Avtar Vadavali 3

AdVmadXmdbr3

(dmXm : 10-24)

H$meH$ : lrdb^{dmnrR>-lr{d>boda wMaU Am.hmo.Q>Q>.d d H$mo-Amnao{Q>d gmogm`Q>rnwZm-~|Jbmoa amoS>, H$mohmnwa.hmam>. 416008.

gnmXH$ : Jmodmr `m Zmoha

WgH$aU : {d.g.1976=B.g.1920.

{Vr`gH$aU : {d.g.2063=B.g.2007.

{V : 1000

{ZewH${dVaUmW

wH$ : am AmQ>g,4, MwZmdmbm BS>pQ>Ab EQ>oQ>,H$m|{S>{dQ>m, AYoar (nyd),w~B : 400059.

1 2

&&lrH$Um` Z&&&&lrXmMm`MaUH$bo`mo Z&&

gnmXH$s`

doXmVHo$ {d{^Z WmZm|| dmXmd{b`m|Ho$ U`ZH$s nanamH$m Cg d h{f ~mXamÙmam ~gym|| AnZm`r J`r {d{e> {dMmaar{V| hr {Z{hV hnmVo h.

doXHo$ CmaH$mS>$n Cn{ZfXm|| {Vnm o , Zme, ~Ho$ m{bH$VWm brbmW n[aJhrV d$n, V{XVa nXmWm] m o m| H$m {ZagZ, ~mpVH$sgmYZm; Ama CZ gmYZmAm|Ho$ mam mV hmoZodmbr $bmZw y{V Am{X, AZoH${dMm {df`m|H$m BX{W^mdoZ {ZYmaU Cn{ZfXdMZm|H$s EH$dm`Vm ImoOnmZona hr e` hmo nmVm h. VXW hoVw{ZX}enwaga dm`mWm]H$s rmgm| d gyH$ma r dmXebr AnZm H$a hr dm hdo h. EVXW gd` A{damoY gmYZAma $b Ho$ {VnmXH$ Mma A`m`m|| Mma-Mma nmXm|| mo{OV AZoH$ A{YH$aUm||CZ A{YH$aUm|H$m d$n ^r VmX Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ rm` dMZm|H$mo {df`dm`~Zm H$a, CZ| CâVr ge`H$s H$mo{Q>`m|H$mo XagmVo hdo, CZ ge`H$mo{Q>`m|Ho$AVJV nydnjH$m {ZagZ H$aVo hdo, Cmanj `m {gmVnj H$s Cnn{mhoVwg{hV VwV H$aVo hdo; Bgr Vah, A{J {dMm $n {df`dm`H$s gJ{VHo$^r A{^m`de, `m| BZ nmM AJm|| ~rmgm gyH$maZo gnZ H$s h.EVmdVm gyH$ma Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ dm`mWm]H$s rmgmH$m AZw>mZ dmXebr| hrgnZ H$aZm MmhVo h. ^JdXJrVmHo$ ""A`m{dm {dmZm dmX dXVmAh'' (^J.JrVm.10&32) AmXego gyH$ma h{f ~mXamÙH$m AZwo[aVhmoZm `m| n> PbH$ OmVm h.

gyH$maZo gmdYmZV`m AnZo {Vnjr VdmXm|H$mo Xmo `m VrZ dJm]|{d^m{OV {H$`m h :

1.dh {MVZ {H$ {Og| rm` Cn{ZfXdMZm|H$m gyH$maH$mogdWm AdrH$m A~mpH$ `m`mZ VwV {H$`m J`m hmo.

2.dh {MVZ {H$ {Og| Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ dMZm|na Adbp~V hdo{~Zm Amn{Zf{XH$ o go {H$gr VahH$m A{d `m {d hr H$moBo dVV`m {Vnm{XV H$a {X`m hmo.

3.d gyH$maH$s Vah Cn{ZfXdMZm|H$s EH$dm`Vm gmYZoHo$b`H$mo ~w{JV aIZoHo$ ~mdOyX {OZ| Cn{ZfXdm`mWH$s rmgm|gyH$maHo$ A{^m`go gdWm {dnarV Z hmoZona ^r `V {H$pMV nmW`Vmo H$Q> hdm hr hmo.

Bh| nydnjV`m CnWm{nV H$aHo$ {ZOm{ôV hoVwAm|Ho$ ~bna BZ {d{dYVdmXm|H$m {ZamH$aU H$aZm VWm Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ AZoH${dY dMZm|| {VnmAZoH$Zm-$n-H$m]Ho$ EH$m CnmXmZ A{Vr` ~$n o Ho$ {VnmXZ|lw{VdMZm|H$m gpdV mm`, CgH$s mpVHo$ Cnm`; Ama CZ Cnm`m|go m`$bm|Ho$ d$n Ho$ {VnmXH$ m$nH$mo ZmoJV aI H$a Cn{ZfMZm|Ho$ A{^m`m|H$srmgm H$aZona EH$ {d{e> {dMma{> Câ nmVr h. Eogr {dMma{>Ho$ gmWhr gyH$ma gyU`ZmW AJga hdo h. Ama AVEd doXmVgym|Ho$ "dmXmdbr'ZmZm {g Z hmoZona ^r BZ gym|H$s gaMZm hr CZH$s dgr nhoMmZ H$Q> H$aXoVr h.

AVEd doXmV-WmZHo$ ~hV gmao dmXJWm|| ~gym|H$s Vah hrmU-o -gmYZ-$b `m gd`-A{damoY-gmYZ-$b H$m m$n hrAZwJV hdm h nmVo h. `h A` H$Wm h {H$ dmX-{VdmXHo$ KgmZ $ngo{N>S> OmZona, H$^r-H$^r, {ddmXmnX wm|H$s AnojmHo$ AZwgma A`m`m$nm|| ^r dmXJWm| `m dmXmd{b`m| H$m U`Z hdm hr h.

emH$a doXmVWmZHo$ mMrZ-AdmMrZ dmXJW, ZmZm, B>{g{ ~{g{ZH$`{g{ `m`H$aX ~{dmâU Vdew{ AV{g{ AVaZdmXZjmbm AVmmoX eV yfUr ge JWm||, AVEd, H$ht CV m$n

3 4

Vmo H$ht {deof {Vnm {df`Ho$ {VnmXZmW `m naVHo$ Ho$db {ZagZmWA`Wm m$n ^r AnZm`m J`m h. BgHo$ {dnarV IS>ZIS>Im JW|dmXar{VHo$ ~Om` {dVS>mar{VH$mo AnZm H$a JWH$ma AJga hdo h, `m`VHo$nXmWm]Ho$ `dhmam{^V bjUm|Ho$ ^r `m`mZmW Bgo hr nadVu H$mb|dmX$noU ^r VwV H$aZo lr{MgwIw{ZZo VdXr{nH$m JWH$s aMZm H$s.`h oX BZ dmXJWm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona naIm Om gH$Vm h.

ammZwO-md doXmV-WmZm|| ^r mMrZ-AdmMrZ dmXJWm|| BgoXoIm-gmoMm Om gH$Vm h : lr`mwZo mMm H$V {g{`, lrammZwOmMm mam{Okmgm{YH$aU| emH$a doXmVHo$ `m`mZmW `mo{OV hmnydm}manj,lrdoXmVXo{eH$H$V VdwVmH$bmn `m`{gmOZ eVXyfUr, lrCmwadraamKdmMm`H$V namW^yfU Am{X dmXJW; AWdm, lrdmMm`H$VXg dmXH$aU, lrO`VrWH$V dmXmdbr, lr`mgam`H$V `m`mV VH$VmS>dAm{X. BZ| H${Vn` dmXJW d{gmV{H$`mHo$ S>ZmW h Vmo A`na{gmV{H$`mHo$ IS>ZmW ^r h.

d dmb^ doXmVWmZ| Jmodmr lr{d>bZmW wMaUmam {bIoJ o dmXJWm|| ^pVhg ^pVhoVw{ZU Ama {dS>Z ZmH$ dmXJWm||dVr` nw{>^pVHo$ d$n VWm hoVw Ed gmH$ma~dmXHo$ S>ZmW AmanaV, {deofV`m, m`mdmXHo$ IS>ZH$m AZw>mZ ^r dmXJWH$s ebr| hrgnZ hdm h.

BgHo$ Abmdm BZ dmXJWm|Ho$ ~mao| `h ^r EH$ V` CboIZr` bJVmh {H$ H$^r BZ| mm`rmgmH$mo YmZ CnnmXZr` ~Zm H$a VybH$o H$m {VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h. Vmo H$^r gmjmV o d$nH$mo YmZ ~ZmH$a dm hmoZodmbo ^r dmXJW CnbY hmoVo h.

Bgr Vah o d$nH$mo dmXMMmH$m YmZ {df` ~ZmZodmbo dmXJWm||^r ~MMmgo Ama^ H$a ~go O` m ~Ho$ AdmVa $nm|H$s {ZJZmH$

n{Vgo MMm| OwQ>Zodmbo H${Vn` dmXJW {bVo h. Vmo Hw$N> A` dmXJWOS>-Ord Am{X Vdm|Ho$ d$n{ZYmaUmam ~Ho$ d$nH$s CnZ`mH$n{Vgo MMm| OwQ>o hdo ^r {XIbm`r XoVo h.

emH$a doXmVWmZHo$ {b o, m`, gmamo{nV JwUYm]Ho$ {VfoYmam{Z{deof Adm` ~H$m CnnmXZ, {ZfoYeofV`m, H$aZm A{YH$ AmgJV{H$`m hmo OmVr h. AVEd ~gym|| eX`mX`m gwb^ Z hmoZona ^r^JdnmX lreH$amMm H$mo Cgy A`mg^m` {Okmgm{YH$aU| OmoS>Zm nS>m.VXZw$n ~Ho$ CnmgZmW H$pnV {`mamo{nV H$m bjU VWm AZmamo{nVnamWV`m ko d$nbjU Ho$ oXde emImYVr`m oZ {Okm` ~Ama ko ~ Ho$ VH$m Adb~Z ^r dhm A{Zdm V`m H$aZm nS>m h.

emH$aoVa doXmVHo$ {d{^Z WmZm|| BgH$s Anojm Z hmoZogo, ~H$moCn{ZfXm{X emm|H$m EH$m VWm gmjmX dm` mZm J`m h. AVEd ~Ho$d$n| Amamo{nV VWm AZmamo{nV Ho$ ^oXH$s Anojm emH$aoVa doXmVHo$WmZm|| ah Zht OmVr. AVEd ~Ho$ Cn{ZfXm{X emm|| {Vnm{XV d$nHo${ZYm[aV hmo OmZona ~rmgmHo$ AmZwf{JH$V`m ~me yV, ~monmXmZH$`m ~H$VH$ g{>Ho$ AZoH${dY Vd, `Wm, OS>-Ord `m gmYZ-$b Am{Xg^r {df`m|H$m {ZYmaU {ZJZmH$ n{Vmam H$a nmZm BZ doXmVWmZm|Ho${b o gwH$a hmo OmVm h. `h hm w lrdb^mMm H$V ~gymUw m`Ho$-

""ZZw ~Umo {dMmao {VkmVo {damoY{ZamH$aUmXrZmA{VkmVmWd... "~{U' B{V Z H${U f>r {H$Vw eofo f>r.VWmM ~g~pY VkmZmon`mo{J gdod {VkmV do{XV`.ZM JmUVmn{m A{Okm`d M `mX B{V dm`, ~mogXohm^mdmV gpXY d {Okm`Vm. JmUdVw eXVEd ZVwAWV. doXmm`Vw {VV{gdmX Z {dMm Vo. VmX ~{Okm{gV` B{V {g''. (~.gy.dm.^m.1&1&1).

""V qH$bjU {H$mUH$ B{V {Okmgm`m Amh gyH$mamo"Om` `V em`mo{ZdmX' B{V... Z{h lwqV `m`mVw

5 6

dm gyH$ma {H$Vw gXoh dma{`Vw... Cn{mpW{VZmemZmOJV H$V d ~hX doXoZ ~mo{YV V{ Z A`Wm ^{dVw j...doXoZd VmdV H$Vd ~mo`Vo. doXM namVmo Ajam{n A`WmZ dX{V. A`Wm gdd VX{ddmggJmV. ZM H$Vdo {damoYmoApV, g`dm{XYdV H$Vd`m{n Cnnmo. gdWm {ZYH$dogmmZm{YH$a`{damoY... VrV M {Zfo`, Z AVrV Zlw{VVrV, g`dmX` M bm{H$H$m VV gd{ZfoYo VXkmZod^doV. ZM g`dm{XH$ bmoHo$ Zm`od `dhmamdmVH$maUJVod g`d nMo ^mgVB{V dm , V{h H$Vd VWmHw$Vmo Z AJr{H$`Vo?'' (~.gy.dm.^m.1&1&2)

BZ ^m`dMZmoV mYmaUmAm|Ho$ gX | VwV AdVmadmXmdbr ^rgpMXmZX ~Ho$ m{bH$ VWm brbmW n[aJhrV g>ZwJV {d{dY $nm|H$sMMmmam OS>-Ord VWm gmYZ-$bHo$ d$nH$s rmgmH$m AZw>mZ {ZJZmH$n{VH$mo AnZm H$a dm hmoZodmbm JW h, `h n> hmo OmVm h.

AVEd BgHo$ ma^Ho$ VrZ-Mma dmX gpMXmZX ~Ho$ AmZXmed$nm|H$s rmgm| `mo{OV h. nmMd|go bo H$a Zmd| dmXm|| ~Ho$ gXeHo$gmW g~ A`m` {df`m|H$s rmgm H$s J`r h. `hm A~ Xgd| `mahd|~mahd| Ama Voahd| dmXm|| ~Ho$ d {MXe VWm CZHo$ {ZdmhH$ $nm|H$srmgm H$s J`r h. ~mX| MmXhd|go Mm~rgd| dmXm|| gmYZ-$bg~YrnXmWm]H$s rmgm AZw{>V h r h.

AV Bg Wyb m$nHo$ n>rH$aUHo$ ~mX CZ-CZ dmXm|H$s {df`-ge`-nydm}manj-Ho$ gH$bZmW CnbY hmoVr H$m[aH$mAm|H$m ^mdmZwdmX VwV H$aZm{dMm {df`m|Ho$ {dhJmdbmoH$ZmW CnH$maH$ hmoJm :

10.~mUdm{XXodVmdmX :

{df` : g{>$n H$m H$m EH$m {Z{m VWm gdm`r H$maU ~g{>H$mb| {damQ> `m ~mS>y{V hmoZoH$m $n YmaU H$aVm h. V~ CgHo$ wI~mh C Ama MaUm| | A`m` XodVmAm|Ho$ gmdoeH$s Vah ~mU j{` d`VWm ey dUm]H$m gmdoe ^r {Z${nV hdm h. Bgo Z Vmo g{>H$m{bH$dUMVw> Ho$ Cn{mWmZHo$ AW| Ama Z g{>H$m{bH$ dUMVw> Ho$ pW{VWmZHo$AW| hr gmoMm Om gH$Vm h. Bgo Vmo dUMVw>`Ho$ {Z`mH$ Am{YX{dH$ $nm|Ho$~mS>y{V {damQ>| hr AdpWV hmoZoHo$ VmpdH$ {Z$nUmW; VWm CgHo$ dgo`mZmW drH$maZm C{MV hmoJm. BgH$m Am{M` {deof| Bg{b`o ^r h,`m|{H$, doXm{X gH$b em YmZV`m dUMVw>`m{YH$maH$ Ym]Ho$ hr AZw>mZna^ma XoVo h. Y, `m|{H$, Ho$db Am{Y^m{VH$ Xohgo hr g~ {H$gr H$-$b^mdH$m H$moB gZmVZ {Z` Z hmo H$a Am`mpH$ VWm Am{YX{dH$ gZmVZy`m|H$mo ^r AnZm d$n{ZdmhH$ ~ZmVm h. AV Cgo nammHo$ {damQ>d$n| gm{d> H$a {ZhmaZona hmar Y{>H$m g{deof CXmmrH$aU hmoVm h.

ge`-nydnj : bmoH$| Vmo ~mU j{` d` `m ey dU Om{V oXHo$$n| hr drH$mao J o {bVo h Eogr pW{V| BZ dUm]H$m XodVm$n hmoZm H$godrH$m ~Z gH$Vm h?

