Attic Orators, Selections

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SELECTIONS

FROM

THE ATTIC ORATORS.





•SELECTIONS

FROM

THE ATTIC ORATORS

ANTIPHON ANDOKIDES LYSTAS

ISOKRATES ISAEOS

BEING A COMPANION VOLUME TO

THE ATTIC ORATORS FROAT ANTIPHON TO ISAEOS

EDITEIT' WliJTr NOTES

BY

R. C. JEBB, M.A., LL.D. Edin.,

PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.

MAC M ILEA N AND CO.

1880



PRINTED BY C. J.CLAY, M.A.

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

i



irro

TO THE

MEMBERS PAST AND PRESENT

OF

THE GREEK CLASS

IN

THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.





PREFACE. ((^f^"^5''^ry

In the/i//zV Oratorsfrom Antiphoii to Isaeos I endeavoured

to trace historically the development of Attic prose, and

also to assist a special study of the orators before De-

mosthenes \ The favourable reception of that attempt

encouraged the design of a companion volume, which should

give in a compact form a series of the most characteristic and

interesting passages from these orators, with a commentary

adapted to the requirements of students at the Universities

or in the higher forms of Public Schools. It was the opi-

nion of competent judges that such an anthology of Attic

prose from Thucydides to Demosthenes might prove not

unwelcome to readers who desired to enlarge their survey

of the great classical literature, and to teachers who wished

to vary the routine of authors commonly read in the school-

course. Few Greek authors of the best age are more help-

ful than the orators if we desire to see the old Greeks as

^ I desire to offer my thanks to the critics in this and other countries to

whom my book has been indebted for cordial welcome or for candid criticism ;

among others, to my German reviewer in Bursian's yahresberkht, Professor

F. Blass (1877, vol. IX., pp. 249 f. : Calvary, Berlin).



viii PKEFA CE.

they lived and moved, to enter into the spirit of their daily

actions and thoughts: few, again, present more vivid or

instructive pictures of Greek society in its larger political

aspects.

The principles which have guided the selection have

been chiefly two:— i. to choose passages from each author

which, taken together, should interpret as completely as

possible his part in the general evolution of Attic prose

style: 2. to take care that these passages should also pos-

sess intrinsic interest as illustrations of Greek thought,

politics, or manners.

For the first of these two objects It was essential that

each author should be represented by several extracts rather

than by a single whole work, in cases where the latter

must have excluded too much of the former. Thus, if the

speech of Lysias Agavist EraiostJieiics had been given

entire, it would have been necessary to omit many speci-

mens of his work in a different kind, without which his

compass of power and his place in the development would

have been imperfectly understood. For my purpose, the

unity of the piece necessarily yielded to the unity of the

series. At the same time, wherever it was practicable,

I have given a composition as a whole. Thus, amongthe works of L}-sias, the speeches For Mantithcos and

Against Panklcoii stand entire; the Olympiakos and the

Plea for the Constitution appear in such integrity as they

now possess. So, again, does the essay of Isokrates Against

the Sophists. vVith the exception of a few lines,—devoid

of interest save for those who resent expurgation,—the

best oration of Isaeos, the eighth, is given in full. The

present work is iiitended to be strictly what it is called, a

companion xolume to the Attic Orators, in which all the

writings of each orator have been anah'sed and discussed.

Care has been taken to indicate, in an introductory note,



PREFACE. ix

the scope of each speech as a whole, as well as the bearing

of the selected passage: and, on reference to the Attic

Orators, an analysis of the whole will be found. The selec-

tion has cost some time and labour. The volume contains

thirty-seven extracts, representing thirty -three works.

Hardly one of these was admitted until it had been care-

fully compared with other passages of which the claims

seemed nearly equal, or in some particular respect, perhaps,

superior. Only those who have essayed a similar task can

easily understand the number and variety of considerations

which had to be balanced before a final list could be

arranged. It would perhaps be too much to expect that

the choice thus made should in every case obtain approval

I can only plead that, in deciding these often nice points,

I have acted as the Athenian juror's oath bound him

to act,—7i/(Wyti77 ir] dpicnr) : that is, not necessarily with

good judgment, but with the best which I was able to

form.

It must suffice merely to touch here on a subject which

I have elsewhere sought to illustrate more fully ^—the

reason why Attic oratory has a claim on students of Greek

literature different in degree from that which English

oratory (for example) has upon students of English litera-

ture. The distinguishing characteristic of the best Greek

literature is its constant and intimate relation with living

speech. In following the course of Attic oratory we are

at the same time tracing the main current of influence

which moulded Greek literary prose. And Greek prose,

whether spoken or written, has one kind of significance

for the student of all literature which does not belong in

the same measure to Greek poetry. This has been well

expressed by Professor Nettleship. ' The influence of

1 A/tk Orators, Vol. r. p. 79.



X PREFA CE.

Greek poetry is perhaps, in its larger effects, more trace-

able in the spirit than in the form of the most important

modern works of the same order, for the delicate musical

effects of metre pass away with the life of the language

in which they are born. But the broader and simpler

harmonics of prose-rhythm are not so easily lost, and

these, as first appreciated and elaborated by the Greeks,

must live in the ears of men so long as they continue to

speak or write prose with any sense of beauty. There is

a more obvious affinity between Demosthenes and Burke

than between ^schylus and Goethe'.'

Turning from the form of Greek oratory to the subject-

matter, we find Greek politics made more real and Greek

society more animated. Politics become practical and

personal; social life is seen in aspects which are no longer

merely domestic. It would be a pity to regard these

glimpses merely as peeps into a mine of possible exami-

nation-questions. Those who know this province of Greek

literature only through the medium of references in such

valuable works as Becker's Chariclcs might be pardoned

for supposing that the world of the Attic orators was

peopled by beings who existed solely in the interest of

unborn archaeologists. Dinners, kottabos, marriages, fune-

rals, and striking emergencies of the wardrobe succeed

each other with a disregard of the probable as placid and

as complete as if the instructive lives of the personages

had been prearranged by a Board of Studies. But when

we read the orators themselves we see that there is

another and a very different sense in which they illuminate

the life of ancient Greece. In one of the forensic orations

of Isaeos the speaker observes, with much warmth, that

his adversary has never possessed a horse worth more than

^ Macmillaii's Magazine, November, 1876.



PREFACE. xi

twelve pounds. This certainly discloses the fact that a

horse of such price was not in the Athens of that day

considered a valuable horse. But that is scarcely the

point. It leads one to ask how a speaker in a law-court

could have expected this to be a telling reproach. How

must the relation of the private citizen to the city have

been conceived, if abstinence from the private display of

wealth could be regarded as implying a want of public

spirit.'* The facts of ancient life are dead unless the

imagination is exercised in seizing the social tone which

is suggested by their relation to each other.

The credibility of the Attic orators as sources for history

has sometimes been treated as if it were a question con-

cerning the solvency of a corporation. It would else

have been unnecessary to observe that each orator must

be considered separately. The history which Antiphonand Isaeos illustrate is rather social than political. Anti-

phon was chiefly concerned with the court of the Areiopa-

gos, or with courts which reflected something of its spirit

and the Areiopagos, as Aristotle tells us, was exceptional,

among Greek tribunals in prohibiting the introduction of

topics not strictly relevant. Thus historical digressions were

precluded. Isaeos, again, was engrossed in argument on the

details of private relationships. But Andokides, Lysias,

and Isokrates are all, directly or indirectly, political his-

torians. Andokides sheds much vivid light on Athenian

affairs in the panic of 415 B.C.,—in the revolutionary crisis

of 411,—and in that crisis of the Corinthian War which

belongs to 390 B.C. His references to earlier history are

usually inexact; a circumstance which need not surprise

us, when we remember the pains which Thucydides takes

to correct the erroneous beliefs, popularly current at Athens

in his own day, regarding one of the most famous and

most impressive events in Athenian history,—an event



nation oi iiipparcnos. i ysuis s anus uus uc .a-cuu ,

our chief contemporary authority for the period whi

mediately followed the close of the Peloponnesian"

the rcit,ni of the Thirty Tyrants, the restoration

Athenian Democracy, and its life during the earliej

of the Spartan domination. Isokrates gives us s

pictures of Greece at three successive moments;

—in 3

when the Spartan supremacy had now produced it;

effects; in 355, towards the end of the Social War

the Athenian visions of empire had now for the

time been shattered ; and in 346, when Philip of M

had just won his way within the circle of the Greek

and when the cause of Greek independence was e

on the last stage of decline. If Isokrates is not

accurate in reference to events of the preceding c

his illustrations of contemporary history, both p

and social, are of the highest value and the most

interest.

A prefatory note on the style of each orator

found in the commentary. This note aims at n

the place of each in the series of writers by whon

prose was developed. The thread which runs throt

series has been traced elsewhere. A few words r

repeated here:—'Two principal tendencies appear

beginning of Attic oratory. One of them sets out fr

forensic rhetoric of Sicily, in combination with thej

dialectic of the sophists, and is but slightly affec

Gorgias. It is represented by the writers of the 'a

style, of whom Antiphon and Thucydides are the

From Thucydides to Demosthenes this manner is it

ance, partly because it is itself unsuited to forensic pu

partly because its grave emphasis has come to seem i

The second tendency is purely Gorgian, and, after



êral obscure representatives, is taken up by Iso-

vvho gives to it a corrected, a complete, and a per-

form. From a compromise between this second

y and the idiom of daily life arises the 'plain' style

ias. The transition from Lysias to a strenuous

I oratory is marked by Isaeos, Then comes the

1 political oratory, giving new combinations to

ready developed, and, in its greatest representative,

them all."

eading these selections that thread should be firmly

rhe student should remember that he is not merely

samples from a number of writers who were all in

ense ' orators.' He is also following successive

I the process by which a language of most elastic

I was gradually adapted to a certain set of purposes.

L Demosthenes is said to have been a devoted

of Thucydides, everyone can feel that the prose

;ydides is something very unlike the prose of De-

nes. If the intervening representatives of normal

e not read, a gap remains. Xenophon is too little

nscious artist to help us much; the literary genius

D is too individual. The works of the orators from

Dn to Isaeos form the bridge by which the gulf is

i.

h of the five has his distinctive interest. That of

on depends less on the intrinsic quality of his work

1 its character as the monument of an early and

r stage in the prose literature. The able historian

tic who discussed my book in the Edinbiu'gh Rc-

mdto whom my acknowledgments are due for his

ale fairness and courtesy—was disposed to think

e oratorical influence of Antiphon has been over-

^ Attic Orators, Vol. Ii. p. 419.



xiv PREFACE.

rated'. It is possible; \vc can seldom gauge with precision

the effect which a Greek orator produced on his average

Greek hearer; though Thucydidcs, at least, certainly re-

garded Antiphon as a very powerful speaker ; and

modern writers, including Grote and Curtius, have in-

ferred that eloquence was, as Thucydides implies, the

main source of Antiphon's ascendency. We can at anj^

rate see that Antiphon represents a well-marked phase of

language and style. In another place I have endeavour-

ed to show how far Antiphon and Thucydides may

be compared or contrasted as disciples of a common

schooll

Andokides, who may be considered, relatively to the

artists of oratory, as a brilliant amateur, is for that very

reason a valuable element. We, with our prejudice againstthe confession that oratory has a technical side—a prejudice,

which is probably less strong in America and France than

it is in England—arc too apt to think of Greek Rhetoric

as a machine which affected to produce uniform results

independently of natural aptitudes. Now this is just what

the best Greek Rhetoric strenuously repudiated l Again

and again Isokrates repeats that natural faculty is the

first condition of success, and that, without it, training

and practice can do comparatively little. Undoubtedl}- a

Greek audience not only recognized but usuall}' expected

careful premeditation by the speaker on every important

occasion. Several years ago an eminent person, being

President of tlie British Association, was called upon to

deliver the opening address; he rose, and offered a series

of observations on the weather, the crops, the embarrass-

^ Edinburgh Revieiv, No. 298, April, 1877.

" Hdlenica, edited by Evelyn Abbott, M.A., LL.D., pp. 307 f.

'^ This point was well brought out by my reviewer in the New YorkNation.



PREFA CE. XV

ment of public speaking, and the diffusion of knowledge

among the masses. The feelings of the British Association

at that moment probably resembled those with which an

Athenian audience would have received utterances which,

however pleasing in themselves, indicated that art had not

brought the requisite assistance to nature. Andokides is

peculiarly interesting as reminding us, on the other hand,

that, even with an Athenian audience, a natural gift could

succeed, though aided only by slender art.

Lysias, the canon of Attic grace, brings before us,

more clearly, perhaps, than any of the rest,—one essen-

tial difference between ancient and modern oratory in

regard to their available instruments. The Greek orator

produces his effect mainly by the collocation and rhythm

of words used in their proper sense. When, however, he

desires to employ metaphor or other verbal ornament, the

freshness of the language makes it easy to do so. Nothing

is stale as yet. But our language is so full of worn-out

metaphors that it is difficult to find imagery which shall

be neither trite nor extravagant. It is no longer striking

to speak of a 'concourse,' Or to say that a nation 'cries

out'; yet these metaphors, and many others like them, will

be found in Aristotle's Rhetoric among examples of im-

pressive ornament. It is to be regretted, I think, that

Lysias has lost his old place in our schools; and I should

rejoice if the specimens given here should in any degree

contribute to his restoration.

Isokrates may with peculiar advantage be read in

selections. His frequent prolixity arises chiefly from two

causes—much preamble and much repetition. In most of

his longer works—the Panegyrikos, with its artistic unity,

is an exception—there is what may be called a nucleus,

consisting sometimes of one passage, sometimes of several,

generally in the central or the latter part of the work.





PREFA CE. xvii

The Annals prefixed to the first volume of the Attic

Oratoi^s will, I trust, be found useful by those who may-

wish to see the political and literary chronology of the

whole period in a comprehensive form. A list of editions,

commentaries, and subsidia will be found in the sam'^

place.

The indexes, which I have prepared myself, are on a

scale which will make it easy to find any noticeable word

or matter which the volume contains. On points of syn-

tax the references are to Professor Goodwin's Greek Moods

and Tenses.

The College, Glasgow,

April, 1880.





CONTENTS.

PAGE

On the Text xxv

ANTIPHON.

I. Second Tetralogy, first speech for the defence.

A youth, practising with the javelin at a gymnasium, has acci-

dentally killed a boy. The youth's father defends him against the

charge of homicide......... ^ i

II. Third Tetralogy, first speech for the prosecution,

§§ 1-7.

The religious view of homicide as a public pollution

...4

III. On the Murder of Herodes (417 b.c).

!• §§ I—3°- Narrative of the disappearance of Herodes . 5

7. §§ 81—96. Peroration: the silent testimony of the gods:

dangers of a hasty verdict . ....... 13

IV. On the Choreutes, §§ 11— 15 (circ. 412 B.C.).

The duties of an Athenian choregus .18

ANDOKIDES.

I. On his Return, §§ 10—16 (410 b.c).

His services to the army at Samos in 411 B.C. A scene at

Athens during the Revolution of the Four Hundred

...20

d 2



XX CONTENTS.

PAGE

II. On the Mysteries (399 b.c).

!• §§ 34—45- Nocturnal mutilation of the Ilermae at Athens

l)y unknown conspirators (415 B.C.). Story of Diokleides. The

panic . . • • • • • • • • • . 22

2, §§ ^.8—69. A scene in prison. Andokides resolves to

give evidence. His story 26

III, On the Peace with Lacedaemon, §§ 28—41 (390 b.c).

The alliance of Sparta preferable to that of Argos. Instances

in which Athens has suffered by choosing the wrong side. Character

of the Athenian Demos. The Athenian Empire—lessons of its

rise and fall ........... 31

L Y S I A S.

I. Olympiakos (388 B.C.).

The spirit of the festival at Olympia ; it is a pledge of Hellenic

unity. Greeks must put aside their jealousies, and unite against

the two foes of Greece—the King of Persia and the despot of

Sicily 36

II. A Plea for the Athenian Constitution (403 b.c).

On a proposal to limit the franchise to land-owners. The hopes

of Athens—now stripped of empire—depend on maintaining the

Democracy against oligarchic dictation from Sparta ... 38

III. For Mantitheos (392 b.c.).

A young Athenian—defending himself against the charge of

having served as a Knight under the Tliirty Tyrants—gives some

details of his private life, and of his recent campaigns ... 40

$

IV. For the Invalid, §§ 10—14. (After 403 b.c)

A cripple is defending his own claim to receive alms from the

State; here he answers the objection that he is able to ride . . 45

V. Against Eratosthenes (403 b.c).

I- §§1—36. Narrative. The Thirty Tyrants resolve to plunder

the resident aliens. Narrow escape of Lysias. His brother Pole-

marchos receives the order to drink the hemlock. Eratosthenes

cross-examined : comments

.........5



CONTENTS. xxi

PACK,

2. §§ 92—100. Peroration : twofold appeal to the adherents

and to the opponents of the Thirty Tyrants. The character of that

Tyranny, . . . . . ...... 54

VI. Against Agoratos, §§ 5—48 (399 b.c).

Narrative. Affairs at Athens just after the great defeat at

Aegospotami (405 B.C.). Theramenes sent to arrange a peace with

Sparta. The terms. The oligarchs plot to remove their opponents.

Agoratos, their instrument, denounces certain persons, who are

executed. A scene in prison. The reign of terror . . . .56

VII. On the Sacred Olive, §§ 17—25. (Not before 395

B.C.)

The speaker defends himself against the charge of having up-

rooted a sacred oUve (moria) on a farm which he rented . . 65

VIII. Against Theomnestos, §§ 6—20 (384—3 b.c).

Theomnestos, accused of libel, pleaded that he had not usedthe phrase forbidden by the law: the speaker, replying, gives ex-

amples of old Attic words or phrases, found in laws, but no longer

current in the same sense ........ 67

IX. Against Pankleon. (Prob. before 373 b.c.)

Plataeans at Athens had the legal status of citizens. Pankleon,

a fuller at Athens, had claimed to be a Plataean : the speech is to

show that he is not such, but an alien 70

ISOKRATES.

I. NiKOKLES, OR THE CYPRIANS, §§ 14—22. (Not before

372 B.C.)

Nikokles, the Greek King of Salamis in Cyprus, is addressing

his subjects. In this passage he argues for Monarchy as preferable

to Oligarchy or Democracy . • . • • . • -74

II. Encomium on Helen, §§ 54—5S (37° b.c).

The praise of beauty . ...... ••77

III. EvaGORAS, §§ 47—50 (365 B.C.).

The contrast between Phoenician and Hellenic rule in Cyprus,

after Evagoras, father of Nikokles, became King of Salamis . • 7^



XX ii CONTENTS.

PAGE

IV. Against the Sophists (391 r.c).

Isokrates, early in his career, criticizes three classes of teachers

from whose metliods and aims he desires that his own may be dis-

tinguished . . . . , . . . . . . -79

V. On the Antidosis, §§ 270—302 (353 b.c.).-

His account of his own ' j^hilosophy,' or theory of culture, and

the grounds upon which he rests its claims . . . • • 85

VI. PaNEGYRIKOS, §§ 160—186 (380 B.C.).

Reasons which make the moment favourable for an invasion of

Asia by united Greece. Condition of Persia and of Greece. The

Peace of Antalkidas criticized. Summary ...... 92

VII. Philippos, §§ 81—104 (346 B.C.).

Philip of Macedon is urged to lead a Greek expedition against

Persia. Policy of Agesilaos. Cyrus the Younger and the Ten

Thousand. Ease of raising a Greek army. Artaxerxes Ochos

his embarrassments. The word ' Liberty ' is the true spell for

Asia ............ 99

VIII. Plataikos, §§ 56—63 (373 B.C.).

A Plataean, pleading before the Athenian Ekklesia for help

against Thebes, thus perorates ....... 106

IX. On the Peace, §§ 121— 131 (355 b.c).

The party of war and 'empire'—results to Athens of their

policy. Perikles contrasted with subsequent leaders of the people . 107

X. ARCHIDAMOS, §§ 52-57 i-^ê B.C.).

Archidamos III., son of Agesilaos, speaks at Sparta against a

proposal to recognize the independence of Messene, lately restored

by Epameiiiftndas . . . . . . , . . .110

XI. ArEOPAGITIKOS, §§ 36—55 (355 B.C.).

A plea for restoring general functions of moral censorship to the

Council of the Areiopagos. The contrast between the Old Demo-cracy and the New m

XII. AEGINETIKOS, §§ iS—27 (394, 3 B.C.).

A forensic speech, for a case tried in Aegina. The narrative—

story of life in the islands of the Aegean 117



CONTENTS. xxiii

PAOE

XIII, To Alexander (342 b.c).

A letter from Isokrates to Alexander the Great—then a boy of

fourteen, just beginning his studies with Aristotle . . . .119

XIV. To Philip (338 b.c).

A letter from Isokrates to Philip of Macedon—written probably

after the conclusion of that peace between Philip and Athens which

ensued on the battle of Chaeroneia 120

ISA EOS.

I. On the Estate of Dikaeogenes (390 b.c).

1- §§ 7—24- Conduct of Dikaeogenes to his relatives. Ac-

tion for perjury. Mortgage. Purchase with a bad title. Action

for ejectment . . . . . . . . . . •123

2- §§39—47- Conclusion. Thetestsof 'public spirit.' Dikaeo-

genes contrasted with his ancestors. His descent from Harmodios

and Aristogeiton must not avail him . . . . . .128

II. Of the Estate of Hagnias, §§ i— 19 (359 b.c).

Attic law of succession. A thrice-contested inheritance . .130

III. On the Estate of Kiron, §§ 1—42 (375 b.c).

Attic usages regarding betrothal, marriage, and dowry. Torture

as a test of truth. A family festival in the country. Worship of

household gods. A bride introduced to her husband's clan : a com-

pliment paid to her by the women of her deme. Law dealing with

breaches of natural piety. Funeral customs 1 36

Notes H9

Index I., Greek Words 373

Index II., Matters 3^5



CORRIGENDA.

17 § 95i ^- i> fo'' fp^vyovra^ read <peijyovTos.

29 § 62, 1. 8, for TTOiô-ai/ros read iroiTiffovTOi.

60 § 23, last 1., for Trapdêiv read irapiêiv.

95 § 17O1 !• 4> fo"" efdvfxvOrjvai read ivdv/ii7]6TJuai.

„ § 172, 1. 5, delete comma after SiaXvo/xtda.

112 § 38, 1. 8, for TO(ToPro read touovtov.

152, 1. 10, place the words 'retaining 5id ras Ti^xas' after the word

' propose.'

230 § 2, 1. 12, for the second airoaraffiov read dTrpoaraaiov.

292, last line, for câs read câs.

317, I. I, for[Epist. IX.] read [Epist. v.].

3 '3 § i9> !• 8, for <popia read cpovia^.

'38} § 7; 1. 16, for *re<7<ra/)as* read Verrapaj*.



ON THE TEXT.

I subjoin my collation of the text, as printed in this volume,

with that of Bekker (Berlin 1823—-4), of Baiter and Sauppe

(Zurich 1850), and of the Teubner series, viz. Antiphon and

Andokides, ed. F. Blass (1871); Lysias, ed. C. Scheibe (2nd

ed. 1876); Isokrates, ed. G. E. Benseler (new ed., revised by F.

Blass, 1878

—79); Isaeos, ed. C. Scheibe (1860). In Isaeos I

have compared also the text of G. F. Schomann (1831). Emenda-

tions by other critics are given where they appeared significant.

In a few places I venture to think that I have discovered the

remedy of a corruption : but I have not introduced any conjecture

of my own into the text. See below, p. 1§2: 4§2: 11 §21:

37 §4: 38 §3: 136 § 18.

ANTIPHON.

A - the codex Crippsianus, or Burneianus 95, now in the

British Museum, said to be of the 13th century : N= Oxoniensis,

saec. 13 or 14. I'hese, the two best, are closely connected.

Sauppe, who with Spengel and others gives the palm to A, thinks

that iVwas copied from A before the latter had been corrected, and

that the points in which N is superior are due to the conjectures of

its learned scribe. The Teubner editor argues against this view,

and sums up the relative merits of the two mss. by saying that,

if we had

Nand the others except ^, we should lack the true

reading in some twelve places ; if A and the others except iV, in

some ninety. But neither A nor N wholly supersedes other mss.

j5 = Laurentianus, saec. 15: Z = Marcianus, saec. 14: Z=Vra-tislaviensis, saec. 14: J/= Burneianus, saec. 15.

Turr. (Turicenses) = Baiter and Sauppe's edition : Bl. = the

Teubner text edited by F. Blass : Bk. = Immanuel Bekker's Berlin

edition.

1. § I. (Karao-T^vat)] supplied by Reiske, and printed in

brackets by Turr. Bl. |j ToXfiav rd re aA\a napd (f>v(Ttv Xiyciv



xxvi SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

Kttt Sptti'] SO the mss. Bk. ]!1. With this reading, we have our

choice between two versions: (i) 'force peaceable men to be

audacious (ro/Vai'), aiid (re) in other respects to speak and act,'

etc. Mere the absohite use of Tokixav is objectionable, and the

T€ is most awkward, t€ having occurred twice before in the sen-

tence. (2)' make peaceable men dare Iwt/i (re) in other matters

to speak, etc., a/id {Kal) to act,'—Ae'yeiv and Spav both depending

on ToXixav. This is intolerable. I feel sure, then, that Turr. are

right in supplying, with Sauppe, koX before Trapa <fivatv :' force

peaceable men Iwf/i (re) to venture on other steps, a/id (koL) to

speak and act,' etc. For roXâv to. re d'AAa instead of ra re

aXXa ToXjxav, see note p. 151. || ottws xp^] 07'"'^? Bl., on his

own conjecture : vulg. wsXP'*)- II

§ 2. 8id rds 7rpoeipr]ixiva<s

Ti^xas] Bl. reads, on his own conject., icra rais Trpoetpr^/xeVats Tu'xats.

In a note at p. 151 I give my reasons for retaining the vulg., and

proposing either to insert -ô-a-ov before dTrohe$aixevov;, or for ciTro-

8e|a/x£i/ous tO substitute aTroia-afJiei'ovs.||

2. § 3. ets aKOvaLov;

atTtas] eis dvoaiov; atrta?, Bl. on his own conject.||

ci fxkv

yap TO dKovTtov.../x?7 (f>ov€vaiv eu-at. Bl. shifts this whole passage,

placing it after TrpoaejSaXev )]fjilv at the end of § 4, and altering

Tov 8e TraiSos into toB yap TratSds. To me no change seems re-

quired.II

ovSeU (ay) -qplv Xoyos rVcXetVero] (av) is conjecturally

added by Bl. It is not, however, necessary. The imperf. vneXu-

TTfTo alone could mean, ' was (by a logical inference) left,' in the

supposed case (d h-pwaev). See on lyiyvero in Isaeos or. v. § 13,

note p. 331.II § 4 (o pXv lKu>Xv6ri)'\ supplied by Reiske, and

printed in brackets by Turr. and Bl.||

§ 6 ol re cKouo-tov] re

Spengel, Bl. : ol Se kKovcriov vulg.jj § 7 ov^lv rijxapTe.v\ Bl, with

JV: rjfxapTev ovSev vulg.||

3. § 8 tov Kaipoii] Spengel, Bl. TOV

X^pov mss. and Bk. toS xpovov Reiske and Turr. ||to' (tc)

e'pyov] BL, Spengel having conjectured to t epyoi' : vulg. to epyoi'.

II § 9 /u,7^T€ eK(x)v] Bl. with A^.—fxy]0^ ckwv vulg. || 4. § 2 TrptoTous]

Bl. with JV. TrpWTOl/ vulg.II

o'cTTtS OVV TWV VTTO TOV OcOV d.$10)-

BevToiv TOV (Hov "qp-wv dvo/xcos Tii'd ciTroKTetVei. 'Whoever, then, un-

lawfully slays any one of us who have been deemed worthy of life

by the god. '...So BL, adopting Sauppe's d^njidivTwv. The mss.,

Bk. and Turr. give oo-tis ovv tovtwv vtto tov Oôv a.^Lw6ei<;

ToC ;Stov dvop-dh TLvd diroKretvei. I had already conjectured

another remedy—which, indeed, was not far to seek—before

I learned that it is actually found in A'^,—namely, for dîw-

^ct9 to read dîcoêWo?. ' Whoever, then,—our life having been

deemed worthy of these things by the god,—unlawfully slays

another.' Even without the testimony of N this reading would

have very strong probability : with that testimony added, little

doubt can remain.||

6. § 3 [StoVi ei/êvVavro] condemned byDobree, and now bracketed by Bl. Dobree further proposed to

read avrw tovtw instead of avrots toi'toi?, and also suspected the

words ov Svvd.p.evoi SrjXoicrat avrd : needlessly, I think. Indeed I



Antiphon] on the text. xxvii

incline to believe that Siort iif/evcravTo too is genuine. It should

be remembered that an immature rhetorical prose is sometimes

forced to employ these awkward explanatory clauses. That is

the price it pays for using ornament over which it has not com-

plete mastery. A clause may be sound in Antiphon which we

could safely pronounce to be a gloss in Demosthenes.|| § 5

TOVTO jjiev idv Ti rfj yXcocrcrr/ d[JLCi.pTO), crvyyvwixr]v^X^'-^

ixoij The mss.

and Bk., dvyyvw^rjv e;ê(.v jjloi, tovto fxkv iav tl rfj yXuxrcrr] afxaprw.

Baiter made the transposition, which is adopted by Turr. and Bl.

II

elpijaOai] Bl., with G. A. Hirschig, (ev) dp-fja-Oai. \\ 7. § 8

TTpayfjiOLTiov Twv eis f/^f] Trpay/xdrajv Koi twv €is ifie mss. and Bk.

Turr. and Bl., with Sauppe, omit koi.\\

§ lo âcri 8e al to tc

diroKTeLveLV /xeya KaKOvpyrjfxa elvai, ...Kai to lepocri^Xetv] msS. Bk.

Turr. For to tc Sauppe conj. to' ye. The Aldine has 4>aal Se

avTo T€ TO diroKTCLveLv, K.T.X., and so (with ye for Te) Bl. reads,

inserting (wa-n-ep) before koI to Upoo-vXelv.\\

dvYairodaveiv tou

vofjiov KeipAvov ToV aTTO/cTeiVai'Ta] A (ist hand), IV, BL-—Toi; vojxov

KCLfxivov TOV aTroKTeivavTa dvTa7ro6aveLV vulg. Bk. Turr., and SO the

con-ector of A, only with avravrod. before t6u diroKT.\\

8. § 1

i^wXetav auVw] avT<L Maetzner, Bl. avTio vulg.|| § I2 rjyei. XP^'

vat] BL, ascribing lyyet to Dryander and P. R. Muller.—ei ye mss.

Bk. Turr.—Sauppe conj. out ye.||

§ 13 6cfiXe.lv tt/v Sikt/v] Bl,

reads, from A, 6<f)Xeiv elvai T-qv ZU-qv : but see note p. 160.||

§ 13 e'êtvat IteXdetv^ Dobree thought that iêhat had arisen from

eiUvai, a gloss on iêXdelv. Omitting it, he proposed to read

(instead of toCto 8' aTroAoyTjo-a/xeVo)) koL IXOovti ovtu) S aTroXoyrjaa-

jxevia.II

10. § 17 e/Aot /LtoVw eTre'AtTre] BL, on Reiske's conj.,

adds (ctt') before e/xoi. For iTriXnre Baiter proposes iveXnrc. Hewould also omit ToSSe tov vo'fiou after wêXeto-6'at,

||§ 18 dirapa-

o-KeuoTaTov]((iJs) aTrapao-zceuoTttToi' BL, with Hirschig : rightly.|| §19

eXacro-wêisj Dobree's conjecture, now confirmed by iVand per-

haps by the ist hand of ^ : Turr. BL The other mss., av o-wêls,

and so Bk. : see note p. 162.||

§ 21 avrov [tov 'Hpw8r;v].] Do-

bree wished to omit toi' 'RpwSrjv : Reiske, either to do this, or to

read ouTot for avTov. BL, with Maetzner, brackets the words :

rightly. || 11. § 21 oTt fx-rj 7rpovota...eytyi'£To] jar), which is

printed here from the mss. by Bk. Turr. Bl., is simply an impos-

sible solecism. Maetzner proposed to substitute ov. We must

certainly do so. But I think that we can also trace the source

of the error, oti /xyj irpovoLo. arose from oti {ov Ty l)ixrj irpovoia.

II§ 22 jaeTeVâo-tsJ A (corrector), N, Turr. Bl.—/êTa/Jao-ts

vulg. and Bk.||

vplv jxdpTvpa<i -n-ape'ô/xat] p.dpTvpa<i is Reiske's

conject., supported by the constant usage of Antiphon, and now

adopted by Bl. There is, however, one drawback to it—the

iambic metre, which at the end of a sentence would be too strik-

ing. I would avoid it by reading vjxlv irapi^npai ixdpTvpa?.—fxapTv-

pias, vulg. Bk. Turr.||

12. § 26 avTw IveâXov] Bl. : IvejiaXov

avTw A, B., Bk. Turr. || § 28 dvhp6<i TcdvewTOs kol eK/âXAo/teVov]



xxviii SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

ai-Spos Tt^rcwTos (euTiOefjLevov) Kal iKâXXofxevov Bl. On his OWn

conj. He also suggests that, instead of adding ivTidefiivov, we

might omit Kal. To my thinking the text is sound as it stands:

' when a man had been killed, and was being thrown overboard.'

II13. napaaxva-oiJiaL] restored here by Bekker (whom^Bl.

follows) from § 24. TrapanTrjaafxai vulg. Turr.|| § 29 to at/xa]

mss. Bl.—Tt at/xa Bk. Turr.||

§ 81 €is ra l^w] ets is bracketed

by Maetzner, Bk. Bl.||

14. § 83 ...tovtwv ixdpTvpes] Stepha-

nus supplies Kai fioi dvd/SrjTe before tovtwv.\\

§ 84 yeyevrjfiivoiv]

Weidner, Bl.—yiyvo/xeVojv vulg.||

§ 85 oTâai Se Koi v[x<Zv] Kay-

ser inserts (Trpos) before vfxwv and (eTvat) after it : and so Bl.

Dobree for oTp-ai conjectured Se'o/xat. || 15. § 87 nys (re) StKr/s

VLKaa-Oat irapd to dXrjdes, avTov tc tov dXrjOov?, [aXXws Tc] kol idv]

In Antiphon or. vi. § 5, where this whole passage recurs, we

have TTJs tc SLKr]<5 vtKacrOai irapd to dXrjOes, avTov T€ tov dXr]6ov?,

KOLV, etc. Guided by this, Bl. inserts tc after t^s here. He

also follows Spengel in bracketing [aXXcos tc]. With aXXojs re,

the meaning is, ' especially if:' without it, 'even if.' I do not see

why Antiphon should not have used the former here and the

latter in or. vi. § 5.||

§ 88 ^ Kal hii toTs aXXois] Kal is omitted

by Maetzner and Turr., comparing or. vi. § 6, where in the repeti-

tion of this passage we find r\ iirl tois aXXois : Bl. brackets it

rightly, I think. See note p. 166.||

16. § 90 ciTroXcu-ao-i]

Dobree's conjecture, adopted by Turr. Bl. diroXoyTô-aaOai vulg.

Bk.II § gi dfxapreLv tl, to aStKws] Maetzner's conject. (Sto-

baeus, tl dp-apTeiv TO aStKOJs), Bl. The mss. have dpapTdv lirl t<3

or €7ri TO) (the latter, N, Bk. Turr.).||

(aVoXeXi^Ko'crtv) vp-lv ouS'

kâTvaT-qOfieri] The insertion of (aTroXeXvKoo-ii') is due to Weidner,

whom Bl. follows, writing vjxiv ov^ for -Li/xtv Tots.—Vulg. vplv toI<;

(.âiraTrjOucTL.\\

17. § 93 [tv^v] Ti/xa)ptav...Tavr7^j/.] Trjv is

bracketed by Bl. (though not by Turr.), as Sauppe and Kayser

suggested : Maetzner would either omit it, or else, keeping it,

change TavT-qv to ttiv. It is better omitted : but such a passage

as or. XIII. § 30 shows that it might be kept : see note, p. 167.jj

§ 95 pacTTov 8e Toi] Dobree's conject., Maetzner, Turr. Bl. The

mss. have dpals twv Se'toi, which Bk. prints. To the emendations of

apai? Twi' mentioned at p. 167 add dpdcriixov (Stephanus), )(f>r}(rTCiv

(Valcknaer). It*is remarkable that A'^ omits the words altogether,

so that TWV dXr]6(2v. is immediately followed by eo-Ttv ai'Spos, k.t.X.

Perhaps the scribe of A^ may have taken Io-tiv as = * it is possible :

this would give at least a complete sense, and may have prevented

his noticing that he had left out any words.||

18. ^ 96 edv tl

irdcrxta] Tl Bk. : mss. t6, vulg. before Bk. ye.||

Trapavdyaws] Reiske's

correction. The mss. 7rapavo/x,os still appears in Bk.'s Berlin

text of 1823.II

§ II [rovTe'o-Tt tt} 'Epex^?;tSi,]] Bl. follows Reiske

in bracketing this as a scholium which has come in from § 13.||

19. § 13 TOV 8' ercpov] Sauppe thinks that a proper name has

either dropped out after Tr;s KcKpoTri'So? or is concealed in hepov.



Antiphon] on the text. xxix

II§ 14 cêo-Ti Tw Kari/yopo) eêXeyâiTt . . . o rt av (SovXr^Tat eiTreiv] vulg.

—efeXeyfai (Bk. Turr.) If we do not omit eiTreTv, as Dobree pro-

posed, then it is a dilemma. Keeping eêXe'yât we must read etTrajV,

as Sauppe suggests ; or, keeping dweiv, we must read eêAeyfavrt,

as Bl. does. I prefer the latter.||

iôvXofiyjv av] Dobreeproposed jSovXoifxrjv av. The objection to the imperf. indie, here

is that it implies a belief on the speaker's part that he was 7/of

thought €vopKo68pa] BL, on Reiske's conj., gives (ovtw)

(T(f)oSpa.II

aTTorpe'i/ât] Dobree's conject., adopted by Bl.—

•

aTTocTTpiâi mss. Bk. Turr.

ANDOKIDES.

The sources for the text of Andokides are chiefly the same

as for that of Antiphon. Here, however, the codex Crippsia-

nus A has no longer any rival in its claim to be the most faithful

representative of the common archetype, since the Oxoniensis

N does not contain Andokides. A was collated by I. Bekker,

and by Dobson, who also collated afresh in Andokides the wholeBurneianus M, used by Bekker only in a few passages. Notmuch, however, has been gained from M, or from the codex

Ambrosianus F, which Bekker consulted in some places; still

less from Marcianus Z or Vratislaviensis Z. The mss. and

editions are indicated by the same letters as in the case of Anti-

phon.

20. § II T€/xv€o-âi] Dobree's conject., Turr. Bl. yevia-Oai

mss. Bk.II

21. § 12 jxeydXwv dyadwv atVia] atrta Bl., on his Own

conject., for the mss. a|ia. Plausible as this is, I now believethat diia is right, and that the following ravri^s t^s atrtas is

rather against the change than in its favour.||

§ 14 o-Tpana?]

A, Turr. Bl.— o-rparecas vulg. Bk.|| § 15 iireLhrj] SO Reiske,

Turr. Bl. koI i-n-eLSy] mss. Bk.|| ^xovra oveiSyj ovtol fxe] Sauppe's

conject., Turr. Bl. eL)(ôv rd ovctSr; outoi, 01 /xe mss. Bk.||

22.

§ 16 TrdXiv av Kal Sia Torr' eyw aTrwXXvixrjv^ aTroiXXvp.'qv is a conjec-

ture of Bekker, who, however, prints the vulg. dTroXoip.-qv : and so

Turr. Bl. But the aor. optat. is intolerable, the structure of

the sentence then being, Ifxavrov diT(jiXo^vpdp.y]v, oo-rt? tovto p-lv...

etôv, TOVTO h\...dTroXoip.rjv. The insertion of e.1 before TrdXiv av,

wh. Bl. suggests, would only remove one difficulty by introducing

another. And if for oo-tis we read ei, d^ôv followed by diroXoL/xrjv

would still be most awkward. I have little doubt that dTroXoiix-qv

was a mere error, occasioned by the neighbouring optat. rpa-TroL-

ixr]v.II

OVK ecTTiv o ti erepov epyov] £, Z (in A erepov is written

over tpyov), Bk. Turr. : Bl. brackets epyoi^ : vulg. ovKeri erepov.|j

§ 35 ÂXKi(T0ivr)...Tifxdv6r]j so, with C. Schiller, Bl. 'AXKtaOevrjv...

'Yip^dvO-qv Bk. Turr. || 23. § 36 outws StcKetro] ovrws A., Turr.



XXX SELECTIONS. [Andokides

Bl.—otVu) Bk. VLllg.II

ai'€t7rot...Kaê/\ot] dveLTrrj...Ka6eXr] niSS.

(except that A, B have KaOeXoL). Corrected by Dobree, and by

Schomann DeComitils p. 151. ||

€<^€i;yov] Baiter's conject.,

adopted by Bl. l<\>vyov mss. Bk. Turr.|| § 38 tov Aiovwod]

Turr. Bl. to Atovt'o-ov Z, M, Bk.||

24. § 40 Iv tw â.\K(.'n^

Iv TO) x<^^K^^^ Valckenaer conj., and so Bl.|| § 41 eVa airov

rjiJLwv] Reiske's conject. (Bk. Turr. Bl.) for vulg. eVa avTw rjfxwv.

II § 42 KaOofxoXoyrjaa^] A, B, Bk. Turr. Bl. : vulg. KaOoh-qyTJaa';.\\

eVtoVra] Emper's conject., and so Turr. Bl.—eiVtovTa mss. Bk.||

25. § 43 auTw] Reiske, Turr. Bl. avrwv vulg. Bk.||

'Ai/ê(^tWa]

so Turr. (comparing Boeckh Corp. Inscr. 11. 340) Bl., and so

below, § 44,'Ai/fe<îW.

—Bk.Â<peKJj[wra, Reiske 'Acjicij/Lova.

\\

§ 44KaraXtTroVTCs] Sauppe's COnject. ey/caraXtTrovTes is gOOd. || § 45

€15 TO &rjaeLov~\ to Reiske Bk. Turr. Bl. The mss. have eh t€ or

€15 y€.II

TTTTToSa/xctav] Turr. (referring to Lobeck on vSoph. Ajax

108) Bl.—

'iTTTToSajLitav mss. Bk.||

wkto?] (-n-po) vvkto? Bl. on his

own conject.||

26. § 49 aSi,K€lv...fl r/Koz;(Ta5] A, B, L have a

lacuna between dSiKeii' and d. In A this lacuna (ace. to Sauppe)

represents 1 2 lost letters, which he proposes to supply by inserting

totJtcdv Tot'i'w (where tootwv would be masc, ' from them ').

Another guess is (/)e'p€ 8r} toiwv (Linder and Kayser).||

27. § 51aTToAeio-âi] The conject. of Stephanus and Reiske, approved by

Baiter, and adopted by Bl. diroXea-OaL mss. Bk. Turr.|| § 53

(d) oA.c6po5] o', wanting in the mss., is added, with Reiske, by Bk.

Turr. Bl.|| § 54 {rj) twv aXAtov] mss. rolv aA-Xcov : rj is added,

with Sluiter, by Bk. Turr. Bl.|| § 55 Xo'yoi' (Set) SiSoVat] Set is

added, with Reiske, by Turr. Bl.—Xo'yoi/ SiSdvat vulg. Bk.||

28.

§ 56 (aXXa TrpwTov fxev ii/xas)] inserted, on his own conject, by Bl.

:

see my note at p. 178. Reiske, with the same object, would

insert vfjuv after fxy) SoKelv : Scheibe would insert v/xlv after Ka/cw. ||

ciTtt 8e Kot] A, as reported by Dobson, has a small lacuna between

eira and /<ai, which Sluiter fills up by adding 8e, and so Bl.—ctTa

Koi Bk. Turr.|| § 57 ra yevdjucva] Reiske's conject., approved

by Baiter and adopted by Bl. to. Xeyo'/xeva mss. Turr. Bk. ||

29. § 59 rwv 8' aXXwv, ot Trporepov vtto TievKpcv ifxrjvvOrjaav,

oirre St^ttotj] twv 8 aXXwv ot Xoittoi Trporepov vtto Tewpou ijj.i]vv6r]-

crav. ovre 8-r]7rov vulg. and Bk.—Dobree conjectured that ot

XotTTot should hit dl (or oiVep, or oo-onrep), and that the full

stop after ifx-qvvO-qo-av should be changed to a comma. So Turr.

Bl.— Dobree would have preferred to omit the whole clause,

ot XoL7roi...epr]vv6r]aav : but (when corrected) it has its point

and use, as defining the otherwise vague twi' dXXwv.\\

§ 61

Tavrrjv T-qv (3ovX:qv^ After ôvXrjv the mss. have yeviaOai, which

Bk. brackets, and which Turr. Bl. omit.||

§ 62 Trotrfo-ovTos]

Reiske's conject., Turr. Bl. TroL-qaavTos vulg. Bk.||

30. § 66

diryTe] Weidner, Bl.—ti7rT7€tT€ vulg. Bk. Turr.||

§ 67 ycvop,€'i'ajv]

Baiter's conject., Turr. Bl.—ytyvo/icVwi/ vulg. Bk.||

(av) dvqp] av

is added, with Reiske, by Bl. || 31. § 69 01 etSoVcs] Reiske's



Andokides] on the text. xxxi

conject, Turn Bl.—oi iSdvre? vulg. Bk.||

32. § 29 oiiScôs oiio-av

aîW] ouSei/o? for ovKkv is Reiske's conject. ; Bk. Turr. Bl.|| § 30

\x.kvovTi.<i\ Bl.

—/xcVovTtts vulg. Bk. Turr. The nomin. is unques-

tionably right.II § 31 iKKaXm> airwv tov Qvôv\ So BL, on his

own conject. The mss. have IktÎvo-i tov 6vfx6i', which can only

mean lo stretch forth our anger, a strange phrase for classical Greek

prose. Reiske proposed eKetVwv kivCiv tov 6vfji.6v : Sluiter, kivuv

auTwv TOV OvfjLov. Dobree's comment on cKTetvai tov 6v[x6v is 'Latet,

nisi fallor, nomen proprium.' Did he take cKTctvai to be a corrup-

tion of (a7ro)/<Tetvat ? || 33. § 33 ev ats -îjuv eêo-Tt] -qfuv msS.

Bl. vfuv Bk. Turr.||

8ia ravO'] Reiske's conject., Turr. Bl.

8ia ravrqv mss. Bk.|| § 34 avroKparopc; hi

ttTreStoKajnev]

InReiske, BL : aTreScoKaêv is Bl.'s own conject.,—a good one, I

think. avTOKpoLTope? tl a7roSujcrojU.ev mss. Bk. Turr.||

34. § 38

T€t;)[(io-a/x.cvoi] Emper's conject., Bl. iTeLXicra/xev vulg. Bk. Turr.||

§ 39 Tas p-ev TrapaXaj36vTe<i\ Tas Reiske, Bk. Turr. BL TO. mss.||

Tas re vr]a-ovi\ tcis tc Z, Af, Bl.—Tas 8e vulg. Bk. Turr.||

35.

§ 40 StSacTKo'vTcov vp-ds] vp-dq Sluiter (approved by Baiter), Bl.

T}p.d? vulg. Bk. Turr.||

€i Tts (tl) Trpoa-OeLvaL] Bl.—eiVts TrpoaduvaL

mss. Bk. Turr. : the latter would prefer et ti tis. Sluiter proposed

ci Tis irpoaOetvat ti. || § 41 eAeo-âi] A, B, M, Z, Turr. Bl.

£A.€o-ê mss. and Bk., who points thus : 'A^T^vatof toutwv on av

ôvXrjaOe eAecr^c.

Z YSIAS.

The codex Palatinus X (Heidelberg) is the source from which

all* other manuscripts of Lysias yet collated have been derived;

it is also the basis of the Aldine. This was shown at length by

Hermann Sauppe in an epistola critica to Godfrey Hermann (1841),

and is now generally admitted. Carl Scheibe's first edition of

Lysias, in the Teubner series, appeared in 1852. Subsequently Xwas carefully collated for him by C. L. Kayser, and this new

collation is the critical basis of Scheibe's second edition (1876),

in which the distinctive feature is the recognition of the codex

Palatinus as an authority of paramount value. When Baiter and

Hermann Sauppe were engaged upon their Oratores Attici,

the authorities of Heidelberg sent Palatinus X to Zurich for

their inspection, but before it arrived the first twenty orations

of Lysias had already been printed. An examination of it,

however, led Sauppe to the conclusions which he embodied in

the letter already mentioned. Second in importance is Lauren-

tianus C (15th century). This was L Bekker's principal guide.

So confident was he of its superior merit, that he looked at X only

occasionally, and without much attention. It has now been shown

^ Excluding four which have only or. 11., the spurious 'ETTira^toy,—viz.

Marciani F, G, and Parisini U, V.



xxxu SIIL ECTIGXS. [LvsiAS

that the pouits in which C varies from X are nowhere due to a

better archetype, but simply to the conjectures of a scribe whose

learning was at least equalled by his temerity. In orations x—xxiv

inclusive Bekker used only C and X; in orations i—ix he drew

from time to time on eleven inferior mss. (mostly containing only

these nine speeches), viz. Marciani F, G, I, K\ Laurentiani D, E :

Vatican! M, N: Parisini U, V\ Urbinas O. As a rule, X and Care the only mss. which have much weight in regard to the real

difficulties of the text.

Schb. = Carl Scheibe's second edition (Teubner, 1876). Turr.,

as before, = Baiter and Sauppe; Bk. = Bekker's Berlin edition.

36. §2 ttAoutou] Turr. Schb. Undoubtedly the true reading,

though not found m. X ox C\ Turr. quote for it two mss., 'A, B

Grosu,'—the same, it may be noted, from which they cite the true

reading eyyetovs (for cyyw'ous) in Lys. or. xxxii § 15. ttA-ou'to) vulg,

Bk.II

yevTftreo-âi] Markland for yaiaOai, Turr. Schb. yîicrOai

Bk. I should prefer to keep yeieVât and insert av before it.||

§ 3 cro(îo-Twv Xiav axp-qcmjiv] Ivlarkland, Bk. Turr. Schb. a-oc^wv

Twv Xtav )(pri(TTQiv mss.||

37. § 4 (fnXoveiKexv fxev icmv ev Trpar-

TovTwv, yvwrai 8e ra /JeArto-Ta rwv avTiZv'\ twv avTwv is manifestly

corrupt. Sauppe conjectures twv eS voouVtwi'. I would suggestTtuv aTu^wi/. See note p. 189.

|| § 7 8ta Tr}v Trpds] Schb., on

Reiske's COnject., 8ta r-qv rajf 7rp6s.|| § 9 ovk av evopojv] Ste-

phanus ovk av ivopwr), the simplest and best remedy. Baiter, ovk

av dyavaKTr](rei€v opcov. Dobson, ovk ai'tarai opwv (which Schb.

inadvertently attributes to Dobree). Reiske, ovk dv cvrpeVotTo

opwv.II

38. |:^ I Trporepov St? 7]8r). KatJ Dobree's conject.,

Turr. Schb. irporepov. Sl6 hrj Kal mss. Bk.||

§ 2 ecrre] INIarkland

conject., Turr. Schb."— etcriv mss. Bk.|| §

3...oiVe yivet direXawo-

/txcros] The gap before ovre yevec is filled up by Markland withovTc ttXovtu) (the best suggestion) : by Sauppe, with ovre ovcrca,

which Schb. prints between brackets; by Slephanus with ovre

T^XiKia, which Bk. prints. Turr. leave dots.||

iKTTjfxeOa x^ldine,

Turr. (quoting the codices A B Grosii). iKTTja-dfxeOa mss. Bk.

iKiKTijixeOa Emper, Schb.|| § 3 ov^ ottws * 'A^v/vaiW nvd

TTOitjaoiJev*^ mss. ovx ovrco? tva 'AOt]iaLiov TLvd 7roirj(jwjX(.v (Bk.), or

Troirj(Top.(.v. Stephanus conjectured ottws for oiJtws ua. I believe

that we should supply djiixov before 'A^r/iaiwi^, and that a vestige

of it remains in the corrupt Iva of the mss.^—Turr., whom Schb.

follows, read on their own conject., ov^ ottws 'AGrjvatwv Ttvd aTrco-

(Tofx(v.II

diroXovp-ev^ Bk., on Reiske's conject., drnXiZpiev.|| § 4

TreiOrjo-dt] Sluiter conject., Turr. Schb. TretdwfieOa mss. Bk.||

iv Tais] Reiske, Turr.—rats mss. Bk.—Kav rais Franz, Schb.

II

ov Tovs yrjv'] mss. and Bk. have /cat before ov: Turr. and Schb.

follow Markland in omitting it.||

39. § 6 cTra tois twv -ufxlv

vTrapôvTiDv epwat] mss. Bk.—rightly, I think. For ipwai Mark-

land conject. epojTwo-t, which Turr. adopt. In doing so, they

ought to have omitted rots: see note, p. 192. Schb., on Baiter's





XXXIV SELECTIONS. [Lysias

(agree) with you,—and quite right too:' rather pointless irony.

Schb. proposes ovb^ oiItos v\i1v ws eS tvoimv, i.e. 'and he differs

from you, asif

he wereacting rightly.' I believe that tl ttoiwv is

a corruption of i.v\\o-â. loKd\ ttoiCiv, 'nor does he seem to act

reasonably.' |14?. § 5 <^ttcr/<oi'T€9] (f^da-Kovre^ Be Schb., with

Emper. \\Kal ToiaGra] Schb. and Rauchenstein, with Mark-

land, omit Koi.II

48.J^6 iriveaOai, t>}i/

8' o.pxqv'] Markland,

Turr. Schb. yeviaOai Ty)v dpxqv mSS. Bk.II

49. § 13 itapeKe-

XeveTo] TrapaK€Xev£TaL C, Bk. ||50. §17 vtt iKCLVwv] X, C, Turr.

Schb.— £7r' €K-eirwi/ Aldine, Bk. (= 'in their time')—a tempting

variant, which may be right,jj

§ 20 wo-Trcp av erepoi] Before

av, Rauchenstein, with Westermann, insertsot-S'

:

Schb.,with

Sauppe, ovK.II

Xvaa/xivov; Toiovrcov vj^twcrar] Schb., with Bergk,

points thus: Xvao-pevov;' tolovtwv T/^'twaav.||

51. § 24 oaiovj

Stephanus, Bk. Turr. Schb.—oVov C, X.\\

o t<,] Brunck's

and Bk.'s correction of the mss. d ti.||

§ 25 IVa p.ri diroOd-

vwMfv;] X omits prj. Rauchenstein follows Reiske, Frei, and

Frohberger in giving iVa dTro6dyo)p.iv ^ p-rj dTroOdvwpev ; Dobree,

too, wished for this. See note, p. 205.||

§ 26 aTroKreiVats] Bk.

conject, Turr. Schb.— uTroKreiVois Bk. in text.—aTroKretiTys (sic)

X (ace. to Kayser), C. \\ 52. § 27 eVeiTa] mss.^Bk. Turr.—eTTci Tot Taylor conject., Schb.

||-^ttov ciko?] tjttov Canter,

Turr. Schb. âaov Reiske, Bk. ov inaTov C, ttlcttlv miSS.||

€TT;yxave] X, Schb. Ijvyxo-vev Bk. Turr.II

Kttt yvw/.ir;!'] Schb.,

on his own conjecture, Kal [eravrtai'] yvwp,rjv.II § 29 l(T)(ypoTipa

aur^s] Dobree wished to read Tavrrj^ for avrri^, or else to omit

the latter, suggesting that it may have arisen from a variant avToi%

for aurw just afterwards,|i |5 30 ^crojôrra* avrov Kai ra TOi'rot?

iij/rjcfiKTfxei'a* ov * avWalSwu uTn^'yayev.] C has awôjv avrov,

omitting 6v : and so Bk. reads. Baiter conject. crioCovTa avrov,

Kara rd tovtol'; iil/t](fiia-p.eva o-vXXaûjv aTTfyyayei'. Sauppe conject.

(Tojêir T€ avTOV Kal rd TOVToa l\pii<îajLiva irapov, and SO Schb. now

(1876) reads. Rauchenstein, combining Baiter's Kara with Sauppe's

Trapov, gives (edit. 5) crwêtv avrov Kara la rou'rots k\pr]4^La-p.iva

rrapov, avXXafSdiv dir/jyayiv. This I believe to be the true solu-

tion : see note, p. 206.|| § 31 rot? 8ta] Reiske, Turn, Schb.

Tov'rois 8ia mss. Bk.||

53. § 34 Trotiyo-ats] mss. Bk. Turr.

cTTotvycras Dofcree, Schb., Rauchenstein. See note, p. 207.jj

€ri!;(eTe...a7r€i//r;^/o-aCTê.] Rauchenstein, on Kayser's conject.,

eTi;yxai'eT€...a7rei//7j(^t^€(T6'€, to which Schb. inclines, though he

keeps the aorists : but see note p. 207.|| §35 Tip.Mpovp€vov{\

Markland conject., Turr. Schb. Tetpopivovi Canter conject., Bk.

TTjpou/xeVous or rripop.il' ov<i mss.|| § 36 ovk our] ovkovv Bk. ||

54. oT(\ Schb., with the mss. (J^ has ore, ace. to Kayser: on,

ace. to lik.).— on Markland, Turr. Rk.||

to?'? Ik r?j<i âAa'rrr/s]

Reiske would add rauayo?vras : Schb., reOvewra';.||

rourovs SeJ

X, C, Schb.-—rouroi'i; Se hrj Bk. Turr.II

i^ 92 8iu rourwv] C,

Turr. Schb.—Stu rovrov X, Bk.|| § 93 ovtoi piv [a\\.AKrri-



Lysias] on- the text. XXXV

a-avTo] Schb. and Rauchenstein bracket ai^: Turr. and Bk. do not.

Though av can be defended( [if they had finally prevailed^ they

would have acquired), yet Baiter's 'malim abesse' is warranted.

II56. § 99 ovKiv cAA-eAetTrrat] ouSei' was added by Canter: Turr.,

Schb., print it in brackets, Bk. without brackets.||

virkp re tc3i/

UpQsv\ re is added, on Sauppe's conject, by Rauchenstein, Schb.

UTrep Twv tepcov Bk. Turr.II

§100 KaTaxf/rjcfueladai] mss. Bk.

Turr. Schb. KaTeijjcadai Baiter conject., which seems most pro-

bable. KaTeif/yjcftLafxivovi ecrecrât Rauchenstein, and to this, or

Kareif/rjcfiLcriJ.ei'ov's cfiavrja-ea-QaL, Schb. leans.||

7r€7rof>7ju,eVot;s] Reiske

and Kayser think that (jiavqa-ecrdai has dropped out after this :

see note, p. 210. ||§ 6 KaraoTT^cracrâi] mss. Bk. Turr. Schb.—would read either KaTao-rr/creo-ât or av Karaa-Trjcraa-Oat : see note,

p. 212.II

57.§ 9 TTotifo-etv] X, C, Turr. Schb.—Trou/o-et Stephanus,

Bk.II

§ II aVopoj?] Schb., while keeping this in the text, thinks

with Kayser that it is a gloss.||

§ 12. iu rfj -n-pocfxirrei] Baiter

would read irrl instead of iv: but see note, p. 214, and to the

references there add Lys. or. vii § 20, iv rovTia tw rpoTno (below,

p. 65).II

58. § 14 KaTaa-Kdij/at] Bk. conject., Turr, Schb.

StaaKULij/aL mss., Bk. in text.||

§ 15 Xeyo/xii/rjv^ Schb., on

Hirschig's conject., yevojxivrjv.\\

e7rirpei//ai] mss. Turr. Schb.

cTTtrpei/zeiv Stephanus, Rauchenstein. av iTrtTpeif/at Markland.

