Aviation Safety Policy Formation by Paul Miller European Air Safety Seminar improving a global approach to safety in Europe March 10-12, 2008 Bucharest,

Aviation Safety Aviation Safety Policy FormationPolicy Formation

by Paul Millerby Paul Miller

European Air Safety SeminarEuropean Air Safety Seminarimproving a global approach to safety improving a global approach to safety

in Europein EuropeMarch 10-12, 2008March 10-12, 2008

Bucharest, RomaniaBucharest, Romania

IPA-UPS Safety Forum, EASS 2008IPA-UPS Safety Forum, EASS 2008

Aviation Safety Aviation Safety Policy Policy FormationFormation

















European Air Safety SeminarEuropean Air Safety Seminarimproving a global approach to safetyimproving a global approach to safety










European Air Safety SeminarEuropean Air Safety Seminar

improving aimproving a globalglobal approach to approach to safety in Europesafety in Europe

March 10-12, 2008March 10-12, 2008


Aviation Safety Policy Aviation Safety Policy FormationFormation

1.1. Key Elements of PolicyKey Elements of Policy

2.2. Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy

3.3. Differentiation from other PolicyDifferentiation from other Policy

4.4. Different Levels of Aviation Safety PolicyDifferent Levels of Aviation Safety Policy

5.5. Aviation Safety Policy ExamplesAviation Safety Policy Examples

6.6. Process of FormationProcess of Formation

Key Elements of PolicyKey Elements of Policy

• Source of Source of Great DetailGreat Detail for Standard for Standard Operating ProceduresOperating Procedures



• It is all about compensating for ?It is all about compensating for ?



• It is all about compensating for It is all about compensating for Human ErrorHuman Error


• Formed in Formed in Great DetailGreat Detail

–Clear guidance for SOPClear guidance for SOP

–Exact goalsExact goals

–All requirementsAll requirements

–Limits for proceduresLimits for procedures


• Created Created LocallyLocally

–Tailored by the company Tailored by the company

–for own current operationsfor own current operations


• Created Created LocallyLocally

–What's happening here?What's happening here?


• Current & up-to-dateCurrent & up-to-date

–Latest Latest TechnologyTechnology

–Industry Industry ProceduralProcedural Innovations Innovations

–Human FactorsHuman Factors studies studies


• Current & up-to-dateCurrent & up-to-date

–What's Happening Now?What's Happening Now?


• Continuous ProcessContinuous Process

–New Operational ChangesNew Operational Changes

–New PersonnelNew Personnel

–New EnvironmentNew Environment

–New CompetitionNew Competition

–New RegulationsNew Regulations


• Continuous ProcessContinuous Process

–Are we Coupled?Are we Coupled?


• Created Created JointlyJointly

–Representative of professional Representative of professional groupsgroups

–FAA Regulators, InspectorsFAA Regulators, Inspectors

–CAACAA

–Others?Others?


• Joint supportJoint support from all other leaders from all other leaders

–All segments enrich agreement All segments enrich agreement from each parties position of from each parties position of strengthstrength


• JointJoint

–Are we working together?Are we working together?


• CoordinatedCoordinated functions functions

–same "same "marching ordersmarching orders""

• Mutually supportive, additiveMutually supportive, additive

• Eliminate conflicting directions Eliminate conflicting directions between groupsbetween groups


• CoordinatedCoordinated

Are we all pulling in the same Are we all pulling in the same direction?direction?


• ClearClear communications communications

–From the TopFrom the Top

–Actions match wordsActions match words

Not just for Public Relations "PR"Not just for Public Relations "PR"


• ClearClear communications Logic: communications Logic:

Say what you Do and Do what you Say what you Do and Do what you Say? Say?


• Widely communicatedWidely communicated to all segments to all segments

–Every available company mediaEvery available company media

–Leave no media unexploitedLeave no media unexploited

– Internet, neck lanyards, stickers, Internet, neck lanyards, stickers, email bulletins, newspapers, email bulletins, newspapers, monthly magazines, daily news monthly magazines, daily news podcasts, signs, handoutspodcasts, signs, handouts


• Widely communicatedWidely communicated

Is the message reaching everyone?Is the message reaching everyone?


