. B 12 T. rIon pen. A. C. Apxau-

renbcKoro. cns. 1902. T. 11, c. 132. Ranee TeKCTIA *yKoncKoro nwrupyloTcs4 no

3Tomy 113)1aH1410 C yKa3armem Toma — pumcKoll, cTpaHHubi — apa6cKoil nuckpori B

CKO6KaX.

13 ROCTaT04H0 BC1-10MHWEb XOTA 6b1 3HaMeFINTbal nacca* Kloxenb6eKepa B ero era-

me "O HanpaBneuum HaweN no33HH, oco6eHHo nNpwIeCK0N, 13 nocnenHee necHTHne-

THe": "KapTimbi ne3ne oHHH H Te *e: nyHa, KoTopasi — paymeeTcH — yHbina H 6nenHa..."

(Kroxenb6eKep B. K. FlyreweeTane. RHeBHHK. CraTbH. Ilennirpan 1978, C. 456-457).

B KommurrapHmx B. )11,. PaKa 3T0T nacca* TpaleryeTcH KaK "...B OCHOBHOM, Hanagelme

Ha *yKoHcKoro" ('ram *e, e. 748 -749).

14 HecmoTpn Ha TO, 4T0 3Ta 6annana -blaa no 11,CH3ypHb1M 06CTOATeabCTBaM Hnep-

Hbie HanenaTaHa B 1831 r., FlyWKAH 661.11 3HaKOM C Hel0 paHbwe. TaK, 27 ~HA 1821 r.

OH nuweT H. 14. FHeawly: "C Herepnentem o*Nnalo W1411b0HCK010 y3HHKa; 3'1'0 He

vera LUMI N Rocroil'Ho TaKoro nepeHon4HKa, KaKOB nenen rpomo6oH H GrapywKH"

(XIII; 40).

"Pa3wHop Kinaorzpoòamga c noamodit"

71

Bo BTOpOM moHonore Ho3Ta BO3HHKalOT nepeKsiHnKH C 110CJIaHlICM )1(y-KOBCK0r0 "K KH. 13513eMCKOMy H Ilyiumnly" (1814). 15 XapaKTepHo, TITO

B 3THX pemnHHeneHninix acTeTntlecKam KoHnerinHH IloaTa nosopannBaeTcm HoBon rpaHmo: BO BTOpOM moHonore peni. HneT y>Ke He O TBopneerBe, KaK 06

opraminHom COCTORHHH 1103Ta, a 06 OTH0111e1114S1X 1103Ta C oftnecTBom. H 3nech TO*C HyllIKHHCKHA "Pa3roBop" o6HappKinmeT npeemcgmeHnoeTb HO

OTHOIlleHHIO K 1103314H XyKOBCKOPO:

"Pa3roBop..." "K KH. 13A3CMCKOMy H B. nywioiy-

B.T1a*CH, KTO npo ce6m Takin flyuni BbICOKHe CO3)IBH6S1

14 OT KaK OT monin I-le )4q 3a tiyesc•Bo B03)Ia1H651!

(I l, 326)

Ero 6na*enerBo npnmo c He6a;

OH 14M FIC ACJIIITCA C Tonna! L.] EMy nH c nnametwoil nywoii

11JI0)1b1cBsyroro BROXHOBeHbA

K ora X0.110)111b1X noBepram 14 Ha KoneHmx o*FiBaTb OT HeROCT01113b1X ono6peribg? (Il, 46)

K 3TOMy ace 110CIlaHHIO XyKoBcKoro BOCX0AHT 14 o6pa3 "l'ernia CJIa131.1",

B03HHKalOCHHil BO BTOpOM moHonore nO3Ta. He cnynanHo 3TO HHTCHCHBH0e

HarHeTaHHe acconmipylotmxesi C .11HpHKOti )KyKOBCKOPO MOTHBOB H o6pa3on, HaKoHen, pa3peameTcH npsimbim yKa3aHnem Ha HCTOT1H14K MHp0B033pC111451

Ho3Ta: "JI0pA Ballp0H 6b1J1 TOPO >Ke mHeHLH, // }KyKOBCKH11 TO >Ke roBopm" (Il, 326). HpoHHHaTenbHoerb KHHronponaBna nepeBonHT acconnamBnocm B

HarnsinHocm, CKpbITbIe pemHHHcneHnHH BbIBOWITC54 3T0fi penJIHKoh Ha HO-

BepXHOCTb. B ganbileinnem TCtIeHHi3 nmanora BbISIBIIACTCSI une °Alia rpaHL. c6JHDKeHaH H0314H1414 Ho3Ta C 3CTeTHKOA )KyKOBCKOPO:

"Pa3roBop..."

KrunonpoòuHei(

XBana Ansi Bac — 110KyIlHb111 3BOH [...1 (11, 327)

Tenepb, OCTaBSIwymHbul cHer. 14 My3, H BerrpeBylo mony

1436epere Bbi?

floarn

CBo6ogy (11, 329).

"K KH. B513eMCKOMy H B. JI. Ilynomy"

XBana — ryn wymnbnl H HeBHA•Hb1i1;

Flogane Tonnbi cyneil!

110Ka Mbl HC cmewanHcb C CBo6ona npyr Bam 6narona'rnbin.

(11, 46).

15 31.0'1' KOMILTIOKC peMHHHCLIpHtl,Hil FlyWKIllia H3 >KyKOBCK0r0 oTmenen li. M. Ce-

MCHKO 13 ee KH.: )KH3Hb H 11033HZ B. A. )KyKOBCK0r0. MOCKBa 1975, c. 134-136.

72

O. E. .17c6eàe«a

TaKHM o6pa3om, pem11H11cnengin4 113 .1111p111(14 XyKOBCKOPO BbI511311RIOT Ogny 113 rpanen TOÌi acTemnecKA xongengna, xoTopan cPopmnpyeTcsi B Bganore. HeTpymo 3aMeTHTb, TITO Bce accognammusie nepemingm C 1114p14K0A )KyKOB-

cxoro conemKaTcx TOJIbKO B penn flowa, KOT0p0A CBOACTBCH nanpsDKemmiti, BO3BbIlLICHIIbI1i nacpoc 14HT0HaH1414 11 unnep6onn3agn11 nyBcTBa. ,Ila>xe B 110-

cneAHeil pemmincgengna, no-Bignmomy C13513aHHO1l C pegmo Km4ronponaBga, Bce-Tam nomminpyeT amognonanimaz ogelixa no3Ta: "XBana n.rui Bac Roxyg-HbIn 3BOH". A CHOBO "cBo6ona" B ycTax 1103Ta, no cripaBensmomy aamena-Ino Bonaposa, "3By'IHT a6C01110THO H ne3anucilmo" 16 — T. e. HMCHHO TaK, KaK

0110 H )110J1)KHO aBynam B yeTax "1103Ta nn51 CC654", 1 omepraioinero sno6ylo narpany aa cBoe TBOWICCTBO. HHbIMH CJI0BaMH, B1110XHOBCHH0e, TBOp'IeCKOe, miecognanbnoe, cBsmargwe C BegHbIMH TanncTBamn TBopnecxoro npogecca nagano 3CTeTWICCKOfi KOHHCHHHH "Pa3P0B0pa" cKnanbmaeTc2 B onenb 6onb- inon epe no ananornli C MOTHBaMH 11 o6pa3amn pomanTnnecKA sinpllm )1{y- KOBCK01-'0, nepeno>mmueg 3aK0I1b1 1103T11'ICCKOPO BROXII0Bel1H51 na 5131,1K 1103-

31114. HO 11011HOTa 3CTeTWICCKOfi Kongengnn "PaaroBopa" IIe uctieprunBaeTcg C6JI 14>KellHHMH C )KyKOBCKHM. BOJ1CC TOPO, 3TH C6J114>KCIIHH KoppexTupylorrcsi, nOnOn115110TC51, a B TICM-TO 11 onposepragncx npyrnmn rpaimmn nnTepaTypnoro

KOTOpOM cylnecTByeT 11y111KHHCKHA acTeTznecmil magpecT. 13Topoe HM51, ynommaemoe B TCKCTe "PaaroBopa" B CI3513H C B31'11 51T1aMH

1103Ta — HMH Bafip01111. KaK 11 XyKOBCKIA, Bailpon ynOMIngleTCSI B CB51 314 C

onpenenenumm MOTHBOM acTeTnnecKoro manpgpecTa: 110 noBony mneigni 1103- Ta o cnaBe. Ho 3111eCh ananorng oxa3bmaeTc2 H 601Iee orpanngennon (KOH-

KpeTlIbIM MOTHBOM CJ1aBbl, Torna KaK C6.1114>KCIIHR C XyKOBCKHM oxBaTbmagrr HpaKTWICCKH BCC BbICKa3bIBaHHH H03Ta Kpome 3aK1110 11HTelIb1 1011 pennnm), H

6o.nee cno>mofi 1I0 CBOell xyno>KecTBennoti npupone. Ananornn C Bartponom —3T0 ynono6nen11e JI 14111b B KOHC'IHOM cneTe: coBnanan 110 cmmcny, BbICK11 3b1-

BaHHH FloaTa peaxo pa3FISITCH C 6ailponoBcmm11 110 Tony. Cp.:

16 n u0 , IapOB C. r. "CB060)111" 11"c4acTbe" n 110331414 Fly111KHEla JJ np06BeMbl F1031111:31

H vicTopvin nviTepaTyphi (MopgoBcbmil rocyRapcmeimbiii yvinBepcnTeT 411■1. H. n. Ora-

peBa). CapaucK 1973, c. 153.

17 Cp. 0;1111-1 113 1 iepuoBbix BapHavrroB nepBoro movionora FlogTa: "MeHA ne 3Han B TO

Bpemvi CBCT, / Ho MI-IC 13Finktana BCSI npvipoga, / BovicTimy A 6131J1 1103T, / Ho ASIA CC651, He

Hapona" (Il, 838). 3To meTHepocTuunie c oco6eHHol 0 1 1C131111FIOCT61O Bbipa>KaeT

pomavriTmecKyto 311MKHyTOCTb Ilo.yra, ero HamepeHHoe oRviviwiecmo cpeRn

TaK/12 1103~12, lieCOMileHHO, c6.nvi>KaeTcsi C THomecKai KOH11C1111TRA >KyKoBcKoro,

Bbipa>KeHHoil Ha3B/IFIIICM 0)1HOTO 1,13 ero 1103TWICCKUX C6OpHliK013: "Fuer Wenige. RASI

HemHormx", H euke pa3 nowiepKvioaeT pomaHTwiecKylo oRviocTopoHHocTi, mnpoBo3-

3pemim FloaTa B viaganbuoll cJa3e iiiHanora.

"Paaumop Krutumpoòwnw e noatrumi"

73

£10H )KyaH (f1CCHb I, c. 218)

06MaW11413C11 H CHOB HaRC)K)11,1,

LITO cnaea? menu!' no Trena'?

FOHCHbe JIL3 HIE3K0r0 HCBC*I1b1?-

Vini, Bonn:ber-me rnynna?

326)

B mem cnana? B 'l'OM, 4T06 HMCHCM CBOHM

CT011611,b1 rwier 3a1101111 11Tb nonnomee

MTO C11a13a? flpocTo X011m, a mbl cneurprm

)11,o6pamcsi )p BCp111 11Hbl nocKopee.

Mbl 1111111CM, noyHaem, ronopirm,

JloMacM K011 1351 11 nomaem (nem.

111'06 nocne Haureil cmepm nommin CBCT

(-13amlinmo m 11110XOHLKI1ii nopTpeT.

1-IAJI0MHIP4CCTBO IlatinbR-Faponwra (rrecHb III, c. 112).

He gymailTe, 4T0 :yro BCC — cnona,

flpHem nwrepaTypHbul, o6pamneHbe

fleTsuubix cucH, HaMC'ICHHIAX e)1Ha,

KapTHH, 3arreHaTnefflibix mia' 13 )1B11>KCHE,C,

1-1T06 nbrinftri, 13 413CM TO cepArre BOCX11 111,CHbe;

He'r, cnarra — 3TO mono)rocm 601-

A RJ1S3 MCHA — '-rro 6parib, 110 og06peribe,

MHe 6C:313213.11 11 ,1HO. TaK cygrin M011 poK: 18

KaK niffillo, ?Anelarsi Ily1IIKIIIICKOPO n03Ta H Balipona coBnaBaloT TOJIbKO

13 camom 06mem cBoem cogepAcaunn — o'rpemeriviN OT cnaBbr, ochopmneno >KC

3TO oTpegeBne coBepinemio no-panomy. HaripsDKemiaz 3M(!)aTHKa, I la 111,13b1-

13 1.1H11C B011POCHTCJIblIbIX Konerrpyxullil B peLIH HyI11KHIICKOPO nO9Ta xapaic-

TcpmyloT npvinowurrourb, runep6anw110u1'b ero ilyBosa. A peqb I1013CCTB0-

15 11TCBSI y Baiiporra — Tro K11K 6bl MlielHHC 1103Ta, 13 BICK113aII110C ycl'amit

KiinroripoRaBga e. ero Tpe3Ho6 norilKori, e ilapo<rwro 61,1roB011 TpaierommI BO-

313131111e111 IbIX AyX0BlIbIX KaTCrOplIPI. , C BKJI 10 1 1C1111CN1 11p0311113MOB 13 CT1IXOT130p-

iiyio peqh. TaKllm o6pa3om, peMIIIIIICAC1110142 113 Ba6pona B TCKCTC "Pi131'0-

B0p11" HrpaeT ponb cH513yroursero 3BC11 11 me>Kgy 1103111B151M11 n091'11 n K1 I 11

ripogaBna: Tro HACOJI 0131>1 ficxra, 13 BICK113b1 13 11CM11S1 13 CTIE1C, BpBcymem

KBuronpoBanky. H poJIb 3TOPI pemuimcgeBBBB 9pC3Bbl'Ulf1110 1311>KI111: 6naro-

Bapsi JurrepaTypnofi acconfflauffil no-BBABmomy BllameTpanhno upomBoBono>k-

Baupou p, . E. Co6paHne coHrmeHriii. B 4 TI'. M. 1981. T. 1, C. 110. T. 2, C. 31.

