Awash River Basin Flood and Drought Management Strategic Plan · 2020-03-18 · Map of Awash River Basin (AwBA 2017 E.C) ... about 15 % of the basin area is low hazard zone, leaving

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Awash River Basin Flood and Drought Management

Strategic Plan

June 2017

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List of Abbreviation

AWBA Awash Basin Authority

BHC The Basin High Council

DAP Detail Action Plan

DEM Digital Elevation Model

EBY Ethiopian Budget Year

ELWRC Ethiopia Land and Water Resource Center

EPCO Electricity Power Corporation

EWPC Early Warning Protection Commission

FDPPC Federal Disaster Protection and Preparedness Commission

GDP Growth Development Program

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan

Ha Hectare

IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource

MoEFCC Ministry of Environmental, Forest and climate change

MoH Ministry of Health

MoI Ministry of Industry

MoLSFD Ministry of Livestock and Fishery Development

MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy

MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy

NMA National Meteorology Agency

RAB Regional Agricultural bureaus

RWB Regional Water Bureau

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary....................................................................................................................... vi

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iv

List of Abbreviation......................................................................................................................... i

1. Background.............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Vision ............................................................................................................................... 3

1.3. Goal .................................................................................................................................. 3

1.4. Objective .......................................................................................................................... 3

1.5. Scope of the plan .............................................................................................................. 3

2. Situation Analysis.................................................................................................................... 4

2.1. Legal Framework ............................................................................................................. 4

2.2. Institutional Framework ................................................................................................... 5

2.3. Significant Pressures ........................................................................................................ 6

2.3.1. Social Pressures ............................................................................................................ 7

2.2.2. Economic Pressures ...................................................................................................... 9

2.2.3. Environmental Pressures .............................................................................................. 9

3. Scenario Analysis .................................................................................................................. 12

3.1. Current scenario ............................................................................................................. 12

3.2. Future Scenario .............................................................................................................. 18

4. Goals, objectives and measures ............................................................................................. 21

5. Measure – Target – Evaluation Criteria ................................................................................ 22

6. Detail Action Plan ................................................................................................................. 23

7. Financial Plan Summary........................................................................................................ 24

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7.1. Cost estimates by measure for 6 planning areas (2010 – 2012)..................................... 24



7.4. Cost summary per planning area .................................................................................... 27

8. Risk management .................................................................................................................. 28

8.1. Planning assumption ...................................................................................................... 28

8.2. Expected challenges ....................................................................................................... 28

8.3. Possible solution............................................................................................................. 28

9. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms............................................................................... 29

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List of Tables

Table 1. Legal framework context matrix for flood and drought management.............................. 5

Table 2 Flood hazard level and coverage in Awash River Basin (Source: Getahun and Gebre, 2015)

....................................................................................................................................................... 14

Table 3 Description of flood and drought at planning areas......................................................... 17

Table 4 Analysis of Measure – Target – Evaluation Criteria ....................................................... 23

Table 5.Basin plan monitoring framework ................................................................................... 30

Table 6. River basin plan monitoring methods. ............................................................................ 31

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List of Figures

Figure 1. Map of Awash River Basin (AwBA 2017 E.C) .............................................................. 1

Figure 2 Population density map of Awash River Basin (AwBA, 2015) ....................................... 8

Figure 3 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Awash River Basin (AwBA, 2015) ....................... 10

Figure 4 Geomorphology of Awash River Basin (AwBA, 2013) ................................................ 11

Figure 5. Flood vulnerability map of Awash River Basin ............................................................ 13

Figure 6 Geo-susceptibility map of Awash River......................................................................... 14

Figure 7. Extreme and mild drought occurrence overview of Awash River Basin (Shishay, 2016)

....................................................................................................................................................... 15

Figure 8. Long term annual rainfall trends of Addis Ababa, Akaki, Debresina and Debrezeit

(AwBA,2013)................................................................................................................................ 18

Figure 9. Long term annual temperature trends of Upper, Middle, North and East of Awash River

Basin (AwBA, 2013) .................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 10. Objective tree - logical connection among goals, objectives and measures................ 22

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Executive Summary

Flood & drought are the most common forms of natural disaster that disrupt human activities,

cause loss of human lives & destroy properties. There are just two types of flood in general,

namely, the floods that caused by extreme excess of precipitation on the catchment that contributed

to the flood in the main and tributaries of the river, and floods owing to unexpected release of an

excess amount of water from storage or dam. The flood in Awash River basin is due to the excess

precipitation that occurred in the highland of the basin, and finally generates high flood on the

downstream part of the basin. The basin originates from the highlands at above 3000masl receiving

2000mm of rainfall. The land use of the basin is characterized by extensive land use for agriculture,

combined with urbanization and industrialization, is aggravating the generation of runoff. The ba-

sin is currently inhabited by 18 million people (growing at 2.9%) and supports 34 million livestock

population putting immense pressure on the natural resource base. These factors contribute to se-

vere land degradation, erosion, flooding and sedimentation. For example, the flood episode at

Dire Dawa in 2006 that caused loss of lives and properties, and the frequent flood hazards at

Amibara, Gewane, Logiya and Asaita are some of flood events in the basin.

Drought, as a recurrent phenomenon in the Awash Basin, had the most devastating effects in 1974

and 1984 that caused loss of human and livestock population. Droughts are caused due to the

absence of rain, & thus grow & retreat in severity at rates measured by normal precipitation in an

area. In general, there are four categories of drought, namely: meteorological, agricultural, hydro-

logical & social-economic drought. Drought in Awash River basin is basically a meteorological

drought, lack of enough rainfall, followed by hydrologic drought, and manifested as loss of stream

flows and storage. In this case climate has the major influence on the occurrence of drought and

flood in the basin. This is also reflected in the rise of temperature causing high evapotranspiration

and extreme events of erratic and high rainfall.

The vision of flood and drought management strategic plan is to realize the capacity to withstand

the adverse impact of drought and flood hazards that occurs at Awash basin by 2017. To achieve

the vision of the flood and drought management strategic plan, it has its own general and specific

objectives. The general objective of the strategic plan is to reduce disaster risks and potential dam-

ages caused by drought and flood through comprehensive and coordinated interventions in the

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Awash basin. And the specific objectives are: to identify the strategic issues in flood and drought

management based on the current and future situation analysis of Awash River Basin; to present

the core targets, actions and actors in the implementation of flood and drought mitigation

measures; and to design implementation mechanisms for the flood and drought management plan.

The strategic plan of the basin is multi-partite and iterative implementations stretched over 8

years until 2017 Ethiopian Budget Year (EBY. The plan presents the details of actions and

actors for the years 2010–2017 EBY inclusive. The detail activities already planned from 2010

and will continue till to 2017, to meet the targeted goals and objectives through the proposed

measures and alternatives. In this plan the years 2008 – 2012 EBY will have detail of activities

and sub-activities, and the next years 2013 – 2017 will be apparently indicated in bulk.

The basin exists in wide range of resource exploitations and natural phenomena that aggravate

the existing and future situations of the basin. The current scenario describes existing state of

the basin for risks and hazards of flood and drought while, the future aspects pronounce the

effects of the current pressures on environment, social and economic settings of the basin, most

importantly climate change and anthropogenic factors. Yet, there are visible burdens that ema-

nate from social, economic and environmental setups of the basin as a whole. The legal and

institutional frameworks, and significance (i.e., social, economic and environmental) pressures

of the flood and draught management aspect of the basin were analyzed using the current and

future situations of the basin. The legal framework consists of the constitution, policy, procla-

mation, regulation, and conventions such as Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic

of Ethiopia, 1994; Environment policy of Ethiopia; Ethiopia Water Sector Policy and Strategy,

2001; Ethiopian Water Resources' Management Proclamation No. 197/2000; Awash Basin

High Council and Authority Establishment Council of Ministers Regulation No. 156/2008;

United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1994) were respec-

tively considered.

The Institutional framework involves national and international institutions that work in flood

and drought management that were ordered based on their contribution at different stages of

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risk and hazard preparedness, mitigation and response. With the increase in population, eco-

nomic development activities, and the change in geomorphology of the river basin for instance,

anthropogenic, urbanization, industrialization, large scale irrigation expansions and the natural

topography have significance pressure on the natural environment within Awash River Basin.

This has been a tendency to occupy the floodplains, often resulting in serious flood damages

and drought hazard which in turn for the loss of physical properties and lives over the years.

The current scenario indicates that flood and drought are the recurrent common phenomena of

Awash Basin, with devastating effect on environmental, social and economic loss. The most

noticeable factors that cause these hydrologic risks are; deforestation, soil degradation, unman-

ageable urbanization and climate change etc. Frequently, the flood hazard is occurs in the basin

during summer season specifically June-September, following heavy rains in the eastern high-

land and escarpment areas of north Shewa, Wollo, Western Hararge and Upstream of Koka

Reservoir, draining to Eastwards that increase the water level of the Awash River in a short

period of time. Most of the time the high and very high flood risks are in the downstream part

of the basin, low-lying flat areas of the Awash River basin that are Amibara, Gewane and

Logiya Weredas. The coverage of summary flood hazard levels and coverage in Awash depicts

nearly 32% (38,000 km2) of the basin area is highly to very highly hazard zone, while only

about 15 % of the basin area is low hazard zone, leaving the rest in the moderate region.

The current situation indicates that drought occurs every two years in the area (Desalegn et al,

2006). Further, Desalegn et al, (2010) after analysis of drought in Awash River Basin, he indi-

cates that droughts occur most frequently around two sites in the Middle Awash Basin (Hurso

and Miesso areas), followed by Metehara, Nazareth and Holeta areas in the Upper Awash and

Dubti, Mille and Cheffa areas in the Lower Basin. However, on 3- and 6-month time scales,

areas most frequently hit by droughts of mild and above mild categories are those located in the

Middle and Lower Awash Basin. The same research shows that hydrologic drought events of

all severity level are observed in lower part of the basin, at Adaitu and Dubti stations. Shishay,

(2016) tried to map drought occurrence of Awash River Basin for September to overview spa-

tial extents of severe and mild droughts. In view of that, extreme drought occurs in the lower

of Koka dam and lower part of the basin especially to the north Wollo area. Mild drought occurs

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in higher percentage in almost all over the basin except in some basins of the upper and lower

Awash (upstream Koka and upper most catchment of Awash Terminal). These and other ob-

served facts, generally, reveal the basin faces frequent drought hazards, with severity level

growing to the direction of the Awash River flow.

The future scenarios of flood and drought analysis were analyzed from the long term meteoro-

logical trend analysis of temperature and precipitation data of the basin. These long term tem-

perature and precipitation trends indicate the following major effects: precipitation decreases -

a modest decrease in precipitation throughout the basin; temperature increase- a modest in-

crease in temperature throughout the basin; Kiremt decrease- a five per cent decrease in rainfall

during the rainy season; spatial distribution - a modest increase in precipitation in the upper

river basin, accompanied by a decrease in precipitation in the lower basin to the east; and ex-

tended drought - an extended version of the ongoing 2015-2016 drought; extreme climatic

events would be expected in the basin: and the consequence s of climate variability and change

could result in incidence of pests and diseases.

