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SUMMARY OF

TENSES

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Subject Verb Object

I Play football.

Max reads books.

We can speak English.

Sue is singing a nice song.

Word order in a sentence

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Time Subject Verb Object Place Time

I have breakfastin the

kitchen.

They play Handball in the gym every Monday.

My friendis

swimmingin the pool.

Every

Saturday Peter watches TV at home.

Word order

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Auxiliary Verbs

to be to do to have

They can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb.

As an auxiliary the verbs are used with a

main verb when forminginterrogative ( question )

or

negative sentences

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What is a past participle?

A past participle indicates past or completed action or time. It is often called the

'ed'form as it is formed by adding d or ed, to the base form ofregular verbs,

however it is also formed in various other ways forirregular verbs.

Forms of Present Past Past

participle

To be Is, are, am Was, were been

To have Have,has had had

To do Do, does did done
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbregular.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbirregular.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbirregular.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbregular.htm

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present simple present

continuous

present perfect present perfect

continuous

FORM The Present simple

The present simple is formed with the infinitive of the main verb.

The negative and interrogative are formed with the present

tense of the verb to do + infinitive.

Examples

He starts work at 8.30 a.m.

Does he start work? (auxilliary does in front of asubject)

He doesnt start work until 9.00 a..m.

(auxilliary does+ not between a subject and a main verb )

He

She

It

Verb + s

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PRESENT SIMPLE

Present period

Routines, habits, hobbies

I play tennis.

Characteristics

Babies like milk.

General truth

Water boils at 100C.

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continuous


continuous

USE

1. for habitual and repeated actions

Example I play blues harp and dobro guitar

2. with adverbs (or expressions) of frequency( oftenusuallysometimes -seldomrarelyalways

occasionallynevertwice a week - on Tuesdaysmost of the time ....)

Example He often arrives late

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continuous


continuous

FORM

This tense is formed with the present tense of the verb to be +present participle of the main verb.

Examples

He is watchingtelevision.

I s He watchingtelevision

He isn twatchingtelevision.

Is

Are

am

Verb+ ing

He She It - is

I - amWe You they - are

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continuous


continuous

USE

1. For actions happening at the moment of speaking.

Example

She is reading the newspapernow.Is she speaking now ?

She is not speaking now.

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The present continuous is used

to describe a temporary event or situation, That is happening around now

e.g.He usually plays the drums, buthe's

playingbass guitar tonight.

The weather forecast was good, buti t 's

rainingat the moment.

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Where does he play the guitar ?

auxiliary subject verb object

Why does he drink beer ?

When do they write homework ?auxiliary subject verb object

How is he singing new songs ?

How often.

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Put the verbs into the correct tense

(simple present or present progressive).

1. Look! He (leave) the house.2. Quiet please! I (write) a test.

3. She usually (walk) to school.

4. But look! Today she (go) by bike.

5. Every Sunday we (go) to see my grandparents.

6. He often (go) to the cinema.

7. We (play) Monopoly at the moment.

8. The child seldom (cry) .

9. I (not / do) anything at the moment.

10. (watch / he) the news regularly ?

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Complete the sentences.

Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.

(you / go) on holiday by plane sometimes?

(they / play) computer games every day?

(she / eat) dinner at the moment?

What (they / do) right now?

(she / visit) her grandma very often ?

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Put in the correct verb forms into the gaps. Use SimplePresent.

Example: ___ they ______ their friends? (to phone)

Answer: Dothey phonetheir friends?

1) ____you________ mineral water? (to dr ink)

2)____ Sarah and Linda ________their pets? (to feed)

3)______ your teacher______ your homework? (to check)

4) ______they______ in the old house? (to l ive)

5) _____the cat______ on the wall in the mornings? (to sit)

6) _____Nina ________computer games? (to play)

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Simple Past/Past Simple

Use

1) action finished in the past

I visited Berlin last week.

2) series of completed actions in the past

First I got up, then I hadbreakfast

Signal words

yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002

Form

- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed- with irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table ofthe irregular verbs

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regular verbs irregular verbs

I played football I went to the cinema.

We visited Alaska last year. We were in Rome yesterday.

Questions:

Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do).

Did youplay football?

He did notplay football

Did I go to cinema ?

I didn tgo to the cinema.

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Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Past inthe statements.

Example: I ______ to the teacher. (to talk)

Answer: I talkedto the teacher.

1) Jane a film. (to watch)

2) He a box. (to carry)

3) They their father. (to help)

4) John and Amy things. (to swap)

5) I to Andrew. (to talk)

6) Susan with Peter. (to dance)

7) The boys basketball. (to try)

8) We a trip. (to plan)

9) She her hair. (to wash)

10) The car at the traffic lights. (to stop)

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Present Perfect Tense

FORM: have / has + past participle

Affirmative: I have seen the film before.

She has seen the film before.

Interrogative: Have you seen the film before?

Has she seen the film before?

Negative: They havent seen the film before.He hasnt seen the film before.

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Present Perfect Tense3- It is used to express actions which started in the past and

are still continuing in the present, the time period is not

finished.

I have lost my keys.

(And I havent found them yet.)

present simple present present perfect present perfect

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continuous


continuous

on the time diagram

nowpast future

We have conducted experiments on this

phenomenon for almost two years.

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1) Our class the test yet. (not/to write)

2) Tim and Joe a box. (not/to carry)

3) It to snow. (to start)

4) The cat onto the table. (to jump)

5) I the castle. (not/to visi t) 6) We out of the room. (to go)

7) Fred the money. (to steal)

8) They Anne about it.(to tel l)

9) Steven through the park. (to walk)

10) The teacher to the party. (to come)

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Present Perfect + for and since

To talk about actions and states which started in the past

and are still true now.

- How long have you lived in Granada?

- Ive lived in Granada since 1990 / for 20 years.

(I live in Granada now.)

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Present Perfect or Past Simple

We use definite expressions with the Past simple tense:

yesterday, last week, ago, etc,while we dont use

definite time expressions with the Present perfect tense.

I have been to France three times.

When didyou gothere?

I wentthere last summer.

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Positive Sentences

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. Mary (win) the lottery last year.2. We (prepare / already) dinner.

3. James (find) your ring in the garden yesterday.

4. He (come / just) home.

5. They (buy) their car two years ago.

6. I (see / not) anyone yet.

7. Phil (go to the cinema last night.

8. We (be) to the zoo so far.

9. She (arrive) yet.

10. Emily (visit / not) me last w


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continuous


continuous

USE

1. Actions in the recent past with just, recently, already, atlast, lately

2. General experience withever never beforeso far

3. he indefinite past: we are interested in w hat happened, notin when i t happened.

4. Actions starting in the past and continuing to the present,

with for or since.

Example

The operation has been suspendedfor two months.

The firm has hada Belgian branch since October last year.


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continuous


continuous

on the time diagram

nowpast future

I ve just arrived.

relationship with the

present moment


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continuous


continuous

on the time diagram

nowpast future

Have you been to France?

? ? ?


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continuous


continuous

on the time diagram

nowpast future

They have revised their report.

Documents

Aux 1 3abcd