AutobiographyJohann Wolfgang von Goethe-Translated by John OxenfordThe Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobogra!hy" by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe#$% n our seres by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe&o!yrght la's are changng all over the 'orld( Be sure to check theco!yrght la's for your country before do'nloadng or redstrbutngths or any other Project Gutenberg eBook(Ths header should be the frst thng seen 'hen ve'ng ths ProjectGutenberg fle(Please do not re)ove t(*o not change or edt theheader 'thout 'rtten !er)sson(Please read the +legal s)all !rnt"+ and other nfor)aton about theeBook and Project Gutenberg at the botto) of ths fle(,ncluded s)!ortant nfor)aton about your s!ecfc rghts and restrctons nho' the fle )ay be used(-ou can also fnd out about ho' to )ake adonaton to Project Gutenberg" and ho' to get nvolved(..Welco)e To The World of /ree Plan 0anlla Electronc Texts....eBooks 1eadable By Both 2u)ans and By &o)!uters" 3nce 4564.......These eBooks Were Pre!ared By Thousands of 0olunteers7.....Ttle8 Autobogra!hyAuthor8 Johann Wolfgang von GoetheTranslated by John Oxenford1elease *ate8 9ay" :;;< =EBook #>6$$?=-es" 'e are )ore than one year ahead of schedule?=Ths fle 'as frst !osted on August 4@" :;;:?Edton8 4;Aanguage8 Englsh&haracter set encodng8 A3&,,... 3TA1T O/ T2E P1OJE&T GBTECBE1G EBOOD ABTOB,OG1AP2- ...Produced by Julet 3utherland" &harles /ranksand the Onlne *strbuted Proofreadng Tea)(T2E WO1D3 O/ JO2ACC WOA/GACG 0OC GOET2ET1AC3AATO13T2O9A3 &A1A-AE2EC1- W( AOCG/EAAOW3,1 WAATE1 3&OTTBA-A1* TA-AO1E*WA1* &2AWCE1&2A3( J( 3P1AGBEAEOPOA* COA2EC1- *AAEJO2C OEEC/O1*T2EO*O1E 9A1T,CW( E( A-TOBCE( A( BOW1,CGA( J( W( 9O11,3OCG( 2( AEWE3J( 3( *W,G2TACCA 3WACW,&DT2E GOTT,CGEC E*,T,OC O/ JO2ACC WOA/GACG 0OCGOET2EF3 WO1D3 ,3 A,9,TE* TO OCE T2OB3AC* &OP,E3"O/ W2,&2 T2,3 ,3 CB9BE1 56%=,llustraton8 P,&TB1E O/ GOET2E?GOTT,CGEC E*,T,OCABTOB,OG1AP2-T1BT2 AC* /,&T,OC 1EAAT,CG TO 9- A,/EJO2ACC WOA/GACG 0OC GOET2ET1AC3AATE* B-JO2C OEEC/O1*0OAB9E ,(P2,AA*EAP2,A AC* &2,&AGOJ( 2( 9OO1E AC* &O9PAC-,CT1O*B&T,OC(B- T2O9A3 &A1A-AE(,t 'ould a!!ear that for nGurers nto /oregn Aterature" for all )enanxous to see and understand the Euro!ean 'orld as t les around the)"a great !roble) s !resented n ths GoetheH a sngular" hghlysgnfcant !heno)enon" and no' also )eans )ore or less co)!lete forascertanng ts sgnfcance( A )an of 'onderful" nay" unexa)!ledre!utaton and ntellectual nfluence a)ong forty )llons ofreflectve" serous and cultvated )en" nvtes us to study h)H and todeter)ne for ourselves" 'hether and ho' far such nfluence has beensalutary" such re!utaton )erted( That ths call 'll one day beans'ered" that Goethe 'll be seen and judged of n hs real charactera)ong us" a!!ears certan enough( 2s na)e" long fa)lar every'here"has no' a'akened the attenton of crtcs n all Euro!ean countres tohs 'orks8 he s studed 'herever true study exsts8 eagerly studedeven n /ranceH nay" so)e consderable kno'ledge of hs nature ands!rtual )!ortance see)s already to !reval there( =/ootnote8 WtnessIAe Tasse" *ra)e !ar *uval"I and the &rtcs)s on t( 3ee also theEssays n the IGlobe"I Cos( >>" %< J4@:%K(?/or ourselves" )ean'hle" n gvng all due 'eght to so curous anexhbton of o!non" t s doubtless our !art" at the sa)e t)e" tobe'are that 'e do not gve t too )uch( Ths unversal sent)ent ofad)raton s 'onderful" s nterestng enoughH but t )ust not lead usastray( We Englsh stand as yet 'thout the s!here of tH nether 'll'e !lunge blndly n" but enter consderately" or" f 'e see good" kee!aloof fro) t altogether( /a)e" 'e )ay understand" s no sure test of)ert" but only a !robablty of suchH t s an accdent" not a!ro!erty" of a )anH lke lght" t can gve lttle or nothng" but at)ost )ay sho' 'hat s gvenH often t s but a false glare" daLLlng theeyes of the vulgar" lendng by casual extrnsc s!lendour the brghtnessand )anfold glance of the da)ond to !ebbles of no value( A )an s nall cases s)!ly the )an" of the sa)e ntrnsc 'orth and 'eakness"'hether hs 'orth and 'eakness le hdden n the de!ths of hs o'nconscousness" or be betru)!eted and beshouted fro) end to end of thehabtable globe( These are !lan truths" 'hch no one should lose sghtofH though" 'hether n love or n anger" for !rase or for conde)naton")ost of us are too a!t to forget the)( But least of all can t beco)ethe crtc to Ffollo' a )ulttude to do evlF even 'hen that evl sexcess of ad)ratonH on the contrary" t 'll behoove h) to lft u!hs voce" ho' feeble soever" ho' unheeded soever" aganst the co))ondelusonH fro) 'hch" f he can save" or hel! to save any )ortal" hsendeavours 'll have been re!ad(Wth these thngs n so)e )easure before us" 'e )ust re)nd our readersof another nfluence at 'ork n ths affar" and one actng" as 'ethnk" n the contrary drecton( That !tful enough desre forForgnaltyF 'hch lurks and acts n all )nds" 'll rather" 'e)agne" lead the crtc of /oregn Aterature to ado!t the negatvethan the affr)atve 'th regard to Goethe( ,f a 'rter ndeed feel thathe s 'rtng for England alone" nvsbly and naudbly to the rest ofthe Earth" the te)!tatons )ay be !retty eGually balancedH f he 'rtefor so)e s)all conclave" 'hch he )stakenly thnks the re!resentatveof England" they )ay s'ay ths 'ay or that" as t chances( But 'rtngn such solated s!rt s no longer !ossble( Traffc" 'th ts s'ftsh!s" s untng all natons nto oneH Euro!e at large s beco)ng )oreand )ore one !ublcH and n ths !ublc" the voces for Goethe" co)!ared'th those aganst h)" are n the !ro!orton" as 'e reckon the)" bothas to the nu)ber and value" of !erha!s a hundred to one( We take n" notGer)any alone" but /rance and ,talyH not the 3chlegels and 3chellngs"but the 9anLons and *e 3taels( The bas of orgnalty" therefore" )ayle to the sde of censureH and 'hoever a)ong us shall ste! for'ard"'th such kno'ledge as our co))on crtcs have of Goethe" to enlghtenthe Euro!ean !ublc" by contradcton n ths )atter" ds!lays aheros)" 'hch" n est)atng hs other )erts" ought no'se to beforgotten(Our o'n ve' of the case concdes" 'e confess" n so)e degree 'th thatof the )ajorty( We reckon that GoetheFs fa)e has" to a consderableextent" been deservedH that hs nfluence has been of hgh beneft tohs o'n countryH nay )ore" that t !ro)ses to be of beneft to us" andto all other natons( The essental grounds of ths o!non" 'hch toex!lan )nutely 'ere a long" ndeed boundless task" 'e )ay state'thout )any 'ords( We fnd" then" n Goethe" an Artst" n the hgh andancent )eanng of that ter)H n the )eanng 'hch t )ay have bornelong ago a)ong the )asters of ,talan !antng" and the fathers ofPoetry n EnglandH 'e say that 'e trace n the creatons of ths )an"belongng n every sense to our o'n t)e" so)e touches of that old"dvne s!rt" 'hch had long !assed a'ay fro) a)ong us" nay 'hch" ashas often been laborously de)onstrated" 'as not to return to ths 'orldany )ore(Or !erha!s 'e co)e nearer our )eanng" f 'e say that n Goethe 'edscover by far the )ost strkng nstance" n our t)e" of a 'rter 'hos" n strct s!eech" 'hat Phloso!hy can call a 9an( 2e s nethernoble nor !lebean" nether lberal nor servle" nor nfdel nordevoteeH but the best excellence of all these" joned n !ure unonH Faclear and unversal 9an(F GoetheFs !oetry s no se!arate faculty" no)ental handcraftH but the voce of the 'hole har)onous )anhood8 nay ts the very har)ony" the lvng and lfe-gvng har)ony of that rch)anhood 'hch for)s hs !oetry( All good )en )ay be called !oets n act"or n 'ordH all good !oets are so n both( But Goethe besdes a!!ears tous as a !erson of that dee! endo')ent" and gfted vson" of thatex!erence also and sy)!athy n the 'ays of all )en" 'hch Gualfy h)to stand forth" not only as the lterary orna)ent" but n )any res!ectstoo as the Teacher and exe)!lar of hs age( /or" to say nothng of hsnatural gfts" he has cultvated h)self and hs art" he has studed ho'to lve and to 'rte" 'th a fdelty" an un'eared earnestness" of'hch there s no other lvng nstanceH of 'hch" a)ong Brtsh !oetses!ecally" Words'orth alone offers any rese)blance( And ths n ourve' s the result( To our )nds" n these soft" )elodous )agnatonsof hs" there s e)boded the Wsdo) 'hch s !ro!er to ths t)eH thebeautful" the relgous Wsdo)" 'hch )ay stll" 'th so)ethng of tsold )!ressveness" s!eak to the 'hole soulH stll" n these hard"unbelevng utltaran days" reveal to us gl)!ses of the Bnseen butnot unreal World" that so the Actual and the ,deal )ay agan )eettogether" and clear Dno'ledge be agan 'edded to 1elgon" n the lfeand busness of )en(3uch s our convcton or !ersuason 'th regard to the !oetry ofGoethe( &ould 'e de)onstrate ths o!non to be true" could 'e evenexhbt t 'th that degree of clearness and consstency 'hch t hasattaned n our o'n thoughts" Goethe 'ere" on our !art" suffcentlyreco))ended to the best attenton of all thnkng )en( But" unha!!ly"t s not a subject susce!tble of de)onstraton8 the )erts andcharacterstcs of a Poet are not to be set forth by logcH but to begathered by !ersonal" and as n ths case t )ust be" by dee! andcareful ns!ecton of hs 'orks( Cay GoetheFs 'orld s every'ay sodfferent fro) oursH t costs us such effort" 'e have so )uch tore)e)ber" and so )uch to forget" before 'e can transfer ourselves n any)easure nto hs !ecular !ont of vson" that a rght study of h)"for an Englsh)an" even of ngenuous" o!en" nGustve )nd" beco)esunusually dffcultH for a fxed" decded" conte)!tuous Englsh)an" nextto )!ossble( To a reader of the frst class" hel!s )ay be gven"ex!lanatons 'll re)ove )any a dffcultyH beautes that lay hdden )aybe )ade a!!arentH and drectons" ada!ted to hs actual !oston" 'llat length gude h) nto the !ro!er tract for such an nGury( All ths"ho'ever" )ust be a 'ork of !rogresson and detal( To do our !art n t"fro) t)e to t)e" )ust rank a)ong the best dutes of an Englsh /oregn1eve'( 9ean'hle" our !resent endeavour l)ts tself 'thn farnarro'er bounds( We cannot a) to )ake Goethe kno'n" but only to !rovethat he s 'orthy of beng kno'nH at )ost" to !ont out" as t 'ere afaroff" the !ath by 'hch so)e kno'ledge of h) )ay be obtaned( A slghtglance at hs general lterary character and !rocedure" and one or t'oof hs chef !roductons 'hch thro' lght on these" )ust for the!resent suffce( A /rench d!lo)atc !ersonage" conte)!latng GoetheFs!hysogno)y" s sad to have observed8 I0ola un ho))e Gu a eubeaucou! de chagrns(I A truer verson of the )atter" Goethe h)selfsee)s to thnk" 'ould have been8 2ere s a )an 'ho has struggledtoughlyH 'ho has Ies sch recht sauer 'erden lassen(I GoetheFslfe" 'hether as a 'rter and thnker" or as a lvng actve )an" hasndeed been a lfe of effort" of earnest tolso)e endeavour after allexcellence( Accordngly" hs ntellectual !rogress" hs s!rtual and)oral hstory" as t )ay be gathered fro) hs successve Works"furnshes" 'th us" no s)all !orton of the !leasure and !roft 'ederve fro) !erusng the)( Partc!atng dee!ly n all the nfluences ofhs age" he has fro) the frst" at every ne' e!och" stood forth toelucdate the ne' crcu)stances of the t)eH to offer the nstructon"the solace" 'hch that t)e reGured( 2s lterary lfe dvdes tselfnto t'o !ortons 'dely dfferent n character8 the !roducts of thefrst" once so ne' and orgnal" have long ether drectly or throughthe thousand thousand )tatons of the)" been fa)lar to usH 'th the!roducts of the second" eGually orgnal" and