NICHHO 73T11 urpocpbt Bairporia 111311110)1ATCA B nappnnenb 13bICKW313113aH11 FO Ily111K11H-

CKOF0 1103Ta 13 KOMN1CHTapPIAX K )10pCBOJIK-111,410HHbIN1 aKaReAlIVICCKI1N1 113)1aHHAM (CM.

npumeHaHrte 2).

3a6bn' J111, HC 3a6bIT — A Hcro;ry 01111HOK.

74 0. E. Jle6eòeau

Hble 1103111H4H nO3Ta 14 Kmironpoiialina OKa3b1BaIOTCH BApyr C61114)Ke1lb1: CTHX14

H npoaa (He KaK nirrepaTypnbie il)opmbi, a KaK chopmm mnpolio33peim2) wApyr nepecexamcst B o6igeti TOHKC, oKaahnialoTcz CTORb pa3JIWIHbl mew co6oh". H 3Ta aCCOIAHaTHBHOCTb BHOBb, 6.1aTOTkapfl 11p0H1414aTWILMOCTI4 KHHTO

HpoAaaHa, nepeuomiTca B narnsmnocm. B ero pennyuce, KaK 6b1 npeRueuiaio-uieri licxopt iinanora:

florm BailpoH 6bin Toro *e MHOH62;

)KyKOBCKHH TO )1(e rosopitn; Ho CBOT y3Han B pacxymin 14x c.riaikKo3ey4libie TBOpeHb51(11, 326).

TaKHM o6pnom, B 6aiip0HoHcKux pemwmcgemytax Hamelaercz, HO HpHH-willy HO3THHCCKOPI accomaw4H, ente ogHa cymecTneimaz rpanb 3cTeTimecKoil komiernimi "Pa3roBopa", a IIMeHHO, BO3MO)KHOCTb AHamora 11pOTHBOHOHONCHbIX

3CTeTHIleCKHX 110314L H1 , He oTplinalounix, a AOHOJIIISIKHHHX °Alia Apyryio. B peaynbTaTe nacTipmoro nepecenemisi pa3HbIX Tomei( velina nO3Ta H KHH-

ronpowuma B IlyLLIKHHCKOM Ananore BoapacTaeT 061"THBHOCTb TpaKTOBK14

npo6nemm nocyccTlia, ero mecTa B )KH3HH Tuopsniero ero nenoseica 14 ero po-JIH B oaliecTue.

B 3TOM acnelere mpeubmatiHo 3Hanveda AllanorkinecKaz chopma, KoTopylo flyinKHH HpHAan cHoemy npoH3HeAeHmo: OHa HBJI HeTCH rny6oko xyAwkecT-Beimo-coRemaTenbiloil, 1160 onpeiimeninaeT caM HpHHHHH cooTHomeHml Asyx HbipawaloigHxcm B "Pa3roBope" Barnmaon, He Baanmoncknionaionnix, a mia-nornanpyionnix. Yxte cospemeHHHKH nyllIKI4Ha OTMCIallH B CID:13H C imanorn- Tieckofi chopmoil "Pa3roBopa" eine °Any rpanb ero nnTepaTypnoil accomuni- IIHOCTIA: B CBOCM "B31'.71HRe Ha pycciquo C.T1013eCHOCTb B Tellemie 1824 H B Ha-

nane 1825 roTkoH" A. A. Becrry*es Ha3Ba.TI "Pa3roBop KluaronpoRaHua C 1103-

TOM" "CllaCTJIHBbIM noApa)kamiem FeTe",I 9 Hmest B Himy "np0J101' B TeaTpe", HepBbliI nponor K Apame FeTe "01)aycT".

Ilyuncimy 6eccriopno 6bin 3HaK0M 3TOT nponor: oilmi 143 CTHXOB ero: "Gib meine Jugend mir zuruck" (")Jmi 10HOCTH modi' HepHH") OH Hamepemuicsi no-

CTaBHTb amirpachom K cnoeil noame "Kankaacicifi mummie'. H aamenelmaz BecTywenbim napansienb TeM 6onee BepHíl, SITO "Pa3roBop KmironpoAanna C

HO3TOM", npvi clioefi nepBo1i ny6mixa11in TO)Ke Bb1110111151J1 p011b Hposiora B

mikamin neplion rnaBbl "Euremia Onermia".

"IIponor B reaTpe" y FeTe CTp0HTCH KaK pa3roHop nO3Ta, AnpeKTopa 14

Komimeckoro Awrepa; npeAmeTom o6cy31qielia B nem TO)Ke H13.11HOTCH npo-

1 9 FlonsipHaz 313e3ika Ha 1825 r. // lionzpHasi nema, rrigaimasi A. BecTy*eebim H K. PbineeBbim (Ceppig .11wrepaTyplibie HaMATHHKH). M.-J1. 1960, c. 494.

"Pa3zoaop Kminonpoòuom c noamom"

75

6JIeMa 3B1314CHMOCTH 14 HeaaHHcHmocTH noaTmlecKoro THoptiecTHa, Hhipaxouo-inaHcH B 110HbITKBX AHNKTON H KomHilecitoro aKTepa 110CHFHyTb Ha Hoo6pa-)KeHHe 11 eao6oHy TaoptieeTHa flo3Ta:

,attpeKmop

Hacyirre BCAK011 BCAMHHbl B KopMe)KKy: HCMHO>KKO *H3H11, BblAyMKH HeMHO*KO;

BaM ygaercn aToT Bruk pary.

Tonna H 'Fax Bce npertpaTHT B oxpowKy, 51 RaTb coHer BaM nriffiHú He mory

Co6cno yHOCHHA HC60*HTeJlb,

CrlyCTHTeCb BHH3 Ha 3eM11/0 C 06.flaKOB!

Flo6nrpKe npucmoTpwrecb: levo Baw 3pHTellb?

OH paHHonyweH, rpy6 H 6CCTOJ1KOB...

A ecnvi Tax, A He wyrn RHBJ1K)Cb:

K Hemy 6e3 no.nbui mrarrb 6embix My3?

Kom tie-C/ali', atiMep

B cornacbe C BeKOM 6b1Ib He Tal( y>K MCAKO.

BOCTOKH HOKOACHbA — He 6e3ACJIKa,

Ha ymige HX HC HabeWb.

ToT, KTO K Kanprntam ny6numi He rnyx,

OTHOCHTCA K Hai 6e3 npegy6enmeHb5 [...]

3alltarrecb Haunim nenom BROXHOBCHbA

TaK, Kat( HeRyr nio6ombie 14ena. 2()

3Tomy npoaaHamy AePICTBI4TeJlbH0 MepKaHTHJIbH0F0 OTHOLLICIIIIA K HcKye-CTBy 14 11011bITKBM COFABCHO Hxyeam Ily611 14K11 pernameHTHposaTb eso6oHy 1103-

TvinecKoro TBop'IeCTBa H 11B13513aTb 1103Ty He TOBbK0 Tembi ero, HO H chopmbi, 11pOTHBOCTOHT HallpSDKCHHO-B03BbILIICIIHIA nacboc noaTunecKoro Ml1p0B03-

3pemn:

Main

He roHorm MHC O Tonne, HOBHHH011

B Tom, wro npen HeII Hac oToponb 6eper.

OHa 3acacbmaer, KaK TpsicHHa,

3a1prnmaer, KaK BOROB0p0T.

Her, yHenvi meHn Ha Te BCpWHHbl,

Kyaa cocpencrroneHHoerb 30130'.

20 FCTC Y1. B. elmyer. flepeHon B. TlaerepHaxa. MocKBa 1969, c. 36-38, 21.

76

O. E. JlefiMeau

Ty)1a, FRe 605Kbelí CO3RaHbl pyK010 06nTenb rpe3, cBgnunnwe noxosi [...]. 21

Ha I1CpBbIti B3P.TISIA, coRemanne reTeBcKoro nponora tipenbinanno 61114-

31(0 nyun(vmeKomy "Pa3roBopy". B 06014x TeKeTax KaK 6yATO eTasnomaioTez B03Bbnnennoe 14 mepxanTnnbnoe nanana, eBo6ona no3Tnneeicoro TBopneeTBa 14 HCKyCCTBO, eny>Kainee myeam TOJI111,1, BO3HHKaCT Ta Nze npo6nema COOTHO-

mem433 1111aTb1 H BnoxnoBennn, TOJII1b1 14 TBOWICCKOPI .1114'1110CT14, peann3yeTen BCe aTO B TOIi )1CC (hopme CTHXOTB0p1101'0 nnanora (xori y FeTe BeTynaioT B

Iler0 3 nenoBeKa, BUJISIAbl RupexTopa H KOMIIIIeCK0F0 AKTepa TO)K11(eCT-

BCHHbl, a II03T npoTHBonoeTaBnen nM 060nm). Onnaxo 3a HCKJIIOTICIIHeM no-enennero nyinera C61111)KCHHSI, 9TO CXOTICTBO — noBepxlioeTnoe. HpninAnnuanb-naz HOB1431Ia HyllIKHIICK0F0 "Pa3ronopa" onpenenneTen eoomennennem Tonex 3pe1Ivm ero ynaeTnrwoB. Y FeTe ,Bnpeicrop H KOMPIneCKHil AKTep npeTen-mimi. Ha BJIaCTb nan BROXII0BCHHCM 1103Ta, gaRirr emy 3aKa3, o6elnam 3a

nono renne ero narpany. Y Hyuncina xce, n0 rny6oxo enpaBegannomy 3ame-T1mulo SI. m. IeBKOBHt1, "KunronponaBen npu3naBan 13b1COKOC npenna3nane-

1109T21 11 noxynan roToByio pyKonneb; T. C., naeTaBann no3Ta iIa nyTb npo(peeenonann3ma H Bnynian emy npaxTmun3m, oH He 11005111111 IIa ero TBop-neexylo eB06ony". 22 TaKHM o6pa3om, CCI1H y re't'e npenmeTom rropra CTa110-

BlITC51 nenpona>Knoe BnoxnoBenne, TO y Flynnuma 9TO — pyxonneb, 11110A uno-xnoBennsi, eBoeo6pa3nmil nponywr Tpyna, nmeknnnti y)Ke CaMOCTOSITC1113110C

eymeeTBoBanne H OTACJIHBIIIHfiC51 OT cnoero TBopna. Pa3nnna — npunnn-Inlanblian H 03 1CBH)1111a51.

H BCC >KC PCTCBCKHil nponor, 6CCC110p110, 5413HJICSI HCT0 1 11111KOM pemmin-enelinnù 13 11y1IIKHIICKOM "Pa3r0B0pe", TOJIbK0 eam THII pemminenempin B 3TOM

enynae y›Ke npyron: )TO ne CT01113K0 IIFITa1j1451 111114 nepeKinnixa MOTHBOB, TCM,

o6pa3oB nByx npoz3Begenni1, CKOJIbKO nenonh3oBanne eamoro npmignna CO- H

npomBonoeTaBnennz UTHX MOTHBOB, 'I'CM H o6pa3oB: Boenponmenenne nkla-nornneexon (popmlit nposiora FeTe: "FeTe noneKa3an Flynnainy oennnri 3amin-een "Pa3roBopa KiivironpoTkaBga C II03TOM": nnenennpoma nono61Ioro pa3ro-Bopa MC>KRy 1103TOM 11 npennprinmaTenem, 11pOTHBOHOCTaBJI 5110111CUO glICTOC

B0313131111CIIII0e 13110X11013eHHC HO3Ta npaxTnnn3my JinTepaTypnoro 'munta, nana 6bina FeTe 13 nepBoM nponore K "(I)ayeTy". 23 T. O., COOTHOHICIIIIC "Pa3ro-

21 TaM c. 36. 22 Ilel3KOBli4 A. A. Ha6pocioi nocnafflu O ripoikon>KeHiiii "EBreiiptsi 0Herinia" //

CTIIXOTB0pCHHA FlyllIKIIHa 1820-1830-x roRoB. AenkifirpaR 1974, c. 270.

23 ›KiiprykyHcKori B. M. FlylllK11H furreparypb] II nytimum. BpCMCHHIIK

FlyLLIKHHCKOil KOMPICC1111. T.. 3. M.41. 1987, c. 96.

"Paaugtop Knu2ortpoòamia C neamom" 77

BOpa" 14 "Ilposiora B TeaTpe" moilmo oripegenrim xax pemmillcueiiilmo Ha ypOBHe cnywrypm, ripwiem cnop B3a1IMOHCKJIIOna 1011141X Tomei( 3peHrin FeTe FlyruxHri riepeBogHT B nogsnrillio grianorriliecxylo HJIOCKOCTb , cguiraz geHTp THil<ecTri c ripo6geMbi cHo6ogbi BrioxHoBermil Ha npo6nemy ripogyieTa II03TH-

necKoro Tpyka.

