AVIATION FUEL FILTRATION

June 2020

UK and Ireland Authorised Distributor

2

Aviation FuelMain Contaminants

Microbes (micro-organisms)

Surfactants

Particulate matter

Free Water

3

Aviation FuelWhy is the filtration and separation necessary?Contaminants on the fuelFree WaterWhen the level of dissolved water exceeds the solubility limit of the fuel (e.g. as the fuel cools), free water precipitates forming water droplets.Free water may also be introduced into fuel by gross contamination from an external source)

(Maximum allowable free water downstream of dispensing 15 ppm)

Residual Water- Condensed or precipitated water can be found at anystage of the fuel´s transport and storage

- It can be found as entrained water, in large amounts, or as stagnant water located at the bottom of tankers, barges, oil pipes, etc.

4

Aviation FuelWhy is the filtration and separation necessary?Contaminants on the fuelSolid particles

- Oxide

These are closely related to the water´s content, due to the corrosion that takes place in oil pipes and tankers

- Dust

Abrasive sand, silica particles etc get into the storagetanks through the air which replaces the fuel´s volumetaken out from the tank

Solid particles that sit at the bottom of the storage tankscan be redistributed as entrained solid particles due to the stir caused by the fuel´s movement

5

Aviation FuelWhy is the filtration and separation necessary?Contaminants on the fuelSurfactants and additives

Soap or detergent-type composite

Cross contamination

They affect liquid/liquid or liquid/solid separation byreducing interfacial tensión

They reduce the strength by keeping liquidsseparated (interfacial tension) and making theirseparation difficult to take place

6

Aviation FuelWhy is the filtration and separation necessary?Contaminants on the fuelMicroorganisms

They grow on the wet surface of coalescers and sincethey release surfactants, they may dismantle thecoalescer

They cause corrosion in the system, which, in turn, results in a misfunctioning of the equipment

They cause the blockage of the fuel´s filters, even onboard of the plane.

7

8

Aviation FuelWhat type of systems are available?

Clay filters

Microfilters (EI 1590 3rd Edition)

Filter Water Separators (EI 1581 6th Edition)

Monitor filters (EI 1583 7th Edition) - to be

replaced by alternative technologies:

EI 1599 Dirt defense

EI 1588 Water barrier

EI15xx SAP free new monitor elements

9

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersClay filters

Clay treaters remove:

Surfactants

Colorants

Additives

Purposes:

Removal of Surface Active Agents

Insure the performance of the Filter Separator

10

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersClay filters

Change out DP: 15 PSI

Test MSEP (Micro-Separometer) <80

11

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersMicrofilters (EI 1590)

The filtration mechanism

Based on the probability that the particles will collide with thefibres in a controlled environment made by hundreds of layers made of fibres

The liquid is forced to flow through these layers, thereforeincreasing the possibility of a collision between particles and fibres

The solid particles gather gradually until the pore, surrounded by fibres, gets blocked

Flow resistance (differential pressure) increases graduallyand it becomes necessary to change the cartridge

12

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersMicrofilters (EI 1590)

Facet FA Serie EI 1590

1, 2, 3 y 5 micron

Change out DP: 15 PSI

13

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersMicrofilters (EI 1590)

Facet FA Serie EI 1590

14

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersFilter Water Separators (EI 1581)

EI 1581 6th Edition Clasification

Category C (Commercial Jet Fuel & Aviation gasoline)

Category M (Military Jet Fuel)

Category M100 (Thermal stabilityenhanced Jet Fuel)

Type S-LW (into-aircraft, Low-Water)

“All existing EI 1581 5th Edition qualifications will meet EI 1581 6th Edition qualification requirements for the type and category for which they were qualified”

Type S-M (into-aircraft, low wateror low dirt)

Type S (significant levels of water or dirt)

15

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersFilter Water Separators (EI 1581)

Extremely fine solids removal & water removal

2-stage systems

1st. Coalescer elements (CAAxx-5 & CMxx-5)

Located at the inlet of the separator filter

It filters solid particles and makes water droplets turn into biggerdrops which fall downwards by gravity towards the decantingchamber

2nd. Separator elements (SSxxxFx-5, STxxxFx-5, SMxxxFx-5)

Located at the outlet of the separator filter

They prevent smaller drops to be drawn towards the outletchamber

16

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersFilter Water Separators (EI 1581)

Coalescer Elements must be changed when:

Millipore test indicates the elements are not performing

Differential pressure exceeds 15 psi or there is a sudden drop in differential pressure

Continuous sump samples indicate surfactants, microbial or solid contaminants

12-month service life has expired and approved extension is not accomplished

Fee Water Test indicates elements are not performing

17

Aviation Fuel Filtration. EI 1582 similarity certificates for FWS

De-rating qualified FWS

De-rating filter vessels to reduce the rated flow rate of the filtration system is achieved by replacing elements with blinds or caps in FWS: calculations have to be made according to EI 1582 requirements,

Similarity

Methodology developed to minimize the number of full-scale tests a/EI 1581 requirements.

