71
Automotive Parts Charging & Starting Systems

Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Automotive Parts 

Charging & Starting Systems

Page 2: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Charging Systems 

•  Output voltage kept to about 2 volts higher than battery voltage 

•  Controlled by varying current into rotor field winding (voltage regulator or PCM) 

•  No permanent magnets inside of the alternator… •  Battery Testing with Midtronics® •  Charging Output & Full Field Testing •  Carbon Pile Rheostat •  Identify Maximum Output on the Alternator Case

Page 3: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused
Page 4: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Alternator

Page 5: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Rotor with Field Coil 

Copper Slip Rings 

Stator – stationary coils of wire 

Wye­wound has 4 connections 

Delta­wound has 3 connections 

Check rotor for opens, short coils, & shorts to the shaft 

Check stator for opens, short coils, & shorts to the soft iron armature Rotor – rotating magnetic field

Page 6: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Diode Trio 

.4 to .7 VD in one direction OL in the other direction 

OL both ways = open 0.0 both ways = shorted

Page 7: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Brush Holders  Internal Voltage Regulators 

Carbon Brush 

Full Fielding Tab

Page 8: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Rectifier Bridges…change AC to DC before it leaves the alternator

Page 9: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

B + Output side 

Ground side 

Test 6 diodes from copper tab to heat sink, Reverse leads to verify diode integrity

Page 10: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Charging System External Voltage Regulator 

Apply 12 volts to Field Terminal to full­field the alternator

Page 11: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Starting (Cranking) Systems 

•  Cranks engine with a 10:1 to 15:1 reduction between starter drive pinion & ring gear 

•  Typical current draw is about 200 amps •  No click = no solenoid operation (check pull­in coil) •  Click, but no crank = motor issue…open windings •  Voltage Drop Test both B + and B ­ cables (.2 maximum)

Page 12: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused
Page 13: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Starter Motor with solenoid mounted on it

Page 14: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Movable Pole Shoe Starter Motor (solenoid mounted remotely)

Page 15: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused
Page 16: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused
Page 17: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Starter­Mounted Solenoid 

Starter Drive with Overrunning Clutch 

Pinion Gear Starter Drive Fork 

Hold­in & Pull­in Windings

Page 18: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Starter Shim gets placed between drive end housing & engine block 

Starter Drive Fork goes here 

Pinion Gear

Page 19: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

B+ 

B­ 

Remotely Mounted Starter Solenoids 

Apply 12 volts here to by­pass the ignition switch 

Used with movable pole shoe starter drives

Page 20: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Plungers 

Solenoids

Page 21: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Automotive Parts 

Electrical & Accessory Systems

Page 22: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electrical & Accessory 

•  Arguably one of the most intricate vehicle systems to trouble shoot 

•  Electrical Understanding is a Necessity! •  Even the dome light circuit is challenging now

Page 23: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Turn Signal &/or Hazard Flashers

Page 24: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Fusible Links with heat resistant Hypalon ® coating

Page 25: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Fusible Links are 2 to 4 gauge sizes smaller than the regular circuit wiring 

Weather pack connector

Page 26: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Ignition Key & Lock Cylinder 

Ignition Switch…. Located low on the steering column Operated by twisting the key

Page 27: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Headlight Switch with dash light dimmer rheostat 

Ignition Switch Mechanism Located on Lower Steering Column 

Has a push button to release the knob

Page 28: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Brake Switch & Cruise Cancel Switch 

Located on Brake Pedal Bracket 

BPP or BOO

Page 29: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Ambient 

Air Temperature Sensors 

Evaporator 

Intake Air 

In front of radiator 

In evaporator housing 

Inlet air stream 

Cabin Air Temperature sensors found in automatic climate control HVAC

Page 30: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Low Brake Fluid Sensors 

Located on Master Cylinder

Page 31: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Blower Motor Resistors:  drop the voltage to the blower motor to get a variety of speeds…can be open on just one speed 

Solid State 

Coil­Types 

Solid State

Page 32: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Battery Temperature Sensor…Chrysler 

Located in the Bottom of the Battery Tray

Page 33: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Solid State Flashers 

Regular Flasher Turn Signal, Hazard, or Combo 

Blinks Faster with a Burnt Out Bulb 

NOTE:  Closely Resemble a Relay, but the number and the arrangement of the prongs differs

Page 34: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Brake Pedal Position Sensors 