CpaBHeHile "Pa3roBopa xrairoripogaBila c noaTom" e ripoir3BegeHHilmil H 1103111 neCKHMI4 cilcTemamir, COCTaB11111011IHM14 ero nirTepaTypiimil (pori, gemori-cTpilpyeT pa3Hoo6pa3He 14 mHorochymcilviorianbliocm nyancruicxoro npllema nwrepaTypHoil pemilililcHeHiliril: npocTail alianormil, arianortiil cogepilaHriz npil pa3HOCT14 rhopmm, aHanorHil chopmbi ripH pa3110eT11 cogepilcamili — BCe 3T0

14e06bIKII0BeHHO Bb1nyKJ10 npegeTaanileT rparivi riyurximexoro HoBaTopcma B

ilcaHpe nuTepaTypHoro 3cTeTriliecxoro maiiHrbecTa. Ho camoe mamme — peceneiiHe 14 B3aHmoge1icTBHe B "Pa3roBope" milo>ilecTBa niTrepaTypHbix pe-mirriilcueHilHil oco6eHHo oxieBilgrio BLISIBJI1leT 061,CMHOCTb 14 HOB1431Iy nyuncur-cxoil 3CTeTI4 tIeCK011 KOHne11411414, He cormagaiorileil AO Koirila Hil C °moli 143

ripoananil3ilpoBaHHBix BbI111e. M110)1(eCTBellHOCTb TOneK 3pe1mil, ripegcTa-BneliliblX He TOJIbK0 riacTHrixamil Hyruxmicrcoro gilanora, HO 14 CJIWKII0 COOT-

IIOCSIIIIHMHCH C HX B3rn1gamil nviTepaTypiimmll accomailirilmil, o6ecrienriBaeT Bucavi° 06"beKTPIBIIOCTb B HcenegoBaiiHil 3cTeTvillecxofi ripo6nembi.

Ilp14 3TOM opHrillianbrimil HyLIIKHIICKI4i1 BUJIS111, KaK MbI IILITaJIHCb 3T()

IIOKa3aTb, OTI11011b ne nporiagaeT 3a aHasiormilmil H HpOTHBOI1OCTaBIIeH1451M11,

HanpoTHB, OH HMH nognepxilyT H B0141101.11aeTCSI BO MHOPOM 6.11ar0Rap51 JIH-

TepaTypnon acconnambllocT14 BOCI1pHRTHSI IlyITIKIIIICKHX TeKCTOB. Onenb TO 11-

HO 3Ty oco6eraiocm THoptiecxoro c03Ha1mil Hyunonia onperienileT H. M. Ce-meinw: "3T0 CB113/1110 C cooTHouleililem B THopliecTBe HyrnKrula onemenToB H rregoro. ARA Hyunerria OneHb xapaxTepno o6paureinre K FOT013bIM chopmy-nam', 14 ripH 3TOM 3Haiie1ile KoriTexcTa, ne.110r0, B ero 1103314H orpomilo. Oco-6eHHo Hwrepeciim cnynaH, KorAa Bocxogilurviil K ripegureemenimxy 06pa3 coxpailileT CBOn cmbicn H 1103TWIeCKIIn KOJI0pHT, CT11110BSICb 01111011 143 rpaileil pacKpbiBaeMoro Flynixilmim comaimil menoBexa. 24 "Pa3roBop xilirronpogaBila C HO3TOM", C ero CI10>KHO opratiil3oBa11110il aCCOIIHaTHBHOCTb10 — nytimee Tomy nogTHepilcgeinre.

III. IIIHp0K0e HCII0J1b30Bal1He awrogriTaT H anTopemrilivicilemrHil — npHeM, Onellb xapaxTeplibiil THoptiecnia Hyluxima riepiloga ioilmoil CCIAJIK11.

24 CeMeHKO Il. M. )KH3Hb H 110331151 B.A. ›KyKOBCKOFO. MOCKBa 1975, C. 140-141.

78 0. E. J7e6eòema

Bocxonisunag K 1103THKe 3CTeTIVICCKHX maHHcpecToB XyKOBCK0F0,25 aBTO-

pemimmcgempisi B THopnecTse HyluxHila CTaHOBIITCSI cpencTnom coi-Jim:melma pa3HbIX 1103T1IneCKIIX TOHaIII,HOCTCA, chopmon HX oprammecxoro CIIHTC3a,

CH00060M CO311aHH51 IIeJIOCTHOil KapTHHbI ACUMI B ee 11pOTHBOHOJIODKHOCTSIX.

"Pa3roBop mulronpoRaBna C 1103TOM" — cBoeo6pa3HaI Ky.11E.MHHal111H 3TOPO

npHema B nepBoil 110J10BHHe 1820-x roAon. 3Ta nevra 1103THK11 Ily111KHHCKOPO

acTeTHnecxoro maHHcPecTa npsimo H KOCBCHHO oTmenanacb 110 1ITH BCCMH

HCCIICA0BaTeJISIMH, TaK HJIH HHane o6painaBuiHmHca K "Pa3roBopy".

HO CBOHM C11yHK111131M B "Pa3roBope" aBTopemHHHcnemnin, KaK OJAHO 143

iIaCTHbIX npoanneHnil peMHHHCneHTHOCTH Boo6We, Toxce ytiacTByeT B cpopmm-poBankm o61íje11 acTeTwtecxon xoHnennini npoH3BeRemn. Ho HpHHaRne*- HOCTb TeKCTOB — HCTOIIHHKOB peMHHHCI1e11111411 camomy Hynne4Hy 3acTaBsineT yBibleTb B HHX He npocTo 061.eKT C6J114)KeH1111 HJIH OTTaJIKHBa111451: HMCHHO aB- TOpeMHHHCHeHTHOCTb TexcTa onpenenneT lICROCTHOCTI, ero acTeTHnecKon xoHneninin H npHHanne*HocTb ee camomy Hyunomy. B 3TOM 11.11aHe npl4H-nHnHanbHo Ba*Ho Ha6nioTkeHHe, BocxoAsinkee K pa6oTe E. B. TomatueBexoro H nonTBep*neHHoe ApyrnmH HccneAoHaTenamH: "KHHronponaBen H 1103T o6a BLICKa3b113a1OT MbICJIH 11)311KHHa — Te MbICJIH, xoTopme CTaJIKHBaJIHCb B co3Ha-HHH Hyunama. Ilyunoni o6iexTHBHpyeT 3ReCb CBOil InlyTpeHHHil KOHCIMIHKT,

He coBnanasi HH C OTIIIHM 113 repoes-aHTaromicToB "Pa3roBopa". XyAWKeCT-

BCHHOC peineHme naHo B Allanore Ilyunania Tax*e nHanexTvinecma: npOTH-

BOHOCTaBJIeHHeM HX". 26 ECJIH C nepBoil naCTbK) 3TOPO cy*neHH2 MO)KHO CO

rnacmTbca 6e3OPOB0p0IIHO, TO BTOpaH, B KOTOpOPI TpaJAHLIHOHHO 11pOTHB0110-

CTaBJ15110TCSI, ripmem aHTaromcninecxH, 1103141111H H03Ta H KHHronpoAanna, Bb13b1BaeT coMHeHHe. Honpo6yeM pa3o6paTbcm B HCTH1IHOM COOTHOILICHHH

3THX HO3H11Hrl, rip0aHanH3HpoBas HyllIKHHCKHC asTopemHHHcneHnI4H.

14 nepBan *e, caman apKai B TexcTe "Pa3roBopa", aBTopemHHHcneHHHn cepbe3Ho yCJI0)10151eT OAHOCTOpOHHIOIO TpaxToBxy 3CTeTHIIeCKOfi 1103HI1H14

Ilo3Ta KaK 1103141111H 3amxHyBn1erocst B CBOCM BHyTpeiniem mHpe pomaHTaxa. HMeHHO 3Ta nepBaH asTopemHHHcneHHHa cBsiumaeT "Pa3roBop" c airrHpo-MIIHTFIlIeCKHM ",LkeMOHOM":

"Paaroaop..." "Remoa" (1823)

KaKoil 'I'o gemo]] o6nagan

LiaCbl ameacik 14 aacnameamit MOHMH iirpamu, Rocyrom;

TOCK0171 aaeaanaoil OCCHH,

3a maoti noaciogy OH neran, TO1-91a KaKcal-To 3J106Hbl1%I

25 CM. 06 3TOM: SlaywKeanq A. C. 3Taribi H npo6nembi TBOpMeCKOil 3130J1F0H1111 B. A. ›KyKoacKoro. TOMCK 1985, c. 131-156.

26 <13eitH6epr 14. J1. Llwrast Terpam rlywKima. MocKBa 1905, c. 437.

"Pa32aeop Ki-tuzonpoòumw c noamom" 79

MHC 313yK41 MI:1HW wenTan, CTan Ta11HO HaBemaTb MCHA...

14 TAAOCHM, rimmel-H-om Henyrom

(Il, 299)

Burla nonHa mon rnaBa...(I1, 325)

HecoMHeHHa 14 nepeKnwixa woro cPparmeHTa "Pa3roBopa" c tiepHoHmm CTIIXOTB0pCHHCM "Eb1Ba110, B enamcom ocneruieHbe (1823), HBJISIK)11.114MC51

cHoeo6pa3Hoil 1103TilneCK011 3aFOTOBKOH THISIRHyx CTIIXOTB0pCHIHI 1823 roRa, B

KOTOpb1X Kp11314C MIlp0B033pe111451 Hhipa3macm oco6eHno OTLIeT.T1HBO: "CB060AbI

cewremb HyCTIAHIlblfi" H "ReMOH",27 ep.:

Moe 6ecne4Hoe He3HaHbe

IlyxaBbiri JkCMOH BO3Myl'HA,

IfloH moe eymecTBoBanbe

C CBOIIM HaBCK COCJIHHHJI (II, 293).

Bonee Toro, 3Ta CBSI3b 3CTeT11 ,1eCKOPO maimpecTa flyuncHHa c ero 1114p11-

KOti, Hmemaketi ymmepeasibmAil mHpoHo33peHileexml CMbICJI, 3axpennneTen 13

TeKCTC "Pa3roBopa" eine pa3, CB513bIBa1 ero TpoilHoil awroHHTaToil He TOSILKO

CO CTHXOTBOpeHHCM "Bbmano, B enagKom oe.newneHbH", Ho H e noenauxem [B.€13. Paemcomy] (1822), B KOTOpOM HnepHbie HaMeTHJIHCb MOTHBbI Kpllallea

Ampono33pemm. Cp.:

"Pa3roBop..." [B. PaeBeKomy]

K oemy, HeCgaCTHblii, A cTpemuncn?

Flpen }cervi ymnann ropnbni yM?

KOFO BocToprom mocTux nym

BOFOTBONIT6 He yCTbIJIII.IICA? (11, 327)

1-ITO A< Bonen 13 HeM Cieaymen mononon,

Mero ocKan, K oemy eTpemonen,

KOFO )K, KOFO B0:113HIlleHHOil nywofi

BOFOTB0pHTb He FIOCTIARIIIICH? (II, 266)

"BbIBA.I10, B cnagKom OCJICELTIeHbH"

Mero, meoTaTenb mononon,

Thl B HeM HCKan, K 4eMy ememoncm,

Koro BOCTOpKeHHOil nywoil

BOFOTB0p1I'1'b He yeTbi)kanesi? (11, 293)

3Tx tICTBepOCTI411111S1 OTHOCSITCH K ripewneemyxmgvim HM o6o3penmam

HepapumecKoti uncanbi geHHoeTeti: "14 CBCT, H )1(14311b, 14 gpy)K6y, 11 S11060Bb"

([B.(1). PaeHeKomyll, "B3rnsmysi Ha MHp 51 B30p0M 51ClIbIM" ("Emuli°, 13 C.1141-

Kom ocnennem,H"). B "Pa3roBope" awropemHHHeHeHTHoe neTHepocimume

27 Cm. 06 3TOM: MenneneBa 14. H. 17yLLIKVIHCKIII4 anervim 1820-x ronoB H "LeMOH " , C. 51-71.

80 0. 5. J7e6Mema

OTHOCHTCH KaK 6ygTO K no3Jno6neiniog: "Enna npeneembie IIVITa1114 Il Meni C

yJI 1,16K010 11106BH", HO HCII0CpeACTBeHHO nrrrnponamiomy tieTnepoeTarunio npenmeeTnyeT CTHX "Mise CTLIAII0 HAOJI0B MOHX", rne cnono "VITIOJI" 51111151eTCH

6eccuopribur cnnoimmvniecmum napnanTom 1101151TH H "KyMHp". Bnaronapri 3TO-

my MOTHB .TIKABH B "Pa3r0B0pe" npao6peTaeT pacmnpvrrenniimil accognaumno COOTHOCHCb CO neer,'" nepap>men menoneneemm nennocTeri 3 OT "KyMHpa" J10 "MHpa", B KOTOpbIX HOCJICA0BaTe.abH0 pinonaponbinaeTen rinpn-iiecmrin PepOFI nocnaiinil H anernil 1 891 Formi. no 3amony noanniecmon aeco-nnannu ecTeeTneimo 11peRI10.110>K14Tb, CITO 3TH 11e11HOCTI1 VI n.1151 Ho3Ta B ~- flore ne 6CCCII0pHIA, H yrtrIrreTb B 110A06110M COOTHOIIIeIIHH 110314111111 awropa H

nnpwiecmoro repos' CMbICJI anTopemmincireirrnon nepemarnimn petien Ho3Ta e anTirpomanTwiecmon nirpirmon 1823 rona.