n our day far )ore!recous" 'e are yet lttle acGuanted( These t'o classes of 'orks standcurously related 'th each otherH at frst ve'" n strongcontradcton" yet" n truth" connected together by the strctestseGuence( /or Goethe has not only suffered and )ourned n btter agonyunder the s!rtual !er!lextes of hs t)eH but he has also )asteredthese" he s above the)" and has sho'n others ho' to rse above the)( Atone t)e" 'e found h) n darkness" and no' he s n lghtH he 'as oncean Bnbelever" and no' he s a BeleverH and he beleves" )oreover" notby denyng hs unbelef" but by follo'ng t outH not by sto!!ng short"stll less turnng back" n hs nGures" but by resolutely !rosecutngthe)( Ths" t a!!ears to us" s a case of sngular nterest" and rarelyexe)!lfed" f at all else'here" n these our days( 2o' has ths )an"to 'ho) the 'orld once offered nothng but blackness" denal anddes!ar" attaned to that better vson 'hch no' sho's t to h)" nottolerable only" but full of sole)nty and lovelnessM 2o' has the belefof a 3ant been unted n ths hgh and true )nd 'th the clearness ofa 3ce!tcH the devout s!rt of a /enelon )ade to blend n soft har)ony'th the gaety" the sarcas)" the shre'dness of a 0oltareMGoetheFs t'o earlest 'orks are IGoetL von BerlchngenI and theI3orro's of WerterI( The boundless nfluence and !o!ularty theyganed" both at ho)e and abroad" s 'ell kno'n( ,t 'as they thatestablshed al)ost at once hs lterary fa)e n hs o'n countryH andeven deter)ned hs subseGuent !rvate hstory" for they brought h)nto contact 'th the *uke of We)arH n connecton 'th 'ho)" the Poet"engaged n )anfold dutes" !oltcal as 'ell as lterary" has lved forffty-four years( Ther effects over Euro!e at large 'ere not lessstrkng than n Ger)any(F,t 'ould be dffcult"F observes a 'rter on ths subject" Fto na)e t'obooks 'hch have exercsed a dee!er nfluence on the subseGuentlterature of Euro!e" than these t'o !erfor)ances of a young authorH hsfrst-fruts" the !roduce of hs t'enty-fourth year( IWerterIa!!eared to seLe the hearts of )en n all Guarters of the 'orld" and toutter for the) the 'ord 'hch they had long been 'atng to hear( Asusually ha!!ens" too" ths sa)e 'ord" once uttered" 'as soon abundantlyre!eatedH s!oken n all dalects" and chaunted through all notes of thega)ut" tll the sound of t had gro'n a 'earness rather than a!leasure( 3ce!tcal sent)entalty" ve'-huntng" love" frendsh!"sucde" and des!eraton" beca)e the sta!le of lterary 'areH and thoughthe e!de)c" after a long course of years" subsded n Ger)any" trea!!eared 'th varous )odfcatons n other countres" and every'hereabundant traces of ts good and bad effects are stll to be dscerned(The fortune of IBerlchngen 'th the ,ron 2and"I though lesssudden" 'as by no )eans less exalted( ,n hs o'n county" IGoetL"Ithough he no' stands soltary and chldless" beca)e the !arent of annnu)erable !rogeny of chvalry !lays" feudal delneatons" and !oetco-antGuaran !erfor)ancesH 'hch" though long ago deceased" )ade noseenough n ther day and generaton8 and 'th ourselves" hs nfluencehas been !erha!s stll )ore re)arkable( 3r Walter 3cottFs frstlterary enter!rse 'as a translaton of IGoetL von BerlchngenIHand" f genus could be co))uncated lke nstructon" 'e )ght callths 'ork of GoetheFs the !r)e cause of I9ar)onI and the IAadyof the AakeI" 'th all that has follo'ed fro) the sa)e creatve hand(Truly" a gran of seed that has lghted on the rght sol7 /or f notfr)er and farer" t has gro'n to be taller and broader than any othertreeH and all the natons of the earth are stll yearly gatherng of tsfrut(FBut overlookng these s!rtual genealoges" 'hch brng lttlecertanty and lttle !roft" t )ay be suffcent to observe ofIBerlchngenI and IWerterI" that they stand !ro)nent a)ongthe causes" or" at the very least" a)ong the sgnals of a great changen )odern lterature( The for)er drected )enFs attenton 'th a ne'force to the !cturesGue effects of the PastH and the latter" for thefrst t)e" atte)!ted the )ore accurate delneaton of a class offeelngs dee!ly )!ortant to )odern )nds" but for 'hch our elder!oetry offered no ex!onent" and !erha!s could offer none" because theyare feelngs that arse fro) Passon nca!able of beng converted ntoActon" and belong chefly to an age as ndolent" cultvated andunbelevng as our o'n( Ths" not'thstandng the dash of falsehood'hch )ay exst n IWerterI tself" and the boundless delru) ofextravagance 'hch t called forth n others" s a hgh !rase 'hchcannot justly be dened t(FTo the sa)e dark 'ay'ard )ood" 'hch" n IWerterI" !ours tselfforth n btter 'alngs over hu)an lfeH and" n IBerlchngenI"a!!ears as a fond and sad lookng back nto the Past" belong varousother !roductons of GoetheFsH for exa)!le" the I9tschuldgenI"and the frst dea of /aust" 'hch" ho'ever" 'as not realLed n actualco)!oston tll a cal)er !erod of hs hstory( Of ths early harsh andcrude" yet fervd and genal !erod" IWerterI )ay stand here as there!resentatveH and" ve'ed n ts external and nternal relaton" 'llhel! to llustrate both the 'rter and the !ublc he 'as 'rtng for(At the !resent day" t 'ould be dffcult for us" satsfed" nay satedto nausea" as 'e have been 'th the doctrnes of 3ent)entalty" toest)ate the boundless nterest 'hch IWerterI )ust have excted'hen frst gven to the 'orld( ,t 'as then ne' n all sensesH t 'as'onderful" yet 'shed for" both n ts o'n country and n every other(The Aterature of Ger)any had as yet but !artally a'akened fro) tslong tor!or8 dee! learnng" dee! reflecton" have at no t)e been'antng thereH but the creatve s!rt had for above a century beenal)ost extnct( Of late" ho'ever" the 1a)lers" 1abeners" Gellerts" hadattaned to no nconsderable !olsh of styleH Dlo!stockFsI9essasI had called forth the ad)raton" and !erha!s stll )orethe !rde" of the country" as a !ece of artH a hgh enthusas) 'asabroadH Aessng had roused the )nds of )en to a dee!er and truernterest n Aterature" had even decdedly begun to ntroduce ahearter" 'ar)er and )ore ex!ressve style( The Ger)ans 'ere on thealertH n ex!ectaton" or at least n full readness for so)e far bolder)!ulseH 'atng for the Poet that )ght s!eak to the) fro) the heart tothe heart( ,t 'as n Goethe that such a Poet 'as to be gven the)(Cay" the Aterature of other countres" !lacd" self-satsfed as they)ght see)" 'as n an eGually ex!ectant condton( Every'here" as nGer)any" there 'as !olsh and languor" external gltter and nternalvacutyH t 'as not fre" but a !cture of fre" at 'hch no soul couldbe 'ar)ed( Aterature had sunk fro) ts for)er vocaton8 t no longerheld the )rror u! to CatureH no longer reflected" n )any-colouredex!ressve sy)bols" the actual !assons" the ho!es" sorro's" joys oflvng )enH but d'elt n a re)ote conventonal 'orld n I&astles ofOtrantoI" n IE!gonadsI and IAeondasesI" a)ong clear")etallc heroes" and 'hte" hgh" stanless beautes" n 'ho) thedra!ery and elocuton 'ere no'se the least )!ortant Gualtes( 9enthought t rght that the heart should s'ell nto )agnan)ty 'th&aractacus and &ato" and )elt nto sorro' 'th )any an ElLa andAdeladeH but the heart 'as n no haste ether to s'ell or to )elt( 3o)e!ulses of herocal sent)ent" a fe' IunInatural tears )ght" 'thconscentous readers" be actually sGueeLed forth on such occasons8 butthey ca)e only fro) the surface of the )ndH nay" had the conscentous)an consdered the )atter" he 'ould have found that they ought not tohave co)e at all( Our only Englsh !oet of the !erod 'as Golds)thH a!ure" clear" genune s!rt" had he been of de!th or strengthsuffcentH hs I0car of WakefeldI re)ans the best of all )odern,dylsH but t s and 'as nothng )ore( And consder our leadng 'rtersHconsder the !oetry of Gray" and the !rose of Johnson( The frst alaborous )osac" through the hard stff lnea)ents of 'hch lttle lfeor true grace could be ex!ected to look8 real feelng" and all freedo)of ex!ressng t" are sacrfced to !o)!" to cold s!lendourH for vgour'e have a certan )outhng vehe)ence" too elegant ndeed to be tu)d"yet essentally foregn to the heart" and seen to extend no dee!er thanthe )ere voce and gestures( Were t not for hs IAettersI" 'hchare full of 'ar) exuberant !o'er" 'e )ght al)ost doubt 'hether Gray 'asa )an of genusH nay" 'as a lvng )an at all" and not rather so)ethousand-t)es )ore cunnngly devsed !oetcal turnng-loo)" than thatof 3'ftFs Phloso!hers n Aa!uta( JohnsonFs !rose s true" ndeed" andsound" and full of !ractcal sense8 fe' )en have seen )ore clearly ntothe )otves" the nterests" the 'hole 'alk and conversaton of thelvng busy 'orld as t lay before h)H but farther than ths busy" andto )ost of us" rather !rosac 'orld" he seldo) looked8 hs nstructons for )en of busness" and n regard to )atters of busness alone(Prudence s the hghest 0rtue he can nculcateH and for that fner!orton of our nature" that !orton of t 'hch belongs essentally toAterature strctly so called" 'here our hghest feelngs" our best joysand keenest sorro's" our *oubt" our Aove" our 1elgon resde" he has no'ord to utterH no re)edy" no counsel to gve us n our stratsH or at)ost" f" lke !oor Bos'ell" the !atent s )!ortunate" 'll ans'er8+9y dear 3r" endeavour to clear your )nd of &ant(+The turn 'hch Phloso!hcal s!eculaton had taken n the !recedng agecorres!onded 'th ths tendency" and enhanced ts narcotc nfluencesHor 'as" ndeed" !ro!erly s!eakng" the loot they had s!rung fro)( Aocke"h)self a clear" hu)ble-)nded" !atent" reverent" nay relgous )an"had !aved the 'ay for banshng relgon fro) the 'orld( 9nd" by beng)odelled n )enFs )agnatons nto a 3ha!e" a 0sbltyH and reasonedof as f t had been so)e co)!oste" dvsble and reuntable substance"so)e fner che)cal salt" or curous !ece of logcal jonery"--began tolose ts ))ateral" )ysterous" dvne though nvsble character8 t'as tactly fgured as so)ethng that )ght" 'ere our organs fneenough" be IseenI( -et 'ho had ever seen tM Who could ever see tMThus by degrees t !assed nto a *oubt" a 1elaton" so)e fantPossbltyH and at last nto a hghly-!robable Conentty( /ollo'ngAockeFs footste!s" the /rench had dscovered that Fas the sto)achsecretes &hyle" so does the bran secrete Thought(F And 'hat then 'as1elgon" 'hat 'as Poetry" 'hat 'as all hgh and heroc feelngM &heflya delusonH often a false and !erncous one( Poetry" ndeed" 'as stllto be !reservedH because Poetry 'as a useful thng8 )en neededa)use)ent" and loved to a)use the)selves 'th Poetry8 the !layhouse 'asa !retty lounge of an evenngH then there 'ere so )any !rece!ts"satrcal" ddactc" so )uch )ore )!ressve for the rhy)eH to saynothng of your occasonal verses" brthday odes" e!thala)u)s"e!cedu)s" by 'hch Fthe drea) of exstence )ay be so hghly s'eetenedand e)bellshed(F Cay" does not Poetry" actng on the )agnatons of)en" excte the) to darng !ur!osesH so)et)es" as n the case ofTyrtaeus" to fght betterH n 'hch 'se )ay t not rank as a usefulst)ulant to )an" along 'th O!u) and 3cotch Whsky" the )anufacture of'hch s allo'ed by la'M ,n 2eavenFs na)e" then" let Poetry be!reserved(Wth 1elgon" ho'ever" t fared so)e'hat 'orse( ,n the eyes of 0oltareand hs dsc!les" 1elgon 'as a su!erfluty" ndeed a nusance( 2ere"t s true" hs follo'ers have snce found that he 'ent too farH that1elgon" beng a great sancton to cvl )oralty" s of use forkee!ng socety n order" at least the lo'er classes" 'ho have not thefeelng of 2onour n due forceH and therefore" as a consderable hel! tothe &onstable and 2ang)an" IoughtI decdedly to be ke!t u!