Az Elelmiszergazdasag Kulkereskedelme 201412 ENG

Volume Volume XVIII., Issue 3, 2015

Statistical reports

AGRICULTURAL TRADE OF HUNGARY IN 2014

Az élelmiszergazdaság külkereskedelme

Agricultural trade of Hungary

Volume XVIII., Issue 3, 2015

Published monthly

March 2015

Editor

Dr. Szabolcs Vágó

Authors

Éva Varga

[email protected]

Bertalan Kruppa

[email protected]

Published by

Research Institute of Agricultural Economics

H-1093 Budapest, Zsil utca 3-5.

Mailing Address: H-1463 Budapest, Pf.: 944

Phone: (+36 1) 476-3088

Fax: (+36 1) 476-3304

www.aki.gov.hu

[email protected]

https://asir.aki.gov.hu

ISSN 1418 2130

In case you need information about other publications:

Zsolt Mihók

Phone: (+36 1) 476-3064

All rights reserved. Reproduction of any parts of the document as

well as storing, transmission or use of data (in written or elec-

tronic format) with any kind of database manager is only possible

with the prior written permission of the publisher.

http://www.aki.gov.hu/

mailto:[email protected]


3

Agricultural trade of Hungary in 2014

Export of agricultural and food products declined

by 3 percent, that of import grew by 4,5 percent in

2014, the trade surplus went down by 12 percent in

comparison to 2013.

The export value of agricultural products amounted

to 7796 million EUR, the import value accounted for

4666 million EUR and the trade balance showed a

3130 million EUR surplus in 2014 (Figure 1).

The export and import volume of agricultural prod-

ucts expanded by 4,4 and 8,4 percent, respectively, the

export price index droped by 6,7 percent, that of im-

port decreased by 3,6 percent in the period under re-

view.

The share of agri-food products in the total export

of the national economy contracted by 0,6 percentage

point after showing positive trend in the previous

years. That of import stagnated and represented 6 per-

cent in 2014, similarly to 2013.

Figure 1: The evolution of the agricultural trade of Hungary (2009-2014)

Source: prepared by the Statistics Department of AKI on the basis of KSH data

The export value of 15 out of the 24 agricultural

commodity groups increased in 2014 comparing to the

previous year. Edible preparations (CN21) recorded the

greatest expansion (+63 million EUR) after the value of

the product group “preparations not elsewhere specified

or included” (e.g.: protein concentrates and textured

protein substances) increased by 32 percent in compar-

ison to a year earlier. Prepared animal fodder (CN23)

registered the second highest increase (34 million

EUR), driven by the dynamic grow in the export of pet

food. The export value of pastrycooks’ products (CN19)

saw a 27 million EUR grow in 2014. The greatest re-

duction was witnessed by animal or vegetable fats and

oils (CN15) (-116 million EUR) after the export value

of sunflower and rapeseed oil dropped by 96 and 13 mil-

lion EUR, respectively.

The export of sugar and sugar confectionery (CN17)

fell by 99 million EUR, that of import was up by 17

million EUR. The export value of cereals (CN10) de-

creased by 6 percent (-83 million EUR) due to the lower

prices. It is notable that the export of beverages, spirits

and vinegar (CN22) as well as living animals (CN01)

declined by 46 and 42 million EUR, respectively.

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

bil

lio

n E

UR

Export value Import value Balance

Share of agricultural export Share of agricultural import


4

In import – similarly to export – edible preparations

(CN21) saw the greatest increase (+32 million EUR) on

the back of the rise in the import value of the product

group “preparations not elsewhere specified or in-

cluded”. The import of coffee, tea, mate and spices

(KN19) went up by 26 million EUR. The greatest im-

port decrease was recorded by prepared animal fodder

(CN23) (-37 million EUR) and products of the milling

industry (KN11) (-29 million EUR) in 2014.

