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0 BENVENUTI AL WEBINAR DANTE LIVELLO 3 Inizieremo alle 10:00 Pausa di 30min alle 12:30 fino alle 13:00 Poi seguiremo fino alle 15:00 Per domande usate Q&A e iniziate con la parola “DOMANDA…” ATTENZIONE: Leggete le domande degli altri partecipanti prima di chiedere la vostra Alla fine riceverete la registrazione video e i slide in PDF Creare un account http://www.audinate.com/certify

Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: [email protected] Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

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Page 1: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

0

BENVENUTI AL WEBINAR DANTE LIVELLO 3

Inizieremo alle 10:00

Pausa di 30min alle 12:30 fino alle 13:00

Poi seguiremo fino alle 15:00

Per domande usate Q&A e iniziate con la parola “DOMANDA…”

ATTENZIONE: Leggete le domande degli altri partecipanti prima di chiedere la vostra

Alla fine riceverete la registrazione video e i slide in PDF

Creare un account http://www.audinate.com/certify

Page 2: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Certificazione Dante

Livello 3 - Italiano

Augusto “Gus” Marcondes

Technical Training Manager EMEA

[email protected]

Page 3: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

2

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

Page 4: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Impostazioni IP : Indirizzo IP, Subnet Mask, Gateway

Page 5: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

4

Impostazioni IP di base:

LAN

192.168.0.101

192.168.0.52

LAN

SWITCH

I dispositivi della rete locale (LAN) vengono contattati direttamente.

Una connessione di rete è

nota anche come

"sessione".

Client

Server Un "client" avvia una connessione.

Un "server" accetta una

connessione.

Facile da ricordare se si

considera client web e server.

IP Address

Page 6: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

5

INTERNET

66.125.231.94

WAN

Core IP Settings:

LAN

192.168.0.1

ROUTER

SWITCH

192.168.0.101

I dispositivi della rete WAN (Wide Area Network) vengono raggiunti tramite il

router.

I dispositivi della rete locale (LAN) vengono contattati direttamente.

GATEWAY

Gateway (Router)

97.2.5.21

Page 7: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

6

Core IP Settings

In che modo un dispositivo sa di connettersi sulla

LAN o tramite il gateway?

IP Address & Subnet Mask

Page 8: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

7

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask & Gateway

Altrimenti:

L'indirizzo IP di destinazione viene passato al gateway (Router).

Simile a chiamare lo "Zero" per l'operatore telefonico

LAN WAN

IP Address:

Subnet Mask:

LAN Range:

192.168. 10. 11

255.255.255. 0

192.168. 10.

Se la destinazione è sulla LAN:

Accede ai dispositivi direttamente sugli switch di rete locale.

Il router non è coinvolto in questa connessione.

xxx

Page 9: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

8

Quiz: Subnet Mask

Sono ricercati sulla LAN o attraverso il gateway?

192.168.10.18 ...

18.231.109.77 ...

192.168.1.113 ...

IP Address:

Subnet Mask:

LAN

Gateway (WAN)

Gateway (WAN)

192.168. 10. 11

255.255.255. 0

192.168. 10. xxx10. LAN Range: 10.

Page 10: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

9

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask

LAN Range: 192.168. 10. xxx

IP Address:

Subnet Mask:

LAN Range:

10. 0. 1. 11

255.255.255. 0

10. 0. 1. xxx

IP Address:

Subnet Mask:

192.168. 10. 11

255.255.255. 0

Page 11: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

10

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask

LAN Range: 192.168. 10. xxx

IP Address:

Subnet Mask:

LAN Range:

192.168. 10. 11

255.255. 0. 0

192.168. xxx. xxx

IP Address:

Subnet Mask:

192.168. 10. 11

255.255.255. 0

Page 12: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

11

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask

Residential:

Dante Audio Default:

255.255.255. 0

255.255. 0. 0

Internet Service Provider:

Corp Network:

255.255.255.248

255.255.252. 0

Page 13: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

12

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask

coloro che capiscono il sistema binario

e quelli che non ne capiscono.

Ci sono 10 tipi di persone

nel mondo:

Binary Decimal

00 0

01 1

10 2

11 3

Page 14: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

13

Core IP Settings: 32-bit Addresses

Notazione quadrupla punteggiata: 192.168.1.12

Intervallo di valori di ogni campo: 0 – 255 (8 bits)

4 campi x 8 bit ciascuno: 32-bit address

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 1100. . .192 168 1 12. . .

Chiamiamo questa notazione "dotted-quad" o "punto-

decimale".

Page 15: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

14

Core IP Settings: 32-bit Addresses

Indirizzo IP e Subnet Mask sono numeri a 32 bit.

La subnet mask definisce cifre binarie significative.

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 1100. . .192 168 1 12. . .

1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000. . .255 255 255 0. . .

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 xxxx xxxx. . .192 168 1 x. . .

Page 16: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

15

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Length

Questa impostazione dell'intervallo LAN è comunemente

abbreviata: 192.168.1.12 /24

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 1100. . .192 168 1 12. . .

1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000. . .255 255 255 0. . .

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 xxxx xxxx. . .192 168 1 x. . .

Page 17: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

16

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Length

È possibile accorciare la maschera "mid-field":

192.168.0.12 /22

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 1100. . .192 168 1 12. . .

1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000. . .255 255 252 0. . .

1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 00xx xxxx xxxx. . .192 168 0-3 x. . .

Page 18: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

17

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Length

È possibile accorciare la maschera "mid-field":

192.168.26.12 /22

1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 1010 0000 1100. . .192 168 26 12. . .

1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000. . .255 255 252 0. . .

1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 10xx xxxx xxxx. . .192 168 24-27 x. . .

Page 19: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

18

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Length

1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 1010 0000 1100. . .192 168 26 12. . .

1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000. . .255 255 0. . .

1111 1111255

La subnet mask ha una lunghezza.

Una stringa di binari 1, seguita da binari 0.

Page 20: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

19

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Length

1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 1010 0000 1100. . .192 168 26 12. . .

1111 1111 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000. . .255 0 0. . .255

La subnet mask ha una lunghezza.

Una stringa di binari 1, seguita da binari 0.

Page 21: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

20

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Length

1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 1010 0000 1100. . .192 168 26 12. . .

1111 1111 0000 0000. . .255

0000 111115 0. . .

1111 1111255

La subnet mask ha una lunghezza.

Una stringa di binari 1, seguita da binari 0.

Page 22: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

21

Core IP Settings: Subnet Mask Valid Values

Mask Binary Value Answers

255 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

254 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2

252 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 4

248 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8

240 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 16

224 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 32

192 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 64

128 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 256

Page 23: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Intervalli LAN riservati

Page 24: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

23

INTERNET

192.168.0.251

WAN

Ponder This…

LAN WAN

Questo PC può connettersi a questo server?http://192.168.0.251/

192.168.0.101 /24

ROUTER

SWITCH

Page 25: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

24

IP Address Range: Common Uses

192.168.___.___

10.___.___.___

172.16-31.___.___ Dante Secondary (172.31.x.x)

169.254.___.___ Link Local, Dante Primary

Reserved LAN Ranges

Questi sono riservati per l'uso LAN locale.

Page 26: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

25

IP Address Range: Common Uses

___.___.___. 0 Network Identifier

___.___.___. 1 Commonly Used For Router

or Network Infrastructure___.___.___.254

___.___.___.255 Broadcast Address

Addresses to Avoid

Indirizzi che spesso hanno un significato o un ruolo.

Page 27: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

26

Quiz: Valid IP Ranges

No: Avoid 0 or 255 in last field.

Si tratta di indirizzi LAN validi?

