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Install and configure WebSphere ApplicationServer on UNIX and Linux systems

UNIX and Linux are perfect platforms for WebSphere

Skill Level Intermediate

William von Hagen (wvhvonhagenorg)Systems Administrator Writer

WordSmiths

22 Dec 2008

Learn how application servers are used in modern enterprise environments and howto install IBMreg WebSpherereg Application Server on UNIXreg and Linuxreg systems toprovide the cornerstone of a robust well-supported enterprise Web environmentThis tutorial also explains how to integrate WebSphere Application Server into the

startup and shutdown processes on your UNIX and Linux servers and provides linksto many other resources that will help you get up and running quickly withWebSphere Application Server

Section 1 Before you start

Learn what to expect from this tutorial and how to get the most out of it

About this tutorial

Application servers are a central component of the Web architectures used inenterprise computing today This tutorial begins with a general discussion ofmiddleware in todays Web architectures focusing on IBMs WebSphere family ofproducts and the different ways in which WebSphere Application Server can bedeployed The remainder of the tutorial provides detailed information about how toinstall and configure WebSphere Application Server integrate it into your systems

Install and configure WebSphere Application Server on UNIX and Linux systems copy Copyright IBM Corporation 2008 All rights reserved Page 1 of 40



startup process and integrate it into your enterprise computing infrastructure Aftercompleting this tutorial you will understand how to install configure and deployWebSphere Application Server and its relationship with other applications andservers in a Web-based computing environment

Objectives

This tutorial provides

bull A review of common Web architectures and the role of application serversand middleware in todays enterprise Web architectures

bull A basic understanding of WebSphere Application Server

bull An overview and comparison of common WebSphere installation anddeployment mechanisms

bull Instructions for installing WebSphere Application Server on UNIX andLinux distributions

bull A basic overview of the initial configuration of the WebSphere ApplicationServer

bull Details on how to integrate WebSphere Application Server into thesystem startup and shutdown processes and how to start and stop theserver manually

PrerequisitesThis tutorial is written for beginning to intermediate-level systems administrators whomay never have installed or configured a Web application server and who may beunfamiliar with modern Web server architectures To complete the examples in thistutorial you should have a general familiarity with UNIX command-line shells andtext editors

System requirements

To run the examples in this tutorial you need administrative (root) privileges on aUNIX or Linux system on which no application server is currently installed Thesystem should have a minimum of 1GB of RAM

When installing WebSphere Application Server at least 31GB of disk space mustbe available on the system A minimum of 13GB must be permanently available inthe file system that contains the opt directory and 175GB more must be

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Install and configure WebSphere Application Server on UNIX and Linux systemsPage 2 of 40 copy Copyright IBM Corporation 2008 All rights reserved



temporarily available in the file system from which you install WebSphere ApplicationServer

If you are installing WebSphere Application Server on a Linux system not all Linuxdistributions include a version of the Javatrade Runtime Environment (JRE) that is

suitable for use by the installer and certain WebSphere Application Server functionsOn unsupported Linux distributions such as Ubuntu you should download and installthe IBM Java software development kit (SDK) and make some minor modificationsto your system before installing WebSphere Application Server See Setting upunsupported Linux distributions for instructions

If you choose to install the IBM Java SDK at least 450MB of additional disk spacemust be available on the system A minimum of 175MB must be permanentlyavailable in the file system that contains the opt directory and 275MB more must betemporarily available in the file system from which you install IBM Java SDK

Section 2 Web servers and architectures

Todays enterprise Web environments are much more sophisticated than the simplecontent-delivery model of a few years ago Evolving Web software technologies andincreasing connectivity between Web servers and other data resources continue torevolutionize what users can do from the Internet and the services that businessescan offer and use themselves over the Web

Modern Web architectures and middleware

Todays enterprise Web architectures use what are known as n-tier architecturesthat enable Web servers to connect to data sources beyond simple static content Toaccess remote data sources these n-tier Web architectures typically usemiddleware which is the term for software that connects other applications orservices The most powerful and flexible form of middleware is a Web application server such as IBM WebSphere Application Server that hosts the applicationprogram interfaces (APIs) required by enterprise Web applications These Web

applications implement the connectivity between applications and resources(business logic ) required by Web-based implementations of various business processes

In n-tier Web architectures an application server can be running on the samesystem on which a Web server is running or on another system The Web serveracts as an intermediary between Web clients and the application server just as theapplication server acts as an intermediary between application logic and remote data

ibmcomdeveloperWorks developerWorksreg




requirements

IBM WebSphere Application Server overview

IBM WebSphere Application Server is a Java application server that is built usingopen standards such as Java Platform Enterprise Edition (Java EE) ExtensibleMarkup Language (XML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)-based Webservices WebSphere Application Server is typically used in conjunction with otherIBM products such as IBM HTTP Server but can be used with most other Webservers including the standard Apache HTTP Server Microsoftreg Internet InformationServices (IIS) and the Sun Java System Web Server The IBM HTTP Serverincludes a WebSphere Application Server plug-in to simplify WebSphereconfiguration and administration