{gmV : ~mUd Am{X dUm]H$mo OZm {g Om{VAm|Ho$ $n| mZmZht Om gH$Vm. `m|{H$ `pVHo$ {dmZ ahZona ^r Cg|go ~mUd `mj{`d Am{X dU {dbwV hmoVo {Z${nV hdo h. Bgr Vah A` ^r dU H$Q>`m {dbwV ^r hmo gH$Vo hmoZogo BZ dUm]H$mo Om{VHo$ $n| drH$mam Zht OmgH$Vm. dUu `pVHo$ gmW BZ ~mUd Am{X dUm]H$m g~Y ^r, Bh|Om{V mZZona, gJV Zht hmo nmVm. `j> dVw `m `pV | {dmZ$nmH${V Am{X hr dVw `m `pV H$s Om{VH$s OH$ ~ZVr h. Eogm H$moB{Z`V OH$Y dUm}H$m {>JmoMa Zht hmoVm. BZ dUm]H$mo Om{VV`m drH$maZonadUm]Ho$ d$n VWm H$V` Am{XHo$ {Z$nH$ emdMZ ^r AgJV hmo OmVo h.AV VmX XodVmAm|Ho$ eara| Amdoe `m {Zdoe Ho$ $n| hr dUm}H$mo drH$maZmC{MV ~mV hmoJr. `h {Vr`H$Y-gw~mo{YZrHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZogo n> hmoVmh.11.Ord`mnH$dIS>ZdmX :

7 8

{df` : Ordmm d$noU {Z` {Mn VWm AUwn[amU hmoZona ^r^JdmZH$s hr `mmo{hH$m m`mHo$ ^mdde d AnZm d$n OmZ Zht nmVrh. Bg `mmo{hH$m m`mHo$ H$maU nZno {ZO d$nHo$ AkmZgo Nw>Q>H$mam VmonammH$s eaU| OmZodmboH$mo hr {bVm h. ^JdmZH$s eaU| OmZodmbm hrd Ho$ ~me hmoZoH$s Vah dmVpWV nammmam d Ho$ {Z`pV hmoZoHo$V`H$mo OmZ nmVm h.

ge`-nydnj : eara| ahZodmbr OrdmmH$m AUwn[amU hmoZm AZoH$`m`-deo{fH$ gm`-`moJ VHo$ dVH$ {MVH$m|H$mo Am` hmoZogo VWmAUwn[amU hmoZoH$s H$moB n> Cnn{m ^r {XIbm`r XoVr Z hmoZogo, Vm{H$H$m|mamdrH$V AmmHo$ {d wn[amU hmoZoH$s YmaUm hr C{MV bJVr h.

{gmV : AUwn[amU Z hmo Vmo earan[amU hmoZona Vmo AmmH$mo A{Z`mZZm nS>oJm. AWdm gd {dmZ mZZona g^r earam|| CnZ hmoZodmbo H$Ama CZgo O` gwI-XwIm|Ho$ gmW ^r H$V md Ama ^moV md go gnV CgomZZm nS>oJm. AV AmmHo$ `mnH$ hmoZoH$s H$Wm gwgJV Zht bJVr.{ZmH$mbrZ gwIe`ZHo$ aUde VWm lw{VdMZde ^r AmmH$m {Mn EH$~ma {ZpMV hmo OmZona AmmHo$ AUwn[amU hmoZoHo$ ~mao| mpVde Xr OmVrAZwnn{m`m ~hV J^ra Zht bJVr h.

12.Ord{V{~~m{X$nIS>ZdmX : {df` : XoeH$mbd$nHo$ {{dY n[aN>oXgo a{hV gpMXmZX ~|

Ordm|H$mo AUwn[amU nmam{WH$ {MXe mZZoHo$ ~Om`, emH$a doXmVWmZ|,m`m A{dm `m AVH$aU $nr Cnm{YAm|| {V{~p~V AdpN>Z `mH$pnV ~me mZm OmVm h. A` Hw$N> {MVH$ A{d^V An[apN>ZAmH$memon ~$n AmYma| {d^VV`m A{Y{>V n[apN>Z {MXe CgomZVo h. Vrgao Hw$N> XS>{d{e> nwfHo$ hV| AdpWV XS>$n {deofUH$sVah Cgo {MXe mZVo h. n[apN>Z n[amUdmbo OrdHo$ An[apN>Z ~goA`V {^Z hmoZona ^r MoVZ hmoZoHo$ AW| Ama ~Ho$ ge hmoZona ^r

CgH$s VwbZm| Ann[amUdmbo hmoZoHo$ AW| ^r Cgo Ae mZm J`m h. BZVm|H$mo ewmV~dmXH$s {>go CnnZ H$go mZm Om gH$Vm h?

ge`-nydnj : lw{V Ama gy go {d hmoZoHo$ H$maU OrdH$mo Ae$nmZZm C{MV Zht. AVEd ^JdXJrVmHo$ ""d Aemo OrdbmoHo$''(^J.JrVm.15&7) Bg dMZ| ^r OrdHo$ ^JdXe hmoZoH$s ~mV {V{~~$nAe hmoZoHo$ $n| hr `m| Z drH$ma boZr Mm{h o? AWdm An[apN>Z ~go{^Z n[apN>Z n[amU hmoZoHo$ AW| OrdH$mo ~H$m Ae mZ boZm Mm{h o.

{gmV : OrdHo$ d$nHo$ ~mao| o {d{dY YmaUm | Z Ho$db wpV~m{YVh A{nVw lw{VdMZm|Ho$ ^r dma{gH$ A{^m`H$m ^br^m{V AdJmhZ H$aZonadrH$m Zht bJVr h. Eogm hm w lrdb^mMm MaUHo$ dMZm|Ho$ Ame`H$mo^br^m{V XJV H$aZona gPm Om gH$Vm h.

13.lrX^mJdVd$n{df`H$eH$m{ZamgdmX : {df` : lrX mJdV hmnwamU doX-doXmVH$m gma$n VWm g^r nwamUm||

yY` nwamU h. d doX`mgH$mo BgHo$ U`Z H$aZona hr AnZo AH$VmWhmoZoH$m IoX {Zdm hdm Wm. {$a^r BgHo$ A>mXe nwamUHo$ AVJV hmoZo `m ZhmoZo Ho$ ~mao| V oX {XIbm`r XoVm h.

ge`-nydnj : `m|{H$ doXm|H$s emImAm|Ho$ {d^mOZ, hm^maVU`Z,~gym|H$s aMZm VWm A>mah nwamUHo$ {ZmUHo$ ~mdOyX n[aVmof mV ZhmoZona Bgo h{f doX`mgmam H$Q> H$aZoH$s H$Wm d{UV h r hmoZogo Bg^mJdVnwamUH$mo A>mah nwamUm|go ~{h yV mZZm hr C{MV bJVm h. `h H$Wm^r d lrX mJdV| hr h{f doX`mg Ama w{Z ZmaX Ho$ gdmXV`m Jw{$Vh. d nwamUm|| {bVo nwamUbjUHo$ AZw$n Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r Bgo A>mahnwamUm|Ho$ AVJV mZZm wpVgJV Zht bJVm h.

9 10

{gmV : Bg {df`| `h kmV` h {H$ wI nwamUm|H$s A>mah g`mAma CZHo$ bjU Ho$ gmW gdWm AZw$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU Bgo hmnwamU mZZm hrC{MV h. `h hm^wHo$ VdmWXrn{Z~YHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ^br^m{VgP| Am hr gH$Vm h.

14.^pVmJu`monXoem{X{df`H$eH$m{ZamgdmX : {df` : ^JdmZH$s gpQ>brbm| gmgm[aH$ ~YZm|go {dwpV nmZoH$mo g^r

Xdr Ord A{YH$mar hmoVo h. CZH$m Cma CZHo$ A{YH$maHo$ AZwgma eaUmJ{V`m AmgnU$nm ^pV Am{X mJm]Ho$ mam hmoVm h. `h VmmJmZwHy$bAmmomaHo$ Cnm`m|H$m CnXoe XmZ H$aZodmbo AmMm Ho$ mam gnZ hmoVm h.

ge`-nydnj : `h Vmo R>rH$ h naVw n{m `m ^pV Am{X mJm]mamCma Omo Xdr Ord {O Zht hmoVo CZH$m hr hmoVm h. `m|{H$ Jm`rXrjmHo$gH$mamam gH$V {Om|H$m Cma Vmo lmV-mV gmYZmAm|mam hmoZm hrCnnZ bJVm h. AVEd doXmVm Jm`rHo$ CnmgH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU {OOmVr`Vmo g^r emV hr hmoVo h, ZVmo ed Ama Z dUd hr. BgHo$ AZwH$nV`mdoX~mh OZm|Ho$ {b o VmpH$s lrdUdr XrjmH$m ^r {dYmZ {bVm hmoZogo dh^r mZr Om gH$Vr h. H$W{n eaUmJ{V `m AmgnU$nm ^pV H$s H$WmVmo CnnZ Zht hmoVr.

{gmV : `hm {dMmaUr` h {H$ g^r {Om|Ho$ gmm`$noU emV hmoZoH$m{Z` `m Ode drH$maZm AWdm gH$mamam {H$gr A{Ve`Ho$ AmYmZde?`{X OZm drH$maVo h Vmo {H$gr {OHo$ boN>YH$mo AnZm boZona ^r CgH$memV hmoZm {Zdm Zht hmo nm oJm. `{X boN>Y AnZm boZona ^r emVhmoZoH$m $n {Zdm Z hmoVm hmo Vmo Cgo boN>Ygo gH$sU Y drH$maZm nS>oJm.AV {Zdm hmoZm drH$maVo h Vmo dUdr Xrjmmam ^r Cgo {Zdm hmoVm mZZo|H$moB Amn{m hmoZr Zht Mm{h o. AV eaUmJ{V VWm AmgnU$n ~g~YH$s XrjmAm|H$mo dUdVm XmZ H$aZodmbr XrjmAm|Ho$ $n| drH$ma boZmMm{h o. `hm Hw$N> bmoJ Eogr eH$m H$aVo h : Xoh Am{XH$m ~g~Y H$amZm`m Xohm{X| ~H$m A`mg {ZmU H$aZm h AWdm ~| Xohm{XH$m A`mg

H$aZm? Jm`-KmoS>m-` Am{X {H$grH$mo g{nV H$a XoZoHo$ ~mX CZ| Ch| OgoAnZm Zht mZm OmVm dgo Xohm{XH$mo ~H$mo g{nV H$a XoZona `m Xohm{X|CZHo$ AnZo hmoZoH$s ~w{ {Zdm hmo OmVr h `m Zht? `{X {Zdm Z hmoVr hmo VmognU hdm Zht mZm Om gH$Vm Ama {Zdm hmoZoH$s ~mV Vmo `jgo {dbJVr h. AV bmoH$| Xohm{XHo$ AnZo hmoZoH$s AZw y{VHo$ gmW Vmbob ZaIZoHo$ H$maU `h gnU e` Zht bJVm. Xohm{X| ddHo$ {dZmeH$s ~mVgmoMZona Vmo ~H$mo AnU H$a XoZona Om{VZme ^r mZZm nS>oJm. Eogr gmareH$m | {gmVHo$ ah`Ho$ AkmZde C^aVr hmoZogo dVwV Vmo VwN> hr h.`m|{H$ ~H$mo {H$ o OmVo Xohm{XHo$ gnUHo$ ~mX Amhm ~w{mam Eogm ZZAmd`H$ hmoVm h {H$ o g^r Hw$N> ~Ho$ h.

BgHo$ Abmdm BZ XmoZm| m|H$m H$mad{OV hmoZm, Ong`mH$m {Z`VZ hmoZm, OnHo$ AVo hmomon`moJr `H$m CboI Z {bZm, XrjmXmZmW{d{hV mg-nj-{V{WH$m AZwboI, BZ moH$s XrjmHo$ hoVw mo` A{YH$m[aVmHo$bjUH$m A^md, g^rH$mo EH$ hr H$m CnXoe {Z{f hmoZogo {gmVdnar`Am{X AZoH$ AZwnn{m`m, BZ m|Ho$ ^pVmJu` hmoZoHo$ V`go gm{hV hmoOmVr h. {$a^r dN>XVmHo$ {ZdmaUmW Hw$N> {Z` Vmo mZo hr J o h.ybmMm Ho$ mhm`de d JwH$s `mo`VmH$m ^r Z gmXm{`H$ `dWm|~hmoV J^ra Zht mZm J`m h. gXm` Ama AmJ Vmo AZoH$ hmoVo hmoZoHo$H$maU gmYZm{^mZ`mJmpH$m eaUmJ{V VWm AmgnUmpH$m ^pV H$sBZ XrjmAm|| H$moB XyfU gmoMm Zht Om gH$Vm.

15.^Jd{VH${VnyOZdmX : {df` : Xodm{YXod na~ namm ^JdmZ lrH$U hr g{>| gd$n

YmaU H$a H$Q> hdo h; AV CZHo$, gdmVdVu hmoZona ^r Jw VWm {VmAm{X $nm|| ^Vm|Ho$ {b o ^pV^mdde do {deof nyOZr` hmoVo hr h.

ge`-nydnj : `hm ge` `h hmoVm h {H$ ~g> dVwm| ~Ho$Xmofa{hV gdg hmoZoH$m {gmV `{X mZm Om` Vmo {H$gr Wb{deofna CgoA{YH$ nyOZr` mZZm A` Cgr ~H$s AdkmH$s Zmod{mH$mo ~T>mdm XoZoH$m

11 12

H$maU ~ZoJm. Eogr Zmod{mH$s em| {ZXm ^r H$s J`r hmoZogo WmZ{deofna~H$mo A{YH$ nyOZr` ~ZmZodmbr pVH$mo ~T>mdm XoZoHo$ ~Om` gd Vw`V`mCgo {ZhmaVo hdo nyOZ H$aZm hr C{MV hmoZm Mm{h o.

{gmV : ~monmXmZH$ g^r Zm-$n-H$m]Ho$ ^rVa ~H$s {ZXm}fgdgVm m` hmoZona ^r BZ {d{dZ Zm-$n-H$m]H$s {d{^ZVmH$m {dMmaH$aZona Jw `m {Vm Am{X| {deof nyOZr`VmHo$ Zmo mdde gd gmZV`mnyOmH$m AZw>mZ C{MV Zht hmo gH$Vm. `h WmZ{deof| {deofmXa- wVnyOmar{V, lrX mJdVHo$ EH$mXeH$Y VWm VdmWXrn{Z~YHo$ gd{ZUH$aU | r gyV`m Cn{X> JyT> ah`Ho$ J^ra AdbmoH$Z H$aZona gw{deXV`mAdJV hmo nmVr h.

16.D$dnwS>YmaUdmX : {df` : V{mar`mon{ZfX| BZ {d{dY Zm-$n-H$m]Ho$ A{^Z{Z{mmonmXmZ

VWm mH$Q>H$Vm ~H$mo "ag'$n Xagm`m J`m h. AV Cg ~H$sagmH$VmH$s A{^`pV ^r AZoH$Ym hmoVr h {$a^r na~ namm^JdmZ lrH$UH$mo Amb~Z {d^md ~Zm H$a O~ {H$grHo$ X`| ^pV^mdagmH$V`m Wm`r ^md ~Z OmVm h Vmo Am{Y^m{VH$ `m Am{YX{dH$ A`m`Zm-$n-H$m]| H$Q> hmoVo ag^md lrH$UgodZ{ZaV ^VH$mo bw mdZo ZhtbJVo AV Eogo V lrH$UHo$ godZmW Omo r D$dnwS>{VbH$ m VwbgrmbmAm{XHo$ {Z` hmoVo h Ch| Cgr ag^mdH$s V`VmHo$ gmW {Z^mVo h. {$a^rA`m|H$mo `h D$dnwS> {VbH$m{X {MZm|Ho$ YmaUH$s ~mV OMVr Zht h.

ge`-nydnj : AV {dMmaUr` hmo OmVm h {H$ AWderfm}n{ZfX Ed~hOm~mbmon{ZfX Ho$ dm`m|Ho$ AmYmana na~H$s dmV{dH$ AZw y{V ^mam {nwS> YmaU {H$ o {~Zm hmo Zht gH$Vr. AV `m {nwS> AWdm ^YmaU H$aZm ~{dmH$m A{Zdm AJ hr hmoVm h?

{gmV : AZoH${dY brbm VWm AZoH${dY Ordm|Ho$ pV^mdm|H$mo AZoH${dYAm`mpH$ Ed Am{YX{dH$ Cnm`m|mam n[aVw> H$aZoH$mo ~Zo AZoH${dY

Am{YX{dH$ d$n VWm Am`mpH$ em Ed gmYZmUmbr `m ^pV^mdH$Q> {H$ o h. BZ| EH$ d$n, EH$ em, EH$ H$moB {deof gmYZmUmbr;AWdm EH$ H$maHo$ ^pV^mdHo$ T>rH$aUmW H$s OmVr egm `m AnaAm{YX{dH$ d$n V{VnmXH$ em `m CgH$s AZw^y{V `m mpV H$sgmYZmUmbr `m ^pV^md Ho$ AamoMH$ hmoZoH$s H$Wmgo AWdm CZH$s {ZXmHo$dMZgo YraO Zht Imo XoZr Mm{h o. `m|{H$ CnmgZmAm|Ho$ AZoH$ oXHo$ AZwgmaed `m dUd Am{X oX Vmo Cg EH$od A{Vr` na~Ho$ AZoH${dYV`mH$Q> hmoZoHo$ mU$n hmoVo h. AV Ogo AWderfm}n{ZfX Ed ~hOm~mbmon{ZfXHo$ dm`m|Ho$ AmYmana edm|H$mo {nwS> YmaU H$aZm C{MV hmoVm h. dgo hrdmgwXodmon{ZfX Ed JmonmbVmnZr`mon{ZfX H$s Vah A`m` {VnwamUm|Ho$dMZm|Ho$ ^r AmYmana lrH$U^Vm|H$mo D$dnwS> {VbH$ hr YmaU H$aZm C{MVhmoVm h. Bgr Vah VmV emm|| {Vnm{XV VmX Xodm|H$s AmamYZm| VmVH$maHo$ {VbH$ bbmQ> Am{X AJm|na YmaU H$aZoH$m AmJh Z Ho$db {ZXm}fA{nVw gdWm C{MV hr hmoVm h. AV yybHo$ ~rM AY dVwbmH${Vgo ~Yo XmoXS>mH$mam|dmbm {VbH$ h dUdm|Ho$ {b o lw{V {V VWm wpV Ho$ AmYmana^rC{MVVa hr hmoVm h.