.11106011b1T11b1M 110ATBep>KACHVICM 3TOMy mo>meT CJIy>KHTb TaKOII chamT: 4 r1ema6pn 1824 FORa, B CBSI3H C innaimem nepnon F.J1aBbl "E111V111151 011e11111a" H,

enenonaTenbrio, nepnon ny6nnma11ne1i "PamoBopa", Hyrumni maneT 6pirry C. flyuIKHHy: "Ra 11e11b351 5111 eine non Pa3weopo.m 110CTaBHTb IIHCJI0 1823 ron?" (XIII, 126). KaK H3BeCTHO, CTHXOTB0pCIIHe OKOH'ICHO Hyumniimm 6 cenTri6pn 1824 rona. B >menarmi,' mzeTirchnimponaTb IIy6JIHKy flyumnria B

3TOM cnriae Bpsyk 1IH MO>K110 3a110,103pHTb. 31IWIHT, A1151 TaK011

JKITHpOBKH mo>KeT 6b1Tb TOJIbK0 nna: 130-41epBbIX, 3TO MO>KeT 6b1Th pennb TaTom >menarivisi COOTHeCT11 Bpemm comalinm "Pa3roBopa" C Hananom pa6omi BaB "EBUCIIHeM 011eF1411b1M", a B0-13T0pbIX — enne pa3 normepmnyrt, eCTe-

c,TBeimylo H reBenpleeKylo, n 3CTeTngeCKyKO C1354 31> manora C Kpll3Belloil 5111-

pHKOIl 1823 mila.

Bee 3TO 1103BOMICT B11eCTI1 CyL11CCTBCIIIIble moppemTvnini B noimmanne 3CTCTIIMCCK011 nougnir HOCK0111,Ky BeCh KOMIIJICKC anTopemzimeneii-nmi cumuli ',menu° C ero nprimon peumo: CCJIH [103T 14 pomairrnm, 3ammilyrbin

MHpe enoero iiemmiTepeconainioro BROX11011e1114H (KaK yruepxmaioT 3T0

a6comoTno BCC neenejkoBaTenn "Pa3roBopa" Banvmasi e B. B. TomanieB-eicoro), TO OH pOMMITFIK — B npoinnom: Cp.:

61,1.11 RaneKo:

Bpem2 To BocnommBan, Korga, Bage)Kgamo 6ora•b119, now 6ecnemb21, H rincari 113 BROXHOBCH1,51, (II, 324).

TaKHM O6pa3oM, anTopemmmenemmn 113 Kpinzeilog suipmcm BbICIM114-

BaIOT oeo6emiyio, enoeo6pa3nylo rparib II03H11HH BytmonicKoro .nvipmilecKoro reposi — Ho3Ta, yeommunierocz B nenpepemaemoeTn Herionenyembix HM

HpaBCTBellHbIX HellHOCTeil CJIaBbl H JIIO6BH. 3TOT KpH3HCIIIAI MOMCIIT

"Paazotrop Kilitzetzporbmga c tioanumi"

81

OCO3Ha1IFICM 6C3B131X0MOCTI1 pomanTnnecKoro mignungyann3ma, 'cora CTOJIK-

110BeFIFIC BbICOKOH cchepm NCTHHHO 4103TH 1leCKOr0 TBOp1 ICCTBa C npo3oil )K1431114

oKa3BiBaeTcsi npeBaTo TparnnecKnm HCXOTIOM KOHCIIIKTa. He cnynailno 6asi chopma conpnKoclionetinsi C 131 ICIIIIIHM mnpom — cnaBa, ycnex B 06inecTBe, nio6oBb — 00O31IaeTCSI HO9TOM KaK CI)OpMa 3aBHCHMOCTH, cBoeo6pa31Ion nnaTbi 3a B,n(oxlioBenne: Begb MOTI4B gene)Knoil HJIaTbI , BO3IIIIKaI011114i1 B nepBoil )Ke pCIIJIFIKC Kiinronpogarina, 6BicTpo yeTynaeT MCCTO gpyrnm cpopmam narpagm — cnaBe H .11 106BH, KOTOpb1M HO3T nponmonocTaBsimeT ()Any 6e3ycnomiy10 HCIIIIOCTb — CB060gy.

HO BOT B peinennn np06nembi cno60gb1, BO3M0)K1 lOri 4/151 no3Ta, c ncnep-in,imnoinen nonnoToù 06napy)KnBaeT ce62 npniinunnanimag I 1013 1131 la 9CTC-

TnnecKofi Konnerinnz "Pa3roBopa" HO cpaimennio CO Bcemz Begombimn AO flynnuffla BapllaI3TaN114 peniennsi ripoeínemm. 14 rBaB1Ia54 poni, lipiniagne)Kwr 34ech chnrype 14 MIICHVIHM KiinronpogaBna, KoTophin iipnBognT flo3Ta K

B pyCCKOIrl anTepaTypiloii Tpagniinn, HO 1'.Tly60K0 3aK01 10MCp-

1 10My 13 KonTeKcTe nyumnicKoro npoll3BCRelIFISI peinennio.

IlpnmenaTenbilo TO 06CT0SITCSILCT130, TITO KiinronpogaBen ilanniiaeT pa3- roBop C floTrom 13 IICCKOJII3K0 cTpainiom, MO)K1 IO CKa3aT13, epiinnecKom Tone: ero nepBaz pennuKa napagoKcanbilo COCAPHISICT ymenbuinTenbilo-npene-6pe)Kwrenb1lue cycl-k1niKcm H Birronannoinio npolinnecim oxpameinibie cTep-mie 1103THHCCKHC IIITaM1 11,1 C npeBocxognoil cTenenbio :31114TeTa:

CT11 LUMI )1112 BaC 0)11Ha 3a6aBa,

HCMHO>KKO C'I'ON'I' nam npnceerb,

Y)K pa3rnacirl'h ycnena cnaBa

Beme nprurrneihnyto BCCTIA:

Flo3ma, roBop8'l', 1-0TOBa,

11J10)1 HOBbIll yMeTBCHHbIX

14TaK, peinirre; noi Il cnona:

Ha3nagure camii neny

CT1 1 111K11 .///06//.1 1/W .41y3 it zpui(liti 28

Mbl py6n8mn 31.1NICHNNI

I/1 B nyK HaJIIVIHbIX aCCHI'Ha1111,d1

IIIICTO'IK14 Ballrll o6pErriim (II, 324).

28 B 4CpH01314 1</.1X "Pa3ronopa..." I 1,11TaTHblii xapmerep 9'1'01 .0 ("IlioCnimna My3

Fpanini") ynocToBepstercsr IlyLLIKI1HCKIIM I 10)11‘lepKI1BaHlle1 ■1, 1T0 13 pyKonticn OTIX1-

>Kae'resi Kypc11110M 13 na6ope, a 06LBCflptivur1'oil chopmoil Bbuenewisi LI,Ifl'aT 13 1,13)1aTCJIb-

C1(0i1 ripawriiKe neprioil TpeTri XIX BeKa 6b1J1 HIVICHHO Kypciti3, a He KaBbBIKII.

82

O. E. J7e.6eàe«u

"CTHILIKII" AMI° TepsnoTcH OT COCCACTBZI HORHOBeCHbIX "py6ner H "Ha-JIWIHbIX accHrHanHil"; ReFKOBeCHOCTb 11033M4 B nepBoù perume KHHronpo-naHHa ycyry6nerta He TORbK0 ymeHbutirrenbHoil chopmori cnoBa, HO 14 TOI1 ner-KOCTbK), C KOT0p011 OHM, B npeAcTaHneHHH Km4ronponaima, co3na1onst: "oTma 3a6aBa", "HeMHO>KKO CTOHT Ham ITHCeCTb". B ero nepHotí pennme eCTb 14

CJI0Ba, o6mmaloame HCTOtIHMK TaKoro npencTaHnemm O noanmecKom TB0p-

tieurBe: "CTHIIIKH JIKAHMIP My3 H rpagml" — 3TO cBoero poAa co6HpaTenbHmil o6pa3 n03Ta-3nHxypeilna 143 TOPI 1103TWIeCKOVI TpaA111.IHH, l'amano xoTopofi 6bino nono)KeHo nocnamumll mononoro BaTiounwHa. TaK npelle6pexm- Tenimmil TOH KHHI'01Ip0AaB1),a Haxonwr CB0e ecTeerBermoe o6-bncHeime: TO, LITO Ile CTOHT TpynoH, HpHn nH CTOHT H neHer, xoTopme OH, TeM He meHee, npennaraeT, 1103BORSISI celie npe3pnTenbuo-HeyHa7KHrenbuoe OTHOLUeIIFIe K

"CT14111KaM" H "JIHCTO'IKaM". OT 9T0r0 CTORKHOBellYISI ycTapeHni&H, apxawmog ARSI 1820-x rr. KoHnenHHH nerxosecHoro THopnecxoro BROXII0BeH1451 H

ReVICTBI4TeRbflO HJIOXO coHmemaiomerocn c neri monma HaJI14 11HbIX geHer, KO-

TOIDIAM 0110 onnatimmeTcn, KaK pa3 14 BO3HIIKaeT 0611IIIÚ TOH nepHoil pellTIFIK14 — TOII npo3bi, macimpyxnnefica non CTHXH.

3TO CTaHOBHTCA oco6elmo OgeB14)1110 B conocTaaneHm4 C TOHOM nermoro MOH0JI0Fa lloarra, nalomero coHcem ymym KapTimy THopnecxoro nponecca, B

KOTOp011 nepe6npaloTcH THnMiIHble MOTHBbI IlaIlpS1>KeHHO-IlaTeTHIIeCKHX 3cTe-THMeCKHX MaIIHCPeCTOB XyKOBCKOPO: "nHp Hoo6pa>KeHb1", "HeHTbHcHliman KpaCa", "noimoe BAOXHOBeHbe", "3ByKH AH131IbIe", "TSI>KKHÚ HnaMCHHb1I He-

MT", "rpe3bl nynnbie", "6e3momme TpynoH", "nnameimbifi BocTopr", "cna-)kOCTHble AapbI".

14 MOTHB TkeHer B HepBOM m01101I0re 1103Ta Tal0Ke OLIeHb XapaKTepHO 1314-

ROH3MellfleTCSI: "1103T 6eCIICIFIbIÚ, A mican // 143 HnoxHosemn, He H3 IIRaTb1".

filaTa — 3TO He 06S13aTelIbH0 ReHbV14; MOTHB Aener TpaHccPopmHpyeTcn B

MOTHB HarpaAbl B0061ge, 14 lIyTKVIÚ KIII4VOIIpORaBen, IIpOROJI>Ka51 TeMy neHer ("Bbi pa3OLIIMICH no pyKaM") B HHocKa3aTemmo-meTac1oppmecxom nnaHe, noRxHaTbmaeT 3TOT MOTHB, HpeO6pa3y51 "py6JIH" B "HarpaAy CRaBbl" ("Ho cnaHa 3aMell 14Ra BaM MenTaHbn TaftHoro oTpa)bi: [...] Hanpacno >KnyT ce6e wrenoH // 14 HeTpelloPi ee Harpanbi").

B HenocpencTHemioù CBS1314 C 3THM CABVIVOM HaxonnTen cnenylommi cm-Acemblli mar nHanora: nocne o6meHa pennHxamH O cnaHe, oTHepraemoil II03- TOM, nocne yllOMHHHHHSI B pellH KHHF011p0AaBlIa HMeH XyKOBCKOPO H Bafipo- Ha, C ynopom Ha Hce TOT *e, HO Tellepb y>Ke CKpb1Tb1 I, MOTHB neHer ("HO CBeT y3lIaJI H paCKy111111 I4x cnanxonytinble THopeHm4"), Kimronponaseu IleCKOJIbK0 BHAOH3MeHgeT CBOH IlpeACTaBneHH51 O pOJIVI HO3Ta H 1103TWIeCKOM

TBOIVIeCTBe:

"Paawesop ictutzonpoàumw c noarnom"

83

11 Bnpsim, 3aBmgefi Baw men: 1103T Ka3HHT, 1103T BefwaeT, anoweB rpomom Be4111,1X operi B HOTOMCTBe )121.HbHeM nopa)KaeT (II, 326).

3TO B144k0143MeHellHe camoro Tona KnuronpogaBna B ero npegcTaBnenmnx O 1103TWIeCKOM Tpme — npnmoe cnegcume nepubtx gByx mononoroB H03Ta e 14X nanpn>Kemion rznep6onvin1IocTb10 1)/13CT13. 3a3CMJ1e1IIIbIe, yunnn>KnTenb-HbIe MOTHBbI yX0ASIT 143 pelai KnuronpogaBna, "CTHLL1KH" ycTynaioT MeCTO

"ygeny". 0)4HaK0 pygnmeirrm nepnonananbnoil 1103141414H CKa3bIBaIOTCSI eroe 14

3T0f4' pellame KnnronpogaBna:

XBana Ansi Bac goKymbiti 3BOH;

Ho cepgue >f<CHLI1HH cnaBbl BpOCHT:

ARA HHX ~nue; HX ywam 11p1414THa ReCTI=, AHaKpeoHa. B m.nagbie nera poi Bam ,Ilkopo>Ke naBpoB FennKona (II, 327).

C:ama moTzBannx noaTnnecKoro BROXII0BC111441 H TBopnecTBa (gnn 3/440-

BOJIbeTB1441 41 BO 14MS1 >Kenunm), a Tal0Ke cnoBa-cnrnanw "necm AnaKpeona", "poni" — BCe 3TO CB14)4CTC4IbCTBa yCT011 ,I14110CTI4 cTepeoTnna 1103Ta-31114Ky-

peilga B CO3110111114 KnnronpogaBna.

