AWW2013: Policies Posed to Support Urban Water Reuse, a Chinese Perspective by Zhang Yue

7/29/2019 AWW2013: Policies Posed to Support Urban Water Reuse, a Chinese Perspective by Zhang Yue

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Policies Posed to Support Urban WaterReuse, a Chinese Perspective

ZHANG Yue,

General Director of Urban Water Administration Office,Ministry of Housing & Urban-rural Development, P.R. China



Outline

1. Background

. . .

3. Reclaimed water usage in P.R.C: current status

4. Reclaimed water in Beijing

.



(1) About China: Rapid growth in the past 3 decades

1. Background

Population: 1.35 billion (2011)

Total GDP : 8.30 trillion US Dollar ，average annual growth rate: 10%

Urbanization rate: 51.27% 2011 , avera e annual rowth rate: 1%, about 13.5

500050

million people move to cities

400040

r an za on ra e er ap a

Urbanization Rate(%) Per Capita GDP(US $)

2000

3000

20

30

P e r C a p i t a G D P

U r b a n i z a t i o n R a t

100010

00

1 9 7 8 1 9 7 9 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1



1. Background

Rapid urbanization has great impact onurban water

Freshwater demand: more severe water

shorta e crises and roundwater de letion

More impervious land: urban flooding; More wastewater produced: water pollution

modeling

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Ground water overexploited2005 2020 2035 2050

‐12

‐8

‐4n e ng

‐24

‐20

‐16

Groundwater level drop in Beijing



20000

1. Background

capita (m3)

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

constrain for China

Total freshwater resources: 2.8 trillion m3

9200

18089

9044

23155050 2093

1330

2000

4000

6000

8000(ranking 5t in the word)

Freshwater resources per capita: less than 2100

m3 (ranking 100th in the word)

Data Source: The World Bank indicator 2011and Beijing water resource bulletin 2011

(3) Resources & environmental pressure:

increasing significantly .

Extreme weather and natural disaster: happen

frequently due to climate change.Urban flood frequencies in China



2. Development of wastewater treatment

na governmen v ew was ewa er rea men an wa er reuse as a ey

strategy to address the current water resources crisis, urban water

(1)Prioritized environmental protection and resource saving as the basic national

policies by legislation and various documents.

(2)Financial support

380 billion RMB (about 60 billion dollars) was invested for wastewater treatmentan wa er reuse ac es cons ruc on rom o , on was

subsidized by central government.

430 billion RMB will be invested for wastewater treatment and water reuse

facilities construction from 2011 to 2015



Wastewater treatment capacity increased considerably

21st centur has witnessed the si nificant rowth of both WWTP about 7 timesand its capacity (about 6.5 times)

3340 WWTP has been built with a total capacity of 142 million m3/d in 657

cities and 1627 counties.

160004000

42.2 billion m3

wastewater was treated in 2012 (country and town not included), population equivalent is estimated to be 600 million approximately.

14265

12000

14000

3000

3500

/ d )

Wastewater Treatment Plant Treatment Capacity

6000

8000

10000

1500

2000

2500

i t y ( 1 0

, 0 0 0 m

W T P ( u n

i t

3346

22132000

4000

500

1000 C a p a

00

2 0

0 0

2 0

0 1

2 0

0 2

2 0

0 3

2 0

0 4

2 0

0 5

2 0

0 6

2 0

0 7

2 0

0 8

2 0

0 9

2 0

1 0

2 0

1 1

2 0

1 2

Year



Average load rate of WWTP increased steadily

90.0%

82.4%85.0%

76.6%

78.6% 79.1%80.0%

69.8%

.

70.0%

.

65.0%

.

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year



Pollutants removed increased gradually

120001000

ammonia-nitrogen total nitrogen total phosphorus

8000

10000

l ( 1 0 0 0 t o n s )

600

800

a l ( 1 0 0 0 t o n s )

4000

6000

o l l u t a n t s r e m o v

200

400

o l l u t a n t s r e

m o v

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

P

year

0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

year

year CODCr removal BOD5 removal SS removalAmmonia-N

removal

Total-N

removal

Total-P

removal

2007 5263 2244 3348 315 208 562008 6444 2710 4221 423 292 66

2009 7757 3272 4983 548 418 85

2010 9185 3953 6043 704 577 105

2011 10215 4426 6784 830 704 1232012 10792 4716 7398 923 811 131




WWTP capacity, annual wastewater treated and pollutants removal increase from 2007 to 2012

