Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaAustralian Alps Montane Grasslands and Heathlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

ContentsAcknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country.................................................................4

Introduction....................................................................................................................................4

Zone at a glance............................................................................................................................5

Population characteristics............................................................................................................10

Employment, volunteering and incomes......................................................................................13

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice...................15

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas..............................................18

Zone vegetation characteristics...................................................................................................20

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands................................................................................21

World and National Heritage.......................................................................................................22

Major National Reserve System properties.................................................................................22

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities................................................................23

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species..........................................................................................24

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species............................................................................................27

Threatened endemic species......................................................................................................27

Invasive species..........................................................................................................................29

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations............................................................31

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and CountryThe Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment.  This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information.  We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices.  In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Zone at a glance

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

RURAL CENTRES POPULATION

Perisher Village 148

Mount Buller 242

Falls Creek 225

Mount Hotham 158

Dinner Plain 143

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONSMurray Local Land Services NSW

Riverina Local Land Services NSW

South East Local Land Services NSW

East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority VIC

North East Catchment Management Authority VIC

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONSWest Gippsland Catchment Management Authority VIC

CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*Mean annual temperature 7.8 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 20.7 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month -1.9 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 1387.6 mm

Dominant rainfall season Winter

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

National Reserve System area

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

Population characteristics

Population

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOMEEnglish 78.67%

Other languages 7.81%

Not stated 13.52%

Education

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

Volunteering

Income

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs @.nsf/mf/4630.0

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/

INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS

New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au

NATIVE TITLE AND TRADITIONAL OWNERSTraditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone

Gunai/Kurnai People Gunaikurnai Land & Waters Aboriginal Corporation 199,253 16.16

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREASCooma-Monaro Council NSW

Snowy River Shire Council NSW

Tumbarumba Shire Council NSW

Tumut Council NSW

Alpine Shire VIC

Baw Baw Shire VIC

East Gippsland Shire VIC

Falls Creek Alpine Resort (Unincorporated) VIC

Lake Mountain Alpine Resort (Unincorporated) VIC

Mansfield Shire VIC

Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort (Unincorporated) VIC

Mount Buller Alpine Resort (Unincorporated) VIC

Mount Hotham Alpine Resort (Unincorporated) VIC

Mount Stirling Alpine Resort (Unincorporated) VIC

Murrindindi Shire VIC

Towong Shire VIC

Wangaratta Rural City VIC

Wellington Shire VIC

Yarra Ranges Shire VIC

Zone vegetation characteristics

The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national -vegetation-information- system

Ramsar and Nationally Important WetlandsRAMSAR WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARESGinini Flats Wetland Complex ACT 367.50

Blue Lake NSW 338.10

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar -convention-wetlands

NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA

Upper Buchan River VIC 1,125.39 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Yaouk Swamp NSW 332.92 1

Suggan Buggan and Berrima Rivers VIC 181.17 2, 3, 4

Tomneys Plain NSW 107.47 1

Davies Plain VIC 57.04 3, 5

Blue Lake (Kosciuszko) NSW 41.30 1, 4, 5

Central Highlands Peatlands VIC 35.82 1

Mt Buffalo Peatlands VIC 22.69 1

Nuniong Plateau Peatlands VIC 11.83 1

Caledonia Fen VIC 9.45 1

Howqua River VIC 0.28 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Nursery Swamp ACT 0.12 1, 6

Rock Flats ACT 0.12 1

Rennex Gap NSW 0.12 1, 3

Snowgum Flat NSW 0.12 1,

Rotten Swamp ACT 0.12 1, 6

Scabby Range Lake ACT 0.12 2

Snowy Flats ACT 0.12 5,

Ginini and Cheyenne Flats ACT 0.12 1, 2, 4, 5, 6

Cotter Source Bog ACT 0.10 1, 6, 2

Big River VIC 0.04 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:

1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.

2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.

3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.

4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.

5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.

6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.

Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

World and National HeritageHERITAGE VALUES WORLD OR NATIONAL

HERITAGEHERITAGE TYPE

JURISDICTION HECTARES % OF ZONE

Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves

National Heritage Natural NSW 748,286 60.69

Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

Major National Reserve System propertiesMAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES

Name Property type IUCN category

Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Kosciuszko National Park II NSW 363,269 29.5

Alpine National Park II VIC 298,156 24.2

Namadgi National Park II ACT 30,879 2.5

Namadgi Wilderness Zone IB ACT 22,249 1.8

Yarra Ranges National Park II VIC 19,271 1.6

Mount Buffalo National Park II VIC 9,701 0.8

Baw Baw National Park II VIC 7,637 0.6

Bimberi Nature Reserve II NSW 5,973 0.5

Scabby Range Nature Reserve IA NSW 4,873 0.4

Avon Wilderness Park IB VIC 4,235 0.3

Yaouk Nature Reserve IA NSW 2,719 0.2

Nunniong Plain N.F.S.R. Natural Features Reserve III VIC 2,318 0.2

Burrowa – Pine Mountain National Park II VIC 2,225 0.2

Mount Skene N.F.S.R. Natural Features Reserve III VIC 1,944 0.2

Mount Gibbo N.F.S.R. Natural Features Reserve III VIC 1,329 0.1

Nunnett Plain N.F.S.R. Natural Features Reserve III VIC 1,179 0.1

Wabba Wilderness Park IB VIC 1,172 0.1

Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve II ACT 984 0.1

Yarrarabulla R.N.A Remote and Natural Area – not scheduled under NPA

VI VIC 761 0.1

Mount Sarah N.F.S.R. Natural Features Reserve III VIC 690 0.1

Spring Creek Reference Area IA VIC 683 0.1

THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and Ib Wilderness Area

THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesTHREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**

Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens Endangered 24.3 98.9

Natural Temperate Grassland of the Southern Tablelands of NSW and the Australian Capital Territory

Endangered 2.8 7.1

White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland

Critically Endangered

2.5 49.0

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

EPBC Act (1999) threatened speciesTHREATENED MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus Endangered 98.94 6.7

Leadbeater’s Possum Gymnobelideus leadbeateri Endangered 27.81 3.3

Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered 25.06 13.0

Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (southeastern mainland population)

Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (SE mainland population)

Endangered 4.32 61.4

Long-footed Potoroo Potorous longipes Endangered 2.32 1.7

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable 0.94 3.1

Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 0.18 2.5

Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)

Phascolarctos cinereus Vulnerable 0.09 3.0

Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

THREATENED BIRDS

Common name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 1.04 31.3

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 0.02 0.24

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 0.01 0.10

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 0.01 0.21

Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable 0.01 0.10

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

THREATENED REPTILES

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Alpine She-oak Skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus Endangered 99.97 3.64

Guthega Skink Liopholis guthega Endangered 99.82 4.36

Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Pink-tailed Legless Lizard

Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 0.08 0.25

Grassland Earless Dragon Tympanocryptis pinguicolla Endangered May be present

May be present

Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable May be present

May be present

OTHER THREATENED FAUNA

Common name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Southern Corroboree Frog Pseudophryne corroboree Critically Endangered

100 0.36

Baw Baw Frog Philoria frosti Endangered 99.78 0.52

Alpine Tree Frog, Verreaux’s Alpine Tree Frog Litoria verreauxii alpina Vulnerable 98.39 18.73

Alpine Stonefly Thaumatoperla alpina Endangered 50.33 6.31

Barred Galaxias Galaxias fuscus Endangered 41.82 1.07

Northern Corroboree Frog Pseudophryne pengilleyi Critically Endangered

39.58 1.18

Spotted Tree Frog Litoria spenceri Endangered 29.43 19.58

Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus Vulnerable 2.91 14.49

Booroolong Frog Litoria booroolongensis Endangered 2.34 2.79

Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog

Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 1.28 22.53

Yellow-spotted Tree Frog, Yellow-spotted Bell Frog

Litoria castanea Endangered 0.72 1.28

Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla Vulnerable 0.18 0.13

Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 0.06 0.05

Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Critically Endangered

May be present

May be present

Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis Endangered May be present

May be present

Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered May be present

May be present

Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable May be present

May be present

THREATENED FLORA

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Anemone Buttercup Ranunculus anemoneus Vulnerable 100 2.31