In addition, the situation analysis of flood and drought shows that if the current situation continued

without further intervention; the impacts worsen the condition of the environment, social and eco-

nomic development sectors of the basin. Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of food and

drought risk, this strategic plan was developed which comprises of two goals, five objectives, and

the detail action plan of the six planning areas of Awash River Basin. The detail action plan con-

tains measures, activities, sub activities, targets, year of execution; action owners and budget allo-

cated for each activity (see Table 1). The detail action plan for all planning areas comprises about

14 major activities and 27 sub activities that team developed to achieve the goal and objectives

indicated below. These activities comprise study, implementation of flood controlling structures

and drought resilience mechanisms, capacity building, and activities enabling to strengthen net-

working among stakeholders in the basin. The estimated total budget required implementing the

strategic plan of flood and drought management for the coming eight years is 69.9 Billion ETB.

In addition, the estimated cost for contingency and inflation considering 5% and 7% respectively

are 3.5 Billion ETB and 28.3 Billion ETB.

1. Background

1.1. Introduction

Awash River Basin is the most consumed and advantageously useable river basin in Ethiopia. It

covers a total of 114,123 km2 area. The river travels a distance of 1,280km. The basin contains

about 21 major tributaries such as Akaki, Mojo, Keleta, Kesem, Kebena, Borkena, Logia etc., which

can be grouped to from six planning units or areas for the purpose this strategic plan. It comprises

five regional states and two city administrations that incudes Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa (Figure

1).

Figure 1. Map of Awash River Basin (AwBA 2017 E.C)

Awash Basin is a home for the country’s development sector: irrigated agriculture (25% national

agricultural production) and industrial development (36% national manufacturing value and 65%

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of all industries in the country). In addition, expansion of urbanization has been taking place in the

basin. In connection with this, the basin has experienced tremendous challenges of recurring

drought and flood hazards at extensive scale. The basin originates from the highlands at above

3000masl receiving 2000mm of annual rainfall. The land use of the basin is characterized by ex-

tensive land use for agriculture, combined with urbanization and industrialization, which aggravat-

ing the generation of runoff. According to estimate made in 2016 the basin is inhabited by 18.6

million people (on average growing at 2.9%) and supports 34 million livestock population putting

immense pressure on the natural resource base. These factors contribute to severe land degradation,

erosion, flooding and sedimentation. For example, the flood episode at Dire Dawa in 2006 caused

loss of lives and properties. The frequent flood hazards at Amibara, Gewane, Logiya and Asaita

are also additional examples.

Drought, as a recurrent phenomenon in the Awash Basin, had the most devastating effects in 1974

and 1984 that caused loss of human and livestock population. The drought that occurred in 2015-

16 due to El Nino in some parts of Ethiopia is a striking one. Drought in Awash River basin is

basically a meteorological drought, lack of enough rainfall, followed by hydrologic drought, and

manifested as loss of stream flows and storage. In this case climate has the major influence on the

occurrence of flood and drought in the basin. This is also reflected in the rise of temperature causing

high evapotranspiration and extreme events of erratic and high rainfall.

Flood and drought management is a vital intervention for sustainable water resource development

to impact on social, environmental and economic benefits. It generally improves the environmental

safety and health, production and productivity, social stability and wealth in the basin. Particularly,

it realizes stable water administration process: protection, development and management, and

proves equitable, rational and sustainable use of water resources for the inhabitants of the basin.

Therefore, this Awash River Basin Flood and Drought Management Strategic Plan is prepared to

guide the basin wide implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM). The plan

contains vision and goals stretching to the details of measures, major activities and sub activities

with their corresponding actors and budget estimates.

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1.2. Vision

The vision endowed with this strategic river basin plan can be verbalized as:

To realize the capacity to withstand the adverse impact of drought and flood hazards that occurs at

Awash River Basin by 2017.

1.3. Goal

The prime aim of flood and drought management in this context is to control hazardous flood waters

and use it for the mitigating hazards of drought in the Awash River Basin. With this intent the main

goals of this theme are:

Goal 1. Manage drought disaster risk

Goal 2. Manage flood disaster risks

1.4. Objective

The key objectives to meet the destined goals in basin planning for flood and drought issues in

Awash River Basin can be written as below:

1. To reduce drought risks by 15% at the end of 2017;

2. To improve coordination and cooperation for drought risk;

3. To reduce flood risks by 50% at the end of 2017;

4. To improve coordination and cooperation for flood management; and

5. To improve flood water utilization and sustain ecosystem.

1.5. Scope of the plan

The plan tries to address the whole basin, with six planning area specifically Awash Upstream koka,

Awash Awash, Awash Halidebi, Awash Adaitu, Awash Terminal and Eastern catchment with im-

mediate consideration of identified flood and drought hot spots in the basin. The planning areas are

constructed by grouping the 21 sub-basins considering basin hydrology and measurement points,

with the fact that one or two regions can reasonably be counted in a planning area. The strategic

plan of the basin is multi-partite and iterative implementations stretched over 8 years until 2017

Ethiopian Budget Year (EBY). The plan presents the details of actions and actors for the years

2010–2017 EBY inclusive. The detail activities already planned from 2010 and will continue till to

2017, to meet the targeted goals and objectives through the proposed measures and alternatives. In

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this plan the first phase from 2010 – 201 EBY will have detail distributed activities, and the next

phase 2013 – 2017 EBY will have indicative plan of activities.

2. Situation Analysis

Awash River Basin exists in wide range of resource exploitations and natural phenomena that exacer-

bate the existing and future situations of the basin. Yet, there are visible burdens that emanate from

social, economic and environmental setups of the basin as a whole. The legal and institutional frame-

works as guiding implements are also operational under those prevailing circumstances. This section

discusses about the existing overall legal and institutional arrangements that link the phases of flood

and drought risk management, and superficially defines significant pressures of Awash River Basin

as: social, economic and environmental to sub-basin level.

2.1. Legal Framework

This sub-section describes national legal instruments by which environmental hazards can be managed

that can also apply to the Awash River Basin. Table 1 shows the core frameworks and their annotations

including the national and international laws on which flood and drought risks and hazards are planned,

executed and managed. The national legal documents range from the supreme federal constitution to

the Awash Basin High Council (BHC) and Authority Establishment Regulation. Awash Basin Author-

ity has mandate to manage the river hence, the authority has been doing river training works to control

floods and this indirectly contribute to mitigate drought hazards. As per the international conventions

on climate change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1992),

anthropogenic circumstances are the sole driver of floods and droughts. These legal backgrounds in-

dicate that flood and drought management in Awash River Basin is an urgent priority. This provides

a pertinent background to consider issues of ensuring environmental health, public safety, monitoring

of projects, impacts of climate change in the holistic process of IWRM, and implementation for flood

and drought management.

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Table 1. Legal framework context matrix for flood and drought management

Legal frame-works Descriptions Explanations

Constitution

Constitution of theFederal DemocraticRepublic of Ethiopia,1994.

Right to improve living standards and sustainable devel-opment;

Right to a clean and healthy environment; Design and implementation of programs and projects of

development shall not damage or destroy the environ-ment (as environmental objective)

PolicyEnvironment policyof Ethiopia

Ensure the control of environmental health hazards Endorse the protection of the interface between water

bodies and land (e.g. river banks) Promote, to the extent possible, viable measures to artifi-

cially recharge ground and surface water resources

PolicyEthiopia Water Sec-tor Policy and Strat-egy, 2001

Establish preparedness and contingency plans for disas-ters and emergencies

Recognize and adopt how to manage disasters that asso-ciate with water;

Promote coordinated planning to combat drought andgrowing desertification;

Proclamation

Ethiopian Water Re-sources' ManagementProclamation No.197/2000

Provision of hydraulic structures for the prevention ofdamages caused by ponded water on Dam structure itself,persons, property and crops;

Directing water use restrictions in a situation of watershortage emergency;

Prevent or reduce damages, and adverse impacts or acci-dents that may occur as a result of floods and other re-lated factors.

Regulation

Awash Basin HighCouncil and Author-ity EstablishmentCouncil of MinistersRegulation No.156/2008.

Undertake administration of river training activity; Execute necessary activities that need for the implemen-

tation of IWRM in the basin; Ensure projects, activities and interactions that consistent

with IWRM process;

Conventions

United NationsFramework Conven-tion for ClimateChange (UNFCCC,1994)

Plan for protection and rehabilitation of areas, particu-larly in Africa, affected by drought and desertification, aswell as floods;

Employ appropriate methods to minimize adverse effectsof climate change on public health and environment;

2.2. Institutional Framework

Institutional framework in this context means the definition of institutions involved in flood and

drought management scenarios in line with their contribution at stages of disaster preparedness,

mitigation and response. Institutions at nation and basin level can be categorized according to the

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contributions they share in planning, executing and coping up with flood and drought risks and

hazards management in Awash River Basin.

Generally, institutions in the basin related to flood and drought management can be written off

broadly as: The Basin High Council (BHC), Federal Governments (ministries, authorities and

Agencies), Regional Governments (Administrative, Bureaus), Local Institutions (cooperatives and

unions), International Institutions and Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Knowledge Insti-

tutions (universities and research centers), Broadcasting Media (radio, television and web), and

Companies, enterprises and corporations. Most importantly, the community as a major entity cru-

cially partakes in flood and drought risk management. The roles of these categories of institutions

can be roughly set to be: (i) Before occurrence; Preparedness and warning; (ii) During occurrence

- Mitigation or Prevention; and (iii) After occurrence – Response.

These stakeholders participate at distinct stages of flood and drought risks and hazards. Simple

analysis of facts reveals that few of stakeholders are involving in efforts made for early warning

and preparedness aspects of flood and drought management, which makes risk control energies

insufficient. On contrary, much of them are engaged in actual prevention and mitigation of flood

and drought disasters. Even after occurrence of flood and drought disaster measures applied are not

uniquely treated and sustaining, and that at times disaster happens recurrently at a place.

By and large, it is technically desirable to build more the Before occurrence – preparedness and

early warning, and subsequently but equally, the During occurrence – prevention and After occur-

rence – response of flood and drought management.

2.3. Significant Pressures

Floods are recurrent phenomena in Ethiopia from time immemorial/ancient. Floods of varying magni-

tude, affect some or the other parts of the country, almost every year due to different climates and

rainfall patterns. With the increase in population and developmental activities in the region, such as,

Anthropogenic, Urbanization, Industrialization, and Large Scale Irrigation Expansions have

changed the natural environment within Awash River Basin. This has been a tendency to occupy the

floodplains, often resulting in serious flood damages and loss of lives over the years. Of late, some

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areas, which were not traditionally prone to floods, also experienced severe inundation. Floods cause

severe bank erosion if the river banks are not strong enough to resist heavy floods and not protected

with appropriate bank protection works.

Many floods are caused by heavy rains, usually during summer season of the year. This is especially

common in highland, escarpment and mountainous areas of the Awash River Basin. Rivers,

streams, creeks, ditches, and storm sewers can carry so much water. Even in natural settings, rivers,

streams, creeks and overflow every year when rains overload the channel. Flooding can be further

aggravated when debris or urban poor solid waste management that blocks the drainage system of

the water way.