OTBeTnasi pennma H03Ta npnmenaTenBna TeM, LITO B nen KaK 6b1 11013-

TopsieTem npegbigyunA CIO)KeT11b1il XOJEI: no 06110 TeMy, KaK Knnronpoganen TOBbK0 SITO ofinapy>Knn ncTonnnK mnpoBo33pe1nn 1103111 ("J101)44 Bailp0H 61,141

TOPO )Ke MHeIIbB, Il )1(yKOBCKVIII TO >Ke roBopnn") H nameKnyn na ne1136e>K-lib1il, C ero TOIIKH 3peHHB, nexog ("Ho cBeT y311a,11, H pacKynnn // I4X CJIaRK0-

3Bytmble TB0pC111,51"), 1103T 06napy>KnBaeT nnTepaTypnwe PICTOKH B3FIIS1410B

KnnronpogaBna 14 11pOTHBOI1OCTaBJIHeT 41M CBOIO n03mnno, H0314441410 CB060441,1;

3T0 CJIOBO, xapaKTepn3ylowee B31'1141411.1 Ho3Ta Ila TBopnecTBo, 3BytIHT 3/4eCI,

BnepBble H KaK 6bI npegpeKaeT a6cosnoTnoe H ne3aBllenmoe "C:Bo6ogy" B

(funtane "Pa3roBopa":

Ho 110.11HO! B >KepTBy HM cBo6ogbi MenTaTenb y* ie npnneceT; flycKaii nX roBowa Ilio6e3Bbul 6anoBeBb npBpogbi (II, 327).

,L11141 TOPO IITO6b1 1101141Tb rny6niniwil CMbICJI aToro onepegnoro Bo3pa-

>Ken'« Ho3Ta 'wenn° THKHM o6pa3OM, neo6xognmo o6paTnTbc54 K nepnomAm

14 nenambim BapnanTam nnTnpoBannoro 'ICTBepOCTI44111454. Ero TpeTnil CTI4X B

nepnoBuKe iIHTaJICA TaK: "HycKail 14X BaTIOIIIKOB flOCT"; B nepBom nenamom

84 0. 5. Jlefieàe‹-sa

napHaHTe OH B14)10H3MeHFIJICH cnegylownm o6pa3OM: "Ilyexag HX Illanmon noeT". EaTIOLLIKOB H IllaJIHKOB, comaTenb Kongenum4 no3Ta-3nHxypenna 14

311Hr0ll, npenpaTHHHHA ee B nwrepaTypHmil wramn - BOT B nem BIIMIT 1103T

HCTO'IHHK npegeTaHneHHH KHHronpogaBga O 1103THIleCKOM TBOWIeCTBe. 14 oneHb CHMIITOMaT14 11110 TO, "Pa3r0B0p" Hnepnble 6b!JI ony6nHKoHan C FIMCIICM IllaSIHKOBa: 3TO comaHano cHoeo6pamoe Kombno CIO)KeTlIbIX XOROB,

o6Happiamano inaHmHylo 11p011141(aTeJIblIOCTb ynaeTnnxon gnanora.

B OKOH'IaTeJIbHOM HapHaffre HaLTISIAHOCTb 3Ta o6paTHmacb B accoma-THBHOCTb, (i)ynxHHio ynommaHHH HMCHH B3MJI Ha ce6H HpoHwieexn nogaHHbin nnTepaTypHbril urramn, C1.1H3aHHbln B CO3HaHHH IlyILIKHHCKHX coripemeHHHKoH HmenHo C T014' nwrepaTypHon TpagngHen, OT KOTOpOn pelnilTenbH0 oTme>i<e-nbmaeTeH floaT: "IlycKaA HX 1011041Ia HOCT, Il .11I06C311bIn 6anonenb Hp0- pogbi". 14 meeb, B 3TOM o6meHe pennlixamn, HommaeT eine ogHa rpanb an-TOpeMHHHCHeHTHOeTH "Pa3r0B0pa", nnoganaH B accomaTHHHbin nnacT ero

BOCITHHT1454 y>Ke ne CTHXH, a nyuncHHetcylo ..914c,TonslpHylo npo3y:

KOpHH.110BWI CPaBHbIl1 M8P6117 , H MHOFO oCrieumeT - HO 3a1eM nsuner OH ()AI/

cuitcx(Aur11eribli(120 HNllMG1l1IP munocnintsmi zociMaphino NN H osKsinaerr o6Mpurnenhuoli yrudileu ripemacnow nona Ang nponosisKenissi J1F060FIbITHbIX

CHOPIX TpyRoB? Bce 3To c'rapo, neny*Ho H CaHIHKOM ysKe naxiierr Wann-KOBCK0F0 Hel3HHHOCTWO (niscbmo A. A. BecrrysKeBy orr 8 (heBpansi 1824 r., XIII,

87. KypcHB IlywKsina. - O. .11.). Bnaro A ne nrinnannesKy K nawnm nsicarrensim 18-ro neKa: N nstwy R.1151 ce6si, a negarmi° ;visi nener, a HH ,lyTI, Ansi ynbi6Ksi npeKpacnoro nona (nsichmo Il. A. BsnemcKomy orr 8 mapTa 1824 r., XIII, 88).

3TO riepBasi TaKoro polla awropemmillegengilsi B TeKCTC "Pa3r0B0pa". 14

CHMHTOMaTVIIII 10, TITO olla COOTHOCHT HpO3y, npwiem npon BABAlle - H KaK

nHTepaTypHyio cl)opmy, H KaK nonemwiecKH axgenTHpoBaHHylo B Hen MaTC-

pnasibrio-3a3emnemlyio Hgeio - HmeHHo e penbio flogTa. 3Ta anTopemmni-egengHn CTaHOBHTCSI nepHmm eHrHanom BHRO H3Melle1IHM cc-Dem,' 1109TWICCK0r0

comaimst, OHa CBHACTC.T1bCTByeT O TOM, SITO flaTry moryT 6brri, Rocrrynnbi Itoribie rpains MI4p0B033pCIIHH. HO noKa 3TO uponexogHT TO.TIL,K0 Ha ypoHne no9TwieeKoil aceonHanHH. 29 XapaKTepllo, 'no Knuronpoganeg pearnpyeT Ha 3TOT CK)>KCTIILIn XOTI He3amegnwrenbno: MOTHB Harpagbi HCIIe3aCT 143 ero OT-

BeTTIOn pennuKH, a MOTHB oR06pe1n42 >KCIILLUIII TpanechopmHpyeTcsi B MOTHB

BLICOKOH pomallTwiecxon yTaelmon .T I1061314:

29 CM. 06 3TOM 111106Ma nyWKITha R. A. ByrsemcKomy orr 19 ciseHpans4 1825 r. (XIII, 144) n 21 masí 1825 r. (XIII, 134). CM. TaK>KC iiepnoBbie liapsianTbi WITHp013aHHI,IX

crirpoic (11, 841).

"Paazofsop lemizonprAciai(a e noanumt" 85

[...] HO IICK/1101e1B111

RASI M41.11bIX aaM y>ICC11H Nel'?

Y>KCJIH HH OaHa FIC C'I'ON'I'

Ha 13)10XHOBeHb51, H11 CTpaCTell,

II BaWIR IleCeH He flpHCBONT

BeeCIIMA1011 KpaCOTe CB0e11? (II, 328)

KaK OTBCT Ha BT0p)Ke1114e 11p0321 14 11eCK1IX aCC01111al1Hil 13 peub 1-109Ti1, 1103-

THIleCKHe accoullaHHH wropraloTcm B Kgb KiiHronpogagga nepe3 anTopemH-11HCLMIIA1410 I13 XXXIV CTpoc!ml I PII/IBbl "El3Fe111151 OnerHHa", 3aK011tIellHOÙ 22 olerst6p2 1823 roga, 3a rog go Hanncaimm "PaaroBopa"; cp.: "OHH He CTOSIT 1111

cTpacTeil, // HH HeceH, 11M11 BROXII0Be11111,1X..." (VI, 20). TaKHM o6pa3om, co3Hanue KmiroripogaBga TO)Ke 0611apy>K1113ael"reIlRe11-

a1410 K BVIR0113Mel1e111110 H Hocnpnwrilio 1101311X I'pallef1 11 chopm milpoHo33penHsi; TaK >Ke KaK H e0311211111e F103Ta, 0110 060Fall1aCTCH H 11111llaeTC51 CBOCI nepgo- HaganbHori ognocTopoifflocTn. B xoge guanora nocTenenno o61Iapy)KHHaeTcx HyTpe1Illee geficTime: ABH>Kenne nepHoHallanbilo 1130JII1p0-

BallIlblX 11 BO mem 11pOTHB0110J10)1(11b1X I10311111111 K pa3Mb1KaiI1410 IlaBCTpegy

gpyr Rpyry. BJ111>Kalialllil pe3ysILTaT 3Toro nnyrpennero HerrpenHoro A1314-

>Ke11112 — Hugon3meHeime Tolta H CTI1J151 nocneginix pennux repoeg:

Kultumpoòu«ei(

14TaK, JIK>60B1310

HacKyqa .neneTom r3101113bI,

3apaile crixaaamicb BI31

OT eateeil nephi FHIOXHOBeHHOH.

Teiiepb, ocTaesi wymebel CI3CT,

mys, H Be'rpeHyfo mogy,

51( e36epe're ebr?

17oanz

CBo6o;01.

Krutzotipoòcwei(

FlpeKpaceo. BoT >Ke eam COBCT,

BHCMJIH'I'C HCTWIC 110J1e3H011:

Haw BeK — Topraw, B dee BCK 5Kel1e311011

Be3 aeHer H CB060ab1 HeT (II, 329).

"13goxHogeiniasi nHpa" aamengeT B pe'l H KIIHFOI1p01111B11/1 "CT14111K14"

"JIPICTOHK11": 3T0 CB1111eTeIlbCTByeT O peLLIIITelIblIOM nepenome ero 1331.11 51110B Ila

1103THtleCK0e THOWleCTBO. Ho 'rro camoe mamme — TpalICCDOpM14pyeTCSI CaMO

HoHvimaHne gener, 11.71/1Tbl. ECJI14 B Ilallaile III1a.nora Kinironpogageg npegnaran

86 0. E. .1 lefieòem

HoaTy nenbrn paA1 nener, npocTo nenbrn (npntlem npeAnaran HX 3a nein° TaKoe, 'ITO, HO ero 1101151THSIM, HX BOBCC ne CTOHJI0), TO anecb, no BHJIHMOCTH

BO3Bpalga1Cb K mitiem He npnxpbrromy mepxannum3my cnoeil nepnoii pe- MIMI', 011, B cywnocm, ripennaraeT 1103Ty nenbrn KaK cpencTno 3anoenann1 11e3aBVICHMOCT11, T. C. Ty camylo cno6ony, xuropoil xcenaeT II03T. Hpexpacno 14 otienb 'rotino npoKommemnponan 3TOT MOMCHT martora C. r. BO'IapoB: "B ycTax IloaTa `cno6ona' 3By'IHT a6COMOTHO H 11e3aBHCHMO, Km4ronponaneg ee Boupan(aeT "man KaK OTHOCHTeabH0C 1101IHTHC, BKIII0tICHHOe B )KH311eIIIIMC

3aBHCHMOCTH". 1)

B CD11HaJIbHOM mo'-more Ktinronponanna, KaK noxaaaTenb TOPO, TITO OH

IlpH11415 "Tann)/ Howa, He HOCTy1MBIIIFICb OCHOBaMH CBOCP0 mnpono33penna, natinnalur anytiaTb MOTH131,1, 6JIH3KHe CJI0BaM 1103Ta: KaK H 1103T, K11141'0-

ripcmaBeH cnpainnnaeT ce6n — emana?" — H OTBeT ero nemoncTpmpyeT B

11p11HII1411e Ty >xe no3muno nenpnwnin CJIaBbI B KanecTBe HarpaRm 3a Tnop- =reciso, XOTH 11 na npyroil mnpono33pennecxo3i OCHOBC: "SIpxast 3annaTa // Ha BCTXOM py6nuw nenga". 34IHTCT "HHp noo6pan<ennn" (onpenenenne Tnop- tiecxoro nponecca) 143 nepnoro MOHOJI0Ta 1103Ta B 3aKIII0IIHTelIbHOM M0110-

more KnnronpoRanna Tpaud'opmnpyeTca B meTacDopy, XOTb 14 "racTponomn-ucxylo" HO cnoen npnpone, HO npn 3TOM He npanennylo cueo6pa3noro no3Tntiecxoro nasanecTna 14 o6nntnnowro neficTunenblioe 3nanne Kinuo-nponannem "xyxnn" 1103TWIeCKOPO TBOptIeCTBa:

Ho Bac SI anzuo, rocnona: BaM Baule noporo THopeHbe, FloKa Ha nnameHH Tpma31

6yp1114'1' Boo6pa*eabe; OHO 3aCTb1HCT, H Torga 110CT61.110 BaM H comkffieHbe (11, 329).

Cp. OT3bIB camoro Hyuncnna O CBOCM Tnopnecicom nponecce: "KCTaTH

cnu'ax: ceronnz KOH'IHJI H noamy n'Arane. He 3Haio, TITO o6 nen CKa3aTb.