17.VwbgrmbmYmaUdmX : {df` : dUdYHo$ AmXeHo$ AZwgma ^Jdnam`U dUdm|Ho$ H$R>|

VwbgrH$m>H$s mbm VWm wI| ^JdZm gXm ahZm CZH$m gMm Am yfUh.

ge`-nydnj : Bg dUd yfmHo$ ~mao| h gXoh hmoVm h {H$ VwbgrH$m>H$smbmH$s Eogr A{Zdm Vm {ZaWH$ bJVr h

{gmV : `h ^JdXr` dUdm|Ho$ {b o ^JdmnH$ ~mh {MZ h{OgH$s Cn`mo{JVm Ama Amd`H$Vm nwamU Am{X dUd emm|| {Vnm{XV h.`m| YemHo$ ZmZm {Z~Ym| VWm dUdm|Ho$ gXmMma Ho$ AmYmana r VwbgrH$m>H$smbmH$m YmaU Amd`H$ hr hmoVm h.18.eIMH$YmaUdmX :

13 14

{df` : lrH$UH$m ^pV^mdnydH$ AMZ H$aZodmboHo$ {b o AMZmJV`mJmonrMXZH$s {mH$mgo eI MH$ JXm n Ama ^JdZmm|H$m YmaU dUd-{Om|Ho$ {b o Amd`H$ hmoVm h.

ge`-nydnj : `hm H$B bmoJ Eogr AmeH$m H$aVo h {H$ Bg Vah{dUwHo$ Am wYm|go AnZo-AmnH$mo A{H$V H$aZm, Z`JrV Am{X H$aZm A{Om|Ho${b o Vmo Y hmo gH$Vm h na ~mUm|Ho$ {b o Zht.

{gmV : Bg {df`| kmV` h {H$ ^JdXMZmHo$ AJV`m {Z`{d{hVhmoZogo VWm ^JdXMZmHo$ {Z`H$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r Bgo `kmondrVH$s Vah{Z`YmaUr` mZZm Mm{h o. Bg ~mao| emH|$ Omo {ZXmdMZ {XIbm o OmVoh do `m Vmo AMZmHo$ AJV`m YmaU Z H$a Omo Ho$db wIH$s emo md{Ho$`moOZgo YmaU H$aVo h CZHo$ ~mao| h; AWdm, Omo dUd Z hm| EogoA{YH$m[aAm|H$mo Co` ~Zm H$a ^r Hw$N> {ZXmdMZ `m {ZfoYdMZ dm hdoh.

19.^pVagddmX : {df` : lrX mJdV hmnwamU| YmZV`m {Vnm ^pVagH$m bjU

"mhm`kmZnydH$ gwT> gdVmo{YH$ Zoh'' ZmaXnMam| CnbY hmoVm h.AV Bg Eogo bjUHo$ AZw$n hr CgH$m Wm`r ^md ^r drH$maZm Mm{h o.gpMXmZXd$n EH$od A{Vr` na~Ho$ mhm`H$mo ^br^m{V OmZ H$a,CgHo$ gXe$n gJ ~mS>| hr Ho$db Zht A{nVw ~mS>dVu oH${MXe$n OrdmmHo$ ^rVa ^r, Omo Cgo namdoZ AdpWV OmZ `m mZnmVm h, CgHo$ ^rVa ^pV H$Q> hmo nmVr h. Eogr Ae$n OrdmmHo$ ^rVaAerHo$ mhm`kmZHo$ H$maU nammH$s AgmYmaUJwU$nm Ama{V hr^JdX pVH$m $n YmaU H$a boZona ag$nm ^r ~Z OmVr h.

ge`-nydnj : ^pVH$s Bg ag$nVmH$mo Hw$N> bmoJ drH$maZm ZhtMmhVo. `m|{H$ ZmQ>em Ed agem | H$ht ^r ^pVH$m ag$nV`m{VnmXZ CnbY Zht hmoVm. AVEd H$moB ^pVH$mo ag$nm drH$maVm ^r hmo

Vmo ^r dh CnnZ Zht hmoVm. `m|{H$ dgr H$moB n> AZw y{V hr e` ZhtbJVr h. `{X ^pVHo$ ag$n hmoZoH$s AZw y{V {H$grH$mo hmoVr ^r hmo Vmo CgH$magem| AJrH$V ag `m ^mdm| Ho$ ^rVa AV^md drH$ma boZm Mm{h o.AV H$W{n ^pVH$mo dV agV`m m` H$aZm C{MV Zht bJVm.

{gmV : bm{H$H$ agm|Ho$ ZmQ>Z `m AmdmXZ Ho$ gr{V `moOZdmboZmQ>em `m agem | ^pVH$mo ag$n Z ^r mZm J`m hmo VmdVm ^pVH$sAbm{H$H$ ag$nVm| H$moB AVa Zht nS>Vm. `m|{H$ Cn{ZfXm|| agHo$ yb yVnXmW Zoh `m a{V H$mo nammH$m AgmYmaUJwU mZm J`m h. dh bm{H$H${`V/{`Vm Ama o{H$m/or $nr Amb~Z{d^mdm|Ho$ ~rM OgoCrnZ{d^md gMm[a^md `m AZw md Am{X agm{^ OH$ gmJr mam H$Q>hmoVm hmoZogo A{^Z`mh ^r hmoVm h, dgo hr Ordmm-nammHo$ ~rM ^r e`hmoZogo agmH$Q>H$m[aUr gmJr mam H$Q> VWm A{^Z`mh ^r hmo gH$Vm h.`h Abm{H$H$ {df`H$ hmoZona ^r bmoH$| {g hmoZogo VWm dgr AZw y{VHo$ ^rbmoH$| {g hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^pVH$s Abm{H$H$ ag$nVm {g hmo OmVr h.AV ZmQ>emmoV bm{H$H$ AmR> agm|go A{V[aV Abm{H$H$ agV`m pVag^r AZw y{VHo$ ~bna hr {g hmo OmVm h.

20.^ wH$fdmX : {df` : Eogo ^pVagHo$ nmZH$s nhm Vmo wV OrdmmAm|Ho$ ^rVa ^r

ahVr h. `h ^pV^md; {H$Vw, mV hmoVm h ^JdmZH$s A{Ve` H$nmHo${H$gr {dabo nmH$mo hr. `m|{H$ `h ^pV Vmo d ~Ho$ d$nmZXH$m hrEH$ {dbjU brbmagmH$ Y h.

ge`nydnj : `h YmaUm CnnZ Zht hmo nmVr; `m|{H$ wpV| Vmo gmarH$mZm`| {Zeof {Zdm[aV hmo OmVr h. A~ "AZwJh' {H$go H$hZm `h^rgwn[a^m{fV Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU A{Ve` AZwJhde ^pVHo$ H$Q> hmoZoH$s ~mV ^r{ddmXmnX bJVr h. AV ^pVH$mo EH$ H$maH$s Zmod{m mZZm hr A{YH$gwgJV ~mV hmoJr ~Om` {H$ ~mZXH$m Y `m ag$n mZZoHo$.

{gmV : ~hXma`H$mon{ZfX| `h {Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h {H$ OJVHo${H$gr ^r nXmW| d CgHo$ ^rVa {` hmoZoH$m H$moB {Zanoj JwUY Zht hmoVm.AmZXd$n nammHo$ gdm}nmXmZ VWm gdmVdVu hmoZoHo$ H$maU CgH$s hr

15 16

{`Vm {ZpIb OmJ{VH$ {df`m|| jwmem|| AZw yV hmo H$a CZ| {`VmH$mAm^mg H$Q> H$aVr h. Eogr pW{V| d na~ namm ^JdmZ hmoZoHo$AZmnm{YH$ mhm`kmZHo$ H$maU {H$grH$mo lrH$U| gwT> gdVmo{YH$m a{VH$Q> hmo Vmo AWmn{mHo$ ~bna Cgo ^r ~YV`m drH$maZm hr nS>oJm. `hVmo ~gyHo$ dm`md`m{YH$aUHo$ AmYmana {g hmoVm hr h. lrX mJdV^r Bg {df`| namU h. hm H$hm J`m h {H$ km{X H$, Amm m ~Am{X naVdm|Ho$ emr` kmZ, {`mmohO` {` bJVo OmJ{VH$ `mnmabm{H$H$ {df`m|| dam`; AWdm XmZ dV Vn Am{X {H$gr ^r em{d{hVgmYZH$s Anojm aIo {~Zm ^JdX pV ^JdXZw y{VHo$ XmZhoVw gW hmoVr h.^JdX ^pVH$m `h AgmYmaU CH$f lrX ^mJdVna hm^ wlrdb^mMm MaUH$V gw~mo{YZr `m`mHo$ AmYmana Vmo ghO hr gPm OmgH$Vm h.

21.Zm$bm{XH$madmX : {df` : ^JdmZHo$ {d{dY Zm `WmdX AdJV hmoZona hr w` $bH$m

XmZ H$aVo h. A`Wm AV Eogm "lrH$U' Zm gXm ^pVHo$ gmW boVm ahZmMm{h`o.

ge`nydnj : `hm `h AmeH$m hmoVr h {H$ Bg Vah ^JdZmm|Ho$ ~mao|`WmdX OmZ H$a ^pV^mdgo JhU H$aZoH$m AmJh `m AZmd`H$ Zht?`m|{H$ BZ ^JdZmHo$ AW Vmo dV Zmm|Ho$ H$maU hr AdJV hmo Om |Jo {$akmZ-^pVH$s Amd`H$Vm Zmm|Ho$ JhU| drH$maZr Zht Mm{h o.

{gmV : ^JdmZH$mo ^pV^mdHo$ {~Zm ^br^m{V OmZm Zht Om gH$Vm.AV gmm`V`m nmn{ZdmaH$ ^JdZm ^r ^pV^mdHo$ gmW {b o Om | V^r^JdkmZ `m ^JdgmX mV H$aZo $bX Cnm` ~Z nmVo h. AV gdWVmo ^JdZmHo$ mhm`H$mo ^br^m{V OmZ H$a, ~mX| CZHo$ mam^Jdmhm`H$mo OmZ boZona X`| H$Q> hmoVo ^JdZohHo$ ^pVV`m H$Q>hmoZona hr ^JdZm ^Vm|Ho$ ^JdX md^[aV ZmoaWm|H$mo nyU H$aZodmbo ~ZVoh. `h ^JdZmmam {bVo $b Ama CgHo$ dmV{dH$ A{YH$mar H$m ah`

lr^mJdVgw~mo{YZr {dS>Z VWm VdmWXrn {Z~YHo$ ^br^m{V AdJmhZH$aZona gPm Om gH$Vm h.

22."O`-lrH$Umo'MmaUdmX : {df` : hm w lrdb^mMm Ho$ mJ| eaUmJV hmo H$a AnZo ^mbna

D$dnwS> {VbH$ Ed wm YmaU H$aZodmbo, H$R>| VwbgrH$m>mbm YmaUH$aZodmboH$mo AnZo wI| "O`-lrH$U' dMZ g^r {ZOmJmZwJmrHo$ {Vnam{^dmXZV`m gXm ~mobZm Mm{h o. `m|{H$ AnZo gXm`| Vmo A{^dmXZH$mgdgmm` H$ma `hr h.

ge`nydnj : dUdm|Ho$ A` ^r gXm` h Ama CZ| Eogm AmJh XoImZht OmVm. Bg H$maUgo VWm dUmlmMmaHo$ AZwgma r, g^r dUm}Ho$ Ama g^rAmlm|Ho$ ~rM, gmZ `dhmaH$s ${T> Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r, `h Wm Z Ho$db`W A{nVw AZw{MV ^r bJVr h.

{gmV : h Vmo JdX Vm|Ho$ nana `dhmaH$m {Z` h Ama mJdVm{XnwamUm|Ho$ AmYmana {g ^r hmoVm h. AV AnZo ^JdX V hmoZoHo$ Zmo mdH$sVwbZm| Xohm{^mZybH$ dUmlm{^mZ {OZ| ~b hmo Ch| "O`-lrH$U'A{^dmXZHo$ mam IoX Zht nhMmZm Mm{h o. {$a^r ^JdX Vm|Ho$ ~rM VmoA{^dmXZH$s `hr ar{V C{MV hmoVr h. `m|{H$ nana lrH$UHo$ O`H$sew H$mZmgo ~T> H$a Ama A{YH$ gmZ nman[aH$ hmo hr `m gH$Vm h?{$a^r AnZr Bg ${T>na {Oh| H$moY AmVm hmo Ch| Vmo ZH$ma ^r Z H$aZmhr C{MV h.

23.dd{mdmX : {df` : AnZo-AnZo Ka| d H$s Omo ^r AmOr{dH$m hmo Ama CgHo$ mam

Omo ` Cnm{OV hmoVm hmo Cggo nw{>mJu` ^VH$mo lrH$UHo$ d$nH$sVZw{dmOm godm gXm H$aZr Mm{h o. AVEd Omo Bg gXm`| JwnXna AmgrZhm| Ch| AnZo {e`m|mam Yar OmVr {ZO AmOr{dH$m$n Jw oQ>mam hr Jdgodm

17 18

H$aZr Mm{h o. `m|{H$ {gmVm{^V `hr CZH$s AmOr{dH$m drH$mar J`r h.A` Zhr.

ge`nydnj : `h {Z` {H$VZm C{MV h, `h {dMmaUr` hmo OmVm h.`m|{H$ {e`m|mam Yar OmVr Jw^oQ>|, XmZHo$ {b`o Amd`H$ mZr J`r,gH$n Am{XH$s {d{YH$m nmbZ {H$`m Zht OmVm. AV Bg Vah na`drH$maZo| ~rO `m mU {bZm H${R>Z bJVm hmoZogo oQ> YaZodmboH$s H${V{Z$b bJVr h Ama drH$maZodmboH$s H${V YmZwmo{XV Zht bJVr.

{gmV : emm|| {Vnm{XV AZoH$ H$maH$s AmOr{dH$mAm|Ho$ AVJV~mUdUHo$ {b o JwdH$s d{m ^r lw{V {V Ama gXmMma Ho$ AmYmanam` h hr. Bg JwdH$s d{m| ^r `{X A`m{MV ` {bVm hmo Vmo dh{ZXm}f "AVm' d{m H$hr OmVr h. AV AnZo mJ| gXwnXoe H$aZodmboJwnXmgrZ `pVH$mo AnZo mJHo$ AZwJm{Am|mam {~Zm mJo Jw~wm OmoMaU |Q> {bVr hmo `m Eogo g{MV h r hmo Cggo AnZm {Zdmh MbmZm hr C{MVar{V h (AWmn`m AnZo AmamYZr` ^JdX{dJh `m ^JdgodmH$Wm Ho$ ZmnaXodbH$d{m Vmo gdWm d{OV hr {g hmoVr h).

24.dm{XgodmdmX : {df` : AnZo nw{>^pVmJ| $b$n Vmo ^JdmZH$mo hr mZm OmVm h.

AnZo gmX$n dm{X AZoH$ dVwAm|H$s AmamYZmmam ^r do ^JdmZ AnZr^pVm`Vm H$nm `m gZVm H$m AZw md H$Q> H$a gH$Vo h.

ge`nydnj : ^JdnyOZmJV`m ^JdmZH$m o g{nV hmo OmZona^JdX{dJhnago CmrU dm| Am{XHo$ nyOZ Am{XH$s ar{V `m {d{Y emm||H$ht {XIbm`r Zht XoVr h. wV ^JdgmX$n ^JdnyOmon wV nXmWm]H$mCn^moJ Vmo ^JdgodH$ `m ^JdX Vm| Ho$ hoVw `^mdde AJrH$aUr` mZmJ`m h. AV dgodmH$s ~mV ~oVwH$s bJVr h.

{gmV : ^JdXwnMmam|Ho$ ^JdX{dJhmW nyOZmVJV ^JdXwn^moJ hmoOmZona ^JdX `m|Ho$ {b o Ogo do Cn^moJmh hmoVo h, dgo hr {H$gr {deof^JdX VH$mo CZ ^JdXwn wV dm{XH$s AmamYZm H$aZr hmo Vmo, Cg| ^rH$moB Xmofmdh ~mV mZr Zht J`r h. AV Bg Vah ^JXwn wV d Am{XH$sgodm H$aZodmboH$mo ^pVmJu` w`$bH$s AZw y{V| {H$gr VahH$m AVam`Zht mZm Om gH$Vm h.

25.Wn[a{e> y{VnyOZdmX : {df` : nmfmU-YmVw-H$m>m{X y{VAm|Ho$ $n| gdm}nmXmZV`m

gdZm$nH$YmaH$ Eogo gdmH$ na~ namm ^JdmZH$m nyOZ-AmamYZ`m Cm hmoVm h `m gdg AWdm AY? `hr `hm {Okm` AWdm rm`h.

ge`nydnj : nwamUm|| AZoH$ Wbm|na Bgo AYH$jmHo$ A{YH$marHo${b o C{MV mZm J`m hmoZogo ^JdXmamYZmW {H$gr nXmW{deofH$m Adb~Z`mo` Zht bJVm.

{gmV : ^JdmZHo$ CpbpIV mhm`H$mo ^br^m{V OmZZodmbm kmZr^V O~ {H$gr y{V{deofH$m AnZr ^pV`r AmamYZmHo$ hoVw daU H$aVm h,V~ Cgo AkmZrHo$ ~mao| H$ho J o Xmofm|H$m AnamYr mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. AVy{VnyOZ gdWm Xmofa{hV hr hmoVm h, `{X emmoV ^Jdmhm`kmZHo$ gmW

^pV^mdnydH$ H$moB ^JdXmamYZ H$aZm MmhVm hmo Vmo.

