Axial Muscles F 12 MARKUP

7/30/2019 Axial Muscles F 12 MARKUP

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The next two slides are review slides fromthe Overview to Skeletal Muscle System

Lecture

2


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How are muscles named?, p8

By LOCATION - body regions Brachialis

Biceps Brachii

External Abdominal Oblique

Rectus Femoris

By FUNCTION

Flexor Carpi Radialis Adductor Magnus

Supinator

By SHAPE Deltoid (triangle)

Pronator Teres (round)

Pronator Quadratus (rectangle)

Trapezius (trapezoid)


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How are muscles named?, p9

By NUMBER OF HEADS (-cep = head) Biceps (two heads)

Triceps (three heads)

Quadriceps (four heads)

By FIBER DIRECTION Rectus Abdominus (rectus = straight)

Internal Abdominal Oblique (oblique = at an angle) By ATTACHMENT POINTS

Sterno cleido mastoid

Brachio radialis

Ilio costalis

By SIZE Gluteus Maximus (biggest)

Adductor Brevis (brevis = short)


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5

Introduction to Axial Skeletal Muscles, p1

The axial skeletal muscle attach to the axial

skeleton to: position the head and vertebral column

move the rib cage

Axial skeletal muscles do not play a role in themovementorstabilizationof the pectoral orpelvic girdles or the limbs.

Roughly 60% of the skeletal muscles in the body

are axial muscles - in this lecture we are onlylooking at a few groups; others discussed in

specific body systems


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Definition of terms, p1

Bilateral contraction both R. & L. sides contract

Unilateral contraction only one side (R or L) contracts

Ipsilateral rotation

Same side rotation; e.g. Right muscle contractsaxial skeleton rotates to the Right

Contralateral rotation Opposite side; e.g. Right muscle contracts

axial skeleton rotates to the Left Ipsilateral flexion (bending)

Same side flexion/bending


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Slide from CH 9

7


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Motions of the spine

Right and leftaxial rotation

Right and leftlateral flexion (side

bending) in frontal

plane

Flexion and

extension insagittal plane

Moore & Dalley & Agur 4.16


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Superficial Axial Neck Muscle, p2

ACTIONS:

Bilateral contraction: neck & headflexionUnilateral contraction: produces opposite side rotation &same side flexion

COMMENTS:Superficial to large vessels/nerves of the neck

INNERVATION: Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Cranial Nerve)

Fig. 11.9

Sternocleidomastoid: SCM


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SCM

Fig. 11.8


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Clinical Correlate: Congenital Muscular Torticollis

add to c-pack

CMT, aka wryneck Newborn has shortened and

tightened SCM

Result of trauma during birth

Treatment: stretching, physicaltherapy, severe case could lead

to surgery

Read more on p. 165 of Image

Book or in CH 11 in eBookPage 165 of Image Book, CH 11


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Back Muscles, p3

Extrinsicfound on the back, butthese muscles are actually involved in

moving the upper limb, but they haveattachments in the back and thorax(trunk); they will be covered in theULNMS unit.

Intrinsicthese are the true backmuscles, and attach primarily to theaxial skeleton

they are involved in moving thevertebral column and head

maintaining an upright posture all are innervated segmentally by

dorsal primary rami of spinalnerves.

Fig. 11.1

I i i B k M l


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Intrinsic Back Muscles, p3

Intrinsic back muscles are arranged in 3 layers

The longest mm. are more superficial The shortest mm. are deeper

Superficial layer Splenius m. Intermediate layer - Erector Spinae group

Deep layer Transversospinalis group

G l Fib Di ti f I t i i B k


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General Fiber Directions of Intrinsic Back mm.