Ona noxamecT buie ~un'una, TOJIbKO 'ITO KOIPIHJI" (II. A. BH3CMCKOMy, 8-10 oxTa6pa 1824 r., XIII, 1 1 1). VIHb1MH CJI0BaMH, B 3TOM MOHOJ10fe, petib Knnronponanna natufmaer aKTHBHO KoppecnomnpouTb H C petibio Ho3Ta, 14,

TITO 0co6emio Ha)mo, C MbICJIHM11 11 mulinami camoro Hyanuma. 3TOT BbIBOR

moryT HOHTBelnIHTb nannucTsylowne B pei1H Km4ronponanna anTopemn- lincnempu4 113 11y1IIKHHCKOPO 3111CTOJIHp1154.

30 BolapoB C. r. "c1306014a - H "cmacrbe" B 110331114 T1yWKHHa, C. 153. 31 Cp. "rinameHHblil Horropr" 13 penai e flo3Ta.

"Pa3zo6op lautzonpoàcunw C noarnom" 87

IV. fIncbma Hynnerna nepnoga Kmeroil CCb1.11KH nemoncTpirpytur nocTenennoe CTaHOBJ1eHlle nporpeccnonanbHoro OTHOIL1eIIHR HO3Ta K cnoemy TnopilecTny. Oco6eHHo OneB14)1110 3Ta nporPeccnonann3anng BbICKa3bIBaeTC51 B TOM, TITO

Hynnuni HatirmaeT OTACJIATb nponecc TnopitecTna OT er0 pe3yribTaTa; H unir nponecc TnopirecTria no-npezuiemy nepa3pbuni0 CB 513aH C Bb1COKHMH RyX0B-

HbIMH KaTeroprinmir CB060Ab1 14 BROXHOBelIHR, TO pe3yfibTaT TrioptiecTna —

rOTOBaSI pyKOrIneb — 110CTelleH110 HatinnaeT oco31ianamc1 flyllIKHHb1M He

TOlIbK0 KaK Tpyga, OTReJIHBL111411C51 OT Tnopira 14 FIMelOILkIlh C06-

CTBeHHOe cyniecTnonanne, no H KaK cnoeo6pa31ia5 cpopma Tonapa. flepnbie BbICKa3bIBaHFIS1 TaK0r0 porla, eine monile myrnimbie, 1OSIBI15110TCSI ROBOJIMIO

pano. 21 ceirrg6p1 1821 r. flyinKirn ritraici' H. 14. fpen: "XOTHTe J1 14 13b1 y merin Ky1111T13 BeCb KyCOK HO3MbI? XII 1411010 B 300 CTHXOB, CTHX nurpkinoio 4 CTOHbl; pa3pe3ano na 2 11eCHH. Renieno onam, 'rro6 Tonap He 3aJ1e)KaJICSI"

(XIII, 33).

Ho c OCO6e11HO11 OT,IeT.1114BOCTbIO 14 HaCTOAIIHBOCTMO 3T14 B3r11 51)1131, 110-

CTeHeHHO o6peTarourne errane MHp0B033pelPleCK0r1 CFICTeMbl, nbipawaioTcH B

nvicbmax 1823-1824 roi:ion, T. C. nmenno TOPO nepriona, 'corna co3nananacb nepriasi rnana "Enreitnn 0Hervina", 3anymbinanc% H nircancsi "Pa3roBop mano- ripoiranna C 1103T0M". Ilepnbie BbICKa3b1Ba1114S1 TaK0r0 pona B inicbmax 1823-24 roTion eine OCTOpOACHbl H KaK 6b1 C Or1151)1KOil na Tpannrinonnio Tonxy 3pe111451,

6eCTIOB0pOTHO OTACJISIKlliky10 110331410 OT ncero >KHTeikKOFO: "ROJI)K110 CMO-

TpeTb na 11033H10, C HO3B0.11eHHS1 CKa3aTb, KaK Ha pemecno. [...]. ApncToxpa- Tntrecxne npeny6e)Kilenrin npireTann Te6e, HO He mire — iia xonneiniyio CBOIO

no3my z cmoTpio, xax cano)Ktinx Ha napy CBOHX canor: nponaio e 6apb11nom" (XIII, 59) — TaK, onnonpemenno 14 113BHIISISICb, H HaCTOWIHBO yrnep)Knasi CBOIO

Tonxy 3pein, runneT Ilynnuni 13 143eMCKOMy B MapTe 1823 rona. 3incoHLien- nasi noama 14 napa canor — conocTaBJIeHHe TaKOe pemoe no Tony, no necon- MeCTHMOCTH BXORSII1RIX B nero KaTeropng, TITO BbIrJ151AFIT 110IITH KaK CTOJIK110-

BeHHe 110331414 14 11p03b1 )KH3HH B006111,e.

OAHH 143 .11e1ITMOTHBOB Ily111KHIICKHX nircem 1823-1824 ronon — 3T0 CTOJIK-

Hoseime MOTHBOB ClIaBbl H nener, KaK napnanTon nomarpanrennyi 1103TH-

necKoro wyna. B 3TOM neirTmourne o611apymarnaeTcsi 011eBHAIIblil

0)(110r0 H3 cambix nannirapnbix 14 )KeCTKHX arpopinmon Kiwironponanna, cp.:

Hall, Bel( — Topraw; B Ce ì Bel< NCelle3HOl7

Bea ; eHer H cHo6onbi HeT. LITO Cnaaa? ApKam aannwra Ha Berxom py6inge neHna. Ham Hy*Ho mina, inwra, anwra: Konwre 3.nwro )to )(mina! Oh 329).

88 0. E. JleCeòe«a

"Ileturrag cKopee, He enaBin npolny, a pan MaMolla" (XIII, 82). "Bnarogapio Bac, Apy3bH MOH, 3a Baum MIIIIOCT14130C noneneime o modi cnaBe! [...]. OcTae'ren y3Ham, pacxynvrrof 11 H XOTb °ARI I 3K3CMIIJI l'e muli:Ari TemH, y KOTOpb1X ecm 110JI Ilble pyKormca; Ho uTo 6e3genviga — 1103T FIC AOJDKeil

gymam O CBOeM nponllTaHHH" (XIII, 86). "[...] BriepeR Ile1303M0>KHO 14 MI1C

6ygeT npogaBam ce6m e 6apbanom. TaKHM o6pa3om, 06 513a11 H 3a BCC npo BCC

— gpy3b5IM MOC11 C.11a0191 — 1101Yr 14X B031,M1I 14 C IICIO; TyT cmoTpu KaK Cibi C

ronogy ne oxonem, a OH14 KpHturr — enaBa!" (XIII, 9).

Ho oco6eHHo 6J1H30K K peni KuHronpowunra pemo 110.11eMH 1ICCK1411 cppar-NICHT 143 nvicbma JI. C. Ilyunemy OT samapn-Hanana (heBpann 1824 ro)ka:

B131a14 Cibi ABH6111, a rne MI-le LIX B35ITb? LITO no Caa11131, e10 B POCCNVI mygpeHo ROBOabCTBOBaTbC33. [...] KaK Ciya0 1 1HNK neger, nopTHoil K03n08

neKapb mopwr: 3a ReHb131, 3a ReH1311,1, 3a neHbrpt — TaKoB N 13 HaroTe moero waHwsma (XIII, 86).

B 3T0CI napannerm xapaxTepna Ile TOJIbKO 011C13 RIR 11CpCKII IKa C111.11-

maBaloakuxez MOTHBOB cnaBbi H gener, Ho H 0611 10em HpHema, BIngensnotHero ygapubnl momeirr TpoexpaTnoe nowropenne onopHoro CII0Ba

"genbre B IIHCbMC H "3.naTa" — B peni KHHPO npOgal311a. XOTH Tyr >He II/1A0

OTMCTHTb, TITO "nen 3a geHbre — 3T0 cpopmyna Hmenno 3aocTpeiniam JE(0

Hpegena H nowomy Hocancaiolgan embien nyuncvnicKoil n03HHH1I. He nen 3a genbrH, a npoRaHan fOTOByI0 pyKonncb: cyn, HyLLIKHIICKA nwrepaTypHA 1103111111H — H, KCTaTH, 1103HHFI H KHHronpoRana, ua-moro ROBOIlbeTBOBaTI.C2 pyKormebio 14 He nocHraioinero Ha BgoxHoBenne HoTra, nynale onancaerr gpyroil nefrrmoTHH nvicem: "nvican ero [Bax‘nicapaficKnù cpoliTan] Ansi ce6H, a neinrraio 110TOMy, 11TO geHbru 6bITI1 Hyn(nbi" (XIII, 87); "51 nvimy Ansi ce651, a nemanno gnm geHer" (XIII, 88).

TaKHM o6pa3om, oeTaHasich H03TOM H 13K31101 1a2C1, 13 CHCTeMy n<H3nemibix 3a13HevimocTeil, HyancHH, Ha nyTH npocheccHoHanvi3anim nivrepaTypnoro Tpy- ga, OCT1113J151eT ce6e eBo60Ay BROXII0BelIFIS1 H TB0p9eCT1311 onaeT ganb 9THM

WITefiCKFIM 3aBHCHMOCTS1M roToHoil pyKonuchio npoH3Begennz. AchopH-CTIVIeCKII iIeTKOC Hhipa)HeHrie 3TOPO npminnna Haxonnm B 3HameHHToil <pop-myne nocneHHero mollonora KIIHronpogaBga: "He nponaeTcyt BgoxHoBenbe, // HO MO)KI IO pyKOITHCb npogam" (II, 329).

KaK HTOP pa3MbILLIJICIIIA HyLUKHIIa O ChOpMaX BKJI HOCT14 4103111 13

CHCTeMy noBcegneBnbix 6bITOBbIX 14 nunneinibix omonneimil, B ero nvicbmax BecHoil 1824 roga 13031IHKaCT png chopmyn, onpegensnomux noepeguppiecKylo chymenino gener KaK cpeAcma o6ecne9eHnH F1C3aBHCHMOCTH nuarra B (56- inecme: "Tenepb noroBopHm o ;lene, T. e. o Aelibrax. 0.TICHHH npegnaraerr mne 3a Onermia, CKWILKO xotiy. KaKona Pycb, ga oHa B camom gene 13 EBpo-

"Puazo(top Ktruzonpoòtmo C noamoAt" 89

ne! [...J m ne wyny, noTomy Lrro Reno “ReT O 6ygya(eil cygb6e moefi, o 11e3aBH-

CHMOCTI4 mne Heo6xognmoti" (XIII, 92). 14, naKonen, lice UTH MbICJIII npochec-CHOHallbilOr0 sinTepaTopa OTJ114BalOTC51 B neTKylo chopmy.anporsKy 04/111114aJ113-

'loro nnebma: 22 141011H 1824 foga Ilyuncnn muneT A. 14. Ka3Haneerly, npain4- Tenio Kanneampnn M. C. Boponnosa, cHoemy natianblinKy no emy>K6e:

Pajw bora He HymaìiTe, 4'1'o6 1 cmoTpen Ha CTHX0T130pCTBO C HeTclulm mecnaHmem pHcOmaga H1111 KaK Ha OTROXHOBCHHC HyBerinfrenbHoro HenoBeKa; OHO npocTo moe pemecno, oTpacnb HacTHoil Hp0M1,111111CHHOCTH, ROCTaBJ1210111,afl

MHC nponwraHHe H HomaumFoie He3a13HCHMOCTI, (XIII, 93).

3T0 — oxonnaTembnoe cym(genne. FIoeme mam 1824 Toga 13Ce paccymq(ennz Ha 3Ty TeMy 11Cile3a10T 143 rincem fIyinxnna; neme3aloT C TeM, iiTO6b1 130-

11110T14TI,C51 13 "Pa3roIiope minronpogam_ka C HO3TOM", 13 xyRom(eeTHennofi chop-me Alla1101-11 UO3TH'IeCKOI'O H mmTeficKoro mnpoiso33pennii, KOTOpble 110C'I'e-

neiiiio nancTpeny Hpyr gpyry, o6orammoTem ()Ano 3a C'leT gpy-Toro, H npu 3TOM ungero ne Tep5110T 113 cHonx (man.

Cnoeo6pa3n1 ill yRapnbifi MOMCIIT HyLLIKIIIICK0r0 AllaJ10111, KB1111T3CCe11111451

ero CMb1CJIa — 3T0 chnna.abnam penntwa 3aKJ110 11a101na3 BCCb "Pa3ro-Hop" 14 npon3nece1Inam npo3ofì: "Bbi coHepinenno npaBbi. BOT 13aM mos) py-KOHHCb. YCJI0B14MCH" (II, 330). 3Ta pe1IJIHKa TpaKToBa.nach HCCJICA013aTeRSIM14

no-pa3nomy, 110 npn pa3nbix OTTelIKaX TpaKT0130K Me 01114 CX0)11141111Ch B

nepexoRm na M3bIK IlpO3bi, ripmem np03m MepKaIITHJIMIOil 14 >K14TetiCKOH, no3T

Teprien chBacK0 B RHaJlOre 14 OTKa3131BaJIC54 (4J114 Bbnlym(Hen 6b1Ji oTKa3aThem) 0'1' CB011X aeTeTritiecxnx 110314n141-1.