( Butsuch toleraton s the frut only of later days( ,n those t)es" there'as no Gueston but ho' to get rd of t" root and branch" the soonerthe better( A glea) of Leal" nay 'e 'll call t" ho'ever baselyalloyed" a glo' of real enthusas) and love of truth" )ay have an)atedthe )nds of these )en" as they looked abroad on the !estlent jungle of3u!erstton" and ho!ed to clear the earth of t forever( Ths lttleglo'" so alloyed" so conta)nated 'th !rde and other !oor or badad)xtures" 'as the last 'hch thnkng )en 'ere to ex!erence n Euro!efor a t)e( 3o t s al'ays n regard to 1elgous Belef" ho' degradedand defaced soever8 the delght of the *estroyer and *ener s no !uredelght" and )ust soon !ass a'ay( Wth bold" 'th sklful hand" 0oltareset hs torch to the jungle8 t blaLed aloft to heavenH and the fla)eexhlarated and co)forted the ncendaresH but" unha!!ly" such co)fortcould not contnue( Ere long ths fla)e" 'th ts cheerful lght andheat" 'as gone8 the jungle" t s true" had been consu)edH but" 'th tsentangle)ents" ts shelter and ts s!ots of verdure alsoH and the black"chll" ashy s'a)!" left n ts stead" see)ed for a t)e a greater evlthan the other(,n such a state of !anful obstructon" extendng tself every'here overEuro!e" and already )aster of Ger)any" lay the general )nd" 'hen Goethefrst a!!eared n Aterature( Whatever belonged to the fner nature of)an had 'thered under the 2ar)attan breath of *oubt" or !assed a'ay nthe conflagraton of o!en ,nfdeltyH and no'" 'here the Tree of Afeonce bloo)ed and brought frut of goodlest savour there 'as onlybarrenness and desolaton( To such as could fnd suffcent nterest nthe day-labour and day-'ages of earthly exstenceH n the resources ofthe fve bodly 3enses" and of 0anty" the only )ental sense 'hch yetflourshed" 'hch flourshed ndeed 'th ggantc vgour" )atters 'erestll not so bad( 3uch )en hel!ed the)selves for'ard" as they 'llgenerally doH and found the 'orld" f not an altogether !ro!er s!hereJfor every )an" dsguse t as he )ay" has a IsoulI n h)K" atleast a tolerable enough !laceH 'here" by one te) or another" so)eco)fort" or sho' of co)fort" )ght fro) t)e to t)e be got u!" andthese fe' years" es!ecally snce they 'ere so fe'" be s!ent 'thout)uch )urderng( But to )en afflcted 'th the F)alady of Thought"F so)edevoutness of te)!er 'as an nevtable hertageH to such the nosy foru)of the 'orld could a!!ear but an e)!ty" altogether nsuffcent concernHand the 'hole scene of lfe had beco)e ho!eless enough( Bnha!!ly" suchfeelngs are yet by no )eans so nfreGuent 'th ourselves" that 'e needsto! here to de!ct the)( That state of Bnbelef fro) 'hch the Ger)ansdo see) to be n so)e )easure delvered" stll !resses 'th ncubusforce on the greater !art of Euro!eH and naton after naton" each nts o'n 'ay" feels that the frst of all )oral !roble)s s ho' to castt off" or ho' to rse above t( Govern)ents naturally atte)!t the frstex!edentH Phloso!hers" n general" the second(The Poet" says 3chller" s a ctLen not only of hs country" but ofhs t)e( Whatever occu!es and nterests )en n general" 'll nteresth) stll )ore( That na)eless Bnrest" the blnd struggle of a soul nbondage" that hgh" sad" longng *scontent" 'hch 'as agtatng everyboso)" had drven Goethe al)ost to des!ar( All felt tH he alone couldgve t voce( And here les the secret of hs !o!ulartyH n hs dee!"susce!tve heart" he felt a thousand t)es )ore keenly 'hat every one'as feelngH 'th the creatve gft 'hch belonged to h) as a !oet" heboded t forth nto vsble sha!e" gave t a local habtaton and ana)eH and so )ade h)self the s!okes)an of hs generaton( IWerterIs but the cry of that d)" rooted !an" under 'hch all thoughtful )enof a certan age 'ere langushng8 t !ants the )sery" t !assonatelyutters the co)!lantH and heart and voce" all over Euro!e" loudly andat once res!ond to t( True" t !rescrbes no re)edyH for that 'as a fardfferent" far harder enter!rse" to 'hch other years and a hgherculture 'ere reGuredH but even ths utterance of the !an" even thslttle" for the !resent" s ardently gras!ed at" and 'th eager sy)!athya!!ro!rated n every boso)( ,f ByronFs lfe-'earness" hs )oody)elancholy" and )ad stor)ful ndgnaton" borne on the tones of a 'ldand Gute artless )elody" could !erce so dee! nto )any a Brtshheart" no' that the 'hole )atter s no longer ne'"--s ndeed old andtrte"--'e )ay judge 'th 'hat vehe)ent acce!tance ths IWerterI)ust have been 'elco)ed" co)ng as t dd lke a voce fro) unkno'nregonsH the frst thrllng !eal of that )!assoned drge" 'hch" ncountry after country" )enFs ears have lstened to" tll they 'ere deafto all else( /or IWerterI nfusng tself nto the core and 'holes!rt of Aterature" gave brth to a race of 3ent)entalsts" 'ho haveraged and 'aled n every !art of the 'orld" tll better lght da'ned onthe)" or at 'orst" exhausted Cature lad herself to slee!" and t 'asdscovered that la)entng 'as an un!roductve labour( These funerealchorsters" n Ger)any a loud" haggard" tu)ultuous" as 'ell as tearfulclass" 'ere na)ed the IDraft)aennerI or Po'er-)enH but have all longsnce" lke sck chldren" cred the)selves to rest( Byron 'as ourEnglsh 3ent)entalst and Po'er-)anH the strongest of hs knd nEuro!eH the 'ldest" the gloo)est" and t )ay be ho!ed the last( /or'hat good s t to F'hne" !ut fnger F the eye" and sob"F n such acaseM 3tll )ore" to snarl and sna! n )algnant 'se" Flke dogdstract" or )onkey sckMF Why should 'e Guarrel 'th our exstence"here as t les before us" our feld and nhertance" to )ake or )ar"for better or for 'orseH n 'hch" too" so )any noblest )en have" evenfro) the begnnng" 'arrng 'th the very evls 'e 'ar 'th" both )adeand been 'hat 'll be venerated to all t)eMA 'de and every'ay )ost )!ortant nterval dvdes IWerterI" 'thts sce!tcal !hloso!hy and Fhy!ochondracal crotchets"F fro) GoetheFsnext Covel" IWlhel) 9esterFs A!!rentcesh!I" !ublshed so)et'enty years after'ards( Ths 'ork belongs" n all senses" to the secondand sounder !erod of GoetheFs lfe" and )ay ndeed serve as thefullest" f !erha!s not the !urest" )!ress of tH beng 'rtten 'thdue forethought" at varous t)es" durng a !erod of no less than tenyears( &onsdered as a !ece of Art" there 'ere )uch to be sad onI9esterIH all 'hch" ho'ever" les beyond our !resent !ur!ose( Weare here lookng at the 'ork chefly as a docu)ent for the 'rterFshstoryH and n ths !ont of ve'" t certanly see)s" as contrasted'th ts )ore !o!ular !recursor" to deserve our best attenton8 for the!roble) 'hch had been stated n IWerterI" 'th des!ar of tssoluton" s here solved( The lofty enthusas)" 'hch" 'anderng 'ldlyover the unverse" found no restng-!lace" has here reached tsa!!onted ho)eH and lves n har)ony 'th 'hat long a!!eared to threatent 'th annhlaton( Anarchy has no' beco)e PeaceH the once gloo)y and!erturbed s!rt s no' serene" cheerfully vgorous" and rch n goodfruts( Cether" 'hch s )ost )!ortant of all" has ths Peace beenattaned by a surrender to Cecessty" or any co)!act 'th *elusonH asee)ng blessng" such as years and ds!rt)ent 'll of the)selvesbrng to )ost )en" and 'hch s ndeed no blessng" snce even contnuedbattle s better than destructon or ca!tvtyH and !eace of ths sorts lke that of GalgacusFs 1o)ans" 'ho Fcalled t !eace 'hen they had)ade a desert(F 2ere the ardent hgh-as!rng youth has gro'n nto thecal)est )an" yet 'th ncrease and not loss of ardour" and 'thas!ratons hgher as 'ell as clearer( /or he has conGuered hsunbelefH the ,deal has been bult on the ActualH no longer floatsvaguely n darkness and regons of drea)s" but rests n lght" on thefr) ground of hu)an nterest and busness" as n ts true scene" on tstrue bass(,t s 'onderful to see 'th" 'hat softness the sce!tcs) of Jarno" theco))ercal s!rt of Werner" the re!osng !olshed )anhood of Aotharoand the Bncle" the unearthly enthusas) of the 2ar!er" the gay an)alvvacty of Phlna" the )ystc" ethereal" al)ost s!rtual nature of9gnon" are blended together n ths 'orkH ho' justce s done to each"ho' each lves freely n hs !ro!er ele)ent" n hs !ro!er for)H andho'" as Wlhel) h)self" the )ld-hearted" all-ho!ng" all-belevngWlhel)" struggles for'ard to'ards hs 'orld of Art through thesecurously co)!lected nfluences" all ths untes tself nto a)ultfarous" yet so har)onous WholeH as nto a clear !oetc )rror"'here )anFs lfe and busness n ths age" hs !assons and !ur!oses"the hghest eGually 'th the lo'est" are )aged back to us n beautfulsgnfcance( Poetry and Prose are no longer at varanceH for the !oetFseyes are o!enedH he sees the changes of )any-colored exstence" and seesthe lovelness and dee! !ur!ort 'hch les hdden under the very )eanestof the)H hdden to the vulgar sght" but clear to the !oetFsH becausethe Fo!en secretF s no longer a secret to h)" and he kno's that theBnverse s IfullI of goodnessH that 'hatever has beng has beauty(A!art fro) ts lterary )erts or de)erts" such s the te)!er of )nd'e trace n GoetheFs I9esterI" and" )ore or less ex!resslyexhbted" n all hs later 'orks( We reckon t a rare !heno)enon" thste)!erH and 'orthy" n our t)es" f t do exst" of best study fro) allnGurng )en( 2o' has such a te)!er been attaned n ths so lofty and)!etuous )nd" once too" dark" desolate and full of doubt" )ore thanany otherM 2o' )ay 'e" each of us n hs several s!here" attan t" orstrengthen t" for ourselvesM These are Guestons" ths last s aGueston" n 'hch no one s unconcerned(To ans'er these Guestons" to begn the ans'er of the)" 'ould lead usvery far beyond our !resent l)ts( ,t s not" as 'e beleve" 'thoutlong" sedulous study" 'thout learnng )uch and unlearnng )uch" that"for any )an" the ans'er of such Guestons s even to be ho!ed(9ean'hle" as regards Goethe" there s one feature of the busness"'hch" to us" thro's consderable lght on hs )oral !ersuasons" and'll not" n nvestgatng the secret of the)" be overlooked( We alludeto the s!rt n 'hch he cultvates hs ArtH the noble" dsnterested"al)ost relgous love 'th 'hch he looks on Art n general" and strvesto'ards t as to'ards the sure" hghest" nay only good(/or a )an of GoetheFs talent to 'rte )any such !eces of rhetorc"settng forth the dgnty of !oets" and ther nnate nde!endence onexternal crcu)stances" could be no very hard taskH accordngly" 'e fndsuch sent)ents agan and agan ex!ressed" so)et)es 'th stll )oregracefulness" stll clearer e)!hass" n hs varous 'rtngs( But toado!t these sent)ents nto hs sober !ractcal !ersuasonH n any)easure to feel and beleve that such 'as stll" and )ust al'ays be" thehgh vocaton of the !oetH on ths ground of unversal hu)anty" ofancent and no' al)ost forgotten nobleness" to take hs stand" even nthese trval" jeerng" 'thered" unbelevng daysH and through allther co)!lex" ds!rtng" )ean" yet tu)ultuous nfluences" to F)akehs lght shne before the)"F that t )ght beautfy even our Frag-gatherng ageF 'th so)e bea)s of that )ld" dvne s!lendour" 'hch hadlong left us" the very !ossblty of 'hch 'as denedH heartly and nearnest to )edtate all ths" 'as no co))on !roceedngH to brng t nto!ractce" es!ecally n such a lfe as hs has been" 'as a)ong thehghest and hardest enter!rses 'hch any )an 'hatever could engage n(We reckon ths a greater novelty" than all the noveltes 'hch as a )ere'rter he ever !ut forth" 'hether for !rase or censure( We have takent u!on us to say that f such s" n any sense" the state of the case'th regard to Goethe" he deserves not )ere a!!roval