We certainly require (as Dobree, too, noticed) one of these two

remedies: see note, p. 214.||

vew'] vqwi/ mss. Bk. Turr. (the

latter, indeed, with the remark, 'immo vewi/.')||

59. § 19

€/c7re/x7rova-t] elcnripTrovcn Rauchenstein,—a conjecture in which

Dobree had anticipated Sauppe : see note, p. 215.jj

[t/}v Trpo

Twv TpiaKovra /3oi;AcuoDo-ai/]] Dobree pointed out the interpola-

tion. The words are bracketed by Rauchenstein and Schb.||

§ 20 eAeyero] mss. Bk. Turr. Schb. (2nd edit.) iyevero Markland

conject, Schb. (istedit.).||

t6v vovv Trpocrixv^^] X, Turr. Schb.

Tov VOVV [xrj Trpo(T€)(r]re C.—tov vovv rjacrov jrpoa-e)(r]Te Reiske, Bk.

II§ 22 €i//7;<^tcraro] Reiske, Bk. Turr. {f/r](f)L(cTaL Schb., on his

own conject.—i/^jjc^to-ere (sic) X, xprjcbiaaTo (sic) C, {j/r](f>L(J€cr6aL mss.

II60. § 23 7rape$eLv] mss. Bk. Turr. 7rapd$eLv Cobet, Schb.

But irapeêiv is, I think, certainly right here. On -rrapi-^îv and

irapdyuv, see n., p. 217.II § 24 eK€t îxai'] Taylor, conject,

Turr. Schb. iKaQicrav C, Bk. iKLvrjcrav msS.||

TT0irjcraa9ai\

Foertsch conject., Turr. Schb. TroL-rjaaL mss. Bk.|| § 27 fxkv

yap] Cobet, Schb.—/xeV ye mss. Bk. Turr.||

61. KareAiTresJ

G. A. Hirschig conject, Rauchenstein, Schb.—ctTreAiTres mss. Bk.

Turr.II

i] eKCtVots CKTrAeuo-at] X, Schb.—cK-TrAeucrai 7/ e'xe'Vot? Bk.

Turr.II § 30 iKopLaOrjcrav] X, Rauchenstein, Schb. iKopiaOiq

Bk. Turr.|| § 31 ipydt,ea0aL, Kal ouros] SO Rauchenstein, and

this seems to me the best reading of the passage. X has ep-yaêo-ât

avro?, C epydt,€(T6aL avTov war (and SO Bk. reads). Turr. give

ipydt,€a6ai, avTos 8\ Schb. adopts Sauppe's conject., ipydCicrOai,

Kal awos. Dobree inclined to read ipydêaOai war (omitting

C 2



xxxvi SELECTIONS. [Lysias

avTov), but suggested also ipydêaOai, ovTOS 8'.II

[fxtrd tovto

Trpo(rairoyp(i(f>et erepov; idv TroXiTaJv]] interpolated, as Dobree

remarked, from § 56. Bk. and Turr. omit thewords

;^

Schb.

brackets them. || § 32. ri Iv rfj ftovXrj fx/]vvai<; yeyevrjixevrf)] so

Schb., but brackets /xT^Vwts, which Bremi and Cobet would omit^

X has €(/ ry (SovXfi ix-qi'vai'; [X€V >? •yeyevr^/xeVr? : C has iv rfj fSovXfj

fXi^vv<TL<; q yiyevr][xevr], and SO Bk.—Turr. give eV Trj /ôvXy /xr/rvcris

fjiovr] y^ytvqjxivT] : Rauchenstein, iv T-fj IBovXfj fiovy yeyevvj/xe'vr?.

II62. ov yap av oT/iai <t€ eâpvov yeveaOat] ov yap oT/xut ae

€$apvov yeveaOai C : av was supplied by Reiske. Turr., like Bk.,

omit av in the text, but remark in a note that we requirejt, unless

we read y€vi](re(76aL. On the hint of X, which has aAA.* oT/j.at aet$apvov yevicrOai, Schb. gives aAA.' ovk oiftat ere e£apvov av yevecrOuL.

II §33 Î'HÎSMATA] Reiske conject, Turr. Schb.—*HI2MA

niSS. Bk.II § 37 Trjv fxkv iirl ti)v TvpwTTjv, Ti^v Se KaOaipovauv im

rrjv vcTTepav] C, Bk. Turr. X has only Trjv fxcv Ka$aLpovaav irrl

T^v vo-repav, and SO Schb. reads, leaving dots after varepav.—Aldine, ttjv /u,ei/ KaOaipovaav iiri ttjv rorcpav, Tqv hk (Ta>t,ovaav

€7rt TTyj/ TrpoTepav, which Rauchenstein (with Reiske) prints,

but follows Kayser in bracketing as a gloss. || 63. § 40

fieXav re* i/Aotrtov T^pLftaea-ixivri] mss. Bk. Turr. (with the note, ' re

malimus abesse') Schb. (adding dots after 7|/i,îeo-/xeV77, to mark a

lacuna). In his ist edit. Schb. gave jtêAav to instead of jue'Aav

T€.II § 41 Ta aOTOi)] Schb. TO. avTov X.—TO. iavTOV vulg. Bk.

Turr.II

vvlp avTov] Sauppe, Turr. Schb. v-n-ep avrov vulg. Bk.

II § 42 Kvuvl^ KveLv X, Bk.II

64. § 45 a4>eT€povq aijTOJv] Dobree

and Baiter would omit these words : Schb. brackets them.||

TcAevrrycretav] Cobet, Schb. Rauchenstein. nXevT-qa-auv Bk. Turr.

II § 47 OVK €(j)aaav iirtTpiij/aL] V\e must read iTTiTpiij/eLV, or

else insert av before 4'âo-ai/ : cp. above, n. on p. 58 § 15.|| § 48

avTov'; [ry ttoAci] i-môvXevuv^ Dobree proposed to read awos

iin(iovXiv<Mv and omit ry TTo'Aei. He seems right in thinking that

T7J TTo'Aei, here, came in either from the preceding or from the

following clause.—Bk., with Reiske, ttj fSovXrj i7ri/3ovXeveLv.\\

§ 48 Tw TrXrjOeL t<3 v/xeTepw] bracketed by Rauchenstein and Schb.

II65. § 18 Tovs TrapioVra?, rj] bracketed by Schb., with Dobree

and Kayser.||

a7roKpv7rTd/x,eâ] dTVOKpvTrTOixei'oi olofxeBa Sclib. on

his own conjefct.||

§ 20 vTre'Ain-es] Franz conject., Turr. Schb.

a7re'A(7r£s mss. Bk.||

66. § 22 <p)'jaa<; /x' l8e'Lv'\ Reiske conject.,

Bk. Turr. Schb. <jirj? (sic) /at) Selv mss.—^r;Vas p.' ISdv Meutzner,

Rauchenstein : see note, p. 223.||

§ 23 os el] Schb., retaining

o? €1, conjectures ocrw el, which Rauchenstein aciopts.||

ravTrjv

^r]p.Lav^ Turr. Rauchenstein. Tavrrjv tijv l;iip.iav mss. Schb.

ravT-qv [tt^v] ^rjpiav Bk. || § 25 unnrep Kal t?}i' dXXrju oucrtai/]

Sclib. and Rauchenstein insert kol rrjv TraTpt'Sa after wairep. Kayser

had ])roposed to insert rrjv TrarpiSa (without koI).\\

iinixeXov-

fxevov;] X, C, O, Turr. Schb.

—eVi/xEAo/xeVous Bk.

II

67.§ 7

ol/j-at] otjxaL 8i.lv Schb., from the epitome, or. xi. § 3. ||[avr-



LysiasJ on the text. xxxvii

iKTova,<jL Tivas Kttt avSpocfiovoL Twv avTwv eiwt, koi octolJJ Dobree

suggested the insertion of these words, comparing or. xi. § 3.

Turr. and Schb. print them in brackets. Sauppe remarks'

t<3vavTiov hie abesse maUra.'

||

yap aV] ai' is added by Turr. (com-

paring or. XI. § 4) Schb.|| § 9 ouSeV crot /xeAeiv] /xe'Aetv Stcphanus,

Turr. ovSiv crot jue'Aet C, Bk. [X has ju-eAAei).—ovSeV /xot ûeAct

Schb., placing all from ov8ev to dirojSe/SXrjKiiai inclusive between

inverted commas. But the clause ov8e yap to ovto Io-tl plxpaL

Kol ttTTOySe/JAr^Ke'iat is clearly, I think, part of the speaker's ownargument, not a remark supposed to be made by Theomnestos.

II68. § 12. ovKovv aroTTOV av elr] tov So'tctvra /creii/ai cfxicrKovra*

avSpocjiovov ilvai, on o Siwkwv, cJs €KT€tve, tov ^(.vyovra * Stw/xoo-aro.]

So the mss., except that So'âvra is Reiske's certain correction of

Setâvra. Some infinitive has dropped out : the notion required is

either 'to seek acquittal' or 'to acquit.' Bk., with Reiske, inserts

[ttTToêuyetv] after KTelvai. Schb. indicates by dots a lacuna

after etr], and thinks, with Foertsch, that we should supply

dcfieLvai. Turr. print the reading of the mss. as given above,

with the comment ' vel dnocfievyeLv vel d(lidvai deesse certum

est.' I like aTroff^cvyeiu better than aêiiâi, but should prefer

aTToXoyeio-âi to either. I also think that tov (pevyovTa shouldstand immediately after etrj, and that the toi' before Soâvra should

be omitted. All would then be clear :~ovkovv aro-n-ov av drj tov

(f)evyovTa, 80'âi'Ta KTelvat, aTroXoyeladaL (fxiuKOVTa dvSpocfjovov eliai,

OTi 6 SiWKWv, COS eKT€LV€, Sno/xocraTO. Sec UOte, p. 2 26, \\ ovSev iv

Tw vofxiii] iv is suppHed by Markland, Turr. Schb. : omitted,

with the mss., by Bk.||

§ 13 ovkovvI ovk ovv (interrogative) X,

Schb., who compares or. xi § 6, ttws ovv ov Betvov...;||

Sir] o-e

Turr. Schb. Serj ae Markland. Seijcrrj mss. Bk.||

Xafx^dvetv*'

mss. Turr. Schb.—Xa/xûVei? Taylor conject., Bk. || § 14 wctt'

ovk] ware ovk X, Schb.||

Kai fxoi Markland, Turr. Schb. KaiToi

mss. Bk.II § 15 aXAa vw] aAXd vvv y Reiske, Bk.

|| 69,

§ 16. ttoSokoikkt;] TToSoKaKYj X, C.II

TreVTc] SeVa X, C. But ttcVtc

is confirmed by the voiio'i in Dem. or. xxiv § 105, -n-ivO' -qp-ipas. KaX

vvKTa^ to-a?. Sauppe proposed to insert koI vvKTa<; iVas here after

TOV TTo'Sa.IIavTo] so Harpokration s.v. ttoSokcikkt;, Turr.—TauTo Schb.

on his own conject. avrrj mss. Bk.||

§ 17 tou'twv to /xev] Bk.

Turr. TovTo TO X, Schb. rovrutv to mss.||

o'/xoVavTa] Harpokr.

s. v. iinopK-qcravTa, Turr. Schb.—o;u,o'o-at mss. Bk.II

aTTtXAeiv]

ftTTeiAXetv X.II

§ 18 Toi;rt] mss. Bk. Turr. tovtovI Markland,

Schb.II

§ 19 7roAoi}fTat...7roAero-ât] TrwAoiJi/Tai . . . TTCoAeto-ât X.

IIoo-at Bl...Kal 01x1705... oiêtAeti/] Bk. prints the whole as a single

citation : Taylor pointed out that two different laws are quoted,jj

01K170S Ktti fiXdjSr]'; Trjv SovXyjv eivat d(êiAeiv] SO mss. Bk. Turr.

The obvious correction 8ovXr]';...(3Xdf3r]v is made by Schb.; but

etvai, if not interpolated, went with something which is now lost.

H. Schelling conjectured /cat 01x1705 /SAaîys Trjv BlvXyjv cTvat

6(l>etXeLy. \\ 70. § I To-u'rw] tovtuiI Schb., comparing tovtovi in



XXXVIU SELECTIONS. [Lysias

§ 9 : so in or. iii^5 4 Cobet and Schb. 2iV'*"' oi;rocrt for 2('/xoji/

ovros.II § 3 '\-mvoQwvTilC\ Sauppe, Turn Schb. Rauchen-

Stein.

—'In-7ro6'ooJi'TtSt mss. Bk.

||71. § 6 ytyi'OJO-Kot] yivwo--

Koi X, Schb.II § 9 e/AapTup7;<T€v] i/xapTvpeTo Rauchenstein,

with Westermann, i.e. 'called witnesses,' 'protested.' The objec-

tion urged against ifxapTvprjaeu is that Nikomedes could not bear

witness in his own cause. But (as Schb. justly says) iixapTvprjcrei'

refers to the statement noticed in § 7, where the words els 8e rts

indicate Nikomedes. The aor. should be rendered by our plu-

perf, 'had testified.' jrapi^civ] -napaûv Schb., with Cobet and

Kayser. But see above,note to p. 60 § 23, and below, pp. 216, 231.

II § 10 avrtypa^^s] Turr. Schb. avnyponj/e.ui'i

C, Bk.—X,ace.

tOKayser, has avTiypS. (sic).

||72. § 11 ayoi yj âa-Kwi'] so mss.

Turn: 77, which C omits, is printed in brackets by Bk.—(efatpotro)

Tj (€ts SouXetW) ayot <jio.aKO)v Reiske conject. : and Schb. now gives

[iâipolro] rj ayoi <pd(TKOiv. So Sauppe conjectures, but with

a^tttpotTo.—Franz proposes r) £19 SovX^tav ayoi (jidaKwv : Stephanus,

dyoi rj (fidaKOi. This last would be best, as it is simplest, but

for one drawback. dyeiv eU SovXetav is correct, but hardly

dyeiv €is ikivdepLuv. The regular phrase was affiaipela-OaL or

iâLpcladai ets iXevOepMv, vindicare in libertatem. || § 13 8oât

av vfuu IIAarateus eivai] X, Turn Schb.—So'ât dv vfuv cleat

nXaraiei)? vulg. Bk. || 73. § 15 wKet CKei] €K£t, supplied by

Markland, is given by Bk. and Turn in brackets, by Rauchenstein

and Schb. without them. ||tovtihv vjjuv] vplv is omitted by Bk.

ISOKRA TES.

The smooth style and lucid syntax of Isokrates favoured a

pure tradition of his text. But his very popularity with the gram-

marians and rhetoricians brought in a mass of interlinear or mar-

ginal glosses. The citations by Priscian and Stobaeus, whousually agree with our inferior mss., show that this had happened

before the sixth century. Coming after Jerome Wolf and Koraes,

Immanuel Bekker restored the text to comparative soundness.

He used five mss., viz. (i) codex Urbinas iii,r: (2) Vaticanus

936) A: (3) Lalurentianus 87. 14, © (13th century). These three

belong to the same family, and have oration xv. entire. (4) Vati-

canus 65, A: (5) Marcianus 415, g : these two, again, are from

the same archetype, with or. xv. incomplete, r, the best of all

the mss., was Bekker's chief guide.

Baiter and Sauppe follow r, in their own words, ' even more

constantly than Bekker did.' But at the same time they recog-

nize that the true reading is often preserved only by a ms. which

was not among his five,—codex Ambrosianus O. 144, E, collated

in on XV. by A. Mustoxydes, in the rest partly by Melchior Ulrich,

]'artly by Baiten The readings of E were given in full by G. E.



ISOKRATES] ON THE TEXT. xxxix

Benseler in his 2nd edit. (1S54—55). Benseler thus sums up the

difference between the Zurich edition and his own. ' Baiter and

Sauppe's first rule was—'follow the Urbino ms. (r)': my rule is

' follow the usage of Isokrates, even when something else is sup-

ported by r.' ' By ' the usage of Isokrates ' Benseler meant that

author's theory of composition so far as it can be inferred from

his own recorded precepts or from the statements of ancient

writers. Thus, as Isokrates is said to have ruled (j^wpija'Ta fx-rj

avfjurLTTTuv, Benseler says—

' when, therefore, in the writings of

Isokrates a hiatus remains [/. e. when a word ending with a vowel

immediately precedes a word beginning with one] the passage is

corrupt, or not Isokratic' Such logic is dangerously rigid : when,

on the other hand, a general conception of the writer's st3de is

made to overbear the mss., the process becomes dangerously lax.

A new edition of Benseler has lately appeared (1878—79) under

the revision of F. Blass, who regards E as not much inferior to r.

He has amended Benseler's readings in about 300 places, but has

usually followed him in details of form (e.g. av or idv, -qZwa^jL-qv or

iSvidfjLTjv), even where he did not agree with him.

The questions on which the more recent editors of the text

differ are now principally of this last kind e.g. SeKaSapxâ or

S€/<ap;^6a, KvXti/SelcrOaL or KaAivSeicrât, fxeyaXocfipoveLV or yueya

(ftpoveiv—or else concern the order of words; not many graver

difficulties remain.

Bens. = Benseler, Bl. = changes made in Benseler's text by F.

Blass, the reviser of the new edition (Teubner, 1878—79), As

before, Bk. = Bekker's Berlin edit, Turr. = Baiter and Sauppe.

74. § 15 to£t'J E, Turr. BL—tovto Bk.||

Sevrepov 8e tw

/xeT exEtvoi', Tpirov fie Kat Tiraprov Tois aAXots] vulg. Bk. Turr.

8evTip(oSe to

(jut CKetvoTptVo) 8k

koITerdpTia kol tois aAAots, Bens,

with r, except that r has t<2 per £Ke^^'ov, which Bl. gives.||

§ 16 KpLvaifxev^ Stobaeus, Koraes, Bens. KpLvoifiev r, Bk. Turr.

Bl.II

75. § 17 auras] bracketed by Bl.||

§ 18 ^tAon/xtas]

<^tAoi/U6as Bl. with Stob. 47. 14.||

ySeATto-Tu] Ta liiXTuna Bens.,

with Stob.II § 20 8uo-/xeva)s] r, E, Turn Bens.—Trpos aAAr;Aovs

Svcr/xevcus vulg. Bk.||

76. § 22 of^drjvai] (Ôrjvai Koraes conject,

Bens.II

§ 24 Twv 'EAAt^Vcov] twv aAAwv Bens, on his own conject.

IITwv 'AîjvatW'] omitted by r, E, Bens., with Baiter's assent. ||

77. § 54 y^'^ p-iT^-ôvTwy. . .7] TovTiMv cKacTTov] Cp. Lucian Charid.

26, Toji' pXv 7} SLKaLoa-vvTjs 7] o"o^tas y] di/Speias jx^Te^ôvTUiv TroAAa rts

til/ evpct Tip-MfJiiva /xaAAov, twv Se TavTrj'i Trj<i iSea? KeKOLVwvrjKOTUiV

/JcAtiov eanv evpetv ovSev, wairep 8r] /cat twv p-rj iX€T€(T)(r]K6Twv arip-o-

Tepov ouSsV. So loose a transcript from Isokr. afi'brds no ground for

the changes which have been proposed here on the strength of it,

viz. to omit p-rj before p.€T€)(6vTwv, or to omit rj tovtwv eKacrrov.

Lucian' s p.€Tea-x7)K6T(i>v suggests, however, that he had pi€Te(Txr]Kev

(the reading of our inferior mss.) instead of /îfreo-xcv in § 54. ||

78. § 47 twv (PoLViKwv] ^QivLKwv Aldlue, Bens. || 79. § 50 koi



xl SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

Trept Trlv a\\r]v\ Kol Ti!>v inpX tt/v uXXtjv A, Bens.||

80. § 4 ovk

av qix4>i(rPrjTr](Tav ws ovk\ A, E, Z, Turr. Bens. T]ixc}>eaft7]Tr](Tav T,

Bk.—

'Dele ovk,' Dobree, rightly: see note p. 247. Bl. brackets

OVK.II

81. § 9 Twv juio-^wv] A, E, mg. r, Turr. Bens. tov ixiadov

vulg. Bk.II

82. § 13 Ktti TOV Katvws €xeiv] E, Bk. Turr. Bl. (who

brackets ex^tv).~-Kal KaLvw<; 'ixîv T, A (acc. to Bk.), Bens. (1873).||

83. § 16 7rapa8o3] E, Turr. Bens.—TrapaStSw vulg. Bk.||

/xr|at]

Turr. Bl.—/xiâtBk. fXiâaOat vulg. Bens.||

zaâi] Bk. Turr.

Bl._Tf;4-aa-ât r, A, E-, 0-, Bens.||

84. § 19 epyov ^v Ae'yav]

Dobree would omit Xiyew.\\

85. § 21 Trpos dp^Trjv o-oj(^pocnj'i/7/i/

uu KOI SiKaiocrvvrjv] Bk. Turr. Bl. dperijv av Koi htKaioavv-qv Bens.,

comparing or. XV. § 274 (below, p. 86).||

86. § 273 rats V^^*'-

pais] 0, Turr. Bl. Kal rais vjxi.Tepai<; vulg. Bk. (who proposed to

omit Kal).II

§ 274 7r€(f)VK6(TLV dpeTTjv evepyaaatT av Kal 8LKaL0<Tvvr]v^

TrecfiVKocnv with 0, Bk. Turr. Bens.—TreûKoVt 7rp6s dpcji)v ivepyda-aLT

ilv Kal diKaioavvrjv mss. (e, Tre^rKoViv Trpos') Bk., who, in retaining

7rpo9, ought to have omitted the kuI before 8iKaLoavvr]v. BL, read-

ing 7recf)VKO(TL Trpo?, inserts {€r(x)(ppo(rvvr]v), with Orelli, after dperyjv.

II§ 275 eVt^D/x^/'o-etav] 0, Bens. lTn9vjJirj(rai€v Bk. Turr. Bl.

II

§ 277 T-qv avrrjv eêt TavTTjv^ ravrrjv 0, Bk. Turr. Bl. TavTYj T, A,

Bens.II

87.§ 278

Trd6i.Lv nvas] Bk. Turr. rivd<; is omittedby

r, Bens.II

ocro)] o(T(iiTr(.p Bens.||

§ 280 e^' a>] e(^' wTTcp Bens.

II§ 281 TrAeoo-tv] mss. Bk. Turr.—TrXetWu' E, 0, Bens,

||88.

§ 283 Tots oi'o/xacrii/] T (ist hand) Turr. Bens.—rots dio/xacriv Iv Ty

SiaXcKTU) vulg. Bk.II

§ 284 7rA.eovcKT€ti/] r, Bk. Turr. wXeoveKTL-

Kovs A, E, 0, Bens.||

at irepl twv aya^wr] mss. Bk. Turr. Bens.

oiTrep Twv dyaOwv Dobree COnject., Bl.|| § 285 a/xeXr/travres toijs

Ttt TOLavra fxavOdvovTa<; Kal p,€\eTa)VTas] r, A, E, Bk. Turr. The

gen. is required after djxeX-qaavTf.'i : we cannot compare such a

passage as Eur. Ion 439, 6v7](TKovTaq ap.eAet, 'recks not that theydie,' where dfxeXei — wepiopa. Dobree thought that d[JieX-rjcravTe<;

was an interpolation arising from a/xeXoSvras just above. dixeXiq-

crai/TC? iTratvelv toi)?, k.t.X. 0, Bens.—avreXacravTes tow?, k.t.X., con-

ject. Sauppe. He also proposed ao-cXyT^'o-avres cs tou?.—dpaX-rjaav-

T£s TOV Tci ToiavTa fxavOavciv Kal ixeXerdv conject. Baiter.—Bake and

Havet would omit d/xeX-^'cravTes and in its place read simply ov.

Following them, Bl. now gives ('quamvis dubitanter') aXX' ov

Tous, K.T.X.II f 89. § 287 StttTpt/Jovcn] Turr.—8iaTpt'ôuo-tv Bk.

Bens. II § 289 iv Tavrats /xev toTs ct/c/xai?. . .Twy tt^Xikoutwv] Dobreewished to read iv fxlv Tats (or iv Tats /xev) aK/aat?, and to omit t»;Xi-

KovTwi/.—€7' aiiTats p.€i' Tats aKjuats 0. || § 290 fxrj cnr€vSei.v p,7ySe

^T/Tcti'] jUT^Se Baiter, Turr. Bl. /xt^tc mss. Bk. jxtj airevSeiv koI

^qreiv Bens.II

90. § 293 Cwcov] r (ist hand), Turr. Bens.

t,u)<x)V Si-qveyKC Vulg. Bk. || 91. § 295 Tcts Totauras*] mss. Bk.

Turr. Bens.—Ta TotaSra Havet, Bl. See note, p. 260.||

§ 297rj eyw] 7^'yoj Baiter conject, Bens.

||aXX' r]] aXX' i) Bens.

||

§ 298 Ta Trept tov Tro'Xepor] Bk. omits Tct, peril, by a mere oversight.

II7rot7;fr€Te] Baiter, Turr. Bens. TroLTJa-ijTe 0. Troi-qa-ea-Oe mss. Bk.



IsoKRATEs] ON THE TEXT.

II92. § l6o o -n-apwv Katpo9, ov ovk d(f)eTiov] T (ist haiN^J^l?*

Turr.—d Trapwv Katpo?, ov o-acêWepov owSeV. ov ou/c afftereov "E^T Q J-.-v^^

Jiv.

(corrector), Bens.||

93. § i6i twv iÔpwy twi' eKeivov] Bk.^

''wiNi^.^^

Turr. BI. twv IxOp^v cKeLvov T, Bens. || 94. § 165 iKelvot fj.eu

ovv] ovv is omitted by r, E, Bens. || § 168 rots avrwv tSi'ois]

avTwv Turr. Bens.— avrwv Bk. || 95. § 171 iêo-TrjKoo-L] Bk. Turr.

Bl.—eêoTUJO-i Bens.II

96. § 173 wc^cXetas] E, Bens.—w</)€Xtas

r, Bk. Turr.—^tX/as vulg.||

§ 175 ws d /xev] E, Turr. Bens.

wore vulg. Bk.il

176 /XTjSe [XLav] Sauppe, Turr. Bens. ixrjSefxiav

Bk.II

97. § 177 TTJv avTwv t'x^"'] «^Twv Turr. Bens. iavrwv

Bk.II § 178 wcnrep wep] E, Turr. Bens.—ws vwep Bk.

|| § 179

rrjv tot) âcriXews] tt/v [tov] jSacrtXews Bk. || Trpds ai'^pojTrousJ Bk.Turr. Bl.—-n-pd? toijs av^pwTrovs Bens.

||§ 180 KaTaOetvat] T, E,

Turn Bens. dvaOeLvaL Bk.||

98. § 182 o-rpareia] Koraes,

Bk. Turr. Bens. arparLa mss.||

ayetv] r, E, Turr. Bens.—ayeiv /JouAofteVois Bk.

||§ 183 7ro\Xa;i(>7] E, Koraes, Turr. Bens.—

TToWa-xôv vulg. Bk.II

99. § 185 Ti's yap ovtw; t] i/e'os ^7 TraAaid?

pa'û/x.os] mss. Bk. Turr. Bens.—rts yap ovtws tÂiîos [r/ TraAatds] ^pa.6vfxc<; eanv conject. E. Mehler (ed. Panegyr. Areopag. 186

1),

following Hirschig. Bl. thinks that, if anything should be ex-

punged, it is paû/xo9. II § 81 Trjv Tvpavviâ KTrycrayu.ei'ov] V, Bk.

Turr. Tov TTJv TvpavviBa KTrjadfx€vov E, Bens. But see note, p.

275.II

100. § 82 KaAtvSor/xeVotq] E, Z, Bens. KvXLi'SovixevoL? T,

Bk. Turr.||

koI tois aAAois "EAAijcrt] E, Bens.—7015 "EAAtjcti Bk.

Turr. Bl.||

§ 83 kol wi'] r, E, Bk. Turr. kuI -n-epl wv Bens.||

Tore o-u/x/JouAevo-o/xev] Bk. Turr. Bens. Tore fioL Sok(I) crvfxjSovXeveLV

(Koraes o-v/x/SovXevcreLv) vulg. before Bk.||

101. § 88 toi)?

dp^ws /SovAeuop-eVoi;?] T, E, Turr. (comparing £j>. ix. § 14) Bens.

Tou dp^cos lôvXevofxivov Vulg. Bk.||

Trpds /SacrtAea TrdAe/ôv] so

Turr. Bens., with E in £/>. ix. § 14, where this whole passage from

£cr;;^€ yap SlttoLs eiridvfXLa? down to eveo-rojcr7;s recurs nearly verbatim.

Trpds TOU )8aa-iAea TrdAep.ov E (here), F (here), Bl. TOV Trpds jSaaiXea

TToXefxov Z, Bk.—Trpds fSacrtXea tou TroXefxov T in £j>. IX. § 1 4.||

8iaAAa|i7 Tts Toi)s "EAATjvas] ns is added from £j>. ix. § 14 by Turr.

Bens. : omitted by Bk.||

ei'to-Two-T^s] Bk. Turr. Bens. iveaTt]-

Kmas Bens.||

102. § 92 KaracrKevdo-ao-OaL] T, E (corrector),

Turr. Trapaa-Kevdcraa-Oai E (ist hand), Bk. Bens.||

103.§ 94

yjv TTOV cr^dSpa] E, Bk. Turr. yjv o-TrdSpa r, Bens.II § 95 BcKap-

Xtas] E, A. Bens.—SeKaSapxtas T, Bk. Turr. See note, p. 280.||

Svcrp.ei'eo-TaTovs] after this word Koraes added cTôi', which Bens.

adopted, but in the new edit, of Bens. (1878) Bl. omits it.||

104. § 100 avTw] bracketed by BL, with Dobree.||

§101 yap

dcjieia-T7]K€L ftei'] jJ-iv yap a<êicrT7;Ket [xev Bl. on his own COnject. jj

105. § 102 vauTiKw] Tw vavTiKM Bens.II

106. § 57 yevop-eVois]

r, Bk. Turr. Bl. yeyevrjfxivoL'? vulg. Bens, (ist edit.).|| § 59 tu

ixkv yap aAAa] T omits aAAa, and SO Bens. (2nd edit.) : Bl. replaces

it.II

107. § 63 8' iuovTwv] Bk. Turr. BL—8' ovrwv T, Bens.—Sc

ovrwv E.II

eVayayoiTo] T (corrector), E, Bk. Turr. liraydyoi T



xlii SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

(ist hand), Bens. || aurou?] r, E, Turn Bens.—auVoOs v/x«s vulg.

Bk.II

TCt lUaia. 7re/jt i]\t.Civ\ 0, Bk. Turr. —rt Trepi tJ/awi/ Slkulov

T, E, Bens.||

108. § 121 oldTrep] Bk. Turr. BL—oTrep r, E,

Bens.II

§ 122 (i Kttl] r, E, Turn— Kal vulg.^Bk. Bens.^

|| J 1^23

TttS <f>vyd^ Tus eVt t<Zv Tvpdvvojv] Bk. Turn—ras (ftvyd^ kol ras vtto

Twi/ TVptti'i'wi' r, Bens.II

8 125 et'Sat/xovas] Bk. Turn Bl.—evSat-

IxofevTipov; T, E, Bens.—euSa/./xoi'cO-raTor; Sauppe conject.II

109.

§ 126 dvT]yay€v] T, E, Turn—avT^Vey/cev Bk. Bens.II § 128 TTpoa-

rayixdrwy] Trpay/xarwv T, Bens. (2nd edit). ||110. § 131 avTol

8ui'ao-reL'oi;o-ti'] avTol is omitted by r, E, Bens.; but we should

certainly retain it. It points the contrast between the power

which these men winfor themsehes and the misery which they

inflict on others.|| § 54 jU-TjSe 7reipao-6lat] ^t^'tc Swao-ât /^tjtc

7r€tpttC7i9ttt] r, E, Bens.||

111. § 54 /^^/ê /xtav] Sauppe, Turn

Bens. ix'ijSeixtav Bk.|| § 56 eVrtv] iaTi Bk.

|| § 36 eTriTt^îfo-ete]

€7rtTi/xryo-£tei/ Bk.||

112. § 37 Iv avTois] Bk. Tum ev rau'rats T,

Bens.II § 38 TOLovTov /xi'T^/xetov] Bens. tolovto T, Bk. Turn

ToaovTov mss.II

113. § 41 Tovs Sk KaAws] Bens, (on his own

conject. ?) gave tovs 8' ao-tâXws : Bl. replaces the vulg.||

TreTrat-

Seti/xeVoi;?] Bk. Turn Bl.—Ti-aiSeuo/AeVors r, Bens.||

C^/xtas eâp.ap-

rdveti'] After Cv^/xias the mss. (except r) insert (SuvXya-eaOai, whichis bracketed by Bk., and omitted by Turn Bens.

|| § 43 hajxaa-

drjvai] Turn, who say that r (ist hand) has it. Ace. to Bk., the

first two syllables of the word in T have been corrected ; the first

seems to have been Xv or Sa, the second, /xao-. naiSivOrjvaL r

(corrector), and so Bk. Bens.^—I should prefer yvjxvaa-Orji'ai.\\

tTTt/xeXctuis] Bk. conject.. Turn—eVtîi/xtats r, Bk. in text :cV

lTTL9vjXLaL<i mss. yvp.vaaLaL'i Bl. on his own conject.|| § 43

i\ev9ep(xii\ Bk. Turn—£Aeu6'eptojs E. Mehler, Bl.||

/u,€yaXo<^pov£^^]

Bk. Turn fiiya (j^poveiv Cobet, Bl.

—See note, p. 304. || § 44Tot? aVoptas fxh'] T, E, Turn Bens.—ras p-ev aTroptas vulg. Bk.

II

114. § 45 Trepi T?}v tTTTriKT/i/] T, Bk. Tum—TTCpt T£ ImriKTJv mss.

TTtpt T£ Trju tinTLKr]v BLII § 47 fjLrjSeiJiLa] Bk. conject. (r, ist hand,

p.-QTe p-ia), Turn Bens. p.riT€ (rjp.ia vulg., Bk. in text.||

116.

§ 53 vovvexovTox;] Bk. vovv exdvrws Turn (with Baiter and Panegyn

p. 25) Bens.II

cfiLXoveLKiwv] ^tXoviKtojv Bens., with Baiten||

I 54 T?j ttoAec TTOLOvaiv] Bk. Tum Bl. TrepLTTOLovai Trj TToXei vulg.

TTJ TToX^L Ttepnrotbvcnv Bens.||

117. § 18 Ilacruos Iidpov\ T, E,

edd. : Tracriv ovs iTapwv {irapov) the Other mss.II

§ 20 Toa-ovTov\

Bk. Turr. -toluvtov r, E, Bens. ||otKfious] oiKEra; r, Bens. :

B-1. reijlaces the vulg. || § 21 elprjfieva £crTiv] elprjp.ev iarlv Bl.

elprj/jLaa ravT io-rlv, Q, Bens.||

118. § 23 £ojpcov] Koraes

conject, Turn opiov mss. Bk. Bl. I cannot think that 6pm'

derives any confirmation from the fact that Priscian (xviii. § 174)

has it, since Priscian, like Stobaeus, sometimes agrees with the

manifestly corrupt readings of the inferior mss. Here opwv is

surely a mere blunder.|!

ipiavTov] avTov Bens.||

ieur]'5 Se]

Turr. (E, t^'ois Se)—Se ^cVijs Bk. Bens.|| § 24 iTreSHidix-qv] mss.



IsoKRATEs] ON THE TEXT. xliii

Bk. Turr. iv€7re8eL^dfjLr]v Priscian xviii. § 174, Bens. iveêi^dixrjv

Koraes conject || 119. § 24 /x-fjvas ok] r, E, Turr. Bens.—Se

/x^vas Bk.II

§ 25 i;7re/xevey] T, Bk. Turr. Bens. vTre/xeLve W,vvreixeivev Bl.

||ij 27 dSaKfjvTovs] Bk. Turr. Bens. dSaKpvTl g,

and so in or. XIV. § 47, all the mSS. orSe/xiav rjixipav dSaKpVTl 8ta-

yo/x,ev (aSaKpvTei E). || Ste'AiTrev] SteActTrcv Bens. || § 2 vovv€)(OV-

Tws] Bk. vovf ixoiTo><; Turr. Bens.||

120. § 3 ovSe yap] r, E,

Turr. Bens. ov ydp Bk.||

crvjxcjjepciv ov8k TrpeVeiv] Bk. Turr.

CTWfKêpov ovSe TrpeVov ecrrt T, Bens. Ace. to Bl, three letters seem

to have been effaced in r after ovp.(^lpe.Lv ouSe.|| § 4 8o|a^€ts] r,

Bk. Turr. Bens.—Soâêtv Bl. on his own conject.|| nixdv tc] re

is added by E, Turr. Bens.—Ti/xav Bk. || § 5 ojs ear] Bk. Turr.

wcrav r.—w?, dv Bens.||

121. § 2 Trpoeo-rojo-as] T, Bk. TurnBl.—7rpoe;(oi;cras vulg. Bens.

||VTrovonvcrL] T (corrector), E,

Koraes, Bk. Turr. Bl. lirevoovfjuqv mss. (codex Matthaei eVtvooOo-t).

—VTrevoovjJirjv Bens.|| § 3 ovt iu Katpw] ovS" iv Kaip^ Sauppe

conject, comparing £p. i. § 8, koi fxrjv ovK uKutpcog, k.t.X.\\ § 4

ccTTt Se] €aTi Bk. Turr. Bl.—eorat r, E, Bens.—eVt Se mss.II

122.

ovTwv] Turr. (comparing or. v. § 135, tous 8e 7rpo9 aAAo n twv ovtiov

d-irX-qaTUJ'; SiaKeifxevovi) Bl. SeovTwv T, E, Bk. Bens.|| § 5 virap^d-

ar7]'i' "* cvSev ydp ecrrat Aoittov ert TrXrjv Oedv yeveaOai.*] The clauseov8ev...yev€(r6ai is wrongly placed after wapfao-r/?. It ought to

stand a few lines higher up, immediately after TrpoaraTTT/s. Dobreesaw this, and Turr. assent, though they leave the vulg. in their

text. Bl. makes the transposition in the new edit, of Bens.

(1879).

/SA£OS.

The British Museum ms., codex Crippsianus A, already cited

for Antiphon and Andokides, is the best for Isaeos, as it is also

for Lykurgos and Deinarchos. Besides A, Bekker had five other

mss. Three of these five have already been mentioned in relation

to Antiphon and Andokides—Laurentianus jB (the second-best for

Isaeos), Marcianus Z, Vratislaviensis Z The other two were very

inferior,—Ambrosianus A. 99, J^, and Ambrosianus D. 42, Q.

Bekker dismissed P after or. i ; he used Z, which closely resembles

Z, only in i. and in. : Q contains only i. and 11. Thus for or. iv.

and the eight following orations he consulted only three mss. A,

j5, Z. G. F. Schomann had no further apparatus for his edition

(1831), except a Paris ms. i? which had been collated for him in

part of or. i. He had, however, examined the Aldine much more

carefully than Bekker, and not without some gain. Schomann

followed Bekker's text as a general rule, but altered his readings

in some sixty places, for reasons which he gives either briefly in

his critical notes or more fully in his excellent commentary, where

his unsurpassed knowledge of Attic law is so fruitfully brought to



xliv SELECTIONS. [Isaeos

the illustration of his author. Baiter and Sauppe profited by a

new collation oi A, and of Burneianus 96, M, which Dobson had

givenin vol.

4 ofhis edition (1828).

CScheibe, in the Teubner

Isaeos (i860), made it his special aim to complete the work of

predecessors by restoring the distinctively Attic forms of words.

The mss. of Isaeos have some forms which can be at once re-

jected, such as oi>6'eis, icfiopea-av, etc., but they have also some

others on which critics are divided. Scheibe performed a delicate

task with much tact and judgment. Thus he corrected the mss.

by writing such forms as r}yyva for iveyva, o-vyKaray-qpaa-av for

(TvyKaTayr]pa(raaav, yiyvidOai for yLveaOat, Se'St/xev for 8eSia/xev, etc.

On the other hand he followed the consent of the Isaean mss. inretaining such forms as AtâioyeVryv (instead of -17), cj>avrj(T()fxat

(not (jyai'ovixaL) ; and he also deferred to the mss. in cases where

the question might be considered open, as when he refrained from

altering EtAr/ûtas into ELVet^vta?, <^parepes into ^paVopes.

Schom. = Schomann, Schb. = Scheibe. As before, Bk. = Bekker's

Berlin text, Turn = Baiter and Sauppe.

124. § 9 a ALKaioyevY]?'] a Reiske conject., editors : jj mss.

IIa0etA.ero 8e Kal] Se /cat Reiske, Turr. Schb.—[Se kol] Bk.

Schom. KOL mss. || § 10 tovtwv ye*] ye Dobree conject.—TovToii' T€ mss. Bk. Schom. Turr. tovtojv rot Schb. on his

own conject. He had formerly proposed tovtmv rore.—Cp. note,

p. 329.II § II Tov KrJTTOv €Tron](raTO Trpos rfj avrov ot/ct'a] Dobree

would omit t6v. Rather read kyjitov iirot-rjaaro tov Trpos (as Schb.

too conjectured), or tov ktJttov liroirja-aTO Tov 7rpo5.II

Tptj8o>vta]

Tpij3u}va Schb., with Cobet : but see note, p. 330. ||125. § 12

AtKatoyfVjjv] so Aldine, Schom. Schb. (and in § ;^;^).—AtKaioyivrj

A (and in § 2)Zicontrary to the otherwise uniform preference of

the Isaean mss. for the accus. in y]\), Bk. Turr., though Sauppeapproves the form in -'r]v.

||§ 14 8e Ka.Q(]yovixi.voi\ Se 016^'

T^youp-cvot Baiter conject.—S' w a;/8pes T^'yot'/xei'ot Sauppe conject.

But see note, p. 331. || § 15 i(âvr]crav\ aTreâvTyorav Schb., with

Dobree.||

TrdXai ttoXAw, 7}8' va-repov] Turr. and Schb. wish to

place TToAAw either immediately before or immediately after vaT^pov.

but see note, p. 332. ||126. AiKaioyevov? tovtov] for tovtov

Schb. gives tovtovI, on his own conject.||

§ 16 afxcftoLv Se]

ajxiôiv 877 Reiike conject.|| § 18 ouros koX wfxoXoyu TTOLfjo-eL]']

ojTocri Kai TTou/o-etv, Schb. on his own conject.—Sauppe wouldread either ouros Troty'ia-ew or else oj? w/xoXoyei TrotJô-etv. I should

prefer ws w/xoAoyet Kai Trou/creu', i.e. 'that, as he covenanted, hewould also do:

\\127. HAcoâei;'?] Schom. Turr. Schb.—

IIAwTteus vulg. Bk.||§21 ara^t^to-^SryVv/ra] Schom. Turr. Schb.

dvaiL(}iLaf3y]TijTov mss. Bk.||

128. § 22 a w/xoAoyjyo-e Trou'iaeLv]

Reiske would add Kal before Troajo-eu',—rightly: cp. § iS.||

Se'^t/xei/] Cobet, Schb.—SeStap.cv mss. Bk. Schom. Turr.jj

MiKtWal Reiske, Schom. Turr. Schb. MrjKuova A, B (and in §24),Bk. firjWuna Z.

|| § 24 raura to. fiipr]] Dobree proposed to



ISAEOS] ON THE TEXT. xlv

omit these words, and Turr. assent, though they keep them in the

text. Schb. omits them, without remark.|| § 39 fjL-rjrepa rrjv

avTov] for avTov I would read avrov. Schb., on his own conject,gives jxTjTifja rijv tovtov.—Turn propose to omit rrjv. if this were

done, avTov would be the adverb, 'there.'||

EiX>76'Dtas] Turr. and

Schb. prefer EtXei^via?, rightly.||

129. § 42. 'EXevo-u't] 'AXuva-t

Dobree conject., rightly. See note, p. 339. ||'OAvc^tas] Palmer

conject., Schb.—

'OAuo-tas vulg. Bk. Schom. Turr.|| § 44 ei? rryv

iroAiv] CIS TToXiv A., Schb.II

130. § 46 ^0\vv6tot\ Schom. would

read KopLvOioi. I have defended the vulg. 'OXvv6iot in the Affic

Orators, ii. 351. Cp. note below, p. 341.||

§ i NOMOI] added

by Turr. Schb. || 131. § 2 pî-XP^ avei/ztoiv] fj^.^xP'- Turr. Schb. (andbelow, §§ II, 12). In § II J/ ( I St hand) has /xe'xpt (Dobson).

jxexpi'i vulg. Bk. Schom.||

eKXeLirrj, els to yeVos TraAcv] Schom.,

bracketing ets, reads iKXdirrj to ye'i'os, ttoXiv.\\ § 5 'Ayvtov, rj

aSeAîSoGs] rj is added by Taylor, Turr. Schb.—-'Ayvtcu, aSeA<î-

SoGi Bk. Schom.||

132. av Trpo(TrjKoi\ Bk. Turr.- av TrpocrrJKev

Schom. Schb. av Trpoa-rjKrf A : av Trpoa7]KeL £, Z. See note, p.

345. II § 6 7rap€x^(T0aL [xaprvpLas] 7rapix'^<j6aL fxapTvpas Schb.,

with Cobet.||

/xaXXov av cTrto-rcvero] Schb. omits av, with

Dobree and Cobet; Baiter, too, approves : but see note, p. 345. ||

133. § 9 Trepl Twv avTov] irepl rwv avTov Schb., on Baiter's con-

ject.II

§ 10 TWV Trpos Trarpos] twv Dobree conject., Schom. Turr.

Schb. Tov Trpos TTOTpo? mss. Bk.||

134. § 12 ^mt^S' *et kuI

T€TeXevT7]Ko)s 'qv eyoj*] /at^S' et re.Ti.X€.VTr}K6Te.<; tScrtv, w? eyw mss. Bk.

Turr.—Schom., printing this, approves Reiske's emendation, ei

KOL TeTeXevTTjKm w cyco : but, to make this tolerable, we must with

Dobree change <S into ^v.—jxrjh' idv TereAevri^Kcos <S eyw, Schb.

The emendation el— rjv is decidedly better : see note, p. 348.

Sauppe conject. /^r/Se, nav xcAeiirvyK-ores watv, otos cyw, with less

than his usual felicity.||

135. § 15 ovre Sl aXXo oi'Sei/ avTo7<;

ivofxiCov 7rpoa->]K€Lv] mss. editors. For ovts we must at least read

owSe. But the place is corrupt. Schom. 's conject. is the best,

ovSlv Sl aXXo [rj on) ovSev avTols ei/o'/xtôi/ TrpoarjKeiv : see note,

p. 350.II

§ 16 St/catws] Dobree and Schb. would omit this

word. Baiter conject. rjavxl-o^v a-xov Stxai'tus- 01 8' k.t.X. But the

vulgate is sound. The word StKatws concedes that there is a legiti-

mate distinction between the daughter of Eubulides and those

persons who were e|co t'^s ay;i(to-T€ta?.||

§ 16 tw SrpaTtou TratSi]

Tu) ^Tparo/cAeous TratSl Schb., on Schom.'s conject, who himself

gives TO [SrpaTtoi)] TratSt.—Tots %rpaTiov Tratcri Baiter conject.

See note, p. 350. ||y]crav otot tc] Schb. errs in giving rjaav oloi

on his own conject. See note, p. 350. Schom., keeping oloi t€,

quotes Longus IV. 118 (Schaf), otds re rjv 6 TvdOwv jSLaCeaOat, Ta?

êtpas Trpoa(f)epoyv.\\

§ 17 ot Aeyovres to Trepl avTrjs yeVos, iTreiorj

KaT€{pevaavTo'\ Bk. Schom. Schb. XeyovTes, to irepl avTys yeVos

eireiSr] KaTeif/eva-avTO Turr. See note, p. 351.—AeyovTCS virep avTiys,

iTTetSyj TO ye'vos KaTeif/evcravTO Reiske conject. || 136. § 18 ena



xlvi SF.LRCTIO.YS. [ISAEOS

*yf)ail/a<; at/ei/'un') 7r<nâ<; * eu(u., K(LK(Li>a<; i^rjXeyâ ovk ov(Tn<; iv

Tttis dyTîCTTetai?. ovrw? iTreBLKafrdfji.rjv^ I believe that I have

found the remedy for the corruption here in the simple change ofypdil/a<;...7ra't8aq into yp(i\j/<iar]<;. ..TraLOu'i. See note, p. 35^'— ^'^'^

ypanj/a<; dueifiiov Trat? ctiai Ka/<€tVa9 eêXeyfas ovk ovcra^ iv rai?

ayX'0"7-€i'ais, ovrojs iveîKacrdiitp' Schb., Trais for TratSas being his Own

conject.,—cêXe'yta? for i^rjXiyâ (with a comma instead of a full

stop at ayxto-retai?) Reiske's. Sauppe proposes the same, only

with TraiSa fxe instead of ttois.II

§ 19 rii.nKX7]pLov TTpo? 7;/x.tts]

7/V'i? Reiske, Turn Schb.—ij/xas mss. Bk. Schom.||

137. ^ i

ovde yei'o/xei'Tj?] ovSk Reiske, Turr. Sclib. ovt£ (a solecism) mss.

Bk. Schom. || § 2 to re TrXyj6o<;'] re is supplied by Turr. to7rX-fj6o<; mss. Bk. Koi TO irXyOo? Schom. Schb.

||138. § 6 r;

'/xT/i ^, Jy, Turr. Schb.—77 ifj-rj Z, Bk. Schom.||

yp.h y toCtov]

We certainly require yfxlv rj tovVoi?, as Schb. sees : cp. § 45,

TrpocrrJKei v/xlv p-uWov i) Tovrot?.|| § 7 ttjs avrov /xr/Tpos] aurou

Baiter, Turr. Schb. avrov Bk. Schom.||

* re.-Tapa<; ''] TptdKovra

mss. Bk. Sch5m. Turr. Dobree conjectured TiTTapa<;, suggesting

that X' had been written by mistake for S', and so Schb. reads.

Reiske and Sir W. Jones had already proposed to substitute Tpfh

for rpiuKovTa. eytyreo-^r/i'] B, Z, Turr. Schb. yLyicaQif A, whenceBk. and Schom. ytyvicrBov.

\\139. % <) v ov\ 'malim abesse,

Baiter : Schb. brackets them.||

d ^lttov^'] el, which A (rst hand)

omits, is bracketed by Schb.||

§ 11 py OeXi'/aa^^ p./} '6eXyaa<;

Baiter conject.||

140. § 13 toutou 8e cjfjei'yovTos] Turr., on the

conject. of A. Voigtlaender.—Toi'ro7)9 8s (fievyovra? mss. Bk. Schom.

Schb. The two latter indicate a lacuna, which Reiske proposed

to fill up by inserting eVtSctfavre? after cf>e{yovTa<;. Stephanus

conject. a^two'rtVTes et? fâadvov<; eXdeiv tovtov% Srj tov<; c^ci'yovTa?,

which, as Schom. says (p. 386), 'placere nemini potest.'|| § 15 ua

yvwo-ea-Oe] So mss. and editors. The soleci^:m cannot be defended

by Schom. 's plea that there is here ' non solum consilium,... sed

certa rei futurae praedictio.' See note, p. 359. Bk. conject. oU.

II

* Trat'Soiv vle'wi' *] jB, Z, A (corrector), Turr. vUuiv (without

Trat'Swj/) A ist hand.—7ra7r;roi> viewv M, Aldine. irainvov vlhuv

Reiske conject., Bk. Schom. Schb. See note, p. 360.|| § 16

o-uvcTTETt^c/xev] Sclib. On his own conject., rightly.—o-i!veTt^€/x€i/ mss.

Bk. Schom. Tui4.||

141. §17 oSros] Dobree conject., Schb.

atiros mss. Bk. Schom. Turr. See note, p. 361.||

§ 18 /xoVor]

fxuvMv Z, Bk. Schom.|| 19 IliTêojs] Reiske, Bk. Schom. Turr.

Schb.—TTiTews (or TTtVew?) mss.—Sauppe would prefer lltêo)?.|j

142. v$ 24 OU p.rj €1(761 ei; Trjv ot/ct'av] Bk. conject., Turr. Schb.

nv py et'o-nyq ryv oIkmv mss., Bk. in Berlin text, Schom.||

143.

§ 26 KOL iKfjdXXew] K-a', rightly supplied by Schb., is wanting in

mss. and Bk. Turr. Schom.||

§ 27 KaTeTr^TrXyKTo^ Z, Schb. Kara-

TTiTrXyKTai vulg.||

''''

ixiyp.aTo<;*] Schom. on his own conject.,

Turr. Schb. (3i/paTo<s mss. Bk. See note, p.365.

||i^

27•ypvâi] Stephanus conject., Bk. Turr. Schom. ypi$aL Cobet,



ISAEOS] ON THE TEXT. xllvu

Schb. Ipvâi mss.||

§ 28 to. (Iprjîva;] rd €lpr]p.iya [Trpo?

Oewu']; Reiske, quoting Dionys. Z>e Isaeo c. 12, Bk.—Schom.

(p. 391) points out that it is uncertain whether Dionys. is thereciting our passage, or some other of Isaeos ; and that therefore

there is no sufficient ground for adding Trpos QtQ,v.||

144. § 29^Seo-av ; eywye] eywye Dobree COnject.— T/8eo-ai', €yojye Schb.

TgSeo-av. eyoj 8e mss. Bk. Turr. Schom.|| § 31 i^'/S/jcrav] A, Scliom.

Turn Schb. rjfBrjuîav Scaliger conject., Bk. (.[irjaav B, Z.\\

145. § 32 cKyorots] Turr. Schb.—g'yyorot? mss. Bk. Schom.||

§ 34 TavTa ytyi/erat] ravra Dobree and Schom. (p. 395) conject,

Turr. Schb.—TÛa mss. Bk. Sch5m. (in text).||

146. § 36

Kvdv\ Turr. Schb. kv^lv mss. Bk. Schom. || § 37 ra re (âvepa]Tc Sauppe, Turr. Schb. rd ye cfyavepd mss. Bk. Schom. || 147.

§ 40 OVK aw aTTtcTTT^crat Tts] ctTrio-TvycraiT' lo-a)? Schb. On his OWnconject.

IIe'xct] Baiter, Turr. Schb. eTx,^ mss. Bk. ea-x^ Bk.

conject., Schom.|| § 41 SeSojKc] Sauppe, Turr. Schb.—eSw/<e

mss. Bk. Schom.|| § 42 êXAea Se] Turr. Schb.— <ê/\A.ea 8e

[^wpia] arra Bk., thinking ^(wpi'a spurious but drra genuine.

(fieXXia 8k [x"'pt«- arra] Schom., with Harpokration, who seems to

have taken cjyeXXea as ace. sing, of (êWei;?.— êXAea? Se Reiske

conject. (fieXXcdoe >ôjpta arra A, êXXtaSe ^wpta a ra ^, <ôXea

Se ara .2!





fUNIVEESITY]

AN T I (t)Q N.

,>

^

I. TETPAAOriA B. B.

AnOAOriA (t>ONOY AKOYIIOY.

Nui/ St) cjyavepov [jlol otl avTol at avfi^fiopaL Kai

^(peiaL TOv<; re dnpdyfiova'i et? aycuiâ? (/caracrrTyvat)

T0V9 re ijcrv^tov? Tokfxdv to, re aXXa irapa (^xxriv Xeyeuv

Koi Spdv /SidlôpTaL. iyo) yap TjKLaTa tolovtos (hv koX

jSovXq[xevo'? eluai, el (jltj ttoXv ye expevcTfJiaL, vtt avryj's

Trj<; crviJi(jiopd'? "qvayKdcrOrjv napa rov akXov rpoirov

virep Trpayixdrcov diTokoyelcrdai, (hv iyco âXcTrw? jxeu ttju ^j-f^^

dKpiêiav eyvoiv, en 8e diropioTepoi^ Sta/cei/xat ottcu? \pri."-"^'^

vplv epixrjfevcraL ravra. vtto 8e (TKkiQpds dudyKT)'? fiua- 2

ô/xevog, Kol avTos ets top vpêrepov eKeov, d> dvSpeevyd><s Seojaat vficov, edv dKpijSeaTepov

7) CU9 <Tvvr]dei^ Xeyeuv Svuap.evcou ecrTiv, rj he

dkijOeLa Trpos tcov St/cata Kal ocrta irpacraovTOiv.

'ESokovz' /xez/ ow eyoiye raura TratSeuwi' toi^ vtoi/ e^ 3

£jvfidXiCTTa TO KOLVov

cocfjeXelTat, dp.<ôZv ri iqp.1v dyaOov

J.^ I



2 SELECTIONS.

d7ro^T](T€G-9aL' crvfJi/3el3r)K€ Si ixoi iroXv irapd yvcoirqv

TOVTOiv, TO yap fxeLpaKLOv ov^ v^pei ovSe aKokacria,

dWd ixeXercou fxerd tcov i^Xlkov dKOVTil,eiv iv tco yv/x-

vaaio) e/SaXe [leu, ovk (XTreKTeLve 8e ovheua Kara ye rqv

aXriOeiav Siv eirpaêv, dWov S' ets avTOv dixapTovTO^ et?

aKova-LOv; alriaq yX9eu. el fxev yap to olkovtiov eô)

TCOV opoiv Trj<; avTov TTopeta? iirl tov uatSa eêve^Sev

erpcjcreu avrov, ovSet? {av) r\pxv \6yo<^ VTrekelireTO fXT]

4 (fyovevcTLV etvai' tov he TratSos vtto ttjv tov aKOVTiov

<ôpdv vrroSpafJiovTos Kal to croj^xa TrpocrTTjcravTO';, (o p.ev

iK(o\v9r)) TOV (TKOTTOV TV^^V, 6 8e VTTO TO aKOVTLOV VTTe\-

Ocav e^\rj6iq, Kal t-qv alTtav ov)(^ iqp.eTepav ovarav Trpocri-

5â\ev iqp2v. 8ia Se tyjv VTrohpop.rjv /3Xy]0euTO<s tov

TratSos TO pêv pêipaKiov ov St/catft)9 imKaXelTai, ovSeva

yap eâXe twv diro tov (tkottov d(f)e(rT(oTcoi'' 6 Se Trats

eLirep eo-Toi? (fiap€p6<; vplv ecTTi p.'Q IBXrj6ei<;, eKovcrL(o<s

VTTO Tr^v (f)opdu TOV dKovTLOv VTTeX9(DV eTL cra(f)e(TTe-

yoojs SrjXovTaL Sta t'û avTov dpâpTiav a7ro9av(6v' ov

6 yap av e^Xrj9iq dTpep,il,o)v koX p.rj hiaTpeôiV. iAkov-

CTLov Se TOV (jiopov e^ diJi(j)olv vp2v opôXoyovpievov ye-

ve(j9ai, Ik Tr]% a/xayOTtag, OTTOTepov avT^v icTTLV, eTL ye

craêcTTepov av 6 (f)0vev^ eXey^9ei'Yj^ ol tc yap ap,apTd-

vovTe<; oiv av eTTivor^croyci tl Spdcrat, ovtol irpdKTope<s

TCuv dKOvcrtoiv elcriv ol tc eKovcriov ti SpwvTe'^ rj irdcr-

7-vovTes, ovTof TO)v '7Ta9r]p.dTO)v aiTtot ylyvovTai. to p-ev

TOLVvv pieipaKLOv nepl ovSeva ovSev yjpapTev. ovTe yap

direLpiqpievov dXXd 7rpo(TTeTayp.evov eê/xeXeVa, ovTe iv

yvpvat,op.evoi^ dXX' iv ttj Toiv dKovTitôvTOiv Taêi tjkov-

TiQev, ovTe TOV ctkottov dpapTcov, ets tov<; d(fieaTcoTa<;

dK0VTLcra<;, tov 7rat8o5 eTvêv, aXXd navTa 6p9a)<; w?

eTrevoet opcjv eopacre p,ev ovoev aKovaiov, eiTaoe oe ota-



ANTIPHON. '3

K0}\v6ei<i TOV CTKOTTOV Tvêiv. 6 §€ TTat? /SovXojU-czô? 8

TrpoSpaixetv, tov Kaipov ScajxapTMU iv (o oiaTpi)(Oiv ovk

av eTrXrjyy), TrepieTrecrev ot? ovk yjOeXeu, a/covcrtw? Se

dfxapTO)^ eU kavTov otKctat? (TVjX(f)Opai<; Ke)(^prjrai, rrj'?

