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Joint and muscle receptors also
are important in maintaining
balance.the brain processes the
information from these systems
to control balance.
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responsible for the sensationsof balance and motion.
It uses the same kinds of fluidsand detection cells (hair
cells)as the cochlea uses, and sendsinformation to the brain
aboutthe attitude, rotation, andlinear motion of the head.
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Normal Hearing
In a normal ear, sound is funneled by the
auricle, or "outer ear", through the ear
canal to the eardrum.Movts of the eardrum are transferred to
the ossicles, the small bones of the
middle ear. The eardrum and ossicles act
as an amplifier and transducer, changing
sound into a mechanical energy.
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At the end of this chain, the
stapes vibrates in and out ofthe oval window, a thin
membrane between the air-filled middle ear and fluid-
filled inner ear.
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The vibration of the stapes sets up a
wave of movement of the inner ear
fluids. This, in turn, stimulates thefine sense organs (the hair
cells) of
the inner ear, which then stimulate
the auditory (hearing) nerve, which
carries the sound energy to the
brain.
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video
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Decibels
Example0- Faintest sound heard by human ear
30- Whisper, quiet library60- Normal conversation, sewing
machine, typewriter
90- Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic(8 hours per day is the
maximum
exposure without protection*)
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100- Chainsaw, drill, snowmobile (2 hours
per day is the maximum exposure without
protection)
115- Sandblasting, loud rock concert,
automobile horn (15 minutes per day is the
maximum exposure without protection)
140- Gun muzzle blast, jet engine (noise
causes pain, and even brief exposure injuresunprotected ears;
injury may occur even
with hearing protectors)
180- Rocket launching pad
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NURSING ASSESSMENT OF
THE EAR:Obtain clients appraisal of
his/her ear.Observe for actions that
suggest a hearing problem.
Document the use of a
hearing aid.
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Ask client about allergies, history
of upper respiratory and middle
ear infections, high fever orexposure to loud sounds.
Inspect external ear for signs ofinfections.
Shine a penlight into the ear to
grossly inspect the ear canal.
Palpate the areas in front &
behind the earlobe.
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1. Basic Auditory Acuity Test:
Whisper Test:
General method used to assess a
clients gross auditory acuity test.
Stand 1-2 feet behind client sothey can not read your lips.
Instruct client to place onefinger on tragus of left ear to
obscure sound.
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Whisper word with 2 distinct
syllables towards client's right
ear.Ask client to repeat word back.
Repeat test for left ear.Client should correctly repeat 2
syllable word.
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2. Otoscopic Examination
Involves inspecting theexternal acoustic canal &
tympanic membrane usingan otoscope.