as a !leasng !oetand s'eet sngerH but dee!" grateful study" observance" )taton" as a9oralst and Phloso!her( ,f there be any I!robabltyI that suchs the state of the case" 'e cannot but reckon t a )atter 'ell 'orthyof beng nGured nto( And t s for ths only that 'e are here!leadng and argung( 9ester s the )ature !roduct of the frst genusof our t)esH and )ust" one 'ould thnk" be dfferent" n varousres!ects" fro) the ))ature !roducts of genuses 'ho are far fro) thefrst" and 'hose 'orks s!rng fro) the bran n as )any 'eeks asGoetheFs cost h) years(,t )ay deserve to be )entoned here that 9ester" at ts frsta!!earance n Ger)any" 'as receved very )uch as t has been n England(GoetheFs kno'n character" ndeed" !recluded ndfference thereH butother'se t 'as )uch the sa)e( The 'hole guld of crtcs) 'as thro'nnto !er!lexty" nto sorro'H every'here 'as dssatsfacton o!en orconcealed( Offcal duty )!ellng the) to s!eak" so)e sad one thng"so)e anotherH all felt n secret that they kne' not 'hat to say( Tllthe a!!earance of 3chlegelFs I&haracterI" no 'ord" that 'e haveseen" of the s)allest chance to be decsve" or ndeed to last beyondthe day" had been uttered regardng t( 3o)e regretted that the fre ofIWerterI 'as so 'onderfully abatedH 'hs!erngs there )ght beabout Flo'ness"F FheavnessHF so)e s!ake forth boldly n behalf ofsufferng Fvrtue(F Covals 'as not a)ong the s!eakers" but he censuredthe 'ork n secret" and ths for a reason 'hch to us 'll see) thestrangestH for ts beng" as 'e should say" a Bentha)te 'ork7 9any arethe btter a!hors)s 'e fnd" a)ong hs /rag)ents" drected aganstI9esterI for ts !rosac" )echancal" econo)cal" coldhearted"altogether Btltaran character( We Englsh agan call Goethe a )ystcHso dffcult s t to !lease all !artes7 But the good" dee!" nobleCovals )ade the farest a)endsH for not'thstandng all ths" Tecktells us" f 'e re)e)ber rghtly" he contnually returned toI9esterI" and could not but !eruse and re!eruse t(GoetheFs IWanderjahreI 'as !ublshed n hs seventy-second yearHIWerterI n hs t'enty-ffthH thus n !assng bet'een these t'o'orks" and over I9esterFs AehrjahreI 'hch stands nearly )d'ay"'e have glanced over a s!ace of al)ost ffty years" ncludng 'thnthe)" of course" 'hatever 'as )ost )!ortant n hs !ublc or !rvatehstory( By )eans of these Guotatons" so dverse n ther tone" 'e)eant to )ake t vsble that a great change had taken !lace n the)oral ds!oston of the )anH a change fro) n'ard )!rson)ent" doubtand dscontent" nto freedo)" belef and clear actvtyH such a changeas" n our o!non" )ust take !lace" )ore or less conscously" n everycharacter that" es!ecally n these t)es" attans to s!rtual )anhood"and n characters !ossessng any thoughtfulness and sensblty" 'llseldo) take !lace 'thout a too !anful conscousness" 'thout btterconflcts" n 'hch the character tself s too often )a)ed and)!overshed" and 'hch end too often not n vctory" but n defeat" orfatal co)!ro)se 'th the ene)y( Too often" 'e )ay 'ell sayH for though)any grd on the harness" fe' bear t 'arror-lkeH stll fe'er !ut toff 'th tru)!h( A)ong our o'n !oets" Byron 'as al)ost the only )an 'esa' fathfully and )anfully strugglng" to the end" n ths causeH andhe ded 'hle the vctory 'as stll doubtful" or at best" only begnnngto be ganed( We have already stated our o!non" that GoetheFs successn ths )atter has been )ore co)!lete than that of any other )an n hsageH nay" that" n the strctest sense" he )ay al)ost be called the onlyone that has so succeeded( On ths ground" 'ere t on no other" 'e haveventured to say that hs s!rtual hstory and !rocedure )ust deserveattentonH that hs o!nons" hs creatons" hs )ode of thought" hs'hole !cture of the 'orld as t d'ells 'thn h)" )ust to hsconte)!orares be an nGury of no co))on nterestH of an nterestaltogether !ecular" and not n ths degree exa)!led n exstnglterature( These thngs can be but )!erfectly stated here" and )ust beleft" not n a state of de)onstraton" but at the ut)ost" of loosefluctuatng !robabltyH nevertheless" f nGured nto" they 'll befound to have a !recse enough )eanng" and" as 'e beleve" a hghly)!ortant one(/or the rest" 'hat sort of )nd t s that has !assed through thschange" that has ganed ths vctoryH ho' rch and hgh a )ndH ho'learned by study n all that s 'sest" by ex!erence n all that s)ost co)!lex" the brghtest as 'ell as the blackest" n )anFs exstenceHgfted 'th 'hat nsght" 'th 'hat grace and !o'er of utterance" 'eshall not for the !resent atte)!t dscussng( All these the reader 'lllearn" 'ho studes hs 'rtngs 'th such attenton as they )ertH andby no other )eans( Of GoetheFs dra)atc" lyrcal" ddactc !oe)s" nther thousandfold ex!ressveness" for they are full of ex!ressveness"'e can here say nothng( But n every de!art)ent of Aterature" of Artancent and )odern" n )any !rovnces of 3cence" 'e shall often )eeth)H and ho!e to have other occasons of est)atng 'hat" n theseres!ects" 'e and all )en o'e h)(T'o crcu)stances" )ean'hle" 'e have re)arked" 'hch to us thro' lghton the nature of hs orgnal faculty for Poetry" and go far to convnceus of the 9astery he has attaned n that art8 these 'e )ay here statebrefly" for the judg)ent of such as already kno' hs 'rtngs" or thehel! of such as are begnnng to kno' the)( The frst s hs sngularlye)ble)atc ntellectH hs !er!etual never-falng tendency to transfor)nto Isha!eI" nto IlfeI" the o!non" the feelng that )ay d'elln h)H 'hch" n ts 'dest sense" 'e reckon to be essentally the grand!roble) of the Poet( We do not )ean )ere )eta!hor and rhetorcal tro!e8these are but the exteror concern" often but the scaffoldng of theedfce" 'hch s to be bult u! J'thn our thoughtsK by )eans of the)(,n allusons" n s)ltudes" though no one kno'n to us s ha!!er" )anyare )ore co!ous than Goethe( But 'e fnd ths faculty of hs n thevery essence of hs ntellectH and trace t alke n the Guet cunnnge!gra)" the allegory" the Guant devce" re)ndng us of so)e Nuarlesor BunyanH and n the I/austsI" the ITassosI" theI9gnonsI" 'hch n ther !ure and genune !ersonalty" )ay al)ostre)nd us of the IArelsI and I2a)letsI of 3hakes!eare(Everythng has for)" everythng has vsual exstenceH the !oetFs)agnaton Ibodes forthI the for)s of thngs unseen" hs !enturns the) to Isha!eI( Ths" as a natural endo')ent" exsts nGoethe" 'e conceve" to a very hgh degree(The other characterstc of hs )nd" 'hch !roves to us hs acGured)astery n art" as ths sho's us the extent of hs orgnal ca!acty fort" s hs 'onderful varety" nay unversaltyH hs entre freedo) fro)the 9anners)( We read Goethe for years" before 'e co)e to see 'herenthe dstngushng !ecularty of hs understandng" of hs ds!oston"even of hs 'ay of 'rtng" conssts( ,t see)s Gute a s)!le style thatof hsH re)arkable chefly for ts cal)ness" ts !ers!cuty" n shortts co))onnessH and yet t s the )ost unco))on of all styles8 'e feelas f every one )ght )tate t" and yet t s n)table( As hard st to dscover n hs 'rtngs"--though there also" as n every )anFs'rtngs" the character of the 'rter )ust le recorded"--'hat sort ofs!rtual constructon he has" 'hat are hs te)!er" hs affectons" hsndvdual s!ecaltes( /or all lves freely 'thn h)8 Phlna and&lanchen" 9e!hsto!heles and 9gnon" are alke ndfferent" or alkedear to h)H he s of no sect or caste8 he see)s not ths )an or that)an" but a )an( We reckon ths to be the characterstc of a 9aster nArt of any sortH and true es!ecally of all great Poets( 2o' true s tof 3hakes!eare and 2o)er7 Who kno's" or can fgure 'hat the 9an3hakes!eare 'as" by the frst" by the t'enteth !erusal of hs 'orksM 2es a 0oce co)ng to us fro) the Aand of 9elody8 hs old brck d'ellng-!lace" n the )ere earthly burgh of 3tratford-on-Avon" offers us the)ost nex!lcable eng)a( And 'hat s 2o)er n the I,lasIM 2e sT2E W,TCE33H he has seen" and he reveals tH 'e hear and beleve" but donot behold h)( Co' co)!are" 'th these t'o Poets" any other t'oH not ofeGual genus" for there are none such" but of eGual sncerty" 'ho 'roteas earnestly and fro) the heart" lke the)( Take" for nstance" JeanPaul and Aord Byron( The good Echter begns to sho' h)self" n hsbroad" )assve" kndly" Guant sgnfcance" before 'e have read )any!ages of even hs slghtest 'orkH and to the last he !ants h)self )uchbetter than hs subject( Byron )ay also be sad to have !anted nothngelse than h)self" be hs subject 'hat t )ght( -et as a test for theculture of a Poet" n hs !oetcal ca!acty" for hs !retensons to)astery and co)!leteness n hs art" 'e cannot but reckon ths a)ong thesurest( Tred by ths" there s no 'rter that a!!roaches 'thn )anydegrees of Goethe(JO2ACC WOA/GACG 0OC GOET2EJohann Wolfgang von Goethe 'as born n /rankfort on August :@" 46 Goethe traveled to Ae!sc( On the 45th of Octoberhe 'as ad)tted as a student( 2e 'as sent to Ae!sc to study la'" norder that he )ght return to /rankfort ftted for the regular course of)unc!al dstncton( 2e ntended to devote h)self not to la'" but tobelles lettres( 2e attended GellertFs lectures on lterature" and evenjoned hs !rvate class( 2s real unversty educaton 'as derved fro)ntercourse 'th hs frends( /rst a)ong these 'as J( G( 3chlosser" 'hoafter'ards )arred hs sster( 2e had a great nfluence u!on h)"chefly n ntroducng h) to a 'der crcle of Ger)an" /rench" Englshand ,talan !oetry(But the !erson 'ho had the strongest effect on GoetheFs )entaldevelo!)ent 'as Ada) /rederck Oeser" at ths t)e drector of theacade)y of arts n Ae!sc(Goethe" fro) hs earlest years" 'as never 'thout a !asson" and atAe!sc hs !asson 'as Dtty 3choenko!f" the Aennchen of theautobogra!hy" the daughter of the host at 'hose house he dned( 3heoften teased h) 'th her nconstant 'ays" and to ths ex!erence s duehs frst dra)a" +*e Aaune des 0erlebten"+ +AoversF Nuarrels"+ as t)ay be styled( A dee!er chord s struck n +*e 9tschuldgen+ JThe/ello' 3nnersK" 'hch for)s a ds)al and forbddng !cture both of thet)e and of the ex!erences of the youth 'ho 'rote t( 2e had ano!!ortunty of establshng hs !rnc!les of taste durng a short vstat *resden" n 'hch he devoted h)self to the !ctures and theantGues( The end of GoetheFs stay at Ae!sc 'as saddened by llness(One )ornng at the begnnng of the su))er he 'as a'akened by a volenthe)orrhage( /or several days he hung bet'een lfe and death" and afterthat hs recovery 'as slo'( 2e left Ae!sc far fro) 'ell on August :@"46%@(Goethe )ade an enforced stay of a year and a half( ,t 'as !erha!s theleast ha!!y !art of hs lfe( 2s cure !roceeded slo'ly" and he hadseveral rela!ses( 2s fa)ly relatons 'ere not !leasant( 2s fathersho'ed but lttle sy)!athy 'th hs as!ratons for unversal culture"and could )agne no career for h) but that of a successful jurst( 2ssster had gro'n so)e'hat harsh and cold durng hs absence( GoetheFs)other 'as al'ays the sa)e to h)--a brght" genal" sy)!athetc frend(Goethe" durng hs llness" receved great attenton fro) /raeulen vonDlettenberg" a frend of hs )otherFs" a !etst of the 9oravan school(3he ntated h) nto the )ystcal 'rtngs of those abstracted sants"and she engaged h) n the study of alche)y" 'hch served at once to!re!are h) for the conce!ton of /aust and for the scentfcresearches of hs later days(2e arrved at 3trasburg A!rl :"466;( Goethe stayed n 3trasburg tllAugust :@" 4664" hs t'enty-second brthday" and these sxteen )onthsare !erha!s the )ost )!ortant of hs lfe( *urng the) he ca)e ntoactve contact 'th )ost of those )!ulses of 'hch hs after lfe 'as