Língua Inglesa IV

Sarah Barbieri Vieira

Aula 9

7. Passive Voice and Confusing words

• The Passive with Tense and Aspect

• Modal Verbs with Passives

• Passive Sentences with Two Objects

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In this class...

How Chocolate Is MadeChocolate is made from the seeds of roasted cocoabeans. After the seeds have been roasted, the insideof the seed is pressed into a liquid. This liquid iscalled chocolate liquor. The liquor contains fat, whichis separated from the liquor. After this has been done, a solid is left. This solid, which is known as cocoacake, is ground up and becomes unsweetened cocoa. This is very bitter chocolate. To make it taste better, other substances such as cocoa butter and sugar willbe added latter.

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Verbs in the active andpassive forms Examples

Simple PresentActive: clean(s)

Passive: is cleaned

Somebody cleans the office every day.

The office is cleaned everyday.

Simple PastActive: cleaned

Passive: was/were cleaned

Somebody cleaned the office yesterday.

The office was cleanedYesterday.

Passive Voice

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Present Continuous Active: am/is/are cleaning

Passive: am/is/are being cleaned

Somebody is cleaning the office now.

The office is being cleaned now.

Past Continuous Active: was/were cleaning

Passive: was/were being cleaned

Somebody was cleaning the office at 4 o’clock yesterday.

The office was being cleaned at 4 o’clock yesterday.

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Passive Voice

Present Perfect Active: have/has cleaned

Passive: have/has been cleaned

Somebody has cleaned the office.

The office has been cleaned.

Past PerfectActive: had cleaned

Passive: had been cleaned

Somebody had cleaned the office when I arrived.

The office had been cleaned when I arrived.

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Passive Voice

Simple FutureActive: will clean.

Passive: will be cleaned.

Somebody will clean the office later.

The office will be cleaned later.

Future Perfect Active: will have cleaned.

Passive: will have been cleaned.

Somebody will have cleaned the office by 5 o’clock.

The office will have been cleaned by 5 o’clock.

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Passive Voice

Present Perfect Continuous

Active: have/has beencleaning

Passive: have/has beenbeing cleaned

Somebody has been cleaning the office for half an hour.

The office has been being cleaned for half an hour.

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Passive Voice

Modal verbs in active and passive forms Examples

active: should/could/ought to/might (etc.) clean

passive: should/could/ought to/might (etc.) be cleaned

You should clean the office.

The office should be cleaned.

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Passive Voice

active: should/could/might/ought to (etc.) have cleaned

passive: should/could/might/ought to (etc.) have been cleaned

You should have cleaned the office.

The office should have been cleaned.

active: should/could/might/ought to (etc.) have been cleaning

passive: should/could/might/ought to (etc.) have been being cleaned

You should have been cleaning the office while I was filing.

The office should have been being cleaned while I was filing.

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Passive Voice

Passive with two Objects

Active Voice:• John sent some flowers to Mary.• John sent Mary some flowers.

Passive Voice:• Mary was sent some flowers by John.• Some flowers were sent to Mary by John.

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Bibliography

• AZAR, B. S. Understanding and Using English Grammar. 3rd. Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 1999. 437p.

• MURPHY, R. Grammar in use Intermediate. 2nd. Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 341p.

• MURPHY, R. Essencial Grammar in Use. 7th. Ed.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Língua Inglesa IV

Sarah Barbieri Vieira

Atividade 9

Change the sentences to the passive voice:

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a. Ricky should have done the project.

b. They have spent a lot of money.

c. The students can do their homework later.

d. Lucy is organizing the exhibition.

e. The workers will build a new hospital.

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Answer Keya. Ricky should have done the project.

The project should have been done by Ricky.

b. They have spent a lot of money. A lof of money has been spent.

c. The students can do their homework later. Their homework can be done later.

d. Lucy is organizing the exhibition. The exhibition is being organized by Lucy.

e. The workers will build a new hospital. A new hospital will be built by the workers.

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