Australia’s major landforms

and drainage basins

Australia’s major landforms

and drainage basins

5A1 – Australia A Unique Continent

Syllabus AgendaSyllabus Agenda

major landforms and drainage basins

patterns of:climate weather Vegetation

unique flora and fauna

major landforms and drainage basins

patterns of:climate weather Vegetation

unique flora and fauna

Syllabus AgendaSyllabus Agenda

identify and represent Australia’s major physical features and patterns on a variety of maps

describe Australia’s major physical features and patterns

explain the interrelationships that exist in the physical environment of Australia

identify and represent Australia’s major physical features and patterns on a variety of maps

describe Australia’s major physical features and patterns

explain the interrelationships that exist in the physical environment of Australia

Australia is the flattest continent, with an average height of only 330 metres above sea level.

It is also the driest inhabited continent with an average annual precipitation of 450 mm and the lowest flow from its rivers compared with other continents.

However, these averages disguise the wide variety of unique topographic features and river regimes that are found within this continent of extremes.

Australia is the flattest continent, with an average height of only 330 metres above sea level.

It is also the driest inhabited continent with an average annual precipitation of 450 mm and the lowest flow from its rivers compared with other continents.

However, these averages disguise the wide variety of unique topographic features and river regimes that are found within this continent of extremes.

Introduction

Learn the LingoLearn the LingoTopography - characteristics of land in terms of slope,

elevation and orientation Landform - A landform is an individual topographic feature,

which can be as minor as a cliff or a sand dune, or as major as a peninsula or a mountain range

Catchment – an area drained by a river

Metamorphic – a type of rock changed by great heat and pressure

Geomorphologist- a geographer who studies the formation of landforms

Topography - characteristics of land in terms of slope,

elevation and orientation Landform - A landform is an individual topographic feature,

which can be as minor as a cliff or a sand dune, or as major as a peninsula or a mountain range

Catchment – an area drained by a river

Metamorphic – a type of rock changed by great heat and pressure

Geomorphologist- a geographer who studies the formation of landforms

Major physical regionsMajor physical regions

Australia has 3 major physical regions:

1)the Western Plateau

2)the Central Lowlands and

3)the Eastern Highlands

Australia has 3 major physical regions:

1)the Western Plateau

2)the Central Lowlands and

3)the Eastern Highlands

These landform regions have been created by movements in the Earth's crust, river erosion and changes in climate and sea level.

Australia’s 3 major landformsAustralia’s 3 major landforms

Eastern Highlands

Western Plateau Central

Lowlands

The Eastern HighlandsThe Eastern Highlands Are characterised by the Great Dividing Range

which is not one mountain but a collection of many loosely connected ranges.

The range extends north to the Cape York Peninsula in QLD and south to Tasmania.

These were formed by faulting, folding and some volcanic activity but have largely been eroded by water to create areas of deep gorges and valleys such as the Blue Mountains.

Are characterised by the Great Dividing Range which is not one mountain but a collection of many loosely connected ranges.

The range extends north to the Cape York Peninsula in QLD and south to Tasmania.

These were formed by faulting, folding and some volcanic activity but have largely been eroded by water to create areas of deep gorges and valleys such as the Blue Mountains.

The Central LowlandsThe Central Lowlands

Occupy parts of inland QLD, NSW, Vic and SA

They are drained by Lake Eyre and the Murray Darling River system

Occupy parts of inland QLD, NSW, Vic and SA

They are drained by Lake Eyre and the Murray Darling River system

The Western PlateauThe Western Plateau Consists of vey old rocks, formed

under the shallow seas and uplifted millions of years ago. It covers 1/3 of the continent.

Approx 70% of the Western Plateau is composed of deserts.

The Nullabor Plain, Arnhem Land and the Kimberley are all part of this landform.

Consists of vey old rocks, formed under the shallow seas and uplifted millions of years ago. It covers 1/3 of the continent.