193%

291%

136%

Ammonia-N removal

Total-N removal

Total-P removal

113%

110%

121%

CODCr removal

BOD5 removal

SS removal

85%

136%

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300%

capacity

annual wastewater treated

year capacityannual wastewater

CODCr removal BOD5 removal SS removal ammonia-N Tota-N Total-P

Annual increase of WWTP capacity, annual wastewater treated and pollutants removal (2007-2012)

2008 19.0% 25.7% 22.4% 20.8% 26.1% 34.5% 40.8% 18.5%

2009 13.9% 20.3% 20.4% 20.7% 18.1% 29.6% 43.0% 29.7%

2010 19.6% 23.3% 18.4% 20.8% 21.3% 28.4% 38.2% 22.3%

2011 9.1% 15.0% 11.2% 12.0% 12.3% 17.9% 21.9% 17.3%2012 4.4% 9.9% 5.6% 6.6% 9.1% 11.2% 15.2% 7.0%




60.00

Pollutants concentration in effluent (mg/L) Pollutants removal rate

50.00

90.00%

95.00%

100.00%

40.00

80.00%

85.00%

20.00

30.00

65.00%

70.00%

75.00%

10.0055.00%

60.00%

0.00

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012CODcr BOD5 Ammonia-N SS Total-N Total-P

50.00%2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

CODcr BOD5 Ammonia-NSS Total-N Total-P



3. Reclaimed water in China: current status

Annual water supply and reclaimed water usage in 657 cities ( for gardening, road

50.2 50.0 49.7 50.8 51.3 51.6 6.00%

6.50%

50.0

60.0

l i o n m 3 )

cleaning , toilet flushing and some industrial cooling)

4.50%5.00%

.

30.0

40.0

o u n t ( i n b i

3.00%

3.50%

.

10.0

20.0

e r s u p p l y a

. . . . . .

2.00%

.

0.0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

W a

year (Estimated)

res water su n c t es rec a me water use rat o o rec a me water to res water



3. Reclaimed water in China: current status

agriculture, landscape and ecology

Gaobeidian Lake, BeijingGaobeidian Lake, BeijingGaobeidian WWTP

River sumplement,, Beijing River sumplement,, Beijing Waterscape, Tianjin

Parks Using reclaimed water, Qingdao Waterscape, Shijiazhuang Parks Using reclaimed water, Hefei



4. Reclaimed water in Bei in

Beijing highly valued the importance of reclaimed water.

water resources allocation, which resulted in the relief of water

resource crisis and reduction of pollutants discharge simultaneously.

In 2012, reclaimed water usage in Beijing was 750 million m3,

which is nearly 60% of the total wastewater treated and accounting

for 20% of all the water consumed (including agriculture).




Structure of total water consumption in Beijing in 2000-2012(including agriculture)

0.004.00

4.50

m 3 )

.

0.15 0.20 0.21 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 0.65 0.68 0.710.75

3.00

3.50

( i n b i l l i o

4.04 3.792.00

2.50

s u m p t i o n

3.31 3.38 3.25 3.19 3.17 3.00 2.91 2.90 2.89 2.89 3.00

1.00

1.50

w a t e r c o n

0.00

0.50 T o t a l

year

new water reclaimed water




Reclaimed water usage in different sectors in Beijing in 2011

4.20%.

35.20%

.

industrial cooling

waterscape supplement

municipal (grassland irrigation, car washing, road and toilet flushing)



Reclaimed water has became reliable and stable “second water source” for Beijing


Municipal tap water supply and reclaimed water usage in Beijing (agricultural irrigation not included)

1.56 1.581.63

90.0%1.80

1.43 1.43.

60.0%

70.0%

.

1.20

1.40

.

l i o n m 3 )

0.65 0.68 0.71 0.7534.71%

42.10% 42.81% 43.72% 44.84% 45.85%

40.0%

50.0%

0.80

1.00

l u m

e ( i n b i l

0.50.

20.0%

30.0%

0.40

0.60

W a t e r v

0.0%

10.0%

0.00

0.20

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

year municipal tap water supply

reclaimed water supply

ration of reclaimed water to municipal tap water



5. Ambitions and strategic measures

(1) Ambitions for 2015

a s ng wastewater treatment stan ar ;

Invest 30.4 billion RMB in reclaimed water facilities;

Capacity building: increasing 26.8 million m3/d and reaching a capacity of 40

million m3/d in 2015.