Figure 2: Composition of agricultural exports in 2014


Figure 3: Composition of agricultural import in 2014


Others

22%

Cereals

16%

Meats

12%Animal feed

10%

Oilseeds

7%

Vegetables, fruits

6%

Edible preparations

6%

Animal and vegetable oils

and fats

6%

Beverages, spirits, vinegar

6%

Milk, egg, honey

5%

Living animals

4%

Others

35%

Meats

9%

Animal feed

9%

Edible preparations

8%

Milk, egg, honey

8%

Oilseeds

6%

Pastrycooks' products

6%

Animal and vegetable oils

and fats

5%

Beverages, spirits, vinegar

5%

Sugar

5%

Cocoa

4%


5

The export of agricultural goods is dominated by a

small number of products, the import is concentrated to

a lesser extent. The four-fifth of the agricultural export

and the two-third of the import is based on 10-10 com-

modity groups in 2014 (figure 2, 3). The five greatest

commodity groups – cereals, meats, animal fodders,

vegetable oils as well as vegetable and fruit products –

contributed by 51 percent to the total agricultural ex-

port.

The five commodity products with the greatest im-

port values – meats, edible preparations, dairy products,

eggs and honey as well as oilseeds – represented 40 per-

cent of the total agricultural import in 2014.

The share of exported processed products contracted

in the last two years. The portion of commodities aver-

aged 37-38 percent between 2009-2012. In 2014, this

ratio dropped to 31 percent. The share of intermediate

products amounted to 31 percent in 2014, similarly to

the preceding years.

The share of final products increased to 37 percent

in 2014 from 31-35 percent in previous years (Figure 4).

This favorable development was driven by the declining

value of exported commodities and the expansion in the

export of final products.

Figure 4: The structure of agro-food export by procession level (2009-2014)


In contrast with export, the import of agricultural

products was dominated by final products that made up

44% percent of the total. The share of intermediate

products accounted for the one-third of the total agricul-

tural import, commodities amounted to the quarter. The

structure of agricultural import remained unchanged in

2014 compared to the previous year (Figure 5).

The positive balance of the agricultural foreign trade

is mainly based on the export of commodities, after 42

percent of the surplus was made up by raw materials.

That of intermediate and final products amounted to 30

and 27 percent respectively (Figure 6). In recent years

commodities accounted for more than half (65-70 per-

cent in some years) of the surplus, that of final products

was limited to 3 percent in 2009 and 18 percent in 2012.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

bil

lio

n E

UR

Commodities Intermediate products Final products


6

Figure 5: The structure of agro-food import by procession level (2009-2014)


Figure 6: The structure of agro-food trade surplus by procession level (2009-2014)


0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

bil

lio

n E

UR


0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

bil

lio

n E

UR



7

The Hungarian foreign trade of agro-food products

primarily dominated by EU countries, after 88 percent

of the trade value was made up by the EU in 2014. EU-

15 accounted for 53 percent of the trade value, in the

case of EU-13 for 35 percent.

The export to EU-28 declined by 4 percent, the im-

port went up by 5 percent. The balance with EU coun-

tries declined by 18 percent to 2,2 billion EUR in 2014,

compared to the previous year. The surplus contracted

in two consecutive years after it expanded in every year

between 2006 and 2012.

The largest export market continued to be Germany

(1166 million EUR), followed by Romania (837 million

EUR), Austria (721 million EUR), Italy (700 million

EUR) and Slovakia (522 million EUR). Altogether

these five countries made up 51 percent of the total ex-

port in 2014 (Figure 7). The sales to Slovakia and Ro-

mania contracted by 20 and 5 percent respectively. The

exports to Germany, Austria and Italy marginally

changed from 2013.

The sales to the Russian market dropped by 14 per-

cent and the pork meat sales stalled as the result of the

ban on exports to Russia.

The Hungarian imports were dominated by Germany

(962 million EUR), Poland (512 million EUR), Slo-

vakia (477 million EUR), Austria (396 million EUR)

and the Netherlands (358 million EUR). These coun-

tries together represented 58 percent of the import in

2014. The import from Germany and Austria grew by

8-7 percent, that of from the Netherlands, Slovakia and

Poland declined by 2-4 percent in the reviewed period.

Figure 7: Agro-food exports by destination in 2014


Others

30%

Germany

15%

Romania

11%

Austria

9%Italy

9%

Slovakia

7%

The Netherlands

5%

Poland

4%

Czech Rep.

4%

France

3%

United Kingdom

3%


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Az Elelmiszergazdasag Kulkereskedelme 201412 ENG