Approx 70% of the Western Plateau is composed of deserts.

The Nullabor Plain, Arnhem Land and the Kimberley are all part of this landform.

Rivers and drainage basinsRivers and drainage basins A drainage basin is an area of land where

surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean.

In closed drainage basins the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, dry lake, or a point where surface water is lost underground.

The dividing line between drainage basins is known as a watershed.

Two of the largest drainage basins in Australia are the Murray–Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin, which each cover an area of over 1 million square kilometres.

A drainage basin is an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean.

In closed drainage basins the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, dry lake, or a point where surface water is lost underground.

The dividing line between drainage basins is known as a watershed.

Two of the largest drainage basins in Australia are the Murray–Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin, which each cover an area of over 1 million square kilometres.

Percentage run off for each Basin

Murray-Darling BasinMurray-Darling Basin The Murray–Darling Basin contains the three longest rivers in Australia

—the Murray, the Darling and the Murrumbidgee.

The Darling and its tributaries (a stream or smaller river that flows into a main river) drain the northern half of the basin. They contribute 12 per cent of the flow to the Murray River. The Murrumbidgee and its tributaries drain central and southern New South Wales. They contribute 13 per cent of the flow to the Murray River.

The Murray and its tributaries upstream of the Murrumbidgee junction drain central and northern Victoria and southern New South Wales. Under average conditions this region contributes 75 per cent of the flow to the Murray.

The Murray–Darling Basin contains the three longest rivers in Australia—the Murray, the Darling and the Murrumbidgee.

The Darling and its tributaries (a stream or smaller river that flows into a main river) drain the northern half of the basin. They contribute 12 per cent of the flow to the Murray River. The Murrumbidgee and its tributaries drain central and southern New South Wales. They contribute 13 per cent of the flow to the Murray River.

The Murray and its tributaries upstream of the Murrumbidgee junction drain central and northern Victoria and southern New South Wales. Under average conditions this region contributes 75 per cent of the flow to the Murray.

Lake Eyre BasinLake Eyre Basin The largest drainage basin in Australia is the Lake Eyre

Basin covering an area of 1.2 million square kilometres. It is one of the largest internal drainage systems in the world. When there is water in the creeks and rivers they flow inwards towards Lake Eyre, but as the area is almost flat they flow slowly and a large amount of water is lost through evaporation.One of the rivers in the basin is the Finke River that only flows on a few days each year. It is thought to be the oldest river bed in the world. Starting west of Alice Springs, its water disappears in the Simpson Desert and is believed to have reached Lake Eyre on only one occasion last century

The largest drainage basin in Australia is the Lake Eyre Basin covering an area of 1.2 million square kilometres. It is one of the largest internal drainage systems in the world. When there is water in the creeks and rivers they flow inwards towards Lake Eyre, but as the area is almost flat they flow slowly and a large amount of water is lost through evaporation.One of the rivers in the basin is the Finke River that only flows on a few days each year. It is thought to be the oldest river bed in the world. Starting west of Alice Springs, its water disappears in the Simpson Desert and is believed to have reached Lake Eyre on only one occasion last century

Activity Activity You work for National Geographic and have been given the task of creating a feature article on one of the following:

a. Franklin River (Eastern Highlands)b. Lake Eyre Basin (Central Lowlands)c. Uluru (Western Plateau)d. Australian Alps (Eastern Highlands)

In your article you need to answer key geographical questions

What is it? Where is it, Is it changing/moving? What makes it a special tourist attraction? Include maps, pictures

You work for National Geographic and have been given the task of creating a feature article on one of the following:

a. Franklin River (Eastern Highlands)b. Lake Eyre Basin (Central Lowlands)c. Uluru (Western Plateau)d. Australian Alps (Eastern Highlands)

In your article you need to answer key geographical questions

What is it? Where is it, Is it changing/moving? What makes it a special tourist attraction? Include maps, pictures