Bog Willow-herb Epilobium brunnescens subsp. beaugleholei

Vulnerable 100 0.03

Bogong Eyebright Euphrasia eichleri Vulnerable 100 0.78

Feldmark Grass Rytidosperma pumilum Vulnerable 100 0.22

Kelleria Kelleria laxa Vulnerable 100 0.05

Thick Eyebright Euphrasia crassiuscula subsp. glandulifera

Vulnerable 100 0.15

None Carex paupera Vulnerable 99.93 1.35

Shining Cudweed Argyrotegium nitidulum Vulnerable 94.11 8.38

None Lobelia gelida Vulnerable 90.62 0.70

Alpine Leafy Liverwort Pseudocephalozia paludicola Vulnerable 82.59 0.15

THREATENED FLORA

Maidenhair Spleenwort Asplenium hookerianum Vulnerable 58.22 0.44

Blue-tongued Orchid, Kiandra Greenhood Pterostylis oreophila CriticallyEndangered

57.78 48.12

Monaro Golden Daisy Rutidosis leiolepis Vulnerable 54.64 3.33

Bago Leek-orchid Prasophyllum bagoense CriticallyEndangered

51.38 2.71

Harsh Nematolepis Nematolepis squamea subsp. coriacea

Vulnerable 30.05 0.05

Fern-leaf Baeckea Sannantha crenulata Vulnerable 22.8 0.16

Purple Eyebright, Mueller’s Eyebright Euphrasia collina subsp. muelleri

Endangered 13.98 0.31

Brindabella Midge-orchid, Ectopic Midge-orchid

Corunastylis ectopa CriticallyEndangered

13.92 0.02

Mauve Burr-daisy Calotis glandulosa Vulnerable 10.34 7.34

None Gentiana baeuerlenii Endangered 8.84 0.04

Wingless Raspwort, Square Raspwort Haloragis exalata subsp. exalata

Vulnerable 5.62 1.77

Lemon-scented Zieria Zieria citriodora Vulnerable 5.59 0.03

Pale Golden Moths Diuris ochroma Vulnerable 5.45 0.14

Austral Toadflax, Toadflax Thesium australe Vulnerable 4.9 63.10

Small Snake Orchid, Two-leaved Golden Moths, Golden Moths, Cowslip Orchid, Snake Orchid

Diuris pedunculata Endangered 3.07 1.01

East Lynne Midge-orchid Genoplesium vernale Vulnerable 1.75 0.17

Hoary Sunray, Grassland Paper-daisy Leucochrysum albicans var. tricolor

Endangered 1.4 4.41

Clover Glycine, Purple Clover Glycine latrobeana Vulnerable 0.85 7.80

Maroon Leek-orchid, Slaty Leek-orchid, Stout Leek-orchid, French’s Leek-orchid, Swamp Leek-orchid

Prasophyllum frenchii Endangered 0.22 0.70

Swamp Everlasting Xerochrysum palustre Vulnerable 0.21 0.22

Don’s Spider Orchid Caladenia cremna CriticallyEndangered

0.19 0.003

Leafy Greenhood Pterostylis cucullata Vulnerable 0.04 0.04

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

EPBC Act (1999) migratory speciesMIGRATORY BIRDS

Common name Scientific name

Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis

Cattle Egret Ardea ibis

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus

Great Egret, White Egret

Ardea alba

Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe

Gallinago hardwickii

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis(sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca

White-bellied Sea-Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-throated Needletail

Hirundapus caudacutus

Threatened endemic speciesTHREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES

Taxonomic group

Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status

Plants Carex paupera Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Prasophyllum bagoense Recorded in reserves CriticallyEndangered

n/a

Plants Deyeuxia pungens Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Rytidosperma pumilum Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Euphrasia eichleri Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Kelleria laxa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Invasive speciesINVASIVE MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.16 100.0