192.168. 10. 0 …

Page 28: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

27

Quiz: Valid IP Ranges

No: Avoid 0 or 255 in last field.

Yes.

Si tratta di indirizzi LAN validi?

192.

10.

168.

255.

10.

0.

0

15

Page 29: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

28

Quiz: Valid IP Ranges

No: Avoid 0 or 255 in last field.

Yes.

Maybe: Could be Router.

Si tratta di indirizzi LAN validi?

192.

10.

172.

168.

255.

26.

10.

0.

0.

0

15

1

Page 30: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

29

Quiz: Valid IP Ranges

No: Avoid 0 or 255 in last field.

Yes.

Maybe: Could be Router.

No: Not in a LAN range.

Si tratta di indirizzi LAN validi?

192.

10.

172.

192.

168.

255.

26.

169.

10.

0.

0.

150.

0

15

1

11

Page 31: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

DNS (Servizio Nome x Dominio)

Page 32: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

31

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

Page 33: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

32

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

Protocol Folder/Request

Se tutto è gestito da indirizzi IP,

come posso accedere a un sito

web?

https://www.audinate.com/certify/Server Domain Name or IP Address

Page 34: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

33

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

Se tutto è gestito da indirizzi IP,

come posso accedere a un sito

web?

https://www.audinate.com/certify/

https://45.33.44.50/certify/

Page 35: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

34

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

DNS (Domain Name Service)

Risolve i nomi in indirizzi IP

Page 36: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

35

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

Qual'è l'IP per

avtech.ddm ?

avtech.ddm

si risolve in

192.168.0.9

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.7

8.8.8.8

Page 37: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

36

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

http://avtech.ddm

http://192.168.0.9/

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.7

8.8.8.8

Page 38: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

37

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

Qual è l'IP per

www.audinate.com?

Scusa, non lo so.

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.7

8.8.8.8

Page 39: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

38

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

Qual è l'IP per

www.audinate.com?

www.audinate.com

si risolve in

45.33.44.50

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.7

8.8.8.8

Page 40: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

39

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

http://www.audinate.com

http://45.33.44.50/

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.7

8.8.8.8

Page 41: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

40

DNS: Multi Layer Look-Up

Gateway e Server DNS possono essere lo stesso

indirizzo?

Page 42: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

41

WANLAN1 2 3 4

A “Wireless Router” Serves Many Functions

WAN

Router:Router wireless domestico tipico:

ROUTER

SWITCH ROUTER

Page 43: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

42

A “Wireless Router” Serves Many Functions

+

Un mixer utilizzato per richiedere rack di attrezzi

esterni...

Page 44: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

43

DNS Caching

Include anche:

• DHCP Server

• VPN (Accesso remoto)

• Risoluzione DNS e

memorizzazione nella

cache

1 2 3 4 WAN

Router wireless domestico tipico:

SWITCH ROUTER

Page 45: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

44

DNS Caching

Qual è l'IP per

www.audinate.com?

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

Page 46: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

45

DNS Caching

Qual è l'IP per

www.audinate.com?

Scusa, non lo so.

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

Page 47: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

46

DNS Caching

www.audinate.com

si risolve in

45.33.44.50

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

Qual è l'IP per

www.audinate.com?

Page 48: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

47

DNS Caching

www.audinate.com

si risolve in

45.33.44.50

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

Page 49: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

48

DNS Caching

http://www.audinate.com

http://45.33.44.50/

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

Page 50: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

49

DNS Caching

Qual è l'IP per

www.audinate.com?

www.audinate.com

si risolve in

45.33.44.50

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

Page 51: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

50

DNS Caching

DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1

http://www.audinate.com

http://45.33.44.50/

Page 52: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

51

DNS Resolution – Network Is Very Large

*.com

*.net

*.gov

*.edu

1 – Nomi locali

2 – Nomi Internet

Page 53: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

52

Riepilogo DNS

• Il DNS è come una rubrica telefonica, risolvendo i nomi di dominio in indirizzi IP

• Ci possono essere molti server DNS – il sistema li definisce in base alla priorità

• Il processo restituisce la prima risposta che vede, non un sistema di voto.

• Dispositivi localizzati memorizzare nella cache i nomi dei siti comuni per la velocità

Domain Name Service

Page 54: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

DHCP e Link Local

Page 55: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

54

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

Page 56: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

55

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

DHCP assegna automaticamente:

- IP Address

- Subnet Mask

- Gateway

- DNS

Diverso su ogni dispositivo

Lo stesso su tutti i dispositivi

Page 57: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

56

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

DHCP Settings:

IP Range: Indirizzi IP da distribuire:

DHCP Lease Time:Configurazione "Time to

Live":

192.168.0. 100 to

192.168.0. 254

e.g. – 24 hours

Page 58: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

57

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

? .51 - Static

IP Expiration MAC

ROUTER & DHCP

Page 59: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

58

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.51 - Static

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

ROUTER & DHCP

.101 – 9:30am

Page 60: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

59

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static?

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

ROUTER & DHCP

Page 61: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

60

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 9:40am

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 09:40 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

ROUTER & DHCP

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61

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 9:40am ?

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 09:40 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

ROUTER & DHCP

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62

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 9:40am .103 – 9:45am

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 09:40 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

ROUTER & DHCP

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63

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static? .103 – 9:45am

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 09:40 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

ROUTER & DHCP

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64

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 1:05pm .103 – 9:45am

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

ROUTER & DHCP

2020-06-16 13:05

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65

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 1:05pm ?

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 13:05 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

ROUTER & DHCP

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66

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 1:05pm .104 – 3:10pm

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 13:05 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

.104 2020-06-16 15:10 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.04ROUTER & DHCP

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67

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 1:05pm .104 – 3:10pm

IP Expiration MAC

.101 2020-06-16 09:30 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 13:05 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

.104 2020-06-16 15:10 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.04ROUTER & DHCP

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68

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

.101 – 9:30am .51 - Static.102 – 1:05pm .104 – 3:10pm

IP Expiration MAC

.101 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

.102 2020-06-16 13:05 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

.103 2020-06-16 09:45 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.03

.104 2020-06-16 15:10 AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.04ROUTER & DHCP

2020-06-17 09:30

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69

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

Cosa succede se non è presente alcun server

DHCP?

La maggior parte dei dispositivi accettano "Link Local"

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70

Automatic IP Addressing: Link Local

Link Local assegna automaticamente:

169.254.0.0 /16- IP Address

- Subnet Mask

- Gateway

- DNS

169.254.__.__

255.255. 0 . 0

L'obiettivo è consentire ai dispositivi di comunicare su

una LAN.

Link Local non ha a che fare con:

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71

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

192.168.0.101 192.168.0.51? 192.168.0.103

Se DHCP ha questo aspetto...ROUTER & DHCP

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72

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

169.254.51.137 192.168.0.51? 169.254.14.81

Link Local si presenterebbe così...

ARP richiesta "chi ha" (Broadcast): 169.254.51.137

"Qualcuno sta usando 169.254.51.137?"

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73

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

169.254.51.137 192.168.0.51? 169.254.14.81

Risposta ARP (Unicast):

"Sì, sto usando 169.254.51.137."

Link Local si presenterebbe così...

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74

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

169.254.51.137 192.168.0.51? 169.254.14.81

ARP Richiesta "chi ha" (Broadcast): 169.254.80.12

"OK, qualcuno sta usando 169.254.80.12?"

Link Local si presenterebbe così...

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75

Automatic IP Addressing: DHCP

169.254.51.137 192.168.0.51169.254.80.12 169.254.14.81

"Nessuno ha risposto, quindi userò questo indirizzo.

Link Local si presenterebbe così...