Flooding urban settlements, especially in Addis Ababa, Adama, Kemisse, Kombolcha and Dire

Dawa, annually causes damages to property along streams coming down from the nearby hills. In

most cases, such damages occur on illegal settlement at the banks of the streams. Urban settlement

in buffer zoning and protection of river banks from obstructive structures to allow flood passage

can curtail unnecessary damages of property due to floods. Our pattern of streets/city/ and buildings

has interrupted some of the natural drainage ways and reduced the width of some channels. As a

result, more water runs off more quickly, and the drainage system becomes overloaded more fre-

quently. The combination of heavy precipitation and base flow/Lake Baseka gets filled and over-

loaded drainage system can result in four types of flooding: overbank flooding, irrigation ditch/ca-

nal flooding, base flow which increases the lake level and street flooding. Each type of flooding is

associated with somewhat different hazards.

2.3.1. Social Pressures

According to the population forecast of 2016, the total population of Ethiopia was estimated to be

92,206,005, of which 20.2 % (18.6 Millions) of the total population is predicted to be within the

boundary of Awash River Basin. Out of the total population in Awash 39 % (7 Millions) and 61%

(11 Millions) reside in rural and urban areas of the basin, respectively (AwBA, 2013).

The annual population growth in the basin is estimated to be in the order of 2.9%, which is the

value of a fast population expanding country. AwBA database reports depict that the average pop-

ulation growth for the last decade, from 1999 – 2008 E.C inclusive, is about 25.3% (13.9 – 18.6

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Million). This apparently indicates that there exists intensive population pressure on the water re-

sources and higher potential of degradations.

Population concentration and pressures on natural resources is apparent in the upper part as well as

closing to the major cities in the basin as can be depicted in figure 3.

Figure 2 Population density map of Awash River Basin (AwBA, 2015)

According to the figure much of the peripheral highlands of the basin, western and south eastern

highlands of the basin, at altitude of above 1500masl, resided with high densities of population,

exceeding 500 persons per square of kilometers, for instance, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. The

runoff producing highlands of the basin are still liable to resource degradations, and consequently

flooding or otherwise moisture stress due to over exploitation of resources.

Moreover, absence of enough and modern sewerage line accessibility in line with the increased

population density and rapid expansion of urbanization is a factor for improper solid wastes realiz-

ing that blocks the nearby water conveyance systems from different sources and city settlement in

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the Buffer Zones and protection of river banks from obstructive structures to allow flood passage

can curtail unnecessary damages of property due to floods. Our pattern of streets/cities/ and build-

ings has interrupted some of the natural drainage ways and reduced the width of some channels.

2.2.2. Economic Pressures

The main driving factors that exacerbate the extent and intensity of the economic pressures in

Awash River Basin are expansion of agricultural development, change from pastoralist to tradi-

tional farming system of the people or from pastoral way of life to a more settled lifestyle based on

the cultivation of crops/thereby cutting flood protection dykes and river embankment to conveys

water to their farms, industrialization and fragmented approaches to water resources management

system.

In addition, mechanized state farms are widely expanding in this basin compared to the other basins

in the country. Wonji-Shoa, Metahara, Kessem and Tendaho Sugar Factory and Farm as well as

Middle Awash Agricultural Development are among the major ones. As a result, the extent and

intensity of socio-economic development activities in the basin is very wide and immense, and

impose significant pressures on natural resources. Due to the stated pressures above, Land degra-

dation, Erosion and sedimentation problem has been occurred. Excess/over irrigation water from

these farms has been causing rising of the ground water level denying free passage of the subterra-

nean flow under the lake. Thus, water from this subterranean flow rises and enters the lake raising

its level/Enlargement of Lake Beseka.

2.2.3. Environmental Pressures

The most noticeable environmental pressures pertaining to the Awash River Basin’s physiography,

climate and agro ecology are topography, geomorphology, temperature and evapotranspiration, inva-

sion of Prosopis and expansion of Lake Beseka. Each of these factors in one way or another has sig-

nificant influence on water resources availability, as flood and drought extremes.

The topography of the basin can be characterized as high elevation of escarpments reaching up to

3,700masl at Ankober in the basin’s western highlands, and low-lying plains that sink to 230masl at

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and around Lake Abey. The escarpments at the West and North West of the basin produce runoff that

lead the water to flow North East wards.

Figure 3 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Awash River Basin (AwBA, 2015)

The DEM of the basin shows (Figure 4) the most highlands of the basin comprise up to more than

3,000masl at the West. When analyzed with the population distribution map of the basin, areas all

above 1,500masl are currently habitations of most socio-economic activities in the basin. The socio-

economic development in these areas abnormal modification of the land use system, beyond the land

resource carrying capacity, thereby increasing risk to occurrence of flood and drought.

Similarly, geomorphology of the basin affects the size, continuity and density of river streams in the

basin that ultimately cause floods. Figure 5 shows the relief conditions of the basin: locations of plains,

hills, plateaus, undulations and rolling, depositions, etc.

AnkoberAbbey

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Figure 4 Geomorphology of Awash River Basin (AwBA, 2013)

According to the figure, the uplands of the basin are filled with high plateaus and mountainous

relief hills with much hill plans in between. Again, these peripheral sections of the basin contain

series of moderate to high relief hills and severely dissected side slopes and plateaus that direct

concentrate and enlarge the highland floods. The central and North Eastern part of the basin are

composed of moderate to low relief hills with patches of sand and silt deposit zones. These areas

are most flooded parts of the basin, due to accumulation of stream flows and dynamic river mor-

phology.

Besides, industrial and agricultural expansion in Awash River Basin is high and dynamic for socio

economic development. For that reason, more emphasis is given to economic growth than dealing

with environmental issues. Though environmental institutions are established and laws are enacted

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in the basin which seems a commitment from the government, most relevant institutions which deal

with environmental issues lack the necessary power to fulfill their duties. Since the existing laws

do not have enforcement mechanisms, they are not dynamic; they are feeble and easily circum-

vented by economically oriented legislations. As a result, it is widely noted that agricultural and

industrial development in the basin together with population growth is causing increased environ-

mental pressure.

3. Scenario Analysis

The current and future situations of the basin are described in this section as scenario analysis. The

current scenario describes existing state of the basin for risks and hazards of flood and drought. The

future aspects pronounce the effects of the current pressures on environment, social and economic

settings of the basin, most importantly climate change and anthropogenic factors.

3.1. Current scenario

Recurrent Flood and drought are common phenomena of Awash River Basin, with devastating effect

on environmental, social and economic loss. The most noticeable factors that cause these hydrologic

risks are; deforestation, soil degradation, unmanageable urbanization and climate change etc. Fre-

quently, the flood hazard occurs in the basin during summer season specifically June-September, fol-

lowing heavy rains in the eastern highland and escarpment areas of north Shewa, Wollo, Western

Hararge and Upstream of Koka Reservoir, draining to Eastwards that increase the water level of the

Awash River in a short period of time.

Figure 5 below shows flood vulnerability in the basin mostly along the main river course. Becho Plain,

Wonji area, Metehara, Amibara, Gewane, Logiya and Asaita are the most prominently flood prone

areas of the basin. Flood susceptibility still exists in some areas of the western highlands, Shoarobit,

Kemise, Kombolcha, and Ambasel; and in the eastern catchment such as Dire dawa.

Page 12 of 71

Figure 5. Flood vulnerability map of Awash River Basin

One of the reasons for floods in Awash River Basin is geo-morphology of the basin, which is dynamic

due to the nature of the river course. The geo-susceptibility of the river coincides with the flood vul-

nerable areas like Amibara, Gewane, Logia and Asaita indicating that floods along the river course

occur due to changing river cross-sections, which is directly linked with geology, morphology and

sediment characteristics of the river (Figure 6).

Page 13 of 71

Figure 6 Geo-susceptibility map of Awash River

Summary of flood hazard levels and coverage in Awash (Table 3) indicates nearly 32% (38,000

km2) of the basin area is in highly to very highly hazard zone, while only about 15 % of the basin

area is low hazard zone, leaving the rest in the moderate region.

Table 2 Flood hazard level and coverage in Awash River Basin (Source: Getahun and Gebre, 2015)

Flood Hazard Level Area (km2) Percentage (%)

Very high 2,103 1.8

High 35,406 30.9

Moderate 59,272 51.7

Low 16,289 14.2

Very low 1,492 1.3

Page 14 of 71

Drought is one of the recurring natural hazards in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. According to

a survey conducted in the Upper Awash Basin, reported that drought occurs every two years in the

area (Desalegn et al, 2006). Again, drought analysis in Awash River Basin by Desalegn et al, (2010)

indicate that considering extreme drought category on 12-month time scale, areas where droughts

occur most frequently are found to be around two sites in the Middle Awash Basin (Hurso and

Miesso areas), followed by Metehara, Nazareth and Holeta areas in the Upper Awash and Dubti,

Mille and Cheffa areas in the Lower Basin. However, on 3- and 6-month time scales, areas most

frequently hit by droughts of mild and above mild categories are those located in the Middle and

Lower Awash Basin. The same research shows that hydrologic drought events of all severity level

are observed in lower part of the basin, at Adaitu and Dubti stations.

Shishay, (2016) tried to map drought occurrence of Awash River Basin for September (Figure 7)

to overview spatial extents of severe and mild droughts. In view of that, extreme drought occurs in

the lower of Koka dam and lower part of the basin especially to the north Wollo area. Mild drought

occurs in higher percentage in almost all over the basin except in some basins of the upper and

lower Awash (upstream Koka and upper most catchment of Awash Terminal)

Figure 7. Extreme and mild drought occurrence overview of Awash River Basin (Shishay, 2016)

Page 15 of 71

These and other observed facts, generally, reveal the basin faces frequent drought hazards, with

severity level growing to the direction of the Awash River flow. Hydrologic and meteorological

droughts are the most common drought types in the basin. As a summary for looking in to the facts

and on the basis of the sub-basin’s key features in social, economic and environments perspectives,

the sub-basin level flood and drought characteristics of Awash River Basin is discussed in the fol-

lowing table.

Page 16 of 71

Table 3 Description of flood and drought at planning areas

Planning ar-eas Key planning area features Flood characteristics Drought characteristics Probable mitigation measures

Awashustream_Koka

Urbanization and industrializationwith high population concentra-tions; Rolling topography; Rela-tively high rainfall

Runoff from the highlands with intensiverainfall, aggravated by the modificationsof land use; Lack of proper urban drainageand spatial planning; Urban flooding

Scarcity of appropriate andenough storage facilities

Implement appropriate catchmentmanagement (water conservationand water harvesting)

Awash_AwashExpansion of mechanized agricul-ture, Extensive farming practice,Expansion of lake Beseka

Runoff from agricultural lands intensifiedby inadequate surface drainage; Inunda-tions from Beseka Lake, Urban flooding(Adama, Welenchiti)

High evapotranspiration;High agricultural water de-mand; Liability to effects ofclimate variability; Lessstorage facilities

Catchment conservation; developsurface drainage; River training;Water harvesting; Improve wateruse efficiency and storage

Awash Hal-idebi

Developed mechanized irrigationagriculture, Developing agro-pas-toralism, Degradation of WestHararge Highlands,

High sediment load; Frequent flashfloods; Dynamic river morphology andmeandering; River channel blockage withsediment and debris

High evapotranspiration,High agricultural water de-mand, Less and erratic rain-fall; Lack of storage facili-ties

River training; Provide large stor-age facility; Improve soil and waterconservation practice; Catchmentwater harvesting; Improve earlywarning system

Awash_Adaitu

Inappropriate highland agricul-ture; Big tributaries from westernhighlands (Borkena, Telalak,Negeso); High concentration ofpastoralists;

High rainfall at highlands with lack of ad-equate natural drainage; Inundations athighland plateau and at depression areas;lack of protections

Lack of in situ water har-vesting and storages; Erraticrainfall;

Improve water harvesting and stor-age; Catchment conservation; Rivertraining and provide spillways

Awash_Termi-nal

New irrigation development; Highconcentration of pastoral commu-nity; High rainfall receiving high-lands

Flash floods from highlands with inten-sive rainfall; Dynamic river morphologyand meandering; River channel blockageby sediment and debris at lowlands

High evapotranspiration;Less and erratic rainfall;Less water storage facilitiesat farms and pasture lands

Highland catchment conservation;River training; Pastureland devel-opment; Develop storage facilities;Improve early warning system

East-ern_Catch-ment

Likely of high ground water po-tential, No direct stream joiningAwash, High pastoralist commu-nity concentration; Mostly low-land area

Flash floods from Hararge highlands;Lack of proper natural drainage system(land locked and low-lying areas );

High evapotranspiration;Lack of proper artificial wa-ter storage facilities;

Improve water storage; Conservethe highland catchments; Improveearly warning system;

Page 17 of 71

3.2. Future Scenario

The key facts on flood and drought susceptibility of Awash River Basin that recent studies dealt about

are much related to economic development, climate and hydrologic variability. The basin faces varia-

bility and uncertainty over water availability and is highly vulnerable to extreme events. This raises

the possibility of water scarcity at particular points in time and space as well as significant adverse

impacts from flooding and drought.

