AWS Fundamental Terms and AWS Fundamental Terms and DefinitionsDefinitions

Learning to talk like a welder

Introduction Introduction Fundamental terms and definitions used in the

welding field Communicate effectively with Supervisors,

Engineers, Inspectors, your co-workers and ……your Welding Instructor. Need to know for Printreading for Welders

Demonstrating the knowledge and ability to communicate welding information in a professional manner may enhance your potential for career advancement.

Define - “Welding”Define - “Welding”A joining process that produces coalescence of

materials by heating them to the welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler metal

Define - “Welding”Define - “Welding”

Advantages:Advantages:Joins all commercial metalsMost common method for joining 2 or more

metals to make them act as one pieceAllows the production of a monolithic structure

that is strong in all directions Is the lowest cost, permanent joining method.Affords lighter weight through better use of

materialsCan be used anywhereProvides design flexibility

Base MetalBase MetalThe materials to be joined

5 Basic Joints5 Basic JointsButt JointLap JointT JointCorner JointEdge Joint

4 Basic Positions4 Basic PositionsFlatHorizontalVerticalOverhead

PuddlePuddleMolten pool of metal that forms when base metals

reach welding temperatureMoved along the joint causing the base metals to

coalesce forming a weld “bead”

Filler MetalFiller MetalMetal added to the puddle to fill the joint

Stringer BeadStringer BeadA weld bead formed with little or no oscillation of the

source of energy

Weave BeadWeave BeadA weld bead formed with exaggerated oscillation of the

source of energyUsed to form a larger weld pool or bead

PenetrationPenetrationDepth of fusion

ReinforcementReinforcementFiller metal extending above base metal

Types of weldsTypes of weldsFillet Weld

– Joins materials at approximately right angles

– Has a triangular profile or section view– Example – T Joint

Types of weldsTypes of weldsGroove Weld

– Joins materials by filling the space or “groove” between

– Example – Butt Joint

Types of weldsTypes of weldsGroove

Weld– 7 types

Types of weldsTypes of weldsSurfacing Welds

– Used to change the dimensions or physical properties of base metals

Tack Welds– Used to hold base metals in position

Others– Back– Backing– Edge– Plug– Slot– Spot– Seam

Types of weldsTypes of weldsOthers

– Back– Backing– Edge– Plug– Slot– Spot– Seam

““Pass”Pass”May refer to one bead or a layer of beads.

Single-passSingle-passRefers to a joint made with a single weld bead

Multiple passMultiple passRefers to a joint made with more than one weld beadLarger weld on top of smallerSplit Layer – uniform sized beads overlapped

Multiple passMultiple pass

Parts of groove weldsParts of groove welds Root opening – space between base metal Root face or “land” – flat spot used to control penetration Groove or Bevel face – where weld interface occurs Bevel angle – degrees of bevel Groove angle or Included Angle – total of bevel angles

Parts of weldsParts of welds

Parts of fillet weldsParts of fillet welds Legs – used to specify weld size Face – side from which welding is done Root – opposite the face – weakest point Toe – where face intersects the base metal Throat – gives the weld strength

Parts of weldsParts of welds

Welder Qualification “Certification”Welder Qualification “Certification”Part of a Quality Assurance System designed to insure

as much as possible that welds of sufficient quality are being produced

There is no certification that qualifies a welder for all types of work

Specific to process, metal, position, progression, etc“Certified” welder has a document certifying that he or

she produced a weld that met a specific standard or code.

ProcessProcessSelect a code (AWS, ANSI, API, CWB, etc)Write a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)Qualify the WPSQualify the welder (welder performance qualification

test) Issue documentation

Test PositionsTest Positions