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TCP vs UDP

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77

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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78

TCP vs UDP Traffic

Il traffico TCP è come la posta "raccomandata con ricevuta

di ritorno" dove Il mittente riceve la notifica che il

messaggio è stato ricevuto.

- Il traffico UDP è come la posta "ordinaria" una volta che

mettiamo la busta nella cassetta postale e ci fidiamo che

venga consegnata.

Questo significa che UDP è meno affidabile?

No, è uno strumento diverso per un lavoro diverso.

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79

TCP vs UDP Traffic

Il traffico TCP è come la posta raccomandata.

Il mittente riceve la notifica che il messaggio è stato ricevuto.

TCP è adatto per il traffico Internet in cui:

- Sia probabile che le comunicazioni vengano interrotte (Internet)

- La mancanza di un pacchetto invalida i dati (download ftp)

- La consegna immediata è una comodità, non una necessità.

Problemi con TCP per i supporti:

- Se il pacchetto è stato scartato, qual è il tempo di attesa per una conferma?

- Crea utilizzo aggiuntivo delle risorse della rete, aumentando la probabilità di un

problema.

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80

TCP vs UDP Traffic

UDP è appropriato per il traffico Internet in cui:

- Le comunicazioni non possono essere interrotte (LAN),

- La mancanza di un pacchetto in sequenze può essere superata (correzione

degli errori) o

- La consegna tempestiva o il basso sovraccarico sono fondamentali

I dispositivi stessi possono monitorare le prestazioni della rete:

- Gli switch ed endpoint gestiti possono registrare pacchetti non gestiti o

mancanti

Il traffico UDP è come la posta "ordinaria". Si inserisce la busta

nella cassetta postale e ci si fida che venga consegnata

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81

Verifica della consegna UDP in Dante Controller

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82

Verifica della consegna UDP di Cisco SG

Dropped Packets Other Errors

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83

Use Case Scenario:

Music Festival: 48 bande in 3 giorni…

0 problemi di rete.

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84

Main PA

Nexo STM Mains

Yamaha NXAMP Amps

Monitor PA

Nexo 45N12 Wedges

Nexo PS15/LS18 Side Fills

Yamaha NXAMP Amps

Stageboxes

64 Inputs for Band A

64 Inputs for Band BMonitor Position

(2) Consoles - Band A & Band B

FoH Position

(2) Consoles - Band A & Band B

Production Desk

Yamaha CL1 Mixing Consoles

MC Mic, BGM, Quick Routing

Use Case Scenario:

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Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

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86

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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87

Unicast è come una chiamata telefonicaTransmissione Uno-a-Uno, può attraversare un Router

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

RxRxRx

Rx

Tx

ROUTERSWITCH SWITCH

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88

Unicast è come una chiamata telefonicaUnicast può onerare nelle Trunk Lines

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

RxRxRx

Rx

Tx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

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89

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Rx

Tx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

Trasmissione è come posta SPAM

Uno-a-tutti (broadcast) - Non attraversa il router

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90

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

RxRx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

Multicast w/ IGMP è come un abbonamentoUno-a-molti, non attraversa il router (per impostazione predefinita)

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91

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

RxRx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

Tx

RxRx

Multicast w/ IGMP è come un abbonamentoUno-a-molti, non attraversa il router (per impostazione predefinita)

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92

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Rx

Tx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

Multicast w/ IGMP è come un abbonamentoUno-a-molti, non attraversa il router (per impostazione predefinita)

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93

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

IGMP Snooping è il bit che gestisce le sottoscrizioni:

- Senza IGMP Snooping, Multicast si comporta come Broadcast

- Tutti gli interruttori avrebbero IGMP Snooping Impegnato

- Ci dovrebbe essere un solo IGMP Querier sulla rete

IGMP Snooping v2 o v3:

- Dante funzionerà alla v2 o alla v3.

- Alcuni altri sistemi sono ancora in fase di test con compatibilità v3.

La sottoscrizione viene effettuata a un indirizzo IP multicast

Intervallo: 224.0.0.0 /4 (converte in 224.0.0.0 attraverso 239.255.255.255)

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94

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

RxRx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

Multicast con IGMP SnoopingIGMP Snooping invia dati di flusso solo ai sottoscritti

Tx

RxRx

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95

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Tx

ROUTER

SWITCH

SWITCH

SWITCH

Multicast senza IGMP SnoopingSenza un elenco di sottoscritti, i dati vengono inviati a tutte le porte (come Broadcast)

RxRx RxRx

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96

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Cosa succede se più dispositivi trasmettono allo stesso indirizzo IP?

I dispositivi che si iscrivono a tale flusso riceveranno tutti i contributi.

Questo può essere utilizzato per il bene - come con mDNS "Discovery"

Possiamo mescolare le marche di interruttori con IGMP Snooping?

Puoi, ma non dovresti. Attaccare con un marchio sarà più probabile

hanno gli stessi valori predefiniti per una migliore compatibilità,

potrebbe

auto-negoziare una query IGMP Snooping e offrire coerente

schermate di gestione per la configurazione.

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97

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Cosa succede se una rete prevede switch con e senza IGMP?

Gli switch con IGMP Snooping controlleranno la

distribuzione multicast.

Gli switch senza IGMP Snooping si inonderanno con il

multicast che entra.

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

Tx Step 1 – Stream is created

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98

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Tx Step 2 – Stream is Requested, Scenario 1

Rx

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

Cosa succede se una rete prevede switch con e senza IGMP?

Gli switch con IGMP Snooping controlleranno la

distribuzione multicast.

Gli switch senza IGMP Snooping si inonderanno con il

multicast che entra.

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99

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Tx Step 2 – Stream is Requested, Scenario 2

Rx

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

Cosa succede se una rete prevede switch con e senza IGMP?

Gli switch con IGMP Snooping controlleranno la

distribuzione multicast.

Gli switch senza IGMP Snooping si inonderanno con il

multicast che entra.

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100

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Tx Step 2 – Stream is Requested, Scenario 3

Rx

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

NO

IGMPIGMP

NO

IGMP

Cosa succede se una rete prevede switch con e senza IGMP?

Gli switch con IGMP Snooping controlleranno la

distribuzione multicast.

Gli switch senza IGMP Snooping si inonderanno con il

multicast che entra.

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101

Distribution: Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

Il multicast attraversa un router?

Per impostazione predefinita, no.

Quanto multicast può gestire una rete?

Osservare il carico della CPU sullo switch. Ma in generale,

può muover molto...

Cosa succede se una rete prevede switch con e senza

IGMP?

Gli switch con IGMP Snooping controlleranno la

distribuzione multicast.

Gli switch senza IGMP Snooping si inonderanno con il

multicast che entra.

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102

Use Case Scenario

Nel 2012, la produzione audio di un noto talk

show notturno è stata fatta al 100% Dante.

Harvey, S. (2014, 01 01). The Future of TV Workflow: Dante Networking for “The Arsenio Hall Show”.

https://www.mixonline.com/sfp/future-tv-workflow-dante-networking-arsenio-hall-show-369327

Circa 150 canali di fase sono stati distribuiti da

multicast, raggiungendo fino a 9 destinazioni

chiave.

Il carico della CPU dello switch Cisco SG300 era

di circa il 20%

Multicast in uso

ON AIR

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QoS (Quality of Service)

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104

QoS: Quality of Service

Se molti pacchetti di dati devono

uscire per una stessa porta, si

crea una fila.

QoS ci permette di dare priorità

ad alcuni pacchetti, simili alla

priorità d’imbarco delle

compagnie aeree

Priority

HighPriority

MediumPriority

LowPriority

“Best Effort”

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105

QoS: Quality of Service

Priority

HighPriority

MediumPriority

LowPriority

“Best Effort”- Dare priorità ad alcuni significa

togliere priorità ad altri.