According to the water audit report of AwBA, the basin faces very significant seasonal and geograph-

ical variation in water availability that is not currently regulated by infrastructure with aggregate sur-

face water availability during the dry season around 28% of the rainy season and a much more arid

climate in the downstream, lowland areas in the east of the basin (Tiruneh et al., 2013).

Figure 8. Long term annual rainfall trends of Addis Ababa, Akaki, Debresina and Debrezeit

(AwBA,2013)

The meteorological trends in the basin for selected stations showed that there is no general long term

rainfall trend in the annual series in the upper part of the basin. However, a slight increasing tendency

is noticed in the aggregated wet season monthly rainfall, while a decreasing trend is observed eastward

Page 18 of 71

from Addis Ababa. In eastern and lower Awash, the long-term rainfall pattern, though not clearly

implied out, shows high seasonal and inter-annual variability and erratic nature of the rainfall which

limits most of socioeconomic activities in the basin.

Based on long-term record series of a few stations like Addis Ababa, Bati, Metehara and Dire Dawa

(Figure 9) representing the upper, middle, northern and Eastern regions of the Awash Basin, temper-

ature is found to consistently increase eastward of the basin as anticipated, justifying the likelihood of

moisture stress and drought.

In economic dimensions the basin is still home for extensive irrigation agriculture, protruding urban-

ization and industrialization. Crop production is the major component of basin’s economy, which is

explained in part by an extension of land under cultivation at 3.8% per annum (Vivid Economics,

2016). This economy accounts for the bulk use of surface water in the region and is obviously depend-

ent on water availability, while land clearance can increase runoff and thus raise flood exposure. The

same report prepared for the Global Green Growth Institute by Vivid economics, showed a range of

model scenarios, though not exhaustive but representative of the near term future climate prediction.

Page 19 of 71

Figure 9. Long term annual temperature trends of Upper, Middle, North and East of Awash River

Basin (AwBA, 2013)

These long term temperature and rainfall trends indicate the following major effects:

o Precipitation decreases - a modest decrease in precipitation throughout the basin;

o Temperature increase- a modest increase in temperature throughout the basin;

o Kiremt decrease- a five per cent decrease in rainfall during the rainy season;

o Spatial distribution - a modest increase in precipitation in the upper river basin, accompanied

by a decrease in precipitation in the lower basin to the east; and

o Extended drought - an extended version of the ongoing 2015-2016 drought. This uses current

rainfall estimates, appended to estimates from 2002-2004, which was also a dry period.

o Extreme climatic events would be expected in the basin

Page 20 of 71

o The consequence s of climate variability and change could result in incidence of pests and

diseases

In conclusion, the economy of the Awash River Basin is highly exposed to hydrological and meteor-

ological variability such as modest changes in rainfall lead to swings in the basin’s GDP of 5-10 per

cent, while a prolonged drought could reduce production by 20 per cent. Despite an apparently abun-

dant supply of water in aggregate terms, the basin routinely suffers from localized water shortages at

specific points in space and time, and is prone to destructive episodes of flood and drought. This rep-

resents a critical economic vulnerability for the basin in the future and hence adequate flood and

drought adaptation and mitigation measures should be given priority.

4. Goals, objectives and measures

The logical order of Goal – Objective – Measure for flood and drought management in Awash River

basin is schematically shown in Figure 10. The measures are further systematically cascaded to ranges

of activities and then to sub-activities that reach to practical grounds and to actors for their implemen-

tation.

Page 21 of 71

Figure 10. Objective tree - logical connection among goals, objectives and measures

5. Measure – Target – Evaluation Criteria

The flood and drought management strategic plan has the criteria to evaluate achievements and draw-

backs with regard to the assigned objectives and measures. The measures from the already defined

strategic objectives are the basis for setting targets and outline evaluation criteria. This logical analysis

is presented in Table 4 below.

Manage flood disasterrisks

Goal Objective Measures

To reduce drought risksby 15% at the end of2017

To improve coordina-tion and cooperation fordrought risk

Manage drought disas-ter risk

To reduce flood risks by50% at the end of 2017

To improve flood water uti-lization and sustain ecosys-tem

Improve/promote legal and adminis-trative capacity for drought risks

Raise awareness on flood water use

Improve flood water controlmechanism

Improve flood water use for produc-tion

Implement drought adaptationmeasures

To improve coordina-tion and cooperation forflood management

Build legal and administrative capac-ity for flood risks

Plan and implement flood risk pre-vention, preparedness and mitiga-tion measures

Plan and implement flood adapta-tion measures

Implement drought risk prevention,preparedness and mitigationmeasures

Page 22 of 71

Table 4 Analysis of Measure – Target – Evaluation Criteria

No Measures Target Evaluation criteria

1 Implement drought risk prevention, pre-paredness and mitigation measures

Have developed early warningsystem;

Availability of functional ba-sin wide early warning sys-tem

2 Implement drought adaptation measuresDeveloped or applied technol-ogies or methods for droughtadaptation

Number or quality of tech-niques or technologiesadapted

3 Improve/promote legal and administrativecapacity for drought risks

Improved capability ondrought risks

Number of legal and admin.Instruments applied or im-plemented

4 Plan and implement flood risk prevention,preparedness and mitigation measures

Implemented plans in floodrisk prevention, preparednessand mitigation

Plans prepared and reports ofimplementation

5 Plan and implement flood adaptationmeasures

Implemented flood adaptationmeasures

Number of successful adap-tive strategies and technolo-gies

6 Build legal and administrative capacity forflood risks

Improved capability ondrought risks

Number of legal and admin.Instruments applied or im-plemented

7 Raise awareness on flood water useImproved use of flood waterfor different other uses

Number of community in-volved or technologies im-plemented

8 Improve flood water control mecha-nism

Improved flood water harvest-ing and storage

Number and size of floodwater harvesting or storagestructures or facilities

9 Improve flood water use for productionImproved use of flood waterfor different for production

Number of community usingflood water for production

6. Detail Action Plan

The detail action plan of the flood and drought management mainly contains activities, targets, sched-

ules, actors and budget. The detail action plan for all planning areas is indicated in the following pages.

About 14 major activities and 27 sub activities are included to achieve the stated goals and objectives.

In general, it comprises study, implementation, capacity building, methods to financial improvement

and activities enabling to strengthen networking among stakeholders in the basin.

Page 23 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Target 2010 2011 2012 2013 -2017

Actionowner(s) Collaborators

Conduct drought riskassessment and mapping % 100 40 60 NDRMC

NMA, MoANR, MoLF, MoWIE, UNAgencies, MoFAPC and respectivebuearux and offices

Develop drought riskmanagement plan % 100 100 NDRMC


Develop ground/surface toIrrigation/ Domestic/livestockwater supply

No 8 1 1 2 4MoWIE,BoWR,BoANR


Improve/promote droughtresilient crop/forage variety Ha 395 39.53 79.1 79.1 198 BoANR,

MoLF


Improve livestock herdingpractices No 8 1 1 2 4 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University and

research institute

3 Organize disaster riskreduction high council

Establish basin wide disaster riskreduction council and conductmeeting

No 8 1 1 1 5 AwBA andNDRMC

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, Reginald and cityAdmin.

Perform flood risk assessmentand mapping % 100 30 50 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA, Respective

Reginald office

Develop flood management plan % 100 100 AwBA,NDRMC

MoWIE, NMA, Respective Reginaldoffice

Establish institutionalnetworking for flood anddrought risk

% 100 100 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC, RespectiveReginald office

Establish HIS - BIS for flood anddrought % 100 0 20 30 50 AwBA,NMA MoWIE,Respective Reginal office,

Ethio-tele, World Bank

Provide Sub-basin level forecasts Fre/yr 3 3 15 MoWIE,NMA Mass media, Ethio-Tele, DRMC,

4

Strengthen flood anddrought forecastingand early warningsystem

Awash Upstream Koka Detail Action Plan

1

Conduct drought riskassessment, mappingand Develop riskmanagement plan

2 Conduct drought riskmitigating activities

3

Conduct flood riskassessment, mappingand Develop riskmanagement plan

Page 24 of 71

Sub-activity Unit Target 2010 2011 2012 2013 -2017


River training works Km 40 10 10 10 10 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE

Retention pond No 2 1 1 AwBA ,BoWR MoC, MoWIE, MoANR

6Implement floodrehabilitation andrecovery activities

Prepare rehabilitation plan % 100 100

DRMC and allregionaldev'tbureaux

MoWIE, MoH, MoLF, MoANR,MoFAPC, UN- Agencies, NGOs,MoE, MoLSA

Conduct trainings on adaptivetechnologies on flood riskmanagement

No 8 1 1 1 5 AwBA &MoWIE

NDRMC, World bank, Universities,Research centers, MoANR, MoLF,MoH, MoFAPC, FAO

Scale up adaptive floodmanagement techniques No 3 1 2 AwBA &

MoWIE


8

Propose policymeasures and legalframeworks on floodwater management

Propose policy measures andlegal frameworks on flood watermanagement

Doc 1 1 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Regional andcity Admin.

