Sistemas de Informação para Indústria© António Grilo 2015Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial

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Class 4

The InternetAno 2015

Sistemas de Informaçãopara a Indústria

António GriloProf. Auxiliar FCT-UNL

WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

• A worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that is controlled by no one!

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SCIENCE FICTION

In the May 1970 issue of Popular Science magazine, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that satellites would someday "bring the accumulated knowledge of the world to your fingertips" using a console that would combine the functionality of the photocopier, telephone, television and a small computer, allowing data transfer and video conferencing around the globe.

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On October 4 ,1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite called Sputnik

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HISTORY

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This prompted then United States PresidentDwight Eisenhower to create the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). ARPA was tasked with the job to regain the technological lead in the arms race.

ARPA formed the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) to do research on a Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) program to help protect the US against a space-based nuclear attack.

IPTO pushed the benefits of a country-wide communications network .

HISTORY

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THE FIRST NETWORK

In 1969 ARPA developed a special computer called the Interface Message Processor and the ARPANET was brought to life in early October.

The first communications were between a research center at the University of California at Los Angeles and a center at the Stanford Research Institute

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E-MAIL

• Program developed by Ray Tomlinson in 1972

• @ symbol was introduced

• In 1973, 75% of the traffic was E-mail

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• The first program used by ARPANET was the Network Control Program. In 1983 it was replaced by TCP/IP internet protocol which became the most widely used network protocol in the world.

• In 1990 ARPANET was transferred to NSFNET( National Science Foundations net) which was then connected to the CSNET(Computer Science net) this linked Universities around North America.

• It was then connected to the EUNET(European network) that connected research centers in Europe.

INTERNETWORKING

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ISO-OSI MODEL

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DOMAIN NAME

• In 1984, development of domain name services introduced to people

• To easily find and identify computers linked to the internet

IP Address 192.768.11.2

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB

Tim Berners-Lee marries hypertext to the Internet, and invents the

WWW (1991) (HTTP protocol, web browser, web server, web page)

The historic NeXT computer used by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, on display in the Microcosm exhibition at CERN. It was the first web server, hypermedia browser and web editor.

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MOSAIC

• Released in 1993 by 22 year old student, Mark Anderson

• First Internet Web Browser• First commercial software with

graphical access to the content on the internet

• Very slow• Did not handle loading pictures

well

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BROWSER WARS

Netscape was the standard until 1998.

It folded and was taken over by AOL.

Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)

snagged 96% of the browser market.

IE has only recently been challenged by

the Mozilla browser and Google

Chrome.

In 2015 Microsoft decided to

decommission IE…

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THE EXPLOSION OF THE INTERNET

• 1994-2000, Internet exploded during this period.

• The first commercial website amazon.com.

• In 1994 the world wide web grew by an astounding 2300%.

• Amazon saw that online shopping was the wave of the future.

• The rest is history…

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• 1996 - Approx. 45 million people using internet• 1999 -150 million users• 2000- 407 million users• 2004- between 600-800 million users• 2009- 1.5 billion users • 2014- 2.8 billion users and increasing

THE EXPLOSION OF THE INTERNET

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WEB 2.0 – DEMOCRATISING THE INTERNET

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LONG TAIL

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Web 2.0 FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

Sistemas de Informação para Indústria© António Grilo 2015Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial

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INTERNET CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE

Sistemas de Informação para Indústria© António Grilo 2015Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial

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INTERNET PROTOCOL

Sistemas de Informação para Indústria© António Grilo 2015Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial

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VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS (VPN)

Sistemas de Informação para Indústria© António Grilo 2015Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial

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- Cloud Computing

- Big Data

- Internet of Things

- Semantic Web / Web 3.0

- Mobile Computing

- Gamification

- …

FUTURE INTERNET CHALLENGES