Splenius Group & the

lateral 2 of 3 ErectorSpinae travel superior-laterallyfrom SP to TPs

Transversospinalis -

travel superior-mediallyfrom TPs to SP

S l i M l 4


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Splenius Muscles, p4

Fig. 11.10

ACTIONS:-Bilateral contraction: extends head & neck

-Unilateral contraction: produces same side rotation & sameside flexion of head

E t S i M l G 5


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Erector Spinae Muscle Group, p5

Consists of 3 vertical columns

of muscle Spinalis

Longissimus

Iliocostalis

Mnemonic:I Love Spaghetti

(lateral medial)

Actions

Bilateral: extend the VC,important postural mm.

Unilateral: same side flexion

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Thieme fig. 2.10

Erector Spinae Muscle Group p5


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Erector Spinae Muscle Group, p5

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Iliocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

APR Image

Transversospinalis Group p6


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Transversospinalis Group, p6

Consists of 3 layers of muscle

Semispinalis (most superficial)

span __ vertebrae

Multifidus

span __ vertebrae

Rotatores (deepest) span __ vertebrae

Attachments

inferior TP superior SP

Actions

Bilateral: extend the VC, postural mm.

Unilateral: same side flexion

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Thieme fig. 2.13

Transversospinalis Group p6


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Transversospinalis Group, p6

Fig. 11.11

Rotatores Muscle


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Rotatores Muscle

Fig. 11.12

Transversospinalis Muscle Group - Review


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Transversospinalis Muscle Group - Review

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Thieme fig. 2.13

Transverse Section of Back Muscles


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Transverse Section of Back Muscles

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Thieme fig. 2.2B

Transverse section in the lumbar region

Surface Anatomy of Back Muscles


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Surface Anatomy of Back Muscles

Extrinsicback musclesare most obvious;

only well developederector spinaemuscles are visible

Fig. 13.4

Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles p7


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Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles, p7

Rectus Abdominus (RA)

anterior; midline; 6 pack b/c of tendinous inscriptions; found

within abdominal aponeurosis

External Abdominal Oblique (EAO)

superficial layer

Internal Abdominal Oblique (IAO)

middle layer

Transversus Abdominus (TA)

deepest layer

Actions: contraction of these 4 muscles compress

abdomen to increases intraabdominal pressure

RA, EAO, IAO bilaterally flex trunk

EAO and IAO unilaterally rotate trunk to opposite side

and same side lateral flexion

Anterior-Lateral Ab Wall Fiber Directions


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Anterior-Lateral Ab. Wall Fiber Directions

EAO

Inferior-medial

hands-in-front pockets

IAO

Superior-medial mostly perpendicular to EAO

TA - horizontal

RA - vertical

Anterior-Lateral Ab Wall Muscles


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Anterior Lateral Ab. Wall Muscles

Fig. 11.14

Anterior-Lateral Ab Wall Muscles


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Anterior Lateral Ab. Wall Muscles

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Fig. 11.14

Cross-section of abdominal muscles, p8


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Cross section of abdominal muscles, p8

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EAO

IAO

TA

Rectus Sheath RA

Thieme fig 11.5b

Linea Alba

Surface Anatomy of Ant-Lat Ab Wall p8


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Surface Anatomy of Ant Lat Ab. Wall, p8

Fig. 13.3

End of Lecture: AXIAL MUSCLES


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HERE ARE YOUR NEXT STEPS TOWARD MASTERY OF THE MATERIAL:

1) Review your lecture coursepack notes and power point slides; fill in and amend yourcoursepack with relevant info from lecture

2) As needed, review the text images, tables, figures etc. to fill in gaps and reinforce

knowledge

3) As needed, review pertinent pages in Anatomy Coloring Book.

4) Start working on the coursepack's Sample Questions (answers at end of coursepackand posted on ANGEL)

5) Go to Connect and complete any available practice assignments and go to

LearnSmart and complete module for axial skeleton chapter

6) Use APR to learn the axial muscles

Any questions regarding my anatomy lecture content?Post your Q to the Unit #1 Discussion Forum on ANGEL

Any questions regarding course administration, enrollment, grading, or exam procedure

& policy?

email me: [email protected]

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Axial Muscles F 12 MARKUP