WebSphere Application Server provides a robust scalable environment for

enterprise Web applications Its architecture and the reuse and integrationopportunities provided by other WebSphere products minimize runtime memoryrequirements and deliver a secure standards-based infrastructure for Web-basedapplication development and deployment The wide range of existing WebSphereadd-on products supported development frameworks and its support for newstandards such as the Service Component Architecture (SCA) satisfy therequirements of todays enterprise applications while simplifying the developmentand integration of the new applications that will deliver tomorrows solutions SeeResources for a link to the WebSphere Application and transaction infrastructurepage which provides information about many of the WebSphere add-on productsthat are currently available

Both IBM WebSphere Application Server and IBM HTTP Server are supported onmany platforms including Linux IBM AIXreg HP-UX IBM i (i5OS i6OS OS400)IBM zOS Microsoft Windowsreg and Solaris See Supported platforms for moredetailed information about hardware and software requirements

See Resources for links to additional information on popular n-tier applicationservers

Supported platforms

This tutorial discusses installing and configuring IBM WebSphere Application Server70 Version 70 is available for and supported on the following operating systemsand associated hardware

bull AIX

bull HP-UX on IA64 and HP-UX PA-RISC





bull Linux (32 bit)

bull Linux for IBM itrade System ptrade and System ztrade

bull Sun Solaris on SPARC and x86-64

bull Microsoft Windows 2000 Windows Serverreg 2003 and MicrosoftWindows XP

WebSphere Application Server is officially supported on the Red Hat EnterpriseLinux versions 4 and 5 and SUSE Enterprise Server versions 9 and 10 Linuxdistributions but you should be able to install it cleanly on any Linux distribution TheSetting up unsupported Linux distributions section provides tips to enable you toinstall and run WebSphere Application Server on Linux distributions other than thosethat are officially supported

Note You can run the 32-bit Intelreg architecture versions of WebSphere Application

Server and HTTP Server on a 64-bit UNIX system as long as you have installed yourUNIX systems 32-bit compatibility libraries on that system The name of thispackage and the package management system used for its installation differs onvarious UNIX systems On Linux systems this is the ia32-libs package

Deploying WebSphere Application Server

WebSphere Application Server is typically deployed in one of two basic ways

bull As stand-alone application servers that support specific business logic

and related applications in single-server environments

bull In a network deployment scenario where clusters of application serversdeliver advanced capabilities for high-performance high-availabilityenvironments (See Resources for more information)

As your business requirements and information technology (IT) infrastructure growa stand-alone WebSphere Application Server installation can be integrated into theclusters created in a network deployment scenario

This tutorial focuses on installing a stand-alone application server because of thesite-specific nature of network deployments

Section 3 Installing WebSphere Application Server





Thanks to its graphical installer installing WebSphere Application Server is quitesimple

Getting the installation files

If you want to evaluate WebSphere Application Server on a specific UNIX systemyou can request a copy for evaluation purposes from IBM Contact your IBM salesrepresentative for more information

A trial version of WebSphere Application Server for Linux systems is available as adownload or on the Linux Software Evaluation Kit (SEK) a set of four DVDscontaining evaluation products from IBM WebSphere IBM InformationManagementreg Lotusreg Rationalreg and Tivolireg that enable you to install andconfigure IBM middleware and start building and deploying applications Thesoftware on these DVDs is fully functional and can be used for 60 days for

evaluation purposes Product support for this trial period is available

This tutorial focuses on installing WebSphere Application Server from a downloadedfile If you are installing WebSphere Application Server from the Linux SEK DVDsthe archive file containing the installable files for WebSphere Application Server arelocated on DVD 3 of the set The instructions for extracting the contents of thearchive file on your DVD are the same as those for extracting installable files from adownloaded file

Setting up unsupported Linux distributions

The Supported platforms section of this tutorial includes a list of the UNIX and Linuxplatforms on which WebSphere Application Server is officially supported Ascommercial products UNIX systems provide standard capabilities that can beguaranteed to be present for use by commercial products such as WebSphereApplication Server Unfortunately Linux distributions can be very different from eachother so WebSphere Application Server is only officially supported on certaindistributions However you can also run WebSphere Application Server on otherLinux distributions by making some minor modifications to those systems

Note If you are installing WebSphere Application Server on a UNIX or supported

Linux platform you can skip this section and proceed directly to the Extracting filesand beginning the installation section of this tutorial

For example not all Linux distributions include a version of the JRE that is suitablefor use by the WebSphere Application Server installer and certain WebSphereApplication Server functions On unsupported Linux distributions such as Ubuntuyou should download and install the IBM Java SDK for use during the installation





process See Resources for a link from which you can download the appropriateversion of the IBM Java SDK for your system After downloading this file you canextract its contents and install them using the following steps

1 Extract the contents of the archive file using a command like the following

tar zxvf filenametargz

Replace filename with the name of the IBM Java SDK archive file that youdownloaded which will be something likeibm-java-sdk-60-20-linux-x86_64targz The directory that is created bythe tar command will be something like ibm-java-x86_64-60

2 Use the sudo command to move the directory that was extracted from the

archive file to a system directory such as opt by using a command likethe following

mv DIRECTORY opt

Replace DIRECTORY with the name of the directory that was createdwhen you extracted the contents of the IBM Java SDK archive file thatyou downloaded

3 Modify the series of directories that your system searches for binaries byexecuting a command like the following

export PATH DIRECTORY$PATH

You should add this command to your shell startup file (~bashrc) toensure that you use this version of the JRE in the future