9 Establish and/orimplement forums conduct flood water user forum No 7 1 1 5 AwBA &

MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC, DRMC,MoEFCC, MoH, MoE, NationalPARK ,Respective regional officeUniversities, NMA, Media


5 Implement floodcontrol measures

7Conduct awarenessand training onadaptive technologies

Page 25 of 71



Hold joint seminars orsymposium No 4 1 1 2 AwBA

Research Centers, Universities,MoST, MoWIE, MoANR, MoLF,DRMC, UN Agencies, World bank,NGOs, GIZ, Private sectors

Conduct regular observation ongap and success of responseoperation

Freq/yr 8 1 1 1 5 AwBA


Construct large flood waterharvesting ponds No 1 1

BoWR/OIDAandPADC/BoPAD

MoWIE, MoANR, MoEFCC, MoLF,NGOs,

Develop ground water rechargeareas No 1 1

BoWR,BoANR andPADC/BoPAD


Store flood water at artificialreservoirs No 1 1 1 2 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB

Store flood water at naturallakes and wetlands No AwBA

MoWIE, MoLF, MoANR, MoEFCC,Respective regional bureaux andWereda office

Establish flood water agronomyscheme No. 1 1 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood water basedPasture scheme No. 1 1

MoLF,MoFAPC,PADC/BoPAD/BoLPD/LRDPA/BoANR

MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Undertake awaresscampaigns

11 Undertake local floodwater harvesting

12Store flood water atartificial reservoirs,lakes and wetlands

13 Establish inundationirrigation scheme


10

Page 26 of 71


Actionowner (s) Collaborators








Improve/promote droughtresilient crop/forage variety Ha 662 66.17 132 132 331 BoANR,

MoLF


Improve livestock herdingpractices No 13 1 2.65 2.65 6 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University and

research institute


Establish basin wide disaster riskreduction council and 4conductmeeting




Reginald office


MoWIE, NMA, Respective Reginaldoffice

4


Awash Awash Detail Activity Plan

1



Page 27 of 71

Activity Sub-activity Unit Target 2010 2011 2012 2013 -2017



% 100 100 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC, RespectiveReginald office




construct Large flood controlstructures No 1 1 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginald Gov't

River training works Km 30 10 10 10 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,

Retention pond No 4 1 1 1 1 AwBA ,BoWR MoC, MoWIE, MoANR









MoWIE


9



Doc 1 1 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Reginald andcity Admin.


5




Page 28 of 71




MoWIE







Construct large flood waterharvesting ponds No 2 1 1



Develop ground water rechargeareas No 2 1 1




Store flood water at naturallakes and wetlands No 1 1 AwBA


Establish flood water agronomyscheme No. 2 1 1 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood water basedPasture scheme No. 1 1


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO14 Establish inundation

irrigation scheme



11 Undertake awaresscampaigns

Page 29 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Target 2010 2011 2012 2013 - 2017Actionowner(s) Collaborators

Conduct drought risk assessmentand mapping % 100 40 60 NDRMC


Develop drought risk managementplan % 100 100 NDRMC


Develop ground/surface toIrrigation/ Domestic/livestock watersupply

No 19 1 2 2 14 MoWIE,BoWR, BoANR


Improve/promote drought resilientcrop/forage variety Ha 931 93.08 186 186 465 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestock herding practices No 20 2 3.72 3.72 11 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University andresearch institute





Perform flood risk assessment andmapping % 100 50 50 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA, Respective

Reginald office

Develop flood management plan % 100 100 AwBA, NDRMC MoWIE, NMA, Respective Reginaldoffice

Establish institutional networkingfor flood and drought risk % 100 100 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC, Respective

Reginald office



Provide Sub-basin level forecasts Fre/yr 3 3 15 MoWIE, NMA Mass media, Ethio-Tele, DRMC,

4

Conduct flood riskassessment, mapping andDevelop risk managementplan

5Strengthen flood anddrought forecasting andearly warning system

Awash Halidebi Detail Activity Plan

1

Conduct drought riskassessment, mapping andDevelop risk managementplan


Page 30 of 71


construct Large flood controlstructures No 2 1 1 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginald Gov't

River training works on main andtributaries Km 174 10 20 40 104 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,



Prepare rehabilitation plan % 100 100DRMC and allregional dev'tbureaux

MoWIE, MoH, MoLF, MoANR,MoFAPC, UN- Agencies, NGOs, MoE,MoLSA






MoWIE


9Propose policy measuresand legal frameworks onflood water management

Propose policy measures and legalframeworks on flood watermanagement

Doc 1 1 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Reginald and cityAdmin.


MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC, DRMC,MoEFCC, MoH, MoE, National PARK,Respective regional officeUniversities, NMA, Media


8Conduct awareness andtraining on adaptivetechnologies

6 Implement flood controlmeasures


Page 31 of 71






BoWR, BoANRandPADC/BoPAD


Store flood water at artificialreservoirs No 1 1 5 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB

Store flood water at natural lakesand wetlands No 3 1 1 1 AwBA


Establish flood water agronomyscheme No. 2 1 1 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood water based Pasturescheme No. 3 1 2


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO






13Store flood water atartificial reservoirs, lakesand wetlands


Awash Adaitu Detail activity Plan

1



Undertake local floodwater harvesting12

Page 32 of 71





Improve/promote droughtresilient crop/forage variety Ha 417 41.74 83.5 83.5 209 BoANR,

MoLF


Improve livestock herdingpractices No 8 1 1 2 4 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University and

reserch institute




MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, Reginal and cityAdmin.


Reginal office


MoWIE, NMA, Respective Reginaloffice


% 100 100 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC, RespectiveReginal office




construct Large flood controlstructures No 1 1 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginal Gov't

River training works ontributaries of the river Km 16 6 10 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,





4


5


Page 33 of 71










MoWIE


9



Doc 1 1 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Reginald andcity Admin.

10Establish and/orimplement forums

conduct flood water user forum No 7 1 1 5 AwBA &MoWIE




Page 34 of 71







Construct large flood waterharvesting ponds No 0



Develop ground water rechargeareas No 1 1




Store flood water at artificialreservoirs No 1 3 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB

Store flood water at naturallakes and wetlands No AwBA


Establish flood water agronomyscheme No. 1 1 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood water basedPasture scheme No. 2 1 1


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO







Page 35 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Target 2010 2011 2012 2013 - 2017 Actionowner(s) Collaborators




NMA, MoANR, MoLF, MoWIE, UNAgencies, MoFAPC and respectivebuearux and officesDevelop ground/surface to

Irrigation/ Domestic/livestock watersupply



Improve/promote drought resilientcrop/forage variety Ha 1151 116 230 230 575 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestock herding practices No 17 1 2 2 12 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University andreserch institute




MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, Reginal and city Admin.


Reginal office

Develop flood management plan % 100 100 AwBA, NDRMC MoWIE, NMA, Respective Reginaloffice



Reginal officeEstablish HIS - BIS for flood anddrought % 100 0 20 30 50 AwBA,NMA MoWIE,Respective Reginal office,



construct Large flood controlstructures No 2 1 1 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginald Gov't

River training works Km 77 10 10 10 47 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,


Awash Terminal Detail Activity Plan




1



4


Page 36 of 71



Prepare rehabilitation plan % 100 100DRMC and allregional dev'tbureaux

MoWIE, MoH, MoLF, MoANR,MoFAPC, UN- Agencies, NGOs, MoE,MoLSAConduct trainings on adaptive

technologies on flood riskmanagement




MoWIE




Doc 1 1 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Reginald and city


MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC, DRMC,MoEFCC, MoH, MoE, National PARK,Respective regional office

Hold joint seminars or symposium No 4 1 1 2 AwBAResearch Centers, Universities, MoST,MoWIE, MoANR, MoLF, DRMC, UNAgencies, World bank, NGOs, GIZ,

Conduct regular observation on gapand success of response operation Freq/yr 8 1 1 1 5 AwBA

Research Centers, Universities, MoST,MoWIE, MoANR, MoLF, DRMC, UNAgencies, World bank, NGOs, GIZ,


Construct large flood waterharvesting ponds No 3 1 1 1






Store flood water at artificialreservoirs No 2 2 2 2 10 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB

Store flood water at natural lakesand wetlands No 3 1 1 1 AwBA


Establish flood water agronomyscheme No. 3 1 1 1 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood water based Pasturescheme No. 2 1 1

MoLF,MoFAPC,PADC/BoPAD/

MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Undertake awaresscampaigns




11




Page 37 of 71






Develop ground/surface toIrrigation/ Domestic/livestock watersupply



Improve/promote drought resilientcrop/forage variety Ha 1040 104 208 208 520 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestock herding practices No 20 2 4 4 10 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University andresearch institute




MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, Regional and cityAdmin.



Regional office

Develop flood management plan % 100 100 AwBA, NDRMC MoWIE, NMA, Respective Regionaloffice


Regional office




construct Large flood controlstructures No 1 1 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Regional Gov't

River training works Km 20 10 10 AwBA, BoWR MoWIERetention pond No 2 1 1 AwBA ,BoWR MoC, MoWIE, MoANR

Eastern Catchment Detal Activity Plan


1



4




Page 38 of 71



Prepare rehabilitation plan % 100 100NDRMC,MoWIE, MoH,MoLF, MoANR

MoND, MoH, ERA, MoE, Regionalgov't, AwBA, Ethio-telecom, NGOs,UN, ELPA, PADC





MoWIE




Doc 1 1 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Regional and cityAdmin.


10 Establish and/orimplement forums Conduct flood water user forum No 7 1 1 5 AwBA &

MoWIE


Hold joint seminars or symposium No 4 1 1 2 AwBA

Research Centers, Universities, MoST,MoWIE, MoANR, MoLF, DRMC, UNAgencies, World bank, NGOs, GIZ,Private sectors

Conduct regular observation on gapand success of response operation Freq/yr 8 1 1 1 5 AwBA

Research Centers, Universities, MoST,MoWIE, MoANR, MoLF, DRMC, UNAgencies, World bank, NGOs, GIZ,Private sectors





Page 39 of 71





Develop ground water rechargeareas No 5 1 1 3



Store flood water at artificialreservoirs No 2 1 1 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB

Store flood water at natural lakesand wetlands No 4 2 2 AwBA


Establish flood water agronomyscheme No. 3 1 1 1 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood water based Pasturescheme No. 3 1 1 1


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO





Page 40 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Total cost 2010 2011 2012 2013-2017 Actionowner(s) Collaborators

Conduct drought riskassessment andmapping

ETB (x1000) 1,104.00 441.60 662.40 NDRMCNMA, MoANR, MoLF, MoWIE, UNAgencies, MoFAPC and respectivebuearux and offices

Develop drought riskmanagement plan >> 139.50 139.50 NDRMC


Developground/surface toIrrigation/Domestic/livestockwater supply

>> 3,952.01 494.06 494.06 988.13 1,975.76 MoWIE, BoWR,BoANR


Improve/promotedrought resilientcrop/forage variety

>> 1,612.62 161.26 322.52 322.52 806.31 BoANR, MoLFNMA, MoANR, MoLF, MoWIE, UNAgencies, MoFAPC and respectivebuearux and offices

Improve livestockherding practices >> 1,581.01 197.63 197.63 395.25 790.50 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University and

research institute

3 Organize disasterrisk reduction highcouncil

Establish basin widedisaster risk reductioncouncil and conductmeeting

>> 186.00 23.25 23.25 23.25 116.25 AwBA andNDRMC


Perform flood riskassessment andmapping

>> 4,650.00 1,395.00 2,325.00 AwBAMoWIE, NDRMC, NMA, RespectiveReginald office

Develop floodmanagement plan >> 139.50 139.50 AwBA, NDRMC MoWIE, NMA, Respective Reginald

office

Awash Upstream Koka Detail Financial Plan

1

Conduct droughtrisk assessment,mapping andDevelop riskmanagement plan

2Conduct droughtrisk mitigatingactivities

4

Conduct flood riskassessment,mapping andDevelop riskmanagement plan

Page 41 of 71


Establish institutionalnetworking for floodand drought risk

>> 41.85 41.85 AwBAMoWIE, NMA, DRMC, RespectiveReginald office

Establish HIS - BIS forflood and drought >> 17,112.00 - 3,422.40 5,133.60 8,556.00 AwBA,NMA

MoWIE,Respective Reginal office,Ethio-tele, World Bank

Provide Sub-basinlevel forecasts >> 250.00 41.67 208.33 MoWIE, NMA Mass media, Ethio-Tele, DRMC,

construct Large floodcontrol structures >> 5,870,220.47 5,870,220.47 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginald Gov't

River training works >> 4,615.38 1,153.85 1,153.85 1,153.85 1,153.85 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE

Retention pond >> 5,000.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 AwBA ,BoWR MoC, MoWIE, MoANR

7 Implement floodrehabilitation andrecovery activities

Prepare rehabilitationplan >> 139.50 139.50

DRMC and allregional dev'tbureaux

MoWIE, MoH, MoLF, MoANR,MoFAPC, UN- Agencies, NGOs, MoE,MoLSA


5

Strengthen floodand droughtforecasting andearly warningsystem


Page 42 of 71


Conduct trainings onadaptive technologieson flood riskmanagement

>> 168.79 21.10 21.10 21.10 105.50 AwBA & MoWIENDRMC, World bank, Universities,Research centers, MoANR, MoLF,MoH, MoFAPC, FAO

Scale up adaptiveflood managementtechniques

>> 125.55 41.85 83.70 AwBA & MoWIENDRMC, World bank, Universities,Research centers, MoANR, MoLF,MoH, MoFAPC, FAO

9

Propose policymeasures andlegal frameworkson flood watermanagement


>> 93.00 93.00 AwBA & MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH, MoWIE,MoFAPC, MoT, MoME, MoND,MoUHC, MoE, MoJ, Regional andcity Admin.