• Why so many questions?Why so many questions?



• Policy answers come from Policy answers come from continually asking these questions.continually asking these questions.



• Policy answers come from Policy answers come from continually askingcontinually asking these questions. these questions.



• Aviation Safety Policy Formation is Aviation Safety Policy Formation is a very individual process.a very individual process.



Why?Why?



Why?Why?

• Each Company:Each Company:–Knows what is best for businessKnows what is best for business

– Is accountable for people & assetsIs accountable for people & assets




3.3. Differentiation from other policiesDifferentiation from other policies

4.4. Different Levels of PolicyDifferent Levels of Policy






3.3. Differentiation from other policiesDifferentiation from other policies

4.4. Different Levels of PolicyDifferent Levels of Policy



Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy

• PreventionPrevention

• Human FactorsHuman Factors

• Reporting & InvestigatingReporting & Investigating

• Fixing the problemFixing the problem

• CommunicatingCommunicating

• Looking ForwardLooking Forward









• PreventionPrevention• How can we prevent tragic disaster How can we prevent tragic disaster

from occurring?from occurring?• Are disasters related to hazards?Are disasters related to hazards?• How can we identify hazards?How can we identify hazards?• How can we fix the hazard to keep the How can we fix the hazard to keep the

disaster from happening?disaster from happening?


• PreventionPrevention• By responsiveness By responsiveness • By resolution of hazardsBy resolution of hazards• Not just documentation of problemsNot just documentation of problems• You have to do something to fix the You have to do something to fix the

hazard or the hazard will cause an hazard or the hazard will cause an event, an incident and eventually a event, an incident and eventually a grand mishapgrand mishap



• Human ErrorHuman Error


• Fixing the ProblemFixing the Problem





• Human ErrorHuman Error






• Human ErrorHuman Error• Safety QuestionSafety Question: : Is NotIs Not whether the whether the

engine failed or transponder engine failed or transponder malfunctioned, butmalfunctioned, but

• To whose human error can we find To whose human error can we find actions causing the engine failure or actions causing the engine failure or transponder malfunction?transponder malfunction?



engine engine failedfailed or transponder or transponder malfunctionedmalfunctioned, but, but

• To whose human error can we find To whose human error can we find actions causing the engine failure or actions causing the engine failure or transponder malfunction?transponder malfunction?



engine failed or transponder engine failed or transponder malfunctioned, malfunctioned, butbut

• To whose To whose human errorhuman error can we find can we find actions causing the engine failure or actions causing the engine failure or transponder malfunction?transponder malfunction?


• Human ErrorHuman Error• Unless we correct that human error, that Unless we correct that human error, that

mishap cause, that mishap hazard, how mishap cause, that mishap hazard, how can we ever fix the problem?can we ever fix the problem?

• How can we ever keep the problem How can we ever keep the problem from happening again?from happening again?


• Human ErrorHuman Error• It is not about the machineIt is not about the machine• It is about the humans who It is about the humans who

manufacture, operate, control, maintain, manufacture, operate, control, maintain, regulate and train regulate and train

• Aviation Safety Policy is all about Aviation Safety Policy is all about Humans: The Humans: The Human FactorsHuman Factors

Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy• Human FactorsHuman Factors: every imaginable sort: every imaginable sort• Man-machine interfaceMan-machine interface• Verbal crew CommunicationsVerbal crew Communications• Radio Communications mix-upsRadio Communications mix-ups• Cultural MisinterpretationCultural Misinterpretation• FatigueFatigue• Lack of trainingLack of training• Lack of situational awarenessLack of situational awareness• Employing wrong procedureEmploying wrong procedure


• Human Factors is all about? Human Factors is all about?