More than 15% wastewater should be reclaimed and reused in the national

level;

100% wastewater in Beijing should be reclaimed and reused in Beijing;

The effluent from the major WWTP in Beijing should meet the IV water body

criteria (CODCr ≤ 30mg/L, BOD5 ≤ 6mg/L, total-N ≤ 10mg/L, ammonia-N

≤ 1.5mg/L, total-P ≤ 0.3mg/L )




(2) Legislation

“Water Law of P.R. China (2002)”: China encourage reclaimed water production and

usage.

“Circular Economy Promotion Law of P. R. China (2009): China encourage reclaimed

water production and usage. In some area, using municipal tap water for road cleaning,

grass an rr ga on an an scape s ou e res r c e or pro e .

“China State Council’s Inform Regarding Urban Water Saving and Water Pollution

Control (2000[36])”: Reclaimed water production and usage facilities should be

lanned and built with WWTP simultaneousl in water deficient area.




(2) Legislation

“China State Council’s Inform Regarding the Promotion of Water Tariff Reform (2004[36])”: Reclaimed water production and usage facilities should

e p anne an u t w t s mu taneous y n water e c ent area.

Safety of using reclaimed water should be guaranteed. Using price leverage

to promote the using of reclaimed water.ec no ogy an o cy or ec a me ater ssue y n stry o ous ng

and Urban-rural Development and Ministry of Science and Technology in

2006)”: providing powerful policy support from many perspectives including

, , , .

“Technical Guidelines for Reclaimed Water in Urban Area(issued by Ministry

of Housing and Urban-rural Development in 2012)”: comprehensive

,

technic, construction, O&M and risk reduction.




(3) Various national Criteria

Reclaimed Water Usage Classification

Reclaimed Water Quality for Municipal Use

Reclaimed Water Quality for Groundwater Recharging

Reclaimed Water Quality for Industrial UseReclaimed Water Quality for Agricultural Irrigation

Reclaimed Water Quality for Grassland Irrigation

Design Standard for Reclaimed Water in Buildings

Design Standard for Reclaimed Water Engineering




(4) Promotion of reclaimed water facilities building

Continue on capacity building of Reclaimed water facilities.

Beijing Gaobeidian WWTP and Reclaimed Water Plant Beijing Reclaimed Water Plant Planning

ExistingUnder construction

Planne




(5) Concentration on technology advancement

advanced treatment P N removal

Membrane technology, Ozone disinfection

More funding from “National Special Research Project on Water”




(6) Reclaimed water friendly policies from economic perspective

Subsidize from central government for the reclaimed water plant construction

(up to 30%-40%);

Operation subsidize from government;

Tax-free olic for reclaimed water lant.

Competitive tariff ( no water resource charges, no wastewater treatment

charges)

3 3

Comparison of water tariff and reclaimed water charge

city , ,

domestic industrial others special domestic industrial landscape

Beijing 3.7 5.6 5.4 41.5 1.0 1.0 1.3

Tianjin 2.9 4.6 4.6 18 1.1 1.3 1.5

Xi'an 1.95 2.25 2.55 6.5 1.17 1.17 1.17

in dao 1.6 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Shijianzhuang 2.6 3.7 3.5 24.7 1.0 1.0 1.0

Data source: Zheng Xingcan, the World Bank report on North China Water Quality Study Program: Urban Water Reuse Study, 2010.




(7) Awareness raising and public participation

Some potential industrial users and residents cannot accept reclaimed water

mentally ;

Through various media, explain importance of water reuse and reliability of

reclaimed water;

Paying attention to demonstration projects

Invite people to visit urban water reuse facilities



Reclaimed Water Plant in Beijing

QingheReclaimed Water Plant in Beijing, largest using Membrane J iuxianqiaoReclaimed Water Plant in Beijing

WujiacunReclaimed Water Plant in Beij ingBeixiaoheReclaimed Water Plant in Beij ing, using RO



Grassland Irrigation Agricultural I rrigation

Reclaimed Water Usage in Beijing

Reclaimed Water Filling Auto-service Station inBeijing

北京排水



Reclaimed Water Usage in Beijing

HuanengPower Plant using reclaimed water for cooling The Bird Nestle using reclaimed water for landscape

BeituchengRiver using reclaimed water for supplement YuanmingyuanPark using reclaimed water for landscape

Documents

AWW2013: Policies Posed to Support Urban Water Reuse, a Chinese Perspective by Zhang Yue