26.{Vr`n[a{e> ^mJdVnmR>Zm{YH$madmX : {df` : lrX mJdV nwamU, ^JdmZHo$ {X` AdVmam| Ama d AdVmar

$nm|H$s {X` brbmHo$ ldU H$sVZ aU Ho$ `moOZde H$Q> hdm ^pVemhmoZoHo$ gmW-gmW, ~gym|H$m {ZH$> A{^m` VWm lrX^JdXJrVmH$mgma hmoZogo Bgo ~{dm$n ^r mZm J`m h. AV AZwnZrV `pVAm|mamCnXoemW BgH$m Cn`moJ| emmkmH$m CbKZ hmoVm hmoZogo AZwnZrVm|H$mo

19 20

~{dmonXoea{hV AeHo$ hr nR>Z H$sVZ aU H$aZoH$m A{YH$ma mZm J`mh. nmR>Z-dMZH$m A{YH$ma emm` Zht h.

yb| `h dV dmXJW Z hmo H$a ~gym|Ho$ g~ A{YH$aUHo$AUw^m`H$s H$me `m`mH$m ybJWHo$ VrH$m|go a{hV Ae h, {OgodV nWH$ JWH$boda| d JWH$VmZo H$Q> {H$`m {H$ {H$gr nadVu{dmZZo `h gwn> Zht hmoVm. {$a^r JWH$VmHo$ ZmHo$ gmW CnbY hmoVrmVH$m|| "AUw m`H$me' `m`mHo$ AeV`m BgH$m CboI Z {H$`m J`mhmoZoHo$ H$maU `hm n[a{e>V`m `moOZ H$aZm C{MV bJVm h.

Bg Vah gjon| lrnwfmomMaUH$V dmXm|H$m ^mdmZwdmX XoI boZoHo$ ~mXA~ `h n>rH$aU ^r Amd`H$ h {H$ BZ| EH$mX AndmXH$mo N>moS> H$a m`g^r dmX WmoS>o-~hV nmR> oXm|Ho$ hoao$aHo$ gmW; Ama Hw$N> Vmo d JWH$maHo${ZOhVmjam|| {bpIV r, CnbY hdo hmoZogo dmXm|H$s H$g`m VWm {ZpMVnmR>Ho$ {ZYmaU| hmam AVrd CnH$ma hdm h. Ogm h OmZVo hr h {H$JWH$ma boIZHo$ ~mX ^r AnZo boIZna {ZaVa MMm-ZZ H$aVo ahVo Wo,AVEd H$B gmao gemoYZ-n[adYZ d H$aVo hr ahVo Wo. Bgo `hm BXWV`mH$m{eV hmo aho Ord`mnH$dIS>ZdmX H$s {ZOhVmjambopIV mVH$m|d JWH$mamam `mo{OV ""MVwXenmZH$nwQ>r`f>nVm emoYn`'' Bgnmd{Q>nUrmam ^r m{UV hmoVm XoIm Om gH$Vm h. AVEd JWH$ma ~hYm{ZOboIZH$s Hw$N> {V{b{n {dOZgwXm` VWm A oV{e`gwXm` Ho$ ~rM{dV[aV H$aVo Wo. ~mX| CnWm{nV {H$gr ^r eH$mH$m n>rH$aU CboIZr`VrV hmoZona AnZr {V| Cgo nmd{Q>nUrHo$ $n| gemo{YV `m n[ad{YVH$aVo ahVo Wo. BgHo$ H$maU {ZOVmjambopIV {V`m|| ^r m` H$B ~manmR>ôX H$Q> hmo OmZm EH$ dm^m{dH$ n[aU{V Wr. ~hYm BZ dmonknmd{Q>n{U`m|Ho$ Abmdm nmR>H$monk {Q>n{U`m VXwmadVu AZw{b{nH$mamamybJW| ybH$maH$V {Q>nUrH$s ^mdZmHo$ de `mo{OV H$s h`r XoIr OmgH$Vr h. Bh| N>mQ>Zm dmV{dH$ nmR>{ZYmaU| EH$ ~S>r H${R>ZmB IS>r H$aVmh. {$a^r BZ Xw{dYmAm|H$m {ZO{V~bH$s grm|, {OVZm gmYmZ g^d WmCVZm, gmdYmZrHo$ gmW H$aZoH$m `mg {H$`m h.

BgHo$ Abmdm BZ dmXm | | d` JWH$maZ o dmXm |H o $ CnH$|{Vnm{df`{ZX}emH$ JbmMaU, Cg| CâVo nydm}manj VWm JWmV|{df`monghma H$mo H$m[aH$mAm|| {Z~ H$aZm Mmhm Wm. Bg {df`|, naVw,{H$gr H$maUde EH$$nVmH$m {Zdmh hmo Zht nm`m. AV JWgnmXZHo$ g`CZ| EH$$nVm| bmZoHo$ `mgHo$ `moOZde `Wmnojm ZyVZ H$m[aH$m | `mo{OVH$s J`r h. ybH$maUrV H$m[aH$mAm|go, {H$Vw, nWH$ XagmZoHo$ hoVw H$mo>H$|BZH$m g moOZ {H$`m J`m h.

Ohm VH$ gnmXZ{d{YH$m Z h Vmo WmZaZmH$aJWgo {Og gnmXar{VH$moAnZm`m J`m, Cgo `hm ^r âgH$ {Z^mZoH$m `mg {H$`m hr J`m h.AZwN>oX{d^mOZ {Vnm{df`H$s dma{gH$ EH$dm`VmHo$ AmYmanaerfH$mon`mgHo$ gmW {H$`m J`m h. ò erfH$ Hw$N> grmVH$ {H$gr ^r`m`mHo$ Ammonm` AJ AdVa{UH$m VWm {ZH$f H$s {OkmgmH$s ny{V H$anm | BgH$s gmdYmZr ~aVr J`r h.

eH$m-gmYmZm|H$mo gwn> Ad`Ho$ moVZmW ""ZM*... * B{V dm ,`mV'' AWdm ""*ZZw... *B{V MoV Z, `mV'' Eogo AmH$ma| Xagm`m J`mh.

mUdMZm|Ho$ CaUm||, {OZHo$ AmH$aWb| {bo Ch| Vmo, CXmhaUV`m""gd Ibw BX ~'' (N>mXmo.Cn.3&14&1) Bg Vah A`Wm [aVH$mo>H$ (. & & ) Ho$ `mgmam Xagm`m J`m h.

EH$ Vmo Ord`mnH$dIS>ZdmX VWm Xygam dgodmdmX Ama Vrgao^mJdVd$n{df`H$eH$m{ZamgdmX Ho$ AndmXm|H$mo N>moS> H$a, Bg IS>|H$m`mZ Ad{e> g^r dmX hmao {nVmh Jmodmr lrJmoHw$bZmWOrHo$AmWmZnpS>V VWm {nVMaUHo$ {dmJw Xod{f lramZmW emrmam gnm{XV"dmXmdbr' ZmH$ JW| gH${bV Wo. o g^r H$m{eV dmX gZ nMmgHo$

21 22

CmamY VWm gmR>Ho$ Ama^| {nVMaUZo nmVmbmnZ{d{Ymam wPo nT>m o ^rWo. V^rgo Bh| ^br^m{V gnm{XV H$aZoH$m ZmoaW ~b Wm gmo A~ nyU hmoZoOm ahm h yb| o dmX JWH$mamam "AdVmadmXmdbr'Ho$ AVJV UrV h.`hm "AdVma' {deofU 24 g`mH$m dmMH$ h. BZ Mm~rg dmXm|ogo ma^Ho$Xmo hVdmX Ama npS>VH$a{^pXnmbdmX na Vmo JWH$maZo {ZO{e` VWmVwV gnmXH$Ho$ nydO Jmodmr lr{d>bam`OrH$s A``ZerbVm Ama {OkmgwVmna gZ hmo H$a dmonk `m`m ^r {bIr Wr. Ad{e> g^r 22 dmXm|H$mo^r Bgr Vah `m`mgo pS>V H$aZoH$s AnZr Vrd A{^bmfmHo$ ~mdOyXgm Ama g` H$s AnVmHo$ de `m`m {bIr Zht Om gH$s. {$a^r{Vr` IS>H$s Vah Bg VVr` IS>| ^r Ho$db 4 dmXm|na hr AnZo gr{V~w{gm Ho$ AZw$n `m`mboIZ e` hmo nm`m. Ohm VH$ dgodmdmX H$mZ h Vmo CgH$m EH$ hr n gmo ^r OrU Ed w{Q>V hr {bm. dgo CgHo$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona `h dmX Bggo A{YH$ {bIm J`m hmo Eogr Vr{V ^r hmoVrVmo Zht h. Cgo, {$a^r Wm{V, nyU H$aZoH$m `mg {H$`m h. BZ `m`mAm|Ho$Am{M`mZm{M`H$m {de Vmo {dOZm|Ho$ {ZU na N>moS> XoZm hr C{MV hmoJm.BZ| A{YH$me dmX gZ 85| h[ama VWm frHo$e | VrWdmgH$s EH$ mgH$sAd{Y| Zo gnm{XV {H$ o Wo. A`m` H$maUm|Ho$ de, naVw, CgHo$ wU-H$meZ| `dYmZ AmVo hr aho.

A~ H$m{eV hmoZo Om aho BZ g^r dmXJWm|H$mo H$ wQ>a| $sS> H$aZoH$mlo gwlr Anm mS>{d`mH$mo OmVm h. hmb| lrVr Zrfm-lrnaoe emh,lrVr n{Zr-lrY} Pmbm, lrVr {Z{H$Vm-lrOJXre eoR>, lrhfX^mBVWm lrhgwI^mB eoR> Am{XZo nmR> oX{ZYmaUH$s b~r ~R>H$m|| ghnR>ZH$mCgmh {XIm H$a Bh| erK hr wU-H$meZmo{MV ~Zm {X`m. AV BZ g^rnahm w lrdb^mMm MaU VWm JWH$ma Jmodmr lrnwfmomOr H$nm BgrVah ~agVr aho Ama dmJu` Zmgodm BZgo gnZ hmoVr aho Eogr ew H$mZmBg JWHo$ AV| H$m`mZ CaUHo$ AmH$aWbm| Ama `hm na CZHo$ n>m|H$sAZwH${UH$m {MaOrdr Jmodmr lreaXZo V ma H$s h. VwV JWHo$ AmdaUn>V`mXm {MH$s {Z{{V gwlr `m{V ohVmH$s h. A` g^r H$meZm|H$s VahBg JWH$m ^r wU-H$meZmon`moJr gmam CmaXm{`d lrZrf ~mamBZo dhZ{H$`m h. Bg H$meZHo$ gwAdana H$meZgWm lrdb^{dmnrR>-lr{d>boe wMaU Am.hmo.Q>Q>Ho$ gh`moJr `mgr OZm| lrhgamO Jmo. doX Am{X g^rH$mo

A{^ZpXV H$aZoHo$ Zmo mdm|Ho$ gJmonZmW AnZoH$mo AgW nmVm h. `m|{H$`mgH$s gw`dWmde hr Eogr Ay` JWam{eAm|H$m H$meZ gwH$a ghO hmonmVm h.

AV| naVw gdm{YH$ hdnyU CboIZr` CnH$ma CZ bmoJm|H$m h {H${OZ hmZw mdm|Zo Ama gWmAm|Zo AnZo hV{bpIV JWmJmam|go BVZr gmarhV{bpIV JWmVH$m`| X`Ho$ AVrd AmXm`mam h| XmZ H$s. BZHo$CnH$maH$mo yb nmZm H$W{n e` hr Zht

A{YH$`o>H$Um VVr`m Jmodmr `m Zmoha{d.g.2063. w~B.

23 24

nmR>gemoYZmW gJhrVmVH$m{ddaU

H$mo JWZm gemoYZmW mVmZm AmXemZm Vm{bH$m

10. ~mUdm{XXodVmdmX H$=w~mZJarW~h{XamWmZnpS>V^ >X od{f {^ lramZmWemp{^ gnm VV H$m {eVm{d.g.1976=B.g.1920 df}. I=J>bmbmonZmH$-lrJmodYZ^>mZmJWgJhr`m mVH$m J=bS>ZWm BpS>`m Am{$g bm`~oar ES>[aH$mS>g(EgEZ.EEg 2497) K=AYwZm w.{d.{d.JWmJmao JwOamVrAm{$g bm`~oar BN>mam XogmBgJhr`m(4984) L>=nmoa~XaWmJmo.lrerbw~mdmgJhr`m.

11. Ord`mnH$dIS >ZdmX (BX WV`m H$m`mZ)I=nMnrR>WJWmJmar`m JWH$pZOhVmjao {bpIVm J=bS>ZWmBpS>`m Am{$g bm`~oar ES> [aH$mS > g(EgEZ.EEg 2497)K=J>bmbmonZmH$-lrJmodYZ^>mZm JWgJhr`m mVH$m L>=OwZmJT>WmJmo.lr{H$emoaM-hmamOgJhWm.

12. Ord{V{~~dIS>ZdmX H$=`Wmnyd lram.em.gnm{XVmI={d.g.1890 df} `o>d{X 3 gmodmgao {bpIVmoboIH$mJ=J>bmbmonZmH$lrJmodYZ^>JWmJmar`m.

13. ^mJdVd$n{df`H$eH$m{ZamgdmX H$-1=ewbmonmdlrh[aeH$-aempgnm{XVm OoR>mZX AmgZb nwVH$mb`mV {d.g.1999 df}H$m{eVm H$-2=H$meH$m{X{ddaUa{hVm mMrZm w{Vm I=H$moQ>mWmWnrR >J WmJmar`m J=A{dkmVdm{H$mK=w .{d.{d.BN>amXogmBgJ hr`m (5141) L>=H$UJT>WmXr`JWmJmar`m M=OwZmJT>Wm Jmo.lr{H$..JWmJmar`m.

14. CnXoem{X{df`H$eLH$m{ZamgdmX H$=`Wmnyd lram.em.gnm{XVmI=A{dkmVdm{H$m J=J>bmbmonZmH$lrJmodYZ^>JWmJmar`mK=nwUoWm ^mS>maH$a Amo[a.[ag.BQ>r.JWmJmar`m (319/189.95)L>=w.{d.{d.JWm.(5134) lrBN>m.Xogm.gJhr`m M=amOWmZm`{dm hV{bpIVgJhmb`Wm (30139-am.m. {d..).

1 5 . ^ J d { V H $ { V n y O Z d m X H $ = ` W m n y d lram.em.gnm{XVmI=w . {d.{d.J Wm. (5100)lrBN>m.Xogm.gJ.""dmamUgrWgmJaWmonmdamH$U^>`'' B{VCboIdVr J=nmoa~XaWm Jmo.lrerbw.gJhr`m ""boIH$-H$S>mo{b`m ~mUhgamOwbOr Aaobrdmao {b.w~Bo {d.g.1920nm.H$.7'' B{V CboIdVrK=OwZm.Jmo. lr{H$emo..JWm. L>=H$moQ>mWm W.nr.JWmJmar`m.

16. D$dnwS>YmaUdmX H$=`Wmnyd lram.em.gnm{XVm I=H$moQ>mWmW.nr.JWm. J=A{dkmVdm{H$m K=A{dkmVdm{H$m L>=A-{dkmVdm{H$m M=OwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo.JWm. N>=w.{d.{d.JWm.lr-BN>m.Xogm.gJhr`m O=A{dkmVdm{H$m.

17. V wbgrmbmYmaUdmX H$=`Wmn yd lram.em.gnm{XVmI=A{dkmVdm{H$m J=A{dkmVdm{H$m K=amOWmZ m`{dmhV{bpIVgJhmb`Wm (30145-am.m.{d..) L>=H$moQ>mWmW.nr.JWmJmar`m. M=A{dkmVdm{H$m N>=H$UJT> WmXr`JWmJmar`m O=JWH$pZOhVmjambopIVm P=""Amo-`Jm onrZmWmOX odH$ sZXZ`'' B{V Cb oIdVrOwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo..JWmJmar`m.

18. eLI$MH$YmaUdmX H$=`Wmnyd lram.em.gnm{XVm I=w.{d.{d.JWm. lrBN>m.Xogm.gJhr`m (4915) J=A{dkmVdm{H$mK=AXmdmXWm ^mo.Oo.JWmJmar`m L>= M=amOWmZ m`{dmhV{bpIVgJhmb`Wm (30145-am.m.{d..) N>=A{dkmV-

25 26

dm{H$m. O=OwZm.Jm o .lr{H$em o ..g J hr`m""Amo JmonrZmWmOXodH$sZXZ`' B{V CboIdVr.

19. ^pVagddmX H$=`Wmn yd lram.em.gnm{XVmI=J>bmbmonZmH$lrJmodYZ^>JWmJmar`m J=""gdV 1856 df}mJerfmgo ewbnjo {VWm 9 Jwdmao {bpIV'' B{V CboIdVrJ >bmbm onZmH$lrJm odY Z^ >J WmJmar`m. K=OwZm.Jm o .lr{H$emo..gJhr`m.

20. ^` wH$f dmX H$=`Wmn yd lram.em.gnm{XVmI=JWH$pZOhVmjambopIVm nmoa~XaWm Jmo.lrerbw.gJhr`mJ=AXmdmXWm mo.Oo.JWmJmar`m (5792). K=""gdV 1856 mJerfgwXr 2'' B{V CboIdVr OwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo..gJhr`m.

