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Andreas Reil
Market Segment Automotive
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Automotive Radar
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R&S test solutions for Automotive
Automotive Radar Solutions Automotive Bus SystemsCar2Car / Car2X
GNSS / eCall Audio / Video / InfotainmentEMC
R&S© TS9982
R&S© BBA
Complete EMC
measurement solutions.
R&S© CMWR&S© BTC
R&S© UPV
Evaluate the
quality of infotainment systems
R&S© SMZ
Verification of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Bus analysis with dedicated options
for CAN/LIN, FlexRay, SENT and
BroadR-Reach
R&S© CMW
R&S© CBT
R&S© SMW
Communication and Interference
R&S© SMBV
R&S© CMW
GNSS Simulation Solutions
R&S© RTO
R&S© RTM
R&S© ITS100
R&S© RTH
R&S© SMF
R&S© FSW
R&S© ARTS
R&S© UPV
R&S© RTO
R&S© ZVA
R&S© FSW
R&S© ESW
R&S© ESR
R&S© SFE
R&S© UPP
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Automotive Radar Testing
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 3
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Automotive Radar Testing
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 4
Automotive Radar
Rohde & Schwarz Solutions for Automotive Radar
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23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 5
ADAS Technology overview
For short range detection,
ultrasonic sensors could be
used (e.g. parking distance).
A complete view of the
environment can be
achieved using cameras.
Source: parksave.com.au
Source: Continental
Source: Mercedes-Benz
cheap small range High range Sensitive to day / night
Resolution Expensive (cost + calculation)
Source: Continental
Radars can be used for
long- and short range views.
Insensitive to light changes.
Range Data Processing
For long range
detection, Lidar sensors
could be used.
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Radar Measurement
Distance
Measure the time of flight (ToF) in order to calculate
the distance:
𝑑 =𝑐0𝑡
2With 𝑐0 being the speed of light and 𝑡 the ToF.
Having a pulsed radar …
time
Received pulse𝑡
am
plit
ud
e
Transmitted pulse
time
𝑡
fre
qu
en
cy
… and a FMCW radar
23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 6
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23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 7
Radar Measurement
Speed – the Doppler Effect
Pulsed Radar – two successive measurements
FMCW Radar – exploit the Doppler shift
White Paper 1MA239: Radar Waveforms
for A&D and Automotive Radar
Application Note 1MA256: Real-Time
Radar Target Generation
higher frequency
lower frequency
𝑓𝑑 =2𝑓𝑇𝑐0
∙ 𝑣
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∆𝑅 =𝑐0 ∙ 𝜏
2∆𝑅 =
𝑐02𝐵
Pulsed FMCW
Bandwidth
Radar Measurement
Range Resolution
23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 8
Sufficient range resolution Insufficient range resolution
Source: radartutorial.eu
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23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 9
Common types of radar usage
Pulsed Radar
FMCW Radar
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Automotive Radar Overview 10
Signal Analysis
Interference Testing
Target Generation
Radome
Measurement
Automotive Radar Testing
Product
definition
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Automotive Radar Overview 11
Signal Analysis
Interference Testing
Target Generation
Radome
Measurement
Automotive Radar Testing
Product
definition
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23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 12
FMCW Radar Measurement
Range Speed + Range
Radar Cross Section Range ResolutionAngle of Arrival
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• Operating at 24 and 76 GHz automotive radar
bands.*
• Up to 1000 MHz bandwidth
• Delay Range: 9m – 2400m
step size: 6cm
• Speed Range: 0km/h – 700km/h
step size: < 4mm/s
*) Other frequencies on request.
