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Average Fe K α emission from distant AGN. Amalia Corral IFCA(Santander)/OAB(Milano) M.J. Page : MSSL (UCL), UK F.J. Carrera, X. Barcons, J. Ebrero : IFCA (CSIC-UC), Spain S. Mateos, J.A. Tedds, M.G. Watson : University of Leicester, UK - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Average Fe KAverage Fe Kαα emission emission from distant AGNfrom distant AGN
Amalia CorralAmalia CorralIFCA(Santander)/OAB(Milano)IFCA(Santander)/OAB(Milano)
M.J. PageM.J. Page: MSSL (UCL), UK: MSSL (UCL), UKF.J. Carrera, X. Barcons, J. EbreroF.J. Carrera, X. Barcons, J. Ebrero: IFCA (CSIC-UC), Spain: IFCA (CSIC-UC), SpainS. Mateos, J.A. Tedds, M.G. WatsonS. Mateos, J.A. Tedds, M.G. Watson: University of Leicester, UK: University of Leicester, UKA. Schwope, M. KrumpeA. Schwope, M. Krumpe: Astrophysikalisches Institut Postdam, : Astrophysikalisches Institut Postdam, GermanyGermany
X-ray Universe 2008, Granada, 27th May 2008
IntroductionIntroduction
XRB (X-Ray Background) is known to be XRB (X-Ray Background) is known to be composed of discrete sources, most of them are composed of discrete sources, most of them are AGN.AGN.
XRB synthesis models, ingredients:XRB synthesis models, ingredients: - AGN intrinsic column density and acretion rate - AGN intrinsic column density and acretion rate
distribution and their evolution as a function of distribution and their evolution as a function of Luminosity and redshift.Luminosity and redshift.
- - Average radiative efficiency of accretion Average radiative efficiency of accretion onto Supermassive Black Holes -> Measure onto Supermassive Black Holes -> Measure from from Fe line relativistic profile. Fe line relativistic profile.
Inclination angle
Maximum-rotating BH
Non-rotating BH
Previous ResultsPrevious Results
Local samples:Local samples:
EW(relativistic) ~ 100-200 eV (Guainazzi+06, EW(relativistic) ~ 100-200 eV (Guainazzi+06, Nandra+07) Nandra+07)
Distant AGNDistant AGN -> -> average or stack many average or stack many spectra together:spectra together:
EW(relativistic) ~ 400 (type1) - 600(type2) eVEW(relativistic) ~ 400 (type1) - 600(type2) eV
(Streblyanska+05,Brusa+05)(Streblyanska+05,Brusa+05)
Our sampleOur sample
AGN from theAGN from the AXISAXIS (An International XMM- (An International XMM-Newton Survey) and Newton Survey) and XWASXWAS (XMM-Newton (XMM-Newton Wide Angle Survey) medium surveys Wide Angle Survey) medium surveys (average flux ~ 5x10(average flux ~ 5x10-14-14 erg cm erg cm-2-2 s s-1-1) .) .
Optical spectroscopic identifications (>80 Optical spectroscopic identifications (>80 counts 0.2-12 keV):counts 0.2-12 keV):
Type 1 AGN:Type 1 AGN: 606 sources606 sourcesType 2 AGN:Type 2 AGN: 117 sources117 sources
Our sampleOur sample
Sample selection:Sample selection: Individual spectra > 80 counts in 0.2-12 keVIndividual spectra > 80 counts in 0.2-12 keV
Averaging methodAveraging method
Fit an absorbed power law above 1 keV rest-Fit an absorbed power law above 1 keV rest-frame and unfold the un-grouped spectra: frame and unfold the un-grouped spectra: best-fit modelbest-fit model..
Correct for Galactic Absorption.Correct for Galactic Absorption. Shift to rest-frame.Shift to rest-frame. Normalize using the 2-5 keV rest-frame Normalize using the 2-5 keV rest-frame
band.band. Rebin to 1000 final counts/bin.Rebin to 1000 final counts/bin. Average.Average.