Se molti pacchetti di dati devono

uscire per una stessa porta, si

crea una fila.

QoS ci permette di dare priorità

ad alcuni pacchetti, simili alla

priorità d’imbarco delle

compagnie aeree

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106

Best Effort Low Medium High

QoS: Quality of Service

ClockAudio56 (CS7)46 (EF)

Other Control8 (CS1)

Dante Uses 3 Priority Queues

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107

QoS: Quality of Service

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108

QoS: Types of QoS

● QoS (e.g. Diffserv) è basata sulle ClassSpecificare ciò che è importante

Il tempismo è relativo

Facile da implementare – è possibile mescolare gli switch con e senza QoS

● Alternativa sarebbe Reservation Based (Prenotazioni)Specificare quanti e in quale frequenza: quindi decidere se è possibile

Il tempismo è assoluto

Complesso da implementare – le prenotazione devono essere presenti per tutto oppure il

collegamento non succede.

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109

QoS: Types of QoS

Quando si utilizza QoS, utilizzare "Strict Priority"

La priorità rigorosa serve sempre la classe più importante

Il Round Robin ponderato serve le code in base alle medie ponderate

Shaped Round Robin serve dall'analisi statistica

QoS può aiutare quando...

In una rete convergente, proteggendo dai picchi di larghezza di banda di

applicazioni con priorità inferiore.

I collegamenti si stanno avvicinando al 70% di saturazione o più.

Utilizzando collegamenti più lenti (100Mbit).

- Né è magia – non generano larghezza di banda aggiuntiva

Il miglior QoS è più larghezza di banda

Assegnare priorità ad alcuni traffic significa de-de-prioritizzare gli altri

"Se tutti sono importanti, allora nessuno lo è."

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110

2008 -

Use Case Scenario

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111

System Example

Use Case Scenario

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112

2014 -

Use Case Scenario

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113

Use Case Scenario

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VLANs and Trunk Implications

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115

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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116

What is a LAN?

Una LAN è un gruppo di dispositivi in grado di comunicare.

ROUTER

SWITCHSWITCH

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117

What is a LAN?

What is a LAN?

Una LAN è un gruppo di dispositivi in grado di comunicare.

ROUTER

SWITCH SWITCH

Page 119: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

118

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

Non è necessario offrire lo stesso numero di porte per

VLAN: è possibile assegnare la quantità necessaria.

What is a VLAN?

Una VLAN simula reti isolate in un unico switch

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119

What is a LAN?

What is a LAN?

ROUTER

SWITCH SWITCH

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120

40Gbit Backplane

What is “Non-Blocking Architecture”?

"Architettura non bloccante" significa che il switch in se

non è il fattore limitante della larghezza di banda.

In questo caso, la porta o il cavo sarebbero.

20 ports x 1 Gbit x 2 Directions 40 Gbit Backplane=

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121

40Gbit Backplane

What is “Non-Blocking Architecture”?

26 ports x 1 Gbit x 2 Directions 52 Gbit=

40Gbit Backplane

2 ports x 10 Gbit x 2 Directions 40 Gbit=

92 Gbit backplane

2x 10Gbit Ports26x 1Gbit PortsCisco SG350X-24P

Page 123: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

122

What is a Trunk?

Una linea trunk è un collegamento tra interruttori

20Gbit by 20Gbit Backplane

20Gbit by 20Gbit Backplane

1Gbit by 1Gbit Link

Page 124: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

123

What is a Trunk?

20Gbit by 20Gbit Backplane

20Gbit by 20Gbit Backplane

Una linea trunk è un collegamento tra interruttori

Però, un secondo collegamento trunk crea un problema con STP.

Page 125: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

124

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP impedisce "Loop" nella rete

DHCP Request

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125

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP impedisce "Loop" nella rete

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126

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP impedisce "Loop" nella rete

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127

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP impedisce "Loop" nella rete

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128

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Questo Loop infinito è chiamato "Broadcast Storm"

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129

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP crea un "Dormant Link"

Dormant Link

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130

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP può essere una forma di ridondanza

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131

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP può essere una forma di ridondanza

Questo processo può

richiedere 60 secondi.

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132

Link Aggregation Group (LAG)

Il gruppo di aggregazione dei collegamenti risolve il

problema del Loop

LAG

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135

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

Create a Trunk with Tagged VLANs

Multiple VLANs on a Trunk

1+2

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136

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

Multiple VLANs on a Trunk

1+2

2

2

1

Creare un trunk con VLAN tags

I pacchetti sono "tagati" in modo che si sa il

destinatario dove inviarli.

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137

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

Multiple VLANs on a Trunk

1+2

Creare un trunk con VLAN con tag

I tag vengono rimossi prima di inviarli ai dispositivi in

modo che il processo sia trasparente.

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138

2

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

La VLAN "Senza tag" in un trunk

Multiple VLANs on a Trunk

1+2

Creare una VLAN senza tag, in modo da

poter collegare un PC di manutenzione.

2

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139

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

Multiple VLANs on a Trunk

1+2

Combinare le idee – un LAG di Trunk Lines

Consente una maggiore larghezza di

banda per il collegamento.LAG

Page 139: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Network Ports: https://www.audinate.com:443

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141

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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142

HOW DO WE MANAGE SO MANY CONNECTIONS AT ONCE?

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143

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

L'utente ha richiesto:

http://www.youtube.com/

Cercherò su internet

Indirizzo IP su DNS.

(Servizio nome dominio)

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144

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

Salve DNS

(8.8.8.8:53),

Conosci il

Indirizzo IP per:

www.youtube.com?

8.8.8.8

DNS

Sì. Risolvo

www.youtube.com

all’indirizzo

172.217.23.14

Public

Internet

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145

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

Meglio scriverlo nella

mia rubrica in modo

da non dover

chiedere di nuovo.

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146

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

172.217.23.14

Youtube

Ciao 172.217.23.14:443,

puoi richiamarmi al

numero

192.168.1.23:53618?

Public

Internet

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147

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

172.217.23.14

Youtube

Ciao

192.168.1.23:53618

Cosa posso fare per

te?

Video comici

di gatti per

favore!

Public

Internet

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148

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

172.217.23.14

YoutubePublic

Internet

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149

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

• Lo stesso processo si ripete per ogni applicazione

• Ogni applicazione ha un proprio indirizzo interno (porta)

Application Local Port Remote IP Remote Port

Youtube TCP 53618 172.217.23.14 TCP 443

Facebook TCP 53653 31.13.92.36 TCP 443

Outlook TCP 67123 105.40.225.204 TCP 389

Spotify TCP 57453 194.132.198.198 TCP 443

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150

APPLICATION ADDRESSES

Application Local Port Remote IP Remote PortApplication Local Port Remote IP Remote Port

PTP UDP 53618 224.0.1.129 UDP 319

Audio Flow UDP 14340 192.168.1.56 UDP 14390

Audio Flow UDP 14350 192.168.1.60 UDP 14367

Gain control UDP 50135 192.168.1.56 UDP 50231

• Lo stesso processo si ripete per ogni applicazione

• Ogni applicazione ha un proprio indirizzo interno (porta)

• Anche le reti Dante lo fanno.

Page 150: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Dante Discovery

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152

ROUTER

Dante Discovery

Dante utilizza mDNS per individuare i dispositivi sulla rete.

La "m" sta per multicast.

Indirizzo/porta sottoscrizione: 224.0.0.251:5353

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.92 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

Subscribe to

224.0.0.251:5353

DSP & Amp

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153

Dante Discovery

Dante utilizza mDNS per individuare i dispositivi sulla rete.