Hania noribrrxa npoanann3nponaTb "Pa3ro13op" Ha ero JurrepaTypilom

(1)011e, 13 aCCOnHaTI1B110-11091TPleCKOM IIJIane BOCIIpIISIT1151 11 C1351311 C awrope M111114CRCIITHOCTLIO ero noaTnxn, 1103BOJISICT B31'115411yTb na 3Ty pe111114Ky no- nnomy. ECJI14 B cfffinane Kinifonpogarmy, nanninumnemy C npo3m, 3aMaCKI1p0-

nalmoil nog CTI1X11, CTall0 RoeTynno noHnmanne 1103T14 1 1eCK0r0 mnpoHo33pennm BROXII013e1111H, TITO 11 BbIpa314110C13 B ero peim, TO 110'1eMy 1103Ty ne MOR1la

CTaTI, RocTyrma cchepa AmTeileKoil ripo3u npH 'I'OM, 'ITO Oli ne yTpaTrul CBOer0

13 131C0K0r0 1103TH'IeCK0r0 pmeana? 14 noilemy 3TO paeumpenne KOI1TaKT013

1103TH‘leCK0r0 CO311211114S1 C peaJILHOCTLIO ROJI>K110 06313aTenb110 111111 ilopoquTh

Ho3Ta, 1111 H CBEH1eTel1IXTBOBaTb O ero nopai<eiiun'?

To, ‘-fro nponexoRnT e Ilo3Tom B "Pa3r0B0pe" 11 13b1pa)KaeTCH ero ne-

pexogom na SI3LIK IlpO3bl, MO)K110 11a1160J1ee TO‘1110 oupeRenviTh KaK o60ra-inenvie THIla THopmecKoro CO3I1a111151, B031114K11013e1Ille ero milororpamlocTH, AnchchepennHanum ero cchep. Ilpo3a 11o3Ta B chnnane Rnanora — 9TO ne TOJ1b-

KO 14 ne CTOJIbKO nnTepaTypnam chopma, CKOJIbKO Holm% chopma mnpoHo33pe- 06peTaioinam cime aTket(wmioe xygo*ecTuelmoe Hormorgellite. 3Tofi pe-

90 a 5. J7e6Mema

3aHep1ImeTcH RHanormanHn co31IaHHH H )KFI3HCHIIbIX 1103HIVIA r100Ta 14

KHHronpoRanna; H HmeHHO npo3a flo3Ta o6HapywHnaeT co nceìi Harnwo-CTb10 Ty o6i1 ylo Tonxy, rRe nepeceicaloTcH ity*Rble mHpono33peHnecKHe 1-M-

314111414: Tpenomy npaiermy KHHronpoRanny CTallOBHTCSI RocTylnio noimmaime TBOWICCK0F0 CO3HaIIHR H nponecca, a riO3T BK.1110 11aeTC51 B Hell36eNclibie HanHeimbie OTHOLIICHVISI, HC TepHH CBOC1'0 1103THIleCKOPO Rapa.

flo3Tomy CMbICJI 3cTenn1ecxoti KoHneranm "Pa3roBopa xpffironpoRanHa C

1103TOM" HpAR JIH MO)KCT 6b1Tb oRtio3Hanno onpeRenen xax "npoinaline c pomanTH3mom" 14.11H "nepexoR Ha peanHenniecime HO3H11414". Bepnee 6yRer cxa3aTb, TITO 3T0 o6orai14eHHe H pa3BHTHe pomawrvniecxon xoHnennim THop-tiecTna 3a ctieT pacumpeima KOHTaKTOB paHee 3amKnyToro B CC6C 1103TWIC-

CKOTO CO3HaHHH C peaJIbHOCTbIO, ycnoHuieHne cTpyxTyphi 1103THIICCKOr0 mlipo-B033pelIHSI 6naroRapx TOMy, LITO B nero BX0,111IT noHilmaHHe IICH36C)KlIbIX >KH-

TefiCKHX npaxTmecKvix 3anHcHmocTefi, HaxoHen, nhipa6oTica M3bIKa WIS1 nbipa-weHHH aTFIX 3aBHCHMOCTCA — npo3a Hai( chopma mHpono33peHHH, He nepenep-xvinalowaz 11033HK), 110 cylnecTnylon(am B THoptiecKom CO3Hal114H pnRom C Hai,

Ha paBHbIX C Hef npanax.

V. FlaCKOJIbK0 nencoil H yCTOi'IHBOh oxa3anacb 3Ta cHcTema B co3namm TnopilecTne Ilynnuma, CBHACTUIbCTByCT TO 06CTOSITC.TIbCTBO, ,ITO "Pa3roHop xlmronpoRanga C HO3TOM" CTaJI HCTOIIHHKOM RJIM MHo)KecTBa anTopemHHH-ClIellIffin B 1103AFICM TnomecTne flyumma. 3To — oco6an H OTACJIL,112154 TeMa HccneRollaHHH; HO naH6onee HpicHe npfimepm npvinecT0 nce Hce CTOVIT. H ca-moe npnmenaTenbHoe — TO, 11TO B 1103A11CM TB011 1 1CCTBC Hyuncnna npogon-Hcann pa3BHHaThcm KaK TeMa IloaTa, TaK 14 TeMa KIIHronpoRanga. TaK, 0(5 yRep)KanHH B 1103;111eM TnomecTne TlylincHHa 6eccnopHon 11C11110CTH poMaH-TH3Ma — ero CHOCO6HOCTI4 )1aTb S13b1K shipaHcennz Tailnam Tnopnecxoro tipo-necca — cHuReTenhcineT TO, LITO 3Hamenwram "chopmyna 13)VOXHOBeHlISI", Ile0-

AHoKpanio nommaknnam B nHpince H npo3e Ilynnuma 1830-x Fon" nnep-nbie oTnyulach B cnoem naH6onee o(iinem HHRe Hmelmo B "Pa3roBope..", nepHom mononore BoaTa:

"Pa3roHop..." "OceHb" (1833)

14 TSDKKI4M, nsiameHHbim Henyrom

Bbina nonHa most rnana;

B Fla1 rpeabi 4130111ble po)KnanHcb;

B pa3mephi erpofiHble c'reKanHcb

MOH nocnywHbie CJ10Ba

3a6bnuno mHp — 14 B CllaaK0r1 THIBHHC

CaaRK0 yChIFIRCH MOBM Hoo6pa>KeHbem,

npo6y>Knae1'csi noaanm BO mHe:

Tlywa crecHgercz suirninecKum BOJIHelibeM,

Tperle414eT 11 anynnT, H HtneT, KaK BO cHe,

"Pa3zoHop lernizonpoòcunga e noarnom" 91

H 3BOHKOil aambiKanH 113JIHTbC31 HaKoHen, CB060RHbIM nposnmeHbem

(11, 325)

1'I MbICJIN B ronoHe B011HylOTCH B OTBare,

14 imcpmbi nerKne Hancrpegy HM 6eryr,

nanbnbi npocsrrcz K nepy, nepo K 6yMare.

MnHyra — n CTHXH CB060)B10 noTeKyr (111, 321).

"ErkinercKne H0'IH" (1835)

0)(Han(b1 yrpom 1-lapcmú1 myscmosan 6.naro)(aTHoe pacnono*eHne gyxa,

Korga merrravniz SIBCTBeHHO pmcyKyrca nepeg 1341MH, H Bbl o6pe1'acre *HBble,

HCO*11)1,3HHble CJ10133 BonnoLgeHma BIARCHHil Haunx, Korga C'I'HXH JlerK0

sio*arcz 110a nepo Balde n 3Br4Hble pHcpmbi 6ery1' HaBcwegy urpoilHoil MbICJIH.

441pCKHti norpy*eH 6bin gyinolo B cnaRorrHoe 3a6BeHme [....] H CBCT, H MHCHHH

nera, n ero co6c.rHeHHbie npugyRbi )41141 Hero He cyukensoHann. — OH nncan

c'rwoi (V111, 264).

C gpyroil CTOp011bI, npo6JleMa npocpecenonanbuoem nnTepaTypnoro Tpy-

ga, OTIIHBIllaACH B nnchmax Hyanuma B chopmyne "nnmy Ansi ce6H — nenaTaio

Ansi gener" 14 nonyinumasi nagionee 'ICTKOe Bmpa)Kenne B nocnegnem mono-nore KmifonpogaBga ("He npogaeTen BnoximBenbe, // Ho MO)K110 pyxonncb npogam"), OT3b1BaCTCSI B 1103THIeM THopnecTEse llyunuma B 11e3aBep111etmom CTHXOTB0p1 10M na6pocxe 1835 roga:

Ha 3'1'0 cKa*yr mHe C yJIbl6K010 HeRepHoll:

Cmarpwre, Bbl 1103T yKJ1oHHbI11, nkmemepHbai,

BbI Hac mopowre — Ham coma He Hy*Ha,

CMCWHOil n cyeTHosi Ham Ka)Ke'I'cI oHa:

3a'leM ace ~ere? — )k.nsi ce62. — Ha wro *e

fleqa.racre [HA? — ARA ReHer. Ax, moti 6o*e!

KaK erbunio! Floqemy i ? (111, 254).

3gech Tax Ke, KaK 14 13 imcbmax 1823-24 rogoB, H B "Pa3ronope KI1H-

ronpoRaB1[a C 1103TOM" CTaJIKHBalOTCA MOTHBhI cnaBBI n Jlelrer B KanecTBe narpagm nnTepaTypnoro Tpy)a, CB06011a 1103TH‘leCKOH mumBligyanlinocTz B TBopneeme 14 ee BKIIIWICIIIIOCTI.3 13 CHCTM W1131 lel I I I blX npaKTvotecicllx OT-

>KwracKam 3a1314CHMOCTb. B H3BeCTIIOM cmbic.ne cnosa MO71010 CKa-

3aTb, TITO 14 "ErHIleTCKHe HO'IH", H ne3aBepme1nBM na6p000x (o6a nponne-) ermx 1835 roga) — HOBTOpSHOT He TO.1113K0 OCHOBIlble MOTHBbI "Pa3r0B0pa",

HO 14 BOCI1p01i3BOTHIT gnanornnecKylo eTpyKTypy 3TOT0 upoil3HeRenin. Tal( Konnennim, Bmpa6oTamm1 H Bmpawennam xygoNcecTBenno B 1824 rogy, Ae-

TallbH0 11OBTOpaeTCA H na HOBOM ypoBne pa3MATIISI IIyLIIKnnCKoi :3CTeTH-

MCCKOH MbICJIH.

92 0. 1-3. letWe«a

0)411aK0 B 3TOM COHOCTaBlICHHH "Pa3P0B0pa" C n03gFizm THOWIeCTBOM

flpHIIIIHI1HaBbl IO Ba>Kno He CTOJII,K0 o6napy>Keame yCTOPPIFIBIAX MOTHBOB, CKOJIbKO cBoeo6pa3Boe "nponBnelme" >KaupoBofi TeBgellumn, 13 KO-

Topofi 3TH MO111131,1 npogonncaloT cpynKBuonzpoBaTb. 14 "OceBb", n "EFH-

IICTCKHe I1~1", 14 "Ha 3T0 cKa>KyT xapaierepBaymTcn 0)411I4M 06I1UHM

3CTCTFIneCKIIM 14 1103TOJI0rWleCKIIM npllanaKom. 3T0 OTpbIBKFI, nmem B

CTHXOTB0pCIIHH "OCCHI," CJIOBO "OnbIBOK" BI,1 110111 I SICT chyumuno >KanpoBoro nogaaronoma, a BpomaBegeavin 1835 roga — o6a — Ile 3aBepuleinA fly111KH1 1b1M,

14 B 3TOM cmbicne o6nagaioT Brieumeti chopmoù oTpbunca, CIO)KeTHOH oTKpbi-TOCTb10. 14 aBTOpCMHIIHC11CHT110e coomoinefule "PaaroBopa", To>Ke mero OTKpbITbIH (l)man, H B 3TOM cmbicne (pparmeBTapBoro TCKCTa, C II03R-

IIHMH OTphIBKaMH Hy111KHI Ia KaK 6bI "BbICBen1413aeT" )1(alipoBoe cBoeo6pa3ne Ilil camom Rene 13110111'e aaKomennoro ByniKnucKoro TCKCTa.

)1(anpoBoe cBoeo6pame "Pa3ronopa KunronpogaBga c no3TOM" BcoT-gennmo OT T01%.1 pomi, KoTopylo npegBamanan emy HyUIKnn, H 3Ta p011b gyinue Ilcero Bbipaannacb 13 ncTop14 ripn>Knanemibix By6in1Ka11Bil npo-maBegemin. HpH CBOCH nepBoù ny6n11KaBBB "Pa3roBop KmAronpogamAa C 1103TOM" Bb1110.11I1211 cpyinuuno nponora-npegllcnomm K OTACJII,1 10My H3,11a1 11410

nepBofi Mal3b1 "EBremin OnerBna". B 3TOM 113WIIIHH, 0611aRa10111CM 110JI I 1011

3CTeTIIIICCKOH aI3T01 10MHOCTbIO, "Paaronop" minlman cpegnamoe nono)Kenue, OH 6bIJI BTOpIAM nnenom TperlacTuoil KOMII03H1H401 1110P1 CTpyKTypbl, omphi-Baionkeficz npo3aH'ICCKHM npegmcnomiem "BOT Hagano CIOJI 1,1110P0 CTHX0T130-

pelmsi, KoTopoe BepOSITI IO IIC 6y,EICT OK011 ,1e1 10..." (VI, 638) H aaBepwaio-IACIICH TCKCTOM nepBoil rnaBbi pomalla 13 cuocax. B 3TOM nce TeKCTOBOM CO-

CTaBe nepBan rnaBa "EBrenm Onermra" 6bina wropiltwo nagaBa B 1829 rogy. flepBoe nonBoe maganBe pomana 13 camax B1,1111J10 B 1833 rogy; 14 143 3T0F0

naganun flyancun FICKII 10 ,1143 Fl npoaannecKoe npegmcnoBne, B"PaaroBop KIIH-

roripoRaBga c no:from". Ho 13 1835 rogy, cormpan nocneguzil, HeTBCpT1,11-1 TOM C13014X CTHX0-

TBopelimi,32 flyinmin 13KJI 10n1411 13 Hero "Paaronop Kupironpogamla C nouTom", "KaK nocnecnonne no BCCM gemipem MaCTSIM". 33 ECJ1H ynecTb, Tro nppunwri pacnono>KeBust CTHXOTBOpell 14171 B co6pamm Hyrunina 6bin cTporo xpollono-rwiecKnm, 34 H tieTBepTan nacm co6pannn BKJI10qaCT npoll3Bege1I4si 1833-

32 Ornxurnopenns AneKcanApa Flya<nna. g. 1 - 1826, 1829 rr. 2 - 1829 r. '-I. 3 — 1838 r. 1..4 — 1835 r.

CMIlpHOB-COKOJIbCK1111 H. 11. PaccKa3bl O Flp11>K143HCHHbIX 113RaHlISIX

MOCKBa. 143R-B0 BeeCOK)3H0fi KHIDKHOil nasiaTbi. 1962, C. 379. 34 3THM 06 -651CHACCCA BTOpW41-10C manne nepno6 qacni co6pannm. B 1826 roRy

113)taHLIC 61,1110 co6pano >KyKOBCKIIM no >Kanponomy npunnnny. B 1829 rogy,

"Puaz(nwp Kulaonp(Aumga c noamoAt" 93

1835 FOROB, TO TaKOC II0J10>Kel1He "Pa3roBopa", nanne:minor° B 1824 FORy,

5113CTI3C11110 BbIRCIISICT Cro 113 BCCX HyLLIKHIICKDIX CTIIXOT130pCIIH13. B 311A ny- 6J114Kag1114 nponor K pomany B cTvixax CTaHOBHTCH CBOCO6pa311b1M 3IIHJIOFOM K

HYLLIKHIICKA JII4PHKe.