adevelo!)ent( ,f 'e 'ould understand hs )ental gro'th" 'e )ust ask 'ho'ere hs frends( 2e took hs )eals at the house of the /raeulen Aauthn the Dra)ergasse( The table 'as )anly flled 'th )edcal students(At the head of t sat 3alL)ann" a grave )an of ffty years of age( 2sex!erence and hs refned taste 'ere very attractve to Goethe" 'ho)ade h) hs nt)ate frend( The table of the /raeulen Aauth recevedso)e ne' guests( A)ong these 'as Jung-3tllng" the self-educatedcharcoal-burner" 'ho n hs )e)or has left a gra!hc account ofGoetheFs strkng a!!earance" n hs broad bro'" hs flashng eye" hs)astery of the co)!any" and hs generosty( Another 'as Aerse" a frank"o!en character" 'ho beca)e GoetheFs favorte" and 'hose na)e s))ortalLed n GoetL von Berlchngen(GoetheFs stay at 3trasburg s generally connected stll )ore closely'th another crcu)stance--hs !asson for /rederke Bron of 3esenhe)(The vllage les about t'enty )les fro) 3trasburg" and her father 'as!astor there( Goethe 'as ntroduced by hs frend Weyland" as a !oortheologcal student( The father 'as a s)!le" 'orthy )an" the eldest ofthe three daughters 'as )arred" the t'o younger re)aned--9ara 3alo)e"and /rederke" to 'ho) the !oet !rnc!ally devoted h)self( 3he 'astall and slght" 'th far har and blue eyes" and just sxteen years ofage( Goethe gave h)self u! to the !asson of the )o)ent( *urng the'nter of 466;" Goethe often rode over to 3esenhe)( Cether stor)" norcold" nor darkness ke!t h) back( As hs t)e for leavng 3trasburg ca)enearer he felt that hs love 'as )erely a drea) and could have noserous ter)naton( /rederke felt the sa)e on her sde( On August %thGoethe took hs degree as a doctor of la'( 3hortly after'ards he badeadeu to 3esenhe)( /rederke lved tll 4@4$ and ded sngle(GoetheFs return to /rankfort s )arked by a nu)ber of songs" of 'hchthe +WandererFs 3tur)led+ s the )ost re)arkable( 2e had outgro'n )anyof the frends of hs youth( Those 'th 'ho) he felt )ost sy)!athy 'erethe t'o 3chlossers and hs sster &ornela( 2e found n her one 'hosy)!athLed 'th all hs as!ratons( The 'ork nto 'hch he thre' allhs genus 'as the dra)atLaton of the hstory of the )!eral knghtof the 9ddle Ages" Gottfred or GoetL von Berlchngen( The ))edatecause of ths enter!rse 'as hs enthusas) for 3hakes!eare( Afterreadng h) he felt" he sad" lke a blnd )an 'ho suddenly receves hssght( The study of a dry and dull bogra!hy of GoetL" !ublshed n 46$4"su!!led the subject for hs a'akened !o'ers( /ro) ths )serable sketchhe conceved 'thn hs )nd a co)!lete !cture of Ger)any n thesxteenth century( The chef characters of hs !lay are creatures of hs)agnaton" re!resentng the !rnc!al ty!es 'hch )ade u! the hstoryof the t)e( Every !ersonage s )ade to lveH they s!eak n short" shar!sentences lke the !o'erful lnes of a great )asterFs dra'ng( The frstsketch of GoetL 'as fnshed n sx 'eeks" n the autu)n of 4664( ,t ranlke 'ld-fre through the 'hole of Ger)any(Goethe left /rankfort n the s!rng of 466: for WetLlar" a Guet countryto'n on the Aahn" one of the seats of govern)ent of the 2oly 1o)anE)!re( The e)!erors lved at 0ennaH they 'ere cro'ned at /rankfortHthey held ther !arla)ents at 1atsbon" and at WetLlar ther courts ofjustce( ,t 'as the custo) for young la'yers to attend the sttngs ofthese courts for a certan t)e before they could be ad)tted to!ractce on ther o'n account( The co)!any of these students" of thee)basses fro) the co)!onent !arts of the e)!re" and of varous)!eral offcals" )ade the socety a !leasant and lvely one( Goethesoon found frends( 2s favorte house 'as occu!ed by one of theoffcals of the order" by na)e Buff" an honest )an 'th a large fa)lyof chldren( The second daughter" Aotte" blue-eyed" far and just t'entyyears of age" 'as frst )et by Goethe" shortly after hs arrval" at aball at Wol!ertshausen( 3he strongly attracted h)H he beca)e a constantvstor at the house( 2e found that Aotte 'as a second )other to herbrothers and ssters( Aotte" 'as really" though not for)ally" engaged toDestner" a )an of t'o-and-thrty" secretary to the 2anoveran legaton(The dscovery of ths relaton )ade no dfference to GoetheH he re)anedthe devoted frend to both( But the !oston 'as too crtcal to last(On 3e!te)ber 4; they )et n the Ger)an house for the last t)e( Goetheand 3chlosser 'ent together to WetLlar n Cove)ber( 2ere he heard of thedeath of Jerusale)" a young )an attached to the Bruns'ck legaton( 2ehad been 'th Goethe at the Bnversty of Ae!sc( Of a )oodyte)!era)ent" dsheartened by falure n hs !rofesson" and soured by aho!eless !asson for the 'fe of another" he had borro'ed a !ar of!stols under !retense of a journey" and had shot h)self on the nghtof October :5(Goethe ))edately after'ards began hs Werther( Goethe tells us that t'as 'rtten n four 'eeks( ,n October t s!read over the 'hole ofGer)any( ,t 'as enthusastcally beloved or sternly conde)ned( ,t 'as!rnted" )tated" translated nto every language of Euro!e( GoetL andWerther for)ed the sold foundaton of GoetheFs fa)e( ,t s dffcult to)agne that the sa)e )an can have !roduced both 'orks" so dfferent arethey n )atter and style( GoetL 'as the frst )anly a!!eal to thechvalry of Ger)an s!rt" 'hch" caught u! by other voces" soundedthroughout the /atherland lke the call of a 'arderFs tru)!et" tll t!roduced a natonal courage" founded on the recollecton of anllustrous !ast" 'hch overthre' the )ght of the conGueror at the)o)ent 'hen he see)ed about to do)nate the 'orld( Werther" as soft and)elodous as Plato" 'as the frst revelaton to the 'orld of that)arvelous style 'hch" n the hands of a )aster" co)!els a language'hch s as rch as Greek to be also as )uscal(The s!rng of 466$" 'hch 'tnessed the !ublcaton of GoetL" sa' h)actvely e)!loyed as an advocate( ,n Cove)ber" GoetheFs sster &ornela'as )arred to 3chlosser and left 3trasburg( Goethe felt the lossdee!ly( 3he lved but a short t)e( 2er )arred lfe 'as tortured 'thsufferng" and she ded n 4666(The su))er of 466< 'as s!ent n a journey to the 1hne( Goethe returnedto /rankfort at the begnnng of August( On *ece)ber 44" Goethe 'assur!rsed by the vst of a stranger( ,t 'as Darl Aud'g von Dnebel" 'ho'as travelng 'th the t'o !rnces of 3axe-We)ar" the regnng duke"Darl August" then just seventeen" and hs younger brother" &onstantne(Ths )eetng decded the future course of GoetheFs lfe(2e no' ca)e under the nfluence of Al 3choene)ann" the daughter of arch banker( Ths !asson see)ed to be of a )ore lastng nature than theothers(Cether fa)ly a!!roved of the engage)ent bet'een the youthful cou!le(Goethe tore h)self a'ay" and 'ent for a tour n 3'tLerland(2e returned to /rankfort on July :;( August 'as s!ent delghtfully 'thAl at OffenbachH hs letters s!eak of nothng but her( 2e 'rote so)escenes n /aust--the 'alk n the garden" the frst conversaton 'th9e!hsto!heles" the nterve' 'th the scholar" the scene n AuerbachFscellar( Eg)ont 'as also begun under the st)ulus of the A)ercan1ebellon( A 'ay of esca!ng fro) hs e)barrass)ents 'as unex!ectedlyo!ened to h)( The duke of We)ar !assed through /rankfort both beforeand after hs )arrage" 'hch took !lace on October $( 2e nvted Goetheto stay at We)ar( ,t 'as not for hs ha!!ness or for AlFs that theyshould have )arred( 3he after'ards thanked h) dee!ly for the fr)ness'th 'hch he overca)e a te)!taton to 'hch she 'ould have yelded(At ths t)e the s)aller Ger)an courts 'ere begnnng to take annterest n Ger)an lterature( Before the 3even -earsF War the 'hole ofGer)an culture had been /rench( Even no' Ger)an 'rters found but scantacce!tance at Berln or 0enna( The !rnces of the s)aller statessurrounded the)selves 'th lterature and art( The duke of Bruns'ck had)ade Aessng hs lbraran( The duke of Wuerte)berg !ad s!ecalattenton to educatonH he !ro)oted the ve's of 3chubart" and foundedthe school n 'hch 3chller 'as educated( 2anover offered a ho)e toO))er)ann" and encouraged the develo!)ent of 3chlegel( *ar)stadt 'ases!ecally fortunate( &arolne" the 'fe of the landgrave" hadsurrounded herself 'th a lterary crcle" of 'hch 9erck 'as the )ovngs!rt( 3he had collected and !rvately !rnted the odes of Dlo!stock"and her death n 466< see)ed to leave *ar)stadt a desert( 2er daughter"Aousa" see)ed to have nherted so)ethng of her )otherFs Gualtes(3he )arred" on October $"466>" the young duke of We)ar" 'ho 'as justof age( 3he 'as of the house of Bruns'ck" and after t'o years of)arrage had been left a 'do' at nneteen" 'th t'o sons( 3he co))ttedther educaton to &ount GoerL" a !ro)nent character n the hstory ofthe t)e( 3he after'ards su))oned Weland to nstruct the elder" andDnebel to nstruct the younger(B!on ths socety Goethe rose lke a star( /ro) the )o)ent of hsarrval he beca)e the nse!arable co)!anon of the grand-duke( The frst)onths at We)ar 'ere s!ent n a 'ld round of !leasure( Goethe 'astreated as a guest( ,n the autu)n" journeys" rdes" shootng !artesH nthe 'nter" balls" )asGuerades" skatng !artes by torch-lght" dancngat !easantsF feasts" flled u! ther t)e( Evl re!orts fle' aboutGer)any( We )ay beleve that no decences 'ere dsregarded exce!t theartfcal restrctons of courtly etGuette( ,n the s!rng he had todecde 'hether he 'ould go or stay( ,n A!rl the duke gave h) thelttle garden by the sde of the ,l)( ,n June he nvested h) 'th thettle" so )!ortant to Ger)ans" of IGehe)legatonsrathI" 'th aseat and voce n the !rvy councl and an nco)e(GoetheFs lfe 'as at no t)e co)!lete 'thout the nfluence of a noble-hearted 'o)an( Ths he found n &harlotte von 3ten" a lady of thecourt" 'fe of the )aster of the horse(The close of 4665 'as occu!ed by a 'nter journey to 3'tLerland( T'odays 'ere s!ent at /rankfort 'th GoetheFs !arents( 3esenhe) 'asvsted" and left 'th satsfacton and content)ent( At 3trasburg theyfound as to Aessng( The re!ertore of the We)ar theater 'as stocked'th !eces of sold )ert" 'hch long held ther !lace( ,n August"465:" he acco)!aned the duke to the ca)!agn n the Ardennes( ,n 465$he 'ent 'th hs )aster to the sege of 9anL( Goethe took the oldGer)an e!c of 1eynard the /ox" 'th 'hch he had long been fa)lar"and 'hch" under the guse of an)als" re!resents the conflctng!assons of )en" and re'rote t(Thus far he had !roduced but lttle snce hs return fro) ,taly( 2sfrendsh! 'th 3chller 'as no' to begn" an allance 'hch" n thecloseness of ts nt)acy and ts dee! effect on the character of bothfrends" has scarcely a !arallel n lterary hstory( ,f 3chller 'asnot at ths t)e at the heght of hs re!utaton" he had 'rtten )any ofthe 'orks 'hch have )ade hs na)e fa)ous( 2e 'as ten years younger thanGoethe( The 1aeuber !lays the sa)e !art n hs lterary hstory as GoetL!lays n that of Goethe( Ths had been follo'ed by /esco and Dabale undAebe( ,n 46@6 he settled at We)ar( The frst effect of 3chllerFsnfluence on Goethe 'as the co)!leton of Wlhel) 9esterFsA!!rentcesh!