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.49 100.0

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.23 100.0

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.2 100.0

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 1.24 100.0

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 1.06 95.4

Feral deer species in Australia Various 2.91 90.5

House Mouse Mus musculus 0.28 81.9

Pig Sus scrofa 0.28 79.0

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 0.53 72.9

Goat Capra hircus 0.41 71.9

Horse Equus caballus 0.57 68.6

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 0.06 0.9

OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 1.35 100.0

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 0.57 100.0

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 1.38 100.0

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 0.42 100.0

Skylark Alauda arvensis 1.91 100.0

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 0.41 84.8

Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 2.04 45.9

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 0.68 39.1

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 0.56 38.1

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 0.86 36.2

European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 0.89 14.3

Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 2.94 9.5

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

INVASIVE FLORA

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 1.48 100.0

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron

1.87 100.0

INVASIVE FLORA

& S.x reichardtii

Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom

Cytisus scoparius 3.6 69.5

Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 1.87 60.3

Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ)

Nassella trichotoma 2.11 49.6

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine

Pinus radiata 1.15 42.6

Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus

Asparagus asparagoides 0.56 37.4

Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera

0.68 17.6

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 0.39 16.5

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 0.35 15.8

Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 0.68 14.5

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom

Genista monspessulana 0.93 11.3

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana

0.5 10.6

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 0.06 1.9

Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel

Senecio madagascariensis 0.09 1.1

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed

Salvinia molesta 0.04 1.0

Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 0.09 0.5

Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom

Genista linifolia 0.08 0.3

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive -species

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

99.86% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus rubida; Eucalyptus croajingolensis; Eucalyptus viminalis; Coprosma hirtella; Polyscias sambucifolia; Daviesia ulicifolia; Dianella tasmanica/tussock grass; Lomandra longifolia; Derwentia derwentiana.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Ban firewood and bush rock removal. Maintain a 30–50 metre native vegetation buffer around remnants to protect against incursion by feral predators, weeds and spray drift.Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber. Protect travelling stock reserves from over-grazing. Protect paddock trees.

Manage grazing practices including avoiding high-intensity set stocking. Limit or exclude grazing during drought periods and during Spring and Summer when native ground cover is in flower or seed.Avoid herbicide and pesticide application in or near remnants. Avoid soil compaction from vehicles/machinery or stock camps.

Natural regeneration and retention of existing remnants should be prioritised over restoration planting. Do not plant trees/shrubs into good condition sites.Replant native, indigenous species if the site shows no signs of natural regeneration. Plant trees and shrubs at the same density evident in local, good quality sites.Use high quality seed, of local provenance if possible.

Please seek advice from your local NRM organisation prior to undertaking any fire management actions. A minimum fire interval of five years, maximum of 40 years is recommended. Apply mosaic burning in small areas at staggered intervals. Retain unburnt areas.Ensure that appropriate weed control measures follow anyburning activity.

If few, or no hollow bearing trees are present then place nest boxes for mammals and birds on larger trees within remnants. Monitor boxes regularly (once every three months) to check for invasive species, such as Indian Myna.

Hand pulling, spot spraying and weed wiping are appropriate weed control measures. Prevent weed introduction through maintaining hygiene protocols and minimising soil disturbance.

Control feral grazers (deer, rabbits, goats) and erect fences where appropriate (e.g. of stock dams, individual guards for highly palatable young plants).Control feral predators including foxes, dogs, cats and pigs.

Eucalyptus tall open forests and open forests with ferns, herbs, sedges, rushes or wet tussock grasses vegetation profile

100% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus radiata; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus delegatensis; Eucalyptus regnans; Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus viminalis; Dicksonia antarctica; Cassinia longifolia; Cassinia aculeata; Coprosma hirtella; Coprosma quadrifida; Olearia phlogopappa; Polyscias sambucifolia; Tetrarrhena juncea; Poa sieberiana; Dianella tasmanica; Lomandra longifolia.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect hollow-bearing trees.Create buffer zones around remnants.Maintain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

96.28% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; Eucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus globulus; Eucalyptus goniocalyx; Cassinia longifolia; Cassinia aculeata; Hardenbergia violacea; Poa sieberiana; Epilobium billardierianum; Joycea pallida; Lomatia myricoides; Dianella revoluta.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect remnants from clearing. Protect hollow-bearing trees.Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Eucalyptus low open woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

99.97% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus pauciflora; Olearia phlogopappa; Pultenaea forsythiana; Daviesia ulicifolia;Tasmannia xerophila; Senecio gunnii; Brachyscome aculeata; Oreomyrrhis eriopoda; Stylidium graminifolium; Coprosma hirtella; Lomatia myricoides; Polyscias sambucifolia; forbs; tussock grass; rush.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Ban firewood and bush rock removal. Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber. Protect travelling stock reserves from over-grazing. Protect paddock trees.