21. Zm$bm{XH$madmX H$=`Wmnyd lram.em.gnm{XVm I=J>-bmbmonZmH$lrJmodYZ^>JWmJmar`m J=J>bmbmonZmH$lrJmod-YZ^>JWmJmar`m K=H$moQ>mWm W.nr.JWmJmar`m. L>=A{d-kmVdm{H$m M=OwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo..gJhr`m.

22. "O`-lrH$Umo'MmaUdmX H$=H$`mpMV gmXm{`H$n{H$m`mH$m{eV` {V{M I=A{dkmVybm mVH$m J=nMnrR>JWmJmar`mK=OwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo..gJhr`m.

23. dd{mdmX H$="nw{>^pVgwYm' m{gH$n{H$m`m 3df} 9AHo$ w{VmI=nMnrR >J WmJmar`m J=H$m oQ > mWm W.nr.J WmJmar`mK=mS>drJWmJmar`m L>=""Amo JmonrZmWmOXodH$sZXZ`, AHo$bm...MpXa{VoXHo$ {dH$` ewH$m o mgo H$Uo@ZJ{VWm {dmaZeUm{bpIV O`ZJao lrJmoHw$berV{H$aUpXao gVm gwIXo lrJmo{dXgrno''

B{V CboIdVr OwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo. .gJhr`m M=OwZm.Jmo.lr{H$emo..gJhr`m N>=w.{d.{d.JWm. lrBN>m.Xogm.gJhr`m (5127).

24. dm{XgodmdmX H$=ZmWmamW{Vr`nrR>JWmJmar`m.

25. y{VnyOZdmX H$=`Wmnyd lram.em.gnm{XVm I=""gdV 1763 df} o> gw{X 8 Mo {bpIV nwVH$'' B{V CboIdVr JWH$H$m{bH$mJ=w.{d.{d.JWm. lrBN>m.Xogm.gJhr`m (4908).

26. ^mJdVnmR>mXo eH$m{ZamgdmX H$=H$moQ>mWm W.nr.JWmJmar`m.

27 28

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1 2

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*ZZw Ho$ EVo Ibw Ym o OVmo {h AZ{^Vm {ddmXmnXr yVm M :qH$ MVwdUm}nZofw A^Ho$fw gdoVm ~mUdm{XOm{V$nm? AmhmopdXMVwdU{d^VmZ ~mUmXrZ C{` {dYr`mZm H$$nm ?V Zm H$njmoXr`, mXw mdmWH$mX "O{Z'YmVmo ""Om`Vo B{V Om{V'' B{V wnmo,""Om{V gmmÒZmo'' (A.H$m o.3&3&68) B{V H$m oemV M,"Om{V'nXdm`mZm Ogmm`m`VaYmUm OVEd AJrH$m`dmV. VO{gmA{n Ho$MZ n[amUmH$`m{X$nm Ym {Zd`hV`m ZmemhV`m dmA{Z`m ^dpV, VWm{n gmm`$nmo YVw AZm{dZm od. Zm{n {Vr`m,`Vmo{h òM CnZ`Z{ddmhnw gdZOmVH$ZmH$aUMyS>mH$aUm{XgH$mam~Um{XdUmZ C{`

emofw {d{hVm VoVw VmXdUOmVmZod C{` emofw {d{hVmB{V {dnarVBX "" o Ym Vo Z OV''* B{V mVo-

C`Vo : Z VmdX Om{VdU mo EH$mWdm{Md g^d{V. ZM *""gdU}`gdUmgw Om`Vo {h gOmV`'' (`mk..1&4&89) B{V {VdmòOm{VdU mo EH$mWdm{Mdm^mdo gdU}` gdUmd{n H$Xm{MV AgmZdUmA^H$m OmòapZ{V ~m{YVmW~moYmn{m* B{V dm`, ""Om{V=N>X{ggmm o mbVrJmoOgw'' (Ya.H$mo.870) B{V H$moemX demWH$Vm`mA{ng^dmV. {H$M ""AmH${VJhUm Om{V qbJmZm M Z gd^mH$gH$Xm`mV{ZJmh m Jmo M MaU gh'' (nm..^m.4&1&33) B{V dm ogd}fw ~mUm{Xfw gd``ZwJVH$H$mH$mamUm ddmH${V`L>`mZm~ mUdj{`dm{XYm Um AZ wnb^ oZ "gd ``Z wJVg WmZ`L>`mH${V$nm'Wmg^dB{V Z OZm ~mUdm{XY{g{.{Z`mZ oH$gdoVm`m "gH $Xm`mV{ZJm h `m'`mV w g ``{V[aH o $""Om{V`pV{d^mJmo A `Wm dVw{Z H$pnV'' (^mJ.nwam.6&15&8)B{V dm`mV eXkmZmZwnm{VH$nZH$$ndmX{n Z OZm {g{. VmXAd{e`Vo MaUghH$VJmo$nm Om{V B{V VVr` H$n. V ""gV{VJmo... demo Addm` gVmZ'' (A.H$m o.2&2&1) B{V C`mdemnan`m`V`m OZm {gmd{n Z ~m`m{XdU{d{ZJH$d. `WmMCV ""Zf Xmof gd} EVo eXm JwUgwXm ofw dVVo-~mU j{`mod` ey B{V. AmVM JwUgwXm o Ed {h Amh : "Vn lwV M `mo{Z MEVX ~mUH$maU VnlwVm`m `mo hrZmo Om{V~mUEd g'''(nm..^m.5&1&115) B{V. VoZ "gOmV`'nXo@{n EfEd de$nmo AWm}AJrH$aUr`. AVEd AmH${V`L>`mZm Jmodmddm{XYmUm Om{Vdm wnJo@{n` ""Jmo A ` eH$Q> dh{V, JmoVamo A ` eH$Q> dh{V gra M''(nm..^m.5&3&55) B od Om{VdmMHo$Zm{n nXoZ H$fmnH$fmoVZoVw ""ZfOmVo H$f. H$` V{h? JwU`... gmZJwUEd nYm ^d{V... OZZoZm`Vo gm Om{V. ZM EV` AW` H$fmnH$fm V'' (nm..^m.5&3&55)B{V JwUdmMH$Vm AJrH$Vm. `mkd oZm{n C`Vo ""gd` ^dmo {dmlwVm``Zer{bZ Vo` {H$`mnam Vo`mo {h A`m{MVH$m, Z {d`m

3 4

Ho$db`m Vngm dm{n nmVm ` dm Bo M C o V{ nm H$s{VV''(`mk..1&9&179-198) B{V. VmX ~m`H$f} VmaV`{Z$nUmX"Om{V'-"dU'nX`mo Z EH$mWdmMH$d CnnVo. AVEd ""gH$mam À{dpN>Zm g {Omo... {OZm OH$mdXmVmZm {H$`m MAmlZmo{XVm'' (^mJ.nwam.7&11&13) B{V dMZo Z Ho$dboZ OZm {H$wVJwUH$gwpMVoZd OZm {OdmoH$f {Vnm{XV. {H$M ""~mUj{`mo d` `mo dUm {OmV`, MVwW EH$Om{VVw eymo, ZmpV VwnM'' (Zw.10&4) B{V dm`mX dUmVw MdmaEd. dUmngXmZm de$nmOmV`Vw nwZ AZoH$m, ""`{^MmaoU dUmZm AdomdoXZoZ M dH$Umn[a`mJmV Om`Vo dUgH$am'' B{V dUêhoVyZm Eo`m^mdoZ ""gyVmodXhH$ Md MmS>b...'' (Zw.10&24-26) B{V CVdmX Om{VdU moZH$d drH$Vw e`.

ZM *dUgmH$`m{XhoVwÈd dUmngXOmVrZm AZoH$do@{n hrZOm{Vfw~mUmw{MVgH$ma Z ~mUdUm} d{MX d{UV. A{nM ZwZm{n ""gddU}fwVw`mgw nZrfw AjV`mo{Zfw AmZwbm oZ g yVm Om`m ko m VEd Vo''(Zw.10&5) B{V OZd dUm A wnoVmB{V Om`dmVa oXEd dU* B{Ve , OZm {h dUmJrH$mao ~m`m ~mUmX OmV` ~m`{Zò {H$AVJSw>Zm AjV`mo{ZdoZ? Z{h AOH${Z{moZ jV`mo{Za{n AOm AnammXAOmX J^YmaUo JOmonmX{`r >Mar VmV gOmVr`gVmZmonmmjVmjV`mo{Zd`mo >XmofJwUm^mdoZ, nwZ wd p`m {ddmhgH$ma{ZfoYoZ M;{ddmhdV gV`wnmmd{n ~{OH$J^mYmZnw gdZOmVH$m{XgH$mamUm{Z`Vmn ojUmV M Z H o $dboZ OZm ~ mUdm{XOmV` {H$V wVmXdemo{MVgH$ma ddH$d`m{X{^ AnmVH$mM[aV M dUm. VVH$WH$ma Vofm Om{Vdg^mdZm{n.

(JbmMaUoZ CnH$)`N>mgZmZwgmaoU ~mUdm{XXodVm&&

Xoho {V>pV bmoH$` V h[a gdXml o&&1&&

*ZZw ""Om wH$fm} wJo ko nMo gVo@{n dm'' (`mk..1&5&95)B` hrZOmVoa{n gVo n`m o CMdUu`H$m{YH$ma{Z`mo AJrH$VEdo{V H$ oXmo Zm Om{VdU mo Ad{V>oX* B{V MoX EVmw AgmVod. `mX OZmdU{Zò CH$fm} Z dV`, CVM nwam wJo{h CH$f{Z`, VmX ZOZm dUm} AJrH$Vw e`. Z{h KQ>d nwam nQ>dm{^Z gX BXmZt {^Z^{dVw Ah{V. VX CV ^JdVm ""MmVwd `m g> JwUH${d^mJe''(^J.JrVm.4&13) B{V. *ZZw ""~mUj{`{dem eymUm M, naVn,H$m{U {d^Vm{Z d^md^d JwU... emo X Vn emM jmpVAmOdod M kmZ {dkmZ AmpV ~H$ d^mdO... n[aM`mH$H$ ey`m{n d^mdO'' (^J.JrVm.18&41-44) B` MmVwd`}H${d^mJ, V`M d^mdO`JwUybH$d, d^mdmZm M AmZwd{eH$doZJwUH$Umoa{n demZwJ{VH$d{{V JwUH${Z{mm{n Om{V OZd Jbo n{VVm*

B{V MoV Z, dedU`mo nmWòZ d^md` demZwJ{VH$Vmg^do@{ndUmZwJ{VH$do mUm^mdmV. {dXwamXrZm ""nm`ZgwVmo... {dXwa''(^mJ.nwam.3&7&1) B{V dMZmX ~mUdeOdoZ VmJwUem{bdo@{n V`~mUdUmZ wnJmV. VmX-

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VmXdUm}{MVgH$ma A Ho$fw VmXdUm{^m{ZXodVm mXw yVm {V{>VmM dVr{V VmXdUm{^m{ZXodVmdoemXod Vo-Vo OZm ~mUm{XdUu`m dpVB{V ah {VnmX`V lrhao gmlÙ$nJbmMaUoZ CnH$Vo N>mgZm...

5 6

(~mUdmX`mo Z OmV` B{V {gmVo Amjon) ({gm OmV`doVm XodVm Z VWm Vm&& `jYmdrH$mamX XodVmH$nZm dWm&&2&&)

*ZZw BX A wVnm. o.1, bmoHo$ ~mUdmXrZm Om{VdoZ {go ~mYH$m^mdoZM Vofm Om{VdmonJ` wVV`m XodVmdH$nZ` A`m`dmV.

B`ma` h[a gdXml o B`V `mdV. VX CV ZwZm "" Vw H${U`pZ g ` wV W w g VXod d oOo g`mZ nwZnwZ...bmoH$mZmVw {dd`W wI~mhnmXV ~mU j{` d` ey M{ZadV X'' (Zw.1&28-31) B{V. Bh ""d oOo g`mZ'' B{Vd` demZwJwUgH$ma gH$mamZwJwUH$mMaU M dpZ Xodmdoe{ZdmhH$dH$m{^{Znm{XVJwU d{UVm ÔVo B{V ah ~mo`.

Bh JWo EH$$nVm{Zdmhm` nydnjgJhH$m[aH$m `m `mo{OVm. AW BXmZt~mUdm{XOm{VVmoX mdH$ nydnj AmaM`pV ZZw B`m{XZm. Bh ~m`mXrZmOm{VdH$nZm VWm{g{ybdo{V ~mYH$mZwnbpY B{V EH$m, AnamVwXodVmdH$nZm A{gm B{V o AZwnnmr X{eVo. *ZZw ""g{V Hw$S>o {M''B{V `m oZ ~mUdmXrZm mUV {gm {h Vofm Om{Vd dUd Xodd dmB{V {dMma` gpV. Vm{Z ~mUdmXr{ZM OZm H$Um dm C^m`m dmB{VVw gd VXmZwf{JH$od. Z{h `j{df`r^yVofw Zwòfw ""Bo ~mUmj{`m dm d`m dm'' B{V ""BoVw eym'' dm B{V oXmo {dn>mo ~moe`Vo. `mX `pV~m oYmYrZM Om{V~m oYm o, Zm{nM `V`dmd`dgpZdoe{deofmdJa{hVm dOmVrZm ôX AmdoX{`Vw ^dpV.Z{h JmoJOmXrZm{d ~mUmXrZm {d{^ZmH$V`mo A `Vo Mjwfm. òZAmYma`~moYmX AmYo`^yVmZm OmVrZm{n Am`` AmeòV. A{nMemMmMma{eImwImH${VYa{n BX{W mdoZ ~mUdm{X{ZM`mo Z e`mo,ZH$nwfmUm `dhmao M {db^H$Vm Cnb`Vo. AVmo{h ~mUdm{XgdomUmZwnb`m XyamnoVm {h Vofm Om{VdUXoddm{X{dMmaUm* B{V MoX-

A Ho${MX Ed gmXYVo : Vr`Vo {h VmdX AmH${V `m OmV``jm{XmU. `mXrZm W`jmdgao OmVo `j Z g^dX{nbmoH$m{X` VXdmMH$eXm{^kmZo g{V OmV`mo {ZdVw{n e`m ^d od,""A nwamo@dpWV new dm `{nS>mo dm "Jmo'nXdm`B{V EVmem gd}JmodOm{VV'' B{V. nMmmw JN>Vm H$mboZ VXdmVaôXmA{n ""B`nMZXXo{e`m Jm'' ""B ndVXoer`m Jm'' B{V AdJ`VEd. g{V MdgmZmH$magdmpH$m Om{V dm gmZmH$ma~wmb~Z^yVm dm, B{VOm wnOm{VgmYmaUmo Ad~moY gdOZgm{jH$. VoZVmeoZ ~moYoZ Zw od{n""~mUj{`{dem eymUm M... H$m{U {d^Vm{Z d^md^dJwU... emo X Vn emM... kmZ {dkmZ AmpV` ~ H$d^mdO... n[aM`mH$ H$ ey`m{n d^mdO'' (^J.JrVm.18&41-44) B{V C`m ` of w-` of w mUdH o $f w `mem d^md^ oXm,AZObdm wXoem o@{n, JmoMar^dpV, VV Vofm-Vofm Hw$bofw nydOmVmZmjoofw ~rOofw M {W oXmo hoVwV`m AZwmV`. `Vmo VoZ {dZm Vmem oXmAmH$pH$m do w. gmZgd M Vofw AZmH$pH$ gZ hoVw{deof mn`{V.VoZ BW yVoZ VH$g{MdoZ `joU OmV` {g` od B{V.

VXoVV Z {g`{V B{V gmYZr : VWm{h jo~rO oXmZwmZg{MdoZ`joU Vofw-Vofw nwfofw Cnb`mZm VmH$JwUOZH$m d^md oXm `{XAgH$sUm w VXm ""AZm Am H$mU Am M AZm H$mU gYm A~drX YmVm Z gm Zmgm B{V'' (Zw.10&73) B{V ZyVmo {dYmVwgXohmo {ZadH$meEd `mV. `{XVw {dYmVwa{n dUgH$amX Om`mZ gXohmoXwanZd VXm Vg>ofw H$mo Zm dgemZm H$JwU`mo gH$sUVmXeZo@{nVH$g{Md`j` {ZUm H$d dm Z` dm bmKoV ZM *""gdU}`gdUmgw Om`Vo {h gmOmV`'' (`mk..1&4&89) B{V dMZmZwamoYmX{dewmVm{nVH$dkmZ{d{e>nwkmZoZ {h Om{V`j g^dEd* B{V dm`,AdJV{dewmVm{nVH$d{d{e>nw`jo@{n {nVmh{nVmhm{XnydOmZm ~m-

Umddm`do@{n Vofw H$`mopMX Xn`mo-

7 8

""`mo AZYr` {Omo doX A` Hw$Vo l g OrdZod eydAmew JN>{V gmd`'' (Zw.2&168).

""bdU VZ`m bmjm nVZr`m{Z {dH$ o, n`mo X{Y M MhrZdUH$am{U Vw'' (`mk..3&3&40).

""^Vw earaewlyfm YH$m M Z`H$, dm Md Hw$`mV gd}fmZ AdOm{V H$WMZ. `Vw VV H$ma oX mohmX gOm`m pWV`mAZ`m `Wm ~mUMS>mb nyd> VWd g'' (Zw.9&86-87).