On Ubuntu systems you must also modify the default shell that is mapped to thegeneric UNIXLinux shell binsh Ubuntu systems use a lightweight shell named

bindash as binsh but this shell does not provide all the capabilities required bythe WebSphere Application Server installation and startup scripts To use thestandard Bash shell as binsh execute the following commands on your Ubuntusystem before beginning the WebSphere Application Server installation process

sudo mv binsh binshORIGsudo ln -s binbash binsh





These steps are sufficient to enable you to begin the WebSphere Application Serverinstallation process on an Ubuntu system Other Linux distributions may requiresimilar changes

Extracting files and beginning the installation

After downloading or otherwise obtaining the archive file containing WebSphereApplication Server or mounting the Linux SEK DVD 3 when using a Linux systemcreate a directory in which to extract the files from which you can actually installWebSphere Application Server See Basic tasks for Linux Developers if you areunsure about how to mount your DVD or determine where it is mounted

The optWASTrial directory is the suggested location for extracting the files fromwhich you will install WebSphere Application Server To create this directory do the

following

1 Depending on the UNIX operating system or Linux distribution that isinstalled on the system where you are installing WebSphere ApplicationServer use the su or sudo -s commands to become a privileged useron your system Enter the root password or your password (respectively)when prompted to do so

2 Create the optWASTrial directory using the mkdir optWASTrial

command

3 Change directory to the optWASTrial directory

4 Use the tar command to extract the contents of the file that youdownloaded or the WebSphere Application Server archive file from themounted DVDIf you downloaded the file use a command like the following

tar zxvf pathtofilewascd7000trialbaselinuxia32targz

Replace pathtofile with the full directory path of the location to which

you downloaded the file

If you are installing WebSphere Application Server from a DVD use acommand like the following

tar zxvf mountpointwas7uxtfilenametargz

Replace mountpoint with the name of the directory on which SEK DVD





3 is mounted and replace filename with the name of the WebSphereApplication Server archive file in that directory You may also have toreplace was7uxt with the name of the directory containing the Linuxarchive file if a different directory name was used in the latest SEK DVDreleases

5 Use the launchpadsh command to start the Firefox Web browserwhich displays the page shown in Figure 1Figure 1 Firefox Welcome page

Note If you are using Linux for your evaluation no 64-bit Linux version seems to beavailable for download See Supported platforms for information about how to usethe 32-bit Linux build on a 64-bit Linux system

Starting the installer

Click Launch the installation wizard for WebSphere Application Server Trial tobegin the actual installation process The graphical installer for WebSphereApplication Server begins and displays its welcome screen as shown in Figure 2

Figure 2 WebSphere Application Server installers welcome screen





The welcome screen shows that the graphical installer is working correctly andprovides links to online sites that provide information and support for WebSphereand related products

Click Next to proceed with the installation process

Accepting the license terms and checking your system

The next page of the graphical installer displays the license under which WebSphereApplication Server is released as shown in Figure 3

Figure 3 Accepting the IBM software license agreement





This license contains IBM licensing information for the evaluation version ofWebSphere Application Server and language that excludes open source softwarethat is distributed with IBM WebSphere Application Server from those terms andidentifies separately licensed software components

Select I accept the terms in the licensing agreement to accept the licensingterms Click Next to proceed with the installation process If you dont accept thelicense terms a window displays asking you to confirm that fact If you confirm thatyou do not accept the license terms the installer exits

The next page of the installer indicates whether your system satisfies theprerequisites for installation If your system does not satisfy requirements theinstaller may display information about any missing patches that you should installIn this case you can either click Cancel to exit the installer and install the missingprerequisites or simply proceed with the installation


Selecting optional features for installation

Figure 4 shows the installer screen that enables you to install optional software whileyou install WebSphere Application Server





Figure 4 Selecting optional software for installation

Optional software that you can install consists of the following

bull Sample applications Source code and integrated applications for initial

experimentation The sample applications also serve as an excellentmechanism for verifying that WebSphere Application Server is installedcorrectly and is working properly on your system

bull Non-English language support for the administrative consoleLanguage catalogs that provide national language support for WebSphereApplication Servers administrative console These language catalogs donot provide national language support for WebSphere Application Serveritself which is available in a separate item on this screen

bull Non-English language support for WebSphere Application ServerLanguage catalogs that provide national language support for WebSphereApplication Server itself These language catalogs do not provide nationallanguage support for WebSphere Application Servers administrativeconsole which is available in a separate item on this screen

Unless you already have substantial experience with WebSphere Application Serveryou should install the sample applications to provide a way for you to learn moreabout application integration and deployment in the WebSphere Application Server





environment

The default language package installed with WebSphere is English as spoken in theUnited States Whether or not you install the optional language packages dependson your geographic location and language support requirements The additional

languages that are supported by the administrative console and WebSphereApplication Server language support packs are Chinese Czech French GermanHungarian Italian Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian and Spanish

After selecting any additional features that you want to install click Next to proceedwith the installation process

Identifying the target installation directory

Next the graphical installer displays the default location in which WebSphereApplication Server will be installed which is optIBMWebSphereAppServer onUNIX and Linux systems Figure 5 shows this screen

Figure 5 Specifying the installation location

Note I recommend that you do not change this location because installingWebSphere Application Server in non-standard locations can make local systemadministration more complex Non-standard installation locations may also cause





problems with WebSphere applications that may expect the standard installationlocation