• Human Factors is all about? Human Factors is all about? • Human ErrorsHuman Errors• The mistakes we all makeThe mistakes we all make• Human factors is the study of human Human factors is the study of human

errorerror


• Human Factors is all about? Human Factors is all about? • Human Factors is the study of Human Human Factors is the study of Human

ErrorError• Safety Policy is all about Human Safety Policy is all about Human

FactorsFactors


• Human Factors is all about? Human Factors is all about? • Human Factors is the study of Human Human Factors is the study of Human

ErrorError• Safety Policy is all about Human Safety Policy is all about Human

FactorsFactors• Policy created by human for humansPolicy created by human for humans


• Human Factors is all about? Human Factors is all about? • Human Factors is the study of Human Factors is the study of

Human ErrorHuman Error• Safety Policy is all about Human Safety Policy is all about Human

FactorsFactors• Policy created by human for humansPolicy created by human for humans• We all make mistakesWe all make mistakes


• We all make mistakesWe all make mistakes• But working together we can correctBut working together we can correct• Policy has to reflect working togetherPolicy has to reflect working together• Policy requires collaboration of ideas to Policy requires collaboration of ideas to

form form • Policy drives collaboration in Policy drives collaboration in

proceduresprocedures


• We all make mistakesWe all make mistakes• But working together we can correct for But working together we can correct for

human factorshuman factors

















• Who reports?Who reports?

• What format?What format?



• Who is accountable?Who is accountable?

• What is wrong?What is wrong?

• When?When?

• Where?Where?

• How?How?

• Why?Why?


• Reporting examples:Reporting examples:

• ASAPASAP

• Safety Event ReportsSafety Event Reports

• FOQAFOQA

• Any other safety related event, including Any other safety related event, including ground support equipment opsground support equipment ops


• Reporting examples:Reporting examples:

• ASAP-ASAP-HumanHuman FactorsFactors

• Safety Event Reports-Safety Event Reports-Procedural Procedural glitchesglitches

• FOQA, but forFOQA, but for trends trends, not individual , not individual oversightoversight

• Safety Reports for other Safety Reports for other hazardshazards


• ReportingReporting

• Other Safety ReportsOther Safety Reports

• MaintenanceMaintenance

• TrainingTraining

• Drive SafeDrive Safe

– SeatbeltsSeatbelts

– Drunk drivingDrunk driving


• InvestigatingInvestigating

• Dig past the report, injury, burnt out Dig past the report, injury, burnt out engine, broken tail or smoking holeengine, broken tail or smoking hole

• Keep Digging until Human Factors are Keep Digging until Human Factors are found which caused the hazard, which found which caused the hazard, which caused the event, incident or mishapcaused the event, incident or mishap


• Investigating hazardsInvestigating hazards


• Keep Digging until Human Factors are Keep Digging until Human Factors are found which caused the hazard, which found which caused the hazard, which caused the event, incident or mishapcaused the event, incident or mishap


• Investigating hazards for Investigating hazards for


• Keep Digging until Keep Digging until Human FactorsHuman Factors are are found which caused the hazard, which found which caused the hazard, which caused the event, incident or mishapcaused the event, incident or mishap


• Investigating hazards for humanInvestigating hazards for human


• Keep Digging until Keep Digging until Human FactorsHuman Factors are are found which found which caused the hazardcaused the hazard, which , which caused the event, incident or mishapcaused the event, incident or mishap


• InvestigatingInvestigating hazardshazards forfor human factorshuman factors


• Keep Digging until Keep Digging until Human FactorsHuman Factors are are found which found which caused the hazardcaused the hazard, which , which caused the event, incident or mishapcaused the event, incident or mishap



• Is it a training error?Is it a training error?

• Is it a supervision error?Is it a supervision error?

• Is it a procedures error?Is it a procedures error?

• Is it fatigue?Is it fatigue?

• Is it a technology failure?Is it a technology failure?



• Is it a design flaw?Is it a design flaw?

• Is it a materials flaw?Is it a materials flaw?

• Is it a maintenance flaw?Is it a maintenance flaw?

• Is it an engineering flaw?Is it an engineering flaw?

• Is it an installation flaw?Is it an installation flaw?



• Is it a mechanical failure? Is it a mechanical failure?

• Is it a management error?Is it a management error?

• Is it a cultural factor?Is it a cultural factor?

• Is it an unknown flaw?Is it an unknown flaw?

• Is it a safety program error?Is it a safety program error?



• Is something out of date?Is something out of date?

• Is something not current?Is something not current?

• Is something not applicable locally?Is something not applicable locally?

