Actual Measurements

José Agostinho

University of Azores and Meteorological Institute

- Meteorological instrumentationPressure

Temperature

Relative humidity

Win Direction

Win Velocity

- UV-Radiation (BREWER MK-II)Ozone total column

Sulphur dioxide total column

- Sun tracker (Kipp&Zonen AP2)Longwave downwelling radiation flux (Kipp&Zonen CG4)

Direct solar irradiance (Eppley NIP)

Global radiation (Kipp&Zonen CM11)

Diffuse radiation (Kipp&Zonen CM11)

Aerosol optical depth (Middleton SP02BSRN)

CLIMAAT-TERCEIRA-NARE

University of Azores

- Aethalometer (AE-31)Aerosol absorption coefficients

University of Azores and Meteorological Institute

- Meteorological instrumentationPressure

Temperature

Relative humidity

Win Direction

Win Velocity

- NDIR (ADC model RF2G)Carbon Dioxide

- UV absorption (DASIBI – 1003 PC)Ozone

BASE A4 - Lajes

Meteorological Institute

- Radio soundings (RS92-SGP)

AZores Observation NETwork - AZONET

Collaborators:

The implementation of this atmospheric observation network has been supported by a number of international collaborators and

agencies:

Portugal: University of Azores, Meteorological Institute, Association for the Study of the Insular Environment, Air Force (Base das

Lajes), Regional Civil Protection, Madalena do Pico Fire Department, Terceira Customs, Regional Government of Azores.

United States of America: Michigan Technological University, University of Colorado - Boulder, Air Force, American consulate.

Sponsors:Portugal

Direcção Regional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Governo Regional dos Açores (Projecto M1.2.1/I/006/2005 e M3.2.1/I/013/2005)

FEDER-INTERREG IIIB (Açores, Madeira e Canárias) (Projects CLIMAAT - MAC 2.3/A.3; CLIMAAT II - 03/MAC/2.3/A.5;

CLIMARCOST – 05/MAC/2.3/A1)

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Project POCTI-32649-CTA-2000 e bolsa SFRH/BD/9049/2002)

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Project POCTI-32649-CTA-2000; grant SFRH/BD/9049/2002)

United States of America

United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (grants NA16GP1658, NA86GP0325,

NA03OAR4310002 and NA03OAR4310072)

United States Nacional Science Foundation (NSF) (grants ATM-0215843 e INT-0110397)

José Agostinho site (38º39’36’’N, 27º13’26’’ W, 90 m)

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Direct Radiation

Meteorological Balloon Lunching (Base A4 - Lajes:38º44’N, 27º04’ W, 113 m )

PICO Mountain site

(38,471ºN; 28,403ºW; 2225 m)

Base Aérea nº4 Lajes

CLIMAATCLIMAATCLIMAATCLIMAAT

Observatório do Ambiente dos Açores Observatório do Ambiente dos Açores –– Universidade dos Açores Universidade dos Açores –– Universidade de La LagunaUniversidade de La Laguna

Universidade de Universidade de Las Las Palmas GC Palmas GC -- Centro de Geofísica da Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Geofísica da Universidade de Lisboa –– Instituto de Meteorologia de PortugalInstituto de Meteorologia de Portugal

CLIMA E METEOROLOGIA DOS ARQUIPÉLAGOS ATLÂNTICOS

CLIMAAT-TERCEIRA-NARE site (38.775ºN; 27.360ºW; 145m)

Papers Submitted for publication with data from AZONET1 -C.A. Pio, M. Legrend, T. Oliveira, J. Afonso, C. Santos, P. Fialho, F. Barata, H. Puxbaum, A. Gelencsér, S. Preunkert, M. Schock, 2006, Climatology of aerosol composition

(organic versus inorganic) at non-urban areas on a West-East transect across Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, Composition and Chemistry

Special Issue.

2 -T. Oliveira, C.A. Pio, A.J.D. Silvestre, M. Evtyugina, J. Afonso, P. Fialho, M. Legrand, H. Puxbaum, A. Gelencsér, 2006, Seasonal variation of particulate organic compound

concentrations at background sites in Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, Composition and Chemistry Special Issue.

3 -T. Oliveira, C.A. Pio, A.J.D. Silvestre, C. Alves, M. Evtyugina, J. Afonso, P. Fialho, M. Legrand, H. Puxbaum, A. Gelencsér, 2006, Organic tracers in atmospheric aerosols

collected over a transect from the Atlantic Ocean to Central Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, Composition and Chemistry Special Issue.4 -M. Freitas, I. Dionisio, P. Fialho, F. Barata, 2006, Aerosol chemical elemental mass concentration of lower free troposphere. Journal of Nuclear Instruments and Methods.

5 -F. Barata, P. Fialho, 2006, Black Carbon (BC) mass concentrations monitoring at North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer (MBL), “6th International Symposium on Advanced

Environmental Monitoring” proceedings, Heidelberg, 27-30 June, Germany.

Papers Published or Accepted for Publication with data from AZONET1 -J. Kleissl, R. E. Honrath, R. C. Owen, M. Val Martin, M. P. Dziobak, D. Helmig, D. Tanner, 2006, The occurrence of upslope flows at the Pico mountain observatory: a case

study of orographic flows on small, volcanic islands, J. Geophys. Res., in press.

2 -C. Alves, T. Oliveira, C.A. Pio, A.J.D. Silvestre, P. Fialho, F. Barata, M. Legrand, 2006, Characterisation of carbonaceous aerosols from the Azorean island of Terceira.