La "m" sta per multicast.

Indirizzo/porta sottoscrizione: 224.0.0.251:5353

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.92 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

mDNS discovery populates core device info.

ROUTER

DSP & Amp

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154

Dante Discovery

Dante utilizza mDNS per individuare i dispositivi sulla rete.

La "m" sta per multicast.

Indirizzo/porta sottoscrizione: 224.0.0.251:5353

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155

Dante Discovery

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.92 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

ROUTER

Dante Controller uses unicast Dante API to learn more.

DSP & Amp

L'API Dante prende quindi il sopravvento, ottenendo maggiori dettagli.

Ulteriori query sono unicast.

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156

Dante Discovery

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.92 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

ROUTER

Dante Controller uses unicast Dante API to learn more.

DSP & Amp

L'API Dante prende quindi il sopravvento, ottenendo maggiori dettagli.

Ulteriori query sono unicast.

Page 156: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

157

Dante Discovery

L'API Dante prende quindi il sopravvento, ottenendo maggiori dettagli.

Ulteriori query sono unicast.

Page 157: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

158

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

Cosa succede se alcuni dispositivi sono erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

10.0.15.81 /24

192.168.0.92 /24

10.0.15.82 /24

ROUTER

DSP & Amp

Page 158: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

159Audinate | Bringing the IT revolution to AV

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.92 /24

10.0.15.81 /24

10.0.15.82 /24

ROUTER

Subscribe to

224.0.0.251:5353

DSP & Amp

Cosa succede se alcuni dispositivi sono erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

Page 159: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

160

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.92 /24

10.0.15.81 /24

10.0.15.82 /24

mDNS discovery still populates core device info – multicast is not dependent on LAN range.

ROUTER

DSP & Amp

Cosa succede se alcuni dispositivi sono erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

Page 160: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

161

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.92 /24

10.0.15.81 /24

10.0.15.82 /24

ROUTER

The unicast Dante API will gather information about devices in the proper LAN range.

DSP & Amp

Cosa succede se alcuni dispositivi sono erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

Page 161: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

162

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH

192.168.0.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.92 /24

10.0.15.81 /24

10.0.15.82 /24

ROUTER

But the unicast transmission will see addresses outside our LAN and go to the router.

DSP & Amp

Cosa succede se alcuni dispositivi sono erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

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163

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

Cosa succede se alcuni dispositivi sono erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

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164

ROUTER

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH

10.0.15.101 /24

192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.92 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

Subscribe to

224.0.0.251:5353

DSP & Amp

Cosa succede se Dante Controller si trova erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

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165

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH 192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.92 /24

mDNS discovery still populates core device info – multicast is not dependent on LAN range.

ROUTER

DSP & Amp

10.0.15.101 /24

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

Cosa succede se Dante Controller si trova erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

Page 165: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

166

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

SWITCH 192.168.0.93 /24

192.168.0.91 /24Beam Forming Ceiling Mic

Zoom Conferencing

Dante Controller

192.168.0.92 /24

ROUTER

But the unicast Dante API will think these addresses are on another LAN, not inside our network.

DSP & Amp

192.168.0.81 /24

192.168.0.82 /24

10.0.15.101 /24

Cosa succede se Dante Controller si trova erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

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167

Dante Discovery - Troubleshooting

Cosa succede se Dante Controller si trova erroneamente fuori dalla

gamma LAN?

Page 167: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

168

Dante Discovery – Troubleshooting

La scoperta parziale può essere interrotta da semplici problemi di gamma

LAN:

- Dante Controller potrebbe essere in grado di indicare la gamma LAN in cui si

trova il dispositivo.

- Se tutto è vuoto, verificare che il computer sia compreso nell'intervallo LAN.

- Controllare anche se Dante Controller utilizza l'interfaccia di rete (NIC) corretta

Page 168: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Advanced Clocking, Layer 2

Page 169: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

170

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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171

Basics of Sample Rate & Clock

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172

100111010011010011100011

What do we call this measurement?

Basics of Sample Rate & Clock

“Sample” or a “Digital Word”

Page 172: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

173

Why Do We Cover Clocking?

Dante significa che l'intero sistema è

connesso digitalmente.

Questa è spesso la prima volta che le persone

lavorano con un sistema connesso digitalmente.

Problema: la mancanza di conoscenza causano

alle persone di incolpare Clocking.

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174

Capture

#1

Digital Audio Chain

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175

Capture

#2 #1

Transmit

Digital Audio Chain

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176

Capture

#3 #2 #1

Transmit Process

Digital Audio Chain

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177

Capture

#4 #3 #2 #1

Transmit Process Transmit

48KHz Internal

Digital Audio Chain

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178

Capture

#4 #3 #2 #1

Transmit Process Transmit

48,000.1 Hz

Digital Audio Chain

Clock 1

Clock 2

48,000.3 Hz

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179

Clock: In Sync vs In Phase

Clock 1

Clock 2

OK: In Sync, Out of Phase

Clock 1

Clock 2

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180

Clock: In Sync vs In Phase

Clock 1

Clock 2

Clock 1

Clock 2

OK: In Sync, Out of Phase

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181

Clock: In Sync vs In Phase

Clock 1

Clock 2

Problem: No Sync – Buffer Overrun/Underrun

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182

Clock: In Sync vs In Phase

Clock 1

Clock 2

Problem: No Sync – Buffer Overrun/Underrun

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183

Word Clock Variance (Propagation Delay)

Tim

eClock: Propagation Delay

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184

Word Clock Variance (Propagation Delay)

Tim

eClock: Propagation Delay

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185

Word Clock Variance (Propagation Delay)

Tim

eClock: Propagation Delay

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186

Chase clock at digital input.

Clock: Buffered Distribution

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187

Clock: Central Clock

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188

Why Do We Cover Digital Audio Basics?

Clock: Cyclical Reference vs Positional Pointer

Word Clock è simile al time-code SMPTE?

SMPTE time code

(quadrante dell'orologio)

Word Clock

(pendolo)

Word Clock e time-code SMPTE devono

essere "associati", il che significa che sono

correlati e allineati, ma non descrivono la

stessa cosa.

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189

Dante Word Clock

Dante semplifica la configurazione.

Non solo in sincronia, ma in fase.

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190

• Automated Election Criteria:

Preferred Master

Chasing External Clock

Best Master Clock Algorithm Automatic Process

User Intervention

Dante Word Clock Master Election

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191

Dante Word Clock Master Election

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192

• Automated Election Criteria:

Preferred Master

Chasing External Clock

Best Master Clock Algorithm Automatic Process

User Intervention

Dante Word Clock Master Election

- Sincronizzare "Time of Day" con la precisione di sub-

microsecondi.

- Derivare la frequenza di campionamento audio o la frequenza

fotogrammi video desiderata.

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193

Derrive Clocks from a Higher Resolution PTP Sync

Se abbiamo un ¨pendolo¨ con una risoluzione più alta come PTP...

Possiamo derivare clocking di frequenza inferiore a esso.

192kHz, 96kHz, 48kHz, 44.1kHz , 60fps, 50fps, 30fps, 25fps, 24fps, etc.

PTP resolution far exceeds sample rates or frame rates – the chart above simplifies the drawing so it’ll fit in the resolution of the screen.

Quindi, con PTP, abbiamo un Master Clock per tutta la rete - non uno per

frequenza di campionamento, frequenza fotogrammi, ecc.

Tutto deriva automaticamente da questo comune orologio PTP.

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194

Chase clock at digital input.