Specifying the WebSphere Application Server environment

The screen shown in Figure 6 enables you to identify the type of WebSphereApplication Server environment you want to create during the installation process

Figure 6 Specifying the target server environment

The environment refers to the administrative and network environment in which youare installing and integrating WebSphere Application Server The environment thatyou select determines the type of execution profile that will be created automatically

during the installation process (or whether one will be created at all) Your choicesare the following

bull Management Select this option if you are installing this copy ofWebSphere Application Server to manage other application serverenvironments on the local machine or on other systems on your networkSelecting this option creates an appropriate profile and will install and





configure an administrative agent server services for managing multipleapplication server environments and an administrative agent to manageother application servers that are on the same machine

bull Application server The default selection this option creates anappropriate profile for installing a stand-alone application server that will

run your enterprise applications and which can only be managed from itsown administrative console

bull None Select this option if you do not want to create an execution profileduring installation Only select this option if you will explicitly create one ormore profiles after WebSphere Application Server is successfully installedon your system


Note If you select None as your server execution environment a warning dialogdisplays to inform you that at least one functional profile must be available to runWebSphere Application Server Click Yes to proceed with the installation processwithout creating a profile during the installation process and proceed to Summarypage and actual installation If you want to create a profile during the installationprocess click No to return to the dialog shown in Figure 6 to modify your serverexecution environment setting

Creating an administrative user

The next screen of the installer shown in Figure 7 enables you to create a secureaccount on your system for system administration through the WebSphereApplication Server administrative console

Figure 7 Defining an administrative user





Create an administrative user if you are installing a stand-alone or managedWebSphere Application Servermdashin other words when you are installing WebSphereApplication Server in an environment that creates a profile for you during theinstallation process as described earlier in Specifying the WebSphere Application

Server environment

Enter a username and password for use in administering your WebSphereApplication Server and enter the password again to confirm that you typed itcorrectly the first time

If you selected the sample applications for installation in the Selecting optionalfeatures for installation section you will also be prompted to set a password for theuser associated with those sample applications Enter the password twice to ensurethat you have typed it correctly or have at least made the same typo twice

After supplying information about the administrative user (and optionally apassword for the sample applications if you selected them for installation) click Nextto proceed with the installation process

Summary page and actual installation

As shown in Figure 8 a summary screen displays the configuration options that you





have accepted or specified and provides a check box that enables you to verify thatyou have the necessary privileges to perform the installation

Figure 8 Information about the proposed installation

In most cases given that you are doing this installation as the root user theresreally no need to verify that you have the required privileges Clear this check boxand click Next to begin the installation process A window displays showing thestatus of the installation process The installation process first creates an uninstallerfor WebSphere Application Server to simplify removing the software if necessary Itthen installs WebSphere Application Server displaying status information as theinstallation proceeds

Installation status and next steps

When the installation finishes the window shown in Figure 9 displays the success orfailure of installation If any errors occur this window shows the location of a log filethat you can examine to identify the problems and determine whether they weremeaningful

Figure 9 Summary information about your installation





This screen provides a check box that because it is selected by default starts theWebSphere Application Server First steps console when you exit the installer TheFirst steps console enables you to do some initial configuration of WebSphereApplication Server

At this point you have two options

bull Leave the Launch the First steps console check box selected and clickFinish to exit the installer and start the First steps console

bull Clear the Launch the First steps console check box and click Finish toexit the installer without starting the First steps console or WebSphereApplication Server

Congratulations Youve installed WebSphere Application Server If you started theFirst steps console proceed to the next section for information about using thatconsole Otherwise you may want to do one of the following

bull Start the WebSphere Application Server manually

bull Integrate WebSphere Application Server with your systems Web server

bull Integrate WebSphere Application Server into your systems startup and





shutdown processes

bull Access the WebSphere administrative console to begin configuring yourWebSphere Application Server

Section 4 Using the First steps console

The WebSphere Application Server installation process can automatically start aFirst steps console to help you familiarize yourself with WebSphere ApplicationServer and perform some initial configuration tasks Figure 10 shows the initialscreen of the First steps console

Figure 10 First steps console





As shown in Figure 10 the First steps console provides links to a number ofconvenient tasks that you may want to perform immediately after installationincluding

bull Installation verification Checks your WebSphere Application Server

installation to verify that it is installed correctly and starts the applicationserver as part of this check

bull Start the Server Starts the WebSphere Application Server displayingthe output of the startup process in a separate window for convenienceand diagnostic purposes When the application server is running this linkchanges to a Stop the server link which provides a convenient way tostop the server and displays the output of the server shutdown process ina separate window Stopping the server requires the administrativepassword that you set during the installation process and provides aconvenient check that the application servers internal authentication

mechanism is working correctlybull Administrative console Starts the WebSphere Administrative console

in a browser window enabling you to perform configuration tasks that areoutside the scope of the installation process Starting the administrativeconsole also requires the administrative password that you set during theinstallation process

bull Profile management tool Enables you to create additional executionprofiles each of which can be for use with specific enterprise Webapplications port configurations and so on If you did not specify a targetserver environment during the installation process and are not migrating

server configuration information from an existing WebSphere ApplicationServer installation use this option to create at least one WebSphereApplication Server profile You cannot start WebSphere ApplicationServer without at least one profilemdasheach profile provides the configurationinformation required to start the application server in a specific context

bull Samples gallery Provides access to the sample applications youinstalled during the installation process

bull Information center for WebSphere Application Server Opens theWebSphere Application Server Library Web site in a browser to providedetailed information about WebSphere Application Server in a variety of

enterprise application scenarios

bull Migration wizard Starts a wizard that simplifies migrating configurationinformation and applications from earlier versions of WebSphereApplication Server