• Is there enough detail in the procedure?Is there enough detail in the procedure?

• Is this a policy failure?Is this a policy failure?


















• Fixing the Problem = Fixing the HazardFixing the Problem = Fixing the Hazard


• Fix the Problem = Fix the HazardFix the Problem = Fix the Hazard• Stick with the problemStick with the problem


• Fix the Problem = Fix the HazardFix the Problem = Fix the Hazard• Stick with the problemStick with the problem• Don’t get distracted by coincidental Don’t get distracted by coincidental

eventsevents


• Fix the Problem = Fix the HazardFix the Problem = Fix the Hazard• Stick with the problemStick with the problem• Don’t get distracted by coincidental Don’t get distracted by coincidental

eventsevents• Until & unless the hazard is resolved, Until & unless the hazard is resolved,

the problem will reoccur at another the problem will reoccur at another place at another time, possibly with place at another time, possibly with more dire consequences. more dire consequences.


• Safety is achieved when the hazard is Safety is achieved when the hazard is resolvedresolved

• Fixing the Hazard = Fixes the ProblemFixing the Hazard = Fixes the Problem


• Fix the Problem Fix the Problem = = Fix the HazardFix the Hazard

• Immediate ResponseImmediate Response• Interim RemediationInterim Remediation

• Long term ResolutionLong term Resolution


• Immediate Response: PracticalImmediate Response: Practical– Right here, right now, hands onRight here, right now, hands on– Before the next operationBefore the next operation– Keep the operation on-schedule, but take Keep the operation on-schedule, but take

practical steps to complete it safelypractical steps to complete it safely

– PracticalPractical



• Immediate ResponseImmediate Response

• Interim RemediationInterim Remediation• Long term ResolutionLong term Resolution


• Interim Remediation: ProceduralInterim Remediation: Procedural– Fix the procedures to adjust operationFix the procedures to adjust operation– Fix the sources of Human ErrorFix the sources of Human Error

– Procedural Procedural SOP SOP


• Interim RemediationInterim Remediation– Fix the sources of Human ErrorFix the sources of Human Error

• Training ReviewTraining Review• Safety Bulletin to enhance communicationSafety Bulletin to enhance communication

– Fix the Official procedures to adjust Fix the Official procedures to adjust operationoperation• SOP by a Procedures BulletinSOP by a Procedures Bulletin• Flight Release NotamFlight Release Notam



• Immediate ResponseImmediate Response

• Interim RemediationInterim Remediation

• Long term ResolutionLong term Resolution

Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy• Long term Resolution: PolicyLong term Resolution: Policy

– Review Operations Policy Review Operations Policy

– Local, Joint Policy ChangeLocal, Joint Policy Change

– Update Training PolicyUpdate Training Policy

– Update SOPUpdate SOP

– Swift CommunicationsSwift Communications













• CommunicatingCommunicating• Looking ForwardLooking Forward



Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy• CommunicatingCommunicating

– WithWith Flight Crew Flight Crew

• ASAP, FOQA, e-data, web-data, print ASAP, FOQA, e-data, web-data, print mediamedia

– ForFor Flight CrewFlight Crew

• Advocacy of New Good IdeasAdvocacy of New Good Ideas• Needed Regulation Policy reformsNeeded Regulation Policy reforms• Change SOP, LawsChange SOP, Laws


















• Looking ForwardLooking Forward– Flight Safety Hazard ForecastFlight Safety Hazard Forecast

– Annual Safety PlanAnnual Safety Plan



• CurrentCurrent

• All available information All available information

• Joint SourcesJoint Sources

• What are local risks?What are local risks?

• What else is out there?What else is out there?




Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy• Looking ForwardLooking Forward


• Action based, rapid responseAction based, rapid response

• Address the RisksAddress the Risks

• Find and Fix the HazardsFind and Fix the Hazards

• Leave no stone unturnedLeave no stone unturned

• Apply all available resourcesApply all available resources

• MAXIMUM EffortMAXIMUM Effort


• Looking ForwardLooking Forward– Hazard ForecastHazard Forecast– Annual Safety PlanAnnual Safety Plan

• Learn from PastLearn from Past– Look to FutureLook to Future

– Continual change, update, innovation, Continual change, update, innovation, study, reform, modify, improvementstudy, reform, modify, improvement

1st Irony of Aviation Safety Policy1st Irony of Aviation Safety Policy

"In no case has any hazard been "In no case has any hazard been discovered relating to aviation deaths discovered relating to aviation deaths that could not have been learned before that could not have been learned before the deaths occurred. The "occurrences the deaths occurred. The "occurrences of death" were not what led to various of death" were not what led to various safety improvements. The deaths were safety improvements. The deaths were required instead to make people take required instead to make people take the action that should have and could the action that should have and could have been taken earlier. " have been taken earlier. " (con't)(con't)

1st Irony of Aviation Safety Policy1st Irony of Aviation Safety Policy(con't)(con't)

"The actions that were taken afterwards "The actions that were taken afterwards could have just as easily been taken could have just as easily been taken before and were based on hazard before and were based on hazard resolution, not on personnel deaths. resolution, not on personnel deaths. The occurrences of death were not The occurrences of death were not essential to the safety process, despite essential to the safety process, despite fantastic claims often made to the fantastic claims often made to the contrary. "contrary. "















DifferentiationDifferentiation from other Policy from other Policy

How does Aviation Safety Policy differ How does Aviation Safety Policy differ from other policy?from other policy?

"What aviation safety policy is not!""What aviation safety policy is not!"


1.1. Criminal Law vs. Aviation Safety PolicyCriminal Law vs. Aviation Safety Policy

2.2. Civil Law vs. Aviation Safety PolicyCivil Law vs. Aviation Safety Policy

3.3. Administrative Law vs. Safety PolicyAdministrative Law vs. Safety Policy

4.4. Public Administration vs. Safety PolicyPublic Administration vs. Safety Policy

5.5. Public Relations vs. Safety PolicyPublic Relations vs. Safety Policy

6.6. Disaster Preparedness vs. Safety PolicyDisaster Preparedness vs. Safety Policy

7.7. Accident Investigation vs. Safety PolicyAccident Investigation vs. Safety Policy


• Criminal LawCriminal Law– QuarantineQuarantine– DeterrenceDeterrence– PunishmentPunishment– Looks BackLooks Back– Common LawCommon Law– Who was Guilty?Who was Guilty?

• Aviation SafetyAviation Safety– PreventionPrevention– Human FactorsHuman Factors– Report & InvestigateReport & Investigate– Fix ProblemFix Problem– CommunicateCommunicate– Look ForwardLook Forward


• Civil LawCivil Law– RecompenseRecompense– Damage InjuryDamage Injury– VictimsVictims– Who is Who is

Accountable?Accountable?– Who Pays?Who Pays?



• Administrative LawAdministrative Law– Continuation?Continuation?– Withdrawal?Withdrawal?– Suspension?Suspension?

……of Operatingof Operating

CertificatesCertificates



• Public Public AdministrationAdministration– ZoningZoning



• Public RelationsPublic Relations– CommunityCommunity– BusinessBusiness– RegulatorsRegulators– Press RelationsPress Relations– CommunicateCommunicate– Look ForwardLook Forward



• Disaster PrepDisaster Prep – Mass CasualtiesMass Casualties– Infrastructure Infrastructure

RecoveryRecovery– Reinstall OrderReinstall Order– Diminish ChaosDiminish Chaos



• Accident InvestigationAccident Investigation – Data, ForensicsData, Forensics– AnalysisAnalysis– ConclusionConclusion– RecommendationRecommendation– ReportingReporting– Party StatusParty Status

• Aviation SafetyAviation Safety

– PreventionPrevention– Human FactorsHuman Factors– Report & InvestigateReport & Investigate– Fix ProblemFix Problem– CommunicateCommunicate– Look ForwardLook Forward


How does Aviation Safety Policy differ How does Aviation Safety Policy differ from other policy?from other policy?

"What aviation safety policy is not!""What aviation safety policy is not!"


US vs. Weber Aircraft Corporation et .al.US vs. Weber Aircraft Corporation et .al.