Clock: Buffered Distribution

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195

Clock: Central Clock

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196

Word Clock In Word Clock In

Word Clock Out Word Clock Out

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Central Clock

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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197

The “Control” TestWord Clock In Word Clock In

Word Clock Out Word Clock Out

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Central Clock

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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198

Clock: Testing Accuracy – AES3

AES/EBU (AES3)

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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199

Clock: Testing Accuracy – AES3

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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200

Clock: Testing Accuracy – CobraNet

CobraNet

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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201

Clock: Testing Accuracy – CobraNet

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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202

Clock: Testing Accuracy – CobraNet

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

CobraNet

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203

Clock: Testing Accuracy – CobraNet

One Switch Two Switches

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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204

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Dante

Dante

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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205

The “Control” Test

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Dante

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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206206

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Dante

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

Dante

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207

The “Control” Test

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Dante

One Switch Two Switches

Test results courtesy of Yamaha

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208

PTP: Synchronizing Time

• L'idea di distribuire il tempo su una rete è

iniziata con British Railways

• I treni avevano un programma – arrivi / tempi di partenza.

• Stazioni sul percorso necessari per concordare

su che ora era, in modo che i treni sarebbero

"in tempo".

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209

PTP: Synchronizing Time

London

Imposta

l'orologio

sul Big

Ben

Edinburgh

Metti

l'orologio

sul treno

Vai a

Impostare

l’orologio della

stazione di

Edimburgo

d’accordo

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210

PTP: Sync (Time) and Follow-ups (Speed)

Sync (Set Time) - Multicast

Ref 1435:

2019 June 12

09:00:01.000325364

Follow-Up (Set Speed) - Multicast

“Ref 1435:

2019 June 12

09:00:01.000326789”

Il follower imposta l'orologio

Follower Regola la velocità:

Confronta il tempo trascorso

dall'orologio master e il suo

locale, quindi rallenta o

velocizza fino alla

corrispondenza.

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211

PTP: Sync (Time) and Follow-ups (Speed)

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212

PTP: Sync (Time) and Follow-ups (Speed)

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213

PTP: Synchronizing Time

L'orologio sul treno ha continuato a mantenere il tempo in transito.

I pacchetti di rete non riescono…

Londo

n

Edinburgh

E la propagazione del delay?

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214

PTP: Sync and Follow-ups are Multicast

Delay Req 1066:

09:00:02.00567283

Delay Response - Multicast

Delay Response 1066:

Received: 09:00:02.001325745

Responded: 09:00:02.008564367

Delay Request – Multicast

I follower inviano richieste di delay

al Clock Master

Clock follower conosce Tx & Rx

timestamp di richiesta e risposta,

media matematicamente per

individuare i tempi di

attraversamento della rete.

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215

The “Control” TestWord Clock In Word Clock In

Word Clock Out Word Clock Out

Clock: Testing Accuracy – Dante

One Switch Two Switches

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216

Use Case Scenario

Nel 2015, un altro noto talk show notturno è stato

fatto 100% Dante.

Circa 225 canali di fase sono stati distribuiti

multicast, raggiungendo fino a 7 destinazioni

chiave.

Il carico della CPU dello switch Cisco SG300 era

di circa il 30%

Mai più distribuzione del BNC Clock

ON AIR

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217

FOH

Monitors

House Band Guest Band

Studio

Sound FX

Remote Feed

Monitors

FOH

160 Mic Ins (Studio)

64 Mic/Line Ins (Remote)

32 Guest Band “Tracks”

64 Monitor Mixes (32 stereo)

32 Stems

16 Communication Lines

256 Multicast Streams

112 Unicast Streams

500-1000 Patches

Use Case Scenario

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218

Use Case Scenario

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ARP – Address Resolution Protocol

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220

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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221

Switching Happens by MAC Address

192.168.0.101

192.168.0.52 SWITCH

Ricordate quando abbiamo detto che i switch guardano IP?

È ora di guardare un Layer più profondo...

Domain Name

IP Address

MAC Address

DNS

ARP

AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.01

AA.BB.CC.DD.EE.02

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222

ARP Correlates IP Addresses to MAC Addresses

Port MAC

1

2

3

IP MAC

IP MAC

IP MAC 192.168.0.103AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:03

192.168.0.102AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:02

192.168.0.101AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

Ho bisogno di trovare

l'indirizzo MAC per

192.168.0.103.

IP MAC

.103

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223

ARP Correlates IP Addresses to MAC Addresses

192.168.0.103AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:03

Port MAC

1 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

2

3

IP MAC

.103

IP MAC

.101 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

IP MAC

.101 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

192.168.0.102AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:02

192.168.0.101AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

Non per me...

Sono io!

Broadcast

192.168.0.103AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:03

The ARP Process

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224

ARP Correlates IP Addresses to MAC Addresses

192.168.0.103AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:03

Port MAC

1 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

2

3 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:03

IP MAC

.103 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:03

IP MAC

.101 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

IP MAC

.101 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

192.168.0.102AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:02

192.168.0.101AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01

Rispondo..

.

Capito!

Unicast

The ARP Process

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225

ARP Review:

ARP trova l'indirizzo MAC per un indirizzo IP richiesto con

l’intuito di "incollare" i due insieme.

Switch raccolgono passivamente informazioni dalle

richieste ARP mentre passano attraverso la rete.

I messaggi ARP fanno parte del protocolo "Link Local"

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Layered Network Models & Encapsulation

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227

Argomenti di networking per oggi

Porte di rete

Informazioni su Master Clock

Modelli di rete a layer, ARP

Segmentazione del dominio broadcast

Gestione delle connessioni simultanee

Protocollo PTP (Precision Time Protocol)

Associando IP & MAC Addresses, Il modello OSI

Gestione del "Rumore" in una rete

Configurazioni principali IP

DNS

DHCP/Link Local

TCP/UDP

Unicast, Multicast e Broadcast

Qos

Implicazioni di VLAN e Trunk

Metodi di trasmissione

Metodi di distribuzione

Qualità del servizio - Priorità del traffico

VLAN, Trunk, VLAN con tag, STP, GAL

Indirizzi IP, Maschera di sub-rete, Intervallo LAN

Servizio di nomi di dominio

Configurazioni automatiche d´indirizzi

EN

HA

NC

EN

EW

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228

LAYERED MODELS

Concettuale, non concreto.

I modelli concettuali tendono a durare più a lungo dei modelli

concreti.

Indipendente di hardware specifici, non sempre riflette quello

che succede nella vita reale.

Utile nella progettazione o nella risoluzione dei problemi

Un cavo scollegato è un problema "Layer 1".

Sto cercando un switch di rete "Layer 3".

Abilità non richiesta per creare una semplice rete Dante

Ma è sul test di certificazione Dante Livello 3.

Layered Models sono:OSI Model

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

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229

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

Questo va al servizio postale

(CAT6 o cavo in fibra)

}

}Con indirizzi da/verso...

(sia in MAC che in indirizzo IP)

Scrivo una lettera...

(dati)

Che è messo in una busta...

(datagramma)

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230

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

viene messo in un datagramma...

da/verso indirizzi IP...

da/verso gli indirizzi MAC...

Dati per la rete} Some Data

Src

MAC

Dst

MAC

Src

IP

Dst

IP

Src

Port

Dst

Portprot Some Data

Src

IP

Dst

IPSrc

Portprot Some Data

Dst

Port

Src

Portprot Some Data

Dst

Port

Encapsulation

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231

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

Dati per la rete}5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

ed è inviato elettricamente attraverso un

cavo...

viene messo in un datagramma...

da/verso indirizzi IP...

da/verso gli indirizzi MAC...

