Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Presented by: Amanda Wilkins

Scientists Reverse Autism Symptoms in Mice. SciTechDaily. November 22, 2013. Image available at:

http://scitechdaily.com/scientists-reverse-autism-symptoms-in-mice/

Autism Impact Activity Demographics Types of Disorders Etiology & Pathophysiology Signs & Symptoms Diagnosis & Lab Values Nutritional Status Treatments Nutrition Care Process

Overview

What does it feel like to be autistic? Sensory Overload

Activity Time

1. Jiron M, Harris MJ, Kinder M. Interacting with Autism. Health Research and Quality. Available at: http://vimeo.com/52193530.

1 in 68 children; ◦ 1 in 42 boys◦ 1 in 189 girls

Five times more common in boys

$60,000 cost for a family per year

All racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups; Caucasians are highest

About 50% of children have at least average intellectual ability

25% with ASD are non-verbal

Demographics

2. Baio, J. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years – Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2010. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Available at: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6302a1.htm?s_cid=ss6302a1_w. Accessed on

March 20, 2013.

Classic Autism

Rett Syndrome

Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

Asperger’s Syndrome

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Types of ASD

3. Autism Spectrum Disorders. American Psychiatric Publishing Association. 2013. Available at: http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Autism%20Spectrum%20Disorder%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf. Accessed on March

20, 2014.4. Boyse K. Autism, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD).

University of Michigan Health System. Available at: http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/autism.htm#ad.

5. Autism Fact Sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Available at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm#243573082

“John's early history was totally normal. By age 2 he was speaking in sentences, and he made frequent eye contact with his parents, and his older brother. At age 3 1/2 he became extremely anxious, frequently awaking at night terrified. During the day he would cry inconsolably for long periods of time, often repeating the phrase, “it hurts, it hurts, make it go away”. After a month, his parents describe a steep decline in his communication skills. He began to flap his hands, to soil himself, and had no interest in social interaction. Extensive medical examinations were conducted at 2 pediatric hospitals, failing to reveal anything that might explain the regression. At follow-up at age 12 he still was not speaking, apart from an occasional single word, and had been placed in a school for the severely disabled.”

Why did they switch?

6. Autism Program at Yale. Yale School of Medicine. August 02, 2011. Available at: http://medicine.yale.edu/childstudy/autism/information/cdd.aspx.

Genetic DNA changes Vaccines Brain Connections and growth Immune System Environmental factors Serotonin levels

Etiology

7. Autism FAQ. Autism Speaks. Available at: www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/faq. 5. Autism Fact Sheet. National Institue of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Available at: http://

www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm. 8. About Autism. Autism Society. Available at: http://www.autism-society.org/about-autism/causes.

9. Gotts S, Matin A. Social Brain Circuits Disrupted in Autism. National Institute of Mental Health. July 19, 2012. Available at: http://

www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2012/social-brain-circuits-disrupted-in-autism.shtml. Accessed on March 10, 2014.

10. Casanova MF, El-Baz AS, and Suri JS. 2013. Imaging the brain in autism. New York, NY: Springer. Available at: http://

link.springer.com.ezproxy.memphis.edu/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-6843-1_2/fulltext.html. 11. Coleman, M. (2005). The neurology of autism. New York: Oxford University Press

Available at: http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.memphis.edu/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzE0MzM0NV9fQU41?sid=5a071554-54d6-4b53-a187-

917104eb9a05@sessionmgr4003&vid=1&ppid=pp_79&format=EB&nobk=y

ASD vs. Healthy Brain

9. Gotts S, Matin A. Social Brain Circuits Disrupted in Autism. National Institute of Mental Health. July 19, 2012. Available at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2012/social-brain-circuits-disrupted-in-autism.shtml.

Anatomy & Physiology

12. Treatment for Autism. Brain Performance Center. 2012. Available at: http://www.thebrainperformancecenter.com/conditions-and-symptoms/autism-

spectrum/.