S' djxapTLa^ TeTi[Ji(opr)[j(.€VO<; kavrov eêi rrju SiKrju, ov

crwqhoiiivoiv fxef ovSe avveOekovToiv 7]jjlo)v, crvvakyovv-

TQiv he KoX (TvWvTTOVjJLevMU. T7J<; 8e a/xaprtas ets tovtov

'qKOvcrr)'; to (re) epyov ov^ iîxdrepov dXkd tov iâjxap-

t6vto<s icTTL, TO TE 7rd9o<; et? tov SpdaavTa iXdou r]ixd<;

fiev d-rroXvei tt]^ atrta?, tov 8e SpdcravTa SLKaL(o<; a/xa

Trj dfxapTLa TeTLfiojprjTaL. diroXvei 8e /cat o vofxoq r}ixd<;, 9

(o TTLCTTevcov, eipjovTi [x-rJTe a8tK:a)9 /xT^re 8t/catcos diroKTei-

v€.iv, (o? ôj^&sL/ie^Stw/cet. vtto /xez^ yap rT79 avTov tov

Te6vecoTO<; djxapTiaq oSe avroX-verat /x')78e aKovalox; airo-

KTeivai avTOV vtto 8e rou Siw/coi'ro? ovh^ e7ri/caXov/x.ez/o9

GJ? e/cctii' direKTeivev, a/xcôti/ aTroXverat roti' iyKkiqixaToiv,

fxrjT aKOiv fJLtJTe eKcov diroKTeivai. dnoXvoixevo'? oe vtto 10

re ttJ? dXiqOeia'^ tojv TrpaÔevTcov vtto t€ tov vofxov Kad

ov SicoKeTaL, ovBe tojv iTTLTTjdevixdTOJV elveKO, 8t/catot

TOLOVTOiv KaKUiv dîovcrOai icrfjiev. ovro? re yap avocrca

TreicreTaL ra? ov 7rpo(Tr]Kovcra<s <f)ep(ov a/xaprta?, eya> re

[xdXXov iJikv ovSev, 6yiOio)<^ 8e toutw dvafidpTrjTO^; (ov et?

TToXXaTrXacrtou? rovrou (Tvix(f>opd<; rjôy iiri re yap r^

rovTOU Sia(f)dopa dîutTov to Xenroixevov tov (iiov hud^co,

eiriT€

Trj

ifxavTovarratSta i,(ov ert KaTopv^drjcroâi.

'EXeovz^res ovv Tovhe jxev tov vr^TTiov Trfv dvafxap- 1 1

TTjTOV crviJL(f)opdv, e^jôv 8e tov yrjpatov kol aOXiov ttjv

dwpoaSoKTjTOV KaKOTrddeiav, /xt) /carai/zr/f^tcra/xefot 8vcr-

fxopov^ Tjixd^ KaTaaTTJa-TjTe, aXX' dTToXvovTe<; evcrefieLTe.

o T€ yap diToOavcov (Tvpi(f)opaL<i TrepLTreawv ovk aTLjxco-

prjT6<; i(TTLV, T^jaet? re ov 8tKatot ra? roDraJV aâprta?

I—



4 SELECTIONS.

12 <Tv\i.îpîv icrixeu. Tr\v re ovv evcreâav tovtcov tcjv

TTpaÔivTOiv KoX TO hiKaiov atSov/xezôt ocrtcus zeal St/catwg

d.TTo\veTe 17/1019, koX jx-q ct^Xtwraroj Svo Traripa kol TratSa

a(6poL<s crv/xôpats 7repL/3dXy]Te.

11. TETPAAOriA r A.

KATHrOPIA *ONOY KATA TOY AErONTOI AMYNAI0AI.

Newjatcrrat jJLev op^&j? ra? (Jjovlko.^; SiKa? Trept

irkeicTTOV tov<s KpivovTa<^ TTOielcrOai Sioj/cetz/ re /cat jxap-

Tvpeiv Kara to St/catov, [xyjre tov<; iv6-ôv<; ctcîeVra?

2 [jLTJTe TOv<; KaOapoif? eU aycova Ka9icrTdvTa<i. o re yap

^609 l3ov\6ixevo<? TTOiycrai to dvdp(i>Tnvov <^v\ov tov<;

7rpc6Tov<? yevo}x4vov<^ ecjivaev t^jxcov, Tpo(jieas re TrapeSojKe

T7]V yrfv KoX rrju OaXaoraav, Xva ixrj cnrdveL rcov dvay-

Katcov TTpoaTToOvrjaKoiixev t'^s yrjpaLOv reXevrrjS' ocrrt?

ovv Tojv viro rod 6eov d^LcoOevroivrov ^tov

rfyLOiVdv6fX(o<;

riva aTTOKreivei, acreêl ^lev rrepX rovq 6eovq, o'vy)(el Se

3 ra vofxifjia rcov avdpcoTTcov. o re yap diroOavajv, <jre-

p6p.evo<s (hv 6 6e6<; eScoKev auroj, etK'oxco? 6eov TifJicopiav

viToXeiTrei rrju tojv dXiTrjpCojv Sva/xepeiav, rjv ol irapd to

BiKaiov KpivovTe'i rj p.apTvpovvTe<;, avvaae/Sovi'Tes rw

Tavra opaivTi, ov Trpocry)Kov pîaajxa ets tov<; tStov?

4 otKOV5 elcrdyovTai' rjixeZ'^ re 01 Tiixojpol tu>v Ste^âp-

fieucof, el St' dXXrjv TLvd e)(6pav tov<; dvatTLOvs Stw-

KOLjxev, T(o jxep aTTodavovTi ov rt/Awpovvres Setzôv? dXiriq-

pLov<5 eôjxev tov^ tcov dTroOavovTOJv TrpocrrpoTratovg,

T0V9 oe KaOapov^ aSt/cws diroKreLvovre'^ evo\OL tov (bopov

T0L<; iTnTLjXLOis io-jxev, v/xas re dvop.a Spdv 'n-eL0ovTe<5 Kal



ANTIPHON.5

70V u/xere/jou a\La.pTTi[i.a.To<i vnairioi yiyvofxeda. iyat 5

fiev ovu SeStci? ravra ets v/âs Trapdrycav rov dcre/Brj-

aavTa Kadapo^ toju lyKkiqixaTCxiv eljxC' rJyaet? Se a^toj?

Twv Trpoeipriixevoiv rfj /cptcret Trpocre)(ôvTe<; tov vovv,

aîav hiK-qv TOV irdOovi rw elpyaayiivb) iindevTe';, ana-

crap TTjv ttoXlv KaBapdv tov p.idcrp.aTo^ KaTacTTijcreTe,

el fxev ydp aKOiv dneKTeive tov dvSpa, d^L0<s dv i^v crvy- 6

yv(iip.y]% Tvyeiv tlvos' v/Bpei Se koI dKoXaaia irapoLvoiv

ets dvSpa 'rrpea-^vTy)v, tvtttcou re Kal irviycov ecos T17S

^^XV^ dnecTTeprjcrei' avTov, oj? fxev auoKTeivaq tov (jiovov

Tol^ i.TnTipLioi'^ evo^6<i ecrrtv, cJs 8e avyêoiv diravTa tcjv

yepaiOTîpoiv ra t'OjLit/Aa ovhevo<; dyiapTelv ot? 01 tolovtol

Ko\d[,ovTai ot/cato? ecTTiv. 6 (xev tolvvv v6ixo<; 6p6(o^ 7

vjjlIv Tip.o}pei(j6ai TrapahiScoaiv avTov tcov Se pâprvpcDV

dKrjKoaTe, ot Traprjaav irapoivovvTi avTco. vixd0N0Y.

I. §§ 1—30.

^l3ov\6ixr]v fxiv, CO dvSp€<;, Trjv Svva[XLV tov Xeyetv

Kai Tr}v iixireipiav Tcau TrpayjxdTou i^ icrov jjloi KaOeaTa-

vai Ty re crviKôpa koX toI'^ /ca/cot? toIs yeyevriix4voi<i'

vvv Se TOV p,kv TreTTeipaixai irepa tov 7rpo(n]KovTo<;, tov 2

Se ei'Ser^s et/^t {xdWov tov crvp.<f)epovTO<i. ov fxev ydp [xe

eoei KaKoiraOelv tm (TU>p.aTi fxeTa Trj<; amas Trjs ov

TrpocrrjKovcrrjs, ivTavOol ovBeu p.e dxîkiqcreu t] ip.Treipia'



6 SELECTIONS.

ov 8e fxe Set croOrjpav [xera T179 dXr)6eias elirovTa ra

yevojxeua, eV tovtco fie /8A.a7rret 7} rou Xeyeiv dSwafxia.

3 TToXXol /xev ya/9 TjSr) tcou ov Svvafiepcov \iyeiv amcTTOi

yevoixevoi rots oKyjOecriu aurots rovrots aTrcoXovro, ou

Zvvdixevoi BrjXcocraL avrd' ttoWoI Se tcov Xeyetu Swafxe-

vcju TTtcrroi yeuofxevoc rw xjjevSeadaL, tovtco iacudrjo-av

[Stort ei//evcrai'To]. dvdyK-q ovv, orav rts aireipo'; y tov

dyMviêcrOai, iiri rot? Toyv Karrjyofxov Xoyoi? etvat /xaX-

\ov rj iir avTol<; rots epyoL<; koI rfj dhqOeia twv irpay-

4 fxdroiv. iyo) ovv io dvSpe^; alTrj(TOixai u/xas, ov-^ anep

ol TToXXol tSv dyoivilôfjievoiv aKpodaOai crcjiOiu avTiov

alrovvrai, (Tîcri jxeu avTols ctTrtcrrovvTeg, vjjLoii' 8e Trpo-

KaTeyvcjKoreq dhiKov tC et/cos yap eV dvSpdcTL ye dya6ol<s

Koi dvev Trj<; atrr^crews t-^v aKpoaauv virapêiv tol<;

(fyevyovcTLV, ovirep /cat ol StcJ/coj^reg eTvôv avev airij-

5 cre(o<;' raSe Se Seojotat vfjicov, tovto jxev edv rt ttJ yXcoa-crrj

dfidpTO), crvyyv(oiJLrjv €)(eiv [mol, koI lijyelcrOaL dTreiptq,

avTO [xdWov rj aStKta tjfxaprricr6at, tovto oe edv tl

6pdco<; etTTO), dXrjdeta fxdXXov rj SeLvoTrjTi elprjaOai. ov

ydp SiKaLov ovt epyto ajxapTovTa Stct prjfxaTOi acoOrj-

vai, OVT epycp 6p6cog npdâvTa Sta prjixara drroXeaOai'

TO fxev ydp pyjjjia T7J<; yXwccn^s dfidpTrjixd ecrrt, to Be

6 epyov Trj<; yv(ofjLr)<;. dvdyKr] Be KLvBvvevovTa irepX avTov

/cat TTOV TL /cat iâjxapTelv. ov ydp [jlovov tcov Xeyo-

jjievcov dvdyKr) iv9vixeZcr6ai, dXXa kcli tcov icrofievcjv'

drravTa ydp ret ev dBijXa) eT ovTa evrl Trj tv^Q p-dXXov

dvdKeLTOLi rj Trj Trpovoia. TavT ovv eKirXrj^Lv noXXrjv

7 7rape)(eLv dvdyKr) eort t&j KLvBvvevovTL. opco ydp eyoiye

/cat Tov<; irdvv ijJLTreipov; tov dyoivilêcrOaL ttoXXco -êlpov

eavTcHv XeyovTa^, otov ev tlvl ku'Bvvo) cIxtlv oTav o'

dvev KivBvvoJv tl BLanpdcrcrcJVTaL, fxaXXov 6p6ovixevovs-



ANTIPHON. 7

Tj fxku ovv aiTr)(rL<; o) avSpes Kat voixm,ois

€)(ovcra, Kol iv rw Vjotereyaw St/cato) ov^ iâcrov r) iv tco

i[Ji<^' Trepl Se tojv KaTTjyoprjixeucov aTToXoyr^crojaat KaO*

eKacTTov,

UpoiTOV fxev ovu, cJ? TrapauojJiioTaTa kol ^taiorara 8

eis TovSe rov aycova Ka6e<TTr]Ka, tovto vixds SlSolô), ov

TCO (fyevyeiv av to TTXrjOo<; to vjxeTepov, irrei Kav avco-

jjLOTOLS v[Juv Kol fJLrj KaTOL vojxov fxiqheva eTTtrpe'i/zat/At Trepl

Tov (TcJ/jtaro? tov ijxov SLaxpr^ffjCcracrdaL, eveKoi ye tov

TTLCTTeveLV ifJioC T€ fxrjSeu e^r]^xapTrja6ai ets ToSe to

trpayfJLa /cat v/xa? yucocreaOaL toL Strata, aXX* Lva rj

T€K}xripLa vjjuu Koi Tcou dWcov TrpayixaTOiv tc^v et? e/>te y)

TOVTCou ^laioTTj^ Kai TTapavoixia. TrpoiTov fxev yap Ka- g

Kovpyos ivSeSeLyfieuo^ (f)6vov BtK-qv (fievyo), o ouSet?

TTWTTOT eiraOe tojv iu Trj yy TavTrj. koX cus pêv ov

KaKovpyo^ et/xt ovS' €voô<; rw tcov KaKovpycov vofxq),

avTol ovTOL TOVTOV ye pdpTvpe<^ yeyeviqvTai. irepl yap

TCOV KkeiTTcov /cat XcoTTohvTcov 6 v6jji0<; /cetrat, cov ovSev

ijxol rrpocTOV direêiâv. ovtco^ etg ye TavTTjV tt^v ctrra-

ycoyrjv vopiixcoTciTrjv /cat hiKaioTciTiqv TreTTOi-^Kaciv vplv

Trjv (lTroxf)Ti](f)LaLV p.ov. cjiacrl Se av to re aTTO/cretVetv lo

peya KaKovpyrjixa elvai, Kai eyco op.o\oyco pêyicTTov ye,

/cat TO lepoavXelv koX to irpoSiSouaL ttjv ttoXlv dXXd

)(0jpt9 Trepl avTcov eKdcrTOV ol vofioi KelvTai. ifxol Se

TTpcoTov p,eu, ov Tot5 aXXot? elpyecrOai Trpoayopevovcri

rot? TOV <f)6vov (f)evyovcrL ras ot/ca?, ivTavdol TreTToirjKaai

T-qv Kpicriv iu Trj dyopa' eVetra TipuTqcTLV jitot eiroirjcrav,

duTaiTodavelv tov v6p.ov /cetjiteVov tov ctTTO/cretVavra, ov

TOV e/xot crvp.(f)epovTO<; eveKa, dXXd tov crîcnv avrot?

XvcriTeXovvTO^, /cat evTavda eXacrcrov evup'O.v tco TeOvrj-

KOTL TCOV iv TCO vojxo) KetpLevcov' ov 8' eveKa, yvQ}(Te(r0e_



8 SELECTIONS.

11 TTpo'i6vTo<i TO\j \6yov. eTTetTa hi, o TravTO.'^ ot/xat v/xa?

CTTtcrTao'ât, airavra ra hiKacTT-qpia iu vTraWpoj St/caêt

TO-s St/<a9 Tov (f)6pov, ovSev6<5 aXKov eueKa i^ tva rovro

/xez/ ol SiKao-Toi jjl-^ Icocriv ets to avTO rot? /x-^ KaOapols

ret? vetpas, rovro 8e d StwKwi' ttJi' hiK-qv tov (f)6vov Iva

firj 6[xo)p6(f)io^ yCyvrjTaL rw avdevTTj. crv 8e toiJto /xei'

irapekBoiv tovtov tov v6p,ov tovvckptlov toI<s aXXot? ttc-

TroL7]Kas' tovto 8e Se'Di/ ere Sto/xdcracrât opKov tov fie-

ytcTTov Kcu lo^vpoTaTov, i^toXeiav avTco /cat yeVet /cat

ot/cta ttJ cr^ eTrapcofxevov, rj fxrjv fxrj aXXa KaTTjyopTJcreLV

ifxov 17 ets avTOf roi' <f)6vov, ws e/cretva, ev w ovr' at*

Ka/cd TToXXa elpya(TyLivo<; rjkicrKoixrjv aXXa> rj avT(o tco

irpdyixaTL, ovt av ttoXXo. dyaOa elpya(TfJLevo<; tovtols dv

12 i(T0i^6[xy]v rot? dya6ol<;' d av TrapeXOcov, avTo<i creavrw

vofxovs iêvpcov, dv(6[xoTos p^kv avros e/xov KaTrjyopelq,

dvcopoTOL Se ol pdpTvpe<; KaTapapTvpovcri, heov avrou?

TOV avTov opKOV cro\ Siopocrapevov; Koi diTTopevov^ tcov

(r(f)ayi(ov KaTapapTvpelv ipov. eireira /ceXevet? tov<; St-

Kacrra? dvcopoTOt^ 7TLcrTevaavTa<; rot? papTvpovau cfyovov

hiKrjv KaTayvcovai, ou? crv auro? aTTicTTovg KarecrTT^cra?

TrapeX6(x)v TOv<i Keipevov^ v6pov<;, Kai rjyei -^p-rjvaL avrotg

tt)v o")}v irapavopiav Kpeiaaoi yevecrdai avToJv tcov v6-

13 jaojv. Xeyet? Se cos ov/c dv irapepeiva et iXeXvp7)v, ctXX'

(p-^6pr]v dv diTiUiV, coo-7repei aKOVTa pe avay/cacra? etcr-

eXOelv et? rr^* yiî' TavTrjv. KaiToi ipol et prjSev Ste'cêpe

(TTepeaOai Trjahe T'r]<; iroXecos, laov tjv poi /cat irpoa-

^jcXr^devTi pT] iXdeiv, dXX' eprjpiqv otpXetv Trjv hiKiqv,

hovTO 8' dTToXoyr)crapev(t) ttjv irpoTepav iêlvai iêXOelv

diiraoTL ydp TOVTO kolvov icTTL. crv oe, o rots aXXots

"EXXi^crt KOLVOV iaTLV, tSta ^Tyrets e/xe povov diTocrTepelv,

auros crauTw vopov OepevoS' KaiTOi tov<s ye vopov^ ol



ANTIPHON. .9

KELPTai Trepi roiv tolovtoju iravTas dv olfJiaL oixoXoyrjcrai

KaWtara voôiv aTravroiv Keicrdai koI dcrtwrara. virdp-

^€t lîv ye avTot? dpâioraToi'; clvai iv rfj yyj ravTrj,

CTretra tov<s avTov<s del nepl tcHv avTcov, oirep [xeyLcrTou

ecTTi crrjfxeLOV voixcov KaXwg Keiixivojv 6 yap ^povo'^ koI

7} ifJiTreipia tol fjLrj /caXws e)(OPTa cKStSao-Ket tov<; dvOpui-

TTov?. cjcrre ov Set v/â? e/c tojp tov KaT7)y6pov Xoycjv

Tov<s voiMovs KarayiavddveLV, el AcaXw? vpXv Kelvrai 17 fXTj,

aX\ eK roiv vofxwv tov<s tov Koriqyopov Xoyou?, et 6p6w^

Kol voiJLLiJ.(o<; v]xd<i StSacr/cet to npoiyixa t^ ov. ovTa)<; ol 15

ye vofxoi /cctXXtcrra KelvTai ol irepX cfiovov, ov? ovSel?

TTOiTTOTe eToXjxrjcre KLvrj<raL' crv Se fJi6uo<s Srj TeToXfXTjKas

yeveaOat voiJLo6eTT]<; errl ra Trovr^poTara, /cat ravra Trap-

eXdcou ^T^ret? /u,e aSt/coj? avroXeVat. a 8e crv trapavo-

/xets, avra ravra jitot /^teyto'ra fxapTvpid ecTTLV ev yap

lySetg oVt ovSet? a?/ tJi' (rot o? eKeivov tov opKov Sto/xo-

crdixevoq ijJLov KaTepâpTvprjcreu. eVetra 3e ov;^ ojg 16

TTicTTevoiv Tco TTpdyixaTi dvajji^Lcrl3r)TT]Tct)<s eva tov dydva

Trepi TOVirpdyixaTO^

eTTOiiqcroi,

dXXa diJL(f)L(Tl3y]Tr)crLV /cat

Xoyov vTveXiTTov oj? /cat rot? rore 8t/cao"rat? dincrT'ijcrcjv.

(vorTe fJLTjSev fxai evOdSe /u-i^Se irXeov etvat jut^S' diroipv-

yovTL, dXX' eêlvaC oroi Xeyetv ort KaKovpyo<s dire^vyov,

aXX' ov rov <f)6vov ttjv BiKrjv eXcjv S' av d^L(oa'eL<s fie

dnoKTelvaL cu? rov (jtovov ttjv SiKrjv (o(f)XrjK6Ta. KaiToi

TTW? av eiTj TovTcov SecvoTepa [Ji7]')(avy]jxaTa, el vjjuv fiev

dira^ TOVTovcrl Tretcracrt /caretpyao'rat a jSovXecrOe, ifxol

o' dna^ d7ro(f>vy6vTL 6 avro? Kti^Svi'o? i;7roXet7rerat ; ert1

oe jLtaX' eSeOrjv, d) dvSpeq, irapavofJicoTaTa aTravTcov dv-

OpcoTTCov. eOeXovTO? yap jxov eyyvrjTa? Tpel^ KaOicrTdvai

/caret roz' vofiov ovto)<; ovtol hieirpdqavTo oicrre tovto

p-rf eyyeveadai {xol TTOvrjcrai. tojv Se aXXtuz^ êvojv ocrrt?



10 SELECTIONS.

TTCJTTOTe TjOehqcre KaracrTrjcrai iyyvr]Td<;, ovheis TTconoTe

iSedrj. KaiToi ol eVtjaeXy^rat to)v KaKovpywv tco avTco

^paJuTai, vofxco tovtco. cucrre Kai ovto<; kolpo? rot?

aXXoLq TrdcTLU (x)U ifxoL fjcouo) eVeXiTre firj oxêkelcrOai

i8 TouSe Tov POfJLOV. tovtol<; yap rjv rovTO avfj-cfiepov,

wpajTov [xev aTrapacTKevoraTOU yeviaOai jxe fxy) hvvd-

fxeuov hiaiTpdcrcreadai avTov ra/xavrou npdyfxaTa, eTreira

KaKOTradelv rw cwjaart tov^; re (^tXov? TrpoOvfjiOTepovs

eêiv Tov<; ifxavTov tovtol^ to, xfjevSrj fxapTvpeiv i^ ifxol

rd\r)6rj Xeyetv Sid rrfv tov ccJ/xaro? KaKoirddeiav. ovet-

S05 re avTM re ep-oX TrepiiOea'av koI rot? ipol<; Trpocr-

TjKovaiv ets TOV ^lov anavTa.

19 OvTCixrl pep St) ttoXXoi? e\o.cr<Tco6eL<; tcop vopcop Toiv

vperepcop koI tov St/catov KaOecrrr^Ka et? top dycopa'

op(o<; pePTOi ye kol e/< tovtcop TreipdcTopai ipavrov

dpaiTiop imSelâL. KaiToi âkeirop ye ra e/c ttoXXov

Karexfjevcrpepa koL einêôvXevpepa, Tavra TTapa^pyjpa

aTrekeyêiP' a ydp T19 pr) TrpocreSoKrjcrep, ovSe (f)v\d^-

acrdai iy^copel.

20 'Eyco Se Toi' pep ttXovp eTTOVTqcrdprjp e/c 7179 MtrvX-)^-

z/T^g, CO di'Spes, «^ tw itXolci) nXeop (S 'HpojSrjs ovto<s, op

(jiacTiP VTT epov aTToOapelp' eirXeopep Se els tyjp AXpop,

iyo) pep cJg top Trarepa {eTvyXP-pe ydp e/cet ojp Tore), d

8' 'HyDcoSryg dpSpdnoSa Spa^lp dp6pwTTOi's aTToXvcroop.

(TVPeirXei 8e ra re avS/3a7ro8a a eSet avTOP aTroXvaai,

Kol ol SpaKe<; ol Xvcropepoi. tovtcdp S' vplp tov<s pdp-

TV/Dtts irapeôpai. [MAPTYPES.]

21 'H pep TTpocjyacTL'i eKaTepco tov ttXov avTT)' irvôpep

Se )(eip(api tlpl ^p'r)adpepoi, v(f) ov i^payKdcr6r]pep Ka-

racnêtv ets ttJs MT]dvppaLa<; tl ôipiop, ov to ttXolop

(oppeL TovTO el<5 o peren^dpTa (jâcrlp dTToOopelp avTov



ANTIPHON. 1

I^Tov 'Hp&jSTyl']. /cat npojTov fxku avra ravra cr/fOTreire,

ort /U/t} * TrpovoLo. [xaXkoi^ lyiyvero iq t^XV' ovt€ yapTretcras tov dvSpa ovSaixov aTreKiyôp.ai (Tvp.Tr\ovv jxol

yeveaOai, aXX' auro? kcxO" avTOV rov vXovu Treirotrjixevo'S

eveKa TrpayfiaTCJV tStcui^* ovt av iycj avev Trpoffxxcrecoq 22

LKavrj'^ (f)atPoixaL rov ttXovu TTOnqcrdiievo^ els rrjv Klvov,

ovre. KaTaa)(6vTes et? to ^(opiov tovto dno 7rapacrKevrj<;

ovSe/Atag, dW dvdyKTj -^prâdixevoi' ovt av cTretSi)

copixLO-djxeOa, t; ixereKâcris iyeveTO eis to erepov

nXolov ovSevl p,riâvrip.aTi ouS* drrdTrj, aXA' dvdyKTj Kal

TOVTO iyiyvero. iv (o fxev yap iTrXeojxev, daTeyacrTou

rjv TO irkoZov, els o Se fjieTc/Brjixeu, icTTeyacrixivov tov

Se verov eveKa TavT rjv. tovtcov S' vpXv jxdpTvpas

Trapeôixai. [MAPTYPE2.]

'ETreiSi) Se ixeTeê^rjfxev els to eTepov ttKoIov, eiri- 23

vojxev. Kal 6 jxev ecrrt (f)avepos eK/3as e/c tov ttXolov

Kal ovK elands TrakiV eyw Se to irapdirav ovk iêj3r]v

eK tov ttXolov ttJs vvktos eKeCvrjs. Trj S' vcTTepaia,

eTreihrj dcftavrjs '^v 6 dv-qp, iCprjTelTO ovSev tl jxdXXov

VTTo T(ov dXXcav 17 Kal vtt ifjiov' Kai et rw tcjv aXXcov

eSoKet SeLvov elvat, kol i[xol o/xotw?. Kat eus re ttjv

MLTvX-qvrjv eyd) aiTLOS rjv ire[ji(f)OyjvaL ayyeXov, /cat Trj

e[Mrj yvioixj) inefJiTreTO' Kal dXXov ovSevos eOeXovTOS ySaSt- 24

êtv, ovTe Tcov drro tov ttXolov ovTe Tutv avrw tco 'HpcoSy

crv[JiTrXe6vTcov, eyoi tov dKoXovOov tov ifiavTOv irep^Treiv

eVotjLto? rfV KaLTOL ov Stjttov ye Kar ifxavTov fjL-qvvT-qv

eirefiTrov elScos. eVetS?) Se o dvrjp ovTe ev Trj MiTvXrjvrj

ecjiaCveTO l^rjTovjxevos ovt dXXodt ovSajxov, ttXovs re rjixlv

eyiyveTO, Kal ToXXa dvqyeTO irXola diravTa, a))(oix7]v

Koyco TrXeoiv. tovtcjv 8'uftti/ tovs p^dprvpas irapa-

o'X'Ô'OjLtat. [MAPTYPE2.]



12 SELECTIONS.

25 Ta y.€v yepofxeua ravT icrriw eV 8e tovtcov -rjhrj

(TKorreiTe m et/cora. irpcoTov fxkv yap irplv avdyeaOai

ju,e €ts T7)z^ Aliôt', ore tjv dcfiavrj'? 6 dvrjp, ovSels yTidcraTO

jLte duOpcoTTOJP, yjSr) TTeirvcrpîvoiv tovtmv rrjv dyyekiaV

ov yap dv irore c^ôfx-qv TrXecov. ak\ ets [xev to Tvapa-

XPW°^ Kpd(T(TOV riv TO d\r)6k Kal to yeyevrjixevov Tr}<;

TOVTCOV atrtacreajg, Kal a/xa iyo) eTL ineSiQixow' eVeiSi} 8e

eydj Te (o)(6[Jir)v TrXecjv koI ovtol i^ i7rL/3ov\rjs avvtOecrav

TavTa Kal iii-iqâvrjcravTO KaT ifxov, totc rjTiaa-avTO.

26 XeyovcTi 8e ws eu ixkv Ty yfjdneOavev 6 dvrjp, Kayoi

XWov avTw i.veâ\ov els Trjv Ke(f>a\rjv, os ovk iê/Srjv to

irapdirav Ik tov ttXolov. Kal tovto fxeu dKpt^cos ovtol

Icracriv' ottcos 8' i^(f)avLa6r) 6 dvrjp, ov'êvl X6y(o elkotl

SvvavTac aTToâiVetv. 8^7X01^ yap otl iyyv<5 ttov tov

XtjLteVos €t/<:o5 '^v tovto yiyveaOai, tovto [xev fxedvovTO^

tov dvSp6<;, TOVTO 8e vvKTOip iK/3dvTos €k tov ttXoloV

ovTe yap avTOv KpaTelv tcro)? dv iSvvaTO, ovTe t&j a77a-

yoz^Tt vvKTOip iiaKpdv dhov tj 7rp6cj)aa-L<s dv euKOTCDs eyuy-

27 veTO' tprjTovfxevov 8e tov dvSpos hvo o^/xeyoa? Kai iv rw

XifxevL Kal diToOev tov Xt/xeVo9, cure onTrjp ov8et§ i(j)dvr)

ovTe oLfxa ovTe dXXo arjixelov ovSev. KaT iyco avy^cjpd)

T(a TOVTOiv Xoyo), TrapeÔjaevo? [xev tovs jxapTvpa<; a>s

OVK iê^rjv e/c tov ttXolov' el 8e Kal cus jxdXiCTTa iê/^rjv

eK TOV ttXoiov, ovhevl Tporrcp et/cos rjp dcjiavLcrdevTa

XaOelv TOV dvOpoiTTOv, eiirep ye jxri irdvv TToppo) d7rrjX6ev

28 dno Trjs 6aXdcr(Trj<i. aXX' (os KaTeTTOvTCoOrj Xeyovcriv.

iv tCvl TrXoto) ; hrjXov yap otl i^ avTov tov Xt/xeVo9 "^v

TO ttXoIov. ttw? ai^ ovv ovk eêvpiOr) ; Kal ixrjv elKos ye

rjv KoX (rr)[xe'i6v tl yevecrOaL iv tw ttXolo) dvSpos TeOveat-

Tos Kal iKâXXoixevov vvKTcop. vvv 8e iv fxev (o eiTLve

irXoLio Kal i^ ov iêjSaivev, iv tovtco (fyaalv evpelv



ANTIPHON. 13

(Tr\[iô., iv w avTol fx^ ofioXoyovcTLV avoOavetv tov

avhpa' iv w Se KaTeirovTcoOr], ov^ evpov ovt avro to

'irXoLOV ovTe arjixeLOV ovhiv. tovtcou 8' v/x.tv tovs [Moip-

Tvpa<; Trapacrxqa-oixac. [MAPTYPE2.]

'ETretSi} Se eyai [xku cf)povSo<; rfv nXecov els ttjv Islvov, 29

TO Se irkolov rjKev et? 77)1/ MtrfXTîîyt' eV w eycu Kal d

'HpwSi^s eTrXeofjiev, irpc^TOV jxkv elcrfidvTe<5 eU to ttXoIov

rqpevvcov, Kal iTreiBrj to alfxa evpov, evTavda e(j)a(rav

Tedvdvai tov dvSpa' 6776187} 8e avrots tovto ovk eiê^copeL,

aX)C e(f)ai,veTO tcov TrpofiaTcov ov alfxa, dTroTpaTTOjxevoi

TovTOV TOV Xoyov (TvXXa/BovTes ijSaadvLôv tov<s dvOpca-

TTOVS. Kai bv [xev tot6 irapay^prjixa i/BaadvLO-av, ovto<s 30

fxev ovSev eiire irepi ifxov <f)Xavpov' o 8' T^/xeyoat? vaTepov

TToXX-ats i/3aordvL<Tav, e)(0VTe<; Trapd cr(f)La-Lv avrot? tov

irpocrOev '^povov, ovto<s tjv 6 7reLa0el<; vtto tovtojv koX

KaTaxjjevcrdfievo<5 e/xou. Trapeô[xai 8e tovtcov tov<s [xdp-

TVpas. [MAPTYPE2.]

2. §§ 81-96.

Ocra [Jiev ovv eK Toiv dvdpoiTTivoiV TeKfxrjpLOJV /cat 81

IxapTvpLCJV old Te t^v diroSei^drjvaL, aKrjKoaTe' )(prj

8e Kal rots diro tcov Oeayv aiqfxeLoi^; yevop.evoi<i 6ts ret

ToiavTa ov^ yjKicrTa TeKjxrjpafxevovi xj)7)(f)Lêcr6aL. Kai

yap Ta Trj<; Tr6Xeo)<; KOLvd tovtol'? fJidXtcTTa TTLaTevovTes

d(r(f)aXco<; hiaTrpdacrecrOe, tovto fxev Ta ets tov'? klvov-

vovs rJKovTa, tovto 8e 6ts Tct eâ> twv klvSvvcov. XPV ^^

Se Kal 6ts Ta tSta ravra [MeyucrTa Kal iricrTOTaTa rjyela-dai.

olfxai yap vpud<^ eTrtaTacrdai ort ttoXXoI tjSt] avOpoiiroi

{XT) KaBapol êtpas rj aXXo rt jLttacr/xa eôvTet; avveKr-

l3dvTe<; et? to ttXoZov crvvavcoXecrav jxeTa tt^s avTcov



14.

SELECTIONS.

xpv)(rj<; Tov<; ocrtoiq Sta/cetju,evov9 ra 7r/)og rov<^ 6eov<;'

TOVTO 8e 'qSr) erepov^ ctTToXo/xeVof9 fiev ov, Kivhvvevcrav-

Ta9 8e Tor)9 ecr;iârov9 /cti'8vj'ov9 Sta tov9 TotouTov9

avdpwTTOv;' rovro 8e lepols 7rapa(TTdi>Te<; ttoWoI Srj

KaTa<âvei<i lyivovro ov^ ocrtot 6VTe9 /cat 'îa.KOi\vov7e%

83 rd teyDct jut} yi-yuecrOaL to, vofjuôixeva. ifxol roivvv iv

irdat, TOVTOLS ra evavTia iyevero. tovto [xeu yap octol^

{rvvenXevcra, KaXXt<TT0t9 i^prjcravTO 77X019* tovto 8e

oTTov lepoZs TrapecTTrjv, ovk ecttlv ottov ov^l KaXXtcrra

TO, lepa iyeveTO. a iyat ol^loj jxeydXa [mol TeKixrjpia €lvai

Trjq atrta9, ort ovk dXrjdrj jxov ovtol KaTrjyopovcrt tov-

T(ov ixdpTvpe<;. [MAPTYPES.]

84 'ETTtcrra/Aat Se /cat rctSe, w dvSpe<; St/caorrat, ort et

/x,ei' ejaov KaTefiapTvpovv ol iidpTvpe^ W9 Tt az/ocrtoi'

yeyeviqTai ifMOv irapouTO'? iv ttXolo) tj iv Lepol'?, ai;Tot9 ye

TOVTOL<5 la)(VpOTdTOL<i dv ly^pCOVTO, Kat TTLCTTLV Trj<^ atTta9

TavTiqv (Ta(f)ecrTdTr)i' diriâivov, ra cn^jxeta ra avro tcoi'

6ecov' vvv 8e rwi' re crrjiJieicou ivavTLCDv toZ^tovto)v Xoyot9

yeyevrjixivoiv, tcov re jxapTvpcov d [xev iyo) \eyoi ^xapTv-

povvTOiv dkrjdrj elvat, d S' ovrot KaTTjyopovcTL xjjevSrj,

Tot9 /xei' [xapTvpovaLV aTnaTelv viJid<; /ceXevovcrt, Tot9 oe

Xoyot9 0V9 aurot Xeyovcn iricrTeveiv vfidq -^rjvai âcrt.

Kat ot ju,ef aXXot dvdpoiiroi ToZ<i epyoi^ tov9 Xoyov9

iXey-ôvaLU, ovtol Se to t9 Xoyot9 Ta epya trqTOvaiv

diricrTa KaOia-Tdvai.

85''Ocra ixkv ovv i.K tojv KaTiqyopiqOevTaiv [x^vr)-

IxaL, d) duSpeq, diroXeXoyrjixaL' otjaat 8e Kat vfioji'

ii\Jd^ dTroxpr)<j)Lcra(TdaL. ravra yap e/xe re crcoêi, Kat vfXLP

voixijjia Kat evopKa yiyverai. Kara yctyo tov9 vojjlov;

w/xocrare 8tKacreti'' eyw 8e Ka^' oi;9 fieu dTniJx^drjv, ovk

€V0^6<; elixL Tot9 j'o/x.ot9, wv 8' e)((o Trju alriav, ayaiv



ANTIPHON. 15

\Loi v6fJLL[xo<; uTToXetTrerat. el 8e Svo i^ ip6<; dy(uvo<;

yeyeviqcrdov, ovk eycu atrto?, dXX* ol KarijyopoL. KaC-

Toi ov orf TTOV ol jxei' ^^(dKTTOL 61 ijxol Svo dycjvai;

irepi ijxov TreTTOLrJKao'LV, v/>tets 8e ol r(ov ScKaCcDU lctol

KpiraL TrpoKaTayvaicrecrde jxov iv rqiSe t(o dyaivL tov

<f)6uou. [xrj v/xet? ye, o> dvSpeq' dWoL Sore tl koI tw 86

^povoi, [xed^ ov opOoTara evpicTKovoriv ol rrjv dKp[-

fietau i,yjTovvTes tcou irpayfJidTcou. rjîovv jxeu yap

eycoye irepX tcov tolovtcou, (o dvSpes, eluaL Trjv Slkitji'

Kara tov<5 voixovs, Kara [xeuTOi to StKatov <y? TrXet-

(rraKL'^ eXeyêo"ât. too'ovtco yap apêivov dv eyiy-

vaKTKero' ol yap iroWoX dycove^ ttj p.ev dXiqOeia crvjji-

fjia)(OL elcri, rrj Se Sua/ôXfj iToXejXLcoTaTOL. cf)6vov yap 87

Blkt) /cat fiTj opOcos yvoj(T$e2cra la^vpoTepov tov SiKaiov

Kai TOV dXr]9ovL(Tr](T9e, /cat firj ovTa (fyovea fxr)B^ evoôv rw

epyw xpyjcrOaL Trj SiKri /cat rw vojxoi' koX ovSets dv

TokpLTjcreiev ovre Trjv SiK-qv tyjv SeSiKaarjxevrjv 77apa/3atj'etz'

Trtcrreucras aurw ort ovk evo)^6<; ecTTiv, ovTe ^vveiSd)<;

auTw TOLOVTOV epyov eipyaafMevo) fxrj ov xprjo-daL tco

vofxcp' avdyKT] Se T175 (re) St/CT^s viKacrdai irapd to

dXrjde<i, avTOv re tov dXrjOov'?, [aXXw? re]] /cat edv pirj rj

6 TLjJiCjp-qcrcjv. avTcov oe tovtcov etVe/ca ol re vofiOL /cat at 88

SiOipôaiai /cat ret ro/Ata /cat at TrpoppyjcreL^;, /cat raXXa

oTTOcra yiyveTai tcov Slkcov eW/ca tov (f)6vov, ttoXv

SiaffiepovTa ecxTiv tj koI eiil rot? aXXotg, ort Kat avra

Ta TrpdyfxaTa, irepl cov ol klvSwol, irepl TrXeicrTov ecrTw

opOcos yLyvcocTKecrOaL' 6p6(o<i fxev yap yvoiordevTa Tip-copLa

icTTL Tco dhiKrjdevTL, <f)0vea Se tov fxyj aiTiov ^p-q^KxQrjvai,

ct/xaprta /cat acreySeta ecrTiv et? re tovs 6eov<^ Kai ets

TOWS v6lJL0V<S- Kai OVK IcTOV icTTt TOV TC OLCOKOVTa fXT) 89



i6 SELECTIONS.

6p9a)<S alTLoicracrOai koI vfxoiq tov<; St/cacrras fxr} opOwq

yvcuvai. Tj [xev yap tovtcju amacrts ovk eêt reXos,

ctXX' eV vixlu icTTL Kol TTJ Slkt}' 6 TL 8' oiu u/xcis cV avTrj

rrj Slky) [xyj opOco'? yvcore, tovto ovk ecTTiv ottol av Tts

90 aveveyK(xiV rrjv djxapTlav aTToXvcraLTO. ttoJ? ap ovv 6p9co<;

SiKdcraLTe irepX avT^v ; el tovtov^ re idcreTe top vopa-

tpixevov opKov hioiiocrap.ivov'^ Kariqyoprjaat, Kd[X€ irepi

avrov Tov Trpay/xaro? dnoXoyrjcracrOaL. tt&js Se idcreTe;

edv vvvl d7roxjjr)(f)i(rr)(T0e jxov. otaêuyo) yap ouS' ovto)

Ta9 viJieTepa<s yvcopâs, aXX' v/xets ecrecrde ol KaKel irepX

efxov Stai/zT^^tÔjaevot. Kal a7roi//7^(^tcrajaeVot5 jLtei' Vjutv

e/AOU vvi^ eêcTTi Tore y^prjadai 6 tl dv hrj ôvX7]crde,

diroXecracri 8e ovSe /BovXevoracrdai en nepL ifjiov iyxoi-

91 pel. KoX fJLrjv el SeoL dfxapTeXv tl, to aStKOJS dnoXvaai

ocTLcoTepov dv etrj tov {jltj St/cato)? airoXeaaC to fxeu yap

dfJidpTrjixa jxavov icrTi, to Se eTepov koI acrefirjixa. ev ^

Xp-^TroXX')}^' TTpovoiav eyêiv, /xeXXoj^rag avrjKearTOV epyov

epydt,ecr9ai. ev jxev yap a/cecrroj TrpdyixaTi Kat opyrj

^^T^crajLteVovs Kal SiaôXy TreiOoixevov^ eXacrcrov ccttlv

eâfxapTelv' p.eTayvov<^ yap ert dv 6p6co<; /BovXevcraLTo'

ev 8e rots dvrjKecTTOLs TrXeov ^Xd/Bo'^ to jxeTavoelv Kal

y^'co^'at i^r)iJLapTr)K6Ta<5. t^St^ 8e Tiaiv vixcov Kal /xere-

fjLeXrjcrev dTToXoiXeKocn,. KaiTOi ovtto) (^dnoXeXvKoaLv) vpuv

ov8' eâTraTrjOelcTi ixeTejxeXiqcrev, el Kal Trdvv tol '^prj

92 TOV'S ye egauaTcuvTa'i dTToXcoXevaL, eireiTa be ra p,ev

dKovaia tcov djJiapTrjfjidTcov €)(eL avyyvcofxrjv, Ta he

eKovdia OVK ey;ei. to jxev yap dKovatov djxdpTrjfxa, co

dvOpe<5, TT^? TV)(r]'; ecTTL, to 8e eKOvatov Trj'? yvcofxrjts.

eKovcTLOv 8e ircos dv eiT) jxaXXov rj et rt9, d)v /BovXrjv

ttoioIto, TavTa TTapa^^pyjfjia eêpydtfiiTO ; Kal fjLrjv Trjv

la-qv ye SvvajJLLV e)(ei, ocrrt? re dv Ty X^'-P^^d-rroKTeLvrj



ANTIPHON. 17

ctSt/cws KaX ocTTts rrj xlfyjcfiq). ev o Lcrre otl ovk av tror 93

rj\6ov et? TTiv TTokiv, el tl ^vi/rjêiv e/xavT&> tolovtov

vvv he TTiCTTevoiv T(^ StAcatw, ov 7r\eovo<s ovhev ecmv

aîov avhpX (TwayoivtiQecrOai, firjheu avrw crvveihoTL

avocriov elpyaa-fxeuco fi.i]S' el<s Tov<i 6eov<s rjcrefi-qKorC ev

yap rw toiovto) rjSrj koI to crcojJia aTreiprjKO^ 'q ^v)(rj

(Tvveêcrcacrev, eOeXovaa Tokanroipelv Stct to /u-t) ^vveihe-

pai eavT^' tw Se ^vveiSoTi tovto avTO irpcoTov iroXefiiov

icrriv' en yap /cat rov crojjaaTo? la\vovTO<5 17 ^^XO

TTpoairokeiTrei, TjyovjJieprj [jyjvj TLjJLCDpiav ol rfKeiv TavTrjv

Tcou dcre/37)[xdro}u' iyo) 8' ijxavrS tolovtov ovhev ^vv-

etSw? rjKO) ets v/x<x9. to Be tov<; KaTrjyopovs SLa/3dX\eLv 94

ovoev eoTTL OavfiacTTOv. TovTbiv ydp epyov tovto, v^wv

Se to pLTj TTeWeaOai Ta [x-q 8iK:ata. tovto p,ev yap ifxol

rreL0ofjievoL<; vfxlv ixeTajxeXyjcraL ecTTiv, /cai tovtov <jjdp-

fxaKOv TO avdis Kokdcrai, tov Se TOVTOL<i TreLOo[Jievov<;

iêpydcraaOai a, ovtol /BovXovTai ovk ecTTiv taort?.

ouSe ^povo^ TToXus d Stacfyepcov, ev (o TavTa vojxifjLOiS

irpdêO' d vvv u/xa? 7rapav6fxo)<; TreCOovcnv ol KaTrj-

yopoi xltrjîcracrOaL. ov tol T(ov CTretyo/xeVoiv ecrTt Ta

TrpdyfxaTa, dXXa tcov ev fiovXevofxevajv. vvv fxev ovv

yvoipicTTox yiyveade TrJ9 St/cryg, TOTe Se SiKacrTal T(ov

fxapTvpcov' vvv jxev hoâarTat, TOTe oe KpiTal Tutv dXrjOaiv.

pacTTOv Se Toi icTTiv dvSp6<; irepl OavaTov êvyovTas Ta 95

\\ievS-q KaTaixapTVpTjcrai. edv yap to 7rapa)(prjfJLa fxovov

Treicroicriv oiCTTe aTTOKTeZvai, afxa tw crojâaTt fcatyf

TLfKopCa dnoXajXeu. ovTe ydp ol <^tXot ert deXrjcrovaLv

virep diroXoiXoTo^ Ttfxcopelv edv Se /cat jSovXrjOojcrLV, tl

ecTTai nXeov tS ye dnoOavovTL ; vvv [xev ovv a7ro\pr)cf)L- 96

cracrde [xov' ev Se Trj tov (f)6vov SCky) ovtol Te tov vofXL-

tpixevov opKOV SLOiJLoadp.evoL i(xov KaTiqyoprjcrovcrLy KaL

J-2



1 SELECTIONS.

v/xet? TTcpl e/xov /caret, Tov<i KeLfxevovs vojxov; hiayvdicrea-Oe,

/cat iîoi ovSet9 \6yo'; ecrrat ert, eai^ rt, 7racr)((o, cJ?

Trapavo/xoj? ccTrojXo/xT^z^. javToi tol oeojxaL vixaju, ovre to

vfJieTepou €V(T€y8e5 TrapeU ovre iixavTov dirocrTepajv to

hiKaLov' iu Se tgj vixeTepo) opKCo Kai r) ifirj (TOiTqpia

evecTTL. ireiOofxevoL Se rovrwt' orw ôvkecrOe, a7roi//ry<^t-

craaOe [jlov.

IV. nEPI TOY XOPEYTOY.

§§ 11-15.

11 'ETretSi) ôpr)'y6<; KaTea-Toidrjv eU ®apyrjkia /cat

eka)(ov liavTOiKkea SiSdcrKakov /cat Ke/cpoTTtSa (f>v\r)v

vpos Tj) ijxavTov, [rovreVrt t^ 'Epe^j^^r^tSt,] e)(oprjyovv

(OS a/Dicrra iSwdixrjv Kal St/catorara. /cat irpcoTOv p,ev

StSao'/caX.etoi' ^ 171^ iTTLTTjSeLOTaTOv Trj<; e/^trj? oi/ctas

KaTecTKevaaa, iv (onep /cat ^lovvatoi'; ore eyôprfyovv

iSiSaaKoV eireLTa top ôpov crvvekeâ cos iSwdixr^v

dpicTTa, 0VT6 l^r]fXLcocra<s ovSeua ovt€ ive)(vpa ftia (f)ep(ov

ovT dTT€)(6av6p.evo<; ovSevi, ctXX' ojcnrep dv rjîcrTa /cat

eTTtTT^Setorara a/xôrepots iylyvero, iyco jJLev eKeXevov

/cat rjTovixiqv, ol 8' e/covres /cat /3ovX6jJLeuoL eTrefxirov.

12 eVet 8e 7)/co^' ot TiatSe?, irpcoTOv jxev jxaL dcrôXia 171/

TrapeiuaL /cat iirLixeXelcrdaL' iTvyyaMe ydp jaot irpdyfiaTa

ovTa 7rpo<; ÂpLCTTLCJua /cat ^tXiiôi/, a eyw vrept iroXXov

iTroLOvpir]v, iireioy] irep etcn^yyetXa, opdcos /cat St/catws

ctTToSetât T^ ôvXfj /cat rots aXXotg 'A^rîâtots. eyw

/Aet* out' Tourots Trpoaelôv tov vovv, KaTecrrrjcra 8e

eTTt/teXetcrât, et rt 8eot tw ôp(v, âvocxTpaTOv, Brjito-

TTjV p,kv TOVTCOul T(t)V OlOiKOVTOiV, KTjSeCTTrjV 8' ipâvTov, (p

iyoi 8e8a)/ca ri}!/ OvyaTepa, /cat rjîovv avTov (o5s) aptcrra

13 eTTtjueXetcrât* crt 8e 77yoo9 Tour&i 8vo dpSpas, tov jxev



ANTIPHON. 19

*E/)e;^^7^tSo9 'AjjivuLap, 6v avToX ol (^vXerat i.^r]iî(TavTo

(TvWiyeiv koI eVi/xeXetcrât r^? (jivXrj'^ iKoicrTOTe, So-

KovPTa ^p'qaTOV elvai, top S' erepov rri<; Ke/cpoTTtSo?,

ocnrep iKoicrTOTe eloiOe ravT-qv ttjv ^vkiqv crvXkeyeLv' eTL

Se rerapTov ^CXlttttov, w ttpoarereraKTO (jjveicrOaL koL

avaki(TK€.Lv et rt <j)pdt,oi 6 SiSdcrKako's 17 aXXo? rt? rou-

TOt)^', oTTcu? (oj?) dpLCTTa ôp-qyoivTO ol TratSes /cat jUtT^Sevo?

ei/Seet? etei' Sta ttî/ e/ni}!/ d(r)(okiav. KadeLcrTrJKEL fikv

Tj -ôpiqyla ovtco. /cat tovtcov et rt xfjevSofxat rrpo- 14

(f)dcreo)^ ei/e/ca, eêorrt rw Kar-qyopo) iêXeyâvn iv rw

vcTTepoi X6y(o o tl dv ôvkiqTaL eiTTelv' evret rot ourw?

e^ctj <^ ai'Spe<5' ttoXXoI twv TrepiecTTCiiTOiv TovTOiv ra jitei^

TrpdyfJLara ravra irdvTa dKpL/3co<i eiricTTavTai, /cat

rovopKOJTOv aKovovcri, /cat e/xot Trpocreôvcri top vovv arra

eyo) ctTTO/cyotVojLtat, ot9 eyoj ifiovkopiiqv dv So/ceti/ auro? re

evopKO<5 eivai /cat i//xa5 rdXyjOij Xeyoiv TrelcraL aTTOxprj-

<j>L(ra(TdaL [xov. npcoTOv fxev ovv aTroSetô) vplv ort ovre 15

eKeXevcra irieiv tov TralSa to (fidpfiaKov ovt iqvdyKacra

ovT eSw/ca /cat ovBe Traprjv or' einev. /cat ov rovrov

eW/ca raura cr(f)6Spa X4yo), cus ijxavTov e^w atrta?

KaracTTijcra), erepov Be Tiva et? aiTtav dydya' ov hrjTa

eyutye, TrXrjv ye rrj<; TV)(r]<;, yjuep oifxai /cat aXXot? ttoX-

Xot? dvOpconcjv atrta ecmv dnoOavelv' ijv ovt dv eyd)

OVT aA.A09 ovoetg otos r at* eti^ a.TroTpe\\taL jxr] ov yeveauac

rjvTLva Set eKdcTTco.



ANAOKIAHS.

I. nEPI THI EAYTOY KAOOAOY.

§§ 10—16.

10 _ KatTOt eyw tot auro? yj/ous ra? iixavTov crvix(f>opd<g,

i^^TiVL KaKCJV re /cat alo^pcov ovk oTS' et tl dneyeveTO,

TOL fxev Trapavoia Trj ifxavTov, to. S' dvdyKrj TOiv irapovTcov

TrpayfxaTCov, eyvcov yjîaTOu elvai TrpaTTeiv re ToiavTa

/cat ^laiTOLdOai e/cet, ottov rjKicTTa /xeAAotju-t 6(f)dT]aecrOaL

v<^ vfioiu. cTretSi) 8e ^povoi vcrTepov ela-^XOe (jlol,

QidTT^p eiKo^, evrtû/xta ttJs re ju,e^ v/awi' TroXtretas

iKeivr]<s Kal SiaLTrj^, i^ r)^ Sevpl [xeTecrTrjv, iyvcov Xvcrire-

Xelv iÔL T^ Tov fiiov d7Ty]X\d)(0ai, t] ttju irokiv TavTr)v I

dyaOov rt toctovtov ipydaaordai, (ocrTe v^xiuv ekovtov

11 etvaC TTOTe jxol ttokiTevaaa6ai jxed^ vjxcou. Ik Se tovtov

ov TrwTTore ovte tov crioiiaTO<i ovt€ t(ov ovtojv ip.oi eêt-

adfxrjv, oirpv eSet TrapaKLvSvveveLV' ctXX' avTiKa fxev tote

elcrrjyayou els (XTpaTidv vixcov ovcrav iv %dixco /ccoTrea?,

Tcov TerpaKocrioiv yjSr) ra npdyfxaTa ivddSe KaTeikri<j)6-

TOiv, ovTOS JXOL ÂpêXdov îvov iraTpiKov koI StSovro?

Teixvecrdai re koX i^dyecrSai oTrocrovg iôvXojxrjv. tovtov<;

re elarjyayov tov? KOJTre'a?, /cat Trapov fioL TreVre Spa^/xaJp'

TYjv Tijx7]v avTcou ScâcTât OVK rj6i\iqcra irpdâcrOai

nXeov 17 ocrov ifiol KCLTeaTrjcrav, elaiqyayov Se (tItov T€



ANDOKIDES. 21

Kox yoXKov' Kol 01 avSpe'^ itcelvoL e/c tovto)v Trapear- 12

/ccvacr/êVot eviKr^crav fieTo. ravra UeXoTrovvrjo'LOV's vav-

ixaôvvre'i, kol ttjv ttoXlv ravT'qv fxovoc duupconcjv

ecroicrav iv t&> tot^ ^pov&>. et toivvv p,eyaXoiv ayado^v

aiTia v/Act? elpydaravTO iKeivoi, [xepos iyoi ovk av ika-

^KTTov St/catcus ravTT^? tt^9 atrtas e;(otju,t. et yap roi^

avSpdcTLV iKeivoi<; Tore tol iiTLTrjSeLa yurj elcnj-Ôrj, ov

TTepl Tov (ToicraL ras 'A^r^t'as o kCvSvi>o<s tjv avrots fJLoXkov

T^ Trept Tou yu,7^8e avrov? croiOrjvai. TovTOiv rotvvv ovT(t}<s 13

€)(6vT0iv OVK okiyo) jxoL TTapa yvcojxrjv evpiOiq rd euTavOa

TrpdyjlaTa expvTa. KareTrXevaa [xku yap ws eTraiveOy]-

crofxevos viro tcov iuOdSe irpo6vixia<s re etVe/ca /cat CTTt/xe-

Xetas Twi' viieripoiv TrpayjxdTCoV TrvdpixevoL Be nves ju-e

-qKovTa T(ov TeTpaKoatoiv et^rjTovv re 7rapa^rj[xa, /cat

Xa^pvres rp/ayov ets tt}^ ôvkrjv, ev9v<; Se Trapacrrcts 14

jaot Ileto-avSyoo?, " avSpes," e(^')7, " /3ov\evTaL, iyo) tov

dvSpa TovTov ivBeiKvvo) vfjuv (tItov re et? tov9 77"oXeju,tov9

etcrayayoj^ra Kat /ccoTreas." /cat to trpdyixa rjSrj Trdv

BirjyeiTo co<; cTreVpa/cro. ei^ Se rw t6t€ rd IvavTia (f)po-

vovPT€^ SrjXoL rjcrav 'qBrj ol evrt crTpaTid's ovTe<; rot? re-

rpaKocrtoi'^. Kdya>, Oopvô^ yap Brj tolovto<5 iyiyvero 15

TCOV ôvXevTcov, cTretSi} iyCyvcoorKov diroXovyievo'i, evdv'^

irpoo'TrrjSco TTyoo? T'qv eariav /cat Xap.^dvop,ai tojv lepcov.

oTTep fxoi, Kg! ttXcicttov dîov lyiyvero iv tw Tore' et?

yap Tov<5 6€ov<i eôvTa oveCSrj ovtol [xe jxaXXov tcov

dvOpcoTTCov ioLKacn KaTeXerjcrai, fiovXrjOevTCJV re avTcov

aTTOKTeLvaC fxe ovtol rjcrav ol BiacrcocravTe^. oecrfxa re

vcTepov /cat Ka/ca ocra re /cat ota rw crtoiJiaTL -qveoôixrjv,

jxaKpov dv elrj fjiOL Xiyetv. ov St} /cat pidXicTT ijxavTov

dTToXocjivpdiJL'rjv' o(TTL<s tovto fxev iv w eSo/cet o orjfi,o<; 16

KaKovadai, iyd> dvrl tovtov /ca./ca eTôv, tovtooe irreLorj



22 SELECTIONS.

i(f)aCv€To ev vtt l^xov ireTTOvOoj'^, ttoKiv av Kai oia rovT

iyo) dircjXkviJirjv wcrre oSou re koX nopov firjoaixfj eneluai fioi evOapcrelw ottol yap rpaTTOt/aT^v, TrduTodev

KaKov tC fJiOL i(f)aCueTO erot/xaô/xeiôt'. ahX o/tws Kat

eV TOTjTcov T0L0VT0)V ovTOiv OLTTaXXayeLs ovK earriv o rt

erepou epyov rrepl TrXetovo? cTrotov/xi^v t] Trjv ttoXlu

TavTTjv dyaOou ri epydcraadai.

II. nEPI TON MYITHPIQN.

§§ 34—45.

34 Ilepl Se Twv dvaOrjixdrcjp Trj<i TrepiKOTrrj^ koI ttJ?

[xr)Pvcre(o<;, (oanep /cat vTrecrô/XT^v v/xiv, ot^roj /cat ttoltJcto)'

i^ dp-)(^S yap v;u,a? StSctôj drravTa rd yeyevrjfxeua.

€7retSi} Teu/cpos ykOe MeyapoOev dSeuav evpofxevos,

IxTjvvei TTepi re roiv ixvcrrr^ptoiv d 17861 /cat rwi' irepiKo-

^dvTO)u ra duadijixara, koI d7roypd(f)eL dvolv Seovra?

eLKocTLU dvSpa<;. eTreiSrj Se ovtol dneypdfjirjcrav, ol fjiev

avTCJV (j)evyovTe<? ^ôvto, ot Se (TvX\y](f)dePTe<s direOavov

Kara rrjp TevKpov ixtJuvctlv. Kat yôi dvdyvoiOi avrojv

ra ovoixara.

35 ONOMATA. TeO/cpo? eVl rot? 'F,p/j,ah iixrjvvaev ^vKr^fiova,

TXavKL'TTTrov, Evpvfia')(ôv, HoXvevKrov, UXdrtova, Âvrl-

Bcopov, 'Kdpcinrov, &e6Bcopov, 'AXKiadevr], Mevecrrparou,

'Epv^t'/iaxov, 'Ev(})lXr)rov, 'EvpvSd/juavra, êpeKkea, MeXr]-

Tov, Tifiavdr], 'Ap^xlSa/jiov, TeXeviKov.

