Automatic Room Power Controler

7/27/2019 Automatic Room Power Controler

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INDEX

1. REPORT VIEW

2. CERTIFICATE

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

4. SELECTION OF THIS PROJECT5. INTRODUCTION

6. COMPONENT LIST

7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

8. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

9. WORKING

10. TOOLS REQUIRED

11. SAFETY

12. APPLICATIONS


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CH. DEVI LAL GOVT. POLY. EDUCATION SOCIETY

NATHU SARI CHOPTA

( SIRSA)

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

AUTOMATIC ROOM POWER CONTROLLER

Submitted to requisite for the award of diploma in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted to Submitted By

Er. VIVEK VOHRA JAGDEEP SINGH(0802910032)

Er. MANISH AGGRWAL GURMEET SINGH(0802910029)

Er. MAHESH GURCHET SINGH(0802910027)

Ch. Devi Lal Govt. Poly. Education Society ,

Nathusari Chopta

Session 2010-2011


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Ch. Devi. Lal Govt. Poly. Education Society

Nathusari Chopta

(SIRSA)

CERTIFICATEDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC AND COMM. ENGG.

This is certify that JAGDEEP SINGH (0802910032), GURMEETSINGH(0802910029), GURCHET SINGH(0802910027) has

satisfactorily completed in project work entitled Automatic Room

Power Controller in partial fulfillment for the award of Diploma

in Electronics &Comm. During session 2010-2011

Project Guide Head of Deptt.

Er. Manish Aggarwal Vivek Vohra


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To be accomplishment of any feat is required a mediumof hard work , an optima of motivation and guidance the

ocean , has to take up right coarse at least its ends up in

endures. Behind the successful completion of our project

there is number of persons whom I would like to thanks . I

would also like express my gratitude and sincere thanks

providing me the necessary infrastructure and for which

propelled me towards my destiny . I would like to thanks Er

VIVEK VOHRA [ H.O.D., ECE ]. At least but not the leastwe would like to thanks all the members of Electronics And

Communication Engineering Department fraternity for

their co-operation

JAGDEEP SINGH --------------------

GURMEET SINGH-------------------

GURCHET SINGH-------------------


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SELECTION OF THIS PROJECT

Selecting a particular & to materialize is a very difficult

job. It depends upon sense of decision, willingness & greatconfidence.

Commercial the selected should be good use & economical.

Before starting the project work market survey is must. So

that we conformed that project component are easily

available & also about their sold.

Following are the points upon which selection of this

project should be made. :-1. Project guidance and supervision must be available

information of cost in common factors.

2. Project should be fabricated with the facilities

available in laboratories.

3. Project should contain of most practical work.

4. Design of project should be within technical

knowledge.


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1.INTRODUCTION

An Ordinary Automatic Room Power Control has onlyone light sensor. So when a person enters the room , it

gets one pulse and the lights come ON .When a

person goes out ,it gets another pulse But what

happen when two persons enters the room ,one after

the other ..It gets two pulses and the lights remain in

OFF state.

The circuit describe here to over-comes abovementioned problem .It has a small memory which

enable it to automatically switch ON and switch

OFF lights in a desired fashion. The circuit uses two

LDR s which are placed one after another (separated

by a distance of say half meter) so that they may

separately sense a person going into the room or

coming out of the room


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COMPONENT LIST

ICs1. IC1 and IC2 -NE555

2. IC3 and IC4 -CD4017

3. IC5 -74LS504

4. IC6 74LS508

TRANSISTORs

4. (T1-T4) - BC148

5. T5 -SL100

CAPACITORS -

( C1-C2 ) - 47 25V

( C3-C4 ) 0.01

(C5 C6) -47 25 V

(C7) -1 25V

(C8) -0.1

(C9) - 1 25V

(C10) -0.1

(C11 C12) 4.7 25 V


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RESISTORS-

( R1 , R3 ) -33K

(R2,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R10,R11,R12,R13,R15 ) -10K

(R9) -100

(R14) - 470

DIODES -

(D1 D4) IN4001

(D5 D8) IN4007

(D9 D10) IN4148

OTHER COMPONENTSLDR 1 & LDR 2

BI-COLOR LED ( GREEN And RED )

RELAY RL1

SWITCH -

S1- PUSH TO ON OFF SWITCH


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM


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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The circuit uses two LDR s which are placed one after

another (separated by a distance of say half meter) so thatthey may separately sense a person going into the room or

coming out of room.

IC1 & IC2 (NE555) are placed in the circuit. Two counters

IC3&IC4 (CD4017) are also placed in the circuit.

The next stage comprises two logic IC s which can

combine the outputs of two counters.

If desired, one may use readily available IR sensor moduleto replace the LDR s.

The outputs of IC1&IC2 (Pin3) is connected to transistor

by passing through IN4001Diodes.

At the last stage IC5 (74LS04) is connected as shown in the

circuit diagram.

One side pins of IC5 are connected to IC4 (CD4017).

Output pins of IC5 are connected to outward portion of IC6

(74LS08). The outward portion pins of IC6 are connected

to the IC3 (CD4017).