( ,t stands n the frst rank of GoetheFs 'rtngs( A )oresold result of the frendsh! bet'een the !oets 'as the !roducton of2er)ann und *orothea(The latter half of 465@ 'as occu!ed 'th a tour n 3'tLerland( Beforets co))ence)ent he vsted hs )other at /rankfort for the last t)e"and !resented to her hs 'fe and hs son( ,n the begnnng of 4@;>Goethe 'as convnced that ether he or 3chller 'ould de n that year(,n January they 'ere both seLed 'th llness( 3chller 'as the frst torecover" and" vstng Goethe n hs sck roo)" fell on hs neck andkssed h) 'th ntense e)oton( On A!rl :5 they sa' each other for thelast t)e( 3chller 'as on hs 'ay to the theater" 'hther Goethe 'astoo ll to acco)!any h)( They !arted at the door of 3chllerFs house(3chller ded on the evenng of the 5th of 9ay( Co one dared to tellGoethe the sad ne's" but he sa' on the faces of those 'ho surrounded h)that 3chller )ust be very ll( On the )orro' of 3chllerFs death" 'henhs 'fe entered hs roo)" he sad" +,s t not true that 3chller 'asvery ll yesterdayM+ 3he began to sob( 2e then cred" +2e s dead7++Thou hast s!oken t thyself"+ she ans'ered( Goethe turned asde andcovered hs 'ee!ng eyes 'th hs hands( 3nce that t)e 3chller andGoethe have been nse!arable n the )nds of ther country)en(On October 4%" had , co)!leted )yseventh year" than that 'orld-reno'ned 'ar broke out 'hch 'as also toexert great nfluence u!on the next seven years of )y lfe( /rederckthe 3econd" Dng of Prussa" had fallen u!on 3axony 'th sxty thousand)enH and" nstead of announcng hs nvason by a declaraton of 'ar" hefollo'ed t u! 'th a )anfesto" co)!osed by h)self as t 'as sad"'hch ex!laned the causes that had )oved and justfed h) n so)onstrous a ste!( The 'orld" 'hch sa' tself a!!ealed to" not )erely ass!ectator" but as judge" ))edately s!lt nto t'o !artesH and ourfa)ly 'as an )age of the great 'hole(9y grandfather" 'ho" as I3choeffI of /rankfort" had carred thecoronaton cano!y over /rancs the /rst" and had receved fro) thee)!ress a heavy gold chan 'th her lkeness" took the Austran sdealong 'th so)e of hs sons-n-la' and daughters( 9y father havng beenno)nated to the )!eral councl by &harles the 3eventh" andsy)!athLng sncerely n the fate of that unha!!y )onarch" leanedto'ards Prussa" 'th the other and s)aller half of the fa)ly( Our)eetngs" 'hch had been held on 3undays for )any years unnterru!tedly"'ere very soon dsturbed( The )sunderstandngs so co))on a)ong !ersonsrelated by )arrage" found only no' a for) n 'hch they could beex!ressed( &ontenton" dscord" slence" and se!araton ensued( 9ygrandfather" generally a cheerful" Guet )an" and fond of ease" beca)e)!atent( The 'o)en vanly endeavored to s)other the fla)esH and" afterso)e un!leasant scenes" )y father 'as the frst to Gut the socety( Atho)e 'e no' rejoced undsturbed at the Prussan vctores" 'hch 'ereco))only announced 'th great glee by our vvacous aunt( Every othernterest had to gve 'ay to ths" and 'e !assed the rest of the year n!er!etual agtaton( The occu!aton of *resden" the )oderaton of thekng at the outset" hs slo' but secure advances" the vctory atAo'ostL" the ca!ture of the 3axons" 'ere so )any tru)!hs for our!arty( Every thng that could be alleged for the advantage of ouro!!onents 'as dened or de!recatedH and" as the )e)bers of the fa)lyon the other sde dd the sa)e" they could not )eet n the streets'thout ds!utes arsng" as n +1o)eo and Julet(+Thus , also 'as then a Prussan n )y ve's" or" to s!eak )orecorrectly" a /rtLanH snce 'hat cared 'e for PrussaM ,t 'as the!ersonal character of the great kng that 'orked u!on all hearts( ,rejoced 'th )y father n our conGuests" readly co!ed the songs oftru)!h" and al)ost )ore 'llngly the la)!oons drected aganst theother !arty" !oor as the rhy)es )ght be(Beng ther eldest grandson and godchld" , had dned every 3unday snce)y nfancy 'th )y grandfather and grand)otherH and the hours so s!enthad been the )ost delghtful of the 'hole 'eek( But no' , relshed not a)orsel" because , 'as co)!elled to hear the )ost horrble slanders of )yhero( 2ere ble' another 'nd" here sounded another tone" than at ho)e(9y lkng and even )y res!ect for )y grandfather and grand)other felloff( , could )enton nothng of ths to )y !arents" but avoded the)atter" both on account of )y o'n feelngs" and because , had been'arned by )y )other( ,n ths 'ay , 'as thro'n back u!on )yselfH and asn )y sxth year" after the earthGuake at Asbon" the goodness of Godhad beco)e to )e n so)e )easure sus!cous8 so , began no'" on accountof /rederck the 3econd" to doubt the justce of the !ublc( 9y heart'as naturally nclned to reverence" and t reGured a great shock tostagger )y fath n any thng that 'as venerable( But alas7 they hadco))ended good )anners and a beco)ng de!ort)ent to us" not for thero'n sake" but for the sake of the !eo!le( What 'll !eo!le sayM 'asal'ays the cryH and , thought that the !eo!le )ust be rght good !eo!le"and 'ould kno' ho' to judge of any thng and every thng( But )yex!erence 'ent just to the contrary( The greatest and )ost sgnalservces 'ere defa)ed and attackedH the noblest deeds" f not dened"'ere at least )sre!resented and d)nshedH and ths base njustce 'asdone to the only )an 'ho 'as )anfestly elevated above all hsconte)!orares" and 'ho daly !roved 'hat he 'as able to do"--and that"not by the !o!ulace" but by dstngushed )en" as , took )y grandfatherand uncles to be( That !artes exsted" and that he h)self belonged toa !arty" had never entered nto the conce!tons of the boy( 2e"therefore" beleved h)self all the )ore rght" and dared hold hs o'no!non for the better oneH snce he and those of lke )nd a!!recatedthe beauty and other good Gualtes of 9ara Theresa" and even dd notgrudge the E)!eror /rancs hs love of je'ellery and )oney( That &ount*aun 'as often called an old doLer" they thought justfable(But" no' that , look )ore closely nto the )atter" , here trace the ger)of that dsregard and even dsdan of the !ublc" 'hch clung to )e fora 'hole !erod of )y lfe" and only n later days 'as brought 'thnbounds by nsght and cultvaton( 3uffce t to say" that the!erce!ton of the njustce of !artes had even then a very un!leasant"nay" an njurous" effect u!on the boyH as t accusto)ed h) to se!arateh)self fro) beloved and hghly valued !ersons( The Guck successon ofbattles and events left the !artes nether Guet nor rest( We everfound a )alcous delght n revvng and reshar!enng those )agnaryevls and ca!rcous ds!utesH and thus 'e contnued to tease eachother" untl the occu!aton of /rankfort by the /rench so)e yearsafter'ards brought real nconvenence nto our ho)es(Although to )ost of us the )!ortant events occurrng n dstant !artsserved only for to!cs of hot controversy" there 'ere others 'ho!erceved the serousness of the t)es" and feared that the sy)!athy of/rance )ght o!en a scene of 'ar n our o'n vcnty( They ke!t uschldren at ho)e )ore than before" and strove n )any 'ays to occu!y anda)use us( Wth ths ve'" the !u!!et-sho' beGueathed by our grand)other'as agan brought forth" and arranged n such a 'ay that the s!ectatorssat n )y gable-roo)H 'hle the !ersons )anagng and !erfor)ng" as 'ellas the theatre tself as far as the !roscenu)" found a !lace n theroo) adjonng( We 'ere allo'ed" as a s!ecal favor" to nvte frst oneand then another of the neghborFs chldren as s!ectatorsH and thus atthe outset , ganed )any frends" but the restlessness nherent nchldren dd not suffer the) to re)an long a !atent audence( Theynterru!ted the !layH and 'e 'ere co)!elled to seek a younger !ublc"'hch could at any rate be ke!t n order by the nurses and )ads( Theorgnal dra)a" to 'hch the !u!!ets had been s!ecally ada!ted" 'e hadlearned by heartH and n the begnnng ths 'as exclusvely !erfor)ed(3oon gro'ng 'eary of t" ho'ever" 'e changed the dresses anddecoratons" and atte)!ted varous other !eces" 'hch 'ere ndeed ontoo grand a scale for so narro' a stage( Although ths !resu)!tons!oled and fnally Gute destroyed 'hat 'e !erfor)ed" such chldsh!leasures and e)!loy)ents nevertheless exercsed and advanced n )any'ays )y !o'er of nventon and re!resentaton" )y fancy" and a certantechncal skll" to a degree 'hch n any other 'ay could not !erha!shave been secured n so short a t)e" n so confned a s!ace" and at solttle ex!ense(, had early learned to use co)!asses and ruler" because all thenstructons they gave )e n geo)etry 'ere forth'th !ut nto !ractceHand , occu!ed )yself greatly 'th !aste-board-'ork( , dd not sto! atgeo)etrcal fgures" lttle boxes" and such thngs" but nvented !retty!leasure-houses adorned 'th !lasters" ste!s" and flat roofs( 2o'ever"but lttle of ths 'as co)!leted(/ar )ore !erseverng 'as ," on the other hand" n arrangng" 'th thehel! of our do)estc Ja talor by tradeK" an ar)ory for the servce ofour !lays and tragedes" 'hch 'e ourselves !erfor)ed 'th delght 'hen'e had outgro'n the !u!!ets( 9y !layfello's" too" !re!ared forthe)selves such ar)ores" 'hch they consdered to be Gute as fne andgood as )neH but , had )ade !rovson" not for the 'ants of one !ersononly" and could furnsh several of the lttle band 'th every reGuste"and thus )ade )yself )ore and )ore nds!ensable to our lttle crcle(That such ga)es tended to factons" Guarrels" and blo's" and co))onlyca)e to a sad end n tu)ult and vexaton" )ay easly be su!!osed( ,nsuch cases certan of )y co)!anons generally took !art 'th )e" 'hleothers sded aganst )eH though )any changes of !arty occurred( Onesngle boy" 'ho) , 'll call Pylades" urged by the others" once onlyleft )y !arty" but could scarcely for a )o)ent )antan hs hostle!oston( We 'ere reconcled a)d )any tears" and for a long t)eafter'ards ke!t fathfully together(To h)" as 'ell as other 'ell-'shers" , could render )yself veryagreeable by tellng tales" 'hch they )ost delghted to hear 'hen , 'asthe hero of )y o'n story( ,t greatly rejoced the) to kno' that such'onderful thngs could befall one of ther o'n !layfello'sH nor 'as tany har) that they dd not understand ho' , could fnd t)e and s!acefor such adventures" as they )ust have been !retty 'ell a'are of all )yco)ngs and gongs" and ho' , 'as occu!ed the entre day( Cot the lessnecessary 'as t for )e to select the localtes of these occurrences"f not n another 'orld" at least n another s!otH and yet all 'as toldas havng taken !lace only to-day or yesterday( They therefore had tofor) for the)selves greater llusons than , could have !al)ed off u!onthe)( ,f , had not gradually learned" n accordance 'th the nstnctsof )y nature" to 'ork u! these vsons and concets nto artstc for)s"such van-glorous begnnngs could not have gone on 'thout !roducngevl conseGuences for )yself n the end(&onsderng ths )!ulse )ore closely" 'e )ay see n t that !resu)!ton'th 'hch the !oet authortatvely utters the greatest )!robabltes"and reGures every one to recognLe as real 'hatever )ay n any 'ay see)to h)" the nventor" as true(But 'hat s here told only n general ter)s" and by 'ay of reflecton"'ll !erha!s beco)e )ore a!!arent and nterestng by )eans of anexa)!le( , subjon" therefore" one of these tales" 'hch" as , often hadto re!eat t to )y co)rades" stll hovers entre n )y )agnaton and)e)ory( T2E CEW PA1,3(A BO-F3 AEGEC*(On the nght before Whtsunday" not long snce" , drea)ed that , stoodbefore a )rror engaged 'th the ne' su))er clothes 'hch )y dear!arents had gven )e for the holday( The dress conssted" as you kno'"of shoes of !olshed leather" 'th large slver buckles" fne cottonstockngs" black nether gar)ents of serge" and a coat of green baracan'th gold buttons( The 'astcoat of gold cloth 'as cut out of )yfatherFs brdal 'astcoat( 9y har had been frLLled and !o'dered" and)y curls stuck out fro) )y head lke lttle 'ngsH but , could notfnsh dressng )yself" because , ke!t confusng the dfferent artcles"the frst al'ays fallng off as soon as , 'as about to !ut on the next(,n ths dle))a" a young and handso)e )an ca)e to )e" and greeted )e nthe frendlest )anner( +Oh7 you are 'elco)e"+ sad ,8 +, a) very gladto see you here(+--+*o you kno' )e" thenM+ re!led he" s)lng( +WhynotM+ 'as )y no less s)lng ans'er( +-ou are 9ercury--, have oftenenough seen you re!resented n !ctures(+--+, a)" ndeed"+ re!led he"+and a) sent to you by the gods on an )!ortant errand( *o you see thesethree a!!lesM+ 2e stretched forth hs hand and sho'ed )e three a!!les"'hch t could hardly hold" and 'hch 'ere as 'onderfully beautful asthey 'ere large" the one of a red" the other of a yello'" the thrd of agreen" color( One could not hel! thnkng they 'ere !recous stones )adento the for) of frut( , 'ould have snatched the)H but he dre' back"and sad" +-ou )ust kno'" n the frst !lace" that they are not for you(-ou )ust gve the) to the three handso)est youths of the cty" 'ho then"each accordng to hs lot" 'll fnd 'ves to the ut)ost of ther'shes( Take the)" and success to you7+ sad he" as he de!arted" leavngthe a!!les n )y o!en hands( They a!!eared to )e to have beco)e stlllarger( , held the) u! at once aganst the lght" and found the) Gutetrans!arentH but soon they ex!anded u!'ard" and beca)e three beautfullttle lades about as large as )ddle-sLed dolls" 'hose clothes 'ereof the colors of the a!!les( They glded gently u! )y fngers8 and 'hen, 'as about to catch the)" to )ake sure of one at least" they hadalready soared hgh and farH and , had to !ut u! 