The next few sections provide highlights of using selected options from the Firststeps console





Installation verification

Though error messages would have displayed had any problems occurred duringthe WebSphere Application Server installation process its always comforting to be

able to double-check that your application server installation is complete and that allthe necessary configuration files were created correctly during that process

To verify that WebSphere Application Server was installed correctly on your systemand start it as part of the testing process click the Installation verification link inthe First steps console A window like the one shown in Figure 11 displays

Figure 11 Output of the verification process

As you can see from this figure the verification process first starts the applicationserver with your default profile and then connects to the application server to verifythe Servlet engine JavaServer pages and enterprise bean configuration It thenexamines the authentication of the key stores that are used to provide secureconnections between WebSphere components

When the verification process completes you can click the close button in the upperright-hand corner of the output window to close that window and return to the Firststeps console Note that the Start the server link has been replaced by a Stop the

server link because the WebSphere Application Server was started as part of theverification process

Starting the server

If you choose not to verify your WebSphere Application Server installation as





described in the previous section you can start the WebSphere Application Servermanually by clicking the Start the server link in the First steps console Clicking thislink displays an output window much like the one shown in Figure 11 except that itonly shows the initial text about starting the server and does not probe theconfiguration of your server

Note If the First steps console does not show a Start the server link but insteaddisplays only a Stop the server link your WebSphere Application Server is alreadyrunning

After a line like ADMU3000I Server NAME open for e-business

displays in the output window you can click the close box in the upper right-handcorner of the output window to close that window and return to the First stepsconsole

Administrative consoleThe WebSphere Application Server Administrative console is the primarymechanism for configuring the application server integrating the application serverwith external applications such as database systems and installing WebSphereapplications If you are new to WebSphere Application Server and want to explorethe administrative console or want to install new WebSphere applicationsimmediately after installing WebSphere you may want to start the Administrativeconsole from the First steps console

Click Administrative console to start the WebSphere Administrative console fromthe First steps console The login screen for the Administrative console opens in abrowser window as shown in Figure 12

Figure 12 Administrative console login screen





The Administrative console requires a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) HTTPconnection generally referred to as a Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SecureSockets Layer (HTTPS) connection The page shown in Figure 12 only displays if avalid third-party SSL certificate is installed on your system If the system on whichyou installed WebSphere Application Server does not have a valid certificate issuedby a third party you will see a warning dialog like that shown in Figure 13 instead

Figure 13 Certificate not trusted alert

If you see this message see the next section of this tutorial for information about





configuring a security exception for your systems existing certificate

If you see the Administrative console login screen as shown in Figure 12 enter theadministrative username and password that you defined during the installationprocess and click Login or press Return The WebSphere Application Server

Administrative console displays as shown in Figure 14 You can explore or use theAdministrative console clicking the Logout link in the header when you are done

Figure 14 Administrative console

Configuring a certificate security exception

As discussed in the previous section the WebSphere Application ServerAdministrative console requires an SSL HTTP connection generally referred to asan HTTPS connection According to the default security policies used by mostsystems this means that the public key security certificate presented by your systemmust be a valid certificate issued by a trusted third-party certificate authority such asthawte VeriSign GeoTrust and many others See Resources for more informationabout these third-party certificate authorities

In a production environment you will certainly only want to use WebSphere





Application Server on a system with a valid enterprise or third-party securitycertificate so that users of your Web applications can verify the identity of the systemthat they are connecting to However you may be installing and configuringWebSphere Application Server on a new system for which you have not yet obtaineda certificate In this case you can temporarily or permanently define your existing

certificate as a trusted one that is an exception to the standard WebSphere securitypolicy

To define a policy exception click OK in the dialog shown in Figure 13 to display thescreen shown in Figure 15

Figure 15 A secure connection failure in Firefox

Click the Or you can define an exception link to begin the process of identifyingyour systems certificate as a valid digital public key certificate A screen identical to

the current screen displays with the exception of two additional buttons that displayat the bottom of the screen Click Add exception to continue the process of definingthe current certificate as an exception to the default certificate policy The dialogshown in Figure 16 displays

Note Clicking the Get me out of here button exits the exception definition processand returns you to your browser without establishing a connection to the WebSphere





Administrative console which isnt all that useful for the purposes of this tutorial

Figure 16 Initial dialog for defining a security exception

Click Get Certificate to retrieve your systems current certificate which displaysinformation about the current certificate and enables the Confirm Security

Exception button at the bottom left of the dialog shown in Figure 16 as shown inFigure 17

Figure 17 Updated dialog for defining a security exception





The Permanently store this exception check box above the Confirm SecurityException button enables you to specify whether your system permanently storesthe current certificate as an exception to the security policy or whether it will only beaccepted for the current session When configuring systems for production useclear this check box so that you must always go through the security exception

process to prevent you from forgetting to install a valid certificate on the system thatis running WebSphere Application Server If you are working on a test system thatwill never be used in production you can leave the Permanently store thisexception check box selected