10 Establish and/orimplement forums

conduct flood wateruser forum >> 358.05 51.15 51.15 255.75 AwBA & MoWIE


Hold joint seminars orsymposium >> 279.00 69.75 69.75 139.50 AwBA


Conduct regularobservation on gapand success ofresponse operation

>> 186.00 23.25 23.25 23.25 116.25 AwBA



11Undertakeawaresscampaigns

8

Conductawareness andtraining onadaptivetechnologies

Page 43 of 71


Construct large floodwater harvestingponds

>> 10,000.00 10,000.00 BoWR/OIDA andPADC/BoPAD


Develop ground waterrecharge areas >> 2,500.00 2,500.00 - BoWR, BoANR

and PADC/BoPADMoWIE, MoANR, MoEFCC, MoLF,NGOs,

Store flood water atartificial reservoirs >> 75.60 18.90 18.90 37.80 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB

Store flood water atnatural lakes andwetlands

>> AwBAMoWIE, MoLF, MoANR, MoEFCC,Respective regional bureaux andWereda office

Establish flood wateragronomy scheme >> 1,000.00 1,000.00 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood waterbased Pasture scheme >> 1,000.00 1,000.00

MoLF, MoFAPC,PADC/BoPAD/BoLPD/LRDPA/BoANR

MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

5,926,529.83 3,511.25 22,478.31 15,044.31 5,884,565.97296,279.99 175.56 1,123.92 752.22 294,228.30

2,953,469.30 245.79 3,257.11 3,385.62 2,946,580.799,175,349.12 3,932.60 26,859.33 19,182.14 9,125,375.05


14Establishinundationirrigation scheme

Total cost (x000 Birr) Contingency (5%)

Inflation (7%) Grand total (x000 Birr)

12Undertake localflood waterharvesting

13

Store flood waterat artificialreservoirs, lakesand wetlands

Page 44 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Total cost 2010 2011 2012 2013-2017 Action owner(s) Collaborators

Conduct droughtrisk assessment andmapping

ETB (x1000) 2,484.00 993.60 1,490.40 NDRMC

NMA, MoANR, MoLF,MoWIE, UN Agencies,MoFAPC and respectivebuearux and offices

Develop droughtrisk managementplan

>> 233.55 233.55 NDRMC



>> 6,500.00 1,000.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 2,500.00MoWIE,BoWR,BoANR



>> 2,699.84 269.98 539.97 539.97 1,349.92 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestockherding practices >> 2,523.45 264.69 529.38 529.38 1,200.00 MoLF

MoANR, MoWIE,University and researchinstitute

3Organize disasterrisk reductionhigh council

Establish basin widedisaster riskreduction counciland 4conduct

>> 186.00 23.25 23.25 23.25 116.25 AwBA andNDRMC

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC,MoE, Reginald and city


>> 4,650.00 2,325.00 2,325.00 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA,Respective Reginald office

Develop floodmanagement plan >> 139.50 139.50 AwBA,

NDRMCMoWIE, NMA, RespectiveReginald office

Awash Awash Detail Financial Plan

1

Conduct droughtrisk assessment,mapping andDevelop riskmanagementplan


4

Conduct floodrisk assessment,mapping andDevelop riskmanagementplan

Page 45 of 71


Establishinstitutionalnetworking for floodand drought risk

>> 41.85 41.85 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC,Respective Reginald office

Establish HIS - BISfor flood anddrought

>> 28,648.80 - 5,729.76 8,594.64 14,324.40 AwBA,NMAMoWIE,Respective Reginaloffice, Ethio-tele, WorldBank

Provide Sub-basinlevel forecasts >> 250.00 41.67 208.33 MoWIE, NMA Mass media, Ethio-Tele,

DRMC,construct Largeflood controlstructures

>> 5,870,220.47 5,870,220.47 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA,Reginald Gov't

River training works >> 3,461.54 1,153.85 1,153.85 1,153.85 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,

Retention pond >> 10,000.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 AwBA ,BoWR MoC, MoWIE, MoANR

7Implement floodrehabilitationand recovery

Preparerehabilitation plan >> 139.50 139.50


MoWIE, MoH, MoLF,MoANR, MoFAPC, UN-Agencies, NGOs, MoE,

Conduct trainings onadaptivetechnologies onflood riskmanagement

>> 168.79 21.10 21.10 21.10 105.50 AwBA &MoWIE

NDRMC, World bank,Universities, Researchcenters, MoANR, MoLF,MoH, MoFAPC, FAO


>> 125.55 41.85 83.70 AwBA &MoWIE


9

Propose policymeasures andlegal frameworkson flood water

Propose policymeasures and legalframeworks onflood water

>> 93.00 93.00 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC,MoE, MoJ, Reginald and


5


6Implement floodcontrolmeasures

8


Page 46 of 71


10Establish and/orimplementforums

conduct flood wateruser forum >> 358.05 51.15 51.15 255.75 AwBA &

MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC,DRMC, MoEFCC, MoH,MoE, National PARK,Respective regional office

Hold joint seminarsor symposium >> 467.10 116.78 116.78 233.55 AwBA

Research Centers,Universities, MoST,MoWIE, MoANR, MoLF,DRMC, UN Agencies, Worldbank, NGOs, GIZ, Privatesectors


>> 311.40 38.93 38.93 38.93 194.63 AwBA


Construct largeflood waterharvesting ponds

>> 20,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 BoWR/OIDAandPADC/BoPAD

MoWIE, MoANR, MoEFCC,MoLF, NGOs,

Develop groundwater rechargeareas

>> 5,000.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 BoWR,BoANR andPADC/BoPAD


13Store floodwater atartificial


>> 2,500.00 2,500.00 AwBAMoWIE, MoLF, MoANR,MoEFCC, Respectiveregional bureaux and

Establish floodwater agronomyscheme

>> 2,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish floodwater based Pasturescheme

>> 1,000.00 1,000.00


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

5,964,202.38 7,638.64 31,936.60 31,334.65 5,893,292.50298,210.12 381.93 1,596.83 1,566.73 294,664.62


Total cost (x000 Birr)Contingency (5%)



14

Establishinundationirrigationscheme

Page 47 of 71

2,963,164.39 534.70 4,627.61 7,051.64 2,950,950.439,225,576.89 8,555.28 38,161.04 39,953.02 9,138,907.55

Inflation (7%)Grand total (x000 Birr)

Page 48 of 71



ETB (x1000) 1,380.00 552.00 828.00 NDRMC

NMA, MoANR, MoLF, MoWIE,UN Agencies, MoFAPC andrespective buearux andoffices




>> 9,500.00 500.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 7,000.00 MoWIE,BoWR, BoANR



>> 3,797.46 379.75 759.49 759.49 1,898.73 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestockherding practices >> 3,723.00 372.30 744.60 744.60 1,861.50 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University

and research institute

3Organize disasterrisk reduction highcouncil


>> 438.00 54.75 54.75 54.75 273.75 AwBA andNDRMC

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC, MoE,Reginald and city Admin.


>> 10,950.00 5,475.00 5,475.00 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA,Respective Reginald office

Develop floodmanagement plan >> 328.50 328.50 AwBA, NDRMC MoWIE, NMA, Respective

Reginald office


>> 98.55 98.55 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC,Respective Reginald office

Establish HIS - BIS forflood and drought >> 40,296.00 - 8,059.20 12,088.80 20,148.00 AwBA,NMA MoWIE,Respective Reginal

office, Ethio-tele, World Bank


DRMC,


4


5


Awash Halidebi Detail Financial Plan

1


Page 49 of 71


construct Large floodcontrol structures >> 11,740,440.94 5,870,220.47 5,870,220.47 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginald

Gov't

River training workson main andtributaries

>> 20,076,923.08 1,153,846.15 2,307,692.31 4,615,384.62 12,000,000.00 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,





MoWIE, MoH, MoLF, MoANR,MoFAPC, UN- Agencies,NGOs, MoE, MoLSA


>> 397.41 49.68 49.68 49.68 248.38 AwBA &MoWIE

NDRMC, World bank,Universities, Researchcenters, MoANR, MoLF, MoH,MoFAPC, FAO


>> 295.65 98.55 197.10 AwBA &MoWIE


9

Propose policymeasures andlegal frameworkson flood water


>> 219.00 219.00 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC, MoE,MoJ, Reginald and city Admin.



MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC,DRMC, MoEFCC, MoH, MoE,National PARK ,Respectiveregional office Universities,NMA, Media



8


Page 50 of 71



Research Centers,Universities, MoST, MoWIE,MoANR, MoLF, DRMC, UNAgencies, World bank, NGOs,GIZ, Private sectors


>> 438.00 54.75 54.75 54.75 273.75 AwBA



>> 20,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 BoWR/OIDAandPADC/BoPAD


Develop ground waterrecharge areas >> 5,000.00 2,500.00 2,500.00



Store flood water atartificial reservoirs >> 275.94 45.99 229.95 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB


>> 7,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 AwBAMoWIE, MoLF, MoANR,MoEFCC, Respective regionalbureaux and Wereda office

Establish flood wateragronomy scheme >> 2,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood waterbased Pasture scheme >> 3,000.00 1,000.00 2,000.00


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

31,939,408.67 1,163,330.93 8,211,921.50 4,651,165.54 17,912,990.711,596,970.43 58,166.55 410,596.07 232,558.28 895,649.54

11,287,630.98 81,433.16 1,189,907.42 1,046,712.25 8,969,578.1444,824,010.09 1,302,930.64 9,812,425.00 5,930,436.06 27,778,218.39




13


14Establish

inundationirrigation scheme



Page 51 of 71



ETB (x1000) 828.00 331.20 496.80 NDRMC



>> 147.30 147.30 NDRMC



>> 4,221.71 527.96 527.96 1,055.92 2,109.87MoWIE,BoWR,BoANR



>> 3,235.30 1,702.79 340.56 340.56 851.39 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestockherding practices >> 1,600.00 200.00 200.00 400.00 800.00 MoLF

MoANR, MoWIE,University and reserchinstitute


Establish basin widedisaster riskreduction counciland conductmeeting

>> 196.40 24.55 24.55 24.55 122.75 AwBA andNDRMC

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC,MoE, Reginal and cityAdmin.