Also used for brake light switch & cruise control cancel switch 

BPP & BOO 

1­Time Use

Page 35: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Low Coolant Sensor 

Low Brake Fluid Sensor…Float­type 

Reed Switch type is also in use

Page 36: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electronic Flasher built right on to the Hazard Switch 

Regular Flashers 

Note:  found on some versions of S.E.T. boards 

Look very different than a round, European relay

Page 37: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electric Seat Heater Switch & Harness 

Almost any switch is a good component to bug on a vehicle

Page 38: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Door Jamb Switches 

Door Buzzer or Chime 

Many “door ajar” and “dome light” switches are now a part of the door latch mechanisms

Page 39: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

SIR/SRS wiring has yellow connectors 

Wiring Harnesses can be tricky to trouble shoot 

Fuse hidden in the harness 

High Voltage DC Hybrid power systems wiring is in a bright orange loom

Page 40: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

I am a Wiring Harness. 

How can I fail thee? Let me count the ways: 

I Can be open (inoperative) I Can be shorted to ground (fuse blow) I Can be shorted to power (always on) I Can have high resistance (voltage drop) I might also be diode­equipped (.4 to .7 VD) 

Test VoltageAvailable to me

Page 41: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Diagnostic Link Connectors (DLC)  OBD I  & OBD II 

Toyota 

GM Ford Chrysler 

Global OBD II 1996 to present

Page 42: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Windshield Wiper Motor 

Windshield Washer Pump Motors

Page 43: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Key Fob Anti­theft hood switch 

Door Lock or Deck Lid Actuator or Motor 

Immobilizer Module with wrong key will cause a no­start or a starts & stops

Page 44: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Relays

Page 45: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Relay coil typically has 60­100 ohms 

OL = inoperative (no click) Insulated Contacts = click, but no conduct Jammed Contacts = good coil, but no click

Page 46: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Fuses of All Types 

Maxi  Pal 

ATO  Cartridge Fusible Links 

Glass Fuse Puller 

Missing Fuse Puller = Demerit

Page 47: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Circuit Breakers…a forced open cb may read a few “heater ohms”

Page 48: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Diodes! 

Some resemble fuses, but note the prong positions 

Often used as clamping diodes in large coil circuits 

Alternator Button Diode

Page 49: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Windshield Washer Pump Motor

Page 50: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Weather Pack Connector 

Rocker Switch for a Window 

Know how to release wires from harness connectors

Page 51: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Hood &/or Deck Lid Light Switches 

Contain a mercury­filled capsule that conducts only when the angle is correct 

Similar to those used in Glove Boxes

Page 52: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Multi­Function Switch 

Popular competition bug: Wiring to and from Connectors at the “MF” Switch One tab that controls one small aspect of the switch 

Snaps or screws into the steering column 

Lights Signals Wipers Cruise

Page 53: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Bulbs & Sockets 

Headlamp  Fog Lamp 

Cheap & easy open or short circuits!

Page 54: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Door Jamb Switch Floor­mounted Dimmer Switch 

Very Old  For Dome Light Operation

Page 55: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Windshield Washer Pump Motors 

Some vehicles have both a front & a rear washer pump motor

Page 56: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Hood & Deck Lid Light Switches

Page 57: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Horn Pad Switch…grounds the relay coil to energize the horns

Page 58: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Seat Belt Switch 

Causes SIR codes, and keeps the warning chime on

Page 59: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

SPOUT (Spark Output) Connectors 

Remove to put a Distributor Ignition Ford into base timing mode

Page 60: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Multi­Function Switch 

Easily accessible through the steering column cover

Page 61: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Horn…always relayed & fused 

B + B ­ 

Insulated ground = inoperative

Page 62: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused
Page 63: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused
Page 64: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

85 to 85  = coil 30 = B+ 87a = NC (obedience check) 87 = switched output 

D to F = coil E = B+ C = NC (obedience check) A = switched output

Page 65: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Door Latch & Trunk Latch

Page 66: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electric Antenna Motor

Page 67: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Power Antenna Motor

Page 68: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electric Window Cable Motor

Page 69: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electric Window Regulator Motor

Page 70: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Electric Window Regulator Motor

Page 71: Automotive Parts - Grafton School District or BOO. Ambient Air ... How can I fail thee? ... Easily accessible through the steering column cover. Horn…always relayed & fused

Pulse Width Modulated Blower Motor