""g nV{V mgoZ bmj`m bdUoZ M `hoU eymo ^d{V~mU jra{dH$`mX'' (Zw.10&92).

""~moPVm doX{ZXm H$mQ>gm gwXdY J{hVmZm`moOpY gwamnmZgm{Z fQ>'' (Zw.11&56).

""`` H$m`JV ~ oZ Ambm`Vo gH$V V` `n{V~m eyd M g JN>{V'' (Zw.11&97).

""MS>mbm`p`mo Jdm ^wdm M {VJh` M nV{VAkmZVmo {dmo kmZmV gm Vw JN>{V''. (Zw.11&175). BòVmem{Z nmVZr`H$mMaUm{Z bmoH$m{dkmVm{Z AmgZ Zdm B{V

{Z{d{M{H$gm`dgm`m o {dZm gdkoZ Ho$Z H$Vw e`? VX^mdoVw{dewmVm{nVH$d{n Z ~m`m` Ab. AW *gd}fm{n mUmZm mm dVEd AJrH$V. AZwnbYo M mUV`m AJrH$mamX, BJ dmmVÀZwnbYoaod ~m`{ZM o Z ~mYm H$m{MX* B{V MoX Z, "" oZ Bp oU `m`pV Jh`Vo VXJVm Om{V VX^md M VoZd BpòU Jh`Vo'' B{V{Z`mJrH$mamX ^yVH$m{bH$mnamojkmZ{df`r^yVo {h {nVmh{nVmhmXmEVmdmgX mdo VX^mdo dm yVH$m{bH$mnamojmZwnbYoaod mm`. VVmo{hBXmZrVZmZwnbYo Z V mm`Ma. Eo{Vh`mXo mm`VmdoVwAnmfo`dmV lw`mXo dVmm`dmXmo ^`mXod. BXmZrVZmZwnbYoVwnamojdoZ Z

~mYH$m{ZVw ""`Voa oX Vw`d gH$amo AW AZdpW{V $nhm{ZAg~Ymo Om{V~mYH$gJh'' ({H$aUm.16) B{V. V ``ôX

AmH$medmXo Om{Vd~mYH$monm.ô.2 AZoH$mZZwJmV, V Om{VH$nZo`moOZm^mdmV. Vw`dM KQ>dH$bedmXo Om`Vad~mYH$,EH$ÒH$``doZ ôXJhmg^dmV, JmadmV M. gH$aVw ^yVymdmXoOm{Vd~mYH$ nanam`Vm^mdgmZm{YH$aU`mo EH$ gmdoeonm. o.3 C^`moXwnar`dmV.

V mm`g^mdZmboemo@{n. *ZZw ""`Wd eymo ~m`m ~mh OVwgy Vo VWm ~mh Va ~mh MmVwd } gy Vo. {VHy$b dVmZm ~mh m~mh VamZ nwZ hrZm hrZmZ gy Vo dUmZ nMXed Vw'' (Zw.10&30-31) B{V dMZmV MmVwd ~mh od{n "dU'nX`moJmX Om{VdU mo A oXHw$Vmo Z {g oX* B{V MoV Z, ""ZmpV Vw nM'' (Zw.10&4) B{V{ZfoY` CVdmXod Zmo d{UZmo MmVwd ~mh m dpV. *ZZw VXm Bh CVm`mnMXeg`m`m H$m J{V? B{V MoX `WmM boN>dmH$ Am dmH$ M ^dVVWm{h EVo Z Am`dUm {H$V w X`wdUm . Am`dUm Zm {h doX oA{Y>mVXodVm{Z$nUoZ XodVmdoeOd. AZm dUmZmVw ""wI~mhnOmZm`m bmoHo$ OmV`mo ~{h boN>dmM M Am dmM Vo gd} X`d Vm''(Zw.10&45) B{V C`m Z doXmoVXodVmdoe. A`Wm ""eZH$Vw{H$`mbmonmX Bm j{ÒmV`mo dfbd JVm bmoHo$'' (Zw.10&43)B{V j{`d{UVm{n EVOmVr`H$mZm Hw$Vmo Z {g oV? ZM B>mn{m e`m,`mX j{`dUm`wnJo AmnV~moVoZ ""A{VH$mVo gm{d`m F$Vw`{dH$ ~M` MaoX. AW CnZ`Z... AW A`m`. AW ``{nVm {nVmh B{V AZwnoVm `mVm Vo ~hgVwVm... Vofm BN>Vmm`pMm... AW CnZ`Z'' (Am.Y.gy.1&1&25-37) B{V dMZmVnm{V`m{deofmX EVofm{n m`pMmoZ ew{ e oV. ZM B>d gm B{V dm VXm dUmZm OdmXmo JV AmJVM H$Um XodVm{V>mdmX.

H$V AZwgam : V fQ>gw Om{V~mYHo$fw ZH$`m{n ~mUdm{XfwgpV B{V AmXm AmnmX`pV V B`m{XZm. BX A AdYo : EH$`m

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9 10

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A^mdoZ M {ddm{d AmXm`m{n gmH$`m mdmX B{V.

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nanam`Vm^mdgmZm{YH$aU... B{V. hoVwgm``mo njYVoBdY mo{h gmhM d{MX {Z`V, d{MM KQ>nQ>`mo EoH$m{YH$a A{Z`V{n.VWm nanaghmdWmZmg{hdmo {damoYmo@{n MVwYm ~mo` : 1nanam`Vm^md-

ZM *{ddm{d`m`{d oXoZ ~mUd{d`mJrH$mao@{n gmH$ {Zdmo{ddm{{d`mJrH$mamo AZw{MV* B{V e , Om{VH$nZm{Y`- gJmV.nm. o.5

VWm{h-EH$ ~mUd {ddm{d`m` Ana M V{. Ed Vw` w`m

j{`d{n {{dY. A`Wm {ddm{d AmXm` gmH$`mn`m j{`d`m{nOm{VdmZwnnmo. VWmM ~mUd j{`d {ddm{d M EH$ B odnMOmV`. {ddm{d{d oVw ~mUd

$nV`m `Wm KQ>-VX`Vm^md`mo. 2nanam`Vm^md`m`V`m `WmJmodm- ddm`Vm^md`mo. VWm{h ` Jmod V Addm`Vm^mdmo ` MAdd V Jmodm`Vm^mdB{V. VVmo Jmodmdd`mo `{n EH$ gmdoemo{d VWm{n C^`m`Vm^md`mo EH$ JOo gmmZm{YH$a g^d odo{VZV`mo nanam`Vm^mdd$nmo {damoYmo Zdm nanam`Vm^md`mnH$d$nmodm. 3nanam`Vm^md`mnH$V`m {damoYVw Zw`gwXm o ` d{Udm^mdV dUmngXd, `M dUmngXdm^md V d{Ud{{V. AVmo H$pZ{nZw o Z d{UddUmngXd`mo[ad d{Udm`Vm^md-dUmngXdm`Vm^md`moa{ngmmZm{YH$a` e` dVw. ` nwZ KQ>nQ>g[agnn{j{jH$mndm{Xfwd{UddUmngXdmVm^md`mo gmmZm{YH$a V Z Zw`d{{V. AmVMZw`d`m``mo d{Ud-dUmngXd`mo nanam`Vm^md`mnH$d. Z OmVwV`mo ghmdWmZmhd. Bh "Zw`d`m`MmVwd 'JhU XoddmaUm`. Vofw""gdm Ef ~mU` kmo X AZoZ ~hn{V AÒV. ~ {h ~hn{V~ {h ~mU. AWmo amO`` `X AZoZ Bmo AÒV j {h Bj amO`'' (e.n.~m.5&1&11) B{V, ""Omn{V AH$m`V "Om o o'{Vg wIV {dV {ZarV, V ApZ XodVm Adg`V ~mUmoZw`mUm. ~mh`m nMXe {ZarV, V Bmo XodVm Adg`VamO`mo Zw`mUm. `V gVXe {ZarV, V {ddoXodm XodVmAdg`V d`mo Zw`mUm. nm EH$qde {ZarV, V AZww>n N>XmoAdg`V... eymo Zw`mUm'' (V{m.g{h.7&1&1) B{V dUmJrH$mamV.VM CV ""Z{h `Xod ``Vo V d Ho$db Xodg~Y `Vwa{n VoZdg~YoZ gd XodVm ^d{V... ^d{V nwf`m{n `w> gm XodVm''(Vdm{V.1&4&22) B{V. 4KQ>dm`Vm^mj{`d VmX`m {ddm{d Mo{V MVEd OmV`B{V bmKdmV VWm H$nZod wV, Xmofm^mdmV. ZM*`m``mnH$^mdo mZm^md* e`, VXZJrH$mao KQ>dn{WdrdmXrZm{n

11 12

XKQ>mXm g{ZdoeoZ gmH$ gJo OmVo Xm{VbmO{bdmnmVB{V A`WmZwnnmoaodmZdmX B{V.

d{V dUHw$S>bo d{mV dU`d` dU`dm`Vm^mdd{V XKQ>oM d{mVmo KQ>d` B`w^`mo KQ>ddU`d`mo EH$ dUKQ> ogmmZm{YH$a`monb oZ MVwW H$ma {damoY`. EVofw H$VH$maH$mo {damoYmodm gmH$ dm {ddm{m{Xfw M ~mUdj{`d`mo C`Vo oZ Bo OmVr Z^d oVm ? {H$M n ydm }VmZm `mUm{n H$ma mUm {V`mo{JVmZw`mo{JVmdN>oXH$Yg~Ym{XôXVw gmmZm{YH$a` g^dòd.VX `Wm ybmdN>oXoZ H${ng`moJm`Vm^mdd{V djo emImdN>oXoZH${ng moJg^do {V`mo{JVX`Vmd`moa{n EH$ d{mmm Z gdWm AZJrH$m d^d{V. VmXm`g~YoZ A`mo`pZ d{mVmo KQ>m^md-nQ>m^md`mo[adKQ>nQ>`moa{n n{W`m gmmZm{YH$a g^d od. EVmdVm Z KQ>dnQ>dOm`moAnbmn e`. Ed ""d{MX Cn{hV`Vm Cnm{Y`gmH$ }@{n CnmYrZmd$nV Ibw AgmH$ '' B{V `m oZ gmH$ ` Om{V~mYH$do A~mYH$dodm C^`Wm{n Z ~mUdm{XOm`nbmn e` H$Vw.

VWmM Bh ge`nydm}manjH$mo{Q>H$gH$bZm Ed ko m : gX ofw VVmo`{V[aVm gmm{X$nm OmV`mo ^{dVw AhpV Zdm? ^dpV MoV VmgwAmH${V `m`m na$nm`m ZwÒmVm AV yVm Anam AZmH${V `mA{n~mUdm{XOmV`mo ^{dVw AhpV Zdm? ^dpV MoV qH$ Om{VdUm EH$EdnXmW AmhmopdX {d{^Zm? B{V Amm H$moQ>`.

{Vr`mVw ge`H$moQ>`mo : AZmH${V``mgw dU$nmgw Om{Vfw gVrfwVmXd{UZm {nVUm ~rOo` gH$memV VmXd{Ujo^yVmZm mVUm J^}`momUdH$mZm gdo g{V OZd? CV emofw {d{hV VmXdUmZwHy$bgH$maH$d`m{X{âod dm? OH$m}^m`m dm? OZm A`wnJo{Z`mZoH$mZwJVgmm`$nm dm?

(gmH$ ` Z Om{V~mYH$d B{V VoZ `dWmZ) A oVw *gH$amo Z OmVo ~mYH$, lrZqgh-{H$nwnwfmXm C^`gdmV.

nm>H$mnmggy {Z{Vo nQ>o VWm yVOm{V`monb^mV M* B{V Amh.

VmX ~mUdm{XH$ Om{Vaodo{V ~mUdmXrZm XodVmdH$nZA`mòd.

gIS>mIS>monm``Va$nm dm? OgH$maH$d`m{X{^ Am{d y mZmZmYmUm A{Z`VmX`pV{Z>doVw JwUH$d^md$nm dm? VmodVmdoe$nmA{Z`m VmX`pVdm`mo dm?

V nydnjm{^m`gjonVw : `m{X`{V[aVm OmV`mo A wnJV`mB{V. AmH $ {V` `Z w Òm`VJ Vm AZmH $ {V` `mA{nVmXd{U{dewmVm{nVOmVdkmZ{d{e>mUdH$gdoVm ~mUdm{XOmV`mo@{ng^d od B{V. VmX Om{VdU mo oXmo@{n namnaOm{V$nEd ZM A`Wm.ge`` {Vr``m H$moQ>m VmBm OmV`mo {Z`mZoH$mZwJVm dU$nm OZdB{V. VmX dUgmH$ } dm gH$maH$d`m{Xbmono dm gH$maH$m{Xbmonm>hoVwH$dddUm{^ÒH$mZm earam^H$mUyZm ZmemXod ~mUj{`d`$n`ZmemoZ nwZ OmVrZm Zmemo {Z`dmXodo{V. Z{h {Z`mZm OmVrZm {dZmemo Zm A`H$pMV Vw wV. B odm{^m`H$m nydnjr d wpV Cngha{V VmX~mUdm{XH$ B`ma` XodVmdH$nZ A`mòd B`V `mdV.

Bh {gm`{^Vm H$moQ>`Vw : gX ofw gmm{X$nm {Z`mZoH$mZwJVmOmV`mo dmYma`Vmo {^Zm ^{dVw Z AhpV. Z{h AmH$Vo nWH$ na$nmZwÒm{V H$mMZ ^d{V `XV^y Vm dm Anam AZmH${V``m~mUdm{XOmV`mo Zm g^do w. VVmo ~mUdmX`mo dUmEd. VmX Om{VdUmEH$Ed nXmWm Z V`m. B{V Amm H$moQ>`.

13 14

{Vr``mVw ge`H$moQ>m : VmXd{UZm {nVUm ~rOo` gH$memV B{VmVo C`Vo-

({gmVmonH$)

Z Om{Va ~mUdm{X `pV g``nm. o.7{ZJmVnm. o.8

&&A`mJmV M g~Y`me`dMZdV&&3&&{Z`VÒH$m^mdmX dm`mZm M {damoYZmV&&VV w$Q> XodVmd mUmZm gd`mV&&4&&

VmXd{Udejo yVmZm mVUm J }`mo mUdH$mZm gdo g{V VmXdUdeOmZA{YH$` emofw {d{hVmZm dUmZwHy$bgH$mamUm gnmXZoZ Vofw d$n`mo`VmEdH o $dbm mX w^ d{V. $bm{^ wId{U VmV w VmH$ d `m{X{Zdm h oVmXdUm{^m{ZXodVmdoemXod. VmX dUm OH$m}^m`mod Z Ho$dboZOZm. VmVw XodVm gH$maH$d`m{X{^ mXw^y` AdpWVm d$nVmo{Z`do@{n AmdoeVmo {h A{Z`m, VmX`pVdm` M B{V. Vmgm nyUm{^`VmnyUd VmXdUmZm JwUH$d^mdm{^`pV. A`Wm AmdoeVmaV`mVJwUH$d^mdVmaV` M. VoZ H$Xm{MX JwUH$m{Zdmho An{Zdmho dmXodVmdoehm{Za{n g^d{V. B od$n {gmVnj {VnmX{`Vw BXmZr CnH$VoB{V mVo C`Vo B`m{XZm.