ResultsResults
Fit simple power law in 2-10 keV :
Type 1: Γ=1.92±0.02 Type 2: Γ=1.44±0.02
Type 1 AGN > 200000 counts
Type 2 AGN ~ 30000 counts
ResultsResults
Broad relativistic profile not clearly present
Type 1 AGN > 200000 counts
Type 2 AGN ~ 30000 counts
SimulationsSimulations
100 simulations (100 simulations (best-fit modelbest-fit model) per real ) per real spectrum including Poisson counting noise spectrum including Poisson counting noise and keeping the same 2-8 keV observed and keeping the same 2-8 keV observed flux, exposure time and calibration flux, exposure time and calibration matrices as for the real data.matrices as for the real data.
Significance contours by removing the Significance contours by removing the 32% (132% (1σσ level) and 5% (2 level) and 5% (2σσ level) extreme level) extreme values.values.
ResultsResults
·· 1σ confidence limit
-- 2σ confidence limit
▪ Average spectrum
● Simulated continuum
ResultsResults
·· 1σ confidence limit
-- 2σ confidence limit
▪ Average spectrum
● Simulated continuum
Spectral fitSpectral fit
Baseline model:Baseline model:
o 100-simulations continuum: mixture 100-simulations continuum: mixture
of absorbed power laws.of absorbed power laws.o Narrow emission line.Narrow emission line.
Spectral fit – Type 1 AGNSpectral fit – Type 1 AGN
Best-fit model:Best-fit model: Baseline model plus Baseline model plus neutral reflection:neutral reflection:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.05 keV= 6.36±0.05 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±80 eV= 80±80 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 90±30 eV= 90±30 eVi = 60±20ºi = 60±20ºR=0.5±0.20R=0.5±0.20
Spectral fit – Type 1 AGNSpectral fit – Type 1 AGN
Best-fit model:Best-fit model: Baseline model plus Baseline model plus neutral reflection:neutral reflection:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.05 keV= 6.36±0.05 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±80 eV= 80±80 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 90±30 eV= 90±30 eVi = 60±20ºi = 60±20ºR=0.5±0.20R=0.5±0.20
Spectral fit – Type 1 AGNSpectral fit – Type 1 AGN
Best-fit model:Best-fit model: Baseline model plus Baseline model plus neutral reflection:neutral reflection:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.05 keV= 6.36±0.05 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±80 eV= 80±80 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 90±30 eV= 90±30 eVi = 60±20ºi = 60±20ºR=0.5±0.20R=0.5±0.20
EW(broad relativistic line) < 400 eV at 3σ confidence level
Spectral fit – Type 2 AGNSpectral fit – Type 2 AGN
Model:Model: Baseline model Baseline model plus neutral reflection:plus neutral reflection:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.07 keV= 6.36±0.07 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±60 eV= 80±60 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 70±30 eV= 70±30 eV
i < 80 i < 80
R > 0.7R > 0.7
Spectral fit – Type 2 AGNSpectral fit – Type 2 AGN
Model:Model: Baseline model Baseline model plus neutral reflection:plus neutral reflection:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.07 keV= 6.36±0.07 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±60 eV= 80±60 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 70±30 eV= 70±30 eV
i < 80 i < 80
R > 0.7R > 0.7
Spectral fit – Type 2 AGNSpectral fit – Type 2 AGN
Model:Model: Baseline model plus Baseline model plus Laor line:Laor line:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.07 keV= 6.36±0.07 keV
EElaor ~ 6.7 keV~ 6.7 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±60 eV= 80±60 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 70±40 eV= 70±40 eV
EWEWlaor laor ~ ~ 300 eV300 eV
i ~ 60ºi ~ 60º
Spectral fit – Type 2 AGNSpectral fit – Type 2 AGN
Model:Model: Baseline model plus Baseline model plus Laor line:Laor line:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.07 keV= 6.36±0.07 keV
EElaor ~ 6.7 keV~ 6.7 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±60 eV= 80±60 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 70±40 eV= 70±40 eV
EWEWlaor laor ~ ~ 300 eV300 eV
i ~ 60ºi ~ 60º
Spectral fit – Type 2 AGNSpectral fit – Type 2 AGN
Model:Model: Baseline model plus Baseline model plus Laor line:Laor line:
EEgaus = 6.36±0.07 keV= 6.36±0.07 keV
EElaor ~ 6.7 keV~ 6.7 keV
σσgausgaus = 80±60 eV= 80±60 eV
EWEWgaus gaus = 70±40 eV= 70±40 eV
EWEWlaor laor ~ ~ 300 eV300 eV
i ~ 60ºi ~ 60º
Neutral reflection and Relativistic line give the same
fit
Type 1 AGN: sub-samplesType 1 AGN: sub-samples
Number of counts 2-10 keV > 2x10Number of counts 2-10 keV > 2x105 5 allow allow us to test evolution with different us to test evolution with different parameters by dividing the sample in 3 parameters by dividing the sample in 3 subsamples of equal quality (i.e. number of subsamples of equal quality (i.e. number of total counts): redshift, flux and luminosity.total counts): redshift, flux and luminosity.