ARTS 9510 – Automotive Radar Test Simulator
23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 14
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Radar Production Testing
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 14
DUT
ARTS
0.5m
DUT Corner
reflector
5m
7m
not to scale
Competitor
Technology
Rohde & Schwarz
solution
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Transmitted Signal
Received Signal
ARTS 9510 – Automotive Radar Test Simulator
Doppler-shifted spectrum. Frequency: 1kHz Time Delayed Pulse. Delay: 932ns
𝑓𝐷 =2𝑣
𝜆Doppler frequency:
Resulting speed: 𝑣 = 7𝑘𝑚
ℎ
Δ𝑡 =2𝑟
𝑐0Round Trip Delay:
𝑟 = 80𝑚Resulting range:
Velocity Simulation: Distance Simulation:
23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 15
1kHzLO
signal
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23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 16
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Distance / Delay
Sp
ee
d / D
op
ple
r
target
Possible
location
Our car
Speed: 80 km/hTarget 1
Speed: 80 km/h
Distance: 100 m
Both targets
have the same
speedNo Doppler
offset
Scenario 1: Same Speed
23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 17
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Target 2
Speed: 180 km/h
Distance: increasing
Doppler negative Doppler
Delay Increasing delay
Scenario II: Two targets but different speeds
target 1
Possible
location
Distance / Delay
Sp
ee
d / D
op
ple
r
target 2
23.06.2017 Andreas Reil – Technology and Promotion Engineer 18
Our car
Speed: 80 km/hTarget 1
Speed: 75 km/h
Distance: decreasing
Positive Doppler
Decreasing delay
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Radar Target Generation
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 19
DUT
LAN
Laptop with viewer software
ARTS
Distance
Amplitude
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Radar Target Generation
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 20
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Automotive Radar Overview 21
Signal Analysis
Interference Testing
Target Generation
Radome
Measurement
Automotive Radar Testing
Product
definition
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Range and Radial Velocity Measurement
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 22
Transmit signal Receive signal
f(t)
t
𝑣𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 0𝑚
𝑠𝑣𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 = 0
𝑚
𝑠
R
𝜏
𝑓𝐵
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣=
𝜏
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼⇒ 𝑓𝐵 =
𝜏
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼∙ 𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
Using: 𝑅 =𝑐
2∙ 𝜏
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝑓𝐵
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑅 =𝑐
2∙𝑓𝐵𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼Target Range:
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Range and Radial Velocity Measurement
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 23
Transmit signal Receive signal
f(t)
t
𝑣𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 0𝑚
𝑠𝑣𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 ≠ 0
𝑚
𝑠
R
𝜏
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝑓𝐵1
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑓𝐵1 = 𝑓𝑅 + 𝑓𝐷
𝑓𝐵1 =2
𝑐
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑅 −2
𝜆𝑣𝑟
Single equation with two unknowns:
not solvable
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Range and Radial Velocity Measurement
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 24
Transmit signal Receive signal
f(t)
t
𝑣𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 0𝑚
𝑠𝑣𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 ≠ 0
𝑚
𝑠
R
𝜏
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝑓𝐵1
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑓𝐵2
𝑓𝐵2 = −2
𝑐
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑅 −2
𝜆𝑣𝑟𝑓𝐵1 =
2
𝑐
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑅 −2
𝜆𝑣𝑟
Equations solvable for 𝑅 and 𝑣𝑟
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Range and Radial Velocity Measurement
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 25
Transmit signal Receive signal
f(t)
t𝜏
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝑓𝐵1
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑓𝐵2
Range
Speed
Ghost Targets
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Range and Radial Velocity Measurement
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 26
Transmit signal Receive signal
f(t)
t𝜏
𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝑓𝐵1
𝑇𝐶𝑃𝐼
𝑓𝐵2
Range
Speed
Ghost Targets
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Range and Radial Velocity Measurement
6/23/2017 Automotive Radar 27
vr
R
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Transient Analysis Option for the
R&S®FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer
Analysis of FMCW Radar Signals in Automotive Applications28
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Automotive Radar Overview 29
Signal Analysis
Interference Testing
Target Generation
Radome
Measurement
Automotive Radar Testing
Product
definition
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Radar Interference Testing
Automotive Radar 30
Radar Under
Test (RUT)
Target
simulation
Source: Continental
Interference
Simulation
6/23/2017
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Signal Generation Possibilities
Multiplicationı Limitation to Frequency Modulation
ı Bandwidth scales
Automotive Radar 31
R&S® SMW
12.6…13.5 GHz
R&S®
SMZ90
76 … 81 GHz
DUT
6/23/2017
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Signal Generation Possibilities
Mixer
Automotive Radar 32
10 … 15 GHz
11 GHz
E-Band
Upconverter
76 … 81 GHz
DUT
Or
R&S® SMB
R&S® SMF
R&S® SMW
IF
LO
6/23/2017
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Transmitted SignalUp- Down Chirp transmitted by radarbook
Automotive Radar 33
Source: Inras
6/23/2017
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Measurement Results
Automotive Radar 34
Transmitted chirp
Interfering chirp
6/23/2017
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Measurement Results
Automotive Radar 356/23/2017
no interference
50us pulse
600 MHz chirp
20dB SNR35dB SNR50dB SNR
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Automotive Radar Overview 36
Signal Analysis
Interference Testing
Target Generation
Radome
Measurement
Automotive Radar Testing
Product
definition
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