*ZZw ~mhUdmXo Om{Vdm^mdo Zw`mkd``mo ""hdm JÂ{dkmV EVXod dV MaoX''(Zw.11&87), ""MaoX ~hUmo dV J hmM `WmdU VWm Amo r{ZfyXH$''(`mk..3&5&245) B{V ^yU` dmAmgZJ^mYmZm`m J{ `m dm dYo VmXdUdYm`pMmm{VXoemo AnmWH$`mX* B{V MoV Z, ^mdmZd~moYmV. VWm{h : ^yU` AmgZJ^m`m dmJ{^`m dm VmXd{UVm^mdo@{n Vofm dYofw VmXd{UnwfdYnmngdÀ{VXoem d Ed{dYm{Z dm`m{Z dmm{Z AJrH$aUr`m{Z. A`Wm EV`moaoddm``mo ""amO`d`m M BOmZm'',""`mJWj{dS>KmVo MaoX ~hUmo

dV'' (Vd) B{V ~mUdU} AOmV`moa{n amO`-d``mo `kmWXr{jVdog{V V`mo dYo ~h`mnmVH$ldUoZ V`moa{n ~m`mn{m Xwn[ahad {dr.

z*ZZw ""Mdmamo dUm... Vofm nyd-nydm} OV lo mZ... AeymUmAXw>H$mUm CnZ`Z doXm``Z A`mYo $bdpV M H$m{U...dgVo ~mU CnZ`rV, Jro amO , ea{X d , J^m>ofw ~mU,J H$mXeofw amO , J mXeofw d`'''' (Amn.Y.gy.1&1&4-19) B{VdMZmX CnZ`ZmV mJ{n eyoVadU}fw OV `Wmnyd lo>d` CnJmV,dgVm{Xfw F$Vwfw J^m>m{Xd`gw M ~mUmXrZ C{` CnZ`Zm{XgH$mamUm{dYmZmM, OZd dU{g{* B{V MoX-

A ~y : Z{h deV l> ~mUm{XmUdH$mZm ~mUm{XdUgX mdomZ A`Wm Bhd "AXw>H$mUm' B{V {deofU VWmM ""earaod mVm{nVamOZ`V'' (Vd.1&1&18) B{V dMZoM BVa`mdVH$ "Ed'H$mamo@{n AnmWH$`mV. Zm{n *~mUmXrZ C{` CnZ`Zm{XgH$ma{dYmZmX OZd dU{g{*

B{V {V , `mX `mo{h ""~mU CnZ`rV'' B{V C`m CnZ`ZmV mJ~m ZwVo g H$Xm{MX ""CXdhoV {Omo ^m`m gdUm bjUmpdVm''(Zw.3&4) B{V dMZmonb oZ {ddmhmV nydod ^m`md{n drV. `{XVw{ddmhmV nyd{n ^m`md VV d` dm na` dm ^doX? Z VmdV d`,{ddmhd `mV. Zm{n na`, AYmnmo. VmX `Wm ""Omn{V OmAgOV'' (V{m.~m.2&3&1) B` `m {gg{jVdoZ {dd{jVm Vm IbwOm ^dpV. Z{h `m Om nyd{gm VmEd OoVa^mdmnmò A`Wmg`VB{V. VWd Bhm{n AdJV`. ZM *Bh ly mU ^m`m m gdUmdH$WH$ma CnnoV? V`mVw CnZ`Zm{XgH$mam^mdmX* B{V >`,CnZ`Zm^mdo@{n ""~{OH$ Jm{ H$ M EZmo {OmZm Cn`Vo'',""VyUrEVm {H$`m rUm {ddmhVw gH$'' (Zw.2&27,`mk..1&2&13)B{V ~mUm{XdUm{YH$maH$J^m YmZm{XgH$ma Jm UgdUmd{goAd H$nZr`dmV. gdWm{nVw ""~ XodmZ AOZ`V. ~ {dd BXOJV. ~U j {Z{V. ~ ~mU AmZm''

15 16

(V{m.~m.2&8&8&9) B`` `m`mZo `X gmÙmYd ""`X OJH$maU~ VXod XodmZ BmXrZ AOZ`X...~U gH$memV j {Z{Vj{Òm{V {Z{Vm. `V na ~ VX AmZm dd$noUd ~mUmoA^dX. ApV {h ~mUearao na~U Am{d^md{deof'' (Vd)B{V Amh VV Z {daUr`. VmX Zwa{n Amh ""bmoH$mZmVw {dd`WwI~mh$nmXV ~mU j{ d ey M {ZadV V'' (Zw.1&31)B{V. ZM Bh gmd{H$m gmdH$m{bH$m ~mUmX`mo ~mS>yV} wI~mh$nmXo`moOm`mZm `Vo. Zm{nM Ed Om`mZm Vo gdU}` gdUmgw Om`mZdoZVWm-VWm Om{VVmo ^do w. A{nM `V`mo Z {H$Vw OmV`Vw Om oaZod B{VAJrH$maoVw OmVrZm {Z`do g{V AZoH$gdoVd ~m{YV `mV, gdm{`Y{Um`mUmod A^mdmV VgdoVmZm {Z`mZm YmUm{n gOZmg^dmV. VmXAH$moZm{n BW^yVofw dMZofw VmXdUm{Y>mVXodg{>aod AJrH$m`m. VmVdml`r^yVo`mo ò`mo {^Zm {Z`mZoH$gdoVm B{V Om``wnJ{VVwlw{V{dd.

*ZZw gmZmH$ma~wmb~Zm {h OmV`mo ^dpV. VmVw `j{gm,AW ""EoVXm` BX gd'' (N>mXmo.Cn.6&9&4) B{V lwVo BXmnX``j>` gd`m{n OJVmo ~mH$do A`wnJVo H$WZw OJXVJVo`jmdJVo `mXm {h {Z`mZoH$mZwJV` KQ>d-~mUdm{X$n` YUmoAnbmn g^doV? Z{h AZoH$mZwJVm Ym Zd ^dVr{V Zm{n Vo VWm yVmgVmo {Z`m Zmo ^do w B{V* B{V MoV-

gw~w{a{g gwnWmZ Am$T>mo@{g Z{h ~dmXo ~ {ZYH$ dr{H$`Vo{H$Vw ~Ym dmYmaVmo ZmVrd {^ZmA{n ^dpV, ôXg{hdôX`d"VmXm`'nXmWV`m AJrH$mamX Om{V``mo Am`pVH$ oX{ZamH$aUEd AmH$â. ZM *{H$ AV Am`mV `{X EVX Ed*B{V H$WZr , d ghA wV{gm {h OmV`mo {Z`YV`m VgdoVm AZoH${Z`m{Z`ml`mZwJVm`Vo. gOmVr`{dOmVr`d$nJVôXhrZ` gn` ~UVw Eoò@{n~mUm{XdUm{^m{Z`mo A{Y>mVXodVm ^JdVmo wI~mh$nmXofw gdoVm Z

dmYma oXmnm{XH$m. VX CV lw{Vfw-

""gdod... BX AJo AmgrX EH$od A{Vr`. VX EojV~h `m Om o '' (N>mXmo.Cn.6&2&3).

""V BX V{h A`mH$V AmgrV. VZm$nm`mod`m{H$`Vo'' (~h.Cn.1&4&7).

""Omn{V Om AgOV. Vm g>m gpb`Z. Vm$noU AZwm{deV. VmX Amh $n d Omn{V. Vm ZmZmAZwm{deV. VmX Amh Zm d Omn{V''(V{m.~m.2&2&7&1).

""` dm BX Zm $n H$... ~ EV{ gdm{UZmm{Z... gdm{U $nm{U... gdm{U H$m{U {~^{V. VXoVV` gX EH$ A` Amm Ammo EH$ gZ EVV `''(~h.Cn.1&6&1-3).

""nwfEd BX gd `X yV `M ^`, CV AVd`BemZmo `X AZoZ A{Vamoh{V... ~mUmo A` wI AmgrX~mh amO` H$V D$$ VX A` `X d` nX`m eymoAOm`V'' (F$g{h.10&90&2-12).

""EoVXm` BX gd'' (N>mXmo.Cn.6&8&7) B`m{X.

VmX ^JdZm-$n-H$mH$V`m gd`m{n OJV nana VmXm`.g>mVw `pZ dme yVo o oZ ZmZm, oZ $noU, oZ H$Um dm g brbmH$Vw BN>{V VpZ dme yVo o VmZm$nH$Um Am{d^mdmo A ofmVw{Vamo md. B od dVw{Z Om{V`pV{d^mJ`-

""Om{V`pV{d^mJm o A` `Wm dVw{Z H$pnV''(^mJ.nwam.6&15&8).

17 18

(~mUdmXrZm JmJXeZoZ Om{V`pVg~YmZwnnmo Z Om{Vd) VWm{h-~mUdm{XH$ `{X Om{V `mX `pV Anhm` Z Ano mV.nm. o.9

nyd {gm`m `Vm nMmV {H$pMH$mbmZVa Z AmJN>oV M. Ed {ZpMVoJmJo Vg~Y` A`wV{gdm^mdmV V gdm`bjUm^mdoZAg~YXmofmV M. ~mUdmXm Om{Vd` dVw Ae`dmV. ZM JmJ`momZm^md e`mo, {ddm{Wbo gmH$ dmaUm`nm. o.10 Om{VMVw> m{XH$ drHw$dVm^dVd j{`d-VX`m`-{ddm{d`mo JZ` ~mUd-VX`m`-{ddm{d`mo nMmX AmJZ` AJrH$mamV. ZM *j{`d{Zdmm gm`pVa{n {ZdVVo, VVmo ~mUdo ``Vaod CnVo AVmo Z JZmJZXmof*

B{V dm , nyd`$`ma^H$md`d{dKQ>Z {dZm VX`pVZme` Ad`dmVamJZ{dZm `$`Vamonmo M mUey`dmV.

""Z `X BX AJo Amg, Z ^{d`X, AVmo {ZYZmX AZw{VAVam d{` {d^m{V fm EH$ago. AV Cnr`Vo{dUOm{V{dH$nnW {dVWZmo{dbmg F$V B{V Ad`pVA~wYm'' (^mJ.nwam.10&84&37).

B{V dm`m`m{n Om{Vm` {dH$nV`m {ZX}emX{n V`mAkmZH$pnVd{go ~mUdmX`mo@{n Z Om{V$nm. AVmo dUmEdlw`m{Xemmo{XVdegH$maH$d`mZw>mZ{Z>o Vmnwfo ""Jm^ hmoOmVH$ MmS>mpO{Z~YZ ~{OH$ Jm{^H$ M EZmo {OmZmAn`Vo. dm`m oZ dV hmo {doZ B``m gwV hm`k M k M~mr B` {H $`Vo VZw'' (Z w .2&27-28) B{VXodVmdoeOJwUH$d^md$nm B{V lmV V {VnmX{`Vw Amh VWm{h-~mUdm{XH$ `{X Om{V `mX `pV Anhm` Z Ano mX B`m{XZm.Z OmVw Om{Vdm{XVo {dmZo KQ>o VmX KQ>dOmVo AnJ e`, nQ>mXodm V AmJ B{V dVw Vw dm wV. ~mUmX ~m`m OmVo nwfoOZd MoV {gm ~mUVm Ab VXm AVJSw> yV Jm hmom{XgH$maVZmo ~mrH$aUoZ?

~mUdm{XdUmZmVw d{MV gH$mam^mdmX, `Wm{h ""AmfmoS>emXmqdemV M MVw{demV M dgamX ~j{dem H$mb AmnZm`{ZH$namo, AV D$d nVpV EVo gdY~{hH$Vm gm{drn{VVm dm`m''(`mk..1&2&37-38) B{V AnJ.

VWm VmXdUm}{MVXohgH$ma gH$V`m{n dH$m{ZdmhmX ""Z {V>{V` nydm ZmonmVo Vw npMm g eydX ~{hH$m gdmX {OH$U''(Zw.2&103) B{V dUmnJ.

d{MV nwZ AdH$naVm`m{n ""`mo AZYr`` {Omo doX A`Hw$Vo l g OrdZod eyd Amew JN>{V gmd`'' (Zw.2&168)B{V dUmnJ {Vnm{XV.

VWd gH$V` Za` dH$nam`U`m{n H$Xm{MX {Z{fH$mMaUo ""eyme`Z Amamo` ~mUmo m{V AYmoJqV V`m VZ` Cnm ~m`mXodhr`Vo'' (Zw.3&17) B{V ~m`hm{Z mo{VVm.

d{Mmw nwZ ""{MqV M {M{VH$m> M yn MS>mbod M n>dm XodbH$Md gdmgm Ob Am{deoX'' (~h.Zma.nwam.1&26&31) ""Z> XodbHo$Xm'' (Zw.3&180) B{V dMZmV lrXmMm Hw$bOmVmZm gdWm ewmZmnrd{dmbm^m` JdgodmZw>mZo hmnm{V`H$m[aXodbH$doZ ~m`hm`m An`Vd.`Wmdm OZVmgw dUd`mJd`mnZoZ AZHy$Q>fQ>nMmegmJrXeZmogdm`moOH$mZm VXW M AZwnZrVOZo`mo `{VJhrVUm ""MS>mbmo Om`Vo kH$aUmVey{^{jVm'' (`mk..1&5&126) B{V CVo ~m`hm`m MS>mbVdYwdm.

Edod Add`m AmOr{dH$monmOZnamUm{n ~m`m{XdUhm{Z emofw~hemo {Z${nVm VWm{h ""`mO`pV M o nyJmZ... {M{H$gH$mZ XodbH$mZmg{dH${`U VWm {dnUoZ M OrdVmo d`m w h`H$``mo''

19 20

ZM *Vnmo~boZd {dKQ>ZmJZ`mo g^d* B{V dVw wV, VWm g{V~mUmdUdm{e>{dm{o JmomVa` AmnmVmV. ZM Z VX dVw e ,""`mo amVmo XodÒZo Xod Jm{Yfw Vmngmo, "XodamV' B{V `mV ewZeo$Vw^mJd'' (^mJ.nwam.9&16&32) B{V ~mU{ddm{nwmUm Jm{YJmodH$WZ`,""Ed H$m{eH$Jmo VX ddm{ nWH$ H$V damVa AmnZ V{ MdH$pnV'' (^mJ.nwam.9&16&37) B{V H$m{eH$JmodH$WZ` M {damoYmnmo.~mU{ddm{` Jm{YJmodm{XH$ {dZm Vnwofw VXJmod` dVwAe`dmV. AV nyd`pV{Zd`mXo Amm{UH$dmV j{`d~mUd`moaodJmJ^mdm Ad dV`m. nm. o.11 "" o YwN>Xgmo o>m Hw$eb o{Zao ZVX AenV VmZ w{Z Hw$mo boN>m dV XwOZm'' (^mJ.nwam.9&16&33)B{V nMmeVmZm `m`gm emnoZ boN>dH$WZmV M. VmX AgJVd EfmH$nZm.

(Zw.3&151-152) B{V {Z{fd`m dUmnJ. AVEd lrX mJdVo""d`m d^mdH$V`m dVmZ dH$H$V {hdm d^mdO H$ eZ{ZJwUVm B`mV... `` `X bjU moV nwgmo dUm{^ÒH$ `XA`m{n oV VV VoZd {d{Z{XeoV'' (^mJ.nwam.7&11&32-35) B{VdMZmX {dewmVm{nVH$~mU`m{n AWm}nmOZmW Add`m ^JdXmamYZo{h X odbH$bjUmH $ m Vd . V oZM `m MS > mbm onme w {M gmVm~rOhoVwH$Vm{d{ZX}eo hoVw.

ZM *Ed ~h{^ hoVw{^ {Z$`mUmo ~mUdmnJEd. ZM EVmdVmdU~mh ofw ~mUdm{XdUmJmo dVw wV* B{V `dWmV , ""eym`m~mUmX OmV lo`gm MoV Om`Vo Alo`mZ lo`gt OmqV JN>{VAmgVmX `wJmV. eymo ~mUVm E{V ~mU M E{V eyVm...AZm`m m gwnZmo ~mUmmw `N>`m ~m`m{n AZm`mmw d B{VMoX ^doX, OmVmo Zm`m AZm`m m Am`mX Am`m} ^doX JwU OmVmo@{nAZm`mX Am`m`m AZm` B{V {ZM`'' (Zw.10&64-67) B{VAnJdX dUmJmo@{n {Vnm{XVEd. V {H$pMX Ame` {ZamHw$dpV ZMVnmo~boZd {dKQ>ZmJZ...

B{V. `X Bh YXrnH$ma-

""1dVwVVw {ddm{`m{n ~{fdod mV Z~mUOm{V... 2hfuUm ^mdgYrMrZgH$n{deofmo@{nOm{Vn[adVZo n`mVEd... 3Z{h d`{n gH$ma{deof ~m Om`Vo B{V dXm {H$Vw {dmZ ~m` A{^``Vo B{V.{dmZ`mo`Vm{^ÒH$od Ibw gH$maH$ ^d{V. AVEdKfUm{XH$ AmXe` "gH$maH$' B{V `nXoe... A A {ZH$f : 4OmoU ~m H$UmVw dUd B{V. AVw dm5j{`mUm A~arfmXrZm JJm{XgH$n{deofoU ~mÀmgrX B{V. Z{h VmdVm AXm{XgH$n{deofoU Om{Vn[adVZg^d{V. EVoZ "`dr`mg EH$mer{V Om`Vo`m {nVwAmXoeH$am ~mUm ~^ydw'' B{V F$f^`mo{JnwmUm H$Um~m`{VnmXH$ lrX^mJdVdm`{n `m`mV,^Jd{XN>m`m An`Zw`mo`dmV... 6^>mMmamUm{n {dmUmZ Om{Vn[adVZoZ dVwJ`m eyd {H$Vw npVXyfH$dm{XH$odJ`Vo. eygd M A ~mo{YV AH$H$m{YH$mam{XZm{nAZwgYo '' (Y..Om{VVdH$meo n.67-116).

B{V `X C>{H$V VX Z wV. Hw$V? B{V MoX A 1{ddm{mXo Z~mUd {H$Vw ~{fd B{V `V H$`Vo VV H$` hoVmo? OZm{g` {dnarVJwUH${^ {dbmonmg^dmX B{V MoV VXm ""eZH$Vw{H$`mbmonmX Bm j{ÒmV` dfbd JVm bmoHo$ ~mUmXeZoZ M.nmS>H$m MmS>{dS>m H$m~moOm `dZm eH$m nmaXm nbdm MrZm{H$amVm XaXm Iem, wI~mh$nOmZm `m bmoHo$ OmV`mo ~{h boN>mM Am`dmM M'' (Zw.10&43-45) B{V ~mhOmVmZm dfbmZmnmS>H$m{XIemVmZm{n dUm m {^gV. VVmo 6 >mMmamUm{n EVofm j{`mUmZ Om{Vn[adVZoZ dVwJ`m

21 22

dUmngXd {H$Vw npVXyfH$dm{XH$od ^dVw. ^dVw M Efm{n Ho$dbjmH$mZ{YH$ma. B>mnmmVw dm`m`pMmoZ ""Vofm BN>Vm m`pMmmXedfm{U {dH$ ~M` MaoX AW CnZ`Z VV CXH$monneZnmdm`m{X{^'' (Amn.Y.gy.1&1&6) B{V gymon{X>oZ EVmgm{n OmVrZmnwZgJho ~mYm^mdmn{m. Zm{n Bhm{n B>mn{m e`H$nZm, `mX EdVwH$Ud Om{VdmX AmnoVo{V K>Hw$Q>m ^mV gOm oV.