Awash adaitu Detai financial Plan

1



Page 52 of 71



>> 4,910.00 1,473.00 2,455.00 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA,Respective Reginal office

Develop floodmanagement plan >> 147.30 147.30 AwBA,

NDRMCMoWIE, NMA, RespectiveReginal office


>> 44.19 44.19 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC,Respective Reginal office


>> 18,068.80 - 3,613.76 5,420.64 9,034.40 AwBA,NMAMoWIE,Respective Reginaloffice, Ethio-tele, WorldBank



>> 5,870,220.47 5,870,220.47 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, ReginalGov't

River training workson tributaries of theriver

>> - - - AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,


7

Implement floodrehabilitationand recoveryactivities

Preparerehabilitation plan >> 147.30 147.30


MoWIE, MoH, MoLF,MoANR, MoFAPC, UN-Agencies, NGOs, MoE,MoLSA



4


5


Page 53 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Total cost 2010 2011 2012 2013-2017 Action owner(s) CollaboratorsConduct trainings onadaptivetechnologies onflood riskmanagement

>> 178.20 22.27 22.27 22.27 111.37 AwBA &MoWIE



>> 132.57 44.19 88.38 AwBA &MoWIE


9


Propose policymeasures and legalframeworks onflood watermanagement

>> 98.20 98.20 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC,MoE, MoJ, Reginald andcity Admin.



MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC,DRMC, MoEFCC, MoH,MoE, National PARK,Respective regional officeUniversities, NMA, Media

Hold joint seminarsor symposium >> 294.60 73.65 73.65 147.30 AwBA



>> 196.40 24.55 24.55 24.55 122.75 AwBA



8



Page 54 of 71

No Activity Sub-activity Unit Total cost 2010 2011 2012 2013-2017 Action owner(s) CollaboratorsConstruct largeflood waterharvesting ponds

>> - BoWR/OIDAandPADC/BoPAD



>> 2,500.00 2,500.00 - BoWR,BoANR andPADC/BoPAD


Store flood water atartificial reservoirs >> 56.70 56.70 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB


>> AwBA

MoWIE, MoLF, MoANR,MoEFCC, Respectiveregional bureaux andWereda office


>> 1,000.00 1,000.00 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO


>> 2,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

5,920,851.51 6,519.31 11,604.50 14,101.92 5,887,643.77295,993.48 325.97 580.23 705.10 294,382.19

2,953,433.32 456.35 1,681.49 3,173.54 2,948,121.949,169,296.30 7,301.63 13,866.22 17,980.55 9,130,147.90

Total cost(x1000 Birr)Contingency (5%)




13

Store floodwater atartificialreservoirs, lakesand wetlands

14


Page 55 of 71



ETB (x1000) 672.67 269.07 403.60 NDRMC





>> 8,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 5,000.00 MoWIE,BoWR, BoANR



>> 4,695.67 469.57 939.13 939.13 2,347.84 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestockherding practices >> 2,616.64 54.16 54.16 108.32 2,400.00 MoLF MoANR, MoWIE, University

and reserch institute

3Organize disasterrisk reduction highcouncil


>> 541.60 67.70 67.70 67.70 338.50 AwBA andNDRMC

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC, MoE,Reginal and city Admin.


>> 13,540.00 4,062.00 6,770.00 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA,Respective Reginal office

Develop floodmanagement plan >> 406.20 406.20 AwBA, NDRMC MoWIE, NMA, Respective

Reginal office

Awash Terminal Detail Finacial Plan

1



4


Page 56 of 71



>> 121.86 121.86 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC,Respective Reginal office

Establish HIS - BIS forflood and drought >> 34,868.00 - 6,973.60 10,460.40 17,434.00 AwBA,NMA MoWIE,Respective Reginal

office, Ethio-tele, World Bank


DRMC,

construct Large floodcontrol structures >> 11,740,440.94 5,870,220.47 5,870,220.47 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA, Reginald

Gov't

River training works >> 8,884.65 1,153.85 1,153.85 1,153.85 5,423.10 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE,





MoWIE, MoH, MoLF, MoANR,MoFAPC, UN- Agencies,NGOs, MoE, MoLSA


>> 491.41 61.43 61.43 61.43 307.13 AwBA &MoWIE



>> 365.58 121.86 243.72 AwBA &MoWIE


9



>> 270.80 270.80 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC, MoE,MoJ, Reginald and city Admin.

5



8



Page 57 of 71




MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC,DRMC, MoEFCC, MoH, MoE,National PARK ,Respectiveregional office Universities,NMA, Media




>> 541.60 67.70 67.70 67.70 338.50 AwBA



>> 30,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 BoWR/OIDAandPADC/BoPAD


Develop ground waterrecharge areas >> 7,500.00 2,500.00 5,000.00



Store flood water atartificial reservoirs >> 454.94 56.87 56.87 56.87 284.34 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB


>> 7,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 AwBAMoWIE, MoLF, MoANR,MoEFCC, Respective regionalbureaux and Wereda office




13


Page 58 of 71


Establish flood wateragronomy scheme >> 3,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

Establish flood waterbased Pasture scheme >> 2,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

11,881,645.41 9,615.13 34,872.82 5,904,741.59 5,929,707.88593,946.87 480.76 1,743.64 295,237.08 296,485.39

4,303,731.60 673.06 5,053.07 1,328,820.76 2,969,184.7116,776,615.89 10,768.95 41,669.53 7,528,799.43 9,195,377.99



ETB (x1000) 1,656.00 662.40 993.60 NDRMC



% 367.05 367.05 NDRMC



Eastern Catchment Deatl Finacial Plan

1


14Establishinundationirrigation scheme



Page 59 of 71



No 10,399.75 990.45 990.45 990.45 7,428.39MoWIE,BoWR,BoANR



Ha 4,243.10 424.31 848.62 848.62 2,121.55 BoANR, MoLF


Improve livestockherding practices No 4,000.00 400.00 800.00 800.00 2,000.00 MoLF

MoANR, MoWIE,University and researchinstitute


Establish basin widedisaster riskreduction counciland conduct

No 489.40 61.18 61.18 61.18 305.88 AwBA andNDRMC

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC,MoE, Regional and city


% 12,235.00 3,670.50 6,117.50 AwBA MoWIE, NDRMC, NMA,Respective Regional office

Develop floodmanagement plan % 367.05 367.05 AwBA,

NDRMCMoWIE, NMA, RespectiveRegional office


% 110.12 110.12 AwBA MoWIE, NMA, DRMC,Respective Regional office


% 34,868.00 - 6,973.60 10,460.40 17,434.00 AwBA,NMAMoWIE,Respective Reginaloffice, Ethio-tele, WorldBank

Provide Sub-basinlevel forecasts Fre/yr 250.00 41.67 208.33 MoWIE, NMA Mass media, Ethio-Tele,


No 5,870,220.47 5,870,220.47 MoWIE AwBA, MoC, ELPA,Regional Gov't

River training works Km 2,307,692.31 1,153,846.15 1,153,846.15 AwBA, BoWR MoWIE

Retention pond No 5,000.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 AwBA ,BoWR MoC, MoWIE, MoANR


5




4


Page 60 of 71


7Implement floodrehabilitationand recovery

Preparerehabilitation plan % 367.05 367.05

NDRMC,MoWIE,MoH, MoLF,

MoND, MoH, ERA, MoE,Regional gov't, AwBA,Ethio-telecom, NGOs, UN,

Conduct trainings onadaptivetechnologies onflood riskmanagement

No 444.05 55.51 55.51 55.51 277.53 AwBA &MoWIE



No 330.35 110.12 220.23 AwBA &MoWIE


9


Propose policymeasures and legalframeworks onflood watermanagement

Doc 244.70 244.70 AwBA &MoWIE

MoANR, MoEFCC, MoH,MoWIE, MoFAPC, MoT,MoME, MoND, MoUHC,MoE, MoJ, Regional andcity Admin.


Conduct flood wateruser forum No 942.10 134.59 134.59 672.93 AwBA &

MoWIE

MoANR, MoLF, MoFAPC,DRMC, MoEFCC, MoH,MoE, National PARK,Respective regional office

Hold joint seminarsor symposium No 734.10 183.53 183.53 367.05 AwBA



Freq/yr 489.40 61.18 61.18 61.18 305.88 AwBA


Construct largeflood waterharvesting ponds

No 20,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 BoWR/OIDAandPADC/BoPAD



8




Page 61 of 71


No 12,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 7,500.00 BoWR,BoANR andPADC/BoPAD



Page 62 of 71


Store flood water atartificial reservoirs No 420.00 210.00 210.00 AwBA EPCO, MoWIE, RWB


No 10,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 AwBA

MoWIE, MoLF, MoANR,MoEFCC, Respectiveregional bureaux andWereda office


No. 8,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 6,000.00 OIDA, BoWR MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO


No. 8,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 4,000.00


MoANR, MoEFCC, NGO

8,314,369.98 5,773.23 28,477.45 1,192,053.91 7,085,618.38415,596.15 288.66 1,423.87 59,602.70 354,280.92

3,820,778.08 404.13 4,126.38 268,263.39 3,547,984.1912,548,297.21 6,466.02 34,027.71 1,519,919.99 10,987,883.49


14




13

Store floodwater atartificialreservoirs, lakesand wetlands

Page 63 of 71

7. Financial Plan Summary

7.1. Cost estimates by measure for 6 planning areas (2010 – 2012)

2010-2012 BUDGET SUMMERY BY MEASURES Cost (x000 Birr) Total BudgetSummary

S.No

Measure Unit Upstreamkoka

Awash atAwash

Awash Hail-debi

AwashAdaytu

Awash Ter-minal

EasternCatchment 2010-2012

1

Implement drought risk preven-tion, preparedness and mitiga-tion measures

ETB 3,572.57 5,049.92 10,760.23 3,761.27 9,747.84 11,549.94 44,441.76

2

Improve/promote legal and ad-ministrative capacity for droughtrisks

ETB 116.25 116.25 273.75 122.75 338.50 305.88 1,273.38

3

Plan and implement flood riskprevention, preparedness andmitigation measures

ETB 5,880,138.65 5,887,253.20 17,893,076.80 5,881,963.20 5,898,285.90 7,044,208.96 48,484,926.72

4

Plan and implement flood reha-bilitation, recovery and adapta-tion measures

ETB 189.20 189.20 445.48 199.75 550.85 497.76 2,072.24

5Produce legal and administrativecapacity for flood risks ETB - - - - - - -

6Raise awareness on flood wateruse ETB 511.50 683.93 1,204.50 540.10 1,000.45 1,345.85 5,286.33

7Improve flood water harvestingand storage ETB 37.80 - 5,229.95 56.70 17,784.34 17,710.00 40,818.79

8Improve flood water use for pro-duction ETB - - 2,000.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 10,000.00 15,000.00

SUB TOTAL BUDGET FOR EACH PLANNING AREA ETB 5,884,565.97 5,893,292.50 17,912,990.71 5,887,643.77 5,929,707.88 7,085,618.38 48,593,819.21

N.B: Contingency and inflation are not included in the estimation presented in the table.