We found no dependence for the emission We found no dependence for the emission features on redshift or flux.features on redshift or flux.
Dependence on Luminosity -> Dependence on Luminosity -> Iwasawa- Taniguchi effect?Iwasawa- Taniguchi effect?
Type 1 AGN: sub-samplesType 1 AGN: sub-samples
L(0.5-2 keV) (erg s-1) EW narrow line (eV)
1x1042 – 2x1044 190±50
2x1044 – 6x1044 150±80
6x1044 – 6x1046 50±40
ConclusionsConclusions Narrow emission line significatively detected in Narrow emission line significatively detected in
Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 keV, EW ~ 100 eV.keV, EW ~ 100 eV.
Type 1 AGN: Type 1 AGN: No compelling evidence of a Broad No compelling evidence of a Broad component in the average spectrum. Continuum component in the average spectrum. Continuum features best represented by a reflection features best represented by a reflection component. Relativistic line upper limit component. Relativistic line upper limit EW<400 EW<400 eVeV (3 (3σσ confidence). confidence).
Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line component marginally detected.component marginally detected.
Type 2 AGN:Type 2 AGN: Statistics insufficient to distinguish Statistics insufficient to distinguish between a relativistic line and a reflection between a relativistic line and a reflection component. component.
ConclusionsConclusions Narrow emission line significatively detected in Narrow emission line significatively detected in
Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 keV, EW ~ 100 eV.keV, EW ~ 100 eV.
Type 1 AGN: Type 1 AGN: No compelling evidence of a Broad No compelling evidence of a Broad component in the average spectrum. Continuum component in the average spectrum. Continuum features best represented by a reflection features best represented by a reflection component. Relativistic line upper limit component. Relativistic line upper limit EW<400 EW<400 eVeV (3 (3σσ confidence). confidence).
Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line component marginally detected.component marginally detected.
Type 2 AGN:Type 2 AGN: Statistics insufficient to distinguish Statistics insufficient to distinguish between a relativistic line and a reflection between a relativistic line and a reflection component. component.
ConclusionsConclusions Narrow emission line significatively detected in Narrow emission line significatively detected in
Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 keV, EW ~ 100 eV.keV, EW ~ 100 eV.
Type 1 AGN: Type 1 AGN: No compelling evidence of a broad No compelling evidence of a broad component in the average spectrum. Continuum component in the average spectrum. Continuum features best represented by a reflection features best represented by a reflection component. Relativistic line upper limit component. Relativistic line upper limit EW<400 EW<400 eVeV (3 (3σσ confidence). confidence).
Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line component marginally detected.component marginally detected.
Type 2 AGN:Type 2 AGN: Statistics insufficient to distinguish Statistics insufficient to distinguish between a relativistic line and a reflection between a relativistic line and a reflection component. component.
ConclusionsConclusions Narrow emission line significatively detected in Narrow emission line significatively detected in
Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 Type 1 and Type 2 AGN average spectra. E ~ 6.4 keV, EW ~ 90 eV.keV, EW ~ 90 eV.
Type 1 AGN: Type 1 AGN: No compelling evidence of a broad No compelling evidence of a broad component in the average spectrum. Continuum component in the average spectrum. Continuum features best represented by a reflection features best represented by a reflection component. Relativistic line upper limit component. Relativistic line upper limit EW<400 EW<400 eVeV (3 (3σσ confidence). confidence).
Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for narrow line component marginally detected.component marginally detected.
Type 2 AGN:Type 2 AGN: Statistics insufficient to distinguish Statistics insufficient to distinguish between a relativistic line and a reflection between a relativistic line and a reflection component. component.
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