Communication◦ Delayed response to name◦ Babbles then stops talking

Social Behavior◦ Lonely◦ Misses social cues

Repetitive Behaviors Other Physical and

Medical Conditions

Signs & Symptoms

13. Associated Medical Conditions. Autism Speaks. Available at: www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/symptoms..

5. Autism Fact Sheet. National Institue of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Available at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm .

14. DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Guidelines & Criteria Examples. Available at: http://depts.washington.edu/dbpeds/Screening%20Tools/DSM-5(ASD.Guidelines)Feb2013.pdf.

Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dream Health. Image available at: http://www.dreamresearchgroup.com/2014/02/autism-spectrum-disorder.html.

Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers

No confirmed medical test

Multidisciplinary team

Genetic testing

Sleep difficulties testing

Hearing and Vision

Diagnosis

15. How is Autism Diagnosed? Autism Speaks. 2014. Available at: http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/diagnosis.

16. About Autism Diagnosis. Autism Society. 2013. Available at: http://www.autism-society.org/about-autism/diagnosis/.

17. Tongerloo M, Bor H, Lagro-Janssen A. Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorders in the General Practitioner'S Practice. Journal Of Autism & Developmental Disorders [serial online].

August 2012;42(8):1531-1538. Available from: OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson), Ipswich, MA. Accessed March 2, 2014

18. Bridgemohan C, Hanson E, and Spence S. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Boston Children’s Hospital. Available

at:http://www.childrenshospital.org/health-topics/conditions/autism-spectrum-disorders.

Lab Values

19.Biochemical and Nutrient Issues. Academy of Nutrition and Dieitetics Nutrition Care Manual. 2014. Available at:

http://www.nutritioncaremanual.org/content.cfm?ncm_content_id=110027&highlight=autism

ASD Control

Urinary Protein 103.2 mcg/mL 64.5 mcg/mL

Urinary Sulfites 107 nmol/mL 2.1 nmol/mL

Urinary Sulfates 6,819 nmol/mL 3,030 nmol/mL

Cysteine (s-amino acid)

Can be lacking Normal

Vitamins – B Lower Normal

Omega-3 FAs Lower Normal

Early Intervention Medications

◦ Antipsychotic ◦ Antidepressant◦ Stimulant

Behavior and Communication Approaches Dietary Approaches Complementary and Alternative Medicine

◦ Parents

Treatments

20. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/treatment.html.

21. A Parent’s Guide to Autism Spectrum Disorders. National Institute of Mental Health. Available at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/a-parents-guide-to-autism-

spectrum-disorder/index.shtml. 22. Rokuskie P., Ignasiak M, and Vega V. The Parent’s Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorders. ReachMD. 2014. Available at: http://www.reachmd.com/xmsegment.aspx?

sid=6812&&17&utm_source=ReachMD+Distribution&utm_campaign=bb423552db-ReachMD_Newsletter_09_09_2013&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_9f0d11fa3d-

bb423552db-13524921.

Thinner Bones

GI discomfort

Adding vitamins and minerals

Gluten-Free or Casein-Free diets

Most often combined Gluten and Diary Free diets

Nutritional Treatment

23. Winburn E, Charlton J, McConachie H, et. al. Parents’ and Child Health Professionals’ Attitudes Towards Dietary Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J

Autism Dev Disorders. September 9, 2013. 44:747–757. DOI 10.1007/s10803-013-1922-8. 19. Biochemical and Nutrient Issues. Academy of Nutrition and Dieitetics Nutrition Care

Manual. 2014. Available at: http://www.nutritioncaremanual.org/content.cfm?ncm_content_id=110027&highlight=autism.

24. Nutritional Therapy. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. January 16, 2014. Available at:

http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/autism/conditioninfo/Pages/nutritional-therapy.aspx

Each child is unique

Use a multidisciplinary team

Look for addition genetic disorders

Try a gluten-free, caesin-free diet for nutritional support

Make the child as comfortable as possible throughout the process

Nutrition Care Process

25. Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. A. (2013). Interventions for autism spectrum disorders: Translating science into practice. New York, NY: Springer.

http://www.nutritioncaremanual.org/content.cfm?ncm_content_id=110027&highlight=autism

Thank You!

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