Click the Confirm Security Exception button to define the current certificate as anexception to the security policy The WebSphere Application Server Administrative





console login screen displays as shown in Figure 12 You can then enter theadministrative username and password that you defined during the installationprocess and click Login or press Return to access the WebSphere ApplicationServer Administrative console as shown in Figure 14 You can explore or use theAdministrative console clicking the Logout link in the header when you are done

Samples gallery

Clicking the Samples gallery link in the First steps console displays the page shownin Figure 18 which enables you to experiment with the sample applications that youoptionally installed during the WebSphere Application Server installation process

Figure 18 Sample applications gallery

You can execute or modify these examples to get a feel for how to write WebSphereapplications and how they will be displayed and perform in a WebSphere-basedenvironment The most interesting of the sample applications is an online Java PetStore that enables you to walk through an example of browsing and purchasingproducts online

When youre finished experimenting with the sample applications you can simplyclose the browser window to return to the First steps console





Shutting down WebSphere Application Server

After experimenting with the various options provided on the First steps console youmay want to terminate the application server so that you can experiment with

manually starting the application server or integrating starting and stopping theWebSphere Application Server into your systems startup and shutdown processesas explained in the next section of this tutorial To stop the WebSphere ApplicationServer from the First steps console click the Stop the server link in the First stepsconsole Clicking this link displays an authentication dialog like the one shown inFigure 19

Figure 19 Authenticating to stop the application server

Enter the administrative username and password that you set during the installationprocess and click OK to begin the application server shutdown process A dialog

like the one shown in Figure 20 displays showing the output of the shutdownprocess

Figure 20 Output from stopping the application server





After a line like ADMU4000I Server NAME stop completed displays in theoutput window you can click the close box in the upper right-hand corner of theoutput window to close that window and return to the First steps console

Section 5 Starting and stopping WebSphere ApplicationServer

Installing WebSphere Application Server doesnt start the WebSphere ApplicationServer process on your system As discussed in the previous section the First stepsconsole that displays by default at the end of the installation process provides aconvenient mechanism for starting WebSphere Application Server for the first timeHowever that is of limited value after you complete the installation process and exitthis console

This section explains how to start and stop WebSphere Application Server manuallyand how to integrate starting and stopping the application server into the startup andshutdown processes for your system If you are using WebSphere ApplicationServer for real work or long-term experimentation youll want it to start automaticallywhen you start your system and to shut down cleanly when you shut down yoursystem

As explained in the following sections WebSphere Application Server providesconvenient UNIXLinux shell scripts that simplify the process of starting and stopping

the application server from the command line or from within other scripts such asthe ones that are run during your systems startup and shutdown processes

Start WebSphere Application Server

WebSphere Application Server provides the startServersh shell script tosimplify the application server startup process This script takes one argumentwhich is the name of the application server that you want to start On systems whereyou have newly installed the WebSphere Application Server the name of the defaultserver is server1

To start the application server use the su or sudo -s commands (depending onthe UNIX system or Linux distribution you are using) to become a privileged user onthe system where you installed the application server Enter the root password oryour password (respectively) when prompted to do so

Next enter the following command to start WebSphere Application Server





optIBMWebSphereAppServerbinstartServersh server1

As the application server starts you will see output similar to that displayed in theoutput window shown in Figure 11 The command prompt redisplays when the

server startup process completes and the application server is ready for use

System startup and shutdown integration

After installing a Web server on your system you typically want it to startautomatically any time you restart your system When installing WebSphereApplication Server on platforms such as Microsoft Windows the installation processenables you to define the server and administration server as Windows services thatstart automatically when your system starts Unfortunately the UNIX and Linuxinstallers dont provide any equivalent integration into the startup processes for those

systems Therefore you must manually integrate WebSphere Application Server intothe startup process on UNIX and Linux systems

All UNIX and Linux systems define the tasks that should be performed during thestartup and shutdown processes via a series of shell scripts (commonly referred toas init scripts ) that are executed as the system starts On most UNIX and Linuxsystems these scripts are organized in the way specified by the SysVInit (that isSystem V Init which refers to an old version of UNIX) system startup mechanism(see Resources for more information) In this mechanism the primary startup scriptsfor the system all reside in etcinitd (which may be a symbolic link to the

etcrcdinitd directory on some systems) The specific scripts that are executed as

the system boots into a specific numeric level of operation (known as a runlevel ) aresymbolic links from directories with names of the form etcrcrunlevel d to the scriptsin the etcinitd directory Ubuntu Linux systems use a different startup mechanismthat is configured to be compatible with the SysVInit process and is explained in asubsequent section

Create a SysVInit script

To create a SysVInit script for WebSphere Application Server you can do one of thefollowing

bull Download the sample SysVInit script that is provided with this tutorialbull Copy an existing init script and modify it to execute the processes

associated with your WebSphere Application Server installation

The remainder of this section explains how to download and use the sampleSysVInit script provided with this tutorial which looks like Listing 1





Listing 1 Sample SysVInit script

binbash Simple startup script for IBM WebSphere Application Server chkconfig - 85 15

description IBM WebSphere Application Server is a powerful middleware platform for connecting Web-based applications and servers

