8/4/2019 Automation Raises Several Important Social Issues

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Automation raises several important social issues. Among them is automation impact onemployment. In the early 1800s, felt that Jacquard's automated weaving looms threatenedtheir jobs, English textile workers formed the Luddites a social movement, to protestagainst textile machines. Since then, the term Luddite refers to anyone who is againsttechnology advancement.

Some argue automation leads to higher employment. it was thought that the displacementof human workers by computerized systems would lead to severe unemployment. In fact,the opposite has often been true, for example, the freeing up of the labor force allowedmore people to enter higher skilled jobs, which are typically higher paying. One odd sideeffect of this shift is that unskilled labor now benefits is many first-world nations,because fewer people are available to fill such jobs.Some argue the reverse, at least in the long term . They argue that automation has onlyjust begun and short-term conditions might partially obscure its long-term impact. Manymanufacturing jobs leave the United States during the early 1990s, but a one-timemassive increase in IT jobs ( which are only now being outsourced), at the same time,offset this.

It appears that automation does devalue labor through its replacement with less-expensivemachines. However, the overall effect of this on the workforce as a whole remainsunclear. Today automation is quite advanced, and continues to advance more rapidlythroughout the world. Automation is encroaching on ever more skilled jobs, yet duringthe same period the general the well-being of most people in the world has increaseddramatically. what role automation has played in these changes has not been wellstudied .One irony is that in recent years, outsourcing has been blamed for the loss of jobs inwhich automation is the more likely culprit. This argument is supported by the fact that inthe U.S, the number of insourced jobs is increasing at a greater rate those outsourced.Further, the rate of decline in U.S manufacturing employment is no greater than the

worldwide average: 11 percent between 1995 and 2002. In the same period, china, whichhas been frequently criticized for stealing American manufacturing jobs, lost 15 millionmanufacturing jobs of its own ( about 15% of its total), compared with 2 million U.S

Dch bi Google translateT ng ha mt s vn quan trng t ra x hi. Trong s l t ng ha tc ngn vic lm. Trong nhng nm 1800, cm thy rng t ng ca Jacquard dt cng vicca h b e da khung dt, cng nhn dt ting Anh thnh lp mt phong tro x hiLuddites, phn i chng li cc my dt. K t , thut ng dng ch qu bo thbt c ai chng li tin b cng ngh.

Mt s ngi cho t ng ha dn n vic lm cao hn. ngi ta ngh rng vic dichuyn cc cng nhn con ngi bng cc h thng my vi tnh s dn n tnh trng thtnghip nghim trng. Trong thc t, ngc li thng c thc s, v d, gii phng lclng lao ng cho php nhiu ngi hn vo vic lm c tay ngh cao hn thng,thng thng cao hn chi tr. Mt tc dng ph k l ca s thay i ny l lao nggin n hin nay nhiu li ch l quc gia u tin trn th gii, v t ngi hn c sn lm cng vic .Mt s lp lun ngc li, t nht l trong di hn. H cho rng t ng ha mi ch bt

8/4/2019 Automation Raises Several Important Social Issues

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u v iu kin ngn hn c th che khut mt phn tc ng ca n lu di. Nhiu cngvic sn xut ri khi Hoa K trong nhng nm 1990, nhng mt thi gian ln tng cngn vic lm CNTT (m ch hin ang c thu ngoi), ng thi, b p ny.N xut hin t ng m khng ph gi ng lao ng thng qua vic thay th n vimy r hn. Tuy nhin, tc ng tng th ca iu ny trn lc lng lao ng ni chung

vn cn cha r rng. Hm nay t ng ha l kh cao, v tip tc tin nhanh hn trnton th gii. T ng ha l ln vo cng vic ngy cng c k nng, nhng trong cngthi k ni chung cc phc li ca hu ht mi ngi trn th gii tng ln ng k.nhng g ng vai tr t ng ha trong nhng thay i ny khng c nghincu.Mt iu tr tru l trong nhng nm gn y, gia cng phn mm c li chovic mt cng n vic lm, trong t ng ha l th phm nhiu kh nng. Lp lunny c h tr bi thc t l ti M, s lng vic lm insourced ang gia tng ti mtt l ln hn cc ngun bn ngoi. Hn na, tc suy gim trong vic sn xut ca HoaK l khng ln hn mc trung bnh trn ton th gii: 11 phn trm t nm 1995 nnm 2002. Trong thi gian ny, Trung Quc, c thng xuyn ch trch v n cp

cng n vic lm sn xut ngi M, b mt 15.000.000 vic lm sn xut ca ring n(khong 15% ca tng s ca n), so vi 2 triu M