Authorship and Institutional Repositories: A Multinational Study of Archiving Behaviour Key Perspectives Ltd

Authorship and Institutional Authorship and Institutional Repositories: Repositories:

A Multinational Study of A Multinational Study of Archiving Behaviour Archiving Behaviour

Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd

Reasons for the studyReasons for the studyTo complement our study completed To complement our study completed in February 2004 on in February 2004 on open access open access publishingpublishing funded by JISC (Joint funded by JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee)Information Systems Committee)To understand better author To understand better author behaviour with respect to self-behaviour with respect to self-archiving; data will be used to inform archiving; data will be used to inform debate and activities in this arenadebate and activities in this arena


MethodologyMethodologyOnline surveyOnline survey

Three populations contributed:Three populations contributed: ‘‘Interested and informed’ population Interested and informed’ population

(n = 401)(n = 401) ‘‘Self-archived’ population (n = 47)Self-archived’ population (n = 47) Random sample of authors (n = 796)Random sample of authors (n = 796)

Total population: n=1244Total population: n=1244


Geographical origin of respondentsGeographical origin of respondents

Australia/New Zealand Australia/New Zealand 9% 9%Asia Asia 3% 3%ChinaChina 5% 5%JapanJapan 1% 1%North America North America 25%25%Central/South America Central/South America 8% 8%European Union European Union 14%14%UK UK 12%12%Other European countries Other European countries 13%13%Middle East Middle East 5% 5%Africa Africa 4% 4%


Subject areas of respondentsSubject areas of respondents

Agriculture/food Agriculture/food 8% 8%

Business/mgmtBusiness/mgmt 4% 4%

ChemistryChemistry 9% 9%

Computer sciComputer sci 6%6%

Earth/geog sciEarth/geog sci 3%3%

Eng/materials sciEng/materials sci 10%10%

HumanitiesHumanities 5% 5%

Law/politicsLaw/politics 1%1%

Library/info sciLibrary/info sci 2%2%

Life SciencesLife Sciences 18% 18%

MathematicsMathematics 5% 5%

Medical sciences 19%Medical sciences 19%

PhysicsPhysics 7%7%

PsychologyPsychology 10% 10%

Social sci/educSocial sci/educ 11% 11%


Why provide open access?Why provide open access?Institution-related advantages:Institution-related advantages:– Standardised online CVs for all Standardised online CVs for all

researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)– ‘‘Marketing’ tool for universitiesMarketing’ tool for universities– Repository for all digital output from Repository for all digital output from

an institutionan institution

Author-related advantages:Author-related advantages:– It enhances accessibilityIt enhances accessibility– It increases the impact of an It increases the impact of an

author’s work (yes, it does…)author’s work (yes, it does…)Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd

Author-related factorsAuthor-related factors

Yes, they DO publish for impactYes, they DO publish for impact

0102030405060708090

100

% respondents

Reasons for publishing

Communicate resultsto peers

Advance career

Gain personalprestige

Gain funding

Financial reward


And…And…

Only 12% of Only 12% of authors say they authors say they have easy access have easy access to ALL the articles to ALL the articles they need to readthey need to read


Open Access provision: two waysOpen Access provision: two ways

Publish work in open access Publish work in open access journalsjournals

‘‘Self-archive’: Self-archive’: – Personal or departmental Personal or departmental

websitewebsite– Institutional or departmental Institutional or departmental

archive (repository)archive (repository)– Subject-based or thematic Subject-based or thematic

repositoryrepository


Institutional archivesInstitutional archives

Between 300 and 600 in Between 300 and 600 in existenceexistence

124 in Europe (124 in Europe (UK 35, Germany 16, UK 35, Germany 16, France 15, Sweden 13, Netherlands 12, France 15, Sweden 13, Netherlands 12,

Italy 5Italy 5))

60 in USA60 in USA

20 in Canada20 in Canada

10 in Australia10 in Australia


Searching institutional archivesSearching institutional archives

9% use CitebaseSearch9% use CitebaseSearch

3% use OAIIECSP3% use OAIIECSP

2% use Arc2% use Arc

Others used: Arc, Callima, Cyclades, Others used: Arc, Callima, Cyclades, OAIster, Perseus, Public Knowledge OAIster, Perseus, Public Knowledge Project OA Harvester (PKP), SAIL, Project OA Harvester (PKP), SAIL, TORIITORII

How many authors are self-How many authors are self-archiving at the moment?archiving at the moment?