Qualified system

A filtration system tested to and meeting EI 1581 latest edition requirements,

Candidate system

The FWS subject of qualification: the candidate system has not been tested to EI 1581 latest edition. The proper application of the specification EI 1582 qualifies the candidate FWS to EI 1581 “by similarity”

18

Aviation Fuel Filtration. EI 1582 similarity certificates for FWS

19

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersMonitor Filters (EI 1583)

2’’ (FG-2XX-7) and 6’’ out/in (FG-O-6XX-7)

Absorb waste and emulsified water, eliminateextremely fine solid particles

Each water droplet is absorbed and creates a closedpoint. The area open to the flow is reduced and, consequently, the pressure drop increases

Not affected by surfactants

Contain SAP ->Monitors should not be used with fuels containing “Fuel System Icing inhibitors” (FSII)

20

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersMonitor Filters (EI 1583)

Monitor Elements must be changed when:

Millipore test indicates the elements are not performing

12-month service life has expired and approved extension is not accomplished

Fee Water Test indicates elements are not performing

DP 15 psi

21

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Type of filtersMonitor Filters (EI 1583)JIG Bulletin 105 (11 Dec 2017)

Scope: Aviation fuel services, both AvGas and Jet

2020 deadline: postponed

Immediate actions:• Limit the DP to 15 psi (1.0 bar)• DP switches activation point: 15 psi (DP switches: mandatory for into-plane services)• 2’’ and 6’’ out/in shall be compliant to EI 1583 7th Ed.• FWS with 6’’ monitors shall be re-converted to FWS EI 1581 6th Ed.• 6’’ in/out monitors shall be replaced with FWS EI 1581 6th Ed.

Long term objective: replacement of all existing monitors with alternative filtration options

Alternatives / Innovative solutions:• EI 1599 Dirt defence filter system + water detector• EI 1588 Water barrier technology (SAP free, surfactant resistant, suitable for military fuels)• EI 15XX New generation of 2’’ “monitors”

22

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Vessels design and construction (EI 1596*) Carbon steel vessels shall be internally coated with a light-coloured epoxy coating conforming to EI 1541

Access to elements:

• L to D > 1,75:1 for diameter ≤ 61 cm (24’’)

• L to D > 2,5:1 for diameter > 61 cm (24’’)

The main chamber containing the elements shall incorporate a definite slope toward a low point (min. slope: 3º)

Standard accessories:

• Equipment for measuring DP

• Air eliminator

• Pressure (thermal) relief valve

• Sampling connections

• Specific for FWS (used to refuel aircraft): water defense system

* 3rd Edition published in August 2019

23

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Vessels design and construction (EI 1596)

FILTER/WATER SEPARATOR VESSEL DATA PLATEVESSEL MANUFACTURER’SNAME/LOGO

VESSELMANUFACTURER’SADDRESS

VESSEL MODEL NUMBER:VESSEL SERIAL NUMBER:DATE OF VESSEL MANUFACTURE:VESSEL DESIGN CODE:COMPLIES WITH EI 1596 EDITION

VESSEL DESIGN PRESSURE:HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE:MAXIMUM FLOW RATE (RATED FLOW):MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSUREMAXIMUM DP ACROSS DECK PLATE:SUMP VOLUME:OPERATIONAL TEMPERATURE RANGE:VESSEL LID GASKET MATERIAL:VESSEL LID GASKET PART NUMBER:TORQUE FOR VESSEL LID NUTS:OPTIONAL DATA PLATE FIELDS:

PLATE NOT TO BE REMOVED FROM VESSEL OR OBSTRUCTED

FILTER/WATER SEPARATOR OPERATIONAL DATA PLATEFOR CURRENT CONFIGURATION

ELEMENT MANUFACTURER’SNAME/LOGO

ELEMENTMANUFACTURER’SADDRESS

VESSEL SERIAL NUMBER:EI 1581 CATEGORY:EI 1581 TYPE:COALESCER MODEL NUMBER:QUANTITY OF COALESCERS INSTALLED:SEPARATOR MODEL NUMBER:QUANTITY OF SEPARATORS INSTALLED:MAXIMUM OPERATING FLOWRATE:MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE FLOWRATE:(To be added by user/operator)COMPLIES WITH EI 1581 EDITIONCOALESCER INSTALLATION TORQUE:SEPARATOR INSTALLATION TORQUE:MAXIMUM CHANGEOUT DP:SIMILARITY SHEET ID CODE:DATE ELEMENTS INSTALLED:OPTIONAL DATA PLATE FIELDS:PLATE TO BE REPLACED/UPDATED AT EACH ELEMENT CHANGEOUT