'th thedsa!!ont)ent( , stood there all a)aLed and !etrfed" holdng u! )yhands" and starng at )y fngers as f there 'ere stll so)ethng onthe) to see( 3uddenly , sa' a )ost lovely grl dance u!on the very t!s(3he 'as s)aller" but !retty and lvelyH and as she dd not fly a'ay lkethe others" but re)aned dancng" no' on one fnger-!ont" no' onanother" , regarded her for a long 'hle 'th ad)raton( And" as she!leased )e so )uch" , thought n the end , could catch her" and )ade" as, fanced" a very adrot gras!( But at the )o)ent , felt such a blo' on)y head that , fell do'n stunned" and dd not a'ake fro) )y stu!or tllt 'as t)e to dress )yself and go to church(*urng the servce , often called those )ages to )nd" and also 'hen ,'as eatng dnner at )y grandfatherFs table( ,n the afternoon , 'shedto vst so)e frends" !artly to sho' )yself n )y ne' dress" 'th )yhat under )y ar) and )y s'ord by )y sde" and !artly to return thervsts( , found no one at ho)eH and" as , heard that they 'ere gone tothe gardens" , resolved to follo' the)" and !ass the evenng !leasantly(9y 'ay led to'ards the ntrench)entsH and , ca)e to the s!ot 'hch srghtly called the Bad Wall" for t s never Gute safe fro) ghoststhere( , 'alked slo'ly" and thought of )y three goddesses" butes!ecally of the lttle ny)!h" and often held u! )y fngers n ho!esshe )ght be knd enough to balance herself there agan( Wth suchthoughts , 'as !roceedng" 'hen , sa' n the 'all on )y left hand alttle gate 'hch , dd not re)e)ber to have ever notced before( ,tlooked lo'" but ts !onted arch 'ould have allo'ed the tallest )an toenter( Arch and 'all had been chselled n the handso)est 'ay" both by)ason and scul!torH but t 'as the door tself 'hch frst !ro!erlyattracted )y attenton( The old bro'n 'ood" though slghtly orna)ented"'as crossed 'th broad bands of brass 'rought both n relef andntaglo( The folage on these" 'th the )ost natural brds sttng nt" , could not suffcently ad)re( But" 'hat see)ed )ost re)arkable"no keyhole could be seen" no latch" no knockerH and fro) ths ,conjectured that the door could be o!ened only fro) 'thn( , 'as not nerrorH for" 'hen , 'ent nearer n order to touch the orna)ents" to!ened n'ardsH and there a!!eared a )an 'hose dress 'as so)e'hat long"'de" and sngular( A venerable beard envelo!ed hs chn" so that , 'asnclned to thnk h) a Je'( But he" as f he had dvned )y thoughts")ade the sgn of the holy cross" by 'hch he gave )e to understand thathe 'as a good &atholc &hrstan( +-oung gentle)an" ho' ca)e you here"and 'hat are you dongM+ he sad to )e" 'th a frendly voce and)anner(+ , a) ad)rng"+ , re!led"+ the 'ork)ansh! of ths doorH for ,have never seen any thng lke t" exce!t n so)e s)all !eces n thecollectons of a)ateurs(+--+, a) glad"+ he ans'ered" +that you lke such'orks( The door s )uch )ore beautful nsde( &o)e n" f you lke(+ 9yheart" n so)e degree" faled )e( The )ysterous dress of the !orter"the secluson" and a so)ethng" , kno' not 'hat" that see)ed to be nthe ar" o!!ressed )e( , !aused" therefore" under the !retext ofexa)nng the outsde stll longerH and at the sa)e t)e , cast stolenglances nto the garden" for a garden t 'as 'hch had o!ened before )e(Just nsde the door , sa' a s!ace( Old lnden-trees" standng atregular dstances fro) each other" entrely covered t 'th therthckly nter'oven branchesH so that the )ost nu)erous !artes" durngthe hottest of the day" )ght have refreshed the)selves n the shade(Already , had ste!!ed u!on the threshold" and the old )an contrvedgradually to allure )e on( Pro!erly s!eakng" , dd not resstH for ,had al'ays heard that a !rnce or sultan n such a case )ust never ask'hether there be danger at hand( , had )y s'ord by )y sde tooH andcould , not soon have fnshed 'th the old )an" n case of hostlede)onstratonsM , therefore entered !erfectly re-assured8 the kee!erclosed the door" 'hch bolted so softly that , scarcely heard t( 2e no'sho'ed )e the 'ork)ansh! on the nsde" 'hch n truth 'as stll )oreartstc than the outsde" ex!laned t to )e" and at the sa)e t)e)anfested !artcular good 'll( Beng thus entrely at )y ease" , let)yself be guded n the shaded s!ace by the 'all" that for)ed a crcle"'here , found )uch to ad)re( Cches tastefully adorned 'th shells"corals" and !eces of ore" !oured a !rofuson of 'ater fro) the )outhsof trtons nto )arble basns( Bet'een the) 'ere avares and otherlattce-'ork" n 'hch sGurrels frsked about" gunea-!gs ran htherand thther" 'th as )any other !retty lttle creatures as one could'sh to see( The brds called and sang to us as 'e advanced8 thestarlngs" !artcularly" chattered the sllest stuff( One al'ays cred"+Pars" Pars7+ and the other" +Carcssus" Carcssus7+ as !lanly as aschoolboy can say the)( The old )an see)ed to contnue lookng at )eearnestly 'hle the brds called out thusH but , fegned not to notcet" and had n truth no t)e to attend to h)" for , could easly!erceve that 'e 'ent round and round" and that ths shaded s!ace 'as nfact a great crcle" 'hch enclosed another )uch )ore )!ortant( ,ndeed"'e had actually reached the s)all door agan" and t see)ed as thoughthe old )an 'ould let )e out( But )y eyes re)aned drected to'ards agolden ralng" 'hch see)ed to hedge round the )ddle of ths 'onderfulgarden" and 'hch , had found )eans enough of observng n our 'alkHalthough the old )an )anaged to kee! )e al'ays close to the 'all" andtherefore !retty far fro) the centre( And no'" just as he 'as gong tothe door" , sad to h)" 'th a bo'" +-ou have been so extre)ely knd to)e that , 'ould fan venture to )ake one )ore reGuest before , !art fro)you( 9ght , not look )ore closely at that golden ralng" 'hch a!!earsto enclose n a very 'de crcle the nteror of the gardenM+--+0ery'llngly"+ re!led he" +but n that case you )ust sub)t to so)econdtons(+--+,n 'hat do they consstM+ , asked hastly( +-ou )ustleave here your hat and s'ord" and )ust not let go )y hand 'hle ,acco)!any you(+--+9ost 'llngly"+ , re!ledH and lad )y hat and s'ordon the nearest stone bench( ,))edately he gras!ed )y left hand 'th hsrght" held t fast" and led )e 'th so)e force straght for'ards( When'e reached the ralng" )y 'onder changed nto a)aLe)ent( On a hghsocle of )arble stood nnu)erable s!ears and !artsans" ranged beneatheach other" joned by ther strangely orna)ented !onts" and for)ng aco)!lete crcle( , looked through the ntervals" and sa' just behnd agently flo'ng !ece of 'ater" bounded on both sdes by )arble" andds!layng n ts clear de!ths a )ulttude of gold and slver fsh"'hch )oved about no' slo'ly and no' s'ftly" no' alone and no' nshoals( , 'ould also fan have looked beyond the canal" to see 'hatthere 'as n the heart of the garden( But , found" to )y great sorro'"that the other sde of the 'ater 'as bordered by a s)lar ralng" and'th so )uch art" that to each nterval on ths sde exactly ftted as!ear or !artsan on the other( These" and the other orna)ents" renderedt )!ossble for one to see through" stand as he 'ould( Besdes" theold )an" 'ho stll held )e fast" !revented )e fro) )ovng freely( 9ycurosty" )ean'hle" after all , had seen" ncreased )ore and )oreH and, took heart to ask the old )an 'hether one could not !ass over( +WhynotM+ returned he" +but on ne' condtons(+ When , asked h) 'hat these'ere" he gave )e to understand that , )ust !ut on other clothes( , 'assatsfed to do so8 he led )e back to'ards the 'all nto a s)all" neatroo)" on the sdes of 'hch hung )any knds of gar)ents" all of 'hchsee)ed to a!!roach the Orental costu)e( , soon changed )y dress( 2econfned )y !o'dered har under a )any-colored net" after havng to )yhorror volently dusted t out( Co'" standng before a great )rror" ,found )yself Gute handso)e n )y dsguse" and !leased )yself betterthan n )y for)al 3unday clothes( , )ade gestures" and lea!ed" as , hadseen the dancers do at the far-theatre( ,n the )dst of ths , lookedn the glass" and sa' by chance the )age of a nche 'hch 'as behnd)e( On ts 'hte ground hung three green cords" each of the) t'sted u!n a 'ay 'hch fro) the dstance , could not clearly dscern( ,therefore turned round rather hastly" and asked the old )an about thenche as 'ell as the cords( 2e very courteously took a cord do'n" andsho'ed t to )e( ,t 'as a band of green slk of )oderate thckness" theends of 'hch" joned by green leather 'th t'o holes n t" gave t thea!!earance of an nstru)ent for no very desrable !ur!ose( The thngstruck )e as sus!cous" and , asked the old )an the )eanng( 2eans'ered )e very Guetly and kndly" +Ths s for those 'ho abuse theconfdence 'hch s here readly sho'n the)(+ 2e hung the cord agan nts !lace" and ))edately desred )e to follo' h)H for ths t)e hedd not hold )e" and so , 'alked freely besde h)(9y chef curosty no' 'as" to dscover 'here the gate and brdge" for!assng through the ralng and over the canal" )ght beH snce as yet ,had not been able to fnd any thng of the knd( , therefore 'atched thegolden fence very narro'ly as 'e hastened to'ards t( But n a )o)ent )ysght faled8 lances" s!ears" halberds" and !artsans began unex!ectedlyto rattle and GuverH and the strange )ove)ent ended n all the !ontssnkng to'ards each other just as f t'o ancent hosts" ar)ed 'th!kes" 'ere about to charge( The confuson to the eyes" the clatter tothe ears" 'as hardly to be borneH but nfntely sur!rsng 'as thesght" 'hen" fallng !erfectly level" they covered the crcle of thecanal" and for)ed the )ost glorous brdge that one can )agne( /or no'a )ost varegated garden !arterre )et )y sght( ,t 'as lad out ncurvlnear beds" 'hch" looked at together" for)ed a labyrnth oforna)entsH all 'th green borders of a lo'" 'oolly !lant" 'hch , hadnever seen beforeH all 'th flo'ers" each dvson of dfferent colors"'hch" beng lke'se lo' and close to the ground" allo'ed the !lan tobe easly traced( Ths delcous sght" 'hch , enjoyed n the fullsunshne" Gute rveted )y eyes( But , hardly kne' 'here , 'as to set )yfootH for the ser!entne !aths 'ere )ost delcately lad 'th