LocationLocation Pre-printPre-print Post-printPost-print

Personal web pagePersonal web page 16%16% 26%26%

Institutional (or Institutional (or departmental) archivedepartmental) archive

15%15% 22%22%

Centralised (subject-Centralised (subject-based) archivebased) archive

9%9% 13%13%


BUT… 78% of authors who have not self-archived are not aware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving

How did they learn about self-How did they learn about self-archiving?archiving?

0 20 40

% r

es

po

nd

en

ts w

ho

u

se

in

st

or

su

bje

ct-

ba

se

d a

rch

ive

s

From information fromdept or school

From co-authors

Work in field withsubject-based archives

Information frominstitution or library

From peers

Followed Open Accessdebate


For how long?For how long?


Up to 1 year20%

2-3 years33%

2325%

3-5 years22%

Why are they self-archiving?Why are they self-archiving?

Self-motivated:Self-motivated: 43%43%

Peers or co-authors:Peers or co-authors: 17%17%

OA articles are more highly cited:OA articles are more highly cited: 11%11%

Library or inst administrators:Library or inst administrators:14%14%

Research funder encouragement:Research funder encouragement: 8% 8%

Departmental encouragement:Departmental encouragement: 7% 7%


Who has done the depositing?Who has done the depositing?

Library staff21%

Other4%

Author63%

Student/ assistant

12%


Author expectations about data Author expectations about data longevitylongevity


0 20 40 60

% r

esp

on

den

ts

In perpetuity(technologypermitting)

At least 10 years

At least 5 years

At least 2 years

How can self-archiving be boosted?How can self-archiving be boosted?

If your employer or research funder If your employer or research funder REQUIRED you to deposit copies of REQUIRED you to deposit copies of your articles in an open archive….your articles in an open archive….

79% would comply WILLINGLY79% would comply WILLINGLY

17% would comply reluctantly17% would comply reluctantly

4% would not comply4% would not comply


Just one of the new challenges…Just one of the new challenges…

Organise and make sense of information Organise and make sense of information in open archives:in open archives:– Preprint or postprintPreprint or postprint– ReferenceReference– Information retrieval issues:Information retrieval issues:

Controlled terms/indexingControlled terms/indexingNested sets, etcNested sets, etcSet delimitersSet delimitersAnalysis functionsAnalysis functions…………..

Swan A, Needham P, Probets P, Muir A, O’Brien A, Oppenheim C, Swan A, Needham P, Probets P, Muir A, O’Brien A, Oppenheim C, Hardy R and Rowland F (2004). Delivery, management and access Hardy R and Rowland F (2004). Delivery, management and access model for E-prints and open access journals within further and model for E-prints and open access journals within further and higher education (Report of a JISC study). pp 1-121. higher education (Report of a JISC study). pp 1-121. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/ACF1E88.pdfhttp://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/ACF1E88.pdf

Alma Swan, Paul Needham, Steve Probets, Adrienne Muir, Anne Alma Swan, Paul Needham, Steve Probets, Adrienne Muir, Anne O’Brien, Charles Oppenheim, Rachel Hardy, Fytton Rowland and O’Brien, Charles Oppenheim, Rachel Hardy, Fytton Rowland and Sheridan Brown (2005). Developing a model for e-prints and open Sheridan Brown (2005). Developing a model for e-prints and open access journal content for UK higher and further education. In press access journal content for UK higher and further education. In press (Learned Publishing, Jan 2005 issue). Preprint available at: (Learned Publishing, Jan 2005 issue). Preprint available at: www.keyperspectives.co.uk/OpenAccessArchive/Eprints_LP_paper.www.keyperspectives.co.uk/OpenAccessArchive/Eprints_LP_paper.pdfpdf

Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Report of the JISC/OSI Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Report of the JISC/OSI journal authors survey. pp 1-76. journal authors survey. pp 1-76. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/JISCOAreport1.pdfhttp://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/JISCOAreport1.pdf

Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Authors and open access Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Authors and open access publishing. publishing. Learned PublishingLearned Publishing, , 17 (3)17 (3), 219-224. , 219-224. http://lysander.ingentaselect.com/vl=15729124/cl=20/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-http://lysander.ingentaselect.com/vl=15729124/cl=20/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/linker?ini=bin/linker?ini=alpsp&reqidxalpsp&reqidx=/cw/alpsp/09531513/v17n3/s7/p219=/cw/alpsp/09531513/v17n3/s7/p219

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Authorship and Institutional Repositories: A Multinational Study of Archiving Behaviour Key Perspectives Ltd