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Audience and Institution Glossary

y 3-Dimentional Films (3D) - A 3D (three-dimensional) film or S3D (stereoscopic 3D) film is a motionpicture that enhances the illusion of depth perception.

y Above the Line Costs - Portion of the budget that covers major creative participants (writer,director, actors and producer) including script and story development costs.

y Artificial Lighting - Lighting that is used in a film that is produced by light sources other than thenatural occurring light (from the Sun).

y Audience - In marketing and advertising, a target audience, or target group is the primary group ofpeople that something, u sually an advertising campaign, is aimed at appealing to.A target audience

can be people of a certain age group, gender, marital status, etc.

y Below the Line Costs - he technical expenses and labour including set construction, crew, cameraequipment, film stock, developing and printing.

y Blu-Ray - A Blu-ray Disc (also known as BD or Blu-Ray) is an optical disc storage medium designed tosupersede the standard DVD format. Its main uses are for storing high-definition video, PlayStation

3 video games, and other data.

y Budget - A summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them. y Cameras - A digital camera (also digicam or camera for short) is a camera that takes video or still

photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an e lectronic image sensor.

y Cast - he actors/actresses of a film/play.y Cinematography - Is the making of lighting and camera choices when recording photographic

images for the cinema.

y Cinematographer - Cameraman: a photographer who operates a movie camera.y Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) - the application of the field of computer graphics or, more

specifically, 3D computer graphics to special effects in films, television programs, commercials and

simulators.

y Conglomerate - A group of institutions under common ownership such as Universal.y Co-Productions - A production where two or more different production companies are working

together, for example in a film production. In the case of an international coproduction, production

companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

y Demographics - he characteristics of a human population as used in government, marketing oropinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research.

y Director he person who directs the making of the film.y Distribution - he commercial activity of transporting and selling goods from a producer to a

consumer.

y Editing - he process of cutting and assembling the footage (from the Shooting stage).y Editing Software - Also known as Non Linear Editing (NLE). It is application software that handles

the editing of video sequences on a computer.

y Exhibition - he films showing to the audience (via a Cinema for example).

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y Film Production - he process of making a film, from an initial story idea or commission, throughscriptwriting, shooting, editing, directing and distribution to an audience.

y Final Cut - he final edited version of a movie as approved by the director and producer. y Financing - he process of obtaining the funding for the films production. y Genre - he method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from

which films are constructed.y Grants - Funds by one party (Grant Makers), often a Government Department, Corporation,

Foundation or Trust, to an educational insti tution, business or an individual.

y High Definition (HD) - Means to have a high resolution. In other words a High -Definition video has ahigh degree of detail.

y Humour - The tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provideamusement.

y Iconography - The images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with aperson or a subject (the Police Badge for example).

y IMAX - A motion picture film format and projection standard created by the Canadian IMAXCorporation.

y Improvisation (Cast and Script) - the practice of acting, singing, talking and reacting, of making andcreating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of one's immediate environment and inner

feelings.

y Independent Institution - Free from external control and constraint.y Institution - A film institution is the company that produce the film for the specific targeted

audience.

y Intertextuality - Being or involving the reference of one text by another.y Language Usage - The way that the director uses language (spoken) to give a certain effect on the

audience. (Euphemism/Dysphemism).y Locations -Where the footage is shot for the particular scene.y Marketing - The commercial processes involved in promoting and selling and distributing the film. y Mise en Scene - Arrangement of scenery and properties to represent the place where a play or

movie is enacted.

y Montage Sequence - Montage is a technique in film editing in which a series of short shots areedited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information.It is usually used to suggest the

passage of time, rather than to create symbolic meaning as it does in Soviet Montage Theory.

y Narrative - A story that is created in a constructive format (as a work of writing, speech, poetry,prose, pictures, song, motion pictures, video games, theatre or dance) that describes a sequence of

fictional or non-fictional events.

y National Lottery - Film institutions can gain funding from the National Lottery. y Natural Lighting - Lighting that used by the film director from a natural source (such as the Sun).y Physical Effects - The term given to a sub-category of special effects in which mechanical or

physical effects are recorded. Physical effects are usually planned in preproduction and created in

production.

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y Post-Production- The final stage in the production of a film after completion of principalphotography. Involves editing, addition of sound/visual effects, dubbing, etc.

y Pre-Fabricated Set - A set that is already there such as a street or building that the director canuse in his film without constructing any sets.

y Pre-Production - The period prior to principal photography, in which directors are hired, actors arecast, sets are built, costumes designed, and writers work on polishes.

y Pre-Sales - The sale of copies of the film before the film is produced in order to use the money tocreate it.

y Producer - Someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a film. y Props - Anything an actor touches or uses on the set; e.g. phones, guns, cutlery, etc. Movie animals

and all food styling (food seen or eaten on set/screen) also fall into this domain.

y Research - The process of investigating facts associated with the desired film (such as Genre).y Script Development - The process of developing the script so that the producer, director and

financers are happy and are ready to move forward with the idea.

y Shooting - The process of shooting the necessary shots for the film.y Social Realism - An artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which depicts

social and racial injustice, economic hardship, through unvarnished pictures of life's struggles; often

depicting working class activities as heroic.

y Stereotypes - A commonly held public belief about specific social groups , or types of individuals.y Storyboarding - A series of drawings that lay out the sequence of scenes in a film, especially an

animated one, but now any sequence of drawings or diagrams, as to illustrate the sequence of

events in an accident or as a flow she et for computer programming.

y Tax Shelter - A legal means by which an investor may reduce or defer payment of part of his or herfederal income tax.

y Transitions - The change between two shots to give a desired effect.y UK Film Council - The UK Film Council (UKFC) was set up in 2000 by the Labour Government as a

non-departmental public body to develop and promote the film industry in the UK.

y Visual Effects - (Commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are the various processes by whichimagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a live action shoot. (Created in Post

Production).