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Ayub Medical College AbbottabadAyub Medical College Abbottabad
A Beautiful Medical Institution of Pakistan
Keeping High Standards of Medical Education!
Writing aWriting aJournal ArticleJournal Article
Prof. Dr. Muhammad AyubAyub Medical College, Abbottabad
A Scientific Paper is written on a specific template
Unlike an ordinary essay, it has a definite structure
The authors have to follow a specific pattern and sequence of text divisions
Useful Tips Select a journal which suits your publication
requirements the best A journal taking all topics may accept your article but it
will take longer to publish from the long queue A subject specific journal may go for a very strict review
but may publish earlier Have a look at the general lay out of an article in the
selected journal You will get idea what to include in your article You may keep within the requirements of that journal
The more you write ‘like’ the published article, the more you get ‘favour’ of the editorial staff
Divisions of a Scientific PaperDivisions of a Scientific Paper
1. TITLE2. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT3. INTRODUCTION4. MATERIAL AND METHODS5. RESULTS6. DISCUSSION7. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT9. REFERENCES
TitleTitle Should be SHORT DESCRIPTIVE COMPREHENSIVE EASY FOR CATALOGUING
Should NOT be VAGUE Toooooo ________ L E N G T H Y Containing ABBREVIVATIONS
Examples:Examples: Evaluation of restoration of sensitivities of
resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates by using cefuroxime and clavulanic acid in combination
Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression positively correlates with angiogenesis and peritumoural brain oedema in astrocytoma
Mushroom poisoning in children: clinical presentation and outcome
Names and Addresses of AuthorsNames and Addresses of Authors
Junaid Sarfraz Khan, John SG Biggs*, Saima Tabasum
Department of Examinations, *Adjunct Professor of Medical Education, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Usman, Zia Salman Faruqui, Najam ud Din, Khawaja Farhan Zahid*
Department of Radiology, *Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
Structured AbstractStructured Abstract
Background Objective Design Setting Patients and Methods Results Conclusions Keywords
Abstract should includeAbstract should include Purpose of the study Basic procedures (selection of subjects,
observational and analytical methods) Main findings (Data and its significance) The principal conclusions
3-10 Key words3-10 Key words Assist indexing and cross indexing Should be taken from MeSH
IntroductionIntroduction It Includes
Existing state of knowledge
Gaps in knowledge which research will fill
State what you Intend to do
Give pertinent references
It does not
Review the history of the subject
Identify all other gaps in knowledge
Include Methods, Results and Discussion
State purpose of the article Summarize the rationale for study or
observation Give Strictly pertinent reference Do not include data or conclusion
MethodsMethods
What Subjects, Patients, Animals, Specimens
or Techniques were used?
Reason for selecting the experimental design
of the study
Statistical methods used for data analysis
The section should be called ‘Material and
Methods’ only if inanimate specimens have
been used
Describe selection of the observational, Experimental Subjects including controls
Experimental Method (Reference for standard methods)
Statistical Methods Ethics
Patient / Animals / Specimens Number
How are they grouped (cases/controls)
Criteria of Inclusion/Exclusion
Informed consent obtained
TechniquesTechniques
Give enough details for readers to assess the validity of the results,
If standard techniques is used, give
appropriate reference, any modifications
should be clearly explained
If drug trial, clear description of trial
StatisticsStatistics
Clearly mention the statistical methods used for appropriate verification of reported results.
Consult a statistician before starting the study
ResultsResults
Communication of facts, measurements, and observations gathered by the author
Start with the results that are easier to interpret
Results should be set out in Tables and Figures
Do not duplicate illustrations
Logical sequence Text Tables Illustrations Do not repeat in the text all the data in tables/
figures. Emphasize summarizing important observations
Tables: Give Number to Tables Figures: Legends 5 x 7 inch or 8 x 10 in glossy prints (Black & White / Coloured) Top of the picture marked on the back with Fig.
No. and Title
DiscussionDiscussion
What gaps in knowledge remain to be filled?
Main results should be summarized at the beginning of discussion
Only mention previous results or comments which illuminate or which are illuminated by the present results.
Final paragraph in which the message of the article is firmly stated
Point out where further gaps in
knowledge could usefully be filled
instead of ‘further research is needed’
Intention of author to explore the
‘Gaps’ further
Emphasize new and important aspects of the study and conclusions that follow
Do not repeat the data
Include implications of the funding, their
limitations and implications for future
Research
Relate observations with other relevant
studies
Recommendations when appropriate may be
included
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
“We wish to thank” - all those who deserve recognition for their contribution but who have not made a significant intellectual contribution and are therefore not included as authors (Colleagues, Institutions, Organizations providing financial help, laboratory and secretarial staff)
ReferencesReferences
Morrow DA, Rifai N, Antman EM, Weiner DL, McCabe CH, Cannon CP, et al. C-reactive protein is a potent predictor of mortality independently and in combination with troponin T in acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1460–5.
1. Standard Journal Article1. Standard Journal Article
Books and other MonographsBooks and other Monographs
Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Bremier BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p.465-78.
DissertationDissertation
Kaplan SJ. Post-hospital home
health care: the orderly's access and
utilization (dissertation). St. Louis
(MO): Washington Univ: 1995.
Unpublished MaterialUnpublished Material
Leshner AL. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine. N Engl J Med. In press.
Electronic MaterialElectronic Material
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of
infectious disease. Emerg Inftect Dis
[serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar (cited 1996
Jun 5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available from
URL: http:/www.cdc.gov/ncdod/EID/eid.htm
Retrieved on March 22, 2009.
Use of ‘Use of ‘et al.et al.’’
Write names of first 6 authors If more than 6 authors, the rest be
replaced by ‘et al.’ ‘et al.’ is NOT used if authors are up to
6 or less than 6.
Thank Thank You!You!