United States Supreme Court Case:United States Supreme Court Case:

[465 US 792] (1984)[465 US 792] (1984)

Argued January 11, 1984Argued January 11, 1984

Decided March 20, 1984Decided March 20, 1984


Cited also:Cited also:

Machin vs. Zuket, Machin vs. Zuket,

US Appellate Court Case:US Appellate Court Case:

[114 US App DC 335, 316 F.2d 336, cert. [114 US App DC 335, 316 F.2d 336, cert. denied, 375 US 896] denied, 375 US 896]


SeparationSeparation of Safety Investigation and of Safety Investigation and Safety Programs from other Safety Programs from other investigations by other disciplines investigations by other disciplines involving the same eventinvolving the same event

Separation but not PreclusionSeparation but not Preclusion of other of other investigations investigations


Other investigations may occur and are not Other investigations may occur and are not precluded. However, precluded. However, the harvesting of the harvesting of testimonytestimony, obtained previously under , obtained previously under legal privilege of confidentiality during an legal privilege of confidentiality during an aviation safety investigation, by courts aviation safety investigation, by courts determining criminal charges, civil claims determining criminal charges, civil claims or administrative certification, or administrative certification, cannot be cannot be permitted.permitted.


As such it is incumbent on courts involved in As such it is incumbent on courts involved in criminal, civil or administrative matters, criminal, civil or administrative matters, and any other parties involved in any and any other parties involved in any matters other than aviation safety mishap matters other than aviation safety mishap investigation to investigation to gather their own gather their own testimony evidencetestimony evidence through their own through their own normal processes and without infringing normal processes and without infringing on participants in the aviation safety on participants in the aviation safety process.process.


This policy of This policy of Separation but not PreclusionSeparation but not Preclusion is essential to the furtherance of global is essential to the furtherance of global commercial aviation safety.commercial aviation safety.















Different Different LevelsLevels Of Policy Of Policy

• Who should have an Aviation Who should have an Aviation Safety Policy?Safety Policy?


• Who should have an Aviation Who should have an Aviation Safety Policy?Safety Policy?

• Who should have an Aviation Who should have an Aviation Safety Policy Formation Process?Safety Policy Formation Process?


1.1. Local commercial companyLocal commercial company

2.2. Regulatory AgencyRegulatory Agency

3.3. Trade GroupTrade Group

4.4. PressPress

5.5. Public Advocacy GroupsPublic Advocacy Groups


• Local: Local: Own Self Business InterestOwn Self Business Interest

Airline Airline

Charter: Survey, sight seeingCharter: Survey, sight seeing

Flight Schools Flight Schools

AgricultureAgriculture

Other Flying OrganizationsOther Flying Organizations


• Regulatory: Regulatory: Public's Best InterestPublic's Best Interest

-European Aviation Safety -European Aviation Safety Agency EASAAgency EASA

-ICAO, FAA, CAA, NASA-ICAO, FAA, CAA, NASA

-Eurocontrol, ATC, ATS-Eurocontrol, ATC, ATS


• Trade Groups: Trade Groups: Segment Members Segment Members InterestsInterests

ERAA, IATA, ATAERAA, IATA, ATA

Pilot Associations, IPAPilot Associations, IPA

Air Traffic Controller Ass'nsAir Traffic Controller Ass'ns

FSFFSF


• Press: Press: Combination of Public and Combination of Public and own Business interestsown Business interests

–Trade pressTrade press

–Main News, Papers, TV, mediaMain News, Papers, TV, media


• Public Advocacy: Public Advocacy: Traveling PublicTraveling Public

–Families of Pan Am 103Families of Pan Am 103

–Air Traveler groupsAir Traveler groups















Aviation Safety Policy ExamplesAviation Safety Policy Examples

1.1. Flight Duty and RestFlight Duty and Rest

2.2. Flightcrew Flightcrew Qualification, CertificationQualification, Certification

3.3. Flightcrew Training ProgramFlightcrew Training Program

4.4. Standard Operating ProcedureStandard Operating Procedure

5.5. Standardization CheckStandardization Check

6.6. Language ProficiencyLanguage Proficiency


7.7. Runway Grooving and CrowningRunway Grooving and Crowning8.8. Taxiway Lighting Signage MarkingTaxiway Lighting Signage Marking9.9. Runway Lighting Signage MarkingRunway Lighting Signage Marking10.10. Ground Control and MonitorGround Control and Monitor11.11. Runway Snow & Ice RemovalRunway Snow & Ice Removal12.12. Acft De-Icing Anti-Icing ProgramAcft De-Icing Anti-Icing Program