Tovrcov roivvv riov dvSpcov ol fxev TjKovcrL Kai elcriv

euuaoe, rcov oe dnoOavovroiv etcrt ttoXXoI TTpocrrfKovre'^'

d)v ocrrt9fiovXerai, Iv

to)ip,^ Xoyco dva^d<; p,e eXey^dro)



ANDOKIDES. 23

tJ <us e(f)V'ye rts St' ijxe tovtcov tcov avhpcov rj ojs airi-

6avev.

'ETreiSi) Se ravra lyivero, UeLcravSpo^ kol Xapt/cXT^s, 36

evvovoTTaToi eti'at tco Stjixco, iXeyov 0J9 etT^ ra epya ra

yeyevTjixiva ovk 6\iyo)v dvhpiov dXX* inl rfj tov Stjjxov

KaraXvaet, kol ^rjvac ert tpqTeiv kol [irj 7ravcra(T0aL.

Kol 7] TToXts ovTco<5 SieKeLTO, (ScTT CTTetS^ T-qv ôvKrjv etg

TO ôvXevrrjpiov 6 Krjpv^ dve'nroi livat kol to crrjfJieLov

KaOeXoL, Tb) auTO) arjixeLCo tJ fiku fiovXrj et? to l3ovXevT'rj-

piov fjEi, at 8'e'/c TTJs dyopd^ ecfyevyov, SeStore? efg

eKacTTO^ ixrj crvXXrj<f)deiyj. eTrapOeis ovv rotg Trj<; TroXew? 37

/ca/cot? etcrayyeXXet Ato/cXetSi^? ets ri^v ôvXrjV, <^d(TK(av

eiSeWt Tovs TrepLKoxjjai^Tas tov<5 'E/)ju,a9, Kat eljât aurous

ets TpLaKocTLOvs' cJs 8' r8ot Kat TrepLTvôi tm TrpdyixaTL,

eXeye. kol tovtol'S, at apSpes, SeofiaL vixcov Trpocre)(ovTa<;

TOV vovv auafJUfJivyjcrKeaOaL, edv dXrjOrj Xiya, koI 8t8acr-

Keiv dXXTJXov<5' iv viJUP yap rjcrai/ ol Xoyot, /cat fJiOL

v/xet5 TovTCJv p^dpTvpe^ ecne.€(f)y]

yap eLuau [xev dvSpd- 38

TToSov ol iirl Aavpio), Selv Se KOfJiCcraaOaL dTro(f)opdv.

dvacrTd<s Se tt/joj xpevaOels Trj<s wpas âSCêtV elvai Se

TravcreXrjvov. eVet Se Trapd to TTpoTTvXaiov tov Alovvctov

Tjv, opdv dvOpcoTTOv^ TToXXous ctTTO TOV cpSeCov KaTajSaC-

vovTas et9 Tqv op^rjCTTpav' Setcra? 8e aurou?, elcreXOoiv

V7T0 Trjp(TKLdv

Ka6it,e(T6ai [xeTa^vtov

Kiovo<^ koX Trj<;

(TTrjX'Y)'; i(f) y 6 CTTpaTrjyos ccttlp 6 ^jâX/covs. opdu Oe

dvOpcoTTOv; TOV fxev dpcOfjLov jLtaXtcrra TpLaKocnov<5, icTTa-

vai Se kvkXoj dvd irivTe /cat 8e/ca dvSpas, tovs Se dvd

eLKocTLV' opajv Se aurwi/ Trpos tt^v (reXijvrjv ra Trpoaojua

Tcov TrXetcTTOJv yiyvoidKîv. Kat irpo^Tov jxev, (o avope<;, 39

rou^' vTriOeTo BeLvoTaTov irpdyîa, oT/xat, ottoj? ev eKetvo)



24 SELECTIONS.

eiT) ovTiva l3ou\oLTO Â6y)vaioiv <j)dvo.L tcou dpSpcov tov-

roiv eTi/at, ovriva Se î} ôvXolto, Xeyeuv on ovk tjv.

ihc^v 8e TavT ecjirj iirl Kavpiov levai, /cat rrj vcTTepaia

aKoveiv oTL ol 'JLpjxaL elev 7re/Dt/ce/coju,ju,aôt' yvcovai. ovv

4° evdix; ort tovtcjv elrj tcov dvSpcov to epyov. rJKcav Se €15

doTV IrjTTjTds re rjSrj yprjixeuovs KaTaXafx/SdueLV /cat

fjLijvvTpa KeKTjpvyiJieva eKarou /xz^ct?. locou 8e Eu^T^/xot'

Tou KaWiov Tov TrjXeKXeov? dSeX(f)ov iv rip âX/cetw

KaOiJiJievop, dvayay(jt)v avrov et9 to Hcâtcrretov Xiyeiv

dnep vfJiiv iyo) etpyjKa, (os tSot tJ/xcl? iu iKeipr) ry vvKrC'

ovKovv SeoLTO TTapd T^s 7roXeo>9 '^pyîxara Xaêlu jxaXXov

rj Trap -qixcou, a>cr^' r)[JiOL<S er)(eiv (f)iXov^. eiTreiv ovv rov

lLv(f)r)iJiov OTL KaX(t)<s TroiijcreLev eliriov, koI vvv yJKetv

KeXevorai ol ets rrju Aecdyopov oIkluv, iv eKel crvyyivrj

41 ixer ifJLOv 'Ai^SoKtSry Kat erepot? ot? Seu yJKeiu e(j)7) rfj

vcrrepaia, kol B'q Koirreiv rr)v Ovpav' rov 8e rraripa. rov

ifxov rvêiv i^Lovra, /cat elTrelv avroV " dpd ye ere ot8e

TTepLixevovcTL; ^17 jxevroL jxrj drrcjOelaOai roLOTjrovs <f)C-

Xov9." eltrovra Se avrov ravra olêadai. koI rovrco

jxev Tw rpoTTip rov irarepa fxov dTrcoXXve, crweLhora drro-

<f)atvo)v. elrrelv 8e rjixd'i ort êSoyfxevov Tjfxiv elrj hvo

{xev rdXavra dpyvpiov otoo^'at ot dvr\ rSv eKarov fxvuiv

rwv e/c rov Stjixoctlov, idv Se Kardarônxev rj^xel^ a /BovXo-

fieOa, eva avrov i^jxcov elvai, TrCcrriv 8e rovro)v oovvaC re

42 /cat 8efacrât. dnoKpivaaOaL 8e avros 77/309 raura ort

lôvXevcroLro' ryftas 8e KeXevetv avrov rJKeiv els KaXXiov

rov T'qXeKXeovs, tva /ca/cetvos Trapeiq. rov o av Krpea-

rrjv [xov ovrojs dircoXXvev. rjKeiv e^rj els KaXXtov, Kat

KaOojxoXoyijcras yjfjuv irio'riv hovvai ev a/cpoTToXet, Kat

rfp.ds crvvdepêvovs ol ro dpyvpiov els rov eiriovra ixrjva

hiSaeLv SLaxpevhea-6aL Kat ov 8t8oi/af rJKeuv ovv fxrjvv-

aoiv rd yev6[xeva.



ANDOKIDES. ((Jj}]'~

iJ^'L,"'

^'

'^^

*H \).\v elcrayyeXCa avrw, w avSpes, roiavTyy" arro- 43

ypa<^€L 8e to, ovofxaTa tcov oivSpcou (ov e(f)r} yvwvai, hvo

KoX TETTapaKOVTa, TrpcoTov; jieu M-avrWeov kcCi 'AxfjecpLcova,

/BovXevras ovras Koi KaOrjjjLepov; evSov, etra 8e /cat rovs

aXXov9. azâcrras Se Iletcraj'Spo? eî^ ^rjvat Xvetz/ ro

eTTt XKafiavSplov xjjijffyLcriJLa /cat avafî^dlêLV iirl top

Tpoôv TOv<i dTroypa(f)evTa<;, ottcos /XTy Trporepov vv^ ecrrat

TT/ali' TTvOicrOai tov<; dvSpa<? d-n-avTas. dveKpayeu rq ôvXrj

£(5s ev Xiyei. dKovcravTe^ 8e ravra Mavrtêog /cat 'Ar/ze- 44

^twv CTTt T-)}!/ kcntav iKaditôvro, t/cerevovre? ju,-)} crrpe-

^X(x)6rjvaL dXX' iêyyv7]6evTe<; KpiOrjvai. jx6Xi<; Se tovtcdv

TV)(6vTe<;, iTreiSyj TOvTe<s coôvto ets tov<; iroXeixiov^ avrofjLo-

XtjcrapTe'?, /caraXtTTot'Tes rovs iyyvr)Td<;, ov? eSet rot?

avTot? ip€)(ea0aL iv olcnrep ov<s 'qyyvqcravTo. tJ Se 45

l3ovXrj iêXOovcra iv aTropprjTCo crvveXafieu iqixd^ /cat

iSrjcrev iv rots ^vXot9. dvaKoXecravTes Se tov^ (TTpaTT)-

yoil's dvenreZv iKeXevcrav ^hOiqvaioiv tovs p-ev iv dcrrei

oiKOvvrasievai ets t-^v

dyopavra ovrXa Xa/Bovra'S,

tov<s

S' iv paKpw reCêL el<5 to ©rjcrelov, rous 8' iv Ileipatet

€ts tt)^' 'iviToSapeiav dyopdv, Tovq 8e tTTTrets ert vvk-

r6<s (TYiprjvaL rfj crdXinyyi ij/cetv et§ to 'AvaKeuov, Trjv

8e ôvX'^v els aKporroXiv levai /cctKet /caêvSeti^, rous 8e

TrpvTdveis iv rfj OoXw. Botwrot 8e ireTTVcrpivoi ra Trpdy-

jLtara eVt rots dptots i^crav iêcrrparevpevoi. rov Se rwz/

/ca/cwv TOVTWv aiTiov ALOKXeiSrjv co<s crcoTrjpa oj/ra r^s

TToXews cTTt êvyofs T^yot' ets ro irpvTaveiov aTe(f)av(6-

(ravTes, /cat ihetirvei iKeZ



26 SELECTIONS.

§§ 48-69.

48 'EttciSt) Se iSeSejJi€0a TrdvT€<; Iv tco aurw koX vv^

re rjv kol to SecrixcoTijpLov (TweKeKkeicno, rjKov Se rw

fjieu fxrjTiqp rw 8e dSe\<f)rj rw 8e yvjî) Acat TratSe?, 7)1^

Se ÔTj Koi oTkto<; KkaiovTOiv koX oovpoixevcov rd ira-

povra /ca/ca, Xeyet Trpos />te Xap/xtS?^?, wz^ êt* dve\jjL6<;,

tjXLKLcuTrjq 8e Acat avveKTpa<êl'^ iv rfj OLKLa rrj rjêrepa.

49 eK TratSos, ort, " ÂvhoKihiq, tcov [xeu irapovTOiv k(xkcov

6pa<; TO fxeyeOo'^, eycu 8' ev jxep tS TrapekSovri "^povco

ovSev eêoynqv \eyeiv ouSe ere Xvirelv, vvv 8e dvayKa-

ôfxai Sid rr^v Trapovcrav y}}M,v avfxtpopdv. ois ydp

ixpco Koi 019 (TvvrjcrOa avev if][xojv toju avyyevcou, ovtol

eirl rats atrtat? 8t' a? T^/xet? avroXXv/xeâ ot //-et' avrwv

reOvdcTLV, 01 8e orôvrat êvyovTe<^, (T(f)cov avrcov

cô KaTayv6vTe<i dZiKelv et rjKovcrd'i tl tovtov tov

TTpdyixaros tov yevoixtvov, eiTre, koX irpwrov [xeu

creavTov (tcoctov, elra 8e tov irarepa, ov et/co? ecrrt

ere jLtaXicrra (îkelv, etra Se rw Kr]SecrTt]v, os ejêt crou

Ti}i/ dSe\(f)-qv rjwep ctol p.ovq icTTLV, eireiTa Se rous

aXXof? (Ttcyyeiêr? /cat dvayKaCov; toctovtov; 6vTa<;, eri

Se ijxe, o? ev drravTi rw /Stoj Tî^tacra /^leV ere ovSei^

TTcoTTore, TTpoOvjxoTaTO^ Se et? ere Kal ra (ra irpdy/JLaTa

51etju-t,

o Tt ai^ oe^y Troiecv. KeyovTOS be, (o avopes,

Xap/xtSov Tavra, dvTLJSoXovvTcov Se rwv d\Xo)v Kal

LKeTevovTO<; €vo<i eKdcTTOv, iveOvjxijOrjv irpos ifxavTOv'

" H TrduTcov iyco SeLVordrrj crv(JL(l)opa Trepnrecriav, tto-

Tepa Trepiioo) tov<; ijxavTov crvyyejêt? dTToWvjxevov?

ctSt/coj?, Kal avT0v<5 re dtroOavovTa'; kol Ta -^pifjfJLaTa

avTcov OTjjxevOevTa, Trpos Se tovtols dvaypa(pevTa<; iv



ANDOKIDES. 27

CTTT^Xats ws oVra? akiTr^piov; jdv Oeoiv rovs ouSet'o?

alTLOvs Tcjv yeyeviqixivbiv, ert 8e rpLaKoariov<s 'A0r)vai,ct)v

jLteXXot'ra? aSt/<'t(J5 airokeicr6at, Tr^v Se ttoXii/ eV KaKois

ovcrav to'l<5 fxeyi(rToi<; kcu viroxfjiav ets dX\'t]Xov<; eôvra?,

17 eiTTW Â.dr]vaioi<i a Trep rjKovaa ^vîk.rjTOV avrov tov

TroLTjcravToq'"

ert Se €7rt rovrot? Kal roSe iueOvfJiijOrjv, 52

cS ai'Spe<;, koI i\oyil,6iJL'iqv Trp6<s ifiavTOP tovs i^r)-

fxapTrjKOTaq koL to epyov elpyacrjxevov<;, ort ol fiev

avTcov 'i]S7j ireOvT/JKecrav vrro TevKpov p/iqvvOivTe<s, ol

Se (f)evyoi'Te<; môvto koX aureus Odvaros KareyvcocTTo,

TCTTapes Se iqcrav vttoXolttol ol ovk ifxr)vv6r)<Tai' vtto

TevKpov Tcou TreiroLrjKOTCoi/, YlavaLTL0<5 XaiyoeSr^/xo? Ata-

KpLTO<s Avo-L<TTpaTO<;' 0U9 et/co9 rjv diravTbiv jxaXicrTa 53

SoKELU eli'at rovTOiV rdv dvSpaiv ov? ifXTJuvcre Ato/cXet-

Sr]<;, (f)LXovs 6vTa<s tcoi/ dnoXcoXoTCov yjSrj. kol rots fiev

ovSeTTO) y8e/3aiog ijv rj crcoTTjpia, rots Se ifxol's oi/cetots

(f)apep6<s (o) 6Xe6po<s, el fxtj rts 6^961 Â6rjvaLoi<^ rd

yeiôjxeua. eSoKev ovv [jlol KpeZrrov elvai Terrapaq

dvopa<; dTTOcrreprjcrai Trj<; Trar/otSo? St/catojs, ot vvv

ôxTL Kai KaTeXrjXvdacTL koL eôvcrt rd (r(f)eTepa avTcHu,

7} eKeivov; drroOavovTa^ aSt/cw? TrepiiSelv. el ovv nvX 54

vjxoiv, CO dvBpes, (rj) rwv dXkoiv ttoXitcjv yvcapiiq ToiavTiq

TrapeicTTiqKeL irporepov irepl ifjiov, (o<; apa iyo) iixtjvvcra

Kara rcov eraipoiv Toiv e/xavrou, oVw? eKelvoi fxev diro-

XoiVTO, iyco Se (rcodeCrjv

—a eXoyoTToiovv ol e)(Opol nepl

ifxov, ôvXajxefOL SuafidXXeLV [xe—crKOTrelaOe e^ avrcov

Tcov yeyevr)ixev(iiv. vvv yap e/xe fxev Xoyov (Sel) SlSovul 55

Tojv ifJLOL Treirpayfievcov [xerd Trj<5 dXr]0eLa<5, avToiv ira-

povTcov onrep rjfiapTov kol e(f)vyov ravra 7roL7)(ravTe<;,

tcracrt Se dpiara etre xpevSofxai, elre dXrjOrj Xeyo), eêcrrt

Se avTOts eXey)(eiv fxe iv tw e/xw Xoyw" eyw ydp e(f)Cr)fXL'



28 SELECTIONS.

56 u/xa9 8e Set fxaOeiv to, yeuofxeua. e/xot ya/), c2 duSpeq,

TouSe Tov aya)vo<; tovt ecrri ixiyidTov, aojQivTi fx-q

hoKelv KaK(o ehai, (dWd npajTou fxev vfxds) etra Se

Kal Tov<; dXXov? aTravras pâdeiv ort ovre /xera KttKtas

oure /xer dvavhpia<; ovSeixtd^ tcov yeyeirqyiivoiv ttc-

TrpaKTat vn ip-ov ovSev, aXXa Sta avp(f)opav yeyemrj-

pevTjv paXiO-ja pkv rfj TToXet, etra Se /cat T^/^ti', etTTot'

Se a rjKova-a Ev(J)l\iJtov Trpovoia pkv rcov (Tvyyeva)V

/cat Tojv <j)iKo}v, Trpovoia Se T17S ttoXccos a7rdcrr)<;, per

dpeTrjs dXk* ov perd /caKta?, w? eya> vopit,oi. el ovv

ovTO)^ eêi TavTa, a-coêcrdai re a^ta> Kat So/ceti/ Vjati/

57 etiât p^ KaKo?. ê)oe 81}—xpr) yap, w di'Spe<;, dvOpoi-

ttCvcj'S TTepl Tcov TTpaypdroiv i.K\oytl,e(T6ai, cjcnrep av

avrov ovTa iv rfj (Tvp(f>opa—rt dv vpoiv e/cao-jo? iiroLT]-

(rev ; et pev yap tju hvolv to erepov iXeauau, rj KaXojs

dnoXeadai rj atcrj^pojg croiOrjvai, €)(0l av rt? enrew

KaKiav etvai ra yevopeva' Ka'noi noXkoi av /cat tovto

elkovTo, TO ^rjv TTepl irXetovo? Troir]crdpevoi tov KaXcus

58aTTodavelv' ottov he tovtojv to ivavTLCoTaTov rjv, cnoiTrrj-

cravTL pev avrw re atcr^tcrra dTToXeadai pr)oev acref^rj-

cravTL, eTL 8e tov TraTepa TrepuSelv dTToXopevov Kat tov

K'qhecTTTjv Kal rovs avyyevels Kal ave^Lov^ tocto'utov's,

0U9 ou8ets dTTcoXXvev 17 iycj prj eiTTaiv (o<; eTepoL rjpapTOV'

[ALOKXelSr)^ pev yap xjjevcrdpevos eSrjcrev avTov<;, <toj-

Tr^pia he avTCJV aXXtj ovhepCa rjV rj TTvOecrvai Aur)-

vatovs ndvTa ra Trpa^Sevra' (ôvev^ ovv avTotv eyiyvo-

pr)v iyd) prj elTTCov vplv a rjKovcra' en be TpiaKOcnovii

'A07)vaLO)v drrcoXXvov, /cat tJ TroXt? iv /ca/cot? rot?

59 peyiaT0L<; eyiyveTO' ravTa pev ovv rjv ipov pr}

elirovTo^' elvcjv Se ra ovTa auro? re e(r(ot,6pr}V /cat

TOV TraTepa ea'ct)t,ov Kal tov<; dXXovq avyyeve2<5, Kat 717^



ANDOKIDES. 29

iTok.iv Ik (poftov Koi KCiKwv rCiV [xeyiO'Tcov anrjXXaTTOV'

(fivydSeq Se St' e/xe Terra/jes ai'Spe<; iyiyvovro, OLnep

Kol '^fxapToV T(ov 8' aWcov, ot npoTepov wo TevKpov

eiJi/r)vv6r](Tav, ovre St^ttou ol reOuecoTe'; St' ijxe jxaXXov

iriOvaaav ovre ol êvyovre^ [xaXkov e(f)evyov') Ta{)ra 60

Se TTavra ctkottcov evpiCKOv, co dvSpeq, rcov TrapovTOiv

KaKojv TavTa eXa^tcrra elvai, elirelv to. yevofxeva cus

Tct^terra /cat eXeyât AioKXeiSrû xjjevcrdiJievoi', koI

TifMcopyjcracrOai eKeivov, 69 Ty/â? /xev aTrd^tWvev aSt-

Kws, tt}!^ Se Tr6\iv e^Trara, raura Se ttolcov iJL€yicrTo<;

€vepyeTyj<; eSo/cet eti'at Kat )(prj[xaTa iXdix/Bave. Sta 61

ravra elirov rrj ftovXy ort elêiiqv Tovq TTOL'qcravTa'S,

Koi i^Tjkeyâ rd yevoixeva, on elcrrjyyjcraTO jxev

TTIVOVTOV rjÔiV TaVTTJP TTJU ÔvkqV ^V(f)iXr]TO<?, dvT-

eZiTov Se eyw, fcat rore p^kv ov yevoLTo St' ejote,

vcTTepov S' iyoj jxev iv Kvuoadpyei inl ttcdXlov 6 [xoi

"^v dpa/3dq etreaov koX Tqv kXeIv crvverpi^'Tqv /cat ttiv

Ke(âKr]V KaTedyrjv, êpopevo^; re CTrt kXlvt)^ dneKO-

pLcr6r]V ot/caSe* alcrOopevo'^S'

Eu^tXryroscJ?

e)(OLpL, 62

Xeyet tt/oos avrovs ort TreneLcrpaL ravra crvpTrotelv /cat

copoXoyrjKa avTM peOeêtv tov epyov /cat TrepLKOxjjeLU

Tov 'Epprjv TOV vapd to ôp/3avTelov. raura 8' eXeyev

iâiraTcov e'/cetVous" Kat Sta ravra o 'Ep/xi^? oV dpare

TrdvTes, 6 Trapd ttjv TraTpcoav oLKiav ttjv rjpeTepav, ov

Tj Alyr]l<; dveOrjKev, ov TrepLeKOTrrj p6vo<; twv '^pp(ov

TU)V ^KOrjvrjcriv, w? i.pov tovto TroirjcravTO<;, ws eîq

Trp6<s avTov<s Eu<^tXi7ro9. ol S' alcrOopevoi Setm inoCovv ^3

ort elSeirjv pkv to rrpdypa, TreiroLrjK^s Se ovk elrjv.

TTpocreXOovTeq Se poL Trj vcrTepaCa MeXr)TO<; /cat EO<^t-

XrjTO<s eXeyov ort ** yeyiv-qTai, ou 'Ai^So/ctST^, /cat TTeirpa-

KTai rjpZv TavTa. crv pevTOL et jae^* a^tots rjcrvîav



30 SELECTIONS.

e)(eiv /cat (TioiTTav, eêts '/^â? i7rLTr]S€LOV<; ojcnrep /cat

TrpoTepov' et 8e /at^, âXeTTcorepot crot i^/Ltets i)(0pol

64 ecro/xeâ 17 aXXot rtiê? 8t' T7/xa9 (fiiXov." elirou avTols

ort vo/xtôtjLtt /xei^ Sto, to TTpayixa EvcftLXrjTou Troviqpov

eluai, eKeivoi'^ Se oOk e'/xe Setvoi' etiât, ort otSa, aXXct

jxaXXov avTo to epyov ttoXXw, ort TreTTOirjrai. w? ow

ni/ raur' akiqOrj, rov re TratSa tov e'/xw TrapeocoKa

âcravLcraL, ort eKap-vov kol ovS' aviardp-qv e/c T';^?

kXii^S, Kat rag 6epaLTTaiva<^ iXa/Sou ol iTpvTdvei<;, o6ev

65 oppcjpeuoL ravT iiroLOvv eKeivoi. iêkey)(OVTe^ Se to

rrpaypa tj re ôvkrj koX 01 IprjTrjTai, inetS-^ tjv rj iyd)

eXeyou kol (opoXoyeiTO TravTaôOeu, tote St) koXovctl

Tov ALOKXeiSr)v' /cat ov ttoXXcov Xoycov Iheqcrev, dXX'

ev6v<i (opoXoycL xfjevSeaOaL, /cat eSetro cr(iit,ecr9aL (^pacra?

Tovs TreCcravTa^ avTov Xeyeiv ravra' etvat Se 'AX/ct-

fiidSrjv TOV ^-qyovaiov /cat KpiavTov tov i^ AlyLvr]<;.

66 /cat ouTot pev SelcravTe'^ (oôvto (f)evyovTe<s' vpel^ Be

ct/covcravres raura AioKXeiS-qv pev rw BiKaa-TrjpLa) ira-

paS6vT€<s dneKTeCvaTe, tov<; Se SeScjaeVov? /cat peXXovTa<;

dTToXeicrdai eXucrare, roOs ipov^ crvyyevels, St* eê, /cat

TOV? (f)evyovTa<; KaTeSeâcrOe, avTol Se Xa/BovTe^ Ta

oirXa dTTrJTe, ttoXXcov KaKcov /cat klvSvpcov aTraXXayeWe?.

67 eV ois iyct), (o dvSpe^, ttJs /xez^ Tvxr]<; y i)(prjadpr]v

8t/cata)5 av vtto TtdvTOiv iXer)9ei,y]v, tcHv Se yevo-

pivoiv eveKev et/coro)? (af) dvrjp dpicrT0<i SoKoirjv

eTvai, o'(TTis elcrrjyrjijapivoi pev Ev^tXr^ro) ttlcttlv tcjv

iv dp0p(i)TroL<; dTTicTTOTdTiqv rjvavTKxidrjV /cat avTelirov

KoX iXoiSopyjcra eKeivco cov rjv aftog, dpapTovTCJV S'

eKeivoiv Trjv dpapTiav avTots crvveKpyxpa, /cat prjvv-

cravTOS KaT* avrcuv Teu/cpov ot jaei' avTwi' aTreuavov ol

S' eff)vyov, irplv Tj/xag utzo AtoKXetSou SeO-^vaL /cat



ANDOKIDES. 31

fjiiXXeLV aTTokeiadai. Tore he dTreyparpa rerrapas oivBpa^,

HavaLTLOv AtaKpLTOV AvcriCTTpaTov X.aipeSr)jjiov' ovtol6S

fieu e(f)vyov St' ijxe, ofioXoyco' icrojdr] 8e ye 6 Trarrjp,

6 Kr)SeaTyj<i, dveypiol rpei?, tcop dkXcov crvyyevdv enrd,

fieXXovTe'g aTToOaveâOai ctSt/cws' oX vvv optocri tov

riXiov TO ^c«J9 St' e'/xe, koI avTol ofioXoyovcnW 6 Be rrfv

ttoXlv oXr}u crvvTapciâ<i kol eU tov^ ear)(dTov<; KivSwov<;

KaTaorTijcra^ e^r^XeyÔrj, v/xets Se aTrrjXXdyrjTe fjueydXcov

(f)6/3o)v Koi 7(01/ ets dXXTfjXovq vttoxJjlojv. kol Tavr et 69

dXrjOrj Xeyoi, cS duSpes, duafiLjxvijcrKeaOe, /cat ol etSore?

StSctcr/cere tov'? aXXovs. %v Se /xot avroug /caXet tov<;

XvOeuTaq St' ijxe' dpicTTa yap du etSore? Ta yevofxeua

Xeyoiev eU tovtov<;. OvTOiol Se e)(et, w dvSpe<s'l^^XP''

TovTov dva^rjcrovTai koI Xeôvcnv vplv, eiws dv dKpo-

dcrdai jBovX-qcrde, eTretra S' eycu Trept roiv dXXoiV diro-

Xoyyjo-OjJLai. [MAPTYPE2.]

III.

nEPI THZ nPOI AAKEAAIMONIOYI EIPHNHI.

§§ 28—41.

ToLOVTCov S' iXTTLOcov /xeTacTôi'Tas T^ju-a? Set Svolv 28

Bdrepov kXecrOai, rj iroXeixelv fxerd Âpyeicov AaKeSat-

lxovioi<5, r) fxera Bolcotcov KOLvfj ttjv elpijvyjv TTOieZaOai.

eyoi fiep ovv eKeZvo Se'SoiKa fidXiara, w *AOiqvaioi, to

eWia-pievov KaKov, ort TOv<i KpeiTTOV^ (f)i,Xov<s d<l)ievTe<i del

TOv<s TjTTOv^ aipovpêOa, koX TroXefiov TroLOVjjieOa St' ere'-

pov<s, iôv St' •qp.d'i avrovs elptjvrjp dyeuv olTLve<; TrpcjTOP 29

fiev ySa<TtXet rw [xeydXa)—^prj yap dvafxvrjcrOeuTas ret



32 SELECTIONS.

yeyevrjixeva /caXo!? jSovXevcracrOaL—(nrovoas Troirjcrd-

fxevoL /cat avvOijJi^voi îkiav et? rov aTraz^ra ôvov, a

T^fXLU iTrpecr/Bevaeu 'EttiXv/co? TLcrdvSpov, T199 fx-qrpo^ rrj<s

T^/xere/Das ctSeXcô?, raura Âixopyrj TTCidopievoi t(o SovXw

rov ySacrtXecog /cat c^vyaSt t>}v /otez/ /Bacnkeax; hvvapav

dTTeâXofxeOcL oj? ovSei/6s ovaav dîav, Trjv Se 'Ajjiopyov

îkiav etXo/xeâ, /cpetrro) vofiLcrauTe'; elvai' dv9' (ou

/SacrtXeus 6pyi,aOel<; rjplv, crvju-jaaôs yev6iJievo<s Aa/ceSat-

lxovLOL<;, Trape(T)(€v avrots ets tov TroXefMov Trez/ra/ctcr^tXta

rdXavTa, ecus Karikvaev t^jxcop ttjv hvvap.iv. tv p.ev

30 /SovXeu/xa rotovrov i/BovXeva-djJieOa' XvpaKovcnot 8'

ore iqXBov rjpoiv oeopevoi, (fnXoTrjra pkv dvrX Staôpas

l9iXovT€<; elpijvyjv 8' at^rt iroXepov TTOielcrOai, riqv re

crvppaîav ctTroSet/cvv^Te? ocroj KpeCrTcov ij cr(êre/oa et'iy

ToJi' 'Eyeo'Tatwv /cat twv Karaiâtcoi^, et ôvXolpeOa trpoq

avTov<5 TTOielcrdai, rjpei<i rolvvv elXopêOa /cat rore ttoXc-

jaov jnei^ a^'Tt elprjvriq, 'Eyecrratov? 8e dvrt XvpaKovcricov,

(TTpaTevecrOai 8' ets St/ceXtai^ di'Tt rov pevovreq olkol

G-vixp.d)(OV<s €r)(€.iv XvpaKov(TLOv<s' i^ (ov ttoXXovs /xev

'A0rjvaL(t)v dnoXecravTes dpL(TTLvSrjv /cat rc3i' crvp^pdôiv,

TToXXas 8e vaus Kat ^prfpâra koX 8vva/xw/ diro/BaXovTeq,

31 alcr)(poj^ hieKopicrOrjcrav ol acodevres avTcjv. vcnepov

8'iJtt' 'ApyeCojv iTreCaOrjpev, olirep vvv r]KovcrL Tretôt^re?

TToXe/xeif, TrXeucravres eVt tt}^' AaKOiviKiqv elprjviq'^ rjplv

ovar]'^ TT/Dos Aa/ceSatjoiovtovs e'/c/caXeti^ avrwi/ rot' Ovpov,

dp-^rjv TToXXcop KaKcov' i^ ov noXeprjcravTe^ rjvayKda-

Orjpêv rd Tei^rj /caracr/caTTTetv /cat ras vavs 7rapa8t8ot'at

Kat Tovs <l>evyovTa<i KaTaSe)(ecr6ai. ravra Se iracrôvTOiv

tîxcov ot TTCiaavre^ 'qpd<; TroXepelv 'ApyeloL Tiva co(f)iXeLav

iTape(T)(ov iqplv ; rlva 8e KLvhvvov virep tcou 'Adrjvaiojv

eTTOLijaavTO; vui' ovz^ roOro vttoXolttov Icttlv rjixlv, voXe-



ANDOKIDES.35

[i,QV [xev ekicrOcLi /cat vvv avT dpTJvrj<;, T-qv Se crvjxixa^Lai/

'ApyeCcovdvTi Trj<i 1ôl(ot(ov, KopLudloju

Se tov^ vvv e-vov-

Ta'^ rr^v ttoXlv olvtI AaKeBaLixovCcjv. fjirj BrJTa, cu *A6ri-

voLOL, jJi7]Bei<s r]iJLoi<; raOra TreCcrrj' ret yap TrapaSetyjutara

Tct yeyevqixiva. roiv dixapTrjixaTCJU LKapd rots crcocfypocn

T(ov dvdpcoTTcou cocrre [xr^KeTL dpâpTaveiv.

Eio"t Se Tti'e? vixoiv 0% rocravTrju virep/BoX-^v Tr}<?;^;^

i-mOvpita's €)(ovcrLv elprjvrjv wg ra^tfrra yevecrOai' (^clctl

yap /cat ret? rerTapaKovO' i^/xepa? iv at? T^âti^ eêcrrt

/3ov\ev€cr9aL irepiepyop etvat, /cat royro dSt/cetv 'qpd<;.

QLVTOKpaTopa^ yap 7r€p(f)0rjuaL ets Aa/ceSat/xova Stct ravO',

Iva. p,rj irdXiv iiravafftepatpLev. rrjv re da^dXeiav rjpôiv

Trj^ iTrava(f)opd^ Seo? ovopdtpvcri, \iyovTe<i wg ovSet?

TTcoTTOTe TOP Srjixou Tcov 'Adrjvaiojv e/c roiJ cjiavepov Treto'as

l(T(ii(T€v, aWct Set Xa06vTa<; 'q iânaTTJa-avTas avrov ev

TTOLrjcraL. tov \6yov ovv tovtov ovk evratiôJ. ^T^jitt yap, 34

(o ÂOiqvaXoi, TroXepov pev ovto<s dvSpa crrpaTrjyov rrj

TToXet re evuovv etSora re o rt upaTToi \avddvovTa Seii/

rou9 TToXXous raJy dvOpconcov Kal lâiraTcovTa dyeiv inl

T0V<5 KU'SvuoVi, elpy]pr)<; Se vepi 7rpecrêvovTa<; KOLvrj'^

rot? EWyjaiv, iff) ots opKoi re opocrOrjcrovTai aTrjXaC re

crraOijcroPTaL yeypappivai, Tavra Se ovre XaO^lv ovre

iâTTaTrjaai Setv, aXXct ttoXv pdWov iiTaLveiv rj xpeyeiv,

el Trep<pdei'Te<s avroKparopes ert aTrehojKapev vpiv vepl

avTOJV cTKixjjaaOaL' fôvkeixraaOai pkv ovv dcrâXcGs

)(p7) Kara Sui/a/xtt', ots S' dv opocrcopev Kal (TwOcjpeda,

rourots Ippiveiv. ov yap pouou, (6 'A0r]va2oL, Trpos 35

ypdppara ret yeypappiva Set /8XeVoj/ras Trpecr/BeveLv

ripd<;, dWd koX Trpos tov<5 rpovrov? rows O/xerepovs.

ij/xets ydp Trept ju,ez/ rwt' eTotpcov vpZv xmovoeiv eicodare

Kal Svcr)(€paLveLV, ret S' ovk wra XoyoTTOteti^ ws ecrTcu



34 SELECTIONS.

vixiv eTOLixa' kolv fJieu TroXefxelu herj, rTJ<s elprjvrj'; intOv-

[jLeLTe, iav Se rts vixlvr-qv elprjvqv TrpaTTy, XoyilecrOe toi'

36 TToXe/Aov ocra ayaOa vixiv KaTeipydcraro' cttov /cat vvv

TiS-n TLve<; \eyov(Tiv ov yiyvoJcTKeiv rets StaXXayas atrtves

eto-ii^, Tetx>7 âX vrje^ ei yevrjcrovrai rfj TroXet' ra yap

rSta ra cr(êTep avroiv Ik ttJ? vuepopia'^ ovk aTToXa/A^ct-

veiz^, a77o Se roiv retxî' ov/c etz/at cr((iLcn rpo^r^t'. dt'ay-

/catws ow eêt /cat Trpos ravr avTeLTrelv.

37 'Hi/ yctjO Trore ')(p6vo^, (o AOrjvaloi, ore rei^r) /cat

j/av? OVK iKTT][JLe9a' yevopiivoiv Se tovtoii' ttjv ap^v

hrouqo'dp.eOa tojv dyaOcov. (hv et /cat i^w eTrt^fêtre,

ravra KaT€pydcra(r9e. ravTTjv Se Xafiovres d(j)opfJLrjv ot

Trarepe? tJ/ucji' KaTeipydaavTO ttj TroXet SvuafXLv Toaavrrjv

ocryjv ovrroi rts aXXi) TroXt? iKTiqcraTO, ra fxeu Treta-ai/re?

Tous "ÊXX^^va?, ra Se Xaôvres, to, 8e Trpta/xevot, ra Se

38 ^laordixevoi' Tretcrai'res ju,ez/ ovv Adyjurjcn TToirjcracrOai

tSv kolvcop ^rjixaTiov 'EXXTîôrajata?, /cat toi^ cruXXoyoi^

Twi^ j/ewv Trap' rjpA,v yevicdai, ocrat. Se raji^ iroXecov

Tpirjpei<i jxrj KeKT'qvTai, ravrats Tj/xas irapvêiv' XadouTes

Se ^€Xo7ô^'I/?70'tous ret^j^tcrajaevot ra Tei^' trpidixevoi

8e Trapd Aa/ceSat/xovtaji' /at} Souiât rovrwi^ Slktjv' /8ta-

adixevoL he tous ivauTLovs t'^v oipXW '^^^ 'EXXt^vcuv

KaTeLpyaadfxeOa. /cat ravra ra ayadd iv oyhoiJKOVTa

39 /cat 77eVre •))fttv eTecriv iyevero. /cparryêVres Se ra>

TToXeixoi rd re aXXa aTnoXiaapiev, /cat ret TeC^^r) /cat rets

iâvs eXafiov tJjjlcov ivi^vpa Aa/ceSat/xoi^tot, ras /u,e»/

TrapaXaôvTe?, ra 8e /caêXovres, oVcos jt-ti) irdXiv ravT

€)(ovT€<i d(f)opiJLrju hvvap.Lv rfj TroXet KaTaorKevdaraipev.

TreiorOevres roivvv v<^ lijixcov AaKeSaipovLOL irdpeicn vvvl

Tr/3eV/3ets avTOKpdropes, ra re ip€)(vpa rfpiv aTToStSoi^res,

Kat rd ret;)(ij /cat vavs ewi^re? KeKTrjaOai, rds re vt^ctovs



ANDOKIDES.35

'qfierepa'; etvai. rrju avrrjv roivvv o-p^-qv a.ya9u>v 40

\a[xfiduovTa<; rjvrrep i^fxcov iXdixâvou ol TrpoyovoL,

ravTr)v ovk olkteov (fyacrl rrjv elpiji'rjv TLve<; elvai. vra-

pLOUTEi; ovv avTol SiSacTKoi'Twr v/xas iôvaCav 8'

avTo2<; TJ/iet? iTToirjcraiiev, 7rpo(T6euTe<; rerrapaKOVTa

'q[xepa<5 /BovXevcraaOai—tovto p.ev tcjv yeypajxixevov el

TL Tvy^dvei yirj KaXco? e\ov' eêcm yap dcfieXeiv tovto

8' et Tt9 (rt) TTpoaOeivai ySovXerat, Tretcra? v/xct? Trpocr-

ypaxjjdTO). Trdat re Tolq yeypa[X[xeP0L<; ^(pcoiJLevoig ecTTiV

elpijurju dyeiv. el 8e (xrjSeu dpecrKei TovTOiv, TroXeixelv

eTOLp.ov. Kai TavT icj) vplv TravT ecxTiv, w AOrji/aloL, 41

TOTJTCJV o Ti dp ôvkrjcrde ekecrOai. Trdpeicri p,ev yap

'ApyeloL Kal lôpCvdiOL 8tSaô^'re<; ojg dfxeLVov ecrrt

TToXejxelv, 'qKovai 8e Aa/ceSat/xot'toc Trei(TovTe<; vfjid?

elprjviqv iroirjcraaOaL. tovtcov o iaTL to TeXos nap'

vjjilu, dXV OVK iu AaKeSaiiJL0VL0L<5, Sl T^jua?. TrpecrySevTo,?

ovv Travra? v/xa? T^/xet? ot TrpeVySetg Troiovfxev' 6 yap

TTjv X^^P^ [xeXXcov vfxcov aipeiv, ovto<; 6 Trpecrêvcov

ecTTiv, OTTOTep du avrw SoKrj, koI T-qv elpijmjv Kal top

TToXejJiov TTOieZv. [xeixvqcrOe pêv ovv co 'AOrjvaloL tov'?

yjlxETepoVi Xoyov?, \ljr](f)L(Tacr9e 8e rotavra e^ cop vpAV

jaT^SeVore [xeTajJieXijcreL.

3—2



f

AYIIAS.

I. OAYMniAKOI.

jf ^

.......K y "AXXwf re ttoWcou koI Kokcou epycov eVeâ, d) av-

/V ^P^?>a^LOv 'H|oa/cXeov5 fxeiivrjcrOaL, Koi ort roi'Se roi'

fv 1 aycSi'a vpcoro^ (xwrfyeipe St' evvoiav ttJs 'EXXolSos. ei/

V jaev yap tw rews ôvco aXXorpiws at ttoXci? Trpos

2 aXX?;Xas hieK€ivTo' iTreihrj 8e e/cetvos tovs Tvpduvovs

eTTavcre /cat rous v/3pLôvTa<; eKcoXvcreu, aycova jxev

(TOilxaTUiv iTTOir)(Te, ^LkoTiixtav Se ttKovtov, yvojp.rj'^8'

inLoeL^LU eV rw AcaXXtcrrw tt^s 'EXXoSos, tt'a tovtoji'

CLTTOLVTOiV eU€Ka CIS TO aUTO (TVVekOoilxeV, TO. jX€U oxjjo-

fxevoL, Ta 8e aKovcToixevoi' rfyrjo-aTO yap tov ivddSe

crvWoyov oip-^rjv yemjcrea-Oai rot? ''EXXr^crt ttJs vrpos

3 (xXXt^Xovs <^tXta?. iKeLvo<; jxev ovv ravO' vcjirfyijcraTO,

iyo) 8'tJ/c6j ou [XLKpoXoyqaoiJLevo? ovSe irepX to)v ovo-

ixdroiv ixa)(ovix€vo<;. '^yovjxau yap ravra epya p.ev elvaL

(TO<f)L(TTO)i> Xiau d)(prjaT(oi' /cat crcfioSpa jSiov heofievoiv,

avop6<; Se dyaOov /cat ttoXltov ttoXXov d^Cov irepi rcov

fjieyiCTTCov &viiôvXeueiv, opcop ovtoxs atcr^/ocus 8ta/cet-

[xevrjv Trjv 'EXXaSa, /cat vroXXct jxeu avTrjq ovra vtto tw

fiapâpo), TToXXds 8e TroXet? vtto Tvpdvvoiv dva(rTdTov<s

4 yey€vr}ixeva<;. /cat raura et /xez/ 8t' daOiveiav eVacrô-

/xej', arepyeiv av tjv avdyKr) T-qv tv^tjp' CTretSi} Se Stct

aracnu /cat T>^f vrpos ctXXi^Xovs (jaXoveLKLav, ttcos ovk

aîov Tiov p.kv TTava-acrOai ret Se KOiXvcrat, etSora? ort



. LYSIAS. ;37

^CKoveiKelv [xeu icmv ev irpaTTovTcov, yvwvat Se to.

êkncTTa riov ^'' avroiv''' \ opoiyLev yap Toil's Kivoijuovs koI 5

IxeydXov^ Koi TTavTa)(69ev Trepteo-TTyAcora?" iiria-TacrOe

8e ort rj pAv ap^ ratv KpaTovuTcov ttJ? OaXdccrr)';, tcov

Se -^y]p,dTO)v âcrtXevs rajata?,' ret Se tcHv 'FXXtjvcjv

arcopara tq)v SaTravdcrOai Zvvapivwv, vav^ Se 7roXXd<;

pkv avTos KeKTTjTaL, iroXXas 8' d Tvpavvo<; Trj<; XtfceXta?.

cocrre dîov tov peu 7rpo<i dXXtjXov^ iroXepov KaraOeadai, 6

T^ 8' avTYj yvcopri )(p(opeuov<5 T7]<; crcoTrjpCag dvTeêcrOaiy

KoX TTepl pev Tcov TrapeXrjXvOoTcou alo^vuecrOai, irepl

8e Tcov peXXovTbiV ecrecrât heoievai, koX tov^ npo-

yopovs pipelcrOai, ot tov^ pkv jBap^dpov^ i-rroiiqcrav

Trj<;

dXXoTpLa<s iinOvpovvTa'sTrj<s

cr(f)eTepa^ avTOJV iare-

pyjcrOai, rous be Tvpdvvov; iêXdcravTes KOLTrqp dnacrL

Trjv iXevdepCau KaTecrTiqcrav. 6avpdt,oi 8e Aa/ceSat/to-7

viov<s TrdvTOiv pdXicrra, tivi noTe yvcopy -^copevoL /cato-

pevrjT/ T'-QV 'EXXaSa irepiopoicnv, 'qyep6ve<i ovre'S tcju

ÊXXijvcDy ovK aSt/cws /cat 8ta T-^qu epcjiVTOV dperrju kol

Sid TTjv Trpos TOV TToXepov iTTLCTTTJpyjv, povoL Se 01-

KovvTe's aTTopOrjTOL Kal aTeiîcrTOL koI dcTacrtacrToi kol

arjTTTjTOL Kai TpoiroLs ctet rots aurot? ^(pcopievoL' (ov

eu€Ka iXnlf; dOdvaTOV ttjv iXevdepiav avTovs KeKTrjaOai,

KoX iv rots TrapeXiqXvOoori kiv^vvol^ (rcoTrjpas yeuopevovg

T7J<; 'EXXctSos TTepl tcov peXXovTOiv TrpoopdaOat. ov 8

Toivvv 6 eiTioiv Katpos tov napovTO'S /SeXTLCov' ov yap

dXXoTpia<; Set ras tcov diroXcoXoTcov crvp(f)opd<; vopCêiv

ctXX' ot/cetas, ovS' dvapeZvai, eco<; av en avTov<; rfpd^ at

SvvdpeL<s dpi(f)OTepcov eXOcocrtv, dXX' eiw? ert eêcxTL, ttjv

TOVTcov v^piv KcoXvcrat. tl<; yap ovk av'''

ivopcov''' iv tco 9

TT/jos aXXi^Xovs TToXepco peydXov; avrov? yeyevrjpevovs;

cov ov povov alaxpcov ovtcov dXXd Kal Beivcov, rots pev



38 SELECTIONS. .

(jieyaka yjixapTrjKocTLV iôvcria yeyeurjTat rwv Trenpayfie-

vcDU, TOts Sk^'EWrjCTLi' ovSeixia avTcou Tt/x.wy3ta. . .

.

II. HEPI TOY MM KATAAYIAI THN nATPION

nOAITEIAN A0HNHZI.

''Ore ipojxCôfiev, <o 'AdrjvaloL, ras yeyei^/xeWs (rvfi-

(f)opa<; iKai/a jxvrjiiela ttj TToXet KaroKekeiÔai, CLxne {Jirjdt'

du Tovs i.TTiyiyvoiJi4vov(; erepa? TroXtreia? eindvixelv, Tore

hrj ovTOL T0U9 Aca/cw? TrenovOoTa^ Koi dix(f)OTep(t)V Treirei-

pap.ivov<; eâTTarrrjcrai ^r)Tovcn rot? avrot? i//7y^tcrâcrt^'

2 olcnrep kol irpoTepov S19 '^§17. koX rovTOiV jxeu ov 6av-

/Ltctô), vjxcov 3e Tcou aKpocofjievoiv, otl iravTOiV icrre iin-

XyjafJLOvecTTaTOL 17 irdcrêiv erotftorarot Ka/cw? vtto roiov-

Tiov dvSpcop, ot Trj fxev TV^y twv e/c Ileiyaatw? TrpayjidTcov

liericrypv, rrj Se yvcoiir} rOiV i^ dcTTeo'S. /catrot tl eSet

<f>€vyovTes KareXOeiv, el êiporovovvT€<; v/xctg avrov?

3 KaraSovXctJcrecrê ; iyoi [xev ovv, cv 'Kdrjvaioi, .... ovre

yeVet aTreXavWjaevo?, aXX' dix(f)6T6pa tcov dvTiXeyovTcou

Trporepos oiv, rjyoviiai ravTrjV ixovrjv crcoTrjpiav eTvai rfj

TToXet dnacnv ^Kd'qvaioi<i Trj<i TroXtreta? fieTelvai, cTrel ore

fcat ra TeC^rj /cat ra? iâus Kat ra ^T^juara /cat (rvfiixd-

;j(ovs iKTijixeOa, ov^ oTTcug"''

'AOrjvaCcou rtm TTOiijcroixev'"

otevooviieOa, dWd koX Ev/3oevcnv iinyaixLav inoLOvixeOa'

4 wv Se /cat -JDu? virdpyovTa^ TToXtras dTroXovfxev ; ovk dv

efJiOLye TreCdrjcrdey ovSe jaero, tc3v retâJv Kal ravra r^ficov

avTcou TrepLaiprjaofxeOa, OTrXira? ttoXXou? /cat tTTTrea? Kal

rog-ora?, (hvvp.eis hiqixoKpaTifjcrecrOe,

T(av Oe i)(OpcJt)u irkiov iiTLKpaTrjcreTe, (o(()ekL[i(oT€pot. 8e

Tois crvjLtjaaôt? €(Tecr0e' inLCTTacrOe yap iu rats e^' i^fxaiv

oXtya^^tats yeyevTqfxivai'; ov tovs yrju KeKTrjixivovs eôv-

ras rryi^ TroXtf, aXXa /cat ttoXXovs pAv avTCJv dirodavov-



LYS/AS. 39

rag, ttoXXoOs 8' Ik rrj's TroXew? iKireo'ovTaq, qv^ 6 S7Jijlo<; 5

Koj-gyay^v vûv /êy TT^y vêrepav aTrôiKev, auros Se

Ta.vTri%javK irokyLiqcre ii^^raaêiv. icucrTe, av e/xotye Tret-

OrjcrOeyj ov tov^ euepyera?, Kaô Bvuaarde, T17S Trar/atSo?

aTTocTTepyjcreTe, ovSe rous A-oyov? TTLcrTOTepovs T(t>v epyoiv

ouSe TO, ixkWovTa rdv yeyeuTjixeucov zô/xtetre, aXXws re

Acat ixefivTjixeuoL tcop Trepl T179 oXiyap^ta? jxaôixeucou, ot

rco fiep Xoyco rw 8>7/aw TToXe/x-oucrt, rw Se epyw rwi^ u/x,e-

repoiv eiriOvixovo'iv' direp KTiqcTovTai, orav v/xa? ipijixov;

(TVfiiJidôjv Xd/3o)cnv. etra rot? twv u/itt' VTrapôvrcJU 6

ipwcri Ti<i ecrrat crcoTTjpCa rfj TroXet, et^ jw-^ TroLija-ofjieu

a AaKehaLfJiovLOi KeKe'vovcriv ; eyci Se rovrov? enreiv dîcj,

TL T(o TrkrjOei TrepiyevrjcreTai, et iTOiiqcraiixev d eKeiuoi

TrpocTTdTTovcTLV ] el Se /XT7, TToXu koXXlou [xaôfjt.ei'ovs

aTroOuyjcTKeLV rj âvepoi<^ tjixwv avToJv OdvaTOV Kara^r]-

(pCcracrOaL. '^yovjiai ydp, idu fxeu ireCdo), djJL(f)OTepoL<s 7

Koivov eivai kiv^vvov. opco Se 'Apyecou? Acal MauTLPea^

T7)v avT'^v eôi'Ta? yvcojJLrjv ttjv avrSiv olKOvvra^, tov<s

fxkv ofjiopovsouTa<s

AaKehaLixovCots, tovs Se iyyv<s oIkovv-

ras, KOL Tov<; [xeu ovSej' t]ij.(x)V TrXetoug, rou? Se ovSe

TpLcr)(LkLov<; ovTa^s. icracTL ydp on, Kav TroXXdKis et9 8

Trjv TOVTOiv ijx/3aXX(0(TL, TToXXct/ct? avToc? dTravTrjcrovTai

oirXa Xa/SovTes, owrre ov fcaXo5 o klvSvi'o<; avTol<s So/cet

eivai, iav [xeu viKYjcrojcri, rovrov^ ov KaTaSovXcoaecrOaC

y€, idv Se 7]TT7)0o)crL, cr(f)d^ avTovs to)U VTrapôvTOiV

ay(x.Qoiu dTTOO'Teprjo'aL' ocrco S* dv dpêivov irpdrTOJCTL,

TocrovT(o [^TTOv] iiriOvixovcTL KLvSvveveLV. eiôiiev Se ci 9

'A0r}vaiOL /cat T^jLtet? ravTiqv tqv yvcoixrjv, ore tcop EXXtj-

V(ov rjpôixev, /cat choKovîev KaX(oq fiovXevecrdau Treyoto-

pwvTes fJLev rrfv ^copau reixvoixeviqv, ov POjxCôvTes Se

XP'qvai Trepl avTrj<; ZiaîdêadaL' dîov yap rjv oXiyoiV



40 SELECTIONS.

ajxekovvraq ttoWwv ayaOiov <êicracrât. vvv Be, inel

iKeivo>v fxcv aTTOiVToyv [JôixV ^CTTepijfj.eOa, rj Se Trarpi?

ijjxiu XeXetTTTat, tajxeu otl 6 klvSwo^ ovtos (xofo^ eêt

10 Tcts eXTTtSa? Trj<i crcoT7]pLa<;. dkka yap ^/dt) avaiivqaOiv-

ra? OTi '^St) Koi krepoi'; ctStKov/xeVot? ôrÔrjcravTe^; iu rfj

oXkoTpta TToWa TpoTTaia tcou TToXe/xtwv IcrTrjcrapuev, av~

Spa<i dyadovs Trepl ttJs Trar/JtSos koI iqixoiv avToJv yiy-

veaOat, TncTTevouTa'; fxeu Tolq Oeols /cat ekTTitpvTaq to

1 hiKaLov fjiera t(ov aBtKOu/xeVwv ecreadaL. BeLvov yap dp

ely], w Â9r)va2oL, el, ore [xeu e(})evyoiJLev, eixa-ôixeOa

Aa/ceSatjoovtots Cva KaTe\dcop.ev, KaTe\96vTe<5 Se êvô-

[xeda Xva firj fxa-^c^jJieOa. ovkovv alcrxpou el els tovto

Ka/ctas yjôfxev, oicne ot pXv irpoyovoi koX virep ttjs tosv

oKkoiv ekevdepias 'EXXtJvcjv BLeKLvSvuevov, vjxels Be ovBe

VTTep rrjs v/xerepas avTcou roX/xare TToXejxeLV ; . . .

III. YnEP MANTI0EOY.

Et [x-t] (TVuyBeLV, d) ôv\i], rots KaT-qyopois jSovXo-

lievoLS e/c TTavTos Tponov KaKcos ifxe iroLelv, ttoWtjv avavTOis ^dpiv el)(ou TavTrjs Trj<; Karrfyopias' rjyovp.ai yap

rots aStKOJs Bialê^\rjfxevoi<^ rovrovq elvat y.eyicrr(jiiv dya-

0COU alrCovs, otrtt'e? dv avrovs dvayKat^wcriv els e\eyy;pv

2 Tcov avTols ê^L(o[jLev(ov KaraaTrjvai. iyo) yap ovtco

cr(f)6Bpa e/xavTw Trtcrreua), wctt' e\TTit,oi /cat et rt? rrpos

jxe Tvy^dvei ar^ScS? 17 KaKOis BiaKeiyievos, erreiBdv ifiov

XeyovTos aKovcrrj -rrepi t(ov TreTrpayixevoiv, ixerafxeXrjcreiv

avTco KoX TToXv /SeXxtw [xe els tov Xolttov ôvov yjyrj-

3 crecrOai. dîw Be, (o ySovXr^, edv fxev tovto fiovov vply

eTTiBeiô), cos evuovs eifil rots KadecrTrjKocrL Trpdyyiacn /cat

(lis y)vdyKa(TiJiai tojv avTcov klpBvpojv ixeTe)(eiv vfjuu, jxrjBeL'

TTcl) [XOL nXeou et^-af edu Be (âtVoj/xat /cat irepl Ta dXXa



LYSIAS. .

jaerpiws (êj^LOiKO}<i koX ttoXv irapa rrfv Soâv /cat Ttapa,

Tovs Xoyovs Tovs Tojv i^6p(iiv, Seojaat v/xc3i^ e/xe jaet*

SoKLfxaileLv, TovTov; 8e T^yetcrât êtpovs etz/at. irpcoTov

Se diToSeLô) ws ou^ iTnrevov ouS' i.ireZrip.ovv iiri tc^v

rpioLKovTa, ovSe pLerecTôv TTJq tore TroXtreta?.

'HjLias ya/) o Trar'qp Trpo Trjq iv 'EXkr](nr6vT(p crvjx- 4

<ÔjOas oj? XaTvpov tov Iv tm ll6vTa> ^LaiTriaopiivov<i

iêirepixpe, kol ovre t(ov rei^wv KaOaipovpeucju ovre

p.ÔiCTTapivq'^ Trj<; TToXtretas '% aXX rjXOopev rrpXv tov';

OLTTO ^vXi^s et5 TOV Yieipaia, KoreXdeLV Trporepov irivO*

7]ijLepaL<;. KaiTOi ovre jjju-ag etKO? r^v eU tolovtov Kaipov 5

d^ty/AcVovs iinOvpeiv pereêtv tojv dWoTpicjv klvSvvcov,

ovT eKelvoL (f)aCvovTaiTOicwTiqv yvcop.rjv e)(ovTe<s (ocTTe

Kol rot? diroSrjixovcn kol rots p.7]Skv iâjxapTdvovcn

jLteraStSovat ttJ's vroXiretas, aXXa pdWov '•qTip.atpv /cat

TOVS crvy/caraXvcrai'Tas tov hrjpov. eTretra Se e/c jaei' 6

Tou crai'tStov TOV<i l7nTev(TavTa<; crKOTreiv eyriOesA^Tiv' iv

TovTM ydp iroXXot pêv tcov opoXoyovvTcov iTnreveiv ovk

eveLCTLV, eviOi 8e tmv diroZripovvTOiv emyeypappivoi et-

(tIv. iKelvo<; 8' iaTlv eXey^jôs peytaTos' CTretSi} yap

KaTrjXOeTe, ixjj-qcjiCa-acrOe tov<; (f)vXdp)(ôv<; dweveyKeiV tov?

lTnrevcravTa<5, tVa ra? KaTaardcreL'^ dvoTrpdTTrjTe Trap

avTcov. ipe tolvvv ovSeis dv (XTrgSetêtev ovt direv^- 7

3ivTa VTTO TOiv ^vXdpyoiV ovTe TrajmhoOivTa toXs (tvvSl-

Kots ovTe KardcTTacnv irapaXajBovTa. /catrot Trao-t paStov

TovTO yvoivai, Blotl dvayKoiov r^v rot? (f)vXdp)ÔL<i, el prj

dTroSeCêiav tovs eôvras ra? KaraaTdcreis, auôt? tjjpL-

ovcrOaL. (^(TTe iroXv dv SiKacoTepov €KeCvoL<s rots ypdp-

pacTiv 7) TovTOLS TTLCTTevoLTe' Ik pkv ydp TovTOiV paSiov

^v iâXeL(f)0rjvat, tw ôvXopevo), iv iKeivois Se tovs

LTTirevcravTas dvayKoiov tjv vtto tojv (f)vXdp)((ov aTreve^6rj-



42 SELECTIONS.

8 V0.1, €TL 8e', <y fiov\-q, etirep tmrevcra, ovk av rju

eâpvo<i W9 hîvov tl TreTroirjKC^s, ctW rqîovv, aTToSetâs

tos ovSets vtt' e/xov rc^v ttoXltcju KaKoii<s Trinovde, 8o/ct/xa-

^€(T0ai. opco Se Kttl v/xa? TavTrj Trj yucofxr) ^pco/xeVous.