Manage grazing regimes and avoid high-intensity set stocking. Avoid fertiliser drift from adjacent crops and pastures.

Natural regeneration and retention of existing remnants should be prioritised over restoration planting.

Wet tussock grassland with herbs, sedges or rushes, herblands or ferns vegetation profile

97.03% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEpacris brevifolia; Hakea micrantha; Callistemon pityoides; Poa spp; Rytidosperma nudiflora; Agrostis meionectes; tussock grasses.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Maintain fencing to control domestic stock and prevent access to national parks from private lands and State Forests.Prevent grazing pressure by exclusion fencing or other barriers. Protect from changes to water flow that may impact adversely on

Exclude stock. Develop and implement suitable fire management strategies to protect Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens ecological community.

Eradicate/control weeds including Salix spp. Willows. Undertake early detection and eradication of founder populations of new invasive weeds.Manage public access to prevent spread of weeds and plant disease.

Remove and exclude exotic hoofed animals from remnant patches

Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

97.99% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus rubida; Eucalyptus radiata; Eucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus blakelyi; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha; Cassinia aculeata; Pimelea linifolia; Callitris endlicheri; Brachyloma daphnoides; Calytrix tetragona; Stypandra glauca; Wahlenbergia stricta; Senecio tenuiflorus; Dianella tasmanica; Themeda triandra.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Purchase into reserve where possible.Encourage conservation agreements and covenants on private land. Ban firewood and bush rock collection.Protect from disturbance due to road widening, maintenance and other development activities.Protect standing dead trees, hollow-bearing trees, fallen dead timber and leaf litter.

Avoid fertiliser drift or run-off from adjacent crops and pastures. Limit grazing during drought periods and rest from grazing during native ground cover flowering and seeding.Do not graze above historic levels – do not graze if has never previously been grazed.Maintain 80% groundcover minimum at all times.

Natural regeneration and retention of existing remnants should be prioritised over restoration planting. Do not plant trees/shrubs into good condition sites.Replant native, indigenous species if the site shows no signs of natural regeneration. Plant trees and shrubs at the same density evident in local, good quality sites.Use high quality seed, of local provenance

Apply mosaic burning in small areas at staggered intervals.Retain unburnt areas.Be aware that some weed species increase with burning.Use minimum fire interval of five years, maximum of 40 years.Burn after natives have seeded but before weeds flower and seed.

Don’t stockpile topsoil within remnant areas. Use machinery hygiene protocols to prevent weed spread, including if ripping to control rabbits.

Control feral grazers (deer, rabbits, goats) and erect fences where appropriate.Control feral predators: foxes, dogs, cats and pigs.Do not push fallen timber into stacks or windrows as these form harbours for foxes, rabbits and cats.Do not permit commercial apiarists to place bee hives within the area.

Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

95.87% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus mannifera; Eucalyptus cypellocarpa; Cassinia longifolia; Daviesia latifolia; Daviesia ulicifolia; Monotoca scoparia; Coprosma quadrifida; Stypandra glauca; Hibbertia obtusifolia; Poa australis; Dianella tasmanica.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect remnants from clearing. Protect hollow-bearing trees.Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a dense broad-leaved and/or tree-fern understorey (wet sclerophyll) vegetation profile

99.4% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus delegatensis; Eucalyptus regnans; Eucalyptus nitens; Eucalyptus obliqua; Dicksonia antarctica; Cyathea australis; Tetrarrhena juncea; Polystichum proliferum; Blechnum wattsii; Histiopteris incisa; Coprosma hirtella; Daviesia ulicifolia; Stylidium graminifolium; Sambucus gaudichaudiana; Dianella tasmanica; Deyeuxia monticolafern; fern; rush; forb; tussock grass.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect hollow-bearing trees.Maintain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Prescribed burning is not supported by ecological studies.

Manage exotic pests including foxes, goats, rabbits and feral pigs.Manage foxes and rabbits simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.