{H$M 2""hfuUm ^mdgYrMrZgH$n{deofm o@{nOm{Vn[adVZo n`mVEd'' hoVw B{V `X CV Vm{n BX {d{e` AdJV `X EVod{n H${VMZm eXmwnoVm gmjmH$VYXodm `{X w VXmVofm{n gH$nmV VXZwJm{Zm nmn{ZagZ M Hw$Vmo Z g^doV? Z{hAZVH$mo{Q>~mS>m{Yn{V naodamo dUmngXmZ drò{eV`mZ Z ZwVo.AW dr o{eV`do@{n EVofm dU eH$aH$Umo Anam{YZEd ZwVo MoV VXmd AnJV V` X`mbwd. g`mVw X`m`m ^maVXoe^dmZ dm`mZ `Wmm`pMVoZ gZmo ydm Ca{V VWm EVmZ{n dfbmZ {H${{V ZmoaoV? ZM*CaUmZwaUo {h VgH$nOo V Ho$ d` damH$m VmH$gm`m^mdo@{ndfbmomagH$no mX amUm?* B{V dm , Z{h VmH$ gdm}magm Amgw Ho$fwMZ dVVB{V AhH$` d{VV {H$wV ""AW H$mX C`Vo"^JdmZ hoda'? `mX ^VmZ kmZoZ Ô{V AZwJUm{V M, dmMggO{V, {dgO{V M gdmZ ^mdmZ... AmkmZoZ `moJoZ Eod }U h{Vhr`Vo. VmX C`Vo "^JdmZ hoda''' (AWd{e.Cn.4) B{Vlw{Vdm`mV ""ò `Wm m nVo VmZ VWd Ôm{ Ah'' B{V^JdXJrVmdm`mV M Ame An{V{^ n[aH$pnVmo ` emme` VoZnaoda{Z>` {ZaHw$e` dme yVOrdmomagm ` AnmohZVw A`mòd.

A{nM 3gH$ma{deof ~m` Z Om`Vo {H$Vw {dmZ ~mÀ{^``Vo B{V. {dmZ`mo`Vm{^ÒH$od Ibw gH$maH$ ^d{V'' B{V

`X CV VX{n Z grMrZ, ""~{OH$ Jm{^H$ M EZmo {OmZmCn`Vo'' (Zw.2&27) B{V dMZmV J^mYmZnw gdZgH$ma`mo

~{OH$Jm{ H$`moa{n EZgmo XyarH$aUoZd ewmYm`H$d Z nwZ ~rOJ mo{dmZm`m ewoaod A{^ÒH$d.

Mm{n CV 4OmoU ~m H$UmVw dUd'' B{V Vmw ""CnmXH$-~Xmmo Jar`mZ ~X {nVm. ~O {h {d` o` M Bh MemdV. AmMm`Vw A` `m OmqV {d{YdX doXnmaJ CnmX`{Vgm{d`m gm g`m gm AOam Aam'' (Zw.1&146-148) B odm{XdMZofw"~j{dQ>ey'nXmZm "MVwdU'nX` Mo{V C^`mo EH$mWgmmZm{YH$a`mXZ ~h AmXaUr ^d{V.

`X{n 5""j{`mUm ZnmUm F$`m{XgH$n{deofoU ~m` AmgrX B{V.Z{h VmdVm AXm{XgH$n{deofoU Om{Vn[adVZ g^d{V'' B{V CV Vmw""`mo AZYr` {Omo doX A` Hw$Vo l g OrdZod eyd AmewJN>{V gmd`'' (Zw.2&168) B{V, ""eym e`Z Amamo` ~mUmo`m{V AYmoJqV V`m VZ` Cnm ~m`mXod hr`Vo'' (Zw.3&17)B{V M dMZm`m dgH$pnVXwdm dUmnJ` CVdoZ V `Wm ZF$`m{XemnmXoaod hoVwVm VWm dUmJo@{n Z Vofm gH$nmXoaod hoVwVm.

VmV ybJWmonX{eV{Xe`m {ddm{mwXmhaUo dU mo JmJm Vnmo~boZ`mVm. {gmZm wZrZm XodmZm dm emnmZwJhm`m dm Vm ^dVm. AWdmH$ngyYgy`mwVgH$maVX^md dm dH$d{mn[anmbZmdH$d{m`mdm Vm ^dVm. AmhmopdX BVaa{n {ZpXVm{ZpXVdm JmJm Omò`mVm`WmH$WpMX{n gmZm`m `Vm dUmZm JmnJm gdWm CnnZmdod V ZH$m{MV eH$m. VmV Z dU gmZ$ngdmpH$m Om{V Zm{n{Z`m{Z`mZoH$`m{Xd{VZr {Z`gmm`$nm dm Om{V ^{dVw eZmo{V. AVmo

*ZZw H$mbH$V` {Z`b`` nwamUo@{n AJrH$maoU {VjU `$`Va`mU{gdmX Am{n `$`VamJrH$mao H$mo Xmof?* dm (?B{V MoV) VAdWmôXoZ `$`Vado@{n Ad`dgVmZH$` EH$OmVr`doZ "gmo@`'

23 24

B`m{X`{^km`mnm.ô.12 EH$dkmZ` M Cnn`m Xmofm^mdmV. H$VoMj{`d{d~ mUdm JrH$ ma oU Ad`dgVmZ`m{n d Om` o`{^km^mdH$dkmZm^md`mo Amnmoaod XmofdmV. {XM Am{n Zw`dm{XZmHo$Z{MX Y}U Ad`dgVmZgmOm` AJrH$` `{^km{XH$ CnnmVoVXmVw {Z`b`dX ~m`mdWmm {^Vonm. o.13 ZVw A`{X{V gmH$`m mdmoXwnnmXEd B{V gyo{jH$`m {d^mdZr`.

{Z`b`hoVw yVH$mbH$V`m ``VaH$nZ`m{n ~mUdmXrZm Om{VdCnnmX{`Vw Z e`{{V eH$m {Zag`V Amh ZZw H$mbH$V` B`m{XZm.ZM *{dd{`mg^do {{dY ~ m` AJrH$V ` : EH$ A>O`VmdN>oXH$ gd~mUgmYmaU, VoZ ~mUmX ~m`m AOmVmZm{ngJ h. AnaM ~mUdmdpN>ZOZH$Vm{Z${nVO`VmdN> oXH$A>{deofO {ZpIb~mU{nVH$~mUgmYmaU. Ed j{`d``moa{n ko .VoZ gmm`{deofm`Vam>O o gd~mUmZwJVgmm o ~mUdo {go g{V~mUdOm{Vaod "~mU'nXd{m{Z{mV`m Amlr oV. A`Wm CnmYrZm~hdmX "~mU'nXd{m{Z{mm^mdgJmn`m H$nZmJmadXmofmo@{n* B{VAmjoV`, lw`mw{XV`km{XYmdbVmZm nXmWmZm nm[a^m{fH$V`memr`n[a^mfmZwHy$bod nXd{m{Z{m Ado>`. A`Wm lmVmpZ-mVmpZ-hmZgmpZ-emZm`wXmhaUod{n bmKd{dMmamJhoU EH$pZodH$ppMV nXd{m{Z{mo H$`mZo Jmo`nm`g`m oZ AnXmWEd Ad^m`mV.AVEd `mkd`mo@{n Amh ""~j{`{dQ>eym dUmVw, Amm `mo{Om, {ZfoH$m{XemZmVm Vofm d V {H$`m'' (`mk..1&2&10)B{V. ZM Bh ~j{`{dfm Om{VVmo {ZfoH$m{XemZmVm {H$`m Cn{X>m wV ""mVw `X AJo Om`Vo {Vr mpO~YZo ~mUj{`{deVmX EVo {OmV`'' (`mk..1&2&39) B{V n[a^mf`m CnZ`ZgH$mam{X{^{Od CXKw>. EVoZ gH$`m {h {H$``m gH$mamYmZo {OVm ^d{V B{VH$nZm wVm. AVmo {Odo `mUm nXd{m{Z{m{n nm[a^m{f-

H$od n[aH$nZr`. ZM *gH${H$``m gH$mamYmZoZ OmVdmV m yX{Od OZm ~mUdmX`Vw VWd AJrH$m`m, MVwUm{n Vofm ""Mdmamo

dUm ~mUj{`dèym'' (Amn.Y.gy.1&1&4) B{V ghd n[aJUZmX,""EH$`moJ{Z{X>mZm gh dm d{m gh dm {Zd{m'' (nm{U.n[a.17) B{V`mòZ eyd` OZm A`wnJVV`m VoZ gh {Z{X>mZm {e>mZm ~mUdmXrZm{n OZd AJrH$mamo wV* B{V V , ""~mU j{`mod` `mo dUm {OmV` MVwW EH$Om{VVw ey'' (Zw.10&4) B{V {VdMZ o MV wf w dU } d od {Om` oH $Om`m o {d^` dU ZmX "EH${Z`moJ{Z{X>'`m`` A AgMmamV.

{H$M newn`m{Xfw {h Ad yamXrZm `m H$mMZ AdmVaOmV`mo ^dpVV rnw gmo gmZOmVr`Vm >m. VWm ZwÒm`dmVa^yVm MoX~mUdm{X{OOmV` VXm Vm{â{n rnwgmo gmZOmVr`V`m ^{dV`.AW Edod Vm ^dpV MoX ""ApH$mVw H$m`m B` rUm AmdXAeofV gH$mamW eara`'',""ZmpV rUm {H$`m B{VY`dpW{V'' (Zw.2&66,9&18) B odm{XdMZofw eydX {OH$`mZmgH$mamo AH$ Hw$V? AW B {OdOm{V pgmYmaUm Z ^d{V MoX""ddm{hH$mo {d{Y rUm gH$mamo d{XH$ V'' (Zw.2&67) B{Vdm o {ddmhgH$mamo {h nwZ gH$ Hw$V? VoZVoZ km`Vo `X ~mUdmX`modUm Z OmV`. Zm{n O{gm {H$Vw YemmoVn[a^mfm{lVmnm[a^m{fH$mEd. ""ddm{hH$mo {d{Y rUm gH$mamo d{XH$ V''(Zw.2&67) B{V dMZoZ `km{XH$gw ^Vgh^md` A{YH$mabmô@{n~mUdm^mdmXod Z ~h`mgmo ~mUrdYB{V Z V hmnmVH$Vm. VX`Wm ~mUdYo ""~ h`m... nmVH$m{Z Amh g`moJ M V gh''(Zw.11&45) B{V; AW EVXdnar oZ ~mUrdYoVw ""AH$mV p hdm ~mUt d`dV MaoV, H$mVmo {JwU moV, Xw>m`m Z {H$MZ''(m`. y.nmn oXm) B{V VmaV`monb^mX{n Z ~mUdmX`mo OmV`. VXC`Vo ""{MH$ `Wm AZoH$ aJ Cr`Vo eZ ~m`{n VXdX{h gH$ma nydH$'' (nam..8&27) B{V.

*ZZw V{h mVm JmJm. VWm g{V gmH$ ` A~mYH$dmV gw{g VofmOm{Vd* B{V MoV, Z, ZdH$Yo ""JmYoa A yX hmVoOm g{BdnmdH$ Vngm jm Cg` `mo bo o ~dMg'' (^mJ.nwam.9&16&28)

25 26

B` Vngm j{`dmogJ` ~mUdmVo M CVdoZ VXJmJ`momm{UH$dmV.

gmZm`m {h `Vm ~mUdmXrZm JmJm`m gmH$ ` Om{V~mYH$dJmJm^mdoVw ~m`mXrZm Om{Vdo Z ~mYH$ {H${n B{V Ame` n[ahapVZZw V{h mVm JmJm... B{V MoV, Z B`m{XZm. V{h B{V EH$pZod{ddm{earao ``m Ibw earamdWm`m j{`d Z V`m ~mUd ``mVwnwZ ~mUd Z V`m j{`d{{V AW. VVM Z gmH$ XmofB{V VmoVmAmeH$m {ZamHw$dpV ZdH$Y o B`ma` Vngm j{`dmogJ`~mUdmVo M CVdoZ VXJmJ`mo mm{UH$dmX B`V `mdV.

EVoZ YXrnH$ma *{ddm{o Z j{`dOm`nJ{V Zm{n ~mUdmJ{V{H$Vw ~{fVmgn{maod Ho$dbm* B{V CV VX{n ^mJdVmoVjmmogJ}Z M{d. ""{ddm{mo@{n Ymm bdm ~m` Cm''(dm.am.~mb.65&26) B` drH$V~m`bm oZ {dm`m M ~mUdmgnmmdU~mh VmgVo Xwn[ahadmV. Zm{n V` dU~mh d g^d{V, {dod{n{OdmYm`H$Jm`r` ""Vg{dVw dao ^Jm} Xod` Yrhr {Y`mo `moZ MmoX`mV'' (F$g{h.3&62&10) B`` {ddm{oUd >dmV. VXCV em ZH o $Z ""{ddm{oU Vm m oVm'' B{V CnH$`""nmUgm{dgm`m M'' (emZ.~h.Xod.4&118-125)B{V. VmX `{XVngm {ddm{o ~{fdgn{ma od ZVw ~mUdgn{m VXm""{ddm{nwVw... "XodamV'Zmm A^dV. VVM A o YwN>Xmo...VofmM ~h{Z H$m{eH$Jmom{U F$`Vaofw {ddmh`m{Z A^dZ''({dUwnwam.4&7&37-39) B{V CpV ~m{YVm `mX. Ho$db~{fdgnmm~mUdm^mdo {h ~mUd{Ufw F${ffw VXJmoOmZm {ddmho ""gdU}` gdUmgwOm`Vo {h gOmV`'' B{V `mkd`mopV~mYnwaga ""rfw AZVaOmVmgw{O Cnm{XVmZ gwVmZ gemZod VmZ Amh

""eym e`Z Amamo` ~mUmo `m{V AKmoJqV V`m VZ` Cnm~m`mXod hr`Vo'' (Zw..3&70) B{V dm o@{n ~m`hm{ZH$WZmV M.ZM *V J^mYmZo dr $nmehm`mnm. o.14 aoVgoVw `$`VadmV nyd`pVZmeoZVgmZH$mbod ~mUdmnJmX Z `pVgX mdo VXnJB{V V` AnJ`

Z Om{Vd~mYH$d* B{V dm , VWmg{V aoVgoVw `h {^ZdmV `hCnZ`Zmnmo,nm.ô.15 KQ>KQ>dm{Xg~YdV eara~mUd`mo g~Y`dm^m{dH$dm^mdmV. A`Wm CnZ`Z` d `mnmo, ""Xe A`m nwmZAmYo{h n{V EH$mXe H${Y'' (F$g{h.10&85&45) B{V EH${dlw{V{damoYoZVmemonJ`nm.ô.16 A`moOH$dmV M. *ZZw ""BV D$d nVpV EVogdY~{hH$Vm gm{drn{VVm dm`m'' (`mk..2&38) B`mXm~mUH$mZ{YH$ma d ``mV H$Vo@{n ~mUH$m{YH$mamX hr`Vo B odAWm} ZVw ~m`hm{Znm. o.17 * B{V MoV,

mVXmof{dJ{hVmZ'' (Zw.10&6) B{V ZyV ~mUgmòd `mXZVw ~mUd. {H$M ""~m gZwmV {ddm{m{X{^ Zn''(~m.nwam.2&3&66&77) B{V ~m`mdmpV H$R>moVm ly`Vo. VWdhm^maVo@{n ""g Jdm Vngm {gq bmoH$mZ {d>` VoOgm VVmn gdmZbmoH$mZ M ~mUd Admn h. A{n~V M gwV gmo BoU gh H$m{eH$Eddr Vw amO{fa {d{f g~ yd h'' (hm^m.1&173&80-81) B{V n>CboImX AH$moZm{n gmd`` {ddm{` ~mUdUm} A wnoV`. VWm`mH$mo@{n Amh ""{ddm{ F${f gwXmg nOdZ` nwamo{hVmo ~ yd''({Z.{ZK.2&7&24) B{V. nmamo{h`M ""A`mnZ A``Z ÒZ `mOZVWm XmZ {VJh Md fQ>H$m{U AJOZ... `mo Ym {ZdVVo~ mUmV j{` {V A`mnZ `mOZ M VVr` {VJh''(Zw.10&75-77) B{V ~mU d AZwkmV. VM ~mU{nm ~m`mAgyVoZ {ddm{oU Vngm ~m` gmgm AZw{>V MoV VX{n w o~m o mU. VnwZ ~mUd` Om{Vdo AZwnnZ gZ V` XodVmdoedomU B{V Ame oZ Amh KQ>KQ>dm{Xg~YdV eara~mUd`mo g~Y`Z,bjUmnmo.

*ZZw ""JwUdMZ~mUm{X` H${U M'' (nm{U.gy.5&1&124) B{VgyoU H$`{n "`m'{dYmZmX Z A bjUm* B{V MoV, g , VWm{n mdnjo$T>oa{n gdmX d{mJwòZ ~mYH$m^mdo ^mdmWJhU`d Am{M`mV. ZM*hm{ZH$WZod ~mYH$* B{V dm , V` Om{V~mYH$doZ ^mdm~mYH$dmV.ZM Om{Vaod ^md B{V `wV, AmH$medmXm `{^MmamV. AVmo A

27 28

VH$m{YH$magnmXH$mo YEd ^mddoZ Jmh`mo, Om{Vd~mYH$mZm nydCnm{XVdmX B{V.

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