Kpome 3T11X Tpex ny6mvixaunil, B KOTOpbIX "Pa3F0130p" BX0M4T B miTep- TexeTyanmbie ewilieTBa, IIyunum invxorRa H nurRe 6onbine IIC negaTan cBoero 3eTeTwiecicoro mainuteeTa OTAW1b110. "Pa3roBop" 00O311aBaJICH HM

TOJILKO B CBH314 C Apyrumn ero npon3BeRemmmu, 11 B 3TOM cmbiene ero, 6e3- yenoBno, Ammalo na3BaTb cpparme11Tom. 35

sulla 113 npvimettaTenblibix oco6ein10cTeil "Pa3roBopa" — 3T0 ero imun-g111114aJlb11a51 BbIKJIIWICIIIIOCTb 143 TpaRvinnoinion )Kanporioil C14CTCMbl 3110X14.

3T0 ripo113Begeinve Ilyanuma F1C yKMIA1,113aeTCA 1111 13 Kaxylo )KaupoBylo na-paBvirmy: olio ne HB.TIACTCH 1111 wieriveri, HH 621.1.1aRofi, 1114 nocnainvem. BOJlee

Toro, ero pogoBasi CI1CLHCj1HKa TON(C IIC coiscem mena: turo 3T0, JummiecKoe HI114 ApamaTvirlecxoe npon3BeBenne? FIrm 3TOM onpeRenennue >KanpoBbie pogoBbie TellRelIgH11 13 "Pa3rolsope" Bee )Ke ouvyTnmbi, 11 0114YTIIMb1 01114 6na-roRapsi 3axony ero 1103THKH, pemunnelveirniocTvi 11 aiiTopemmincivenTnocTn.

XapaxTepnan llepTa TBOIYICCK0F0 CO311aHHH FlyLIIKHIla — 3TO MbILIIJICHHC

JIHTepaTypI1b1M14 CTI1J1HMH, 31060Bb K "roToBbim ctiopmynam", CJIOBy KaK "JICK-

CWIeCKOMy TOHY", 3aMCI1SHOLLICMY panepnyToe 01111Cal1HC. 36 PCMIIIIFICHCHT-

110CTI, 14 al3T0pCMIIIIIICIICIITHOCTb Ily1IIKIIIICKHX TCKC'I'OB — 3TO ORM' 113 Rinuinbix ripnemoB peaJI143a141111 Taxoro Tflfa TisomecKoro comaninv, epejvc3Bo pa3- ABH)KeI11451 BnyTpennivx rpainm Autiipa, e110co6 yBenniienim 06pa3110-cmm- CJI01304.0 110TCHI414aJla TCKCTa npvi Cpa1311HTC.111110 KOMIIaKTIIOM CF° 0613CMC.

ABTOpCMIIIIVICHC11111411 Bb1110JIIIHIOT ripe>luve 13CCF0 AuinpoBylo 4)ylIK141410. OT-

Bnexamcb OT. onpegeneintoro )malipolioro KOIITCKCTa 11 nepemeniasich 13 )ipyron, peM1411HCII,ellnli 11,1111 ipiTaTa Bilyrpu HyLIIKI4IICK0F0 TCKCTa 3axmotiacT B ce6e aecounaTuBilyio IlaN1SITL 11CX0R110F0 )Kaiipa, KoTopax npoBo.ruKaeT chynx-

COX pa IIOJIHOCTIA0 ero COCTaI3, Flynimm IIC pC KON1 II O HOI36113aCT CO l3 xpouo.norn-

qccKom nopsukKe.

35 C1IeRVIaJ11>F10 >KaH py °Timm MI II '1110 CCTI3C n yw, II Ha 110C11SIIII,C1-11,1 ABC pa60T >I:

CaHJIOM Il C K1151 B. B. O1'p1,1110K lì 110:J31111 nylli KH Ha RI3a)klIaTNIX FOM013 // n yln KIIH.

CCJICROBal-1112 u maTepuania. T. IX. Tleuuurpag 1979, C. 69-82. B cTaTbe pac-

C M aTp1113aCTCA Cf O II H ali >KaupoBam Pa3H01311MHOCTI, a HT01101 . 41'ICC K 11 1 oTpbu10K, CBSI-

3aHHI,1 C BOCHpllwl'HCM nyWKHHbIM1103311H A. LLICH >i<C: Llyntak. on IO. 1-4.

"Ocem," FIyunuma 13 acneicre erpywrypht 11 )1“1 H pa // nylIl HCKuN C6OpHIIK. FICK013,

1972. 3nech O fl VIC a H psuk THHOJIOI N4CCKVIX li p 413H a K 013 >Kaupa, 13 TOM MICJIC C l'o

oco6eunasi C M KOCT6 [Tu HC00.71b11101■1 0613CMC N BHCIIIHAA CIO>ECTH a51 o6opBauuocTb.

36 TI.IHAHOB IO. H. LI yllIKIM H Cf ° coBpemetmmi. MocKBa 1968, C. 14)).

94 0. E. Jlefieòem

14140HHp0BaTb B HOBOM KOHTeKCTe H TaKHM o6pa3om yCSIOACHneT ero WaH-

posyk) cTpyKTypy. PeM111-111C14ell 1411H II anTopemHHHcneHHHH B "Pa3rOBOpe" C13413bIBalOT ero c

KOJIOCCaJIMIbIM KOJIWIeCTBOM CTVIJIeBbIX H xcaHpoBbix Tpamnuul He TOSIbK0

pyccxon, HO H 3ananHoeHponencxon nwrepaTypbn mecb nen3a*Haa H Culo-cocpcxan nignuca >KyKoHcKoro, ero nocnaHnz H 6annanbb H nocnalmn ancona, H no3mbi EaPipoHa, H parei FeTe, a Tax>xe nocnaHnz, 3nerHH, HllexcaHpon.ble CTIIXOTBOpeHHH, HaKOHeI4, 3nHcTonsipHa1i npo3a H "EBTe1114i1

0HerHH" camoro Hp:111mm. EnaroAapn 3TOMy KOSIOCCaJlbHOMy aCCOL4HaTHB-

Homy cpoHy BOCIlpHSITH51 TeKCT "Pa3F0B0pa Km4ronpoRanga C HO3TOM" KaK 6b1

npeBbnuaeT CBOfi CO6CTBeHlIbI11 o61em: peMHHHCIACHTHOCTb H awropemymuc-11eHTHOCTL ero 1103THKI4 IlpHBOAHT K Tomy, CITO Hneume 3anepinennwn TeKCT,

HMe101141411 Hanano H xoHen, HainumeT HocripmfflmaTben )4ePiCTBHTe.T1bH0 KaK

cl)parMeHT ):11341)KeH1151 MbICJIH, 3apornunueficn B nHpluce Flyuncima 1823 roAa H

Ho3o6Hossunolneilcsi B npoH3Heneimax 1835 roga. MHoronmcneuHme npoemAHH B npeninecTsylowee H nocnenylowee THopnecmo FlyancHHa genaloT 3TO

chopmanbHo 3aneplueHHoe ripoH3HeneHHe, co3naHnoe Ha nepenome TBOWIeCKHX

npnHnHnon CBOeO6pa3HbIM "cpeAmaim 3BeHOM" pa3BHTHH 11y1IIKFIIICKA 3CTeT14-

memA MbICJIH.

OTC10)4a — HeO6bIKHOBeHHaH HHyrpeinnul eMKOCTb 3TOTO HHewaHpoHoro npoHne;_keHmn, COTKaHHOTO 113 acconHamn H pempnincneHnHfi, xoTopme npe-o6paykyr ero *axponyx) cnywrypy, coo61naz eN "CHOCO6HOCTb HIITeITCHBHO

axxymynHpoHaTb CMbICJI Ha coxpaineHHom CJI0BeCHOM npocTpancme". 37 3THM >xe CB0fACTBOM HOBblaleITHA myTpeHHeil eMKOCTH 6yRyT o6nanaTb FI nyuncHH-cicHe cpparmewrbi 1830-x ro)oB, miele xax "OceHb (0Tpbmox)" n "...BHOBb H

nocemn". XapaKTepHo, CITO 3T0 oco6e11Hoe KaneCTBO "Pa3roBopa" OTMeTHJIH yxce

naH6onee nyTKHe H3 coHpememuncon IlyancHna H B nacTilocTH, TOHKHIÌ KpH-THK H ymnbin 11eHHTeJIb nyLUKHHa, II. A. FIneTHem 22 smapn 1825 rema, HO

3HaKOMCTBe C "Pa3F0B0p0M...", HJIeTHeB numeT Flyummy:

Ho pa3roBop c KHHronpoRaBuFem Bepx yMa, Bxyca N BROXHOBeHHA. SI y>t< HC

roBopFo O cTfixax: MCHA y6HBacurBoa noi-mica. H11 0)11111 FleMel1KIA npocheccop He yRepacHT 13 nyRoBoll FuiccepTagmt C'I'OJIbKO nopaaxa, HC nomecTHT CTOJIbK0

mbicneii H He RoxaaceT Tal( ACHO cBoero npeRno*eHna. Meamy Tem Kaxam ciFoCío)Fa B xoge! (XIII, 133).

FIneTHen oTmenaeT B CBOeM OT3bIBe nHa Rei CTBHTe.TIb110 cTpyKTypHo- 14

>xaHpoo6pa3yiounlx npH3Haxa "Pa3ronopa": ero oco6eHHyIo eMKOCTb, H.TIOT-

37 ilymaKoB IO. H. "OceHb" nytHICHHa 13 acnewre urpyierypbi H acaHpa, c. 39.

" Pa320(tOp ictilizonpoòumw c noamo.m"

95

Hyio HacbIWeHHocm CMbICJIOM H oprammoe coneTaHHe "yMa", ".1101TIKH",

"maicner, 110 11TH Harmoti TOLIHOCTFI C TH1114 ,1110 TBOMeCK141■414, HO3THI1eCKHM14

KaTeropHsimu "ajloxHoseHHR" H "cao6oga1". 3cTemmecKasi ReKnapamm, 131.1-

pa>xenHasi xmoxcecrraeHno — TaK MO)KHO nepeaeura Ha coapemeHmiti H3LIK

MbICS114 IlneTHeaa.

TaKHM o6pnom, npogenaHHaiii mann 1103BOJI1ICT yTOI1HHTb ›KaHpoabie npH3HaKH acTemnecKoro mainaPecTa Ilyumma, HpHHHHHHanaHog oco6eH-HOCT1,10 KOTOpOPO SIBIISIeTC51 ero BHe110110)KHOCTL TpamHnomloti cHureme 1114-

pwieciclx N(aapos. 3TO, ripenle acero mr-repaTypHaN aCCOHIIIITHBHOCTL, KaK

3aKOH HO3THKH, o6peTaionkan cime rionnoweHHe 13 CSIO)K11011 nepexpecTiloil cHcTeme sinTepaTypHaix peMHIIHCHell11Hà H aairopemHHHcHeHmil. 3TOT HpHem B 1103THKe flyuncHHa mHorochymmHoHanew pemllnucneHHHH H aaTopemHHH-cHeHHHH, nocpeAcTaom aHaJIorHII n npoTHaonocrraanellkul, O6JIeKaIOT camy nJIOTI 11yILIKHIICK011 3cTeTwiecKoil MbICRH, o6Hapy)KHaa1oT gllasiorHilecKyio ripmpoRy B3a1MOJACIICTB1Y1 pambix rpaHeil 3T011 mbic.rn4 H (popmHpyRyr oco6eHHylo myrpeHmoio eMKOCTI. 3CTeTWIeCKOM maHHchecTa KaK ›KaHpa.

ABTOpeMI4HVICLICH11111 aHyTpH HyllIKHIICK040 TBOWICCTBa CHOC-

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