24

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Low Flow Fuel Filtration System

VF21/22SB Housings

Standard Design

• Carbon steel body (epoxy coated)

• 150 psi (10.5 kg/cm2) design pressure

• Swing bolt quick open closure

• Vent and drain connections w/brass

petcocks provided

• 11/2” NPT inlet/outlet connections

• Different configurations as: FWS, microfilter

or monitor

25

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Medium Flow Fuel Filtration System

SuperFlex HousingsStandard Housing Design• Welded carbon steel construction• ASME Code, Section VIII construction• Design pressure: 250 psi @ 250 °F (17.2 bar @ 121

ºC)• Main closure: Blind flange• Vent connection: ¾" NPT• Drain connection: ¾" 3000# NPT• Inlet and outlet connections: 2" 3000# NPT• Differential pressure gauge connection: 1∕8" NPT• Interior: Epoxy coated Exterior: Prime coated

Options• Air eliminator check valve• Manual drain valve• Pressure gauge assembly• Pressure relief valve• Sampling probes• Adjustable support stand

26

27

Aviation FuelInternational Organizations

EI (Energy Institute)

API (American Petroleum Institute)

IATA (International Air Transport Association)

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

JIG (Joint Inspection Group)

http://www.energyinst.org

http://www.api.org

http:// www.iata.org

http://www.astm.org

http://www.jointinspectiongroup.org

28

Aviation Fuel FiltrationInternational Organizations

EI/JIG STANDARD 1530

Provides a standard to assist in the maintenance of aviation fuel quality, from its point of manufacture through (sometimes complex) distribution systems to airports.

It provides mandatory provisions and good practice recommendations for the design/functional requirements of facilities, and operational procedures

29

Aviation Fuel FiltrationInternational Organizations

JIG & EI recommendations

30

Aviation Fuel FiltrationInternational Organizations

Refining Distribution Airport Supply

JIG 3

EI 1530

JIG 2 JIG 1

EI 1540

ATA 103

Certification

API 1543

API 1595

JIG & EI 1530

31

Aviation Fuel FiltrationInternational Organizations

EI 1550: Equipment used for the maintenance and delivery of clean aviation fuel

EI 1596Vessels design

EI 1581 Filter Water SeparatorsEI 1590 MicrofiltersEI 1583 Monitor filters EI1588, EI 1599, EI 15XX

EI 1598Electronic sensors

(fuel quality)

32

33

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Filter dP and flow rates: FWS and monitors

JIG Bulletin 113 (10 Aug 2018)

dP measurement: • When the max. allowable dP has been reached and the filter

elements require replacement• Compromised filtration effectiveness (drop in dP: element

rupture, bypass, etc)• Trends in filter performance over time

Avoid the need for dP correction, whenever practicable

Where dP correction cannot be avoided, ensure that it is done correctly (a/filter manufacturer requirements)

Decision path for weekly dP graphs

34

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Corrected dP

When the corrected differential pressure is necessary?

When the systems are operated at lower maximum operating flow rate, due to a pump or system with pressure limitation, with a corresponding lower differential pressure.

Coalescer elements & monitor elements shall be replaced (See JIG appendix A6.3):

If the DP reaches 1.0 bar (15 psi) at (or corrected to) the maximum operating flow rate through the filter vessel as currently installed. The maximum flow rate will usually be less than the design flow of the vessel

35

Aviation Fuel Filtration. Corrected dP

• Control of filter/water separators and filter monitor operation.

• Calculation of corrected dP as function of observed flow rate

and dP value.

• Automatic operation when flow is detected.

• Alarm & Pre-alarm display.

• Generation of weekly graphs of dP according to JIG bulletin.

• Downloadable data via USB connection, compatible with MS

Excel®.

• Storage for 2 years of operation.

• Calculation of the lifespan of the filter elements.

• Local shutdown of fuelling operations.

• Comply with ATA-103 & JIG guidelines.

DeltaCORCorrected Differential Pressure Indicator

thank you.

BMS – Bulk Meter Services Limited3 Faversham Road, Challock, Ashford, Kent, TN25 4BQ, United KingdomTel: +44 ( 0 ) 1233 740149 : Email : sales@bms-ltd.com : Website: www.bms-ltd.com