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2013-2017 BUDGET SUMMERY BY MEASURES Cost (x000 Birr) Total BudgetSummary

S.No Measure Unit Upstreamkoka

Awash atAwash

Awash Hail-debi

AwashAdaytu

Awash Ter-minal


1

Implement drought risk preven-tion, preparedness and mitiga-tion measures

ETB 3,572.57 5,049.92 10,760.23 3,761.27 9,747.84 11,549.94 44,441.76

2

Improve/promote legal and ad-ministrative capacity for droughtrisks

ETB 116.25 116.25 273.75 122.75 338.50 305.88 1,273.38

3


ETB 5,880,138.65 5,887,253.20 17,893,076.80 5,881,963.20 5,898,285.90 7,044,208.96 48,484,926.72

4


ETB 189.20 189.20 445.48 199.75 550.85 497.76 2,072.24

5

Produce legal and administrativecapacity for flood risks ETB - - - - - - -

6Raise awareness on flood wateruse ETB 511.50 683.93 1,204.50 540.10 1,000.45 1,345.85 5,286.33

7Improve flood water harvestingand storage ETB 37.80 - 5,229.95 56.70 17,784.34 17,710.00 40,818.79

8Improve flood water use for pro-duction ETB - - 2,000.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 10,000.00 15,000.00

SUB TOTAL BUDGET FOR EACH PLANNING AREA ETB 5,884,565.97 5,893,292.50 17,912,990.71 5,887,643.77 5,929,707.88 7,085,618.38 48,593,819.21


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2010-2017 BUDGET SUMMERY BY MEASURES Total BudgetSummary

S.No Planning Areas Upstreamkoka

Awash atAwash

Awash Hail-debi

AwashAdaytu

Awash Termi-nal


1

Implement drought risk pre-vention, preparedness and mit-igation measures

ETB 8,389.14 14,440.84 18,728.96 10,032.31 16,391.18 20,665.90 88,648.32

2

Improve/promote legal and ad-ministrative capacity fordrought risks

ETB 186.00 186.00 438.00 196.40 541.60 489.40 2,037.40

3


ETB 5,902,029.21 5,917,412.16 31,879,287.07 5,903,640.76 11,811,011.65 8,230,742.94 69,644,123.78

4


ETB 433.84 433.84 1,021.56 458.07 1,263.19 1,141.44 4,751.93

5Produce legal and administra-tive capacity for flood risks ETB 93.00 93.00 219.00 98.20 270.80 244.70 1,018.70

6Raise awareness on flood wateruse ETB 823.05 1,136.55 1,938.15 869.07 1,712.05 2,165.60 8,644.47

7Improve flood water harvestingand storage ETB 12,575.60 27,500.00 32,775.94 2,556.70 45,454.94 42,920.00 163,783.18

8Improve flood water use forproduction ETB 2,000.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 16,000.00 34,000.00

SUB TOTAL BUDGET FOR EACH PLANNING AREA 5,926,529.83 5,964,202.38 31,939,408.67 5,920,851.51 11,881,645.41 8,314,369.98 69,947,007.78


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7.4. Cost summary per planning area

PlanningAreas Cost (x1000Birr) 2010 2011 2012 2013-2017 2010-2017

U/S Koka

Total cost (x000 Birr) 3511.246276 22478.30828 15044.30744 5884565.966 5926529.828

Contingency (5%) 175.5623138 1123.915414 752.2153721 294228.2983 296279.9914

Inflation (7%) 245.7872393 3257.106869 3385.61608 2946580.787 2953469.297

Grand total (x000 Birr) 3,932.59 26,859.33 19,182.13 9,125,375.05 9,175,349.11

Awash atAwash

Total cost (x000 Birr) 7638.640576 31936.59938 31334.64604 5893292.498 5964202.384Contingency (5%) 381.9320288 1596.829969 1566.732302 294664.6249 298210.1192

Inflation (7%) 534.7048403 4627.61325 7051.642749 2950950.426 2963164.387


Awash Hal-idebi

Total cost (x000 Birr) 1163330.926 8211921.496 4651165.54 17912990.71 31939408.67

Contingency (5%) 58166.54628 410596.0748 232558.277 895649.5356 1596970.434

Inflation (7%) 81433.16479 1189907.425 1046712.247 8969578.142 11287630.98

Grand total (x000 Birr) 1,302,930.63 9,812,424.996 5,930,436.06 27,778,218.39 4,4824,010.09

AwashAdaytu

Total cost (x000 Birr) 6519.312706 11604.50231 14101.91897 5887643.774 5920851.508

Contingency (5%) 325.9656353 580.2251153 705.0959486 294382.1887 295993.4754

Inflation (7%) 456.3518894 1681.492384 3173.538151 2948121.938 2953433.321


Awash Ter-minal

Total cost (x000 Birr) 9615.132023 34872.8161 5904741.587 5929707.879 11881645.41

Contingency (5%) 480.7566012 1743.640805 295237.0793 296485.3939 593946.8707

Inflation (7%) 673.0592416 5053.071053 1328820.761 2969184.71 4303731.60

Grand total (x000 Birr) 10,768.94 41,669.52 7,528,799.427 9,195,377.98 16,776,615.89

EasternCatchment

Total cost (x000 Birr) 5773.23362 28477.45342 1192053.909 7085618.381 8314369.977

Contingency (5%) 288.661681 1423.872671 59602.69545 354280.9191 415596.1489

Inflation (7%) 404.1263534 4126.383001 268263.3878 3547984.185 3820778.082

Grand total (x000 Birr) 6466.021654 34027.70909 1519919.992 10987883.49 12548297.21

Grand total for the Basin 1,339,955.11 9,967,008.826 15056271.2 75.355,910.36 101,719,145.5

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8. Risk management

8.1.Planning assumption

o High commitment of all stakeholders

o Necessary budget is released

o Timely decision making from decision makers

o Strong Collaboration and Cooperation

o The Undergoing Projects will be completed

o Good governance

8.2. Expected challenges

o Securing livelihoods for growing population of the basin through economical use of flood-

plains.

o The need for a basin approach taking into consideration interactions between the land and wa-

ter environments.

o Absolute safety from flooding is ideal. Because it is difficult to manage all floods as expected

by the flood plain society.

o The effects of proposed flood management interventions on the floodplain aquatic ecosystem

as these depend on flood events for survival.

o Effects of climate change and variability.

o Balancing development needs with risks as people will not (and in some instances, will not)

abandon flood prone areas.

o Industrialization and development expansions (Big cities in the basin selected for Industry

zone, 4 sugar factories, infrastructure. expressway, railway …etc.) may cause change in land

use aggravates the flood.

o Reduced capacity of Koka Dam to handle the excess flood generated at upstream Koka

8.3. Possible solution

o Provide all stakeholders, including the public, with full opportunities to share their views and

influence the outcome;

o Raise awareness at the basin level and develop a host of preventive and mitigation measures

against flood and droughts.

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o Build consensus and public support for the outcomes;

o Build stakeholders’ commitment;

o Ensure implementation of basin flood management plans with full public support;

o Ensure sustainability of plans and associated decisions;

o Build resilience of flood-prone communities

9. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms

Flood and drought management has the task of establishing sufficient controls over a project to

ensure that it stays on track towards the achievement of its objectives. This is done by monitoring,

which is the systematic and continuous collection, analysis and use of information for management

control and decision-making. In this instance implementation is seen as a continuous learning pro-

cess where expense gathered is analyzed and fed back into planning and updated implementation

approaches.

Flood and Drought Management monitoring is an integral part of day-to-day management. It pro-

vides information by which management can identify and solve implementation problems, and as-

sess progress. The Logical Framework, the implementation schedule, activity schedules, and the

river basin plan budget provide the basis for this monitoring. There are a number of different levels

of monitoring, each related to what kind of information is relevant, and the regularity of monitoring.

Flood and Drought Management Evaluation is an assessment, as systematic and objective as pos-

sible, of an ongoing or completed river basin plan, program or policy, its design, implementation

and Results. The aim is to determine the relevance and fulfillment of objectives, developmental

efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. An evaluation should provide information that

is credible/reliable/ and useful, enabling the incorporation of lessons learned into the decision-mak-

ing process of both recipients and donors.

Monitoring and evaluations are interactive and mutually supportive processes. Monitoring and

evaluation of development activities therefore provides government officials, development manag-

ers, and civil society with better means for learning from past experience, improving service deliv-

ery, planning and allocating resources, and demonstrating results as part of accountability to key

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stakeholders. The basin plan monitoring and evaluation framework under this theme is summarized

below (Table 5), just only to show the levels and frequencies.

Table 5.Basin plan monitoring framework

Effective Flood and drought management is therefore crucial to successful development river basin

plan, and hence monitoring and evaluation. To manage adaptively, river basin plan implementers

and managers will need to: -

o Understand the whole basin plan design

o Gather and analyze relevant information to make good decisions.

o Facilitate learning with all key stakeholders; and

o Negotiate required changes to basin plans and processes

No Monitoring and/or Evaluation Level Frequency

1Activity monitoring – how the detailed activities are pro-gressing and giving feedbacks

Per six months

2Budget or cost monitoring – the alignment of activities withthe planned budget for activities

Per six months

3Result evaluation – accounting of the achieved results on duecourse of basin plan implementation

Yearly

4Impact evaluation – the effects of implementing the activitiesin plan (physical, institutional, human resource, technology,information

Per three Years

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Table 6. River basin plan monaitoring methods

Method Description

Stakeholder Analysis Identifies participants and information to be included in M&E.

Documentation ReviewHelps to track and understand the evolution of a project. It can help establish a base-line, or information on a specific indicator.

Biophysical measurementsUsed to measure physical changes over time related to a specific indicator. It pro-vides reliable, statistically verifiable data.

Direct ObservationUsed to obtain useful and timely information by observing what people do. Thisoften complements statistical data.

Cost-Benefit AnalysisUsed to analysis and enumerate the range of benefits and costs surrounding a deci-sion. Comparisons are often made within a project, or with other projects to deter-mine efficiency.

Surveys and QuestionnairesUsed to gain data from a large number of people in a structured way. The data de-rived from surveys often require statistical analysis.

Semi-Structured InterviewsUsed to gain information from an individual or small group, using a series of broadquestions to guide conversations. These allow for building an in-depth understand-ing of issues.

Case StudiesUsed to document the sequence of events, or story related to a person, location, groupor any other unit of investigation. This provides useful information into impact

Focus groupsUsed to collect general information, clarify details or gather opinions on is-sues. This is useful to build consensus and validate data in a group.

Group RankingUsed to generate ideas and consensus from a group in developing a rankedlist of problems, issues or actions. It often is used to complement othermethods.

MappingUsed to generate information on areas, resources, or social relationships.These are often useful visual data methods that can generate primary data.

Timeline dataThese are used to generate data over time, through using journals, diaries,trend analyses, seasonal calendars etc. The data generated gives useful trenddata, rather than static pictures.

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Documents

Awash River Basin Flood and Drought Management Strategic Plan · 2020-03-18 · Map of Awash River Basin (AwBA 2017 E.C) ... about 15 % of the basin area is low hazard zone, leaving