Kttl TToWovs iJ'û T(ov TOTC imrevcToivTOJV IBovXevopTa<5,

TToWou? 8* avTcou (TTpaTr)yov<s Kai nnrdpôv<i K€)(eipoTo-

vfiixeuov;. wcrre jMrjSeu oC akXo jxe ijyeicrdc ravrrju

TTOLelcrdaL ttjv aTroXoyiav rj ort 7r€pL(f)av(os iToXfjirjadu

jxov KaTaxjjevcracrOaL. Kvdîqdi he p,OL koI fxapTv-

pr)(TOV. [MAPTYPIA.]

9 Ile^t [xev Totvvv TavTrjq Trjs airta? ovk oTS' o tl Set

TrXeto) Xeyeiv SoKeX Se /xot, w ôvXt], iu [xeu to1<s aXXots

dycocri Trepi avTiov ixovcov tcou KaTrjyopiqiievoiv irpocrrJKeLV

aTToXoyeZcr6ai, ev Se rat? So/ct/x-actats hiKaiov eivai irav-

ro'; Tov fiiov Xoyov StSot'at. Seo/xat ovi^ v/xwi' jner' eu-

vota? aKpodcracrdai fjLOV. TTOirjcroiiai Se riyi' airoXoytav

(OS dv hvpojixau Bid ^pa^vTdrwv,

10 Eyco yap TrpcoTou jxku ovcrias jxot ov ttoXXtJs /cara-

Xeicfydeicrrjs Bid rds (TVfji(f)opds koI rds Tov Trarpos koX

ras Trjs TroXecj?, Suo pikv dSeX(j)ds eêSw/ca, iirthovs rpid-

KouTa jxvds eKaTcpa, TTp6<; tov dSeX(})6v S* ovt(o<s ivei-

fjia{X7)v cocTT eKeivov irXeov ojJLoXoyeiu eêiv ifjiov tcov

TTarpoiaiV, Kai irpos rous aXXovs diravTas ovtoj ySeySicu/ca

(ocrre ixr]oeTT<j(^7roTe [jlol fjLrjBe Trpos eva [JirjBeu eyKXrjfia

1 yevdadai. Kal rd fiev ISia ovtco BicoK-qcra' irepX Se rcSi'

KOLVbiv jMOL ixeyiCTTOu TjyovfjiaL TCKjxTJpLov etvat Trj<s ijXTJs

eTTiet/ceta?, ort tojp vecorepajv ocroi irepX kvôvs rj ttotovs

rj TrepL ras rotaura? aKoXacrta? rvy)(dvovaL ras Staxyat-

fias TTOLoviMeuoL, TrdvTas avTOvs oijjecrde fiOL hLa(f)6povs

ovTa<s, /cat TrXeicTTa tovtovs irepl ipôv XoyoiroiovvTas kol

xftevSopeuovs. KaiToi BrjXov ort, et tcov avTOJi/ ineOv-



LYSIAS, 43

fiovfiev, ovK av TOiavryjv yvcofjirjv eiôv nept ifiov. ert 12

, o) povAy, ovo€t$ av aTTOoetgat nepi, Cfiov ovvavro oure

hiK7)v atcrâv ovre ypa(f)'qv ovre elcrayyekCav yeyemj-

fxevrjv KaiToi erepovs opare TToWct/ctg €15 rotovrovs ayw-

iâg KadecrTTjKOTa^s. vpos Toivvv ra? (TTpareias /cat, row?

Ktz/Swovs T0U5 7rpo9 Tovs TToXefjiCovs (TK€\pacrde olov

ifiavTou 7rap€)((o t^ TroXet. irp&rov jxku yoip, ore tt/i^ 13

(rvfjiixa^Cav iironjcracrOe tt/jo? tov? Botcyrovs Kal et?

AXiapTov eSet Ô7]0elu, vtto 'Op0oôvXov KaTeiKeyixevos

iinreveLV, eTretSi) irdvTaq ecopcov toI<; fxku linrevova-LV

a(T(f)d\eLav eluai deiv vo/Aiôvra?, rots S* oTrXtrats Ktv-

Bvvov riyovp.evov<;, irepojv dva^dvTcov cttI tov5 tTTTrov?

dZoKiiid(TTOiv Trapd top v6[xov iyo) irpooreXOcove(l>r)v

r(o

Op9oôv\(a iâXelxpaC jxe Ik tov KaTokoyov, lyyou/x.ei'os

alcrxpov etuat tov ttXtJOovs fji€.XXovTo<s Ki,pSvvevciv dBeiav

ifxavTM TrapacTKevdcravTL CTTpaTevecrdai. KaC [iol dvd-

îqOi, 'OpOofiovXe. [MAPTYPIA.]

"^vXXeyevTCDV toivvv twv SrjixoToiv irpo Trjq iôBov, 14

€tSa»s avT^v ivLOV^ 7roXtTa9 fJ^cv -^rjCTTOvq 6vTa<s koI

irpoOvjxov^, i(f)ohi(ov he diropovvTa^, etnov otl ^'^ tovs

€X0VTa<: Trapiêw to. iTTLTijheLa toI^ aTTo/xw? Sta/cet-

fxevoL^. Kttt ov iiovov TovTO avvejSovXevov rot? aXXot?,

aXXa fcat avTO<s eSw/ca hvolv dvSpolv TpidKoma Zpa')(jjud^

iKarepo), ov-^ w? TroXXa KeKT'qixivo<i, aXX' Iva irapd-

Seiyfia tovto toIs aXXots yevrjrai. Kat [jlol dvd/SrjTe,

l_lMdpTvpe<s]- [MAPTYPEX]

Mera ravra toivvv, (o ôvXtj, eU KopcvOov iôSov 15

yevo(xevr)<s Kat TrdvTOiv irpoeiSoTcov otl ScT^cret KLvhvveveiv,

eTepcov dvaSvofievcjv iyoi BteTrpa^dixrjv ^crTe Trjq Trpc6Tr)<;

TeTayixevos iidêcrOai Tot's 7roXe/u,tots* /cat /MaXtcrra 7179

rjfjierepa^ (fyvXyjs hv(TTV^r)(rd(Tr)s, koI TrXeicxTOiv ivdavov-



SELECTIONS.

Tcov, vcTTepov dve)((jjpr)(Ta tov creyivov Sretyatecus tov

x6 Trdcnv a.v9poJTTOi<i SeiXCau cut'CtSi/coro?. Koi ov TroXXais

'q/xepcLVS vcTTepov ixerd ravra iu KopCvOco ^copioju icr^v-

pujp KaTeiXrjixfxeucov, (ocrre rov<s TTokefxiov; ixrj Svuacrdat

TTpocriivai, 'AyrjcnXdov 8' et? Trjv Botwrtav ep.âXovTO'^,

\}jy](f)LaaiJievcoi' tcou dpôvTCDV aTroâipi(jai raêts atrtves

jSorjOijcrovo-L, (fyo/SovfJievcov andvTcov (et/coro)?, d> fiovXt]'

Seivou yap ^v dya7rr)T(o<; oXtyo) irpoTepov (Tecr(sicrixivov<;

icf)' erepov kiv^vvov teWt) npocreXdcov iyd) tov raîapôv

17 eKeXevov aKXrjpcoTl ttjv T^jxeTepav rdîv TreixneLV. wcrr'

et TLi'e<; vjmcov opyitflVTai rots rd fxkv Trj<; TroXews d^LOVcrL

irpdrreiv, Ik Se rwi^ Kiv^vvoiv dTTohiZpdcTKOVcnv, ovk du

8t/cat&J9 TTcpl ifiov TTjv yvwixTjv TavTTjv eÔLEV ov yap

fjiovov rd TTpoaraTTopLeva eTToiovv Trpodvjxco^, aXX.a /cat

KLvSvveveiv eToXfjicov. Kal ravT eiroiovv ov^ cos ov Setvou

'qyovixevo'i elvai Aa/ceSatjaovtots [xdêaOaL, dXX' Lva, et

TTore dStKa>5 et? klpSwov KaSio'Taipirjv, Sta ravra êX-

rtwi^ v(f) v[xcov vojxLôixevo^ diTdvTOiv tSv hiKaicov rvy^d-

poLjXL. Kat /xot dvd^y)T€. tovtcov p.dpTvpe<;. [MAPTYPE2.J

t8 T(ov Toivvv aXXoiv crTpareicov /cat <^povp(ov ovSefXids

direXeicfiOrjv TrcoTTore, dXXd iravTa tov -)(J)6vov StarereXe/ca

êra twv Trp(oTcov fxeu ra? eôSous ttolovixeuos, /xerct tcov

TeXevTaCoju Se dva^wpatv. /catrot ^7} rows ^tXori/xco?

/cat KotrjLttws yoXiTevofxevovs i.K twv ToiovTOiV (TKOireip,

dXX OVK et rt9 ToXfxd, 8td rovro jxicreli/' ra /êf yap

rotaCra eTTtriôev/xara ovre rov? tStwras ovre ro koivov

Trj'i 77oXeco5 /BXanTeL, e/c Se rwi' /ctvSvveuett' edeXovTOiv

19 Trpo? roug TroXe/jttoug avravre? vêts axfyeXelcrOe. cocrTe

OVK d^Lov dn oi/zeoj?, w ôvXtj, ovt€ (faXeiv ovre pucrelv

ov'îva, dXX e/c rwt' epycou aKOTrelp' ttoXXoI [xeu yap

p.iKpov StaXeyo/xejôt /cat Koc/xtws dpuireôp^^voi ixeydXcDU



LVSIAS. 45,

KCLKoiv aXrioi yeyovacTLV, erepot Se T(uv Toiomoiv d/xe-

\ovvTesTToWa KoiyaOa i/ju,as elaiv elpyacrfJieuoL.

'^HBrj 8e TLVOiV i^cr66(jir]u, at /BovXt], kol Sta Tavra 20

d)(0oiJb€U(ji)v jxoi, ort vecDTepos oiv eTreêiyuT^cra Xeyetv iv

7(o StJixo). iyo) Se to jxev TTpcoTOV T^vayKoicrOrjp VTrep toju

ifxavTov irpayixdTwv BrjfirjyopyjcraL, erreiTa [xcvtol kol

ejLtavTO) BoKO) (jakoTLixoTepou ZiaTedrjvai tov heovTOS, djxa

fxev T(ov Trpoyopcov iv6vp.oviie.vo<;, ort ovhkv TriiTavvTai rdTrj<^ TToXecus vpaTTOvTes, dp.a Se u/ACts opoJv {rd yap 21

dXrjdyj )(prj Xeyecv) tovtov<s fxovovs dîov<i vopiitfiVTa'i

eTi/aL, (ocrre opcov vfjLd<s ravTrfv rrju yvcujxrjp eôvTa^ rts

ov/c av iirapdeLr) TrpdrTîv koX Xeyeiv vnep T179 ttoXccus;

ert Se tC dv rots roiovToi'; d^doucrOe ; ov ydp erepoi nepl

avTwv KpiTai elcTiv, aXX vpêls-

IV. nPOI THN ElIArrEAIAN nEPI TOY MHAIAOZ0AI TQI AAYNATQI APrYPION. ^

§§ 10—14.

Ilept Se ttJs iixrj<i iTnrLKrj'?, 179 ovto^ eToXixrja-e fJivr]- 10

<T$rjvaL 7rpo5 v/x,a9, oure 7171^ tv^v Setcras ovre VjU-a?

cd(r)(vv6ei^, ov ttoXvs o Xoyos. eyai yet/), cS /BovXij,

irdvTas OLjxaL Toy's e^ôvrdq ri Bvcrrvîxa tolovtov pacr-

TcoPTjv Tiva i,'r)TeLV /cat tovto (})LXo(jo(f)eiv, ottcos w? dXvTTO-

rara iieTa)(€.ipiovvTai ro crv/^yS6^817K09 irdOo'i. av et?

eyw, /cat TTepLTreirTcoKa)'; TOiavTrf crvix(f)opa ravTrjv e)w,avT&>

pacrT(tivy)v iêvpov et? ra? dSoug rag /â/cporepa? twi'

dvayKaioiV, o Se jxeyucrTou, ai ôvXiq, TeKfitjpLOV otl Stct ir

T-)}!/ crvficfyopdv dXX' ov Std tt}!' v^piv, cos ovros (f)r)cnv,

evrt Tous tTTTTOV^ dvajSaifo), pdZiov eaTi fxaOeiu. el ydp

e/ce/cT7^/jf>yv ovcriav, iir daTpd/3r)S dv (oôvfjirjv, aXX ovk

ei^t Tovs dXXoTpLOV<i 177770vs dve/Saiuov vvvX o iiTeiZrj



46 SELECTIONS.

roLovTov ov SvpafiaL KTrjcraarOai, Tot5 aXXorptot? tTTTTois

12 dvayKoiôfxaL ^(prja-OaL TroXXtx/ct?. ffatrot ttws ovk aroirov

icTTLV, (a ySovXry, tovtov ovtov, cc ^cj' ctt' daTpd/Br)^

oôu/xet'oi' eojyoa /txe, (TLCovav (tC yap du /cat eXeyev ;) ort

S' eTTt Tovs rjTr)}x4vov<i imrov? a^'aât^'&), iTtipdcrOai nei-

Oeiv v/x,a5 ws Suvaro? eiT^v ; koX on jxev Svolv /BaKTTfjpCaiv

^pwjLtat rojv dXkcov jxia -^(Ofxevcop, ixrj Karr)yopelv co<; /cat

TOVTo Tcov SvvafJLevcjv icTTLV OTt S' CTTt Tov<i LTTTTov; dva-

âivoi, T€Kfjir}pLO) ^rja-Qai Trpo^ vjxdq cos ei/xt toju hvva-

fxevcov ; ot? eyco Stct tt}^ avrrjv alTLav dix(f)OTepoL'i -)(pcoixaL.

13 ToaovTov he Siem/jvoêv dvaicr)(yvTia idv dwdvTcov

dv6p(x)TT(tiV, CJ(TT€ V/jLCtS TTeipOLTai TTeiOeiV, TOCOVTOV^ OVTatt rfSi' dZwdroiV lydi. koxtoi et rouro

Tretcret rtvag vficov, (o ôvXrj, Tt fie KOjXuet KkrjpovcrdaL

Tojv ivvea dpôvTOiV, /cat v/xa? e)u,oiJ /Jtei' aêXecrât rw

oôkov o>9 vytatiôt'TO?, tovtoj Se yjjrjcfiia-acrOaL TTcti^ra? cJs

dvamijpoi',ov yap hnjirov top avTov v/itcts jLtev ojs hvvd-

fjiCfov d(f)aLpyj<Te(T0e to StSo/xei'ov, ol Se cJ? dSwarot'

14 ovTa KkY)pov(T0aL KOikucrovcnv. ciXXa yap ovre Vjaeis

TOVTO) T^v avTrfV CX€T€ yvcifXTjv, ovff ovTO<s €v ^''ttolcov.^

6 p,ep yap c^cnrep eTTLKkrjpov Trj'? (TviJL(f)opd<; ovcrr}^ dfi-

<f)i(TlBriT7](ro}v ^Ket Kal ireipaTai ireiOeiv v/xa? 6>s ovk el{XL

TotouTos olov v/iets opare Travres* vyxets Se (o tojv eu

(jipovovvTov epyov eort) fidWou TrttrTeuere rots vfji€Tepoi<s

avTwv ocfydakfiol^ 17 rots toutou Xoyot?.

V. KATA EPATOI0ENOYZ.,

§§ 1-36.

Ov/c dpâaOai jxot So/cet dnopov etvaL, c3 dvSpe?

St/caarat, tt79 KaT7)yopCa<s, dXXa navcraaOaL \4yovTi,'

ToiavTa avrot? ro p.iye6o<; /cat roo'auTa to irXrjOos €Lp~



LYSIAS. 47

yao'Tat, ware y^'qr av xj/evSofxevop oeuvoTepa tcov vnap-

yovroiv Karyjyoprjcrai, }^{JTe Takr)Orj ôv\6iX€vov elTrelu

arrauTa Bvva(T0ai, d\)C dvdyKrf rj tov KaTt^yopov d^ret-

TTCtV y TOV -)(p6vOV ilTlXLTTelv. TOVVOLVTIOV hi fJiOL 8o- 2

Kovfxev Treia-eaOai 7) iv t(o irpo tov ôvm. TrpoTepov

p,€V yap eSet T'qv e)(6pav Tovq KaTr)yopovvTa<; eTnhelâL,

riTiq eh) TTpos T0V9 <f)evyovTa<;' vvvl 8e irapa tojp (f>evy6u-

TOiV -)(pri irwddvea-Qai ijrt? rjv aurot? tt/jo? tt^v ttoXlv

eÔpa, dvff' OTOV rotaura irokixiqcrav et? auTi}v iâjxap-

Taveiv. ov {xevToi cos ovk e)((ov oiKeLa<s e)(0pa<; Kai avfji-

(jiopd? Tov<i X6yov<; TToiovpâi, aXX &J5 ctTracrt 7roXXi75

d(^6ovia<s ovcny? virep tcHv ISlcov t] vnep tojv oiqixocrioiv

opylleaOaL. eyw fiev ovv, (o dvSpe<; St/catrrat, ovt e/xau- 3

TOV TrcJTTore ovTe aXXorpta npayixaTa irpdâ^ vvv rivdy-

KaafiaL viro tcov yeyevyjixevcov tovtov Koxriyopeiv, wcTTe

TToXXciKtS €15 TToWrjV dOvixCaV KaTe(TT7)V, fXTj 8ta T'^V

drreipCav ava^to)? koX dhvvgjjois-^'n'ep tov dSeXôu /cat

ifxavTov T'qv KaTr)yopCav TTOLTJcrcoixaL' o//-a)S Se ireipd-

(TOfiaL vjMas ii '^PX^^^'* ^^ BvvcofxaL BC iXa^CcTTCJV

StSctât.

Ou/xos iraTTJp KeâXos iTreicrOr) fiev vno Ilept/cXeou? 4

€ts TavrrjV Trjv yrjv d^tKeVât, en7 Se TpiaKovTa ^KTjcre,

KoX ovhevX TTCoTTOTe ovT€ i]iJieL<; ovre eKelvos htKrjv ovTe

ihiKaa-dixeOa oure e^vyoiiev, dXX' ovrcos (pKovfiev S17/X0-

KpaTovîevoi ^wcrre^ /at^tc et? rou? dXXov? iâfxapTaveLVj

liTjTe VTTO T(ov dWoiV dhiKelcrOaL. eTretSi) 8' ot TpiaKovTa 5

TTovrjpol jxev /cat avKO(f)dvTaL ovTe'S et? tt71' ^PX'l^ /care-

(TTTjaav, (f)d<TKovTes ^pyjvai tcHv dhiKOiV KaOapdv Troirj-

crai T'qv ttoXlv /cat rovg Xoittou? TroXtra? ctt apeTr]v Kai

hLKaLoavvqv TpairicrOaL, koX rotaura Xeyoires ou TocavTa

TTOLelv iToXjJiitiv,

wseycu ire/at tcov efiavroC irpcoTov clttcov



4S SELECTIONS.

6 Kol nepl T(ov vixeripoiv avaixvriaai TreipacroiJiai. ©eoyi't?

yap Kol Hcicroiv ekeyov iu rots rpiaKovTa Trepl tcov

IxeroiKOiv oj? eleV rtiês ttj TroXtreta dÔofxevoL' KaX\icrr'r]v

ovv eluaL iTpoâcnv rt/Acupetcrât îkv ook^Zv, rw 8' ^pyco

•)(pr]jjLaTLl,ecr0aL' 7rdvTCi)<; 8e Ty]v fieu ttoXlv TrevecrBai, ttju

7 3' dpvrji' ScL(r9a(, ^rjixdrcov. kol tov<; aKovovra'; ov

vaXeTTcos eireiOov dTTOKTivvvvai p.ev yap dvOp(x)iTov<^ irepl

ovêvo<; t^yovvro, \ap.^dveLV Se ^rjixaTa Trepl ttoWoveiroiovvTO. eSoêv ovv avrot? Se'/ca crvWa/Seiu, TO'urbiv

Se hvo 7rei'r]Ta<;, Xva avrot?fj

7rpo<5 tov<s aXkov<5 dnoXoyCa,

a>S ov -vprjixdroiu eVe/ca raura TrenpaKTai, aXXa crvfxî-

povra rfi TroXtreta yeyivrjTai, (ocnrep tl tcou aXkcov evXo-

yaj9 TreTToiT^Kore?. Sta,Xct/3a^'r£5 Se ra? olKLa<; ifBdhilfiv.

8 Kat e/xe /xei' êVovs ecTTitUvTa KareXajSov, ov? iêXdcravTe';

TLeCcrcopC /xe TrapaStSoacriv ot Se aXXot ets to ipya-

CTTTJpiov iXOofTe^ Ta dvSpdnoSa dTreypd<f>oi'TO. iyo) 8e

Iletor&Jiâ /xei' i^p(OT(ou el /BovXolto [xe aojcrai ^rjfJLaTa

9 Xa/3(ov' 6 S' ecfiacTKeu, el noXXd eirj. eiirov ovv oTi ra-

XavTov dpyvpiov erot/xo? ely]v ôvvaL' 6 S' (jojJLoXoyrjcre

Tavra TTOirjcreLV. rjTTiaTdixrjv p.ev ovv ort ovre Oeovg

ovT dvOpojirov^ vo/xtêt, o/xcus S' e/c tcHv irapovTcov eSo/cet

/xot dt'ay/catoTaTot' elvai ttlcttlv Trap avTov Xa/Selv.

10 eTretSi} 8e <^}ioaev i^coXetav eavT(o koX rot? TraicrXv ena-

pcoixevo^, XttySo)!/ TO ToXavTov jxe (Tcocreiv, elcreXdojv ets

TO ZoiixdTLOv*Trjv klJ3(ot6v dvoLyvv[XL' IleCcrcov o alaOo-

lxevo<; elcrepêrai, koI IScjv rd evovra KaXel tcov vvt]-

11 peTO)V Svo, Kal rd ev rfj kl/Bcotco Xaêlv eKeXevcrev. iirel

Se ov)( ocTov cojJioXoyyjcra elêv, d> dvSpe<; ZiKaa-Tat, aXXd

Tpia rdXavTa dpyvpiov Kal TeTpaKoaCovs Kvt,iKrjvov<i koX

eKOTOv SapetKou? /cat <^tdXas dpyvpd<; Tecr(7apa<5, iSeoixrjv

avTov e<ôSid /Mot SovvaL, 6 S' dyaTTijcreLV p,e eifiaaKev, el



LVS/AS. 49

TO o"c3/xa crcocro). i^tovcTL S* ifxol /cat Ileicrwvt iiriTvy- 12

^dvei M-ryXoyStos re /cat Mi^T^crtêtS^y? e/c rov ipy(X(TTiqpiov

aiin6vTe<i, kol KaraXaix^dvovcri vrpos aurat? rats Ovpai^,

/cat ipcoTcocTLV OTTT) /3aStôt/xe^'* o 8' e(f)acrK€V etg to. toG

aBe\(f)ov Tov ijxov, Iva /cat ra ei' iKeivrj rfj oIkio, aKe-

\}jr)TaL. EKeivov [xev ovv eKeXevov jSaStêiv, e/i,e 8e fxeO'

avToiv (XKoXovOelv et? âfiVLTnTOV. UeLcrcov he irpocr- 13

ekdoiv (Tiydv fxoi irapeKekeveTo koL Oappelv, cJs ij^wt'

e/cetcre. Karakapi^dvoixev Se avToOu ©eoyvLV eTepov;

(^vkd/TTovTO.' (o irapaSovTe? ijjik iraKiv wôvto. iv rot-

ourw S' or^rt pôi Kivhvveveiv eSo/cet, cJs xou ye dnodavelu

VTrdpôvTo<; rjhrj. KaXeVa? he AdfiVLTnrov \eyco Trpo^ 14

avTov rdSe, " CTrtrT^Setog ju-eV ju-ot ruyât'et? coz^, t^'/coj S'

ets TTjv (rrju oiKiav, ctSt/ccS 8' ovhev, -^^prjixdrcou S' eVe/ca

aTroXXvjxaL. crv ovv raura TrdcrôvTi [jlol Trpodvjjioj/

irapdcrôv t'û aeavTov hyva^xiv etg tt}i' e/xTî' (TO)Tr)piav."

6 8' vTrecrêTO ravra, Troirjcreiv. eSo/cet 8' aurw êXriov

eivai irpoq ®eoyviv iwrjcrOrjvcu' iqyeiro yap dnav TTovq-

creiv avTov, el rts dpyvpiov hihoiiq. eKeivov he 8taXe- 15

yofxevov ©eoyi/t8t (e/xTretpo? yap wv ervyyavov Trj<; ol-

Ktas, /cat 7y8etv ort dix(f)L0vpo<; elrj) e8o/cet /aot Tavrrj

Treipdcrdai crcoOrjuai, iuOvixovixeuco ort, eat' /otei^ XdOco,

croidrjcroixaL, edv he Xr](j>9oj, rjyovpuqv jxeu, el ©eoyvt? ecr)

TreTretcr/LteVo? vtto tov AajJiVLTTTrov ^ptjixaTa Xaêlv, ovhev

rjTTov d(ê6rj(Te(j9at, el he pLTj, d/iotoj? dirodavelcrOaL.

ravra hLavor]del<; e(f)evyov, eKeivoiv eirl Trj avXeCo) Ovpa iG

TTjv ^vXaKYJu TTOiovixevcov TpLcov Sc dvpiov ovcrcju d?

eSet fie hieXOelv, aTracrat ai'ewy/xeVat eTvôv. dî/co-

fievo<s he eU 'Apêueoj tov vavKXtjpov eKeivov TTejnr(o ets

acrrv, irevaoixevov irepX tov dheX(f)ov' tJkcov he eXeyev

on 'EpaTocrdevT]'^ avTov iv Ty oSw Xaôiv ets to hecrfico-

J. 4



50 SELECTIONS.

17 TTrjpLOV aTTaydyoi. koi iyo) rotavra TreTTuo'/AeVo? T'fj'i

iinovcrr)<; vvkt6<; SteVXeucra MeyapdSe. UoXeixcip^^co Se

TTapiqyyeiXav 01 TpiaKovra to vtt eKeivoiv eldicrfxivov

napdyyeXfJia, Trtveiv Kcoveiov, irpXv ttjv alriav eiTreiv St'

'qvTiva ifieWev airoOaveZcrOai' ovtcd ttoWov iêyjcre Kpi-

18 Orjvai KoX aTTokoyqcracrOai. koX iireLhrj direiêpeTO e/c

Tov SecrixoiTrfpLOV reOvecoq, rpi^v 'qpHv oIklcju ovcrojv

ouSe/xtct? eiacrav eêveÔrjvai, dWd kXlctlou fxicrOcocrd-

fJi€VOt TTpOvdeVTO aVTOV. KoX TToWoiV OVTOiV IfiaTLCJU

aiTovcriv ovhev eSocrav etg tiqv Ta(f)ijv, dWd tcop <j)Cko}v

o iikv IfxaTLov 6 Se TrpocrfceâXatov o Se o rt eKa(rTO<s

19 ervêv eSojKeu ei? ttjv eKeivov racfiiijv. kol ^^0PTe<; fxev

eTrraKocrta? dcnrLSa<s raiv rjîerepoiv, eôvre^ Se dpyvpiov

KoX ')(jiV(Tiov rocrovTov, ôXkov Se koI KocrfMov kol eirLTrXa

KOL IfxdTLa yvvatKela ocra ovheTvanroTe (oovto KTijcracr6at,

/cat dpSpdiToSa et/cocrt /cat eKarou, (ov rd fieu /3iXTLcrTa

eXa/Bov, rd he XoLnd els to Brjfxocnoi' dTreSocrap, el<s

TOcravTTjv dTrXrjcrTLau /cat alcrÔKepheiav d(f)LK0VT0 Kal

TOV TpoTTOv TOV avTcov diToSeL^LV eTTOiTjcravTO' Trj<; ydp

HoXe[Jidpôv yvpaLKo<; ^vcrov? eXiKrrjpa';, ovq eôvcra

eTVY)(avev, ore to npcoTov rfkdev et9 Tiqv oiKiav Mi^Xo-

20 /8tos, e/c TO}V ^TO)V iêCXeTO. /cat ovSe /cara to eXa-

-^KTTov ixepo<i TT79 ovo^tas iXeov vap avToiv eTvy)(avofJieu.

dXX' ovT(o<; etg "qfids Bid Ta ^TJjxaTa e^rjp.dpTavov,

(^(TTrep dv €Tepoi [xeydXojp dhiKyfyidTUiv opyrjv eôvTe<i,

ov TovTOiv d^Lov<; ye ot'Tas Tjj vrdXet, aXXa Tracra? Tas

')(opy)yia<i )(opr}yTJcravTa<;, TToXXas 8' elcr<ôpa<; elarevey-

KovTa^;, KO(T[iiov<s S* Ti][xdq avTov<; Trape)(ovTa<; /cat Trdu

TO TrpooraTTOfievov TTOiovvTa<;, e)(0pov 8' ovoeVa KeKTr)-

[levovs, TToXXov? 8' 'A9r}vaLcov e/c tcop iroXeixioiv Xvcra-

lxevov<; tolovtojv rfîoicrav, ov)( o/xotw? fxeTOLKovvras



LYS/AS. 51

(Scnrep avTol iTTokirevovro. ovtol yap tto\\ov<; fxev tojv 21

TroXtr&JZ/ ets Tov<i TTokeixiov; i^Xaaav, ttoXXou? S' aSticws

aTTOKTeivavTe^ arctôv? iTroCyjaau, ttoXXov? S' iTriTLiJLov<5

ovTa<; drCiJiOV'? T175 TroXeoj? KaTecrr-qcrav, ttoW(ov Se Ovya-

repas jaeXXoucra? e/cSiSocrât iKcoXvcrav. /cat ei? rocrov- 22

Toi' etct ToXfxrjf; a(f)LyixepoL cocrO' tJkovctlv aTToXoyrjcro-

fxevoL, /cat \dyovaiv cJs ouSei' KaKov ouS* alo-)(p6v elp-

ya(T[xevoL elcriv. eyai S' i/SovXofirjv dv avrous dXiqOrj

\4yeiv' jxeTrjv yap av kol e/xot tovtov rdyaOov ovk eXct-

îcTTov fiepoS' i^vv Se o^re tt/jo? t")}!^ TroXtv avrot? rot- 33

awra vTrdpêi ovre 7rpo<s ifie' tov dSeX(f)6v yap /xov,

(ocnrep /cat wpoTepov elTTOV, Êparocrdevrjq drreKTeivev,

ovT€ avTO? tSta aSt/cov/xeiôs ovre ets tt}!/ TroXtf dpcoi'

eâjjiapTdvovTa, dXXd ry eavrov 7rapafo/u,ta TrpoOvixco^

i^VTTTjpeTcov. dpaû/Bacrdixevo^ S' avrw ySovXo/ât epe- 24

crOai, U) dvSpes StKacrrat. ToiavTrjv yap yva>iJLrjV e)(0}'

iiTL fiev rfj TovTov ojtpeXeCa Kal irpo's erepov irepX tovtov

oiakeyecruat aarepe<s etvaL vofJuQaj, eiri be ttj tovtov

fSXafirj /cat Trpos avTov tovtov octlov koI evae/Bd^. dvd-

^r)di ovv fjioi /cat diroKpivai, o tl dp ae ipcoTCj.

'ATnjyayes UoXe/jiapôv 77 ov ; Tct vtto tSv dp)(6vT0)v 25

TTpo(TTa-)(devTa SeStw? iTTolovv. ^Hcrda S' iv rw /SouXev-

TrjpCo), 0T6 ol XoyoL lylyvovTo irepl rjyLiov ; 'Hi'. lioTepov

(Twr]y6pev€<; rots KeXevovcTLU dTTOKTelvai rj dvTkX€ye<i',

AvTeXeyov. \va ixrf diroOdvoiixev ; "iva [irj diroOdvrjTe.

'Hyovfievo'? ')7/xas aSt/ca irdaêiv rj St/cata ; "ASt/ca.

Etr , cu (TêrXtcurare iravTcov, dpTeXeya fxkv Iva ceo- 26

creta?, (TvveXdfxâve^ Se tVa dTT0KTeivaL<5 ; /cat ore /xet' ro

77X17^05 171' v/xcuz/ Kvpiov Trjq cr(0Tr}pi,a<; Trj<; 'q/jiCTepa^,

avTiXeyeLV <f)r)<; rots jBovXopêvoi^ T/^jJ-ds diroXdcrai, ineiSrj

oe eVt (Tot ix6u(o kyivcro koI craicrai UoXejxap^^ôv /cat fjLij,

4—2



52 SELECTIONS.

€15 TO Beer1X0)77}pLOP aTTT^yaye? ; eW ort /xeV, cJg ^ly?,

avTeiTTOJV ovhkv (o(f)eX'q(Ta<;, aguols \p'r](TTO<^ vop.il,ea9ai,

ort Se (TvXXa/Scju ctTre/crett'as, ov /c otet eôt koI tovtoictI

SovuaL Slktju;

27 Kat fxrju ovSe tovto et/co? avT(o Trtcrrevetv, elirep

oKrjOrj Xeyei, (^xxcTKOiv avTenrelv, ojs avrw 7rpo(T€Td)(^9r).

ov yap St] TTOV iu roi? ixeTOLKOL<; tticttiv Trap avTov

iXdfxâvov. eVetra rw tjttov et/co? tJv TTpocTTa^drjvai

rj ocTTLS dvT€LiT(6u ye iTvyxave koX yv(ii\Ly]v aTroSeSety-

jLteVos ; Ttva yap et/co? tJi' t^ttov ravra virypeTTJa-aL

rj TOP dvTeiTTOVTa ols eKeZvoi i/3oTjXouTo 77pa)(9rjvai;

28 ert Se rots />tev aXXois 'AOrjuaiot^ iKavrj [xol SoKel

7rp6(f)acn<s elvai t(ov yeyeurjixepcov el<s tov<; TpiaKOVTa

dvacfiepeiv Trjv alTiav avToix; Se toi)<5 TpidKovTa, av et?

(T(f)d<; avTov<; dvacfiepojcrL, ttw? v/xag eiAco? diroSeêaOai;

29 et /xei' yap rt? 7)1^ ei' Tiiy TroXet dp)(y] Icr^vpoTepa avTrj^;,

vcji' 179 avTM TTpocreTdTTeTO napd to SiKaLou dp6p(07rov<5

diToXXvpai, t(Tws av et/corajs avr&> crvyyp(o[x7]v etêre*

I'GvSe irapd tov

ttotekoX

X'i]\p6a-66 Slkyjv, eLvep iêcTTai

rot? TpidKovTa Xiyeiv ort ra vtto tcuv TpidKOVTa irpocr-

30 Ta)(^9evTa iTToiovv ; /cat ju,ei^ St} ou/c iv ttj ot/cta aXX' ei^

TTj oSw'''

crcoôvTa'' avTov koX Ta tovtoi<; ei/n^^tcr/xeVa

'"ov''', (TvXXa/3(i>v dTTijyayev. T5/x€ts Se 7rdvT€<; 6pyLl,e(T$e,

ocroi ets ra? ot/cta? rjXOov ra? v/^terepag tpfjTiqcnv ttolov-

31 fievoi rj VfJicov iq tojv vfxeTepcov rtvos. Katrot et ^7^ rot?

Std ttJi' eauTwv croTrjpiav eTepov? diroXeaacn crvyyvcjfxiqv

€)(€iv, iKeCvoLq av SiKaioTepov ejôtfe* klvSvvo's yap tjv

7reiJL(f)6€L(TL jXT) iXOeuv /cat KaTaXa/Sovcnv i^dpvoi<; ye-

vecTvai. T(p oe htpaTocruevei egrjv eiireLV ort ov/c airrjv-

Tiqcev, eTTetra ort ov/c etSei'' ravra yap ovt' eXeyôt*

ovre ^dcravov el)(ev, ojcrTe [xrjB* vtto tcov i)^0pcov /SovXo-



LYSIAS. 53

fievcav olou t eluai iêXeyx.6rjuaL. XPW ^^ ^re, c3 'Epa- 3^

T6crd€ve<;, enrep '^crda ^prjcrTO';, ttoXv (jloXXov tols fxek-

Xovcriv dSiKcoq aTTodavelcrOat fxrjvvT^v yevecrOai rj tov<s

dStKw? dnoXovfJLeuov; crvXXaii^dveiv. vvv Be crov to, epya

(f)apepd yeyevrjTai ou^ cJ? di^Lcoixevov aXX' cJs yjSofiei'ov

Tol's yiyvopîvoi^, ojaTe rovcrhe iK tSu epycov ^rj fjLoiXXov 33

7^ e/c T(ov Xoyo)!/ ttjv \\irjôv (jiepeLf, a loracri yeyevrjixeva

Tajif Tore Xeyoixevojv reKixrjpLa Xajx/SduovTa^, CTretSr} jxap-

Tvpa<g wepl avToiv ov;^ otoi^ re 7rapacr)(ecr6aL. ov yap

[xouov TjpXv Trapeiuac ovk i^rju, dXX' ovSe Trap* avroi^

eTvau, (S(rT ivL tovtols i(rTl iravra rd ica/ca elpya(Tp,evoL<;

Trjv ttoXlv TrdvTa rdyaOa Trepl avraiv Xiyeiv. tovto 34

fieuToi ov (f)evyoj, aXX* ofioXoyo) ctol, el fiovXei, dvTenreZv.

6av[xdi,o) Be tl av irore TTotr^cratg (Tvvenrcjv, OTTore dvrei-

TTelv <f)d<yKa)V aTreKretiâ? YloXeixapôv. êpe St], tC dv

el /cat dBeX(f)ol ovTe's eTvyêre avTov rj koI vtets ; dTrexfj-q-

(jiCcracrOe ; Set yap, d> duSpe's St/cacrrat, 'Eparocrdepyjv

Bvolu Odrepov dnoSelâL, rj cJ? ovk dinjyayev avTov, rj

cu? St/catojs TOVT eirpaêp. ovtos Be (OjjLoXoyrjKev aSt/cws

crvXXa/SelUf (ocrTe paBiav vjjuu Trjv BiaxfjujcfiLaiv Trepl avTOv

TreTTOcrjKe. Kal jxeu Brj ttoXXoI /cat tSu da-rutv /cat tojj' 35

êvcDV rjKovcTiv elcropievoi riva yucojxrjv Trepl TovTOiv eêre.

(hv 01 fiep vixerepoL ovTe<; TtoKirai p,a96vTe<i dTrCacnv otl

rj BiKr^v B(jj<T0V(Tiv (ou du eâiidpTwaiv, rj TrpdâvTe<^ fieu

(hv e(f)LePTai rvpavvoi rrj^ TToXeo)^ ecrovTai, BvcrTV')(rjcrav-

re? Be to laov vplv eôvcnv ocrot Be êvoi eTTiBrjixovcriv,

eicrovTai TTorepov dSt/cw? Tov<i rpiaKovTa iKKrjpvTTovcnv

e/c T(ov TToXecop rj St/catoj?. et yap Brj avTol ot /ca/cw?

TrenovOoreq Xa/36pTes dcfjijarovcnv, rj ttov cr(f)d<; avTovs

r)yrj<jovTai vepcepyov? VTrep vficou Ti}xo}povp,evov<;. ovk 36

ovv Beivou el tov<s [xev arparrjyovs ot eviKoiv I'au/Ma-



54 SELECTIONS.

ôvvT€.<i, ore Sta êtju.coi'a ov^ oioi t €(f)a(rav elpai tov<s

Ik Trj<; Oa\dTTr)<; aveKiaOai, Oavdro) i^rffJiKocraTe, i^yov-

fxevoL -^yjvaL rfj tcov reOvecDTcov aperfj Trap eKeivoiv

SiK-qv \aêlv, rovrovs 8e, ot tStwrat fxkv 6vt€<s Kaff ocrov

iSvvavTO eTTOirfcrav rjTT'r)6rjvai vavixa)(pvvTa<^, iireihrj Se

etg rrjv dp^v KarecTTrjcrav, ofioXoyovcnv CKOvreg iroWovs

T(ov TTokiToJv aKpiTovs dTTOKTivvvvai, ovK apa )(prj avTOVi

Kol Tov<s TTtttSas v^' viJicov Tttts icr)(dTavs tpr^îiaiî KoXd-

l,ecr9aL;

§§ 92—100.

92 BovXojxai Se oKiya eKarepovs duaixmjcra? KorajSaC-

vetv, t6v<; re e^ acreos koI tov<5 e/c Iletpata)?, iva ras

vfJilv Sia TovTcov yeyevrjixeua'; crvyi<ôpd<; 77apa8ety/x,ara

€)(0VTes T'qv \jfrj<j)OV <f)€prjTe. Kot TrpcoTOV [xev ocrot e^-

acrreos ecrre, cTKexfjacrde ort vtto rourct)!' ovro) a(f)6Spa

yjpêcrOe cocrre dSe\(f)o2<; /cat viecrt Kal TroXtrai? rjvayKa-

iêaOe TroXe/xeif rotovrov iroXefjiou ev (o 7]TTrj6ePT€<; jxev

Tot? VLKijcracrL to ktov eyere, viK-qcavTe^; 8' ai' rovrot?

93 eSofXeuere. /cat tovs tStov? ot/covs ourot /Ltei^ [<^^] ^'^ ^^^

Trpayiidroiv [xeydkov; eKT'qcravTO, vêt? 8e Sta roi^ tt/jos

coXXt^Xous TTokeyiOv iXaTTOv; e^CTe" (TWoaêKeicrOai fxev

yap viJioi<; ovk tjîovv, awSLa^dWeadai 8' '/Jt'ayKaôi^,

et? rocrovTov virepoxfjua^ iXOouTe^ (âre ov riov dyao(ov

KOLVoiJfJievoL -TTtcrrov? vjaa? eKTcouTO, dXXd t(ou oueLOcou

94 jaeTa8t8ovre9 euiôv? wovto eXuaL' dvO^ (hv vfiels vvv kv

T(p 6appaXea) ovTe<;, Kad' ocrov hvvacrde, /cat virep vfiajv

avTaju Koi vjrep tcov Ik Ileipatajs TLixcopijcracrOe, iv-

OvfirjOevTe'^ [xev otl vtto tovtcov irovrjpoTdTcov ovtcov

rjp)(e(rOe, iv6vp.y)6ivTe<i 8e ort /u,er' dv^poiv vvv dpicTTOiv

TroXiTevecrde kol rots TroXejutots ixd)(e(TOe kol Tvepi Trj<;



LVSIAS. 55

TToXews jSovXeveade, dva[Mjrr)(TOevT€<; Se tcou iiTLKovpoiv,

ov<5 ovTOf. (f)v\aKaq Trj<s cr(f)eTepa^ '^PXV'^'^^^ '^1'^ v/otere/aa?

SovXeta? et9 r-qv aKpoirokiv KaTe(TTiqcrav. Kai Trp6<; u/Acts 95

fxev ert noXkoip ovTOiv enreiv TocravTOi \iyoi, ocrot S' e/c

ITetyoatws ecre, irpaJTov jxev tcou oirkoiv dpa[jLuif]a9r)T€,

OTL TToXXa? [xdâ<; iu Trj aXXorpta /xaêcraju-evot ov^ vtto

rcuv TToXeixCcou dXX' vtto rovrwi' elpTJvr]<s ovcrr)<; dcjiype-

urjTe ra onka, eTreiO otl eêKr)pv)(ur)Te fxev e/c tt;? tto-

Xeoj? Tî' v/xti/ ot Trare/jes irapeSocrav, (fyevyoPTas Se vixds

CK TcHv TToXecov i^TfTovvTO' du9' (hv opyicrOrjTe fxeu oicnrep 96

6t i(f)evy€Te, dvajxvijaOrjTe he /cat tcHj/ aW(ou KaKOJu d

ireTTovOare vtt avTCJV, 6t tov's [xev e/c T179 dyopd<s tovs o

CK Tojv lepcou (TVvapirdt,ovTe<; /3tata>s direKTeivav, tovs Se

ttTTO TeKvoiV KoX yovioiv KoX yvvaiKOiv d(j)iXKOVTes foveas

avTciiv rjvdyKacrav yeveaOai kcu ovhe ra^ry? tt^? I'OjLttô-

fxevrjs etacrav rvêlv, 'qyovjJievoL ttju avTwv dp^rjv /3e-

/SaLOTepav eTvai T179 Trapd tojv Oecov rt/Awpta?. ocrot Se 97

TOP OdvaTOv Ste^vyov, TroXXaôv Kiv^vvevcravTe<^ /cat

et? TToXXa? TToXet? 7r\avr]0epTe<; /cat iravTcvôOev iKKTj-

pvTTojJievoL, ivSeel^ 6vt€s tcov iiriTTqêioiv, ol [xeu iv

TToXejata r^ TrarptSt tovs TratSa? /caraXtTTOi/re?, ot 8' eu

^€.vrjyfj,

TToWcov ivavTiOVfievcou rfkdeTe etg top Iletpata.

TToXXwi' Se /cat [xeydkcov klvSwcov vrrapâvTcov avSpe'i

dyaOoX yevojxepoL tov<; fxev rjkevdepcoaaTe, tovs S' et?

TTju TTaTpiSa KaTYjydyeTe. el 8e eSvcrrv^T^craTe /cat rovrwi' 98

Tjix^dpTeTe, avTol fxev av Seta'avre? i(f)evyeT6 /xt) TrdOiqTe

ToiavTa Ota /cat irpoTepov, /cat our' ai' te^ct oure ^(o[jlol

UjLtas dBiKovfievovg Sta tov? toutwv TpoTTOvs <o(f)eXr](Tav,

a Kol rot? aSt/couort crwrr/yota yiyverai' ot Se TiatSeg

vfxcov, ocrot jaei/ iuOdSe rjcrav, vtto Tovroiv av v^pitpvTo,

61 S' cTTt êvr)^ [jLLKpcov dv eveKa avfJilBoXatcov ioovXevov

iprjixia Twv iTTLKOvprjcrovTcov.



56 SELECTIONS.

99 AXXa yap ovrct fxekXoi/Ta eaecrdai fiovXojJiai, \iyeiv,

ra TTpa')(divT(t vtto jovroiv ov Sum/x«ôs etTreti'" ovSe

ya/a eiôs KaTrjyopov ovBe Svolv epyov icTTui/, dWa ttoX-

Xwj^. o/tws Se T^s e/Ai^s irpo^v/xtas ouSei' eXXeXetTrrat,

uTTe/) re rcot' lepaiv, a ovtol to, fxeu direSovTo rd S'

etctoi'Te? iiiiaiuov, virip re rrjq iroXecos, rjv jxiKpav cTTot-

oui', virep re tcGj/ vecopLOJu, a KadeTXov, koX virep rwv

redvecoTOiV,ois

v/x-et?, eTretS?) ^wcrii'iiraixdvai ovk tJSv-

icovacrOe, diToOavovcri ôy^diqcraTe. ot/xat 8' aurous 'qjjiaju

re aKpodcrdai koI vâa? etcrecrât tt}^' xprj(l>ou êpovra^,

rjyovixevov^, ocroi yikv dv tovtcov aTroxprj^Ccryjcrde, avTO)v

OdvaTOv KaTa\pr]cf)LeL(TdaL, oarot 8' ai^ Trapd tovtcov Slktjv

Xd/ScocTLU, VTrep avTOJU ras Ttjatupta? TreTTOtT^/xej'ovs.

Ilavcro/jtat KaTrjyopoju' dKTjKoare, iopaKaTe, ireirov-

6aT€, €)(eTe, St/caêre.

VI. KATA ArOPATOY

§§ 5-48.

5 'ETretSi) yap at vrje<; at vjxeTepaL Sie(l>6dpr](Tav /cat

ra irpdyiJiaTa iu rfj TroXet dcrOevecrTepa iyeyeurjTO, ov

TToXXw ôvco vcrrepov at re ^176$ at AaKeSaLfjiovCojv

iiri rov Iletpata dîKvovvrai, /cat aîta Xoyot -n-po?

6 Aa/ceSat/xovtovs Trept T'175 elpijvr)<; eyiyvovTO- iv 8e rw

ôuo) TOVTOi ol /3ovX6iJiei>OL vecorepa Trpay/xara ev tt^

TToXet ytyveaOai lireôvXevov, vo[JiLôvT€<s koXXicttov

Kaipov elXr)(f)evaL kol /xctXtcrra iv tw Tore ^povco ra

7 TrpdyjxaTa, cos avrot rj/3ovXovTO, KaTacTTrjcraa-Oai. 7)-

yovvTo 8e ovSei' aXXo cr<^tcriv i^TTO^wv etvat 17 tov<s 70v

S-qixov TTpoecTT'qKOTas /cat tovs (TTpaTr)yovuTa<s kol raî-

ap-ôvuTa<;. tovtovs ovv iôvXovTO ct/xwcryeVws eKTroooiv

TTOLiqaacrOai, iVapaStcosa ôvXolvto 'biaTrpdTTOLVTO.irpoi-



LYSIAS. 57

Tov [Jiev ovu KXeoc^wt'Tt eTreOevTO eK rporrov tolovtov.

ore yap t^ Trpcorr) eKKkiqcria Ttepl Trj<; elp7]ur]<; iyiyvero, 8

KoX ol irapa AaKeSaLfxovLCJv TjKOVTes eXeyov icj) ot? eroLixoi

elev TTjv elprjVTjv TToielcrOai AaKe8at/x.ovtot, et KaracTKaêir}

Tcov reirôiv roiv p,aKpa)v irrl Se/ca crTdSia iKarepov,

TOTE v/xets re, w ai'Spe<; 'AOtjvolol, ovk rjveoêcrde

d/covcravreg irepX rcou Tei)((ov Trj'^ KaTacrKa<^rj<i, KXeo(f)0)v

re virep vjjlojv ttolvtcov aiâcrras avTelnep oj? ovoevL rpoTTCo

otoi' re etrj Troieiv ravra. jLtera 8e ravra ©T^pa/AeVi^?, 9

i7n/3ov\ev(jt)v rw nXyjOei, tw vixerepcp, dvacxTa^ Xeyet ort,

eai' avTOV ekyjcrOe irepl ttj'S elprjvq<; Trpea/SevT-qv avTO-

Kpdropa, TToirjcreiv utdTe (xyJTe t(ov Tei)((ov SteXetv jxt^te

dkXo rrjv ttoKlv eXarrctJcrat ixrjSev' ololto Be kol dXXo

Ti dyaOov irapd AaKeSaijJLOuiojv rrj TToXeL evptjcrea'daL.

TretcrêWes Be vjiels elXecrOe eKelvov TrpeaêvTr^v avTO- 10

KpaTopa, ou Tw irporepco erei crTpaTrjyov ^(eipoTov'iqOivTa

diTeBoKHJi.d<ra,Te, ov vop.itpvTe'i evvovv elvat rat rrXrjOeL

T&> vfxeTepo). eKelvo? [xev ovv iXOaiu ets Kcx.KeBatp.ova 11

epeivev e/cet ttoXvv -^povov, KaToXnroiv vpd<; TToXcopKov-

pevov<s, elBa)s to vpêrepov 7rXrjOo<; ev arropia eôpevov,

KoX Bid TOV TToXepov /cat Ta Ka/ca tov<^ ttoAAovs tojv

eTTLTiqBetoiv ivBeels otras, vopilfDV, el BiaOeCrj u/ict? dno-

p(o<; utcnrep BUOrjKev, d(rpevQ}<5 OTTOiavfCvovv eOeXrjcrai dv

elpijvrjv TTOirfcraaOai. 01 8' evOdBe VTropevovres Kal 12

eTnôvXevovTeacnv pev otl ovk rjXOev ets

Ta otrXa dvaTravcr6pevo<;, to 8' dXrjde'g otl avreZirev vnep

vpcov prj KaOaipelv ra Tetîy. eKeivco pev ovv BLKacTTijpiov

TrapacTKevdcravTe'^ Kal elcreXdovres ol /3ovX6pevoL oXl-

yap^tav KaTacnrjcraa-9ai direKTeivav ev tt} npocf^dcreL

TavTYj. &y]papevrj<5 Be vcrTepov ({(^t/d'etrai e/c Aa/ceSat- 13



58 SELECTIONS.

fxopos. vpoa-LOPTEs 8' avTw Tct)u re cttpaTiqyoiv TLve<s /cat

Tcov Ta^Ldp)((ov, (ov rjv XTpo[x/3ix_^Sr]? Koi Atoi'vcroSwpo?,

Kal dXXoL TLves tojv ttoXltcop evuoovure^ vûv, tos y

ih-qkoicrav vcrTepov, 'qyavaKTOVV crôhpa. rj\6e ycip

<f)ipoiv elprjvTjv roiavTrjv^ rjv T]fxeL^ ^PyV fôi0o^Te<s eyuco-^

fxeV TToXXovs yap tcou ttoXitcjv /cat ayadovs dncoXecraixei',

14 /cat avTol VTTo tcov rpidKOVTct i^XadrjixeV' rjv yap dvrl

fiev Tov cTTt 8e/ca crraSta tcHv jxaKpcov Tev)(U)v SteXett' oXa

Ta fJLaKpd TeL)(r) /caracr/cai/zat, cti'Tt Se tov dXXo tl dyaOov

rrj TToXei evpiadai rag re vav<i irapahovvai rot? Aa/ceSat-

15 [xovCoLs /cat TO irepl tov ITetpata retôs irepieXeiv. 6p(ovTe<;

Be ovTOL ot dvSpe^ ovojxaTL pêv elpijvrjv Xeyoixevrjv, rw 8'

epycp TTJv SrjfjLOKpaTiav KaTaXvofJLevrjv, ovk eipacrav'

iiTLTpexfjai Tavra yevecrOai, ovk eXeovvTeq, oS avSpe?

'AOrjvaloL, Ta TeC)(r], ei Trecretrat, ovSe Krj^6p.evoi tcov

vecov, el Aa/ceSat/xovtot? TrapaSoOijcrovTai (ovSev yap

16 avrot? TovTwv irXeXov rj vpajv eKacTTO) irpocrrJKev), dXX!

alcrOoixevoi e/c tov rpoirov tovtov to vjxerepov TTXrjOo<s

KaTaXvOrjcroixevov, ovh' (ws âcrt TLve<i) ovk eTnOvixovvTe^

eLpyjvrjv yiyvecrdai, dXXd fiovXajxevoi /SeXrtw ravxT^?

elprjvTjv tS BrjiJL(p tcov ^Kdrfvatoiv TroLrjcracr6ai. evoixitôv

Se hwrjoreadai, /cat eirpaâv dv TavTa, el /xt) vtt 'Ayo-

1"] paTOV TOVTov'C dwcoXovTO. yvov^ 8e raura Srjpajxeurjs'

/cat ot aXXot ot eTn/3ovXevovTe<; vjjuv, otl elaC TLves

ot KwXvo-ovo"t tov Srjfxov KaraXvOyjvaL /cat evavTLCo-

crovTai nepu Tr]<s eXevOepias, elXovfo, irplu ttjv c'/ckXt;-

crtaf TTJV irepl ttJ? elpTJpr]<; yevecrOai, Tovrovi Trpoj-

Tov et? StaySoXas /cat klvSvvovs KaTaarrjcrai, Iva

lM7)oeL<; e/cet virep tov vfxeTepov ttXtJOovs dvTiXeyoi-

8 iiTLôvXrjv ovv roiavrr^v iin/BovXevovcn. TreWovai yap

AyopaTov tovtovl ixrjwrrjv Kara tcHv crTpaTiqyojv /cat

I



LYSIAS. 59

T(av Taîdpôiv yevecrdai, ov ^vveLôra iKeivoL<5, cu avhpes '

Âdrjvaloi, ouSeV [ov yap St^ttou i.Ke1voi ovt(o<; dvorjTOL

'ârav /cat a<^tXot, wcrre Trepl rrfkiKovTOiv av irpayiidroiv

TrpaTTovres 'Ayoparov cu? tticttov koX evvovu, hovXov koI

e/c BovXcov ovra, napeKaXecrav), aXX' eSo/cet auroi? oi>to<;

eTTtTT^Seto? etvat jxrjvvTrjs. iôvXovro ovv a/covra hoKeiv 19

avTO*' Kttl ju,'^ k-KovTa iLrjvveiv, onoi<; TricTTOTepa vpXv

v7ro(f)aivoLTO. tJg 8e e/cwi^ iixtjvvcre, Kai vixd<s ot/xat e/c

Twi/ TTeirpayfJievcou alcrO'qcrecrOai. e/cTre/MTTovcrt ya/) ct?

TTyv l3ov\'qp [jrjv 7rp6 toju rpta/covra /SovXeuovcrai^]

SeoKpLTov Tov rov 'FiXa(fiOcrTiKTOv Kakovp.evov' 6 Se

0eo/c/3tTO5 ovTos iTa2po<s r^v rw Âyopdrco /cat eTrtTTySetos./^ /*^

^

7) Se ôvXrj ij 77/30 tc3i' rpidKovra fiovXevovcra SU^dapro 20

/cat oXtyap^ta? iTreOvpêi, cos tare, ju,aXt(7Ta. reKpîqpiov

8e* ot ya/5 ttoXXoI ot e^ e/ceti^s rrjs fiovXrj<; tyjv varepav

ôvXriv r^v iirl tcou TpidKovTa iôvXevop. tov S' eVe/ca

Taura Xeyw v/xt^' ; tV etSi^re ort ra i//7y(^tcr/xaTa to, e^

iKeCprjs Trj<; /3ovXt;s ou/c ctt evvoia rfj vjxeTepa aXX*

cTTt KaraXvcret rouSt^jaov

rouvpierepov

dnavTaiXeyero,

/cat ojs Totovrots ovctlv avrots toz^ i'ovv vpoae^rjTe.

elaeXOcjv Se et9 TavTr)v ttjv fiovXrju iu dTropptJTco 0eo- 21

KpLTos pîqvvei ort crvXXiyovTai Tive^ ivavTLOicroixevoi rots

Tore /ca^to"Taju,€Vots Trpdyfiacri' rd [xeu ovv ouofxara ovk

e(f)7] avTwv epelv KaB* eKacTToV opKov<s re yap 6[x(t)[jL0-

Kevai Tov<; avTov<; eKeivoi'^, koI elvai irepovg ot ipovcri.

4

rd wo/xara, auros 8e ovk dv irore lyoirjcrai ravTa- /catrot 22 j^ff^f^^

et /u-17 e/c TTapacTKevrjs e/xTîûero, ttcos ou/c ai^ rjvayKacrev j^^^^

7; /SouXi} elireiv ret ouofxaTa ©eoKpiTOv koI [jl-^ dvcovvfiov f^t-r^^X'^

TTjv [xtJvvctlv TTOiTjcracrOai ; ^'v^'t Se rouro to i/fT^^tcr/xa* *

i^r)(l>LaaTO. [^HÛMA.] *^'^*tj^

'ETretSi} Toivvv tovto to rlfrj^Lcriio. ixlurjîcrOr), Karep- 22,



6o SELECTIONS.

yovTat iirl rov Âyoparou et? toi' ITetyoata ol alpe9euTe<;

Tcou /SovXevTcoi', Kol 'rrepiTV)(6vTes avTco iv ayopa ilp/jrovv

ayeiv, Trapayevoixevoî he Nt/cta? koX NtKOyaeVi^? /cat

akXoL TLve<i, 6poiVT€'i TOL TrpdyixaTa ov)(^ ota fBekncrTa,

eV rr) TToket oura, ayeiv [xeu tou 'Ayoparov ovk e<âcrai'

ITpo-qcreaOai, dcprjpovPTO Se koL lijyyvcovTO Koi (opôkoyovv

24 Trapdêiv et? rrjv ôvkiqv. ypaxfjafJievoL Be ol ftovXevToi

rd ouojJLaTa tiov iyyvcop.€v(x)v kol kcoXvoutcou, avrtot'Tes

(pôuTo els dcTTV. 6 Be 'Ayoparos kol ol eyyvqraX Kadi-

ôvcnu iirl top /Bcojxov 'M.ovpv)(^Lacnv' iireLSrj 8e e/cet i^croiv,

iôvkevovTO TL'xpyj

TTOieZv- ehoKei ovv rot? iyyvrjTaLq

Kal Tols aXXot? diracriv ixTTohwy Troirjcraa-Oai tov 'Ayo-

25 paTov W9 Tct^tcTTa, KoX Trapopixi(TavTe? to. TrpdyjxaTa

KaracrratT^, Xeyovres ort, et KOfiLcrdeLT] et? ttju ôvXr)v,

fia(Tavitpixevo<i tcrcog dvayKacrdrjcreTai ovoixara eiireiv

'A6r)vaL(ou cot^ dv viro/SdXcocrLV ol ôvXofxevoi KaKov rt

26 ev Tjj TToXeL epydt,ecr6ai. raura eKeCpcov Zeoyiivoiv, koX

TrapacTKevacrdvTcov TrXota, Kai avroJv erot/xwv ovTOiV

crvveKTrXelv, ovk iÔeXrjcre TrelOecrOai avTolq Ayoparos

ovTocri. KOLLTOL, CO 'AyopaTe, el [xrj tl ctol t^v irapecTKev-

acrpêvov koI e7ria'Teve<; pr]Seu KaKov TTeicrecrdai, ttco?

