Variability on a Small Scale Optimizing Sampling Protocol Implementing Sampling Protocol Preserving Sample Integrity Analytical ErrorIntro 1INTRODUCTION

Optimizing Sampling Protocol In Situ Nugget Effect Fundamental Sampling Error Grouping & Segregation ErrorIntro 2

Implementing Sampling Protocol Increment Delimitation Error Increment Extraction ErrorIntro 3 Increment Weighting Error

Preserving Sample Integrity Increment Preparation Errors

Contamination Error Loss Error Alteration Error Human Error Fraud & SabotageIntro 4

Analytical Error Scope Versus Principle Additive Interferences Proportional Interferences Drying Temperature Baseline Dissolution Technique Composition of Dissolution Residues Contamination and LossesIntro 5

Variability on a Large Scale Interpolation Error Time Space

Periodic Error Increment Weighting ErrorIntro 6

Setting PrioritiesEffect of Problem

Large

Small SmallLarge

Cost of fixing problemYes

by all means!Yes

but do a feasibility studyYes

nothing tolooseNoIntro 7

Setting Priorities for Sampling Gold,or base metalsEffect of Problem

Large

Small SmallLarge

Cost of fixing problemSPC6 sigmaTQMFSEIPEGSEIDE IEEAESampling IntervalIn Situ Nugget EffectSampling Mode

IWEIntro 8Bias TestCorrecting FactorRound Robin

The Three-legged TableCompany Benefits

EffectiveManagementCorrectSampling

UnderstandingVariabilityIntro 9

Effective Management Identify Structural ProblemsIntro 10 Invest in Solutions to Structural Problems Identify Circumstantial Problems Time & Money Can Be Saved on Circumstantial Problems Understand and Act on All Sources of Variability Be Proactive Instead of Reactive

Correct Sampling In Situ Nugget EffectIntro 11 Grouping & Segregation Error Increment Delimitation ErrorIncrement Extraction Error Analytical Error Fundamental Sampling Error Increment Preparation Errors Interpolation Error Periodic Error Increment Weighting Error

Understanding Variability Variability Generates Visible and Invisible CostsIntro 12 Variability is a Problem and an Opportunity There are Many Kinds of Variability Minimize Variability by a Constant Improvement Strategy All Sampling Errors Magnify Variability Geostatistics Analyzes Variability at the Mine Chronostatistics Analyzes Variability at the Plant