blue sand"'hch see)ed to for) u!on the earth a darker sky" or a sky seen n the'ater8 and so , 'alked for a 'hle besde )y conductor" 'th )y eyesfxed u!on the ground" untl at last , !erceved" that" n the )ddle ofths round of beds and flo'ers" there 'as a great crcle of cy!resses or!o!lar-lke trees" through 'hch one could not see" because the lo'estbranches see)ed to s!rng out of the ground( 9y gude" 'thout takng )eexactly the shortest 'ay" led )e nevertheless ))edately to'ards thatcentreH and ho' 'as , astonshed" 'hen" on enterng the crcle of hghtrees" , sa' before )e the !erstyle of a )agnfcent garden-house"'hch see)ed to have s)lar !ros!ects and entrances on the other sdes7The heavenly )usc 'hch strea)ed fro) the buldng trans!orted )e stll)ore than ths )odel of archtecture( , fanced that , heard no' a lute"no' a har!" no' a gutar" and no' so)ethng tnklng 'hch dd notbelong to any of these nstru)ents( The door for 'hch 'e )ade o!enedsoon on beng lghtly touched by the old )an( But ho' 'as , a)aLed 'henthe !orteress 'ho ca)e out !erfectly rese)bled the delcate grl 'ho haddanced u!on )y fngers n the drea)7 3he greeted )e as f 'e 'erealready acGuanted" and nvted )e to 'alk n( The old )an stad behndHand , 'ent 'th her through a short !assage" arched and fnelyorna)ented" to the )ddle hall" the s!lendd" do)e-lke celng of 'hchattracted )y gaLe on )y entrance" and flled )e 'th astonsh)ent( -et)y eye could not d'ell on ths long" beng allured do'n by a )orechar)ng s!ectacle( On a car!et" drectly under the )ddle of thecu!ola" sat three 'o)en n a trangle" clad n three dfferent colors"--one red" the other yello'" the thrd green( The seats 'ere glt" and thecar!et 'as a !erfect flo'er-bed( ,n ther ar)s lay the three nstru)ents'hch , had been able to dstngush fro) 'thoutH for" beng dsturbedby )y arrval" they had sto!!ed ther !layng( +Welco)e7+ sad the)ddle one" 'ho sat 'th her face to the door" n a red dress" and 'ththe har!( +3t do'n by Alerte" and lsten" f you are a lover of )usc(+Co' only , re)arked that there 'as a rather long bench !laced oblGuelybefore the)" on 'hch lay a )andoln( The !retty grl took t u!" satdo'n" and dre' )e to her sde( Co' also , looked at the second lady on)y rght( 3he 'ore the yello' dress" and had the gutar n her handH andf the har!-!layer 'as dgnfed n for)" grand n features" and)ajestc n her de!ort)ent" one )ght re)ark n the gutar-!layer aneasy grace and cheerfulness( 3he 'as a slender blonde" 'hle the other'as adorned by dark-bro'n har( The varety and accordance of ther)usc could not !revent )e fro) re)arkng the thrd beauty" n the greendress" 'hose lute-!layng 'as for )e at once touchng and strkng( 3he'as the one 'ho see)ed to notce )e the )ost" and to drect her )usc to)e8 only , could not )ake u! )y )nd about herH for she a!!eared to )eno' tender" no' 'h)scal" no' frank" no' self-'lled" accordng as shechanged her )en and )ode of !layng( 3o)et)es she see)ed to 'sh toexcte )y e)otons" so)et)es to tease )eH but" do 'hat she 'ould" shegot lttle out of )eH for )y lttle neghbor" by 'ho) , sat elbo' toelbo'" had ganed )e entrely to herself8 and 'hle , clearly sa' nthose three lades the syl!hdes of )y drea)" and recognLed the colorsof the a!!les" , conceved that , had no cause to detan the)( , shouldhave lked better to lay hold of the !retty lttle )aden f , had notbut too 'ell re)e)bered the blo' she had gven )e n )y drea)( 2thertoshe had re)aned Gute Guet 'th her )andolnH but" 'hen her )stresseshad ceased" they co))anded her to !erfor) so)e !leasant lttle !ece(3carcely had she jngled off so)e dance-tune" n a )ost exctng )anner"than she s!rang u!8 , dd the sa)e( 3he !layed and dancedH , 'as hurredon to acco)!any her ste!sH and 'e executed a knd of lttle ballet" 'th'hch the lades see)ed satsfedH for" as soon as 'e had done" theyco))anded the lttle grl to refresh )e 'th so)ethng nce tll su!!ershould co)e n( , had ndeed forgotten that there 'as any thng n the'orld beyond ths !aradse( Alerte led )e back ))edately nto the!assage by 'hch , had entered( On one sde of t she had t'o 'ell-arranged roo)s( ,n that n 'hch she lved she set before )e oranges"fgs" !eaches" and gra!esH and , enjoyed 'th great gusto both thefruts of foregn lands and those of our o'n not yet n season(&onfectonery there 'as n !rofuson8 she flled" too" a goblet of!olshed crystal 'th foa)ng 'neH but , had no need to drnk" as , hadrefreshed )yself 'th the fruts( +Co' 'e 'll !lay"+ sad she" and led)e nto the other roo)( 2ere all looked lke a &hrst)as far" but suchcostly and exGuste thngs 'ere never seen n a &hrst)as booth( There'ere all knds of dolls" dollsF clothes" and dollsF furntureH ktchens"!arlors" and sho!s" and sngle toys nnu)erable( 3he led )e round to allthe glass cases n 'hch these ngenous 'orks 'ere !reserved(But she soon closed agan the frst cases" and sad" +That s nothngfor you" , kno' 'ell enough( 2ere"+ she sad" +'e could fnd buldng-)aterals" 'alls and to'ers" houses" !alaces" churches" to !ut togethera great cty( But ths does not entertan )e( We 'll take so)ethngelse" 'hch 'll be a)usng to both of us(+ Then she brought out so)eboxes" n 'hch , sa' an ar)y of lttle solders !led one u!on theother" of 'hch , )ust needs confess that , had never seen any thng sobeautful( 3he dd not leave )e t)e to exa)ne the) n detal" but tookone box under her ar)" 'hle , seLed the other( +We 'll go"+ she sad"+to the golden brdge( There one !lays best 'th solders8 the lancesgve at once the drecton n 'hch the ar)es are to be o!!osed to eachother(+ We had no' reached the golden" tre)blng floorH and belo' )e ,could hear the 'aters gurgle and the fshes s!lash" 'hle , knelt do'nto range )y colu)ns( All" as , no' sa'" 'ere cavalry( 3he boasted thatshe had the Gueen of the A)aLons as leader of her fe)ale host( ," on thecontrary" found Achlles and a very stately Grecan cavalry( The ar)esstood facng each other" and nothng could have been seen )orebeautful( They 'ere not flat" leaden horse)en lke oursH but )an andhorse 'ere round and sold" and )ost fnely 'rought8 nor could oneconceve ho' they ke!t ther balanceH for they stood of the)selves"'thout a su!!ort for ther feet(Both of us had ns!ected our hosts 'th )uch self-co)!lacency" 'hen sheannounced the onset( We had found ordnance n our chestsH vL(" lttleboxes full of 'ell-!olshed agate balls( Wth these 'e 'ere to fghtaganst each other fro) a certan dstanceH 'hle" ho'ever" t 'as anex!ress condton that 'e should not thro' 'th )ore force than 'asnecessary to u!set the fgures" as none of the) 'ere to be njured( Co'the cannonade began on both sdes" and at frst t succeeded to thesatsfacton of us both( But 'hen )y adversary observed that , a)edbetter than she" and )ght n the end 'n the vctory" 'hch de!ended onthe )ajorty of !eces re)anng u!rght" she ca)e nearer" and hergrlsh 'ay of thro'ng had then the desred result( 3he !rostrated a)ulttude of )y best troo!s" and the )ore , !rotested the )ore eagerlydd she thro'( Ths at last vexed )e" and , declared that , 'ould do thesa)e( ,n fact" , not only 'ent nearer" but n )y rage thre' 'th )uch)ore volenceH so that t 'as not long before a !ar of her lttlecentauresses fle' n !eces( ,n her eagerness she dd not nstantlynotce t" but , stood !etrfed 'hen the broken fgures joned togetheragan of the)selves8 A)aLon and horse beca)e agan one" and also!erfectly close" set u! a gallo! fro) the golden brdge under the l)e-trees" and" runnng s'ftly back'ards and for'ards" 'ere lost n thercareer" , kno' not ho'" n the drecton of the 'all( 9y far o!!onenthad hardly !erceved ths" 'hen she broke out nto loud 'ee!ng andla)entaton" and excla)ed that , had caused her an rre!arable loss"'hch 'as far greater than could be ex!ressed( But ," by ths t)e!rovoked" 'as glad to annoy her" and blndly flung a cou!le of there)anng agate balls 'th force nto the )dst of her ar)y( Bnha!!ly ,ht the Gueen" 'ho had htherto" durng our regular ga)e" been exce!ted(3he fle' n !eces" and her nearest offcers 'ere also shvered( Butthey s'ftly set the)selves u! agan" and started off lke the others"gallo!ng very )errly about under the l)e-trees" and dsa!!earngaganst the 'all( 9y o!!onent scolded and abused )eH but" beng no' nfull !lay" , stoo!ed to !ck u! so)e agate balls 'hch rolled about u!onthe golden lances( ,t 'as )y ferce desre to destroy her 'hole ar)y(3he" on the other hand" not dle" s!rang at )e" and gave )e a box on theear" 'hch )ade )y head rng( 2avng al'ays heard that a hearty kss 'asthe !ro!er res!onse to a grlFs box of the ear" , took her by the ears"and kssed her re!eatedly( But she uttered such a !ercng screa) asfrghtened even )e( , let her goH and t 'as fortunate that , dd so"for n a )o)ent , kne' not 'hat 'as ha!!enng to )e( The ground beneath)e began to shake and rattle( , soon re)arked that the ralngs aganset the)selves n )otonH but , had no t)e to consder" nor could , geta footng so as to fly( , feared every nstant to be !ercedH for the!artsans and lances" 'hch had lfted the)selves u!" 'ere alreadyslttng )y clothes( ,t s suffcent to say" that" , kno' not ho' t'as" hearng and sght faled )eH and , recovered fro) )y s'oon andterror at the foot of a l)e-tree" aganst 'hch the !kes n s!rngngu! had thro'n )e( As , a'oke" )y anger a'akened also" and volentlyncreased 'hen , heard fro) the other sde the gbes and laughter of )yo!!onent" 'ho had !robably reached the earth so)e'hat )ore softly than,( Therefore , ju)!ed u!H and as , sa' the lttle host 'th ts leaderAchlles scattered around )e" havng been drven over 'th )e by thersng of the rals" , seLed the hero frst" and thre' h) aganst atree( 2s resusctaton and flght no' !leased )e doubly" a )alcous!leasure co)bnng 'th the !rettest sght n the 'orldH and , 'as onthe !ont of sendng all the other Greeks after h)" 'hen suddenlyhssng 'aters s!urted at )e on all sdes" fro) stones and 'all" fro)ground and branches" and" 'herever , turned" dashed aganst )ecross'ays(,n a short t)e )y lght gar)ent 'as 'et through( ,t 'as already rent"and , dd not hestate to tear t entrely off )y body( , cast a'ay )ysl!!ers" and one coverng after another( Cay" at last , found t veryagreeable to let such a sho'er-bath !lay over )e n the 'ar) day( Co'"beng Gute naked" , 'alked gravely along bet'een these 'elco)e 'aters"'here , thought to enjoy )yself for so)e t)e( 9y anger cooled" and ,'shed for nothng )ore than a reconclaton 'th )y lttle adversary(But" n a t'nklng" the 'ater sto!!edH and , stood drenched u!on thesaturated ground( The !resence of the old )an" 'ho a!!eared before )eunex!ectedly" 'as by no )eans 'elco)e( , could have 'shed" f not tohde" at least to clothe" )yself( The sha)e" the shverng" the effortto cover )yself n so)e degree" )ade )e cut a )ost !teous fgure( Theold )an e)!loyed the )o)ent n ventng the severest re!roaches aganst)e( +What hnders )e"+ he excla)ed" +fro) takng one of the greencords" and fttng t" f not to your neck" to your backM+ Ths threat ,took n very ll !art( +1efran"+ , cred" +fro) such 'ords" even fro)such thoughtsH for other'se you and your )stresses 'll be lost(+--+Who" then" are you"+ he asked n defance" +'ho dare s!eak thusM+--+Afavorte of the gods"+ , sad" +on 'ho) t de!ends 'hether those ladesshall fnd 'orthy husbands and !ass a ha!!y lfe" or be left to !ne and