OVK dv \(o)(ôv KOL ttXolcjp TTapecTKevacrpevoiv Kai tcou

eyyvTjTdjv eToip.o)v ovtojv croi crvueKirXelv ; ert yap oiov

27 re (TOL Tjv, Kol ovTTCj tJ ôvXt] crov eKpdTei- ahXa [xev orj

ov^ opioid ye crot kol eKeivoi<^ V7rrjp)(€. trpajTov pev yap

Âdiqvaloi rjcrav wore ovk iSeSiecrav âaavLadrjvaC

eireiTa iraTpiha a(f)eTepau avTcov KaTaXnrovTe<; erot/xot

rjcrav crvveKTrXeZv /xera crov, iqyqadpevoi raura paXXov

XvaLTeXelv 17 tuJv ttoXitojv ttoXXovs kol dyadovs vtto ctov



LYSIAS. 6i

dSt/cct)? a/rrokiaOai' trot oe irpcorov fxev kluSvvo<^ rjv

â(ravi(rOrjvaL viroyLetvavTi, eTretra ov TraTpiSa du aavTov

fcareXtTres* wcrr e/c navTo^ rpoTTov aoL [xaWop '^ e/cetvot? 28

eKTrXevcrai crvue(p€pev, el jJit] tl rfv at eTrtcrreue?. vvv Se

aKO)u jxev irpocnroifj, kKoiv he ttoWovs kol dyaOov^

^Kdiqvaiaiv aTrcKretvag. cws Se TrapecTKevdaOrj dnavTa a

iydi Xeycj, kol [xaprvpe^ elcn /cat avro to \prj(j)L(TiJia aov

TO ttJ? ySovXiJ? KaTafxapTvp-qcrei- [>tH$I2MA.]

'ETretSry toivvv tovto to xljTi](l)L(TfJiCL e\l)7](f)Ca67j kol 29

Tjkdov ol e/c TT^s lôvkrj<; M.ovvvîat,e, eKO)V dvecTTiq

'Ay6paTo<s ttTTO row /SojfJLov' KavTOL vvv ye ySta (jirjcrlv

d(f)aLpe9rjpaL. ineLSrj Se ets T')}z' /BovXtjv eKopîcrOiqcrav, 30

diToypd(f)eL 'Ayoparo? TrpcoTov fiev twv avTov iyyvrjTcov

TO, ovofxaTa, eTrecTa t(ov crTpaTrjySv koi tcou Taîdpôiv,

eireLTa Se /cat aWcov tivcov ttoXitojv. 17 Se dp^ avTrj

Tov TravTo^s /ca/cov eyeveTO. ws 8e dTreypaxpe tol oiôjxaTa,

oi/xat /Ltei' /cat avrov o/otoXoyr^cretv et Se jxt], iir avTO-

<f>(op(o eyco ovtov iêXeyôj. ÂiroKpivai Srj fxoL. [EPfi-

^Fi/BovXouTO Toivvv, d) dvSpes St/cacrrat, ert TrXetovcoi/ 3

avTOV ret ouojxaTa dTroypdxjjai,' ovto) a(f)6Spa eppcoTo

tj /3ovXrj KaKov tl ipydêcrOaL, kol ovtos ovk eSo/cet

ayrot? diravTa TdXrjdrj tto) KaTiqyopy]Kevat. tovtov; jxeu

ovv dTravTa<s eKotu dTToypdêi, ovheynd^ avT(o dvdyKr)<;

ovar]^' [^jxeTa tovto 7rpocra7roypd(f)eL eTepov^ Toiv ttoXi-

T^v"] eTretS"*) 8e iq eKKXr^cria M.ovvv)/i,acnv ev rw OeaTpco 32

eyiyveTO, ovTOi a(f)6Spa rtveg inefjieXovPTO ottw? /cat iv

T(p Syj[JL(i> Trepl tcov (TTpaTrjydiv kol tcou Taîdpôiv

IJiTî>vcn<; yevoLTO {vepl 8e t(op dXXcju aney^pr) rj iv Trj

fiovXfj ijltJuvctls yeyeviqixevyj), atcne /cat cKCt irapa-

yovcriv et? tov Zrjîov. /cat pôi diroKpivai, di Ayopare'



62 SELECTIONS.

ov yap av oT/xat ere eâpvov yevecrOai d ivavrtov 'A^t;-

vaiiou OLTTavTOiv eTTOLrjcra^. [EPfiTHSlS.]

^2 'O/AoXoyet {xev /cat auro?, o/xws Se Kal ra xljr]î(T[JLaTa

vpHv Tov Sijixov duayucocreTaL. [*H*I2MATA.]

"Ort [Jieu aneypaxpep Ayoparos ovrocrl rwv dvSpc^v

eKeivoiv ra ovoixara, Kat ra iv rrj ôvXfj /cat ra iv tw

StJixo), /cat eoTt (f)ovev<s eKetvoiu, ^êôu n oT/xat O/Act?

iiTicrracT6ai' cog roti'w airavroiv rutv KaKtov atrto? tt;

TToXet lyivero koX ovS' v<^' ewg auroi' Trpocnf]K€L eXeet-

34 crât, eyci oi/tat vfxlv iu /ceâXatots (XTroSetêti^. eTretSi)

ya/) EKeLUOL crv\X7}cf)devre'S ihidiqcrav, rore /cat o Avcrai'-

8/D05 et9 rov<; Xt/xeVa? rov? vixeTepov<; eloreTrXevcre, /cat

at v'i7es at vjierepat AaKeSat/xoi^tot? irapeSoOrjcrav, /cat

rd reC)(r} KarecTKacfyq, Kai ol rpiaKovra Karicrriqcrav, /cat

35 Tt ou Tcui/ Seti'wt' rrj TToXet lyivero ; evretS^ roivvv ol

rpiaKovra Karearddrjcrap, evOea)<g Kpicriv ro2<s dv^pdcn,

rovroi'i eTroCovu iu rrj /SovXfj, 6 Se SrJixo<; iv rw StKa-

arrjpLcp iv Stcr)(tXtots i^rjcfiCa-aro. Kai jxol dvdyvuiOc rot

i//i7(^to-/xa. [^H^HMA.]

36 Et [xev ovv iv rw hiKaarrjptoi iKpivovro, /aaStoi? af

iaiuôvro' diravref; yap tJSt] iyvcoKores rjre ov rjv /ca/cov

"/y TToAtg, ej^ &> ovoei' ert co(peKei,v eovvacrue' vvv o ets

71}^ l3ov\rjv avrov<; rrjv irrl rcov rpiaKovra elcrdyovcnv.

7) Se Kpi(TL<i roiavrt) iyiyvero, olav /cat v/xets aurot eTrt-

37 aracrOe. ol jxev yap rpiaKovra iKaOr^vro iiri roiv f^dO-

poiv, ov vvv 01 TTpvrdvei^ Ka6it,ovrai' hvo Se rpdnel,ai iv

Tw TrpocrOev rojv rpidKovra iKeiaOr^v ryjv Se \Jj7J(f)ov ovk

et9 /caStcTKOvs aXXct (fiavepdv inl rag rpaTreâs ravra<; eSet

ridecrOai, ryjv [xev iirl rrjv Trpcorrjv, rrjv Se KaOaipovcrav

iirl rrjv varepav ^crre e/c rivo^ rpoirov cfxeWe rts avrojv

33 cr(i}6r}(Tear9ai ; ei't Se Xoyw, orrot et? ro (SovXevrijpiov



LYSIAS. 63

eTTt ro}V TpiaKovTa elcrrjXOov KpiOrja-ofievoL, aTrdvTOiv

6dvaT0<; KaTeytyucjcrKeTO Koi ovSev6<s aTrei/z^^tcrai^ro,

irXrji' 'Ayopdrov tovtovl' tovtov Se d(J)el(rav cos evep-

yeTiqv ovtcl' tVa Se elhrjTe ojs TToXXot vtto tovtov

redvgi(Ti, ôyXofxai vp2v to. ovop^wra avTcov dva-

ypcouat. [ONOMATA.]

EireLorj roivvv, (o dvSpe? StAcacrrat, 6dvaT0<s avrcou 39

KareyvuxTdr) kol eSet avTovs aTToOvqcTKeiv, [xeTairefXTrov- '^^'

rat ets to SecrjJLCoTTijpLOV 6 pêv dSeX(j)T]v, 6 Se pyjTepa, 6

ok yvvaiKa, 6 S' ij rts rjv eKdcTTO) avTcov Trpo<TrJKOv(Ta,

Lva TOLjuarara acnracrdpevoi Tov<i avTcov ovto) tov f^tov

rekevTiqcreiav. koX S^ zeal Ato^'vcroSoj/jos /aeraTre/ATrerat 40

Tr)v dS€\(f)-qv T'qv ipr^v ets to Seo-pcoTijpLOv, yvvcuKa

iavTov ovarav. TrvdoyLevq S' eKeCvrj d<^LKvelTai, pekav re*

IpaTLOU T^pcfiLecrpevr), co? et/co5 'û iirl t&j dvSpl avTTJs

ToiavTy crvix(j)opa Ke)(pyjpep(p. evavTiov Se rrj<; dSeX^rjq 41

TT^g iixrj<s Atoi'VcroSwpos ra re ot/ceta ra avrou SuiOeTo

oVcys avrw e'So/cet, Kal Treyol Âyopdrov tovtovI eXeyev

OTi atrtos 'î^ Tou Odvarov, /cat iTrecrtcqirTev ipol /cat

AiovvcTLCo TOVTCOL, Tw dheX(f)(o Tw avTOv, Kat rots ^tXot?

TTctcrt TL[X(op€LV VTTep avTOV 'AyopaTOV kol Trj ywai/ct t>J 42

auTou erricTK'qTTTe, vopit/av avTr^v Kveiv i^ avTOv, idv

yevrjTaL CLvrfj iraihiov, (f)pdêLV tw yeuoixevco ort rof

Traripa avrov 'Ayoparos aTre/cretve, /cat /ceXevetv rt/Aco-

/aeti' VTTep avrov ws <ôi'ea ovra. ws ovi' aXr)Orj Xeyoj,

pdpTvpaq TOVTOiv TrapeôjJiaL. [MAPTYPE2.]

Ovrot pki/ rotwv, (6 dvSpeg 'AdrjvoLOi, vtt Âyopa- 43

TOV ctTToy/DaêWe?, drriOavov' irrel Se Tovrovs e/CTToSoiv

iTToirjcravTO 01 rpidKovra, crêôv oljxai v/ias eTrtcTTacrOai

co<i TToXXd KoX heivd perd ravra r^ VoXet iyivero' (ov

ovTO<5 dTrdvTOiv aiTLOs icmv, dTTOKTelva<i iKeLVOV<;. dvtw-

s



\\

64

.

SELECTIONS.

[xaL n-ev ovv vTToixLfivrja-Kcou ras yeyevqix4va<s aviX(liopa<;

44 777 TToXet, avdyKiq8'

ecrnV, o) auSpe'; StKacrrat, iv t(o

TrapovTL KaipM, Iv elSrJTe cJ? cr(f)6Spa vyuv iXeelu irpoo-rj-

KCt 'Ayoparov. LcrTe fxkv yap tov<; e/c XakafjiLuo^ rdv tto-

Xltcju KOfJLLcrdeuTa';, oIol tjctcw Kai ocrot, /cat oiw okedpco

viTO Tcov TpiaKOVTa diTcoXovTO' i(TT€ ok TOv<; i^ 'EXeucrt-

V09, te>5 TToWol TavTTj Tjj oTVjJicfyopa iy(prjcravTO' ixeixvrjcrOe

e Kat Toug evuaoe oia ras totas €)(upa<; a7rayop.evov<; et?

45 TO Sea[McoT'qp 1.0V' ot ovSet* KaKov rrju ttoXlv TroirjcravTe<;

rfvayKatôvTO al(r)(i(TT(ii /cat aKXeecTTaTa) oXeOpco drroXXv-

crOai, ol jxeu yovea<; crêT4pov<i avTCou TrpecrySuras /cara-

XetTTOvreg, ot rjXTnt,ov viro tcjv (T(fi€T€pcov avTcou TraCSov

yr}poTpo(f)r]6ePTe<;, eVetST) TeXevTrjcreLav rov /Blov, Ta(f)ij-

creorOaL, ot Se dSeX(f)d<; aiê/cSorovg, ot 8e vratSa? /xt-

46 Kpov<; TToXXrj<i eTL Oepaireia^ Seo/xeVovs* ov?, cu ai^S/ae?

8tKao"Tat, TTOiav riva oiecrOe yuajixrjv Trepl tovtov €)(eLv,

7) TTOiav TLvd av xprjffiov dicrdai, el in eKelvoi^; yevono,

dnocTTeprjOei'Ta'; Sid tovtov tcop -qSia-Tajv; ert Se raretî^

cJg KaTecTKacfyy], /cat at vyjes rots TroXe/xtots TrapeSoOrjaav,

Kal Tct vewpia KaOypedr), /cat Aa/ceSat/xoi^tot ttJv a/cpo-

TToXti^ v/xwi^ etX°^' '^^^ "*? Sut'a/xtg drracra Trj<5 Tro'Xeco?

TTapeXvdy], wcrTe fxrjSev hia<f>epeiv t-^s eXa^tcrr');? ttoXccu?

47TT]!' TToXtz^. 77/309 8e TOUTOt? Tas tSttt? ovcTtas aTTcoXeVaTe,

/cat TO TeXeuTatoj' crvXXijporjv diravTe^ tjtto twv^ TpiaKOVTa

e/cttJs TTttT/DtSo? i^r)Xd6r]Te. TavTa e/cetvot ot ayaôt

avope<; alcrOoixevoi ovk e<âcrav e7rtTpei//at ttJi^ elpijinrjv,

48 w dvSpes SiKaoTTaC, TroiTJaacrdat' ov<? av, 'AyopaTe,

/SovXo/xeVov? dyaOov tl npdâL ttj TroXet direKTeivaq,

fjir]vvaa<i avTov<» [rfj TroXet] einôvXeveiv tw irXiqOei tS

vpjeTepo), /cat atTtog et dndvT(ov Tjj TroXet Tcuf KaKcov t(ov

yeyevrjfxevcov. vvv ovv iivr}a6ivTe<z /cat tcHv ISlcov eKaaroz



LYSIAS. 6s

Sv(TTV)(y]ixdTa)v kol tcov kolvcop rrj's ttoXcw?, TLiicopeLcrOc

TOP aiTlOV TOVTOiV.

VII. nEPI TOY IHKOY. ^

§§ 17-25.

Etc Toivvv el tojv olKercov irapecrTr] jjlol fM'qoeu cfipov- 17

ritêiv, 77aj5 av irokixTja-a to<tovt(ov ixeixLcrdcofxevcov Koi

aTTavTOiv (TvveiBoTdiv a(j>avi(jai rov arjKou ^paîo<; fjiev

KepSov<; eueKa, TrpoêcTjatas Se ovSe/xta? ovary)<s tw klv-

Sut'O) Toi<i elpyacrixevoL^ avracrt to ôipiov oixouo^ Trpocr-

rJKOv elvai crcoov tou crrjKov, Iv el rts avrov? rjTiaTO,

ebôv avevejKeZv otco irapehocrav. vvv he kol ijxe dnoXv-

(TavTe9 civ otos t rjv 7rdvTa<; ireZcrai Toiis

7rapL6vTa<;, iq tov^ yeiTova';, ot ov [xovov dXXrjXcov tovt

IcacTiv d TrdcTLV opdv eêaTiv, dXXd koL Trepl (ov dno-

KpvTTTojJLeOa [xrjSeva etSeVat, Kat irepl eKeivcov ttvv-

OdvovTai ; ipôX toivvv tovtcov ol [xev (f)LXoi ol Se hidôpoi

Trepl Tcov epcov Tvy)(dvovcrLV ovTe<i. ov<; e^rjv tovtov 19

irapaorêcrdaL p.dpTvpa'?, kol pr) povov ovtcj ToXprjpd'i

KaTr)yopLa<g TroieZaOai' 09 (^-qcnv ws iyoi pev Trapeiarrj-

KeLV, ol 8' oiKerai eêTepvov ret irpepva, dva9epevo<s Be

6 ôrjXdTrjq (^êTO dirdyoiv

m^vXa. KaiToi, co NtKo- 20

pa)(e, xprjv ere totc koL irapaKaXelv rous TrapcovTaq

pdpTvpaq, KOL (jiavepov Troielv to npdypa' /cat ipol pev

ovSepCav dv diroXoyCav VTreXL7Te<5, avros 8e, el pev ctol

e)(6p6<; "qv, iv tovtco tco Tponco rjcrOa av pe TeTupcopr)-

pevo<;, el Se Trjq 7roA.e&JS eVe/ca eTrparres, ovt(o<; i$eXeyâ<;

ovK dv e8o/cets eti'at trvKoâfri^?, el Se KepSaiveiv 21

J- 5



66 SELECTIONS.

i/BovXov, TOT U.V 7T\eL(TT0V eXttySc?* (âvepov yap 6vto<;

Tov TrpdyjJiaTO^ ovBejJiCav aWrju ijyovfxiQv au elfat jxoi

aoiTTipiav rj ere ireicrai. tovtcov roivvv ovhev iroLrjcra^

8ta Tov<i (Tov's Xoyovs a^tot? [xe airokicrdaL, koX Karr]-

yopeis w? VTTO tt7s ijJiyj'; ovudf.ieo)'; /cat tcoi' ijxcuv XPV~

2 2 [xdT(i)V ouSets iOekeL crot }xapTvpeiv. kciitoi el (f)rjcra<5 jx

ISelv rrfv ixopCav d(j)avLl,ovTa rovg evvea apôvra^ eTTij-

yaye? y aXXovs rtm? tcou e^ Âpeuov irdyov, ovk dv

erepajv eSei <tol fiapTvpcov' ovto) yap av crot crvvrjSeaav

dkr)0yj \eyovri, olirep Ka\ hiayiyvoJcTKeiv e/xeXXop nepl

23 TOV irpdyixaTo^. SeivoTara ovv irdaô), os el jxeu nape-

(jêTO fxdpTvpa<;, tovtol<; dv rjîov TTia-Tevetv, eVetS?)

he OVK elcrlv avTco, ijxol Kal ravTrju tpqixiav oierai

Xprjvai yevecrOai. koI tovtov [xev ov Oavfidlâ}' ov yap

StJttov crvK0(f)avTajv a/ta tolovtcov ye Xoycov arroprjcrei

/cat iiapTvpisiV v/xa? o ovk agtcu Tiqv avrr^v tqvtco

24 yvcofJLrjv e)(eiv. inCcTTacrBe yap ev tm Trehico 7roXXd<s

lxopia<i oucra? Kat Trvp/caictg eV rot? aXXot? rot? e/xot?

-)(0)pLOL<;, dq, eiirep eTredvpôvv, rroXv rjv acrcfyaXea-Tepop

Kal d(f)apt(TaL /cat e/c/coi//at /cat euepydcTacrOai, ocrcpTrep

TjTTov TO dhiKrjfxa TToXXoip ovacov ejJLeXXe SrjXov eaeaOai.

25 vvv 8' ovroj? aura? irepX ttoXXov Trotou/xat (ocnrep Kal

TTjv dXXy)v ovatav, rjyovp.evoteVovg fxeu eKdcTTOV ju-t^vo?,

yv(x>ixova<^ he TvefXTrovTa^ KaO" eKacTTOV eviavTov Siv

ovSets iraiTTOT H^rjixLoxrev oj? ipyatôfievov ra Trepl rets

/Aopta? x^P^^-



t-^V

LYSIAS. 67

VIII. KATA 0EOMNHITOY.§§ 6—20.

lor&j? rotvvv, (o auhpes St/cacrrat, irepl totjtcov fxep

ovoeu dTToXoyrja-eTOiL, ipel 8e vr/aos vfxd<; direp eroX/xa

Xeyeiu kol npos top hiaiTYjTTJv, w? ovk ecrrt tcov dnopprj-

rctiv, iav rts €(,7717 tw Trarepa direKTOvevai' tov yap vopiov

ov TavT OLTTdyopeveiv, aXX' dvSpo<f)6vov ovk idp \iyeiv.

iyo) 8* oTjxaL vjxd<s, (o dvSpe<; StKacrrai, ov Trepl T(ov

ovofxaTOiv Staêpecrât dXXd riys tovtcov Stavota?, /cat

TTcti^ra? elSevat on, ocrot [dneKTouacrL rtva?, /cat dvdpo-

ôvoi T(ou avTCJu etcrt, /cat ocrot] duSpo(j)6voL elcrC, /cat

aTTeKTovaa-t rtva?. ttoXu yaya ai^ epyov rjv rw vofioOerrj

airavra ra ovoîara ypdêiv^ ocra ri}!/ avrT^z/ hvvajxiv

ejêt* dXXa Treyat et'o? etTrfut" Trept TrdvTMV iSrjXocrev. ov 8

yet/) §g7rov, w (d€6[JLvr]aT€, et /xeV rts cr' etTTOt TrarpaXo^^^^^^^^^^^^

7) iiy)TpaXoiap, rjîovi dv avTov 6<^Xeiv aoi Slktjv, el Se

Tt? etTTOt oj? Ti}f TEKOvcrav rj tov (f)vcravTa ervTrre?, wov /

ai/ avToi' d^rjixLov helu elvai cus ovSev rail' diroppyJTOJv

elprjKOTa. T^Sews yap dv crov TTvOoiurnv OirepX tovto yap (q

oetvos et /cat /xe/xeAerry/ca? Kat TTOtetv /cat Xeyeti')' et rt?,

ere €t770t plxjjai ttjv dcnriSa, iv 8e rw vofxco eiprjTO, idv

Tts <f>dcrKrj diro/Be^XrjKevai, vttool1<ov elvat, ovk dv e'8t^

/cctôv avrw, ctXX' i^TJpKet dv crot ippiîvai Trjv dcnriZa

XeyovTL ovSev crot jxeXeLV ; ovSe yap to avro ecrrt pti/fat

/cat aTTOêySXi^/ceVat. aXX' ovo' ay rcot' eV8e/ca y€v6iJL€vo<; 10

cxTToSeâto, et rts dirdyoi Tivd ^dcTKOiv Ooiixdriov dirohe-

hvcrdat 17 roi' îTdivtcrKov eKSeSvaOaL, ctXX' d(f)eir}s dv

TOV aVTOV TpOTTOV, oVt OU Xo^TToSurTlS OVOfJidêTaL. ouS'

et rt9 TTatSa eâyayoiv X7)(f)0£ir], ovk dv (j)daKOL<s avTov

avopaTTOOiCTTrjv etiât, etTrep p.a)(rj rots ofo/xacrtv, dXKa^5—2

^'^'^^'^-' ' >' '* '

3o^*^fi:*;;<'-j^^^



68 SELECTIONS.

IxTj Tot9 epyoi? Tov vovv Trpocreêt?, (dv eVe/ca ret wo/xara

11 TToivTe^ rWevTai. ert toIvvv aKexpacrOe, cu avSpe<; St-

KacTTai' ovTOcrl yap [jlol So/cet vtto /aa^vyxtas /cal jxaka-

Kia<; ovS" ets "Apetov Trdyov avaê^-qKevai. irdvTes yap

iiTLcrTacrOe on iv eKeivco tw ^coptw, orav ra? roC (f)6vov

StKas StKct^wi/Tai, ou 8ta rovrou tou ovoixaroq ra? Stw-

jLtoo"tas TTOLOVPTat, dkXd Sl ovnep iyat KaKo)? aKiJKoa' 6

fiev yap Blcjkcop cJs eKTetve SiojJivvTaL, 6 Se (êvyoiv ojs

12 ouK eKTeivev. ovkovv droTTov dv elrj tov hoâvra KTeZvai

^dcTKOvra'" dvSpo(f)6vov eivai, on 6 Slcjkcjv, cJ? eKTeive,

TOV <êvyovTa''' Siw/i,o(raTO. Ti yap raura, (hv ovToq ipel,

hiaîpeL ; koX auro? /xev ©ecovL KaKrjyopia<; ihcKdcro)

eliTovTi ere ippi(j)evaL tyjv acrmSa. KaiToi irepX [xev tov

plxjjaL ovSev iv Toi vofjia) eipiqTai, idv 8e Tt9 eLirr) (XTroySe-

fiXrjKevai tyjv dcTTriha, irevTaKocria^; Spa^(xd<s oê'iXeiv

13 Kekevet. ovkovv 8et^'o^', et OTav fxev Sey ere /ca/c&j?

aKTovcravra rous e^^povs Tuxcopeladai, ovtco tov<5 vofxov^

ojcnrep iyco vvv Xayij^dveiv''' , oTav 8' eTepov irapd tov<;

vofiov; eiTTrjq KaKcos, ovk a^tots Sovvai hiKiqv. iroTepov

ovT(i)<; (TV oeivo<; ei cucrre, ottw? az^ povAr), oto? r et

^prjordai ToZ<; voyaots, "Jy rocrovrov Suvacrat cjcrr' ovSeVore

otet Toug dSiKOvixevovs vno crov ri/xwyotas Tevêcrdai;

14 cTt' ouk al(T)(yvr} ovtox; dvoyJTOx? Sta/cet/xevo?, wcrr' ouk:

eg wv ev TTe7roLr)Ka<; tyjv ttoAlv, aAA. eg" cov aoLKcov ov

Se'Soj/cas ^LK-qv, otet Setj' TrXeoj'e/cTetv ; Kai p.01 dvdyvoiOi

TOV voftov. [N0M02.]

15 Eya> TOIVVV, (o dvSpe<; St/cacrrat, v/x-a? jaei' TTdvTa<;

etSeVat ijyoiJjMat ort eyw jLtet' opOoJS Xeya>, rovroi^ Se ourw

(TKaiov etvau ojaTe ov ^vvaaOai fxaOelv ra Xeyofxeva.

fiovXofJLaL ovv avTov koX i^ erep^v vofxcuv irepc tovtojv

StSctât, dv 7ra>9 aXXa vvv irrl tov ySry/xaro? iraiêvdfi Ka\



LVSIAS. 69

TO XoLTTW T^fuv /xi) Trape)(rj Trpayiâra. Kai fioi, dvd~

yvoidi TOVTOV<i Tovs voiMOVs Tov<s SoXwvo? TOV<S TTaXtttovg.

NOMOS. AeBiaOat 8' iv rfj irohoKCLKKri Tjfjbepa ^v\.co Se8e<Tât. et ovi/ d Seêl? iêkOcov iv

rats euûi'at? tcui^ eVSe/ca KaTrjyopoCyj ort ou/c ei/ r^

TTohoKaKKYf cSeSexo aA.X' ei' rw ^vkco, ovk dv rjXiOLov

avTov voixitpiev ; Xeye erepov vofJLov.

NOMOlS. ^F^Treyyvau S' iTrcopKijaavTa tov ÂiroWco. BeSi- i 7

ora Se 8t«7/9 eveKa SpacrKciêtv.

TovTiov TO [xep .iTnopKTja-avTO' dftdcravTa ecrrt, ro Se

SjOCKT/caêtv, o iût' aTToStoyaacTKetv ovofj-dôfxev.

' OcTTd Be airlWec rfj dCpa, evBov tov KXeTrrov 6vto<?,

To airiWeLV to aTTOKkeieiv vojjiCêTaL, /cat [XTjêu 8ta

TovTo hiaîpov.

To apyupLOv qrdcrifiov elvai i(ji' ottoctm civ ôvXrjTab d 18

oaveLL,(av.

To CTTdo-Ljxov TOVTO icTTiv, CO êKricTTe, ov t,vyat

iCTTavai aXXct tokov irpdTTeaOai oiroaov dv ôv\iqTa.L.

iiravdyvoiOi tovtX tov vojxov to TekevTalov.

' Oaai Be 7r€(l>acT/iiivQ)<; TToXovvrai, lo

Kol

OLKr]0'i Kai ^\a.^7]<i Tqv BovXrjv elvat, 0(f)6LXeiv.

Tlpo(Te)(eTe tov vovv. to [xev 7reâo"/u,eVa)s ecrrt (f)a-

vep(o<i, TToXelcrOaL 8e âhit,eiv, ro 8e oiktô? 6epd7rovTo<;.

TToXXa ok TOLavTa kol aXXa icTTLV, ot dvSpes 8t/cacrrat. 20

dXX' el jXTj cnhr}pov<i icTTiv, oioyxat avrov evvovv yeyove-

vai ort ra /itei' Trpdyp-aTa Tamd i(TTi vvv re Kai irdXai,

TO)v Se 6vop.dT0}v ivLOL^ ov Tols avrots xpcîxeOa vvv re



70 SELECTIONS.

Kttl TrpoTepov. hr)\(6cr€L Be- olxH^^^T^'''' 7°^PctTTtcoi/ diro

Tov jSry/Aarog cnojirrj.

IX. KATA nArKAEQNOI OTI OYK HN TTAATAIEYZ.

IloXXa fxev \eyeiv, w ai'Spe? St/cacrrat, TrepX tovtovI

TOV 7rpdyixaTO<s ovt dv SvvaCfxrjv ovre [xol SokcZ Belv

ojs 8e 6p9(os TTjv Slktjv ekaxov tovtco UayKXecovL ovk

ovTL nXaratet, tovto vpXv TTeipdaoixan dnoStLâL'

2 'Hs yap dSiKcov jxe ttoXvu ^(popov ovk evravero, iXdcou

irrl TO ypa(l)eLOv iv w elpydt^cTO vpocreKakea-dixrjv avTov

7rp6<; TOP TTokeiiapôPy po[xil,o)P jxeTOLKOP etât. elTTOPToq

Se TOVTOv OTL nX-aratevs etr], T^pofjirjp oiroOep Br][xoTevoLTO,

TrapaipecraPTo^; tlpo<; T(op TrapoPTCJp TrpocrKokecracrOai

3 fcai Trp6<; tyjp ijivhrfp, 7)9 rtvo? eipon (tkiJtttolto. CTretory

Se dTTEKpipaTo otl AeKeXetoOep, TrpoaKokeadixepos avTOP

Kol TToos T0v<; TTJ 'IttttoOcoptlSl StKCtÔt'TaS, iX9(VP eTTL TO

Kovpeiop TO TTapd tov'^ 'Ep[xd<;, tVa ol AeKcXets npocrcfiOL-

TOicriP, 'QpcoTOJP, ov<s re iêvpiaKOLixL AeKeXicop invpdapo-

[xrjp et TLPa yLypcocTKotep AcKeXeioOep SrjfxoTevoiJiepop

IlayKXeaypa. eTretSi} Se ovSets i(j)aaKep yiypaxTKeip avTov,

7rv66ixepo<; otl /cat ere'pag OtKa? ra? jxep (jyevyoi ra? S'

(x)(^XrjKoi Trapa rw TroXejxdpôi , eXaôp koX iycxt.

4 Ilpajrov ju,ef ovi' vpup AeKeXeoiP ov<s i^pojxrjp {xdp-

Tvpa^; irapeôixai, eTretra Se /cat T(op dXXcop tcop XaôPTOiP

re St/cas aurw tt/dos toi/ TroXiyLcipôp /cat Kara8t/cao-a/x.e'-

i/G)v, ocTOt TvyxdpovcrL TrapoPTes. koli [jlol eTTiXajSe to

vSojp. [MAPTYPE2.]

5 E/c jaei' TovTOJP Tretcrêts tt/oos tov TroXeixap-)(OP avTco

Tr)P OLKrjp eXaôP' iTreiBrj Se fxoL avTrfP dpTeypdxjjaTo p,rj

eio-aycjyLjxop elpai, nepl ttoXXov 7roLov[Jiepo<; ixrjhepl

Soât vj^pltêip (3ovXe(r6ai, fxdXXop rj Blktjp Xafielp (op



L YSIA S. 71

T)SiKy]Or]v, TTpcoTOV [xeu EvOuKpuTOV, 6u Trpccr/BvTaTov re

nXaratewi/ lylyvoidKov /cat jxaXtaTa wojolt^v elSeuac, 17/30-

fXTjv et Ttva yiyvwcTKOi 'iTTTrapixohajpov vlov UayKXecova

nXaratea* eneLTa Se, eTT-etS?) e/ceti'os direKpivaTo fiOL on 6

Toz' 'imrapfioScopov [xcv yiyvcacTKOi, vioz^ 8e iKeCva) ovBeva

ovre UayKXeojva ovre aWov ovSeva elSeCr) oPTa, i^pcoToyp

Srj Koi tQ>v aXkoiv ocrov<; ySeiu UXaTaiea^ ovTaq. Trayre?

ovv dypoovpTe^TO

opo[xaavTov,aKpiîcrTaTa dv ^(âcrdv

jxe TTvOeaOai iXOovra et? tou -^Xcopov Tvpou rfj evrj /cat

vea' Tavrrj yap rfj rjpiipa tov /XT^t'o? eKaa-TOv eK^lde avX-

XiyecrOai rov^ nXaraiea?. iXOoiV ovv et? tov Tvpov TavTrj 7

Trj tjfxepa iirvvOavoixr^v avToiv, et rti'a ytyj'wa'/cote^'

YiayKXecova ttoXlttjv acfteTepov. /cat ot fxev dXXoi ovk

ecjyacrav ytyvcoaKeiv, et? Se rt? etTrez^ ort Tci)v fxev ttoXitcov

ouoet't elSeLT) tovto ov to ovojxa, oovXov fiivTOL €(1)7]

iavTOv d(f)€aTajTa etvai IlayKXecova, ti]v re rfXiKtav

Xeyojv TTJv tovtov kol ttjv T€)(vr)vfj

ovtos -^prJTai. TavT 8

OVV wg dXrjOrj Icttl, tov re EvOvKpiTov, bv TrpwTov 17/30-

fxriv, KOL Tcov dXXcjv UXaTaiecov o'crot? TrpocrrjXdov, kol

TOV 05 e(f)ri SecTTTOTr]^ tovtov elvai, ixdpTvpa<; 7rayoeô/xat.

/cat fioL eVtA.a/3e to vScop. [MAPTYPE2.]

H/>tepat9 TOivvv [xeTa TavTa ov TroXXat? vcTTcpov 9

locjv dyofievov tovtovI TlayKXeoJva vtto Nt/co/xiySovs, os

ijjiapTvprjaev avTov SecrTTOTi^? eivav, TrpocrrjXOov ôvXo-

lxevo<; etSeWt OTTOtoi' rt Trept ai^rou TTpcvÔxjcroiTO. TOTe

fxkv ovv iTTeiSrj iTravcravTO fiaôjJLevoL, elirov TLveq tcuv

TOVTO) TTapovTcov oTi €17) avTM ctSeXcô? OS eâiprjcroiTo

avTov et? eXevOepiav' cttI tovtoi'^ iyyvrjcrdixevoi Trapegeuv

et? ayopav (o-ôvto aTTtoz^res. ttJ S' vcrTepaia ttJ? re lo

dvTLypa(l)vjg evcKa TavTTjo-l /cat avTy]<; Trjs Slkyj^ eSoê

[xoi -^prjvaL fxdpTvpas Xa/BovTC TrapayeviaOai, Iv eldeLrjv



72 SELECTIONS,

rov T eâtprjCToixevou avTov /cat o rt Xeycov a(f)aLp-q(TOLTO.

i(f)^ OL<s [X€v ovv i^rjyyxnjOr], ovre dSe\(f)6s ovre aXXo?

ovSets rj\9e, yvvrj he cfida-Kovaa avTrj<s avTov elvaL

SovXov, dfX(l)L(rl3r)Tov(ra roJ Nt/co/ArySet, Kal ovk e(f>iq

1 idcreLV avTOV dyeiv. ocra ^xev ovv avTodi ipprjOrj, TroXv<s

dv €17] fxoL Xoyo5 hiiqyeicrdac els tovto 8e ^Staiori^Tos

rj\6ov oC re TrapovTes Tovroi Kai avro? ovtos, wcrre

edekovTos iJêv rov Ni/co/at^Sovs ideXovcrrjs Se Trjs

yvvaiKos d(f}LevaL, ei rts y] el<s eXevdepiav tovtov

dyoi rj (f)d(rK(t)v eavTov BovXov elvai, tovtcov ovSeu

TTonqaavTes d<êX6ixevoi (oôvto. O? ovv tyj re Trpo-

repaCa cttI tovtols e^'qyyvrjd-q koX Tore jSlo, <o)(ovto

dêXopLevoi avTov, jjidprvpas irapeôixaL V[x1v. Kai fJLOi

eiriXaê to vScop. [MAPTYPE2.]

12 'Pdhiov TOLVvv elSevaL on ovS' avTos HayKXeoiv

vojXLêL eavTov [Jbrj otl JQXaratea elvai, aXX' ovS' iXevOe-

pov, ocrrt? ydp eôvX-qdy] /Bla d<f)aLpe9el<5 evoôvs

KaTacTTrjcraL tov<s eavTov iTTLTyjSeCovs toIs /BuaLOLS fJLaXXov

T^ Kara tovs vofxovs el<s Ty]v eXevOeptav eâipeOels hiKiqv

Xaêlv irapd tojv dyovTcov avTov, ovhevl âXeirov yvcovai

OTL ev etSojs kavTov oira hovXov eSetaev eyyvrjTas Kara-

crrr^cra? irepl rod crcoixaTos dyctiviaacrOat.

13 "Otl [xev ovv nXarateus elvac ttoXXov Set, olfiai vfids

e/c TovTOJv cr)(eS6v tl yiyv(o(TKeiv' otl Be ouS' ovros, 69

apiaTa oT8e â avrov, tjyijcraTO Boâi dv vplv TlXarateus

exvai, e^ (hv eirpaê paSicoq fiadrjcreade. ev ttj avTcofjioaia

yap Trjs 8t/c7^s 'qv avrw eXaêv 'AptcrroSt/cos ovToart,

dix(f)Lo-/37]Tcov jx'^ 7rp6<s Tov TToXejJiap-ôv elvai ol rets

i4 0t/ca9, SiefxaprvpijOr] /xt) nXarateus elvai,, e7n(TKr)\fjdiJievos

Se Tw fxdpTvpL ovK iire^rjXdev, dXX' eiacre KaTaBiKdaaaOai

avTov TOV ÂpLCTToSLKov. iiTel Se vTTep-rjfJLepos eyeveTO,



LVSIAS. 73

iêTLcre t'^v BCktjv, KaOon eneiOe. Kai tovtojj/, ws ahjOrj

icTTL, iJidpTvpa<; eyco Trapeôjxai vixlv. Kai fjioi iniXaê

TO vScop. [MAPTYPE2.]

Uplv Toivvv ravTa 6yio\oyr]6rjvai avrw, oeotcis toi^ 15

^KpicTToZiKov, jaerao-ras evTevdev ©yj/Srjcn [xeTcpKet,. KaiToi

oT/ât elhivai T5/>tas ort eiTrep r^v HXaratev?, TTavTa)(ov

jxaXkou Tj %rjlBy)<jiv etKos rjv avTov ixeroiKrjcrai. O9 ovv

(pKeL eKei irokvv )(j)6vov, tovtcdv v/xtv jxdpTvpa<s rrapiô-

/xat. /cat [xoi iiriXaê to vScjp. [MAPTYPE2.]

'EâpKelv fxoL vofiLô) rd elprjjxeva, c3 dvBpes StKacrTaL' 16

idu yap BiafjLvqfxovevrjTe, oTS' oTt tcl tc 8t/cata Kai rdXyjOrj

îqîucrOe, Ka\ a iyd> viiaip Seofiat.





ISOKRATES.75

yvcoixr) Trpoa€)(eLV top vovv fxaWov rj iroXkals Koi irav-

ToSaTrats Stazôtat? t^qrelv dpiaKeiv. on jxeu ovv tJSlcov 17

icrrl Kol Trpaorepa /cat St/catorepa, Sta TrXeLoiôjv [xeu dv

Tt5 diroSeiêLeu, ov fx-qv dXXd /cat Sta tovtcdv crvviSelv

pdStou ecTTL' Trepl Be ra>v Xonraiv, oaov at yiovap^tai

TT/aos TO jSovXevecrdaL /cat Trpdâi tl tcov Se6vT0)v Sta(ê-

povcTLU, ouroj? ctj' /caXXtcrra Oecoprjcraiixei', et ras p,eYi(TTa<i

Tiov TTpdêcov Trap' dX\y]Xa<s ri6ivTe<i iêrdêiv eTnyeiprj-

craLfieu auras, ot /xei^ roivvv /car' Ivlovtov ets ras dp^d<^

el(TL6vTe<; nporepou tSt&Jrat yiyvovTai irplv aWdicrdai

TL Twv rrj^ TToXeoj? /cat XafBelu epLTreipiav avTCiiv' ot 8' 18

aet rot? avrots eTn<jTaTovvTe<;, iqv koI rrjv ^vcriv /cara-

oeecTTepav €.)(Oicriv, aXX.' oui^ rats y ifM7rei,pLaLS ttoXv T(ov

aXXwt' TrpoiôvcTiv. evret^' ot /xei' rroXXaif KaTafxeXovcnv

€L<s aXXr)Xov<; airojSXeTrovTe'?, ot 8' ouSej'os oXtywpoucrtv,

etSores ort Trdvra del oC avTcov yiyveaOai. 7rp6<; 8e

TovTOL<; OL fxev ev rats oXvyapîai^ koX tols SrjfxoKparlai^

8ta ras Trpos cr<âs avrovs <îXoTijxia<; Xvfiaivovrai rots

Koivol^' ot 8' ei' rats /xovap;)(tats ovTeq, ovk e)(ovTe<s otoj

(f)dov'r]crov(TL, rrdvTOiv ws otoi^ r' eo^rt ySeXrtcrra irpdr-

TovcTLV. eireiO' ol p,ev v(TTepitpv(TL roiv TrpayjJidTOjp' top 19

fiev yap irXeiaTov y^povov eirl rots tStots SiaTpC/Sova-iv,

iweLodv o ets ra crweSpia crvveXOoicriv, TrXeomKts dv tl<;

avrov<s evpoL 8ta<êpo/>teVovs 17 KOLvfj j3ovXevofJievov<;' ol

8'

ovre (Tvveopioiv ovre ^povoiv aurots dTToSeSeLypêucov

aXXa Kat ras rjjxepa<i /cat ras iû/cras eVt rats Trpdêonv

ofres ou/c aTToXetTTO^'rat rwr^ Kaipajp, aXX' eKacrrov ev rw

8e'oi/rt TTpdrTovaiv. ert 8' ot /xef 8vo-/u.ei'G5s e)(Ovcrt, Kat 20

ôvXoivT av /cat rovs vryoo avrcSt' apôvTacrtV ot Se 8ta Tiai^ros tov fiiov Kvpioi



'je SELECTIONS.

Tmf TTpay[MOLTo)V Glares els a-rravTa rov )(p6vou koX ras

21 evvolas expvaiv. to Se ixeyta-Tov' rots yap kolvoIs ol

pikv ojg tStots, 01 8' ws oKkoTpiois TTpocriôvcTL rov vovv,

KoX av/xySovXoi? ^pdoPTat vepc avTOJu ol fxêu Toiv daToiu

TOts Tokp.'qpordTois, ol 8' e^ diravTOiv iKke^dixevoi rols

(ftpovLlxcjTaTOLS, Kat Tipoicnv ol jxeu tovs iu rots o^Xots

eLTrelu Bwajxepovs, ol oe rovs ^yjaOai toIs TrpdyfxacTLv

2 2 iin(TTaix€VovS' ov [xovov S' iu tois eyKv/cXtots /cat rots

/caret TTyj' Tjiiepav iKdcrrrjv yiyvopîvois at povap^tai

SLa(f)epovcnv, ctXXa /cat ret? ei' rw iroXiyLOi TrXeove^ta?

ctTrctcra? nepLetkijcjiacrLv. Kat yaya Trapaa-Kevda-acrOat Sv-

vdixeis Kat ^Tycracrât ravrat?, cucrre Kat \a6eiv koX

6<^drjvaL, Kat rov? /aet' Tretcrat, rov? Se îdcraaOai Trapd

Se Twj/ eKirpiacrOat, tovs oe rats aXXats OepaweLais

TrpoarayayicrOai jxaXkov at Tvpavvihes twv dXXoju ttoXl-

T€i(ov olaC T elaiu. Kat ravr eK rcSz^ epycov av tl<s ov^

23 '^TTOU 'q Tcou \6yoiV TnaTevaeiev. tovto jxkv yap jrjv

Tojv Uepcrajv SvuajXLV diravTes LajJiev rrjXLKavTrji' to fJbd-

yeOos yeyeviqixivqv ov Sta ttjv tojv duSpaiv (f)p6vrjo-Li',

dXX' OTL fxaXXov TOiV aXXcov ttju âaiXeiav Tt/xa>crt*

TOVTO 8e Atot'uo'toi' TOP Tvpavvov, OTL 7rapaXafid>u Tr^v

p.kv dXXrji' ^LKeXCav dvdcrTaTov yeyevrjfxevrjv, ttjv 8' au-

Tov TrarptSa TroXLopKovixevrjv, ov fiouov avTrjv t(ov irap-

ovTOiv KLvSvucju diTrjXXaêv, dXXa Kat [xeyCcrTyjv T(ov

24 '^XXiqvLhoiv TToXeoiv eTToirjcrev' ctl 8e Kapî^Sot'tovs Kat

AaKe8atjaoviou9, tovs apLcna tcou 'EXXt^vcop rroXLTevofxe-

vovs, OLKOL [xev oXLyapôvixepovs, Trapd 8e top iroXepop

jBacTLXevoixepovs. eôt 8' dp rt? CTrtêtfat Kat ttjp ttoXlp

Tcov *KdrjpatoiP, ttjp p^dXio-Ta ras TvpapplSas p^Lcrovcrap,

OTav fxcp TToXXovs eKnepxpy cTTpaTrjyovs, dTVôvcxap,

OTOp 8e 8t' epos TTOLTjorr^TaL tovs klpSvpovs, KaTopdovcrap.



ISOKRATES. 77

II. EAENHZ ErKQMION.

§§ 54-58.

EvXoyws 8e KaKelvou ravT eyvoaav, Koiyco TrjXiKav- 54

rats virepfioXoLs e)(Oi )(prjcracr6aL Trepl avTrjq' KohXovi

yap TrkeicTTov iJL€po<; p,erecr)(€.v, 6 crefivoTaTov Kai TLfiLco-

rarov koX OeioTarov rcov 6uto)v icxTiv. pcioiov oe yvoivai

TYJv BwajjLLV avTov' t6}V [xev yap avZpia<^ tj cro(j)ia<; rj

SiKaLO<Tvvr]<i fxrj ixeTe)(6vT(tiv iroWa âvrjo-erai nixcjixeva

[jLoiWov rj rovroiv eKacxTov, TUiV 8e koXKov^ direcrTep-qfie-

voiv ovêv evpr](ToiJL€v dyaircoixevov dWd TrdvTa Kara^po-

vovfxeva, TrXrjv ocra ravTTy? T175 iSea? KeKoivoivrjKC, Kat

TTJv dperrju Sia tovto jaaXicrr' evSoKifJLOVcrav, ort Ka\-

Xkxtov tcov iTrLTrjSevfxaTOJV eariv. yvoCrj o' av rt? 55

KaKeWev, ocrov Sta(êyO€6 roiv optcov, i^ (hv avToi oiari-

6ep.e6a irpo? eKacTTOV avToiv' twv yikv yap aXkcov, div av

iv XP^^^ yevcofJieOa, rvêiv ^lovov ôv\6p.e6a, TrepaiTepo)

Be Trepl avTCuv ovZev rfj ^v)(rj irpocnreTTOvuaixev' tcov be

Ka\(ov ep(i)<i 'qixLV iyytyveTai, toctovto) /xetXw tov pov-

XecrOaL pcofxrjv e^^ôiv, octoj irep koX to npayixa KpeiJTOv

earriv. koX to2<5 jxev Kara avvecriv t] Kar aWo tl Trpoe- 56

ôvcrt (fidovoviMev, rjv /at) to) TTOLelv T^/xctg ev Ka6 eKacTTrjv

TTju iîxepav irpoaaydyoiVTai koX aTepyeiv crâ? aurov?

dvayKacroicri' To1<i he /caXots evdv<; tSovre? evuoL yiyvo-

IJieOa, /cat p.6vov<i avTOVs cjcnrep tov<; 6eov<; ovk airayo-

pevofiev OepaTrevovres, aXX' 178101/ hovXevojxev rot? tolov- 57

Toi? rj T(op dWcou dpôixev, TrXeioj yapiv exovTe<; rots

TToXXa Trpoa-TaTTovaLV rj tol<; fjirjSev iirayyeWovcTLV. Kai

TOv<; fxeu vtt dWr) tlvI Swa/ACt ytyvo[xevov<; Xoioopovixev

Kai KoXaKas dTTOKaXovnev, tov'? he rw /caXXei Xarpevovras



78 SELECTIONS.

58 (f)i\oKd\ov<; Kol (jiLkoTTovovs eTvav voixtt,oiJLev. rocravrrj S*

eixreêia kol npovoCa -^(ofjieOa irepX ttju tSeW ttjv

ToiavTrjv, wcTTe kol toju eôvroiv to /caXXos rov^ [xeu

lJiicrdapvrj(ravTa<i kol KaKcGs ôuXeucra/xeVou? irepl rrj^

avT(ou T^Xt/ctas jxaXkou aTLiJid[,0[JLeu rj tov^ ets rd toju

dXXojv (Taj/xar' iâfxapTouTas' ocroi o av rr^v avruv wpav

hia(f)v\d^(ocrLV, aârov Toi<i 7rov7)pol<; ojcnrep lepov ttolt]-

crai^Te?, tovtov<; €(,9 rov eTTikonrov ^povov o//-ot&)?

rip-(op,ev cjcnrep tov<s oXr)v rrfv ttoXlu dyaOov tl ttoliJ-

III. EYArOPAZ.

§§ 47-50.

47 Yiapakaôiv yap tj)v ttoXlv iK/ê/Sapâpcoixevrjv /cat

Sid rrfv Tcou ôiviKiov dp)(r}v ovTeTov<; "F^XXrjva^ TrpoaSe-

ôfxevqv ovre Te)(ya<i eTTicrTap.evir^v ovt ifXTTopia) -^pcojxeurjv

ovre Xifxeva KeKTrnxivqv, ravrd re TrdvTa ScajpOcocre, /cat

Trpos TOTJTOL<; /cat ^c^pav ttoXXtjv TrpocreKTtjcraTO /cat Tet^Ty

TTpocnrepiej^dXeTO /cat rptT^'pet? ipavTTrjyijaaTO Kal rat?

aXXat? /caracr/cevatg ovtco^ rjv^rjcre rr^v ttoXiv oifxre

/xT^Se/xta? TOiv 'EXXt^vlSo)!/ diroXeXeliÔai, koX SvvafjLLV

TocravTiqv iueTroirjcrev ware ttoXXous (f)o/3eicr0ai jdv

48 TTporepou KaraffypovovuTcou avT7]<j. KaiToi nqXiKavraq

eVtSocretg ras TroXet? Xajx^dpetv ov)(^ oXov r iariv, rju

jxT] Tt9 avTct? OLOLK-rj TOLOVTOL'i yjOecTLV OLOL<; Euayopa? p-eif

etêv, eyw 8' oXtyw TrpoTepov ineLpdOrjv SieXOeLU. q)(tt

ov 8eoot/ca psx] (fâvco jxeitôi Xeycov tojv e/cetvo) TrpocrovTOiv,

ctXXd p.'q TToXv Xiav dnoXeLcfyda) t(op Treirpayixevcju avToi.

49 Tts ydp av (.(^LKOiTO TOLavTr)<; (jivcreox;, 6s ov fiouou ttjv

iavTov ttoXlv irXeiovos dîav eTroLrjcreu dXXd Kal tov

TOTTOV oXov Tov TTcpLeôvTa Trjv vrj(TOV inl irpaorr^Ta /cat



ISOKRA TES. 79

lierpLOTrjTa Trpoqyayev ; Trpiv fxiv ye Xaêiv ^vayopav

Trjv ap^v 0VT&J9 dTrpocroLO'TO)<; kcli âXeTTw? elôv (ocxTe

Kot rcov dp)(6uT(ov TOTJTOV? iuofMLôu eivai êkricrrov;

olrLV€<; (ofxoraTa irpo? tov^ ''EXX'j^va? Sta/cet)u,ei/ot Tvy)(d-

voLev' vvv Se toctovtov ixeTaTreTTTajKacrLV ojctO afJuWdcr- 50

Oat jjikv 0LTLve<5 avrcov Soôvcrt (îkiWrjve'^ eivai ixakiCTTa,

TraihoTTOielaSai 8e Tov<i TrXeCcrTov? avTcov yvvaiKa^ \afi-

l3civovTa<; Trap yfjiojv, âipeiv Se koX to'l<; KTtjfJiacrL /cat

TOLS iTTLTrjSevjJiacrL rot? 'EXXiyvt/coZ? ixdXXou 17 rots vapd

cr(f)LcrLV avTot?, TrXetovs Se koL tcjv irepl Trjv [JiovcnKrju

Koi Trepl TTJu dXX.y]v TraCêvcnu Iv TovroL<s T0i<5 tottol's

StarptySeiv 17 irap* ots irpoTepov eiwôres rjcrav. koX

rovTOiv dnoivTcou ovSel'i ocrTL<; ovk dv Fivayopau aiTiov

elvai Trpo(rop.o\oyrjcrciev.

IV. KATA TQN Z04>llTaN.

Ec TTai^re? rjOekov 01 iraiêveiv linêLpovvTe'^ d\r)drj

\4yeiv KoX fxiq ixeiôv; iroieicrOaL ra? VTTO(T\i(rei<; (hv

•qixeWov iTTLTekeLv, ovk av /ca/cw? rjKovov vtto tcov ISloj-

Tcov vvv 8' ol To\iJia)PTe<i XCav dnepLCTKeTTTcos dXat,ovev-

ecrOai TreTTOirjKacriv (xktt€. Sokelv afxeivov ôvXeveadai

Tovs padvjxeLV alpovixevov? t(ov irepl rrjv (f)i,Xo(TO(f)ioLv

oiaTpiôvTdiv. Tts ydp OVK dv {XLcnjcreLev djxa /cat fcara-

^povrjoreLe irpcoTov fxev T(ov irepl ra? IjotSa? hiaTpiôvTOiv,

ot TrpocnroLovvTai [lev Trjv dX-qOeLav t,y)reiv, evdv'5 S' iv

o^pxfi '^^^ iirayyeKixaTOiV xpevhrj Xeyeiv iTTi)(eipova-LV',

ot/x,at yap aTracnv elvat (jjavepov ort rd ficXXovTa irpo- 2

yiyvuxxKeiv ov Trj<s i^/xere/jas ^vcrews icrrtv, dXXa toctov-

tov aTre)(oiJLev ravrr^? ttJs <j)povT]creo)s cocrO' Oixiqpo<i o

lieyLCTTiqv inl cro(f)La Soâi^ elXrjcfxx)^ kol tov"; Oeovs ttcttol-



8o SELECTIONS.

TjKev ecTTiv ore /BovXevoixevov; vnep avTcov, ov Tiqv eKetvoiv

yvcofxrjv etScu? aXX.* 'qfiiv ivSeCâcrOaL /3ov\6ix€vo<; on3 T0C5 du9p(OTTOL<; CU TOVTO TCOU doVvdrOiV icTTLV. OVTOC

Toivvv et5 TOVTO ToXfJLrjg iXrjXvdacrLV, (oaTe TreipiovTai

ireideiv tovs ve(OT€pov<;, co<;, iqv avrot? TrXi^cria^cuo'tv, a re

vpaKTeov 1<jt\v elaovTai koX Stct TavTy]<s Trj<; i7rL(rTTJixr]<;

evSaifiove^ yevrjcrovTai. koX Tr^XiKovTOiV dyaOcou avrou?

8t8acr/caXov9 /cat Kvpiov^ KaTacrTijaavTeg ovk alcr)(y-

vovTai Tpels y rerrapas jams vnep TovTUiv alTovvTe<;.

4 dXX* €t /xeV Tt ToJi' aXX(t)v KTrjixaTcop ttoXXocttou yxeyaov?

71^9 dûaq incoXovp, ovk av rjiL(^Lcr^riTiq<Tav ws ovk eu

^povovvTe<s ovSkv BeouTaL -^prjixaTcou, dpyvpiSiov kol -^vcrC-

Slov tov ttXovtov dTTOKoXovPTes, jJiLKpov Se KepSovs ope-'

yo^xevoL p.6vov ovk dOavdTOv; VTncr)(yovvTai tov? crvvov-

5 ras TTOirjcreLv. o he navTOiV KaTayeXacrTOTctTOv, otl irapd

p.ev (hv Set X(xl3elu aurov?, rovrot? [xeu aTncTTova-Lu, ot?

jLteXXovcrt TTjv SiKaLOcrwrjv TrapaSaxreLP, cou 8' ovBeirco-

TTore 8t8ctcrKaXot yeyovacn, rrapd tovtol<; toL Trapa tcou

[xadrjTcou fxecreyyvovvTai, Trpo^ p.ev Trju acr<^dXeL(x,v ev

/BovXevofJievoL, rw 8' eTrayyeXpâTi TdvavTia 7rpdTT0VTe<i.

6 TOv<i fxev yap dXXo tl 7raLSevovTa<; TrpocriJKeL SuaKpL-

fôvcrdai Trepl t(ov SLa(f)ep6vT0)v (ôvSeu ydp KcoXvei tov<;

Trepl erepa SeLVOv<s yevofMevov; p,r) ')(pr]crTOV<; elvat irepi

Tct crvju-ySoXata) • tov^ Se ttju dpeTrju kol Tiqv aax^poav-

vr)v ivepyaôfievov; ttcGs ovk dXoyov ecrrt p-rj toX^ paOrj-

rats pdXicTTa Trtcrreueti' ; ov ydp hij ttov irepl tov<;

aXXovs ovTe^ KaXot KdyaOol Koi StKatot Trept tovtov^

eâpapTTjcrovTCLi 8t' ov? tolovtol yeyovaaiv.



ISOKRATES. 8

'ETTCtSai' ovv Tojv ISlcotcov TLves, OLTTOVTa TavTa avX-y

XoyLcrdfievoL, Karihoicri tous tt}v ao<îav SiSctcricot'Ta?

KoX rrjv evBaLjxovLav irapaSihovTas aurovs re ttoXXcjv

Seo/xeVov? /cat tov5 fJLaOrjra^ fxiKpov TT/Darro/i-eVovs, Kat

ras ivauTLCoxreLS eVt jmcv tcui' Xoywv rrjpovvTas, iirl Se

Twi/ epycop fxr] KaOopcouTas, €Tl Se 7re/3t /xei/ rwi' juteXXw-

T&)v etSeVat 7rpocnToiovixevov<;, Trepl Se Twt' wapovTcov 8

ix7}heu Tcop SeovTOJV fi-qT elTrelv [xtJtc (TvyLôvkevcrai Bvva-

/xeVov9, aXXa ixaXkou oixovoovvras kol irXeio) KaTopBovv-

Ttt? Tous rai? Soâts xpo}ixivovpovovcrL, koI

vojXiiôvcrLV dSoXe(T)(Cav koI fxiKpoXoyCav aXX' ov rrjs

xj/v)(yj<i cTTt/xeXeiaj' eluat ra? roiavra? hLaTpiâ.<i.