Pins 3, 6, 8, 11 of IC6 (74LS08), through diodes D5, D6,

D7, D8 are connected to bypass wire & to transistor

T5(SL100) through resistor R14(470).

One side connection of IC1, IC2, IC3&IC4 are connected

to RL9V 200 Relay through wire. On other side one

terminal of transistor T5 is also connected to Relay RL1.For receiving the output a bulb is connected to the Relay

RL1 on one side &230V AC supply to the other side.


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WORKING

Outputs of two IDR sensors, after processing, are used in

conjunction with a bi-color LED , in such a fashion that

one a person gets into the room it emits green light and

when a person goes out of the room it emits red light and

vice versa. These outputs are simultaneously applied to

two counter .

One of the counter act as +1,+2,+3 etc when person arecoming into the room and other will count as -1,-2,-3 etc

when person are going out of the room .These counters

make use of Johnson decade counter CD4017 ICs .The next

stages comprises two logic ICs which can combine the

outputs of two counters ands determine if there is any

person still left in the room or not.

Since in the circuit LDR s have been used, care should be

taken to protect them from ambient light. If desired one

may use readily available IR sensor module to replace the

LDR s .The sensors are installed in such a way that when a

person enters or leaves the room, he intercepts the light

falling on them sequentially one after the other.

.When a person , first he would obstruct the light falling onLDR1 followed by that falling on LDR2 .When a person

leaves the room it will be the other way round. In normal

cases lights keeps falling on both the LDR s and as such

there resistance is low (about 5 kilo-ohms ) As a result pin2


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of both timers (IC1 and IC2 ) ,which have been configured

as mono-stable flip flop ,are held near the supply voltage

(+9V) .When the light falling on LDR s is obstructed, there

resistance become very high and pin2 voltage drop to nearground potential , there by triggering the flip-flops.

Capacitors across pin2 and ground have been added to

avoid false triggering due to electrical noise .When a

person enters the room ,LDR1 is triggered first and it

results in triggering of mono-stable IC1.The short output

pulse immediately charge up capacitor C5 ,forward biasing

transistor pair T1-T2. But at this instant the collectors oftransistor T1 and T2 are in high impedance state as IC2 ,

pin3 is at low potential and diode D4 is not conducting. But

when the same person passes LDR2 ;IC2 mono-stable flip-

flop is triggered. Its PIN3 goes high and this potential is

applied to transistor pair T1-T2 via a diode D4 . As a

result , transistor pair T1-T2 conduct because capacitor C5

remains the charge of same time as its discharge time iscontrolled by resistor (R5 and R7) to extent.

Thus green LED portion of bi-color LED is lit momentarily

. Te same output also coupled to IC3 for which it acts as

clock. When entry of each person IC3 output [high state ]

keeps advancing .At this stage transistor pair T3-T4 can not

conduct because output PIN3 of IC1 is not longer positive

as its output pulse duration is quite short and hence

transistor collectors in high impedance state . When person

leaves the room ,LDR2 is triggered first , followed by

LDR1 , since the button half portion of circuit is identical


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to top half , this time with the departure of each person , red

portion of bi-color LED is lit momentarily and output of

IC4 advance in the same fashion as in case of IC3 . The

outputs IC3 and those of IC4 ( after inverting by invertergate N1 through N4 ) are AND ed by AND gate ( A1

through A4 ) and then wire OR ed ( using diode D5

through D8 ) .

The net effect is that when person entering , the output at

least one of the AND gate is high , causing transistor T5 toconduct and energize relay RL1 . The bulb connected to the

supply via N /O contact 0 relay RL1 also lights up .When

person are leaving the room , and till all the persons who

entering the room have left ,the wired OR output continue

to remain high , i.e. the bulb continue to remain ON until

all persons who entering the room have left .The maximum

number of persons that this circuit can handle is limited tofour since on receipt of fifth clock pulse the counters are

reset. The capacity of the circuit can be easily extended to

handle up to nine persons by removing the connection of

PIN1 from reset pin ( 15 and utilizing Q 1-9 ) output of

CD 4017 counters .Additional inverters ,AND gates and

diode will , however be required .


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TOOLS REQUIRED1. Soldering iron

2. Solder paste

3. Solder Wire

4. Multi-meter

5. Am-meter

6. Voltmeter7. Frequency Meter

8. Nose Plier

9. Pliers

10. Cutter etc.


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SAFETYTo get the proper operation of this project circuit named

Automatic Room Power Controller. For the best result

one should follow the following precaution :-

1. All the component should be proper value as given.

2. All the component should be placed at proper place.

3. When we connect the circuit to main supply we shouldcaution about power supply it should not be higher

than prescribed supply. This can damage hole circuit.

4. The soldering should be neat & clean.

5. Do not set under the fan while soldering.

6. Do not put the kit under or over voltage sources.


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APPLICATIONSAn Automatic Room Power Controller system is used in

various places:-

1. In Offices

2. In house Rooms

This circuit is mostly used where we are need for saving

the time and energy

Documents

Automatic Room Power Controler