13.13. MEL, DMP, CDLMEL, DMP, CDL

14.14. Dispatcher Communications Dispatcher Communications

15.15. Real time Weather InformationReal time Weather Information

16.16. Air Traffic ControlAir Traffic Control

17.17. EGPWSEGPWS

18.18. GPS enhanced navigationGPS enhanced navigation


19.19. ASAP, FOQAASAP, FOQA

20.20. Local Safety ReportingLocal Safety Reporting

21.21. Joint Safety ResolutionJoint Safety Resolution

22.22. Flight Safety Int'l MagazineFlight Safety Int'l Magazine

23.23. Aviation Safety WeeklyAviation Safety Weekly

24.24. FSF SeminarsFSF Seminars





4.4. Different Levels of Aviation Safety Different Levels of Aviation Safety PolicyPolicy







4.4. Different Levels of Aviation Safety Different Levels of Aviation Safety PolicyPolicy



Process of FormationProcess of Formation

• IdeasIdeas

• PhilosophyPhilosophy

• PolicyPolicy

• ProceduresProcedures

• PracticesPractices

• TechniquesTechniques

Process of Process of FormationFormation

• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy





• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy





• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy





• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy





• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy

–ProceduresProcedures

–PracticesPractices

–TechniquesTechniques


• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy

–Procedures = SOPProcedures = SOP

–PracticesPractices



• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy


–Training PracticesTraining Practices



• IdeasIdeas


• PolicyPolicy


–Training PracticesTraining Practices

–Line TechniquesLine Techniques

Process of Process of FormationFormation• Philosophy: just a good ideaPhilosophy: just a good idea• From philosophers: good idea From philosophers: good idea

thinkersthinkers• Ideas can come from anyoneIdeas can come from anyone• Philosophy: good idea available for Philosophy: good idea available for

actionaction• Policy: flows from philosophyPolicy: flows from philosophy

Process of Process of FormationFormation• Combined thinking best Combined thinking best

• Ideas Ideas adaptedadapted as goals as goals

• Philosophy Philosophy adaptedadapted for action for action

• Local FormationLocal Formation

• Philosophy PolicyPhilosophy Policy

Process of Process of FormationFormation• Combined thinking best Combined thinking best

• Ideas adapted as goalsIdeas adapted as goals

• Philosophy adapted for actionPhilosophy adapted for action

• Local FormationLocal Formation

• Philosophy PolicyPhilosophy Policy


• Procedures - step by step RecipeProcedures - step by step Recipe

• Procedures - Recipe of ActionProcedures - Recipe of Action

• Procedures - Great DetailProcedures - Great Detail

• Procedures - directly from Policy Procedures - directly from Policy

• Policy needs Great DetailPolicy needs Great Detail

• Policy ProceduresPolicy Procedures


• Procedures - step by step RecipeProcedures - step by step Recipe

• Procedures - Recipe of ActionProcedures - Recipe of Action

• Procedures - Great DetailProcedures - Great Detail

• Procedures - directly from Policy Procedures - directly from Policy

• Policy needs Great DetailPolicy needs Great Detail

• Policy ProceduresPolicy Procedures

Why Why JointJoint FormationFormation??

• All parties have good idea thinkersAll parties have good idea thinkers

• Coordinated guidanceCoordinated guidance

• Avoid conflicting guidanceAvoid conflicting guidance

• Policy becomes the source for All Policy becomes the source for All Procedures: Ops, Maint, ATCProcedures: Ops, Maint, ATC

• Policy Should be Jointly FormedPolicy Should be Jointly Formed

Why Why LocalLocal FormationFormation??

• Must be Easily Understood LocallyMust be Easily Understood Locally

• Policy is only applicable LocallyPolicy is only applicable Locally

• Capable of Rapid ChangeCapable of Rapid Change

• Drive Local SOPDrive Local SOP

• Must adapt to Local EnvironmentMust adapt to Local Environment

Why Why Up to DateUp to Date??

