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ATTITUDES AND
VALUES
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ATTITUDES
Attitudes are the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and
behavioral intentions toward an object.
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES
AFFECTIVE COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL
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TYPES OF WORK ATTITUDES
JOB INVOLVEMENT:
The degree to which a person identifies with his job,
actively
participates in it and considers his/her performance important
to
self-worth.
JI
Job Performance, less absenteeism
JI Job Satisfaction
ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT:
The employees emotional attachment to, identification with,
and
involvement in a particular organisation.
(+ve)
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TYPES OF WORK ATTITUDES (contd)
JOB SATISFACTION
A persons evaluation of his/her job and work context.
What are the sources of job satisfaction/ dissatisfaction?
Challenging Work Physical Demands
Working Conditions Goal Attainment
Remand Structure Self Esteem
Organization & Management Others in the Organizations
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IMPORTANCE OF JOB SATISFCATION
High levels of dissatisfaction identifies organizational
problems thatneed attention
Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and
loyalty.
Absenteeism is positively correlated to job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction is directly related to job performance and
jobmotivation.
Job satisfaction and turnover negatively related. Job
satisfaction isimportant in influencing poor performers to
stay.
Modest relationship between job satisfaction and an
employeesorganisational citizenship behavior (OCB)
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COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
A psychological tension that occurs when people perceivean
inconsistency between their beliefs, feelings and
behavior.
Importance of elements creating the dissonance
Degree of influence individual has over the elements
Rewards involved in dissonance
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EMPLOYEE DISSATISFACTION
Ways in which employees express dissatisfaction
ACTIVE
EXIT VOICE
NEGLECT LOYALTY
PASSIVE
DESTRUCTIVE CONSTRUCTIVE
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VALUES
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VALUESValues are stable long-lasting beliefs about what is
important in a variety of situations, that our guide
decisionsand actions.
Values have content attributes
Values have intensity attributes Values are stable and
enduring
Value System:
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms
oftheir intensity.
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VALUES ACROSS CULTURES
GEERT HOFSTEDE:
Power Distance Index Individualism v/s Collectivism
Achievement v/s Nurturing
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long term v/s Short term orientation
FINDINGS
Asian Countries more collectivist
China &
W
.Africa scored high on power distance U.S ranked highest on
individualism
Germany and Hong Kong high on achievement.
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ETHICS
The study of moral principles or values that determine
whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good
or bad.
ETHICAL SENSITIVITY: A personal characteristic that
enables people to recognize the presence and determine
the relative importance of an ethical issue.
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TYPES OF MANAGEMENT ETHICS
Immoral Management:Managerial behaviors devoid of any ethical
principles represent
immoral management.
Moral Management:
Managerial and employee behaviors that focus on and follow
ethicalbehaviors
Amoral Management:
Managerial behavior that are indifferent to ethical
considerations.
Eg: Nestle Marketing infant formula in Third World
Countries
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