Ov ixovoj/ Be TovTOi^s oXXd koX rot? tov'; TroXiTLKOvq 9

Xoyovq vTrL(T)(yovjX€UOLS d^Lov iTnTLjJirjcraL' /cat yap eKeivoL

Trj<; iiev dXyjOeCcis ovhev (^povTitpvcriv, tjyovvTaL Se tout

€iva.i TTju re)(yrju, yjv (os TrXeCcrTovs rrj ixLKpoTrjTL tcov

fXLaOcov /cat tw fieyedeL roJv iirayyeXudTcou irpocrayd-

yoiVTai KoX Xaêiv tl Trap' avToJv BwrjOajcnv' ovto) S'

dvaLddiqTOi^ avToC re Sta/cetirat Kat rovs dXXovs ^^^^

vTreiXrjiâcnv, oxrTe êXpov ypdôvTe<i Tov<i Xoyov? r) rtov

IhidiTow TLve<i a.vTocr)(ehidtpv(Tiv, 6ix(o<s VTricrxôvvTaL tol-

ovTov<; piiJTopas rov^ <TVv6vTa^ TTOirjcreiv wcrre jxrjSev roiv

evovTOiV ev rot? irpdyfiacrL TrapaXnrelv. /cat TavTr}<; Trj<; 10

SvvdiJie(o<s ovSev ovre rat? e/xTretptat? ovre rrj (fyvaec ttj

rov fxaOrjTov /xeraStSoatrtv, aXXa (jyacTLP d/xotws ttjv tcov

Xoyoiv €TrL(TTt]ix7)v wcnrep rr^v tcou ypajxpLdTOiV Trapa-

Sdjcreiv, (OS fxev ejêt tovtcov eKdrepov, ovk eêraaaiê?,

olofLevoi Be Bid ret? virep/SoXds tcop eTrayyeXpuTcop avTot

re 0avfxacT6y]aecT0av kol ttJp iraiBevcrvu r-qp tcop Xoycop

TrXeopo<s d^Cav Boêuv elpaL, KaKco^s etSore? ort /xeyctXas

J.6



82 SELECTIONS.

TTOLOVCTL Tcts Tc^va? ov)(^ ol ToXixcovTEq okatpvevecrOai

irepl avTcov, aXX' otrtves av, ocrov evecmv ev iKoiaTY},

TOVT iêvpetv hvviqdcjcriv.

11 'Eyoi Se irpo ttoWcou [xeu av ^p-qixdroiv i.Tiixrqcrdix'qv

rrfkiKovrov SvvacrOat ttjv (jakocroffiLap, ocrov ovtoi Xe-

yovcnv (tcrw? yap ovk av 7]fxeL<; TrXelcrrov aTTeKei(f)0r][jiev,

ovS' at' ikd)(L(TTov fiepos dTreXavaajxev avTrjs:)' eVetSi) S'

ovY ovTOJ<;^X'^'"

ySovXot/xT^v av TravcraadaL rov5 (f)\va-

povvTas' opco yap ov jxovov Trepl tovs iiaixapTdvovTa<;

Td<; ^\aa(f)r]ixia<; yiyvofxiva';, aXXa /cat rov? aXXou?

d7TavTa<; crvi'StaySaXXo/xeVovs tov^ Trepl rrjv avTrjv Sta-

TpL^TjV oVra?.

12 0av/xa^(y S' orav tSo) rovrov? ixa6r]ra)V d^LOVfJievov^,

ot TTOLrjTLKOv TTpdyixaTO'^ Terayfxevrjv ri^vrjv irapdheiyixa

<j)epovTe<; XeXrjOacTL cr(f)d^ avTov<;. rt? yap ovk oloe ttXtju

TOVTOiV oTL TO jxev Tcov ypajxixdrcov aKiVTJToj<; €)(€l /cat

jjieveL Kara TavTov, uxtte toI^ aurotg act irepu tojv avTcov

)(pd)ixevoL ScaTeXovixev, to Se tcov Xoycov irdv TovvavTiov

TreirovOev to yap vcf) eTepov pr]0ev rw XeyovTt jxeT

eKelvov ou^ o/tot&js XpyjcniJiov icrTLV, aXX ovTO<i eivai

So/cet T€)(VLK(i)TaTO^, OS Tts dv d^L0)<5 jJikv Xeyy tojv irpay-

pidTOiv, fxTjSev 8e tmv avTcov rot? aXXot? evpicTKeiv ovvrj-

13 rat. [xeyLCTTOv Se crrjixeiov T1J9 dvoixoL6Tr)To<s avTOJv tov?

ixkv yap Xoyovs ov;)^ otoj' re /caXcSs e)(etv, t^v /^t; tcoi'

Kacpaiv Kal tov 7rpeTT6vT(o<; Kal Tov KaLV(o<; eêt^* /êra-

cr^wcrtv, rots 8e ypdfJiiJiacrLV ovSevo^ tovtcov Trpoaeoe-

Tjcrev. â'6' ol ^pojpLevoL toI<s tolovtol<5 Trapaoeiyixacn

TToXv dv SiKaiOTepov diroTLVOLev 17 Xayi^dvoiev dpyvpiov,

OTL TToXXrj^ eTTtjLteXetas avTol Seojxevoi TratSeueti^ tov<;

aXXov<; €.Trv)(eipov(TLV.

14 El oe Set ^jlt) jxovov KaTrjyopeiv tojv dXXojv aXXa /cai



ISOKRA TES. 83

rrjv ifxavTov SrjXc^craL BidvoLav, yyyovixai Travra? av fiot

T0V9 ev (f)povovvTa<; (ruvenreiv, on ttoWol ficv rcov (jako-

ao(j)r}advToiv tStcGrat StereXecrat' 6vTe<i, dWot Se rtve?

ovheui TTcoTTore avyyevoixeuoL tcov cro(f)L(rTcov Kai Xeyecv

Koi TTokireveaOai heivoX yeyovaaiv. at [xev yap 8wa/>tet5

KoX TCOV Xoycoz^ Koi T(ov aWcou epycov airavTOiV iv rot?

ev(^vi(TLv iyyiyvovTai koX toi'S irepl ra? eju-Tretpta? yeyvp.-

vacrixivoi<i' tj 3e TratSevcrt? TOv<i jxev tolovtovs reyîKOi- 15

repov? Koi vrpo? to t,r}Telv cvnopcoTepovs ivoCrjcrev' otg

yap vvv ivTVYXavovcri irkavwyievoi, ravr i^ eTOLfioTepov

Xaix/BdvELV auTovs iSiSaêv tov<; Se KaraSeecrTepav rrjv

(fivcTLV e)(ovTa<; dyoiVL<jTd<i p.ev dyadovs nq XQycov TTOvr]Ta<;

ovK dv diroTeXecreLev, aurov?8'

dv avTcou irpoaydyoi koI

7rp6<s TToXXd (f)povifjLO)T€po)<; SiaKelcrdaL TTOLnjcreLev.

BouXo)u,at 8' eTretSr; Trep et? tovto TTporjXOov, ert 16

aaêcrrepov elTrelv Trepl avTcov. îqpl yap lyoi t^v

fieu iBeaiv, i^ (hv tov<; X6yov<; dnavTaq /cat Xiyoixev Kai

crvvTideyiev, Xa/Belu tyjv i7ncrTrj[X7]i' ovk elvai tcov iravv

'âXeTTOJV, yjv tls avrov TrapaBS [jltj tol'S paStw? vn-

Lo^voviJLevoLs dXXd rots etSocrt tl rrepl aT^rwi^" to Be tov-

Tcov iff)' eKdcTTCp TCOV TrpayfjidTcov as 8et irpoeXicrOai Kai

fxlâi Trpo? aXXT^Xas /cat Taâi /caTo, Tpoirov, eTL Be

TCOV Kaipcov pjrj BiafxapTelv, aXXa /cat toI^ evOvprjixacn

TrpeTTovTco? oXov Tov Xoyov KaTaTTOt/ctXat /cat toIs ovo-

[xacTLV evpv9ixco<; Kai /xovcrt/ccug elirelv, TavTa Be ttoXXt^s 17

eTTifteXeta? 8eto-ât /cat t//u;)(^9 dvBpLKrj<; /cat 8oâo-Tt/c^9

epyov elvai, /cat Setz' toz^ /xev jjiaOrjTrjv 7rpo<s tco tt^v

c^vcTLV €)(eLV olav ^rj Ta [xev elBy) Ta tcov Xoycov pâOelv,

nepl Be to,? ^prj(Tei<i avTcov yvfJLvacrOrfvaL, tov Be

BiBdcTKaXov Ta fxev ovtco<; aKpi^co^ olov t elvau BceXueLv

ojcTTe fxrjBev tojv BiBaKTcov TrapaXnrelv, irepi Be tcov

6—2



84 SELECTIONS.

18 \oi7tiiiV TOiovTou avTou TTapaZcvyixa. irapaaêlv, wore

Tov<; iKTVTTOidevra'; koI jjLLixrjcracTOaL ovvap.ivov<i euûs

avdrjpoTepov koX âpiicTTepov Toiv aWcov (fyaCvecrOaL

Xeyoi'ra?. kol tovtcou fxeu aTrdvTwv crvixTrecrovTOiv re-

Xeiws eôvcTLV ol (îkocro<ôvvTes' Kau 6 o' av eWeiÔfi

Tt rcav elprjjxiuojv, avdyKiq ravrr) êipov oiaKeicrdai tov<;

vXr)crLoil,ovTa<;,

19 Ot jxeu ovv apn tcop aotpLCTTcuu aiâûojaei'ot koI

veoiaTi TTpo(nreTTT(OK6Te<; rats dXaôvetat?, et koX vvv

7r\eov(xlpvaLv, ev oTS' on Trcttre? ctti ravryjv Karev-

e)(drj(Tovrai ttjv vTToOecnv. XolttoI S' '^jjuu elcrlu ol irpo

rj^xoiv yev6p.evoi koX ra? KaXovjxevas re^îâ? yyoai/zat

ToXjJLTJa-auTes,ovs ovk d(f)eT€ou

azêTrtrt/xTyrovs' otrti'e?

viricrôvTo SiKctêcrât SiSctêtv, e/cXeâ/xei'ot ro Svcrê-

picTTaTOV 7(x)V oucfxaTcov, o Tcou (Ôovovvroiv €.pyov rjp

Xeyeiv aXX. ov toju TrpoecrTcoTCJv ttJs rotavTrjs TratSev-

20 crew?, KOL Tavra tov iTpdyixaTO<i, Kad' ocrou ecrrt StSaK-

To^', ovSev fjLoXKov irpos tov<s StKavLKov^ Xoyov? 17 Tryao^

TOV? aXXov? ttTravrag cocjieXeLv hwapîvov. toctovtco Se

)(€Lpov<; lyivovro t(x)V irepl ras eptSa? KaXivZovpevoiv,

o(TOv ovTOL pep TotavTa XoyiSia Ste^twres, ots et rt?

evrl r<t>i/ Trpdêoiv ipipielveiev, ev9v<; dv iv irdcnv etrj

KaKots, o/xw? aperijv eiriqyyetXavTO /cat <jo}<^po(Tvviqv

irepi avTQjp, f^K€LV0L 8' CTTt Tou? TToXtrt/covs Xoyov? napa-

KaXovPTe<;, apeXijorapTe'? tcop aXXcop tcHp TrpocroPTCop av-

TOt? ayaOcop, 7roXvTrpaypo(TVPr)<i kol 7rXeope^La<s vTriarr}-

21 crai^ etvat 8t8acr/caXot. Katrot rou? ôvXopepov<i TreiO-

apêip rots vtto tt^s <^tXocro<^ta9 ravrr^s irpocTTaTTope-

VOLS TToXv ap OaTTOP irpos eTneLKCLap rj 7rp6<; prjropeiap

oijieXrja-eiep. kol p,7)Sel<s oleaOo) /xe Xiyeip tu? ecrrt

ot/catocrwT^ oihaKTOP' oXcu? ju.ei' yaya ovSe/xtW rfyovpa.i.



22

ISOKRA TES. 85

TOLavTTjv elvau Ti^vrjv, rJTL<s toU? /ca/ca>s 7re<^VK6(Ti Trpos

apery^v craxjypoa-vmjv av KaX îKaLocrvvrjv ifjcTTOLTJcreLev ov

fx-qv aXXa crvixirapaKekevcracrdal ye koI crvvaaKyja-aL [xd-

Xio-T av oijxai ttju tcou koycov raiv ttoXltlkSp eTTtjUeXetav.

"Iva Se fXT] SoKco toLs [xeu t(ov dXXcoi' vTrocr)(€creL<;

OLoXveLu, avTos Se /^tetô) Xeyeiv tcov ivovTcov, i^ wvirep

avTo<; iTreiaOrfv ovtco ravT eêtv, paSiCJs olfxai koI rots

aXXots (f)avepov KaTacrTtjcreLv.

V. nEPI ANTIAOIEfil.

§§ 270—302.

Hepl [xev ovv tovtcov dno^prj fxoL to vvv efj'at ravr 270

elprjKevaL kol crv[Ji/3efiovX€VKevaL' Trepl Se cro<^ta? /cat

(f>LXo(TO(f)La<; T0i9 fiep Trepi aXXcov tivcov diy(iiVLtpix4voi<;

ovK av apfJiocreLe Xeyeiv Trepl tcov ovoixoltcov tovtoxv

(ecrrt yap dXXoTpia Trctcrat? rat? Trpay/xaretat?) , ep..o\ S'

iiretS'^ Kal KpivofxaL wepl tcov tolovtcov /cat T-qv KaXov-

fxevrjv VTTO tlvcjv (îXo(TO(f>iav ovk elvai ^1)1x1, TrpocrrJKeL

TYjv St/catco? av vofxiôjjievrjv opicrai. koI SrjXojcraL npos

v[jLd<s. ctTrXaJ? Se ttoj? Tvy\dvoi yiyvoiCTKOiv Ttepi avTQyv. 271

cTretSi} yap ovk evecTTiv ev ttj (jivcreu ttj tosv dvOpwirayv

iiTLcrT'qix'qv Xa/Selv, r/v e)(0VTe<; av elSelixev 6 tl npaKTeov

rj XeKTeov ecTTiv, e/c tcov Xoltt^v cro(f>ov'? fxev vop.it,co tov^

rat? Soât? eiTLTvyxdveiv co<; inl to ttoXv tov êXTLCTTOv

SwafxevoVi,(f)LXocT6côv'i oe rous iv rourot?

SiaTpil3ovTa<;

i^ (OV ra^tcrra XrjxjJOVTaL ttjv TOiavTTjV c^povqcnv. a 8' 272

ecrrt tcov eTTLTrjSevfxdTcov Tavrrjv eôvTa ttjv Svvajxiv

e)(co [lev elirelv, okvco Se XeyeiV ovtco ydp icxTL crcfioSpa

/cat napdSoâ /cat ttoXv ttj^ tcov dXXcov d(f)ecTTcoTa

Stai/ota?, wcTTe <f)o(BovixaL fxr) ttjv ap)(7jv avTc^v a/cou-

cravTe<; dopvôv /cat ^0179 drrav iixTrXrjarjTe to SiKacrTTj-



86 SELECTIONS.

piov. o/xco? Se KaCirep ovtco StaKet/xei'os iTTLêiprjaai

hia\e)(6rjvai rrepl avTcop' alar)(yvop.ai yap, ei ricri So^w

SeStojs VTTcp y-qpo)^ koX yuiKpov /Blov irpoSiSovaL rrjv

273 akrjOeLau. Seo/xat S' vp,(ov (jlt) itpoKarayvoivat fxov

TOLavTr]v fxaviav, (o<5 ap iyo) KLPOVvevcov TrpoeLkojxrjv av

X6yov<; eLTrelu euavTiov^ rat? f/^terepats yi^wju-at?, et fxr)

KoX TOts Trpoeiprjixevoi^ olkoXovOov^ avTovq ipofxilôv eluac

Kol ra? diroSeCêLs akiqOel'; /cat o-acêts w/xt^v eêti^ v7re/5

274 avrojv. Tjyovixai 8e TOiavT'qv fieu re^vr^v, ijrt? rot?

KaKok necfyvKoaiV aperrjv ivepydcraiT dv koX hiKaio-

(TvvTjv, ovre Trporepov ovre vvv ovSejjLiav elvai, tov^ re

ret? v7ro(r)(e(T€LS TTOLovjJLevovg irepX avTcov Trporepov aire-

peiv Kol TTavaecrOai XrjpovPTas irpiv evpedrjvai Tiva irai-

275 Setav TOLavrrjv, ov fxrjv dXX avrov<i y avTcov /SeXrtov?

dv yiyvecrOai koX Tr\eiovo<^ dîov^, el Trpos Te to \eyeiv

ev ^cXortjU-ojs SiareOelev /cat rov rrreWeiv SvvacrOai tov<;

dKovovra'; ipacrOeZev, Ka\ irpo'; tovtoi<^ T'fj<; TrXeozê^tag

eTnOviiTjO-eiav, firj rrj'? vtto Tutv avorjTcov vojXLlô[xevr)<;

276 aXXa Trjq cJ? d\r]0co<; rrjv Svpajxiv TavTiqv i)(ov(rrj'?. Kal

ravO' w? ovT(o 7re(f)VKe, raêoj? oljxai Sr]\(6(TeLV. TrpwTov

jxev yap 6 \eyeiv rj ypd(f)eLV TrpoaLpovfJievos X6yov<; dîovs

eiraivov /cat Tt/xi79 ovk eariv ottojs TToirjcreTai ras vtto-

Secret? aSt/cov? 17 fXiKpds 17 Trepl twv iSicov crvjxôXaiov,

dWd [xeydXaq /cat /caXa? /cat îXavOp(i)Trov<i /cat irepi

Tcov KoiVMV *TTpayixdT(t)V' ixrj yap roiauras evpicrKonv

277 ovhev hiaTTpdêrai TOiv êovTOiV. eireira tcov irpdgewv

Toiv crvvTeivovcrcov Trpo? t'qv VTToOecriv e/cXe'êrat rag

TTyoeTrcoSecrTara? Kat /xaXtcrra aviJicjiepoveras' o oe rets

T0LavTa<; crvvedLt6ixevo<; Oecopelv kol SoKLjJidleLV ov fxovov

nepl Tov evecTTOiTa Xoyov dXXd /cat Trepl ras aXXa?

TrpdêL<; ttjv avT^v eêi Tavrrjv SvvajJLLV, mctO' afxa to



ISOKRA TES. 87

\iyeiv ev koI to (fypoveiu TrapayevijcreTai toI'^ (f)Lko(T6(f)(o<s

Koi ^tXoTt)u,&.>9 TT/Dog Tovs Xoyov? SLaKeLfjLevoL<;. /cat [xrji' 278

ovS' 6 TTeWeiv TLvas /3ov\6iJi€vo<s dfieXyjcrev rrjq dpeTyjt;,

dXXd TovTcp ixaXicTTa TrpoaeêL tov vovv, ottojs Boâv ws

i'meiKearrdT'iqv XTJxjjeraL irapd toIs (TvinTo\iTevoiiivoi<;. rt?

yap ovK oT8e koX tovs \6yov<; aKrqdecrTepov<i SoKOVPTa<5

eivai Tov<i VTTO toju ev BiaKeiixevcov Xeyojxei'ov'? rj tovs

VTTO Twv SiajSe/SXTqiJiei'cov, /cat ms 7rL(TTeL<s [xeliôv Svva-

/xeVas ras e/c tov /3lov yeyeurjixeua's rj ras vtto tov \6yov

776770/)tcTjaeVa? ; wcr^' ocrco av tl<; ippcojxevecTTepa)^ em-

0v[xy TteWeiv tovs dKovovTas, tocfovto) jxdWov dcrKij-

crei Ka\o5 /cayaô? eti'at /cat Trapd rots 7roXtTats evSo-

Ki[X€LV. KOi /xT^Set? i5/X(ijj/ ol4(j9oi T0v<; p.€v ctXXov? dtTav- 279

ra? ytyvwcTKeti', o(Ty)v e\ei poTT'qv ets to TreWeiv to rots

KpivovcTLV dpecTKeLV, Tov^ Se Treyot xTyt' (faXocroffiLav ovTaq

[x6vov<s dyvoeiv ttju T>y5 €vvoia<^ Svpajxcv ttoXv yap dKpu-

jSecTTepov T(ov aXXcov /cat ravr tcracrt, /cat 77^09 rovrot? 280

ort ra /xei' etKora /cat ra TeKjxrjpia koX Trdv to tuv

TTLCTTecoy et8o5 tovto fxovov wtêXet ro jLtepog, e<^' w ai/

avTwv EKacTTOv Tv^Tj piqOev, to he BoKeZv elvai KaXou

KayaOov ov pôvov tov Xoyov iricrTOTepov eTTOiiqcrev, dXXd

/cat ras TrpdêL<; tov ty^v TOiavTr)v hoâv e)(OVTO'? evTipo-

Tepa<i KaTeaTTjo-ev, vTrep ov (nrovSacrTeov icrTl rot? ev

(f)popov(TL [xdXXov 7] Trepl tcov aXXwi/ anavTajv.

To Toivvv Trepl tyjv TrXeoveîav, o Svcr)(epecrTaTOVt)?^

281

Toil/ p-qOevTOiv el pev rt? viToXap^dvei tov<; anoaTe-

povvTa<i rj TrapaXoyit,opevov<; tj KaKov tl TTOioin'Ta'^ nXeo-

veKTelv, OVK 6p0co<i eyvoiKev ovSeveq yap ev aTvavTi rw

/3tw [xaXXov eXaTTOvvTai tcov tolovtcov, ovo' ev nXeocnv

dTTopiais elcriv, ovh^ eTToveihicTTOTepov t,(ocrLV, ovo oX(o<;

dOXiioTepoi Tvy^dvovcnv ovTe^' XPV ^^ '^'^^ ^^^ irXeov 282



88 SELECTIONS.

€)(€LV riy^crdai /cat irKeoveKTiqcreiv vojXLêLv napa jxep tqjp

Oeoju Tovs evcreêa-Tajovf; /cat tovs trepX Trjp OeparreCav

Trjv eK^tvoiv eTrt/xeXecrrarovs ovTa<^, napa oe toju avOpoJ-

ncov Tov<5 apicTTa Trpos tovtov<; /xe^' (ov av ot/coJcrt /cat

TTokiTevojvrai StaKCt/ieVovs /cat roi)? êXTccrTov^ avrou?

283 etuat SoKovpTas. Kat ravra kol rat'j dXriOeCat^ ovT(o<i

€\<E.i, /cat crvix(f)ep€L top rpoTrop tovtop XeyecrOac rrepl

avTojp, inel pvp y ovt(o<s dpecTTpaTTTaL /cat criry/ce^^vrat

TToXXd Twp Kara rrjp itoXip, cJctt' ovSe rot? opofxaaip

epioi TiP€<i ert ^payvTai Kara ^xxjip, aXXd jJieTa(f)epovcrLP

d/rro T(OP koXXlo'tcop irpayixdrcop inl ret âuXorara tqjp

284 eTTiTrjêvyidroiP. rov^ fxep ye ficDfioXoêvofiepovs /cat

cTKcoTTTeip Kat {XL[X€Lcr0aL Svpajxepov^ ei5^v€t5 /caXoucrt,

TrpocrrJKOP tt^s Trpoa"qyopLa<; ravTiq<i Tvy)(dp€LP Tovq d-

piOTTa Trp6<i dpeTrjp 7re(^v/co'ras' tov^ Se rats KaKor)9eiaL<;

/cat rats KaKovpyiai<^ -^(ofxepov;, /cat fiLKpa pêp Xa/xySct-

vovrag irop-qpap Se Soâv KTcopepov^, TrXeopeKTelp popi-

Ipvaip, dXX' ov Tov<s dtrtcoTctrov? /cat St/catorctrous, ot

285 TTCyot T(op dyadoiv ctXX' ov Tcuj^ KaKcop irXeopeKTovcTi' tov<;

Se Twi/ pep dpayKaioiP dpeXovPTa^, ret? Se tcop TraXatoJi^

aocjiLCTTcop repaToXoyia<i dyaTrc^PTa<i (f)LXocro(f)e2p <f)aaLP,

dpeXrjcraPTe<; tov^ to, rotavra papddpovras /cat peXe-

TcoPTas i^ diP Kat roi' tSto^' oIkop /cat ra /coti^ct ra Trjq

TToXew? KaXeog 8tot/cT7a'oucrtv, oiPirep epeKa /cat TroprjTeop

/cat (f>LXo(TO(f)y]Teop /cat irdpra wpaKreop ecrTiP. d(f) cop

v/xet9 -TToXui^ 17817 )(p6pop dTTeXavpere tov<; pecorepovs,

dTrohe)(6pepoL tovs Xoyous tcSv StaySaXXovrwi/ 717^ Tot-

285 avTrjp TTaiZeiop. /cat yap rot TTeTTOirjKaTe Tovq pep em-

etKeaTaTovi avrcop ip Trorots /cat (TVPovcrLai<; /cat padv-

pLaL<s Kat TratStat? tt}/^ •/^XtKtat' Stayetv, ct/xeXTô-ai^Ta?

Tov aTTOvhdêiP ottw? ecroprai ySeXrtovs, rovs Se X^^P^



TSOKRATES. mr""---''

rrjv <pv(riv €)(ovTa<s iv rotaurat? a/ôXacriats "qijkpeveiv, ^-- k.

€V ats irporepov ovo av 0LKeT7]<; eTrtet/cry? ovoet? eroX—==;

ixrjcrev' ot /mcv yap avT(ov irrl Trj<; 'FiVi/eaKpovvov xpv- 287

ôvcTLV oivov, ot S* ei^ Tot? KaTrr)\€LOL<; ttlvovctiv, irepoL

S' ei' Tots <TKLpa<êioi<i Kvêvovcn, ttoWoX S' ei^ rois r&Ji/

avXrjTpiBcav StSacTKaXetot? SLarpCôvcrL. /cat rovs êi/

CTTt ravra TrpoTpeirovTa'; ovSels TroiTTore roJi' KTJBecrOai

<f)a(rKOVT(ov Trj<s TyXt/ctas ravriys ets u/âg etcrT^yayei^* rJ/Ati'

8e /ca/ca Trap€)(ov(Tiv, ot? aîov riv, el /cat fjLTjSevos aWou,

Tovrou ye yapiv eêiv, ort rovg crvi'oj'ras raJt' TOLOVTcav

iTTLTrjBeuiJidTwv aTTOTpeTrofxev. ovtcu S' ecrrt Svcr/xei'eg 288

anacTL to tcou avKOiâvroiv yeVos, ware rots jitet' Xvo-

/jteVot? eiKOcri /cat rpiaKovTa p.v(ov ret? /xeXXovcras /cat

rov aXXoi' ot/cov awavaipijcreLv ov)^ ottcds av inLTrXijêLav,

dXXa /cat (TVY)(aipov(TL tcu'^ acrwrtatg avTcou, tov<s S' et?

TTyt' avTOJV TratSetai' drtov^' avakicrK0VTa<; SLafpOeipecrOal

iâcriv. ^v nVe? ai/ dBtKcoTcpov eôtev Trjv alriav rau-

rryi' ; otrti'es ei* raurats /xei^ rat? a/cju,ats oiTes T57repetSov 289

ras TJSoms,e^* ats ot TrXetorrot rwi' T>yXt/covTajv

fidkiaTavTutv iinOvixovorLV, iôv S' avrots padvpieiv fJLrjSeu Sa-

7rai'(oiM€POL<s clXovto TToveiv ^pr^/Aara reXecraiTe^, dpri S'

CK TraiScov iêXrjXvOoTes eyvoicrav d ttoXXoI tojv Trpea^v-

Tepoiv ovK laaaiv, ort Set rov opOco^ /cat 7Tpe7r6vT(o<s 290

7rpoeaTa)Ta Tyj<? rjXLKLas /cat koX'qv dp^v rov /Stou ttoi-

ovjxevou avTov irporepov r] tcou avTov TTOirja-acrOai Trjv

eVt/JteXeta^', /cat /at) cTreuSeti' /tt^Se ^rjTetP erepoiv dpêiv

rrpXv dp TTj^ avTov Stai/ota? Xd/Br) rov imcrrar'qcrovra.,

/XT^S' ovTbi âipeLV p^rj^k /xeya (fypovelv inl rot? aXXot?

dya6o2<i (OS iiri rots ei' rfj ^v)(rj Sta ri^v TraiheCav eyyt-

yvoyiivois. /cat rot rous rotovrw Xoyta"/-tw K€^r)[xevov<s

TTws ou/c eVatvetcrât î} fxdXXov f} xjjdyeaOai, koI vop,C-



90 SELECTIONS.

êaOai, l3eXTiaTOV<; etvai koI crw^povecrrarov? tcoi/ rjki-

291 0av/xa{&) S' ocroi tovs /êv ^vcret Seit'ou? oi^ra?

elTTelv evZaLiJLOvil,ov(TLV co<s dya$ov /cat koXov TrpdyixaTog

avTot? avixê^rjKOTos, tov<s Se rotovrov? yevecrOai ySov-

Xo[xepov^ XoiSopovcriv coq (xSlkov kol KaKov TratSeu/xaro?

iiTL0vixovPTa<;. Kai tol tl tcov <^vcret Kokcou outcov fxeXeTy

Karepyacrdev alcrxpov 17 KaKov Icttlv ; ovSeu yap euprj-

(TOfxev TOLOVTOI', ttXX' ev ye rot? aXXots eTTaivovixev tov<s

rat? <f)iXo7rovLaLS rats aiJrwt' dyaOov ri KTTja-acrOai hwrj-

6evTa<; jxdXXov 7) tov<s Trapd tcov Trpoyoucov irapaXa-

292 jSovTciq, et/coTws* (TV[JL(f)ep€L yap liri re tcou aXXcov aTrav-

Tcov, Kal jxaXiaT inl rojv Xoyoiv, [xrj ras evTvîas dXXd

rets eTTi/xeXetas evSoKLjjbelu. ol [xev yap (fiva-eu Kal rv^rf

Setvot yevojJievoL Xeyeiv ov npos to /SeXncrTov drro^Xe-

TTOVcriv, aXX! oTraJS av Tvj/oicnv, ovtq) ^rjcrOai roi<; Xoyot?

elcodacTLV ol Se (f)LXocrocf)La Kal XoyLcrfxco rrji' hvvajxiv

ravT'qv XajB6vTe<;, ovSeu ao-zceVraJS XeyovTeq, rjTTov irepl

293 Tct? TrpdgeLS TTXr)[xixeXovcnv. wt6* diracn [xeu jSovXeaOaL

TrpocrrjKei ttoXXov? etiât rov<i e/c TratSetas Setzôus eltreZv

yLyuofxevov;, jxdXLCTTa S' v/xti^* /cat ya/3 avrot npoe^êre

Kal Staêpere rwf aXXcji^ ov rats nepl top iroXeixov eVt-

jaeXetat?, ovS' oVt /caXXtcrra TroXLTevecrOe /cat fidXiCTTa

(pvXaTTere tov^ yofxovs ov<s. vpuv ol vpoyovoL KareXnrov,

aXXa Tovrot? ot?^^ Trep 7^ (f)vo'L^ t] tcou dvOpconcov tcHu

aXXwi^ ^(owv, Kai to yevo<; to Toiv '^XXrjvoiv to>v fiap-

294 jBapcxiv, TO) Kai 77/509 TTju (^povqaiv /cat Trpos rot"? Xoyou?

afietuou TreTraiSevcrdaL raw dXXcov. wcrre TTdvrwv dv

crvixâLy] SeLvoTarov, el tov<; fôyXoiievov^ toI<; avTol's

TovTOLS OLeueyKelv tcou '^Xiklcotcou, ot? Trep Vfjcels dnduTcov,

BiacfydeLpeadaL xjjrjcfiLCTaLCTOe, Kal tov<; ttj TratSeta TavTrj



ISOKRA TES. 91

)(p(t)lxevov<;, t^s v/xets Tjye/AOj'es yeyeviqcrOe, (jviKôpa. tivX

TrepL/SaXoLTe.

Xp')) yap jaT^Se tovto \av6dvciv vjna?, ort irdvTCDV 295

Tow^ SvvafJLevcov \iyeLV rj iraiheveiv Tf TToXt? -qjJLcou So/cet

yeyevrjcrdai StSctcrKaXo?. et/corws* /cat yap d^Xa fieyiCTTa

TiOelcrav avrriv opcocn rots tt^^* S-upafiLv TavTiqv e)(Ovcn,

Koi yvjJivda-La TrXelcTTa Koi TravToSaTTCoTaTa irapiôvcrav

TOL<^ dyo)VL,^€cr9aL Trporjpi^p.ivoi'^ koX nepl rds rotavras""

yvjjivdêordai ôvXo/x.eVot9, ert 8e tt}^ iixTteiptav, tj irep 296

fidXiCTTa TTOLel Bvvacrdat, \.4yeiv, evdevhe ndvTas XafxjSd-

vovTa<i' Trpog 8e rovrot? /cat rr)!^ rrj? cf)(oVrj<s KOLVOTTjTa

Kol ixeTpLOTTjTa Kol TTju akXrjv evrpairekCav /cat ^tXo-

\oyiav ov fXiKpou TjyovvTai crvp.âkiorOat pepo<; rrpos

T-qu T(xiv Xoyoiv TratSetav cScrr' ovk dSi/cws virokap^d-

vovcriv aTravTa<s tov<; \iyeiv ovTa<5 Beivov^ rrj^ TToXeojg

ett'at padrjTa'^. (TKOTreir ovv prj 7ravTdTra.aLv rj Kara- 297

yikaa-TOV Trj<; So^rys ravT-qq (f)\avp6i/ tl KarayLyvcoaKew,

rju v/xet9 4x€^Te napa rot? ''EXXy^crt ttoXv pâkkov rj iycj

Trap* vplv ovZev ydp dXX' rj (âvepoj'^ vpcov avrCyv eaecrOe

KaT€\lfrj(f)i(rp€uoL Trjv ToiavT-qv dSiKiav, /cat 7r€TroLy)K6Te<; 298

opôiov (ocnrep av el Aa/ceoat/>to^'tot tov<5 rd Trepl tov

TTokepôv ao'KovvTa'i ^y)piVovv iTn)(eipoiev, rj ©erraXot

Trapoi Toju iTTTTeveiv p.ekeTcoi^Tcou BLKrjv kapuj^dveLv d^Lolev,

vnkp iov (jivkaKTeov ecniv, ottojs pyjSkv tolovtov iâpap-

rrjcrecrOe Trepl vpd<;avrovs,

p^rjSe

Tno-TOTepov; TroLtjcreTe

rovs koyovs tovs tcjv KarrjyopovvTOiv Trj<s TroXecug rj tov<s

TO)v eTraivovvTOiv. olpai S' v/xd? ovk dyvoelv ort tcov 299

^kkrjVMV ot p.ev Svcr/coXwg 7rpo<i vpLd<; eôvo'Li', ol 8' ws

olou re p^dkiCTTa (f)LkovaL koI tds eXTTtSa? T'179 (rcoTrjpCa^

ev vpiLv €)ôvcrL. Kat <f)acnv ol p.ev tolovtol pôvrfv elvai

ravTiqv ttoXlp, rds S' aXXa? Kcop,a9, /cat St/catws av avTitjv



92 SELECTIONS.

aoTTV T'q<s 'EXXaSo? TrpocrayopevecrOai koX Stct to ix€-y€0o<s

/cat Sto, Tag evTropia<s ra? evOivoe rot? aXXots yLyvofxeua<;

300 /cat ixaXicrTa Sta rw Tpoirov tcop evoiKOVVTOiV ouSeVa?

yctyD eliât irpaorepov^ ovhe KOLVOT€pov<s ovS' of? ot/ceiore-

po^* dt' Tts TOJ' duavTa /3lov o-vi^SLaTpCxjjeLei'. ovtcj 8e

fxeydXaL^ ^cS^'rat rat? vTrepôXat?, wcrr' ouSe tout'

o/cvovcrt \dyeiv, cJ? yjSiou civ vtt dvSp6<; 'A0r]vaLov ^r)fj.LOi-

Oeieu rj Sta t7^9 erepcov (ofi6T7]To<; ev Trddoueu. ot Se

TauTa ix€v Stacrv/3ovo"t, ote^tot'Te? Se Tct? toJi^ (rvKo<pav-

roiv TTLKpoTTjTaq /cttt /ca/coTT/jaytas oXt^s tt^? iroXecos cus

301 a[XLKTov /cat âXcTTi^? ovcrrj'? KaTrjyopovcTLv. ecmv ovv

SiKaCTTCOV V&VV iÔVTCOV TOVS p^^V TO)V TOLOVTOiV \6yoiv

atTtovs yiyvopivov; diroKTeCveLv cJg peydXyju alcr^wrjv

Trj TToXet irepLTroLovvTa<;, Toi><; Se TaJi^ irraLUcop rdv \eyo-

peucou irepi avTrj'? /xeyoos Tt crv/xy8aXXo/>teVovs ripidv /xaX-

Xov 7^ Tovs dOX.rjTa'? tov^ iv toI<^ (TTeâviTai<^ dycocTL

302 VLKcovTa<i' TTokv ydp KaXXtco Soâv eKeivoiv KTcopêuoL Trj

TToXet Tvy^dvovcri kcu pdWov dpixoTTovaau. nepl p.ev

yap TTjv ToJv croifxaTcov dycaviav noWov? tov^ api(î(T^'q-

TovvTaq eôpiev, irepl Se Trjv TratSeiav ctTravTes dv >;/.tas

TTpoiTeveiv irpoKpiveiav.

VI. nANHTYPIKOI.

§§ 160—186.

160 flcTTc /xot 80/cet TToXXa \iav eivai Ta irapaKeXevo-

p,eva TTokepeiv avTot?, /LtaXtcrTa S' o Ttapcxtv /catyoo?,

oi' oi5/c d(f)eTeov' koI ydp alcrôv rrapovTi pkv prj

)(prjcr6ai, TrapekOovTos S' auTou pbepvrjorOai. tl yap

av /cat /SovXyjOelixeu rjplv iTpocryevicrOai, pêWovTes

161 /3ao-tXet TTokepeiv, €ô) tcou vvv vTrapôvTOiv; ovk At-

•yvTTTos /xej/ at^Tou /cat KuTrpos d(f)€(rTr)Ke, ôlvlkt]



ISOKRA TES. 93

Se KoX Xvpta 8ta tov TroXejotov dmcrrarot yeyovaai, Tupos

, e<p 27 l^^^y€(ppovr)(r€V,

vnotojv

eûpojv tcov gkîvov

KaTeCXrjTTTat ; t(ov S' iv KtXtKta TroXewv ras fiev TrXet-

crras ot /xe^' tjixcov ovreg eôvcrt, ret? 8' ou âXcTrov

e(TTt KTTjcracrOai. Av/ctas S' ouSet? TTcoiroTe Uepa-cov

iKparrjcev. 'E/caroja^'w? S' d KapLa<s iTTLcrTa9fjio<5 rfj 162

ju.et' oXrjOeLa ttoXvp yjSrj ^povov d(j)eaTr]Keu, oyLokoyrjcreL

OTav T^/tetg povhrquajixev. airo oe Kvloov y^^XP''

XLV(OTTr)<; 'ÊXXrûc's ttjv ^Kcrtav TTapoiKovcriv, ov<; ov Set

TreWeiv aXXa ^jltj KcoXveiv TroXeêtv. Kairoi tolovtcjv

6p1X7)77)pCcUV VnapâVTOiV KoI TOCTOVTOV TToXefJiOV T7)V

'AaCav TreptcTToivTO? tl Sec ra crvix^7)(r6ixeva Xuav axrpt-

/StSs cêrctêtv ; ottou ydp fiiKpcov fiepcov 7Jttov<; elaiv,

OVK aS7)Xov ojs av Stareêtev, et iracnv iqixlv TroXeixeiv

avayKacrOelev. eêt S' ovtox;. iav fxev 6 ySctpâpo? 163

€pp(i)lx.evecrTipo)<; KaTacrxJ) TOi<s TrdXei? ra? eVt BaXdrTT),

<^povpa<; fxeiôv; iu aurat? tj vvv iyKaTacrT7Jora<;, Ta^

av KoX TCOV vqaoiv at Trept t7)v rjireipov, oXov 'PdSo?

KoX '^dfjLO'i Kol Xt09, eTTt Td<s eKeivov rvâ? airo/cXtVetai/*

7)v S' iqixei<i avrct? Trporepoi KaToXd/Scofxei', et/co? tou?

ttJv AvStW Kat ^pvytav /cat tt}j' dXX7)V T7)v virepKei-

jji€U7)v Xcopav olKovvraq eTTt rot? ivrevdeu opii(jip.ivoi<;

elvai' Std Set crTreuSetv /cat /xT^Se/xtav TroieicrOai Starpt- 164

y^T^v, tVa /jIt) TrdOoiixev orrep ol Trarepe? 7}fjLa)V. e/cetfot

ydp vcTTepicravTeq tcov âp^dpoiv /cat TrpoefxevoC rtva?

T&Ji' crviJLixdxoiv TjvayKdcrOTjcrav oXtyot Trpos ttoXXou?

KtvSwevett', e'£oi/ avrot? TrpoTepoL<s Sia/Sdcnv et? T171'

TjrreLpov fxerd Trd(r7)<; t^9 twi/ 'EXXt^voji' Bvudixeo)? iv

jxepei Tcop iOvoiv eKaarov x^LpovcrOai. Se'Set/crat ydp, 165

orav Tts TToXeyurj Trp6<s dvOpcoirovs e/c ttoXXcui/ tottcov

(ryXXeyofjievovs, ort êt jif)} irepniiveiv ia)<s av imcrTcii-



94 SELECTIONS.

(Tiv, dXX.' en hiecnrapyievoi^ avrots eTTiêipeiv. iKelvoi^

fxev ovv TTpoeâfxapTovre^ aTravra ravT iTrqviopOaxravTo, IKaTacrTdvTe<s et? tov? jxeyLaTOv; dyupas' T^^tet? 8', ai^

^

<Tco(f)pov(oiJi€u, i^ d.pxy)S (f)v\a^6ixe0a koI ireipaa-oixeda

<f)0T]v>aL rrepl rr^v Kvîav Kai riqv 'Icouiap (TTpaToireSou

1 66 ey/caracTTTycravTe?, etSore? ort /cat /SacriXeu? ov;)( e/cw-

TO)!^ dipêi TU)V rjTreipoiTiov, dWd, /xetâ> Svpajxiv Trepl

avTov e/cacrrojv avTcov rroLiqcruixevo^' 7)9 i^fJiels otuv

KpeiTTO) BLajSLJSdcrcoiJLev, 6 l3ovXr)0ePTe<; pctStws af ttoitj-

craip.€.v, dcr(f)a\(o^ anacrav rrjv AcrCav KapTTCJcroixeda-

TToXv 8e KdXXioy iKeivoi irepi rrj^ ySacrtXetas noXeixeip rj

[Trpo<; T^/xa? avroug Tiepc rrj<; rjyeixovia'^ dixîcrîqTeiv.

167 'Âîov 8' cttI Tii^? vvv TyXtKta? iroirjcracrOai rrjv

(TTparelav, Iv 01 rd)V avix(f)opcov Koivoivrj(TavTe<;, ovtol

Koi rdiv dyaOojv aTToXavcrocn /cat [xTj Trdvra tov ')(ji6vov

hv(jTV)(ovvTe^ SiaydycocTLV- t/caw? yap o 7rape\7]\v0c6<s,

iv M Ti Tcov heivctw ov yiyovev ; ttoWwv yap KaKcou

rfj (f)V(Tei TTj Tcov dp0pcoTTcou vrrap-ôPTcov avTol TrXeCo)

Tcof dvayKaioiv irpocreêvprjKaiiev, vroXe/xovs /cat cTTdcreLq

168 yJiXLU avTols ifXTTonjcravTe'^, cocrTe rovs fxev iv rats avTOJv

dvofJLO)^ d7r6XXv(T0ai, tov<; S' cttI îvq^; fxerd TraCScjv Koi

yvvaiKcHv dXd<j0ai, ttoXXovs Se St' epSeiav rcov Ka0'

rjixipav iiTLKovpeLV dvayKat,ofxivov<; vnep tcov i')^0pcou

TOts ^tXois jLtaôjLteVou? dTTO0vrjcrKeiv. virep (hv ovSet?

TTunroT TfyavaKTr^crev, dX)C i-rrl fxev rat? crviiôpa2<; toa.<;

VTTO Toiv TTOLTjTcoi' crvyKeLfjLevaL<5 SaKpvetu dîovcni', dXr]-

0ivd 8e TTd0r] TroXXd /cat Seivd yvyv6\hevo. Sta rov ttoX^-

fjiov i(f)opcoi'T€<; TocrovTov Seovcnv iXeelv, (oorre koL

{xdXXov 'âipovcriv inl rots dXXy^Xo)V Ka/cot? rj rot?

169 avTCJi' tStot? dya0o1<^. tcroj? S' dv /cat r'^? e/Ai^? evT)-

êtas TToXXot KaTayeXdcreiav, el Sucrrv^tas avSpwv



ISOKRA TES.95

oSvpoLixTjv iv rots toiovtols Kaupol'?, iv ots 'IraXta fxku

avdcTTCiTo^ yiyove, St/ceXta Se /caraSeSovXwrat, rocrauTat

Se TToXets rots fiapl3dpoL<; e/cSeSoz^rat, rd Se XotTra [JLepy]

Tbiv ^^Wrjvoiv iv Tol<; [xeyCcrTOL^ klvStjpol<; iariv.

Savjxdlô) 8e T(ov hvvacTTevovTOiV iv rats TToXeaLv, 170

el TrpocrrjKeiv avrots "qyovvTai fxiya (f)poveiv, fXTjhev

7r(O7To0' VTTep TrjkiKovTOiv npayiMaTov [xtJt elrreXv pufjT

ivOvjxvdrjvai SvvrjOevTes. ixPW 7^9 ctvrou?, elirep rja-av

d^LOL Trjs TrapovcTT)^ Soî^?, dirdvTOiv d(f)e[xevov<; tcov

aXkcov wepl tov TToXe/xov rod Trpo? tov'? fiapl3dpov<s elarj-

yeicrdai koI crvix/SovXeveLV, tv)(ov {xkv ydp av tl crvve-

iripavav el 8e koX TrpoaireZTTOv, aXX' ovv rovs ye Xoyov? 171

iocnrep ^'r](rp.ov<; ets rov iiriovTa ôvov av KaTeknrov.

vvv 8' ol jxev iv rats iJieyi<jrai<^ Sofats ovre? evrt fiLKpoi<;

(TTTOvSdlôvcnv, Tjixlv he to2<5 tcov ttoXltlkcov iêaTrjKoaL

irepi TrjXiKovTCJV npayixdrcov o-vjJiôvXeveLv irapakekoi-

Traaiv.

Ov fxrjv aXX' ocrco pîKpoy^vôrepoi Tvyy(dvovcnv i']2

ovTe<^ ol 7rpoecrT(oTe<; "qjJicov, ToaovTcp Tov<i aXXovs ippoi-

[xevea-Tepo)<; Set (TKOTrelv ottcus dTraWayrjcropjeda Tyj<;

Trapo-ucrrj's ej^^ysag- vvv fxev yap ixdrrjv TroLovfjLeOa ra?

irepl rrj^ elptjvr]^ (TvvOrjKa^' ov ydp SiaXvofieOa, tov?

TToXe/xov? dXX' dva/BaXXojxeOa, /cat TrepLpêvoixev rovs

KaLpov<s iv ots dvqKecTTov tl KaKov aWrjXov<; ipya-

craaOai SwrjcrofJieOa. Set 8e TavTa<; Td<? iTn/SovXaq 173

iKTToSoov TTOtT^cra/xeVovs iKeivoi<i toIs epyoi^ eTTV)(eipeLV

i^ (liv Tdq re TroXet? dcr(f)aXe(TTepov olKijcrofxev /cat Trto"-

TOTepov Sta/cetcro/xeâ Trpog Tyjitds avrovg. ecrrt 8 auXov;

Kal /5aStos o Xoyo? o 7re/)t rovrcoi^* owre yap eiprjvrjv

olov re êâtav dyayeiv, rjv fx-q KOLvfj rots âpjiapoiq

iroXe[JiT]cr(0[iev, ovff opôvorjaai tovs ''EXXrjvas, Trpiv av



96 SELECTIONS.

K0.1 Ta? oxêXeta? e/c Toiv avTcov kol tov<; KLvhwovs Trpoq

174TOUS avTov<s TTOLyjcrcjfxeOa. tovtcov Se yeuofxevcov /cat

T7J<; ttTTO/Jta? Trj<s Trepl rov jBlov rjixojp aâiped€io"q<;, rj

Kai ra? eratpias hioKvei Kai ras (rvyyeueCa^ et-i e)(6pav

irpodyei /cat 'ira.vTa<i dudp(07rov<i els TToXeixovs /cat crra-

o"€ts KaOicrTTjaiv, ovk ecrrtv ottws ov^;^ 6ixovori<jop.ev /cat

Ta? eui'oias dXyjOuvas Trpos Tj/xa? avrovs eô/xev. wi^

ei'e/ca 7rey3t ttovtos iroLTjTeop oirois ws TaîaTa top

ivdevZe TTokeyiOV ets r?}!^ TjireLpov hiopiovp.ev, cos jjlopov

av TOVT dyadov dTroXavaaLfxev tSv klvSvucop tcov npos

rfiids avTovs, et rat? ejaTretptat? rat? e/c tovtwi^ yeyevr)-

[xevaLS 7rp6<s top /Sdp/Sapov KaTa^prjcraardai Boêiev Tjfjuv*

175 'AXX.a ydp lctcos Sua ra? avvdrjKas dîov €Tna"êLv,

aXX OVK iireL^Ôrji/aL Koi OdrTov TroLijcraadaL tt]v (rrpa-

Teiav; St' a? at /xeu T^XevOepcofxevaL tcov TroXeoiv âcrtXet

xdpLV LcracTiv, ojg St' iKeivov TV)(ovcraL ryjs avTovojiias ^

TavTrjs, at S' e/cSeSo/>teVat rot? âp^dpois /aaXtcrra pêv

AaKeSaLp.ovLOLS eniKaXovcriv, eireiTa Se Kat rots aXXot?

rot? peTacr)(ovcrL Trj<s elpy]vy)<;, ws vno tovtojv SovXeveiv

rjvayKacrpevai. Katrot ttcus ov ^-q BiaXveLV raura? ras

d/AoXoytas, e^ cSi/ ToiavTr) Sdâ yeyovev, ok d /Aet* ySciya-

fiapos /c^Serat tt^s 'EXXctSos /cat <f)vXa^ 7775 elpTJur)';

iorriv, 'qjxcov Se rtiê? etcrt^ ot Xvpavuopevoi koX Ka/cw?

176 TTOtovi'res avTijv; o Se irdvTOiV KorayeXaaTOTarov, drt

Twi' yeypapfxivciiv iv rat? dôXoytats ret êtyotcrra rvy-

'^dvop.ev Sta^vXaxTOi^reg. a yaei/ yap ovtovoixovs dcfyirjcn

ras re vrjcrovs Kai ra? TrdXets ra? CTrt ri^? EvpwTTT^?,

TTCtXat Xe'Xvrat Kat pdTTjv iv rat? cTT^Xat? iarCv' a S'

alcr^vv-qv r)piu îpei /cat ttoXXovs rwt' avppd^cav e'/cSe-

ScuKe, raura Se Kara -^(opav fieuei kol iravres avra

KVpicL TToiovpev, a XP^^ dvaipelv Kat /xi^Se /xtav e'ctf



ISOKRA TES. 97

iqixepav, vofXLôvTa^ TTpocrTayixara /cat fxi) crvu0T]Ka<; etfai.

rt? yap ovk otSev, otl (rvvOrJKai piiv eloriv, atrtves av tcrw?

KoX KOiva}<i d[x(l)OTepoL^ e^cocn, TrpocrToiyixaTa 8e ra Tov<i

iT€pov<; iXaTTOvvTa irapa to StKatov ; oto /cat twv i-j-j

TTpecrêvcrdvTOJV TavTrjV Trjv elptjvrjv St/catws ai^ Karr)-

yopo7fxev, otl Tre/x^êWeg vtto toJi^ EXXtî^wi' virep riov

f3apfidpo)V eTTOiTjcravTO ret? crvv6y]Ka<5. ixPW V^P ^^'

T0V9, etr* eSo/cet t>)i^ avTcov ^r^êiv €Ka(TTOv<s, etre Kat""

Tcui' SopLokcoTCJV indp-êLv, etre rovTOiv Kparelv oju viro

Trju elpriirqv iTvyxdvoiiev e;(Ovres, ev tl tovtcov opi-

crap-ivov^ koX koivov to St/catot' iroirjcrapivovi ovtcj

(Tvyypd(f)e(r0ai nepl avToiv. vvv 8e ttj pkv rjpeTepa 178

TToXet /cat TTJ AaKeSoapovLCDU ovheptav Tiprjv dTTeveipjxv,

TOP Se ^dp/Bapou dndcrrjq Tr]<i 'Acrtas Secnrorrjv Kari-

(TTTjcrav, (ocnrep vnep iKeiuov iroXeprjcrduTiov rjpcjv,

rj Trj<s pkv Yiepcrc^v 0Lp)(7J<? ndXat, KaOecrTrjKvCa'S, rjpcov he

apri ras TroXets KaroLKovvTCJu, aXX ovk eKeivcsiv peu

veciicnX TavTTjv ttju TLprjv iôvTcav, ripc^v Se tov diravTa

-)(p6vov iv rots ''EXXi^crt hvvaa-TevovTOiv. / oXpai S' 179

iKeivoiq eiTTCjjv paXkov Br^Xcocrecv T-qv re Trepi T^pd'S

aTipCav yeyevrjpevrju kol ttjv tov ySacrtXew? nXeoveîau.

Trj<; yap yyj<; dTrdcrr)<s T179 vtto t(o Kocrpco Keipivr)<^ Stâ

TETprjpei'r)';, /cat T17S pev 'Acrtas, ttJ?8' EvpcoTTTy? koXov-

pemrjq, ttju rjpicreiav eK tcuu (twOyjkcop eiXrj(êv, cocrvep

7rp6<; TOV Ata Tr^v )((6pav vepopevo^; aXX ov npo^ dv-

OpcoTTOVs ra? (Tvv0T]Ka<i iroiovpevo^. koX ravra? ripd<; 180

rjvdyKacrev iv crxT^Xat? Xidivatq dvaypd\fjavTa<s iv rot?

KOLVol<s tcjv lepcov KaTaOelvai, ttoXv KdXXiov Tpoiraiov Tdv

iv Ta'i<; pd)(ai<s yvyvopevoiV Ta pev yap virep pcKpajv

epyoiv KoX pids tv)(7)^ iorTiv, avTai 8' virkp airavTo^

TOV TToXepov /cat /ca^ 0X179 Trj<; *EXXa8os kaTi^Kacnv.

J- 7



9S SELECTIONS.

i8i 'Tttc/) (^v a^LOV opyitêa-Oat, koL crKOTrelv oncoq Toiv «

T€ yey€vr][xevo)v SCktjv \rj\^6ixe0a koX to. fieXXovra oiop- I0o)(T6{JLeda. Koi yap alcrxpov tSta piev rol<^ âp^dpoiq

ot/cerat? d^LOvu -^prja-Oai, ^-qp.ocria 8e toctovtov^ T(ou

crvpjpdôiv irepLopdv avTous SovXevovTa^, kol tov<; p.kv

irepX Ta TpoiLKcL yevopêvovs pud^ yvvaiK6<i dp7racr9eL(Tr]<;

ovTCO<g dnavTas crvvopyicrOrjvai rots dSLKrjOelcnv cocrre

pirj Trporepov Tra'ucraa'Oai 7ro\epiowTa<s TrpXv ttju ttoXlv

182 dvdcnarov eTTOviqo-av rov roXpjrjcravroq iâpiapTelu, r)pLd<^

S' 6Xr]<5 Trj<; 'EXXctSo? v^pLôpLevrjs prjZepiiav TTOirjcracTOai

KOivrjV ripoiplav, iôv i^puv em^? d^LOt, OLaTrpdgaaoaL.

p.6vo<; yap OVT05 o Tr6XepL0<; elprjvq'i KpeiTTcov iarC, Oeco-

pia pkv pLoXXov 17 crr/jareta 7rpocreoiKUi<;, dp.<ôripoL<; Se

(rvp.<f)epo)v, Kot rots iqcrvyâv ayeiv koI rot? iroXepetv

iiTiOvpiovcriV' etrj yap dv tol<s p.kv dSew? rd (T(j)€Tep

avTOJV KapTTovaOai, rots 8' eK tcov aXXoTpicov jaeyaXovs

ttXovtov? KaTaKTrjcracr6ai.

183 IloXXa^^ S' dv Tts Xoy1,1,6peuoq evpoi ravra? ra?

Trpaêts p^dXiaja Xv(TtTeXovcra<5 rjpuv. <ê/3e ydp, Trpo<s'

TLvas XPV 'JroXep,e'LV tovs /xT^Scjatas 'rrXeoveîa<i i-mOv-

p,ovvTas dXX' auro to ^LKaiov aKOTrovvTa<s ; ov 7rpo<;

T0V5 Kal Trporepov Ka/cws ti}v 'EXXctSa Troirjcravra^ /cat

vvv emôvXeuovTaq kol ndvra toi' ^(povov ovto) irpo<i

184 T^/xd? StaKeijLieVov? ; Ttcrt Se <^doveiv ecKo^ ecTTi rov?

/x'^ TTavTairacnv dvavSpo^ StaKct/xeVovs aXXa pêrpLco^

TOVTCo Tw irpdypôTi )(^pojp,€vov<5 ; ou TOis êtôvs /xev

rd? Svfacrretas 17 /car' dv0p(t)7rov<s vepLJSelSXyjpevoLS,

iXdTTovo<s 8' dîoL<s tojv .Trap" rfplv SvcrTvxovvTOiv ; iiri

Tcva? Se cTTpareveLv TrpocrrJKei Tov<i dpa pev evcrefieiv

(BovXopevoVi, d/xa 85 row (Tvp(f)€povTO<; iv6vp,ovp,evov<s;

ov/c CTTt T0V9 Kol (j)vcr€L TToXepLOv; Kal iraTpLKov^ e)(-



ISOKRA TES.99

6pov<s, Kai TrXetorra fxku ayaOa K6KTy]jjLepovs, rJKLaTa 8*

virkp avT(ov dfivvecrOaL hvvajxivovf;; ovkovv eKeivoi Tracrt

TovTOi<i evo\oi Tvy)(dvov(TLi^ ovTeq. kol fx-qv ovSe 70.9 185

TToXeis XvirrjcroiJiev aTpaTL(OTa<s i^ avTojp KaraXeyovTes,

o vvv ev T(o TToXefjLO) r(o irpos dWijXov? o^rjpoTaTou

icrriv avra:?* ttoXv yap oip.ai cnraPLCoTepovs ecrecrOaL

Tov<s p-eveiv We\rj(TovTa<; tcHp crvpaKokovdeLV eTTidvpLy)-

croPTcop. T19 yap ovto)^ t] p€o<; 'q 7ra\ai6<s paOvfJLO?

ecTTiP, ocTTt? ov ixeTa(T)(€lp JBovXijcreTaL TavTrjs Trj<;

<TTpaTLd<^ T7]<; VTT *A6r)paL(op pLep koI AaKeSaLiMOpCcop

aTpaTr}yovix€py)<5, virep Se T179 tcop crvpîxd^cop iXevdepia's

d6poit,opi4p'q<;, vtto Se T17? 'EXXaSos aTrdarjs eKireixno-

ixepr]<;, inl he ttjp tow âp^dpoip npcopCap TTopevop.eP7)<s ;

(f)T]lxr)p Be /cat ppTJp,y]p Kal B6$ap ttocttjp TLpd xprj pop^C- 186

Cei,p 17 ^(t)PTa<s eêip 17 TeXevTujcraPTas KaToXeiêiP tov<;

ip TOL's TOLO'UTOL'i epyoL<s dpicTTeverOPTa<; ; ottov yap ol

TT/aos ÂXeâvhpop TToXeprjcraPTe'; koX p.iap ttoXlp eXoPTe^

roLOVT(t)P eTraipcop rjîutdiqcTap, ttolcop tlpcop )(^prj irpocr-

hoKOP iyKcopCojp revêcrOai Tov<i 0X779 Trj<; 'Acrta? Kparii)-

(TaPTas ; Tt? yap 17 tqjp iroielp Svpap,ep(op 17 tcop Xe-

yeip emcTTapipoiP ov TTOPiqcrei Kal (faXoaocjiTJcreL jSovXo-

p,ePO<; dpa T7J<; & avTOv Siavotas Kal tt^s eKetpajp dpeTrj<;

jxvrjpe'iop els dtrapTa top )(p6pop KaTaXnreXp ;

vii. iAinnoi.