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232

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

con tutti i dati confezionati in un

datagramma

che ha un IP

che proveniva da un indirizzo MAC

convertito dall'elettricità alla logica

e i dati vengono dati a un'applicazione

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

{

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233

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

Se sei il progettista di un'applicazione per computer,

probabilmente ti preoccupi dei livelli superiori del

modello.}

Se sei un ingegnere di rete, probabilmente ti preoccupi

di più dei livelli inferiori del modello.}

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234

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

Possiamo fare a meno di dettagli di

alto livello.

Ci piace il dettaglio a livello inferiore.

Application

Transport

Internet Layer

Network Access

TCP/IP Model

}

{}

{Nel lavoro che faremo...

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235

LAYERED MODELS

5: Session

6: Presentation

7: Application

4: Transport

3: Network

2: Datalink

1: Physical

OSI Model

Application

Transport

Internet Layer

Network Access

TCP/IP Model

Nessuno dei due modelli è perfetto. Ma

se ci concentriamo sugli ultimi tre strati

del modello OSI, otterremo ciò di cui

abbiamo bisogno.

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236

LAYERED MODELS

(Lowest Three Layers)

1: Physical

2: Datalink

3: Network

OSI Model

Layer 1 si riferisce al cavo e al segnale elettrico su di

esso.

È collegato?

Il cavo è rotto, problema con impedimento, ecc?

C'è un'interferenza elettromagnetica sul rame?

C'è luce o estremità sporche sul cavo in fibra ottica?

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237

LAYERED MODELS

3:

2:

1: Physical

OSI Model(Lowest Three Layers)

Layer 1 si riferisce al cavo e al segnale elettrico su di

esso.

È collegato?

Il cavo è rotto, problema con impedimento, ecc?

C'è un'interferenza elettromagnetica sul rame?

C'è luce o estremità sporche sul cavo in fibra ottica?

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238

LAYERED MODELS

(Lowest Three Layers)

1:

2: Datalink

3: Network

OSI Model

SWITCH

ROUTER

Gestito dall'indirizzo MAC

Gestito da indirizzo IP

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Segmenting the Broadcast Domain

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240

LAYERED MODELS

OSI Model

Layer 2 - SwitchPassaggio di dati all'interno di una LAN

Layer 3 - Router Passaggio di dati da una LAN a un'altraPassing

data from one LAN to another

SWITCH

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast consentito

Solo Unicast

Non fa Multicast (ci sono alternative)

Non fa Broadcast

2: Datalink

3: Network

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241

LAYERED MODELS

OSI Model

SWITCH

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

SWITCH SWITCH

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

192.168.2.1192.168.1.1

Ogni VLAN deve avere una subnet IP designata.

2: Datalink

3: Network

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Uno spazio riunioni divisibile è simile alle VLAN in una rete...

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243

BROADCAST TRANSMISSION

I messaggi Broadcast sono ‘uno per tutti’

switch

Broadcast message

Interesting

Boring

Boring

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244

BROADCAST TRAFFIC

Broadcast

messageBoring

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Boring

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BoringBoring

BoringBoring

BoringBoring

BoringBoring

Boring Boring

Boring

BoringBoring

Interesting

Broadcast

message

Boring

Boring

Boring

Boring

Boring

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Boring

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Boring

Boring

Boring

Boring

BoringBoring

BoringBoring

BoringBoring

BoringBoring

Boring Boring

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BoringBoring

BoringBoring

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Boring

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Broadcast

message

Broadcast

message

Interesting

InterestingInteresting

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245

Sicuramente c'è un modo migliore per affrontare questo problema?

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246

SEGMENTING BROADCAST DOMAINS – GOOD PRACTICE

Boring

Me!

Boring

Boring Boring Boring

BoringBoring

Boring Boring Boring

Boring BoringBoring

Broadcast

message: who has

192.168.1.47?

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247

Quick Review:

OSI Model

SWITCH

(Lowest Three Layers)

SWITCH SWITCH

Le VLAN segmentano i domini Broadcast (Livello 2).

2: Datalink

3: Network

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248

Quick Review:

OSI Model

SWITCH

(Lowest Three Layers)

SWITCH SWITCH

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

Per ogni VLAN sono designate subnet IP separate.

2: Datalink

3: Network

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249

Quick Review:

OSI Model

SWITCH

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

SWITCH SWITCH

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

192.168.2.1192.168.1.1

Un router può quindi collegare dispositivi tra domini Broadcast (VLAN).

2: Datalink

3: Network

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250

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

2: Datalink

OSI Model

3: Network

(Lowest Three Layers)

Routers

Switches

Se I switch fanno passaggio

di traffico Layer 2…

…cos'è esattamente un

"Layer 3 Switch"?

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251

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

+

Ti ricordi quando abbiamo parlato di

consolidamento degli attrezzi?

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252

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

1 2 3 4 WAN

SWITCH ROUTER

Ti ricordi quando abbiamo parlato di

consolidamento degli attrezzi?

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253

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

2: Datalink

OSI Model

3: Network

SWITCH

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

SWITCH SWITCH

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

192.168.2.1192.168.1.1Routers

Switches

Un "Layer 3 Switch" ha routers all'interno.

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254

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

2: Datalink

OSI Model

3: Network

SWITCH

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

SWITCH

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

192.168.2.1192.168.1.1Routers

Switches

Un "Layer 3 Switch" ha routers all'interno.

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255

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

2: Datalink

OSI Model

3: Network

VLAN

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

VLAN

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

192.168.2.1192.168.1.1Routers

Switches

VIRUTALTRUNK

Un "Layer 3 Switch" ha routers all'interno.

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256

What is a Layer 3 Switch?

2: Datalink

OSI Model

3: Network

VLAN

ROUTER

(Lowest Three Layers)

VLAN

192.168.1.0 /24 192.168.2.0 /24

192.168.2.1192.168.1.1Routers

Switches

This is often referred to as a “Router on a Stick”.

VIRUTALTRUNK

Page 256: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Advanced Clocking, Layer 3

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258

Some Clocking Challenges:

Master Clock è in grado di sincronizzare tutti i

dispositivi?

Dante Domain Manager can arrange clocking trees to support over a thousand

Dante devices, so one device does not have to synchronize all others directly.

Dante

Interface

Maximum

Channels

Flows Redundant Clock

Master

Ultimo 0x4 2x2 4x0 2 ≤20

Broadway 16x16 16

Brooklyn II 64x64 32 ≤250

PCIe Card 128x128 32

HC 512x512 128

Dante AV V: 1x0 or 0x1

A: 8x8

V: 1

A: 4

DVS 64x64 16

Dante Via 16x16/pgm

32x32 total

8

Studio Technologies 5401 "Dante Master Clock"

Si tratta di un modulo Brooklyn II con un ingresso Sync

in grado di accettare l'input Video o Word Clock.

Questo è stato progettato per consentire alle grandi

reti di dispositivi Ultimo di lavorare insieme.

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Redundant Networks

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260

Redundant Networks

Le reti ridondanti sono entrambe funzionanti a tempo pieno

Dante non cade da una all’altra rete ("fail-over«)

Ridondanza Dante consiste in due opportunità per ottenere i dati attraverso.

Questo è il motivo per cui abbiamo il recupero senza soluzione di continuità se

una rete si guasta.

Questa è una considerazione per la larghezza di banda, soprattutto se trunked

insieme.

Page 260: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

261

Redundant Networks – Both Run Full-Time

SWITCH SWITCH

Mic Preamp

Mixer

PA Amplifier

Page 261: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

262

Redundant Networks – Both Run Full-Time

SWITCH SWITCH

Mic Preamp

Mixer

PA Amplifier

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263

Redundant Networks – Both Run Full-Time

SWITCH SWITCH

Mic Preamp

Mixer

PA Amplifier

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264

Redundant Networks

● Redundant Networks sono sempre Full TimeDante non "fail-over" - ha naturalmente due opportunità per ottenere i dati attraverso.