• Latest TechnologyLatest Technology

–EGPWS, ADS-BEGPWS, ADS-B

• Industry Procedural InnovationIndustry Procedural Innovation

–Electronic Flight Bag Electronic Flight Bag

• Latest Human Factors studiesLatest Human Factors studies

–Flight Duty & RestFlight Duty & Rest

–Verbal CommunicationsVerbal Communications

Why Why CurrentCurrent FormationFormation??

• Flight operations changes due to Flight operations changes due to

RegulationsRegulations

New routesNew routes

New city pairingsNew city pairings

New equipmentNew equipment

Hiring new personnelHiring new personnel

Why Why ContinuousContinuous FormationFormation??

• Marketplace changes everydayMarketplace changes everyday

• Continuous, regular processContinuous, regular process

• Biweekly Policy ReviewBiweekly Policy Review

• Quarterly Policy AuditQuarterly Policy Audit

• Continuous CritiqueContinuous Critique

• Current to flying environmentCurrent to flying environment

Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy• 2nd Irony of Policy-2nd Irony of Policy- often seen as: often seen as:

UnchangingUnchanging

UnchangeableUnchangeable

Created by unknownsCreated by unknowns

Not even known by allNot even known by allPast relevancePast relevance

Written in StoneWritten in Stone

Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy• 2nd Irony of Policy-2nd Irony of Policy- to be effective: to be effective:

– Always changing, up-to-dateAlways changing, up-to-date

– Changeable, responsiveChangeable, responsive

– Created by people locally, jointlyCreated by people locally, jointly

– Known by all, clear communicationKnown by all, clear communication

– Current coordinated relevanceCurrent coordinated relevance

– Written in the Web SiteWritten in the Web Site

The Who? of Policy The Who? of Policy FormationFormation

Company Policy MakersCompany Policy Makers

• Board Of DirectorsBoard Of Directors

• CEOCEO

• President, VPPresident, VP

• Division ManagersDivision Managers

The Who? of Policy The Who? of Policy FormationFormation

Who Else?Who Else?

TheThe Who elseWho else? ? ofof Policy Policy FormationFormation

TheThe Who elseWho else?? ofof Policy Policy FormationFormation

Policy Advisory CouncilPolicy Advisory Council

TheThe Who elseWho else?? ofof Policy Policy FormationFormation

Policy Advisory CouncilPolicy Advisory Council • Representatives of GroupsRepresentatives of Groups

• Employee Professional Ass'nEmployee Professional Ass'n

• FAA, CAAFAA, CAA

• Hired Outside ConsultantsHired Outside Consultants

• Special Staff AssistantsSpecial Staff Assistants

Other Policy Formation Input?Other Policy Formation Input?

Suggestion E-Box Suggestion E-Box

–Individual ideasIndividual ideas–RandomRandom–UnfetteredUnfettered–Confidential, but Not AnonymousConfidential, but Not Anonymous–Ideas from people at all levelsIdeas from people at all levels


• Key Elements of PolicyKey Elements of Policy

• Aviation Safety PolicyAviation Safety Policy

• Differentiation from other policiesDifferentiation from other policies

• Different Levels of PolicyDifferent Levels of Policy

• Aviation Safety Policy ExamplesAviation Safety Policy Examples

• Process of FormationProcess of Formation

IPA-UPS Safety ForumIPA-UPS Safety Forum

Aviation Safety Policy Questions• What is aviation safety policy?• What it isn’t?• Is policy separation important? • What should be in safety policy?• What should not be in safety policy?• Who makes safety policy?• Who uses safety policy?• Improve a global approach to safety?• How would local, joint Aviation Safety Policy affect

Europe?

Why so many questions?

Thank you

Aviation Safety Aviation Safety Policy FormationPolicy Formation





IPA-UPS Safety Forum, EASS 2008IPA-UPS Safety Forum, EASS 2008

Documents

Aviation Safety Policy Formation by Paul Miller European Air Safety Seminar improving a global approach to safety in Europe March 10-12, 2008 Bucharest,