Path to the WebSphere startup and shutdown scriptsstartscript=optIBMWebSphereAppServerbinstartServershshutscript=optIBMWebSphereAppServerbinstopServershprog=the WebSphere Application ServerRETVAL=0

modify the following line as needed to reflect any custom Java installation directoryPATH=optIBMibm-java-x86_64_60bin$PATH

Function to start the serverstart()

echo -n $Starting $prog

$startscript server1RETVAL=$echoreturn $RETVAL

Function to stop the serverstop()

echo -n $Stopping $prog $shutscript server1 -username ADMINUSER -password PASSWORDRETVAL=$echoreturn $RETVAL

See how we were calledcase $1 in

start)start

stop)stop

restart)stopstart

)echo $Usage $0 start|stop|restartexit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

To download and install the sample SysVInit script perform the following steps

1 Download the sample script

2 Save this file to your system and copy it to etcinitd as the root user (or





by using the sudo command) giving it a name such aswebsphere_sysvinitsh

3 Edit this file using your favorite text editor changing ADMINUSER andPASSWORD to the administrative username and password that you

defined during the installation process and save those changes

4 As the root user or by using sudo make the file executable using thiscommand

chmod 755 etcinitdwebsphere_sysvinitsh

5 Create symbolic links to this file from the directory associated with yoursystems default runlevel (usually the etcrc5d directory for a graphicalsystem or the etcrc3d directory for a system that uses a text console) byusing commands like the following

ln -s etcinitdwebsphere_sysvinitsh etcrc5dS85ibm-wasln -s etcinitdwebsphere_sysvinitsh etcrc5dK15ibm-was

The next time you shut down your system the K15ibm-was symbolic link that youcreated automatically stops WebSphere Application Server as part of the shutdownprocess The next time you start your system the S85ibm-was symbolic linkautomatically starts WebSphere Application Server as part of the startup process

Create an Ubuntu Upstart script

The Ubuntu Linux distribution uses an alternate startup mechanism to the SysVInitmechanism The Ubuntu startup mechanism is known as Upstart (see Resources)and is a relatively new event-driven startup mechanism that was created for Ubuntubut is being adopted by other distributions such as Fedora and therefore eventuallyRed Hat and Centos Upstart is becoming popular largely because of its support forconcurrency and responsiveness to system events

At the moment Upstart is implemented to be compatible with the traditional SysVInitmodel See Downloads for a simple Upstart script that you can put in the etcinitddirectory on your system and use for WebSphere Application Server This scriptlooks like Listing 2

Listing 2 Sample Upstart script

binbash -e BEGIN INIT INFO Provides ibm-websphere Required-Start $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog Required-Stop $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog Default-Start 2 3 4 5





Default-Stop 0 1 6 Short-Description Startstop IBM WebSphere Application Server END INIT INFO IBM WAS This initd script starts the IBM WebSphere Application Server

modify the following line as needed to reflect any custom Java installation directoryENV=env -i LANG=C PATH=optIBMibm-java-x86_64_60binusrbinbin

set -eif [ -d optIBMWebSphereAppServerbin ] then

echo No IBM WebSphere Application Server installedexit 0

fi

liblsbinit-functions

test -f etcdefaultrcS ampamp etcdefaultrcS

startscript=optIBMWebSphereAppServerbinstartServershshutscript=optIBMWebSphereAppServerbinstopServersh

case $1 instart)log_daemon_msg Starting application server IBM WASif $startscript then

log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)

log_daemon_msg Stopping application server IBM WASif $stopscript -user was-admin -password PASSWORD then

log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)

log_daemon_msg Restarting Web server IBM HTTPif ($stopscript -user was-admin -password PASSWORD ampamp $startscript)

thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)

log_success_msg Usage etcinitdwebsphere start|stop|restartexit 1

esac

After downloading this file perform the following steps

1 Save this file to your system and copy it to etcinitd as the root user (orby using the sudo command) giving it a name such aswebsphere_upstartsh

2 As the root user or by using the sudo command make the file executableby using this command





chmod 755 etcinitdwebsphere_upstartsh

3 Create symbolic links to this file from the directory associated with your

systems default runlevel (usually the etcrc2d directory) by using thecommands like the following

ln -s etcinitdwebsphere_upstartsh etcrc2dS91ibm-wasln -s etcinitdwebsphere_upstartsh etcrc2dK15ibm-was


Section 6 Next steps

Congratulations on installing WebSphere Application Server and integrating it intoyour system startup and shutdown processes Youre now ready to add your ownapplications customize the servers configuration and so on Writing and integratingWebSphere applications is outside the scope of this tutorial However heres somegeneral information that you will find useful when working with WebSphere