Questo è il motivo per cui abbiamo il recupero senza soluzione di continuità se una rete si guasta.

Questa è una considerazione per la larghezza di banda, soprattutto se trunked insieme.

● Redundant Networks devono essere isolate (Broadcast Domain)Entrambe le reti utilizzano PTP per Orologio nello stesso intervallo IP.

Per ottenere orologi ridondanti su ogni rete, ogni rete deve essere isolata l'una dall'altra.

● Common Failure – Connected Redundant, Configured SwitchedPer evitare questo problema, visualizzare una rete alla volta.

Verificare che tutte le periferiche siano ridondanti e che tutte le connessioni previste possano essere effettuate.

Quindi visualizzare entrambe le reti e simulare gli errori sui dispositivi.

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265

Redundant Networks – How Much Redundancy?

PRIMARY

SWITCH

SECONDARY

SWITCH

PRIMARY

SWITCH

SECONDARY

SWITCH

VLAN P/S

SWITCH

VLAN P/S

SWITCH

VLAN P/S

SWITCH

Stage FoH Delay Towers

Cable RedundancyFull Redundancy

Page 265: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Design & Troubleshooting

Page 266: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

267

Troubleshooting: Oddball Issues To Know

OS-X Running Virtual Soundcards

Dante Virtual Soundcard cannot get clock.

DVS Shows “Listening” in Dante Controller.

Network is using IGMP Snooping.

Problem:

Symptoms:

Multicast subscriptions have a Time-To-Live (TTL). OS-X is not

properly extending subscriptions to multicast stream for clocking.

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268

Troubleshooting: Oddball Issues To Know

OS-X Running Virtual Soundcards

Dante Virtual Soundcard cannot get clock.

Either turn off IGMP Snooping, manually

forward PTP or “Forward All Multicast”.

Problem:

Solution:

PTP uses 224.0.1.129-224.0.1.132 on ports 319/320.

“Forward All” effectively overrides IGMP Snooping on a port.

The port is often 1Gbit, so there is likely bandwidth to spare.

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269

Troubleshooting: Oddball Issues To Know

iMac, Mac Mini, MacBook, etc.

Built-in Ethernet may not be serviced often

enough for Virtual Soundcards (DVS, Via, etc.)

Other network devices perform normally.

Only Virtual Soundcard Latency is inconsistent.

Problem:

Symptoms:

Not a network issue - the computer isn’t transmitting in time. The

CPU often services the NIC, which induces network jitter.

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270

Troubleshooting: Oddball Issues To Know

iMac, Mac Mini, MacBook, etc.

Built-in Ethernet may not be serviced often

enough for Virtual Soundcards (DVS, Via, etc.)

Use a Thunderbolt to Ethernet Adapter.

Problem:

Solution:

This moves the NIC port maintenance off the CPU and on to the

adapter, smoothing network jitter issues.

Page 270: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

271

Troubleshooting: Defining the Problem

Per risolvere un problema, è

necessario prima definirlo.

Cosa non funziona?

"Non funziona", non aiuta.

Page 271: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

272

Troubleshooting: Defining the Problem

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

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273

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Acceso, collegato e porte si accendono?

Indirizzo IP duplicato o Nome Dante

mDNS discovery open? (Multicast 224.0.0.251:5353.)

Ping device to confirm it’s presence, subnet & VLAN

Convalidare il percorso per l'individuazione/comunicazione.

If link is Layer 3, ensure DNS-SD is working.

Broken trunk lines, failed routers, frozen switches.

Try new cables including trunk lines. Reboot switch.

Collegare direttamente al dispositivo o utilizzare un altro

interruttore.

Most switch config problems won’t span switches. A multicast

flood would cross if IGMP Snooping absent.

If the device is off and the IP responds to a ping or the name

shows in Dante Controller, this is your issue.

Page 273: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

274

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

Evaluate Dante Controller Clock Histogram

& Follow Dante Domain Manager Clock Tree:

Look for trends of stable devices. A common path for

instability indicates a network optimization issue.

“Blades of Grass” could just be clock master change.

Clear history and watch performance going forward.

Follow unicast and multicast “tree”, determine if a

particular path is challenged, past which links are not

establishing a stable clock.

Changing Clock Masters:

New clock elections take place when devices appear

on or leave the network. This may be normal behavior,

especially when systems boot up.

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Page 274: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

275

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

Can the Master Clock sync all devices?

Dante Domain Manager can arrange clocking trees to support over a thousand

Dante devices, so one device does not have to synchronize all others directly.

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Dante

Interface

Maximum

Channels

Flows Redundant Clock

Master

Ultimo 0x4 2x2 4x0 2 ≤20

Broadway 16x16 16

Brooklyn II 64x64 32 ≤250

PCIe Card 128x128 32

HC 512x512 128

Dante AV V: 1x0 or 0x1

A: 8x8

V: 1

A: 4

DVS 64x64 16

Dante Via 16x16/pgm

32x32 total

8

Page 275: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

276

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Studio Technologies 5401 “Dante Master Clock”

This is a Brooklyn II with a Sync input that can accept

Video or Word Clock input. This was designed to

allow large networks of Ultimo devices to work

together.

Page 276: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

277

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

Quit other programs, just run Dante-related programs.

Is CPU servicing virtual interface often enough?

iMac, Mac Mini and MacBook (not Pro) Ethernet ports

are often managed by CPU directly. Using an external

Ethernet adapter (i.e. Thunderbolt) helps.

Known problem with OS-X and most switch makers

where multicast subscriptions are not maintained.

See our switch configuration guide for solutions.

OS-X w/ built-in network port?

OS-X and switch w/ IGMP snooping?

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Virtual Interfaces (e.g. - DVS, Dante Via)

Computer Issues, not Network Issues.

Page 277: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

278

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

Is QoS Set Correctly?

In QoS, the highest value is the highest priority. So,

queue 4 is higher priority than queue 1. Those new to

switch configuration may set this backwards.

Are Device or Trunk Links Saturated?

We recommend keeping links under 80% saturation

for best performance, and QoS may be required over

60% or when 100Mbit devices are added.

Other Traffic Skewing Clock

AVB traffic does not integrate with QoS – it simply

supercedes it. Keep AVB on separate hardware.

As if “jumbo packets” are being used by other systems

on the network. If so, ensure QoS prioritize PTP.

Dante PTP uses DSCP tag “CS7” (decimal value 56).ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

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279

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Page 279: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

280

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

Working Subscription

Cannot Locate Transmitter on Network

Something is wrong with the Stream

Dante device or channel name changed

Wrong Sample Rate (One device changed)

Out of flows (switch to multicast)

No audio (silence or audio packets not received)

Receiver cannot locate transmitter/channel.

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Dante Controller Shows the Nature of the Problem

More detail is available in the “Tool Tip” roll-over.

Page 280: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

281

Troubleshooting: Solving the Issue

ConnectivityIs it online and responding?

ClockingIs it synchronized and stable?

SubscriptionsIs it receiving the channels it is expecting?

LatencyAre all channels arriving in a timely manner?

Page 281: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Next Steps

Page 282: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

289

TAKE THE LEVEL 3 TEST

http://www.audinate.com/certify

• Creare un account Audinate se non si

dispone di un account

• Accedi al tuo account

• Fai il test di livello 3

• Il certificato viene generato

automaticamente

Page 283: Audinate Presentation€¦ · Title: Audinate Presentation Author: kieran.walsh@audinate.com Created Date: 4/20/2020 5:00:23 PM

Grazie mille!

Augusto “Gus” Marcondes

Technical Training Manager EMEA

[email protected]