Accept for publication in the Atmospheric Environment, ATMENV-D-06-00776R1.

3 -M.Val Martin, R.E. Honrath, R.C. Owen, G. Pfister, P. Fialho, F. Barata, 2006, Significant ehancements of nitrogen oxides, black carbon, and ozone in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere resulting from North American boreal wildfires., Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 111, D23S60, DOI:10.1029/2006JD007530.

4 - G. G. Pfister, L. K. Emmons, P. G. Hess, R. Honrath, J.-F. Lamarque, M. Val Martin, R. C. Owen, M. A. Avery, E. V. Browell, J. S. Holloway, P. Nedelec, R. Purvis, R. B.

Ryerson, G. W. Sachse, and H. Schlager, 2006, Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24S07,

DOI:10.1029/2006JD007695.

5 -M. Val Martin, R. E. Honrath, R. C. Owen, G. Pfister, P. Fialho, and F. Barata, 2006, Significant enhancements of nitrogen oxides, black carbon and ozone in the North

Atlantic lower free troposphere resulting from North American boreal wildfires, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S60, doi:10.1029/2006JD007530.

6 -R. C. Owen, O. Cooper, A. Stohl, and R. E. Honrath, 2006, An analysis of the mechanisms of North American pollutant transport to the central North Atlantic lower free

troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S58, doi:10.1029/2006JD007062.

7 -K. Lapina, R. E. Honrath, R. C. Owen, and M. Val Martin, 2006, Evidence of significant large-scale impacts of boreal fires on ozone levels in the midlatitude Northern

Hemisphere free troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18015, doi:10.1029/2006GL025878.

8 -J. Kleissl and R. E. Honrath, 2006, Analysis and application of Sheppard's airflow model to predict mechanical orographic lifting and the occurrence of mountain clouds, J. Appl. Met. and Clim., Vol. 45, No. 10, pages 1376-1387.

9 -D. Tanner, D. Helmig, J. Hueber and P. Goldan, 2006, A gas chromatography system for the automated, unattended, and cryogen-free monitoring of C2 to C6 non-methane

hydrocarbons in the remote troposphere, J. Chrom. 1111, pages 76-88.

10-P. Fialho, M.C. Freitas, F. Barata, B. Vieira, A.D.A. Hansen, R.E. Honrath, 2006, The Aethalometer calibration and determination of iron concentration in dust aerosols,

Journal of Aerosol Science, 37(11), 1497-1506, DOI:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.03.002.

11-P. Fialho, A.D.A. Hansen, R.E.Honrath, 2005, Absorption Coefficients by Aerosols in Remote Areas: A New Approach to Decouple Dust and Black Carbon Absorption

Coefficient Using Seven-Wavelength Aethalometer data. Journal of Aerosol Science, 36(2), 267-282, DOI:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.09.004.

12-R.E. Honrath, R.C. Owen, M.Val Martin, J.S. Reid, E. Prins, P. Fialho, M.P. Dziobak, K. Lapina, J. Kleissl, 2004, Regional and hemispheric impacts of anthropogenic and

biomass burning emissions on summertime CO and O3 in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 109, D24310,

DOI:10.1029/2004JD005147.

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Pico with MBL impact

Pico Model (r=0.898)

Terceira Model (r=0.889)

Terceira

C BC (Terceira) (ng/m3) = (14,0±5,7) + (1,02±0,21) C BC (Pico) (ng/m

3) r = 0,843

Triangles represent the remote GAW sites

(Red – Below 1000 m a.s.l.; Green – Above 1000 m a.s.l.)

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Mauna Loa

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South Pole

AZONET

Point Barrow

Alert

Neumayer

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Mace Head Sodankylä

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Cape PointAmsterdam Island Cape Grim

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Bukit Kototabang

Zeppelin

Mountain

CLIMAAT-TERCEIRA-NARE

José Agostinho

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Pico Mountain

Base A4 - Lajes

São Jorge

Graciosa

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Terceira

CLIMAAT-TERCEIRA-NARE

José Agostinho

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Pico Mountain

Base A4 - Lajes

São Jorge

Graciosa

Pico

Terceira

Monthly averages of BC aerosol

from July 2001 through December

2004, calculated from the

Aethalometer measurements after

removing the dust contamination.

Color spots represent 10min average aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500nm, calculated from the

data measured (5s time resolution) at José Agostinho site with the four wavelength photometer

(SP02 - 412, 500, 675, 872 nm) from 7, August 2004 through 15, May 2006.

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Color curves represent daily average values of total Ozone column, measured at José Agostinho site

with the BREWER MKII (#102), from mid June 2004 through mid August 2006. The black curve

pretends to represent the seasonal behavior of the total Ozone column.

The figure represent the BC and iron (present on dust) aerosol concentrations,

monitored and sampled at Pico Mountain site with one Aethalometer (AE31). This

information is compared with the Carbon Monoxide also sampled during the same

period. The black dotted vertical lines identify the point of end/start of the

aethalometer sampling spots.

Pico Mountain

University of Azores

- Aethalometer (AE-31)Aerosol absorption coefficients

Michigan Technological University

- Meteorological instrumentationPressure

Temperature

Relative humidity

Win Direction

Win Velocity

- NDIR (Modified Thermo Environment Inc. Model 48C-TL)Carbon Monoxide

- UV absorption (Thermo Environment Inc. Model 48C-TL)Ozone

- Developed by Mich. Tech. Univ.Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NOy)

University of Colorado, Boulder

- Gas ChromatographyNon-Methane Hydrocarbons

Faial

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