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4 5Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
NESTING
FORAGING
MIGRATION
In the fall, Least Terns migrate south, departing North America and northern Mexico for warmer weather.
WINTERING HABITAT
Least Terns seek the warm waters of the tropics, migrating as far south as Brazil. They inhabit coastal areas, estuaries, bays, lagoons, lakes, and rivers.
In the spring and summer, Least Terns nest on sandy or gravelly beaches, digging a shallow scrape, sometimes lining it with pebbles, grass, or other debris.
These birds eat small fish and the occasional invertebrate, such as small crustaceans and insects. Least Terns forage along the coast, in areas where the beach meets shallow water. Further inland, they can be found feeding along sandbars near rivers or salt flats by lakes.
The Gulf of Mexico for Birds6 7Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
9
80% - RESTORE Act - Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund - $5.3 billion
North American Wetlands Conservation
Fund$100 million
Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund
$1.2 billion
Treasury$6 million
National Academy of Sciences
$500 million
National Fish & Wildlife Foundation$2.5 billion
NFWF will consult with the states on project selection. Projects will be split among
states based on set percentages.
LA50%
MS14%
AL14%
FL14%
TX8%
Clean Water Act Civil & Administrative Penalties$6.7 billion from Transocean,
BP & Anadarko
20% - Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund
$1.3 billion
Criminal PenaltiesBP: $4 billion
Transocean: $400 million
Natural Resource Damage Assessment
$8.1 billion
2.5% Centers of Excellence
30% Gulf Coast Ecosystem
Restoration Council Allocation
35% Equal State Allocation
30% Oil Spill Restoration Impact Allocation
2.5% NOAA RESTORE
Act Science Program
Resolution of Criminal, Civil, Administrative & Natural Resource Claims
NRDA Trustee Council
NOAA
Dept. of Agriculture
State Trustees
Department of InteriorEnvironmental Protection Agency
10 11Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
12 Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
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Texas
Florida
AlabamaMississippiLouisiana
Georgia
¯
& MONITORING SITES IN THE GULFAUDUBON COASTAL STEWARDSHIP
Locations of Audubon’s coastal stewardship program to monitor and protect nesting and migratory waterbirds, seabirds, and shorebirds.
!(
14 15Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
16 17Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
18 19Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
20 Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
22 23Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
24 25Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
100
200
300
400
500
YEAR RELATIVE TO RESTORATION
NU
MBE
R N
ESTI
NG
PA
IRS
Dat
a fr
om M
. Zdr
avko
vic
and
E. J
ohns
on, A
udub
on L
ouis
iana
Fourchon Beach
-32005 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4
Holly Beach
Elmer's Island
5
15
25
35
HATCHED
NES
T FA
TE F
REQ
UEN
CY (%
)
Dat
a fr
om E
. Joh
nson
, Aud
ubon
Lou
isia
na
DEPREDATEDWASHOUT
Restored Unrestored
100
200
300
400
500
YEAR RELATIVE TO RESTORATION
NU
MBE
R N
ESTI
NG
PA
IRS
Dat
a fr
om M
. Zdr
avko
vic
and
E. J
ohns
on, A
udub
on L
ouis
iana
Fourchon Beach
-32005 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4
Holly Beach
Elmer's Island
5
15
25
35
HATCHEDN
EST
FATE
FRE
QU
ENCY
(%)
Dat
a fr
om E
. Joh
nson
, Aud
ubon
Lou
isia
na
DEPREDATEDWASHOUT
Restored Unrestored
27
Primary Habitat: BeachesSecondary Habitat: Barrier Islands
Primary Habitat: Estuarine MarshSecondary Habitat: Mangrove Swamp
Primary Habitat: Intertidal Bars and FlatsSecondary Habitat: Barrier Islands
Primary Habitat: BeachesSecondary Habitat: Barrier Islands
Primary Habitat: Bay IslandsSecondary Habitat: Barrier Islands
Primary Habitat: Intertidal Bars and FlatsSecondary Habitat: Beaches
Primary Habitat: Barrier IslandsSecondary Habitat: Beaches
SNOWY PLOVER CLAPPER RAIL RED KNOT
PIPING PLOVER BROWN PELICAN WESTERN SANDPIPER
Primary Habitat: Intertidal Bars and FlatsSecondary Habitat: Beaches
Primary Habitat: Bay IslandsSecondary Habitat: Intertidal Bars and Flats
Primary Habitat: Intertidal Bars and FlatsSecondary Habitat: Barrier Islands
SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER REDDISH EGRETAMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER
LEAST TERN
BLACK SKIMMERPrimary Habitat: Barrier IslandsSecondary Habitat: Beaches
28 Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
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36 37Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
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46 47Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
48 Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
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54 Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
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Ixobrychus exilis
Pu�nus lherminieri Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea Winters in the Gulf of Mexico
Chlidonias niger Northern United States & southern Canada, inland marshes and Great Lakes coastal marshes
Migrates through the Gulf of Mexico
Onychoprion anaethetus Caribbean islands Winters in the Gulf of Mexico
Gavia immer
Northern United States & Canada, in Great Lakes region’s coastal and inland waters in Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ontario
Winters along the Gulf Coast
Sterna hirundo
Northern United States and southern/central Canada, Great Lakes beaches and islands, Atlantic Coast
Winters on the Gulf Coast in Texas and Florida and migrates along beaches of the Gulf of Mexico
Eastern United States and southern Ontario
Winters on the Gulf Coast in Texas, Mexico, and southern Florida
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME BREEDING GEOGRAPHY CONNECTION TO THE GULF
Audubon’s Shearwater
Black Tern
Bridled Tern
CommonLoon
Common Tern
Least Bittern
67
68 69Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
70 Audubon’s Vision: Restoring the Gulf of Mexico for Birds and People
Whether you’re an employee of a state or federal agency, an elected official, a business, an NGO or community leader, a private landowner, a wildlife manager, a scientist, or an avid birder,
You have an opportunity to strengthen the Gulf for birds and people alike!
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