Application Server

bull To open the WebSphere Application Server Administrative console in abrowser from the system on which it is installed visit the following URL

httpslocalhost9043ibmconsole

The screen shown in Figure 12 displays Enter the administrativeusername and password that you defined during the installation process

and click Login or press Return to display the WebSphere ApplicationServer Administrative console as shown in Figure 14

bull To re-execute the First steps console use the following command

cdoptIBMWebSphereAppServerprofilesAppSrv01firststeps





firststepssh

Section 7 Summary

An application server is the core of most three-tier enterprise Web installations IBMWebSphere Application Server is one of the most popular application servers in usetoday supported by IBM and a huge ecosystem of third-party applications andvendors The ability to download and experiment with a trial version of WebSphereApplication Server makes it easy for you to install test and familiarize yourself withWebSphere Application Server in your environment WebSphere Application Serverprovides a robust powerful well-tested and well-supported foundation for your

enterprise Web applications and services





Downloads

Description Name Size Download method

Sample SysVInit WebSphere startup file websphere_sysvinitsh2KB HTTP

Sample Upstart WebSphere startup file websphere_upstartsh2KB HTTP

Information about download methods





Resources

Learn

bull See the WebSphere Application Server 7 software and hardware requirements

documentation for specific operating system patch requirements and supporteddatabase information

bull Get product documentation for IBM WebSphere Application Server and relatedproducts from the WebSphere library

bull See the WebSphere Application and transaction infrastructure page forinformation about many of the WebSphere add-on products that are currentlyavailable

bull See the IBM Redbooks Domain on the WebSphere software platform fortechnical and procedural information on the WebSphere software platform andWebSphere applications

bull See the WebSphere zone on developerWorks for additional information aboutplanning developing and deploying enterprise Web environments andapplications

bull See the IBM HTTP Server Information Center for detailed information aboutusing the IBM HTTP Server with WebSphere Application Server

bull Learn more about WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment whereclusters of application servers deliver advanced capabilities forhigh-performance high-availability environments

bull In the AIX and UNIX area on developerWorks get the resources you need toadvance your skills in UNIX administration

bull Check out additional WebSphere tips and tricks from the developerWorks site

bull Learn more about SysVInit the traditional UNIX and Linux system startup andshutdown mechanism

bull Learn more about Upstart a relatively new event-driven startup mechanismcreated for Ubuntu and popular largely because of its support for concurrencyand responsiveness to system events

bull Check out additional UNIX tips and tricks from the developerWorks site

bull Browse the technology bookstore for books on WebSphere Application Serverand other technical topics

Get products and technologies

bull Download a free trial version of WebSphere Application Server version 7 foryour platform





bull Download the IBM Java SDK for your platform You may need to download andinstall the IBM Java SDK to install and use IBM WebSphere Application Serveron certain Linux distributions

bull Download full and trial versions of other WebSphere products

bull Download IBM HTTP Server version 61 for your platform

bull Popular 3-tier application servers include WebSphere products Adobereg JRuntrade Oracles BEA WebLogic Red Hats JBoss and Sun MicrosystemsEnterprise JavaBeans technology

bull Some examples of trusted third-party certificate authorities are thawte VeriSignand GeoTrust

Discuss

bull Check out developerWorks blogs and get involved in the developerWorkscommunity

bull Participate in the WebSphere Application Server forum

About the author

William von HagenWilliam von Hagen has been a UNIX systems administrator for more than 20 yearsand a Linux advocate since 1993 Bill is the author or co-author of books on subjectssuch as Ubuntu Linux Xen Virtualization the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) SuSE

Linux Mac OS X Linux file systems and SGML He has also written numerousarticles for Linux and Mac OS X publications and Web sites You can reach Bill atwvhvonhagenorg

Trademarks

Java and JavaServer Pages are trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the UnitedStates other countries or both

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States othercountries or both

Microsoft Windows and Windows Server are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation inthe United States other countries or both

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and othercountries

Other company product or service names may be trademarks or service marks of





others




startup process and integrate it into your enterprise computing infrastructure Aftercompleting this tutorial you will understand how to install configure and deployWebSphere Application Server and its relationship with other applications andservers in a Web-based computing environment

Objectives

This tutorial provides

bull A review of common Web architectures and the role of application serversand middleware in todays enterprise Web architectures

bull A basic understanding of WebSphere Application Server

bull An overview and comparison of common WebSphere installation anddeployment mechanisms

bull Instructions for installing WebSphere Application Server on UNIX andLinux distributions

bull A basic overview of the initial configuration of the WebSphere ApplicationServer

bull Details on how to integrate WebSphere Application Server into thesystem startup and shutdown processes and how to start and stop theserver manually

PrerequisitesThis tutorial is written for beginning to intermediate-level systems administrators whomay never have installed or configured a Web application server and who may beunfamiliar with modern Web server architectures To complete the examples in thistutorial you should have a general familiarity with UNIX command-line shells andtext editors

System requirements

To run the examples in this tutorial you need administrative (root) privileges on aUNIX or Linux system on which no application server is currently installed Thesystem should have a minimum of 1GB of RAM

When installing WebSphere Application Server at least 31GB of disk space mustbe available on the system A minimum of 13GB must be permanently available inthe file system that contains the opt directory and 175GB more must be



















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restart)stopstart


esac

exit $RETVAL





























fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







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start)start

stop)stop

restart)stopstart


esac

exit $RETVAL





























fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others















































start)start

stop)stop

restart)stopstart


esac

exit $RETVAL





























fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others

































start)start

stop)stop

restart)stopstart


esac

exit $RETVAL





























fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others















start)start

stop)stop

restart)stopstart


esac

exit $RETVAL





























fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others

























fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others








fi





log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

stop)


log_end_msg 0else

log_end_msg 1fi

restart)


thenlog_end_msg 0

elselog_end_msg 1

fi)


esac















Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others











Application Server











firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others




firststepssh

Section 7 Summary







Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others




Downloads









Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others




Resources

Learn


























Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others









Discuss



About the author



Trademarks










others




others


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