§§ 81—104.

Kal p.ri 0avpd<Tr)<;, dnep eTreajeiXa Kal Trpo<; 8r

Alopvctvop TTJp TvpappCSa KTrjcrdpepop, eu prjTe <TTpa-

Ty]y6<; (^p piijTe prjToip prjT dXXcos Bvpd(TTr)<; upacrv-

Tepop croi StetXey/xât rcuv aXXcop. iyco yap irpo^ fiep

TO TToXiTeveaOai wdpTcop d(f)ve<TTaT0<; iyepoprjp tojp

7—2



lOO SELECTIONS.

ttoXltcjv, ovTe yap (^(oviqv ea-)(ov iKav-qv ovre Tokixav

SvvafJLevTjv o)(\q) -^rjcrdai /cat ixoKvi>£.cx9ai koX XotSo-

82 peiaOai tol<; iirl tov yST^/xaro? /caXtz^Sov/xeVot?, tov Se

(fipopelv ev Kol TteTraiêvcrOai /caXws, el KaC tls aypoi-

Korepov etvai ^-qaei to priOev, dix^LO"j^r^Toj, kol Oei'qv

dv ifxavTOP ovk iv rots aTToXeXetjit/xeVots aXX' iu rot?

'n-poe)(ov(Ti Tcop aXXcDU. Sioirep e7rtêt/3c3 avixôvkeveiv

TOV rpoTTov TovTov, ov iyco ire(f)VKa kol BvvajxaL, Koi

Trj TToXet Kat rot? aXXots ''EXX7ô"t /cat tcou dvSpcov rots

ei^Soôrctrots.

83 Ilept fxeu ovv tcju iixtou Kai (ov ctol vpaKTeov ecrrt

77/309 Tous ÊX\r)ua<i, (rêhop a/c/fKoa?, Trepl Se ttJs crrpa-

retas T179 eis tyjv AcrCap rat? juei/ TroXecni', as eîî'

"XprjuaC ere StaXXctrreti^, rore crvfiôvXevcroixeu, cJsXP''?

TToXeixelu TT/Dos Tovs l3apl3dpov<;, orav LSofiev auras

Oju.ot'oovcras, Trpos ere Se iût' TToti^cro/xat rovs Xoyovs,

ou ri}!^ avriyt' ej^cot' SiduoLav kol /car' eKeCurjv rrjv 'qXiKLav

84 or' eypa(j)ov irepl rrjv avrrju vrrodecTLv TavTi)v. Tore

p.kv yap vapeKeXevoixrjp rots aKovcroixevoiî KarayeXdv

[Jiov /cat KaTacjipovelv, tju [jltj Kal tcou irpayixdroiv Ka\

T7JaLV(oixaL Ste^tcJt', vw he

(jiojSovixai, fxrj rrdvTOiv tcov TrpoeiprjfJievcov ttoXv KaraSee'-

(TTepov rv^y 8taXe>i(^€tS' /cat yap TTyDos rots aXXots

o Xoyos o irap-qyvpLKos, 6 rous aXXovs rous Trept tt/v

(f)LXocro(f)Lav oiaTpiôvTa'i evnopcoTepov; 7rot?^cras, efxol

TToXXrjv a-nropiav 7rape(r)(7]KeV ovTe yap Tama ySouXo-

jLtat XeyeLV rots iv eKeivco yeypapîxevoL';, ovt ert Kaivd

85 Suj/a/xat ^T^ret^*. ou ixr^v dTTOcTTaTeov ecTTlv dXXd Xe/c-

Teov irepi (ov vrredepr^v, 6 tl dv viroirecrrj /cat (rvfx(l>epr}

npo'i TO TTCtcrat ere raOra Trpdrreiv. /cat yd/) 17^ iXXiirw



ISOKRA TBS. loi

Tt /cat [x-q hvmjdo) top avTov Tpoirov ypaxfjai rots Trpo-

repov e/cSeSo/iVvot?, ciXX' ovv vTroypaxpeLv y oT/xat

ya.piivTOi% rot? iêpydSêaOai koI SLavoi/elu hwa^xi-

POL<S.

Trjv fxev ovv oipxW "^^^ Xoyov tov crvixTravTos 86

OLfJiaL TreiroirjcrOai Tavrrju, yjunep TrpocrrfKei tov? cttI

rrjv Acriav ireiOovTa'; (TTpareveiv. Sei yap /at^Scv

irpoTepov TTpoTTeiv, irplv av Xcx^t? '^^'^ rov<i "ÊXXrjva?

Svolu Odrepov, rj (Tvvayoivitfip.€vov<i rj noWrjv evvoiav

e)(0Pra<; rol's TrparrojaeVots. cov 'Ayr^crtXao? d Sdâs

ett'at AaKeSaLjjLOPLCDV (j)povLixd)TaTO<; (oXLycopyjcrev, ov Slo,

KaKLav dXXd Stct (f)LXoTLjJLCau. carê yap Sirra? iiTLOv- 87

/Ltta?, /caXa? /xev dix(f)0T€pa<;, ov crviJi(f)(ovov(Ta<s S' dXXrj-

Xat9 ovo' d/x,a TrpdrrecrdaL Swafxeuas. npoypeLTo yap

/SacrtXet re noXeixelv Kai TOV<i eraipovs els xas 7rdXet5

ra? auTcG;/ Karayayetu koI Kvptovs vourjcraL tcov irpay-

ixdrcov. crvve/SaLvev ovv €K {lev ttjs Trpay/xaretag ttj?

vnep Tojv eratpcov iv KaKols Kal klvSvvols elvat roix;

"EXXrjvas, Std Serrfv Tapa)0Vi

Trjv

ivOdSe yiyvoiievqv[xrj aôX-^v dyetv (XTjê SvvacrOai TroXe/xeti/ rot? fiapjSd-

poLS. (^(TT Ik tojv dyvor]6evT(i)v /car' iKetPov tov ôvov 88

pdSiov KaTaixaOelv drt Set tovs 6p9a)s ôvXevofxevovs

p,rj TrpoTepov iK(f}epeLv npos fiacnXea iroXeyiov, irplv av

hLaXXd^riTLS Tovs F^XXy^vas Kal Travcrr) Trjs fxavCas Trjs

vvv avTols ivecTTOJcrrjs' anep /cat crol avix/ê/BovXev-

KOTes Tvy')(dvo[Ji€v.

Hepl fxev ovv tovtcov ouSet? dv dvTenreiv tojv ev 89

cfypovovvTcov ToXjjiijcreLev' oljxaL Se tcov [xev dXXcov ct

Ttcrt Sdête Trept Trjs crrpareta? T179 ets ttjv 'Kcrtav

crvyLôvXeveiv, iirl TavTiqv dv iTrnrearelv ttjv irapdKXrj-

criVy XeyovTaSy ct>s ocronrep lTT€\eipy)(Tav wpos tov



I02 SELECTIONS.

/SacrtXea TroXeixeiv, airacri crweTrecrev e£ dSo^wv fx^v

yevea-dat Xa/iTrpoi?, e/c TreirqTcov he vrXovcrtot?, e/c raTret-

90 i/c3i/ Se TToWrjf; x^P^'^ '^^^ TroXewv SecTTTorat?. eyw 8*

ovK e/c T&Jz/ roiovTdiV jxeWco ere vapaKaXelv, aXX ck

rwi' 'qTvvvKevaL SoâvTov, Xeyw S' e/c rwi' yxera Kvpou

Kal KXedpxov (TVCTTpaTevcraixivoiv. e/cetj'ov? yaya o^jlo-

Xoyetrat viKrjaai /xev />iaÔ)u.eVovs drracrav rrjv /SacrtXe'cas

SvpaixLV TocrovTov, ocrovirep dv el rat? yvvai^lv avrcou

(Tvveâkov, TjBrj 8' iyKpaTelq So/covvra? eli'at rtui/

TrpayfJidrcov 8ta T>)t' Kvôu irpoTrereiay dTV)(fj(TaL' ire-

pcvaprj yap avTov ovTa /cat Stco/coira ttoXv Trpo Twt'

aXXwv, ei' fxearoi^ yevojjievov toI<; TroXe/Atot? diroOaveXv.

91 dXX' o/AW? T7)\LKavTr)<; (rvix(f)opd<; crv/xTrecrovcrT^? ouro)

a(f)6hpa Karecfypovrjcrev 6 ySacrtXevg t-]79 77e/3t aiJroi^

Svvdfxecof;, wcrre* TrpoKa\e(rdixevo<i Kkeap)(ov /cat rovg

aXXov? riyeyi6va<^ eU \6yov eXOelv, /cat rovrot? ju,ei/

VTTtcr^vou/Ltevos /xeyaXa? Swpea? Scucreti^, rot? 8' aXXot?

(TTpaTi(orai<i evTekrj tov fiLaOov avroSovs diroTreixxpeLU,

rotaurat? ekTrtcnvvTrayayoixevo^;, /cat Trtcrret? 8ov5 raJv

e/cet voixilppLevoiV rd<s jaeytcrra?, crvWaficov avTov;

direKTeive, /cat ixdWov elkero irepl rou? êou? eâfxap-

relv 17 Tot? cTTparLcoTai^ ouroj? epriyioi<; oven avixâkeiv-

92 (oo-re Tt5 ai^ yevono TrapdKkrjcns TavTr]<; KaXXicou kol

TTicrrorepa;

âivovrai yap KaKeZvoi KpaTrjcravTeq dv

TOiV /3acrtXeaj? irpayiidrcov, el [Jirj 8ta KvpoV' crot Se

T171' r' dTV\iav rrfv rote yeyevr)ix€vr)v ov x^XeTTOv

<f)vXdâ(T6aL, TOV re crTparoTreSov rov KpaTrj(TavTo<; rrjv

eKeivov SvvajXiv pdZiov ttoXv Kpeirrov KaracTKevacraa-

6ai. KaiTOL TovTcov dfjLcfiOTepoiv VTTap^dvTOiV 770)9 ov xprj

dappelv TTOiovpievov rrjv crTpaTeiav ravTrjv;

93 Kat /X7y8et? viroXd^rj fxe ôvXeardai XaOelv ort



ISOKRA TBS. 103

TovT(ov ei/ta 7re(j)paKa tov avTov Tpoirov ounep Trporepou.

iTn(rTa<s yap iirl rag avrct? BLavoCas elX6[JLr}v ixrj rrovelv

'yXL)(0[xevo<; ret SeSrjXcjfjieva Ka\co<; eripo)^ elTreLV koI

yap el fxeu iiriS^L^LV iTTOLOvjxrjp, ineipoLtiirfV av airavTa

ra Totavra Staêvyetv, qol 8e crvfxôvXevoji' ixo)p6<s av 94

'qv, el Trepl tyjv \4îv Trkeio) ôvov hiirpiôv rj Trepl

ras 7rpdêL<i, ert S' el tovs aXXov^ opSv rot? ijxol^

)(pa)ixevov<; avros fxovo's arreiôix'qv tcov vtt ifiov irpo-

Tepov elpyjixeucov. to1<; fxeu ovv ot/cetots tvôv av XPV~

aaiixiqv, rjv irov (T(j>6Spa KaTeTreCyr) Kal irpeirrj, tcov S*

aXXorptoiv ovhev av irpocrSeâCjxrjv, uxnrep ouS' ev t<w

irapeXOovTL )(p6va).

TavTa jxev ovv ovtcos' So/cet Se fxou fxeToL Tavra 95

Trepl Trjs irapa(TKevYJ<i hiaXeKTeov elvai T179 re crol yevr)-

ao[xev'rj<5 /cat rrj? e/cetVot? VTrap^d<Tr)<s' to jxev roivvv

[xeytaTov, av fxev tov'^ "EXXi^z/as evvovg eêt?, iji/ irep

ideXT]crr)<; e^yiêZvai rot? Trepl tovtcdv elpr)fjLevoL<i, eKelvoi

Se Sta Td<^ 8e/cap^tas ra? cttI AaKeSaifxovCcov co<;

olov re hva-jxeveiTTdTov^- tjyovvTO yap Kvpov jjcev

Kal K.Xedp'ôv KaTop9(ocrdvT(t)v jxdX^ôv eTi hovXevcreiv,

/BacriXeojs Se KpaT'qcravTOS aTraXXayiqcrecrOai tojv KaKcov

TO)V TrapovTCDV' oTrep Kal crvveirecrev avTols. Kai [xrjv Kau 96

crTpaTL(6Ta<; av [xev i^ eToiiiov Xtjxjjei ToaovTov<i oaov<;

av (3ovXr]0fjq' ovTO) yap eêi ra ttJ<s 'EXXaSo?, wcrre

paovelvaL

avarrjaaiarpaTOTreôv /x,etôi^ Kal KpelxTov

eK TOiV TrXavcjfievcov 17 rcijv TroXiTevoixevcov iv eKeivoi^

Se rots -^p6voL<; ovk 171^ êviKov ovhiv, war avayKa-

ôfxevoL êvoXoyelv eK rcov iroXeuiv nXeov avrjXtaKov

eU T-a<; StSojaeVag Tol<i avXXiyovai hcoped<5 rj riqv et?

Tov<; crrpart&jra? fxiadoôpdv. Kal fi-qv el ôvXrjdelixev 97

eêrdaai Kal TrapaâXelv ae re tov vvv yjyqaoixevov



104 SELECTIONS.

Trj<^ (TTpareta? koI /BovXevaofJiepov nepX airavTOiv koX

Kk€ap)(ov Tovimo-TaTTjcravTa T(ov Tore irpayixaTcov,

evpTj(TOjJi€v eKeiuov fJLev ovSe/xta? ncoTroTe hwdixecos npo-

repov ovT€ vavTiKrj<; ovre 7r€^TJ<; KaraarduTa Kvpiov

ctXX' e'/c Trj<; arv;)(ta9 7179 crv[xj3aarr]<; aurw Trepl ttjv

08 rjireipov ovojxaarTov yevoixeuov, ere 8e Tocravra /cat

rrfkiKavTa to fJL€ye9o<; SiaireTrpayfxevov, nepl d)u el fjiku

77/309 iTepov<i TOV \6yov eTTOLOVfir^v, /caXoJ? av elê

SteXêtv, 7r/3os ere Se StaXeyo/xevo?, et ret? aa? 7rpd^€L<s

aoL hieîolr]v, St/catojs ai' dvor^To^ djxa kol Trepiepyo^

etvai SoKOLTjv.

gg "Kîov 8e fjLvr)a6rjvaL /cat tcjv /Saa-cXecov diJL(f)OT€-

pcov, i(f) ov crot re avfJijSovXevo) arpareveiv /cat tt/oo?

oV KXeapô? iTroXefxrjcrev, lv eKarepov rrjv yvcoixrju

/cat T'^v SvvajXLV etSi^?. d fxev toivvv tovtov Trarrjp

rrjv ttoXlv rrju rj[xeTepav /cat TrdXiv ttju AaKeSaiixopCcov

KaTeTToXeixiqcrev, ovto<^ S* ovêvo^ TTcoTTore ToJv crrpaTev-

jxdTOJU T(ov TTjV ^cuyottt' avTov Xvpiaivop.4voiv eVe/cpa-

100 Tiqcrev. eireid' 6 [xev rrjV Kcriav arracrap Trapd tcov

'EXXtjvwv iv rat? (Tvv6rjKai<; iêXajSep, ovtos Be rocrov-

Tov Set rcov dXXojp dp')(eLV, ojctt ovBe tcov eKSoOeLO'cop

avT^ TToXecop iyKpaTTJ<^ ecrriv. cjctt ovSet? ocrrts ovk

ap aTropT] Crete, norepa y^prj voixit,eip tovtop avTCjp

dfjiecrTdpaL ol dvavBpiav rj eKetva^ VTrepewpaKepdi /cat

KaTa7re(f>poP'r)KepaL Trjq âpâpiKrj<i BwacTreiafi.

101 To. TOLPVP nepl rrjp -^cupav cJ? Stct/cetrat, rt? ovk

ap dKovcra<; irapo^vpOeLrj rroXejxelp 77/305 ai;roi^ ; Atyvir-

To<; yap a<êicrT7)Kei fjLev /cat Kar eKeXvop top ôpop,

ov {XTfjp aXX e(f)ofiovpTo fxrj iroTe ySacrtXeu? auro?

TTOLiqa-djxepof; (TTpaTetav KpaT-qcreie /cat Trj<; Sta top tto-

Tafxop Bvoôpias Kal Trj<; dXXrjq rrapacTKevrj^ dTrdar]^'



ISOKRATES.

vvv 8' ovro<i (XTryjWaêv avrovs tov Seov? tovtov. (tv^l-

7rapa<TKeva(rd[Jievo<; yap hvuaixuv oarjp ol6<s r rju ttXcl-

(TTyjv, Kol cTTjoareucra? in auroug, aTrrjXOev iKeldeu ov

fiovov 'qTTr]9eC<s, dkXa kol KaTayeXcta-deis Koi Soâg

cure âonXeveiv ovre <jTpaTy]y^v aftog eivai' rd roivvv 102

irepX K.v7rpov /cat ôvplktjv kol KcXcKLav Kai tov tottov

eKeivov, o9€v..-U)^fiw^Te' vavTLKO), tote fiev 'qp jSacn-

Xeox;, vvv Be rd fiev d(f)e(TTr]Ke, rd 8' iv TroXefMOJ Koi

KaK0t5 Tocrovrots icTTlv (octt iKeCvco fiev pnqBev eTvcLL

TOVTcav T(ov i9vit)v '^Tjcrip.ov, arol 8', -qv TroXefjLeiy Trpos

avTov ôvXr)6rj^, avficfyopcos i$€Lv. /cat [xev 'l8^tea ye 103

TOV evTTopxoraTov rcov vvv irepX rrjv rjireupov TrpocnJKec

Bvo-fievecTTepov etvat rot? ySacrtXews TrpdyixacTL rdv

TToXe[KOvvT(jiv' 17 TrdvTCJv y av etr) oêrXtwraro?, et fiyj

jSovXoiTO KaToXeXvadai ravTTjv ttjv dp')(7]v, ttjv ai/ct-

aaiJievr]v [xev tov dBeX(f)6v, iroXeiJLijcracrav 8e Trpos avrov,

diravTa 8e tov ôvov eTn/SovXevovorav /cat fiovXofxevrjv

TOV re crcJjLtaTO? avrov Kal to)v ^(prjixdTcov diravTOiv

yevecrdau Kvptav- virep ayv 8e8tajs vvv jxev dvayKaêraL104

depaTveveiv avTov /cat ^piqixara troXXa Kaff eKacrrov

TOV eviavTov dvaTreixTreiV et 8e av Bia/BaLTjs els ttjv

Tjireipov, iKelvos t av dcrfjievos t8ot ôrÔoy TjKeLV aurw

ere vop.L^cov, Tutv t aXXcov craTpanajv iroXXov^ dno-

(TTyjcreLS, "^v vnocrxQ tW iXevOepiav avTols, /cat Tovvoixa

TovTO hiaa-TTeipris ets ttjv 'Acriav, oirep ets Tov}v i^fxeTepav /cat rrjv AaKeBaiixovicov

°'PXV^ KaTeXvcrev.



io6 SELECTIONS.

VIII. nAATAIKOI.

§§ 56-63.

56 'Tnep wv aTTavra<i v[x6i<i iKerevoixev dTTohovuai Trjv

^(opav rjiJuv koI ttjv ttoXlv, tous ftei' 7rpecrf3vT4pov<; vtto-

IJiL[xvrj(TKOVTe<; cug oiKTpou tov<s T7)\lkovtovs opacrdai

BvcrTvôvvTas kol tojv Kaff i^fxepav diropovvTa^, tov^ Se

v€0)Tepov<; aivTLô\ovvTe<; kol BeojxevoL ^SoT^^gcrat rot?

TyXtfctojTat? Kal [xt] irepuheiv ert Trketoi Ka/ca to>v elpr)-

57 fiiviov 7rad6vTa<;. o<êtXere Se [xovol tcov 'EW-qucav tov-

Tov Tov epavov, dva(TTdTOL<; tjixiv yevoixivoi^ CTra/xwac.

/cat ya/) rovs rjfxeTepov^ 7rpoy6vov<s âcriv, eKkiirovroiv

rdv vjx€Tepo)u irarepajv iu tw UepcTiKco woXefxa) ravrqv

T'qv -^(jjpav, jxovovs twv eô) TleKoTTowTjcrov kolvcovov?

eKeCvoL^ roji/ klv^vucou yevoixevov<^ avvcxOacroicrai tt^v tto-

Xlv avTotS" cjcrre Stfcatoj? dv Trjv avrrjv evepyecnav arro-

Xdôiixev rjvTTcp avToi rvy^dvofjiev eU vfxd<; virdpâv-

58 xe?. et 8' ovv koX p/qêv vpiv rcov cro)p.dT(ov tojv iqixere-

pcDV SeSo/crat (f)pouTLl,eLV, dWd rrjv ye -^copav ov irpo^

vjxojv icrrlv dvi)(eg;dg.i TreTTopOiqpiv'qv, iufj

piyLcrra

crr]iJi€La Trj<s dpeTrj<g rrj? v/xereyoa? kol tcju aXXcut' tcou

59 (TvvayoiVKjaixivoiv KaraXetTreraf to. pev yap aXXa rpo-

TTttta TToXet Trpo? ttoXlv yeyovev, iKelva 8' vrrep diTdar]'?

Trj<5 'EXXotSos TTyoo? oXrjv ttjv ck T7]<; 'Acrtas ^vvapiv

ecTTr^Kev. a %rjâloi pkv et/coro)? difia.mIpv(rL (ra yap

pvrjpela Toiv Tore yevopivcav alcr)(yvq tovto i<5 icrTiv),

vplv 8e 7rpoo"^Kei Stacrajêti^* i^ eKetvoiv yap tojv epycou

60 rjy6p6ve<i KaTecrTTjTe tcov 'EXXijvcov. d^LOv he Kal toJu

Oea)v Kal tojv r)pu)Oiv pvr](T6rjvaL tcov eKelvov tov tottov

KaTcôvTcov, Kai pyj Trepiopdv ra? rtjaas avToiv KaraXvo-

fxeva<;, ots Vjaets KaXXieprjcrdpevoL tolovtov VTrecTTrjTe



TSOKRA TES. 107

KVudwOV, OS Kol TOVTOV<S Kol Tovs ttXXovs diTavTa^ "EXXt^-

vas rikevOipoiCTCv. XP^ ^^ '^'^^ "^^^ irpoyovoiv iroLrj-

aacrOaC TLva irpovoiav, koX fJiT) Trapapêkyj^î p^rjhe tt;s

nepl iK€Lvov<s evcreySeia?, ot rroj<s av ^lareOelev, et rts apa 61

fo*r'^^ (f)p6vr]crL<s icxTi irepX rwv ivOdhe yvyvoixivwvy el

KvpCcDV vfiSv 6vT0)V ai<T6oivTO TOVS fxev hovXeveiv rots

fiap^dpoLS d^L(6cravTa<; SecrTToras tcop dWoiv KadiaTa-

fjL€vovs, TyjLtas Se tous VTrep ri^s iXevOepCas avvayo)VL-

cra/xeVovs ftoVou? rwi^ EXXtî'wi' dt'ttcrrarovs yeyevqixi-

vovs, KOL Tov<s IJL€V T(ov crvyKLvBvvevadvTCDV Tdcf)ov<;p,yf

Tvy)(duovTa<; rtuv po[11^,0[xevcov (nrdvei tcop inoLcrovTcov,

©lyySatov? 8e tovs rdvavTia TrapaTaâfjLevov<; KpaTovvras

Trjs ^(opas eKeLvrj^ ; ivOvfieta-ffe o otl AaKeSatixovLcov 62

fieyia-Trju eTTOielcrOe KaTr^yopiav, ort SrjfiaCoLs ^âptô/xe-^^'*'^

VOL rots TCoi' 'EXXt^w^' TrpoSorats TîJ-ds rovs evepyeTa<;

SL€(f)0eipav. jx'q rolvvv edcnqTe rauras ras fiXa(r(f)7][XLa<s

vepl Trjv vjjLeTepav yevicrdai rroXiv, jjirjSe rrjv vjSpLv ttjv

TovTOiV dvTi Ty]<i Trapovcrrj'g eXr]or6e So^t^s.

lloAA&j^' o evovTov enreiv eg ojv av rts vûtas ctt- 63

aydyoLTO {jloXXov <f)povTLcraL tt^s iQjJLeTepa<s (T(OTr]p[as, ov

SvvafJLaL vdvTa jrepiXciêlv, ctXX' avTovs ^piq koX ra napa-

XeXeLixfieva (rvvîBovTa'; /cat ixviqcrOivTa^ fidXicrra fxev toiv

dpKcov KOL Tijiv (TVvOr]KoiV, eTTeiTO. 8e KoX T77S Ty/xere/aas

evvoCas Koi ttJs tovtcov e^^pas, i/zT^^tcracrât ra St/cata

Trepl rjjxcov.

IX. nEPI EIPHNHI.

§§ 121— 131.

Hi' ivOvixov/xevovs )(prj jxrj TTpocreêLV tov vovv rots 121

iv TM irapovTL jxev âptô/xeVots, tov Se ixeXXovTo<; xpo-

vov fi-qSefxCav eTnyieXeiav woLOVfJievoLS, [X'qSe rots (fttXelv



io8 SELECTIONS.

fxeu TOP Srjixov (fxicTKovcrLV, oXrjv Be ttjv ttoXlv XvjxaLvo-

fjLeuoL<;' o5s KOi Trporepov, eTvetSi) irapekaôv ot roiovroi

TTju CTTt rov /StjfJLaTO's ovva(TT€iav, et? Tocravnqv avoiav

Trporjyayov rrju ttoXlv, cocrre iradeiv avrrju oldirep oXiyco

122 Trporepov vjjlIu hLyjyrjcrdiMrju. a /cat ttolvtcov ixolXlctt dv

Tt9 6avixd(T€t,€u, OTL TTpoêipitêcrde Syjixayoyyoif^ ov tov^

ry)v avTYjv yuaj}xr]v eôvTa<i rot? jjLeydXrjv rrjv ttoXlv

ITo IT) cracriv, aXXa rov^ o/xota /cat Xeyovras /cat irpdr-

TouTa<; Tot? aiToXdcracnv avTiju, /cat ravr etSore? ov

fxovov iu rw TTOiTjcrai ttjv ttoXlu evSaufiova tov^ ')(py)(TTov<s

123 Tcou TTOVTjpoJv OLa(f)€povTa^, dXXd KOL rrfv hyîxoKpariav

,€7rt ixev iKELvcov iu noXXols ereuiv ovre KLvrjOelcrav ovre

peTacTToicrav, cttI Se tovtcjp iv oXCyco ôvoi 8t9 rjBnq

KaraXvOeLcrav, /cat ra? (f)vyd<; rag iirl rwv Tvpdvvcov /cat

Tctg inl Ta)V TpidKovTa yevajxeva'; ov Stct tov^ a'VKO(f)duTa<s

KaTeXdovcraq, dXXd Stct tov^ fXKTovvTas tov<s tolovtov<:

/cat jxey^cTTrjv irr dperrj Soâv eôvraî.

124 'AXX OjU-w? rrjXiKovToyv rjjjuv vTrofJLvrjjxdTcov KaraXe-

Xeiixp.ev(i)v cosiff)*

eKarepcov avTcou ij TroXt? errpaTTeu,

ovTO) -âLpojxev rats twp pyropcov troviqpLai';, oicff opdv-

re? Stct Tov TToXejxov koI rag rapaâg, ag ovtol TreTTOvq-

/cacrt, Tcov ixev dXXcov ttoXltcov ttoXXovs e/c T(ov iraTpcooiv

e/CTreTTTw/corag, rovTov<; S' e/c TrevrjTOiv rrXovartovi yeyevq-

/xeVovg, ou/c dyavaKTovyêv ovSe (f)0oi'ovfjiev ratg einrpa-

125 ytatg aurojt^, ctW VTTOjxivoiiev rrjv fieu ttoXlv Sta/3oXa?

6)(ovcrav oJg Xv/xatjêrat /cat Sacr/xoXoyet rovg ÊXXi^vag,

Tourovg Se rag CTTt/ca^TTtag Xaix^dvovTa<;, Koi rov hrjixov,

ov (f)a(rLV OVTOL Belv tcuv dXXcov dpêw, -êlpov irpdr-

Tovra rdv ratg dXtyap^tatg SovXevo^'ra)^', otg S' ouSei'

VTTr\py€.v dyadov, tovtovs Se Stct rT^t* dvoLav rrjv rjp.e~

126 Tepav e/c raTretvaji^ evSatju.oi'ag yeyevrjixevov^. /catVot



ISOKRA TES. 109

nepi/cXyJs o Tcpo twv TOiovTaw BrjfjLay(t)y6<; KaTaa-rd^,

vapa\al3a>p ttju ttoXlv -êlpov [jlcu (fipouovcrap rj TrpXv

Karacryêiv Trjv dpû, en 8' dveKTOi^ TrokiTevopLevqv, ovk

iirX Tov lSlou '^prjixaTLCTfJioP ajpfirjaev, dXXd top p,ev oIkou

iXdtTQ) TOP avTov KareXiTrep t] vapa tov jraxyoos irapi-

Xafiep, eU Be ttjp dKpoTToXip dp-qyayep o/crafctcr^tXta

rdXaPTa ')(0}pl<; tcup lepcop. ovtol he Tocrovrop eKecpov 127

SLein)p6)(â,crLP, (ocTTe XeyeiP fxep toXixcjctlp cJ? otd ttjp tcop

KOLPojp inifxeXeiap ov Bvpaprai rot? avTOJp tStots Trpocre-

XeLP TOP povp, (fyaCpeTau Se ret jxep dju,eXov/xei/a Toa-civTiqv

eLArjcpoTa ttjp eTTLOocTLP oa-rjp ovo ap evqa.(Tuai TOL<i veoi^

TrpoTepov rjî(d(Tap, to Se 77X17^0? t]jjlojp, ov KrjSecrOaC

<f)acrLP, ovTO) hLaKeLjxepop c^cTTe fxrjSepa tcop ttoXltcjp

TJSeoJS (jjp firjhe padviJi(o<5, ctXX' oSvpjJLCop [xeaTrjp eTpai

TTJP TToXip. ol jxep yap to.^ TrepCa^; /cat ret? epSeCa^ dpay- 128

KatpPTai Ste^teVat /cat Op'qpelp 7rp6<i cr(f)d<s aurov?, ol he

TO 7rXrjOo<i TCOP TrpocrTayfidTWP /cat tcop XeuTovpyicop /cat

TO. /cttKCt TO. irepl Taq o'viJLfjLopia<; /cat ret? avrtSocrets' d

Totavras ijJiTTOLel XuTra?, wcrr' aXytop t,rjp tovs ras oucria?

KeKTiqixepov^; rj Tovq crvi/e)(a>s Trepo(xepov<s.

©av/xct^w 8' et {jltj hvpaade avpihe^p ort yepo^ ovhep 129

ecrrt KaKOPOvaTepop tw TrXijOeL irop'qpcop prjropcop Kai

hrjjxayoycop' tt/oos 'ydy9 rot? dXXots KaKOts /cat rcSi' /card

Tfjp T^fxepap eKaa-TrjP dpayKatoiP ovtol )u,dXtcrra )Sov-

Xovrat cnraPLêLP v/xd^, opcoPTe's TOV<i fxep Ik T(op IhCcop

hvpafxepov<; Ta cr(f)efep' avTcop 8tot/ceti/ ttJs ttoXcws oi^ras

Kat TCOP Ta êXTLCTTa XeyopTcop, tov^s 8' dno tcop St- 130

KacTTrjpLcop [,(0PTa<s /cat tc3i^ IkkXtjcticop /cat rcut' ePTevdep

XînjiiJ.dTQiP vcf) avTot? Std ttî' e^'Seta^' 7]payKacTp.epov<i

etpat, /cat ttoXXî'X^P''^

eôiâs rats etfrayyeXtats /cat

rats ypa<f)als /cat rats dXXats (rvKoâ^rtats rats St'



no SELECTIONS,

131 ckVTOiV yLyuofi€vaL<;. iu ovv rat? ctTroptats eV ats avrot

ovvafTTevovcriVy iu raurat? T^Stcrr' au lSol€v aTravra?

oi^ras Tov<; TToXira?. reKfjiyptov Se jxeyLOTOP' ov yap

TOVTO (TKOTTOVCTLV, i^ OV TpOTTOV TOt? ScO/xeVotS yStOl'

iKiropiovcTiv, aXk' ottws roug^X^**^

^^ ô'ô'î'Tas rot?

d-rropoLS i^ca-coaovcriv.

X. APXIAAMOI.

§§ 52-57-

52 Hv iv6vjJiovix€VOv<; -^prj fxrj TTjOOTrercus v/xas avTov<;

ifxâkelu ets atcr^^d? 6/xoXoyL,a<;, jxrjSe paOvfioTepop

virep Trj<s 7rarpioo<i tj tcov dWoiV âv-qvaL fiovXevo-

{xefov?. avaixvTjcrOiqTe Se irpo? v//,as aurov? ort roi'

TTapeXOovTa ôvov, el TToXiopKovixeuy tlvI rdv woXeoiu

raju (TvjJifjia^LSojv et? /xoiô? AaKeSaLfxovCoiv ôrjOrja-eiev,

VTTO TTOiVTOiv dv cujxoXoyeLTO TTapd TOVTov yevicrOai T-qv

acoTrjpiav avrot?. /cat tov<? fxeu TrXetcrrovs tcop tolovtcou

dvSpcou irapd rcav Trpecr/BvTepoyv dv rt? dKovcreiev, Toy's

53 o ovofxacrrordrovî e^w /cctyw SteXêti^. IleSaptTO? /Ltei^

yap €t9 Xtot' etcTTiXevcra? ttJi' TroXtt' avT(ov SUcroJcre-

Bpacrtoa? S' et? 'A/x^tTToXti^ elcreXdcov, oXiyovs nepl

avTov Tojv TToXiopKovyievoiv (TvvTa^d[ievo<;, ttoXXov<s 6v-

rag tou? TToXiopKovvTa<i iviKrjcre jaaxo/xevog* FuXtTTTTos

oe SvpaKoa-LOL<; ôyjOija-aq ov [jlovov iKeivov<s SteVo;-

O'et' aXXa /cat r-)}!^ hvvaynv Trjv Kparovcrav avrwi-' /cat

Kara yTî^ /cat Kara ddXarrav diracrav al)(ixdXo)Tov eXa-

54 fiev. KaiToi TTctJS ovK alaxpov Tore fiev eKacrrov

Tjixcov iKavov eiuai ras ctXXor/Dta? TToXets Sta^vXctrretz/,

vvt'l 8e TrdvTa<; [xrjSe TreipdaOai Trjv TjfJLeTepau avTcû

otacrcuêtv ; Kat rrju fieu ^vpcoTrrjv koX rr^v 'Acrtat'

fJLeoTTrjv TreTTOLrjKevaL Tponaioiv virep tcov dXXo)v ttoXc-



ISOKRATES. Ill

ftowTtt?, vTikp Se T179 TTarptSo? ouro) <l>avep6}<^ v^pitfi-

fji.€vr)<; [xrjSe ^xtav yÔ'X^v dîav \6yov âiveaOai /xe/xa-

^17/xeVous; aXX.' iTepa<; p.ev TToXet? uttc/) tt;? T^/^terepa? 55

dp)(rj'? ra? icr)(dTa<; viroyieivai TToXiOjOKia?, aurovs o'

T/jLta? V7re/) rou [xrjSev dvayKaaOrjvai Trapd to oiKaiov

TTOielv fJLTjSe jXLKpdv OLeadaL heLv vweveyKelp KaKOTrd-

oeiav, aWa Qevyrj p.ev nnroiv aor](payovvT(t)v ert /cat

vvv opdcrOai Tpi(ôvTa<;, ojcnrep Se tov<s els toLs Setvora-

rag dvdyKa<; d^vyiiivov; koI tcov Ka6* T^fxepav eiôeet?

ofra?, ovrco TroieZcrOaL rrju elprjvrjv.

*0 8e TrdvTOiv o^firXtwrarov, et <î\o7rov(oraTOL ho- 56

KovvTes elvat TOiV 'EXkijvojv paOvfiorepov rtov aXkcou

ôvXevcrofieda Trepl tovtcov. Tiva<; yap Lafxev, cov

/cat TTOLijcracrOaL fJLveCav d^Lov eamv, otrtves aira^

T^TTr]6evTe<; koI jitta? €lo-/3o\r]<; yevop.evr]<i ovtco<; aiâv-

Spcos <oixoX6yr]crav TrdvTa ra Trpo&TazTOjêva TTOLTjcreLV;

TTws S' dv ol ToiovToi TToXvv y^povov Sv(rTV)(ovvT€<; av-

TapKeaeiav', rts 8' ovk dv eTTiTux-rjcreiev rjpXv, el Mecr- 57

criqvtoiv virep rauri^? tt^s ^cupa? eiKocriv eTiq noXiop-

K7)devT(ov 'tjixel's ovtco Taxe(t)<; Kara avvOrjKa^ avTrjs

dTTOcTTai'qp.ev koX jxyjhe tojv Trpoyopcou iJijn)cr6eLr]fJLep, dXX*

rjv eKelvoL jaera ttoXXcou ttovcov koI klvSvvcdv eKTiq-

cravTo, ravTqv rjixeZ'^ vtto Xoyoiv ireiadevTe'S dnoâ-

XoLixev

XL APEOnAriTIKOI.

§§ 36-55.

"icTQx; dv ovv Tt? eTTm^crete rot? elpr}ixevoL<;, otl 36

Ttt? fiev 7r/)a£et9 eVatvw rag iv eKetvoi<; rot? ^P^^^^'^

yeyev7]p.evas, ras 8' atrta? ou <ppdô), 8t* a? outoj /caXw?

/cat TO, ir/30S o"<â9 avrou? et;j(Oi/ /cat ttjv ttoXiv dicoKovv.



112 SELECTIONS.

iyd) S' oT/iat fxep elpr^Kevai tl koI tolovtov, ov jx-rfv a\\*

ert TrXeCcj koL aaîcrrepov Treipaaopâi hiakeÔrjvai nepl

avT(ov.

37 'EKeluoL yap ovk iv fxlv tcu<^ TratSetat? ttoXXov?

Tov^ iiTLcrTaTovvTa^ c^X°^» cTretSi} o' et9 avSpa<; So/ct-

fiacrOeLev, i^yjv avrots Troteti' o Tt ôvkrjOelev, ctW

o' avrat? rat? d/c/xat? v\eovo<^ CTn/êXetag irvy^cwov

7) TratSe? o^'xes- ourco yap t^jxcov ol irpoyovoi crcfioSpa

irepX rrjv (TOi(f>po(Tvvy]v ecnrovhatpv, ojcrTe tyjv i^ 'ApeCov

TToiyov j3ov\7]v iirecrTr)(rav eTTiyLekeiaOai Trj<; evKoaixia^,

t)s ov^ otov r' r^v [jLeTacrêlu TrXrju rot? /caXcSs yeyovocrt

KOL TToXk'^v dpeTr)v ev tco /Slo) kol cr(0(f>pocrvin)P ipBe-

heLyiJievoL<;, oicrr etKoxios avrrjv OLeueyKelv tojv iv rot?

38 "EXXt^ctj, crvveSpLcov. (Tr}ixeLOL<s S' ap rt? ^pijcraiTO Trepl

rwv TOTe KaOecTTcoTcov /cat roi? iu tw irapovTi yiyvop.e-

voLs' ert ya,p /cat vui^ aTrdvTOiv tcou nepl rriv alpecnv

KoX Trjv SoKLjJLacriav KaTrjfxekrjixevaiv ISoLfxev du tov^

iu rot? aXXot? Trpdyixacnv ovk aveKTovs ovTa<s, cTretSai/

ei? Apeiop ndyov ava^cocTLV, o/cjôvs'-xa? Tjj ^vcrei

Xprjcrdai Kat jxaWou rots cKet voixiixoi'; rj rat? avrajj/

KaKtats iyLfxivovTa^, toctovto ôôv i.Keivoi rot? ttovt)-

yoots eveipydcravTO koX tolovtov jJLVTjjxeiov iv T(p totto)

r^9 avrctjt' apeTrj'^ Kat cr(o(f)po(Tvi'r]<s iyKaTekiTTOV'

39 TtJv St} TOLavTTjv, ojo-irep elirou, Kvpiav iTToi-qcrav

Trj<; evragta? eTTtjU.eXeto'ât, 17 rovs jitei' olofievovs iv-

Tavda /3eXTCaTov<s duSpa^ ylyvecrdai, irap otg ot vofioL

fxETa TrXetcrriy? aKpijBeia^ Keijxeuoi Tvy^dvovcriv, dyvoeZv

ivofJLLêV ovSeu yap dv KcoXveuv d/xotous aTravra? eiiât

T0v<; FiXX'r]va<; eveKd ye tov pdhiov eluaL ra ypdyLfxaTa

40 XapeLV Trap aXXrjXoiV' dXXd yap ovk iK tovtcov tiqv

iTTihocriv eivaL t^<; dp€Trj<; aXX' e/c t<û Ka6' eKdcxT-qv



^.d*

ISOKRATES. 113

Tr^v Tjîpav iTTLTrjSevixdTaw' tov? yap ttoXXov? o/xoiov?

Tot5 rjtfecnv aTropaiveiv, ev ot? ai^ eKaorToi naLoevacjcnU'

iirel rd ye 7rXrj6rj /cat rag OLKpiêia^ rdv vofjLOJu

crrjixelov eivai rov /caKw? oiKeZcrOai ttjv ttoKlv TavT7)v'

ilJL(f)pdyiJLaTa yap avrov? TroiovyLevovî tcov dixapTrjfxd-

Tcov TToXXov? rWecrOai Tovq vo/jlov; duayKdêcrdaL. Seri'4r

Se Tov<; 6p0co<s TToXtreuo/xeVov? ov ra? (rTod<; ip.Trnrkdvai

ypafx^dTOiv, aXX' iv rats \pv)(cu<s e-)(eiv to SiKaioV ov

yap rots ^(j)L(rixacnv dXXa rot? rjdecn /caXw? OLKelardaL

Ttt? TToXet?, Kttt rovg /w-ev /ca/coJ? TeOpa/xfJieuovg Kal

Tovs a/c/atySoIg roJv vofxoiv avayeypa/x/AeVov? ToXfiTJcreiP

Trapajâiveiv, tov<s Se /caXw? TreTratSeu/xeVovs Kat rot?

aTrXw? Keiixevoi<; eOekiqcreLV ififxeueiv.

TavraStavorj-

^2OePTe^ ov TovTo irpojTov ecTKOTTovv, 8t' wi/ KoXctcrovo't

TOV5 dKO(TixovvTa<;, aXX' e^" wi' irapacrKevdcrovcTL ixr)Bev

avTov? aîov ^Ty/xtag iâixaprdueLu' rjyovvTO yap tovto

fiev avT(ov epyou elvai, to Se Tre/al Ta? ruioipia^ cnrov

hdtêiv ToX<i €)(dpol'; TrpocTrfKeiv.

'AirdvTOiv fxku ovv i(f)p6vTLôp tcjv TToXiToiv, [xdXLcrTa 43

Se T(t)v veoiTepoiv. e(Ojpo)v yap tov<s tyjXlkovtovs ra-

pa^(oS^CPF€tra Sta/cetju-eVovs Kat TrXeicrTOiv yefiopras eiri-

ffvfiLcop, Kal Tag t/;vâs avToiv /xctXtcrTa hapiacrdrjvai

Seo/xeWs iTnp,ekeLaiq KaXojv iinTr)êv^dT(DV /cat ttoiôi?

iJSoms €)(ovaLP' iu jxopol^ y^P ^^ TouTot? e/x/xeti/at

T0V9 iXev0€po}<; Te^pa/x/xeVov9 Kat yieyaXo<^poveiv el0L(T- cT,

/xeVous. diravTa<; fxev ovv irn Tag avrag ayetf StaT/Dt/3a9 44 Â^

ov)( otoi' T 'iî', du(ofJidXo)<; rd nepl top JBiop ejôvTas" »/y*S'

ctJS oe Trpos Tryv ovcnap rjpixoTTep, ovt(o<; CKacrTOt? irpocr- \r\^

iraTTOP. Tovs /u-ev ya/3 vTToBeeorTepop TrpdTT0PTa<s inl

Tcts y€(opyCa<; Kal Tag e/xTTO/Dtag eTpenop, etSoteg

Tag aTTopiag /xei^ Sta Tag dpyCa<; ytyi'o/xeVag, Tag Se

J.8



114 .SELECTIONS. y,

45 Ka/covpytas ota ra? aTropia<; avaipovvTe^ ovv rrjv

ap\rjv TOiV KaKcop aTraWdqeiv coovro /cat tcjv aXXcoi>

dp.ap7rjixdT(x)V rcov /xer eKeivrjv yLyvojxivwv. tov<^ Se /3ioi>

LKavov KeKTrjixeuovi irepi rr]v LTnrLKrjp Kai to, yvixvdcria

KoX rd Kvvriyecna /cat ttjv (j)L\oao<f)Lav rjpdyKacrcLV 3ta-

rpiêiv, 6pcovre<; iK tovtoju tov^^ pAv Siai(j)€poPT^<5' yiy-

vopevovs, TOV'^ oe tcov TrXeLcrrcov KaKcav aTre^ôpevov^.

46 /cat ravra vopoOeTTJcravTes ovde top Xolttop -ôvov a.

(xikiyoipovv, dXkd '^lekopLSoX^jr^v pev ttoXiv Kara K(opd<;,

T~qv 8e yojpav Kara Sijilov; ' iOecopovv rou jBiov rov

eKdcrrov, /cat rov? dKOcrpovvra<; dvrjyov et? rrjv fiovXijy.

7] be rov<; pev evovuerei roL^ o rjireikei, rov^ o oi?

rrpocrrjKev, iK6Xat,ev. rjiriaravro ydp on o-uo rpoiroi

Tvy\dvov(Tiv ovre<; ot /cat nporpiirovre'? iirl ret? dSt/cta?

47 /cat 7Tavopre<^ rOtv Trovrjptcov' rrap ots pkv ydp pijre

cbvXaKr) prjêpla rajf rotovrajz^ KaOecrrrjKe p^jO" at

Kpicrei'^ aKpi/Sel^ etcrt, irapd rovroL<; pev hia(^6eipe(T0ai

/cat Ta§ evriet/cet? rolv (f)VG'£oji-', ottov oe pijre XaOeiv

rol^ dSiKovcTL paSiOP icrn pijre (âvepoi<^ yevopivoi^

(Tvyyvcop'qq rv)(^£lp, evravOa S' i^LTtjXov^ yiyveaOai ra?

KaKor]6eia<^. dnep eKelvoi yiyvwcTKovre^ dp(f)orepoi'^ /car-

etôf T0U5 TToXtra?, Kat ratg rt/xwptat? /cat ratg eirtpc-

Xetat?' TOcrovTou ya/3 eSeoi' aOrovg XavOdveiv ol KaKov

TL SeSpaK«re9, wcrre /cat roug cTTtSoôi;? dpapriqareadai

48 Tt rrpoTjcrddvovro. roiyapovv ovk ev rol^ (jKipa(êioi^ ol

veoirepoi hiirpiôv, ouS' iv rat? avXrjrpicTiv, ovS' tV

rot? Totourot? cruXXoyot^ et* oig z^yj^ SfQpepevovcTLV, qXX'

ev To1<i iirirrjSevpacTLV epevov iv ol<; ird^^^jîjap, 6av-

pdôvre^ /cat ^rjXovvreq rov<i eV roTjroL<; Tryowrevoi/ra?.

ovrct) 8' ecjievyov rrjV dyopdv, cocrr' et Kat Trore OLeXOely

dvayKacrdclev, perd rroXXrjf; atSou? /cat aax^pocrvvyji



ISOKRA TBS.1

1

i(f)aivovTO TovTO TTOLOvuTe'^' avTeiTTelv ok roi? TTpea- 49

fivT€poL<; 17 XoihoprjcracrOcx.i SeuvoTepou iuoixtiôu rj vvv

TTcpl Tov<s yoveaq eâiiapreiv. iu KaTTrjXeLO) oe (fiayelp

'q TTieiv ovSet? ovS' av OLKeTr]^ iTTieiKr^^ iroXfxrjcreu'

aejjLvvpecrOaL yap ifjieXeTcou aXX. ov /3(oixo\oêveo-6aL.

Koi Tov^ evrpcnreXov? 8e koI tov'^ (XKwiTTeiv owa/xeVov?,

ov? vvv euûets Trpocayopevovcnv, eKelvoL Sucrrvêi?

eVo/xtôv.

Kal /xT^Set? olecrdco fxe Svcr/coXw? oiaKelcrOaL irpos 50

Tovs TavTTjv e)(0VTa<s ttjv rfkiKiav. ovre yap rfyovpâi

TovTovs alrCov; elvai tcov yLyvofxevcov, crvvoi^d re rois

Tr\etorTOL<s avrdv yJKLcrTa âipovcn Tavry ry Kara-

crracret, ol rjv eêcmv avrotg iv rat? aKo\a(Ttai<^ ravrats

ZiaTpiêiV aiCTT ovK av elKOTco^; rourot? i-mTLjJicijrjv

aXXa TToXv oiKaiorepov toIs oXiyM irpo yjJLcov T'qv ttoXlv

SiOLKijaaaLV. iKclvoL yap râav ol 7TpoTpe\fjavTe<; €77151

raura? ra? oXiycoptaq Kal KaraXvcavTe'^ ttjv T179 (3ov-

X775 Zvva\Liv. Tjq i7TL(TTaT0va"r]<; ov Slkojv ovS' iyKXr)-

fxarcov ovh' elcnpopaJv ovSe Trezîa? ovSe TroXijxoiv -q

ttoXls eyejxev, aA.Xa Kai 77/309 dXX7]Xov<; iqav^tav elôv

Kol Trpo<5 Tovs aXXov<5 diravTa^ elprjvyjv rqyov. irap-

etôv yap a(fid<; avTovq rots jxev 'ÊXXtjctl ttlcttovs,

rots Se BapBdpoL^ SoBepovs' tou9 ixev yap creo-co/cores =52

Tjcrav, TTapdê to)v olktjv TrjXLKavTyjv elXrjcfjOTes, oxjt

aya-ndv iKetvov^ el [xrjSev ert KaKov Trdoôcev. rot-

ydproi oia raura /xera rocravrT^? acrcâXeta? StT^yof,

Cfjcrre KaXXtovs elzât /cat TroXvTeXecrTepa'; rag olKijo'ei'^

/cat ra? /caracr/cevag ra? e7rt rajj^ dypcov r} ra? evrog

reiyov^, /cat ttoKKov^ tcjv ttoXltcjv jxtjo etsTo^ eopja^ ^

et? aoTu Kara/SaCveLV dXX' alpelaOai {xevecv enl rot?

t8tots dya6ol<i fidXXov -q tcov kolvcov dnoXavetv. ovSe 53

8—2



u/ ; a<^

ii6 SELECTIONS.

yap TO, TTepl ra? Oeojpias, (hv eu€K av rt? rjkdev, dcreX-

yo)? ovS' vnep-qfjidi'co'^ aXka vovve-ôvTO)'; iiroLovU'

ov ydp e'/c tiov ito^xtto)V ovS' c/c twi^ vrepl ret? -ôpr)yCa<;

6)CkoveiKia)V ovK e/c t&ji^ toiovtoji^ aXaôi'etcut' tt)!^ evSat-

ixoviav iSoKLfJiaôu, aXX.' e/c tou cr(0(f)p6vco<g oIkclu koL

Tov yStou Tou Ktt^' Tjixipav KOI Tov firfSeva rcov tto\itiov

diropelv tcov iiriTiqheioiV . i^ oivrrep )(pri Kpiveiv Tov<i

ws dX7]6(i)<s ev TrpaTTovras kul [irj (ôyortKws TroXtrevo-

54 jaeVovs* irrei vvv ye ris ovk av inl rot? yiyvon-dvoi'i

Twu eu (ftpovovvTCJV akyrjcreiev, orav Ihrj tto\Xov<; tcov

ttoXltcov avTOv<s jxeu irepl tcou dvayKaiojv, et^' eôvcnv

elre [xt], npo tcov hiKacrTiqpiciiv Kkri£ov/xeVov g, tcov S'

'^Wrjvcov Tov^ iXavveiv rag vau? /SovXojaeVov? Tpecêiv

d^LOvvTas, Kal ôpevovTa<; [X€v iv ^pvcrots t/x,aTtot?,

êtjLtaôz^Ta? S' et* rotouTot?, eV ots ov fôvXoâi Xeyeiv,

/cat TOtavra? aAAa? ei/avrtwcreis Trepi tt^p' OL0LKr]aLV

ytyvofJieva's, at jxeydXr^v ala)(vvrjv Tjj vroXet ttoiov-

55 crt^'. wi' ouSet' t)^ ctt' iKeLvr)<; Trj<; ôvXyjq' dn-qXXaie

ydp Tous /xet' TreVr^ra? rwv diropLcov rat? ipya(Tiai<^

KoX Tals TTapd TCOV i)(6vTcov cuêXetat?, rov? oe vecoTe-

pov^ TCOV dKoXacTLcov To2s eTTtTTySeuyxacrt /cal rats aurcot'

eVt/xeXetat?, tov? 8e TToXiTevofxivovi tcov irXeovegLcov

rals TLfxcopLaL'^ Kal tco /xt} Xavddveiv tov<; aSiKOVj/ra?,

Tovs Se iTpecrjBvTepov<i tcov dOviXicov rai? ri/xats rat?

TToXtTt/cat? Kal rats irapd tcov vecoTepcov OepaTreiaL^.

KaiTOi TTCtis at' yivoLTO TavTrj<; TrXeLovo<s dîa iroXiTeia,

Trj<i ovTco KoXco^ diravTcov tcov Trpayp-aTcov eVt/xeXTy-

6êtcn7S.



ISOKRATES. 117

XII. AiriNHTIKOI.

§§ 18-27.

Kal irepi fxkv tojv TraXatcuv rroXv av epyov eiiq Xeyeuv 18

ore 8e nacrtt'o? Udpov Kareka/Beu, erv^^v avTolq vireK-

Keifxeva ra irXeicrTa Trj<; ovcrta? '^rapa rot? êvoi<i toI<s

e/jLOt";* (pofj-eOa yap jxaXiaTa ravTiqv Trjv vrjcrov a<T<pa\(o<;

eêti^. aiTopovvTOiv S' iKeivoiv koI vo}xit,6vTOiV avT drro-

XcoXevaL, TrXevcra<; iyo) T17? vvktos iieKoixicr avTols rd

y(jirjp.aTa, KivZvvevaa^ irepi tov crcJâro?* i(f)povp€LTo 19

fxev yap t] -^copa, crvyKaTeih!r^ZTevydSa}u Tqv ttoXlv, oX /atag r)[xepa<; aTreKTeivav

avToêtpeg yevoiievoi tov re irardpa tov ifjLov kol tov

ueiov Kai tov K'qoecrT'qv, /cat tt/do? tovtol^ avexjJLOVS rpets.

aW o/x,aj? ovSeV ju,e rovrcuj' dneTpexfjev, aXA.' uôjxiqv

ttXecov, T^yovfJievo'; d/xotoj? jote Setz^ v77e/3 iKeivMv Kuvhvvev-

euv (ocnrep virep ifxavTov. fierd Se TavTa (^vyrj'i iqplv 20

yevoixevTjq e/c tt79 TroXeoj? ju,eTa rocrourov dopv/Sov Kal Se'-

OV5, wcrr et'tous /cat tw^" (T(peTep(ov avTcov ajxeAeLv, ovo ev

To-uTOL<; rot? /ca/cots T^ydnrjcra el tov<; ot/cetov? tou5 ifxav-

Tov StacToicrat hvvrjdeirjv, dXX! eloco^ "ScottoXlv fxev air^^^^^^^'^^

Sr)[jiovvTa, avTov 8' iKelvov dpp(^<TTOi<; hcaKeifxevov, avv-

€ê/co/xtcr' auraJ /cat tt^j^ p^rjTepa /cat ttî^ d8eX(f>rjv /cat

T->}v ovaiav dnacrav. KaiToi Tiva SiKaioTepov avTyv

eVetv 17 rot' TOTe [xev crvvSiacrcocravTa, vvv oe Trapa tSv

Kvpioiv elXr)(f)6Ta

Tot ixev Toivvv elpr)[JLeva ecrrti/ iv ots iKLvSwevaa 21

fxev, (f)Xavpov 8' ovSev diTeXavcra' e)((o 8e Kat rotavr

elirelv, i^ cov CKCtVo) âpLl,6êvo<^ avros rat? /ieytorat?

(rvixff)opal-£/

ii8 SELECTIONS.

(jv\}.tt\.€iv et? Tpot^îâ /cat jjLr)ha]xaJ<; avTOV aTTokLTrelv,

Xiyoiv T-nu dppojcTTLav Tov crioixaros /cat to TrkrjOo^ to)U

eyôpoiv, /cat ort ôipi^ cjjlov jyevo[xevos ovoev eôt]^7)-

2 2 (T0aL T0t9 avTov TrpdyixacTiv. (f)OJ3oviJieur)<; 8e Trjs ixr)Tp6<;,

oTt TO y^copiov cTrvvvavero vocrcooes etvat, /cat toji^ gevcov

avfjL/SovXevovTop avTov jjievetv, o/xw? eSofev 17^1x11^ e/cetV&>

-sâpicTTeov eivai. Koi ixerd tovt ovk e(f)6r]}xev etg Tpot-

l,rjva i\96vTes, kol rotavrat? wcrots i\7](f)07]ixev i^ cov

ai5ro? /xef irapd [xiKpou rjXOov dTToOaveiv, dhe\^r]v Se

Kop-qv rer/oa/catSe/ceriv yeyovvlav ivT6<; rpLOLKOvO' rjix&pcov

KareOaxfja, t'Y]v Se jjLTjTepa ovSe Trevff rjjxepai<; iKeLi/r)<s

varepov. KairoL riv oiecrOe p.e ypcofXTju eêw TocravTr)<;

23 jxoL ixeTa/3o\7J<; tov fiiov yeya^rifxivq^ ', 65 tov p.€v aXkov

^povov d7ra6y]<i rjv KaKMV, veoicxTl 8' iTreipcofirju (f)vyrj<;

/cat TOV Trap" ereyoots fxev ixeTOiKeiv, crTepeaOaL Se tcov

e/xavTov, 77^09 8e tovtol<; icopcop ttjv jjurjTepa ttjp ip-avTov

KOL T7JV dSek(f)rjv e/c peu ttJ? TrarptSo? iKTrevTcoKvias, eVt

îv'q<; Se /cat Trap' aXXorptot? roi' ^toi' reXevrwcras. wcrr

oi5Set9 at* jLtot St/cato)? (fiOoprjcreLep, et rt toiz^ (dpacrv-

Ao;)[(ou TTpajy\x(XTOiv ayauov cmoKekavKa' /cat ya/3 tva

y{apicralpy]v i.Keivo), /carot/ctcra/xe^'o? eV TpoLl^rjpL roiav-

rats i)(pr)(Tdpr)v (Tvp(ôpals (hv ovSenoT dp eTrikadeadoa

hvvy)6eirjv.

"4 Kat jLt')]!' ouSe tovO* eôvcnv elirelp, ws ev jotev TTyoctr-

roz^ros ©pAcrvXoôu TrdpTa Tavd^ virepêpop, Sucrrv^Ty-

aaPTa 8' avrop dneXiTTOP' iv avrot? yayo rovrot? ert

cra(f)e(TTepop /cat paXXop iTreSei^djxrjp ttjp evpouap rjv

CL)(OP €ts eKelvop. eTretSi) yo-iD ets Atytvav KaTOLKicrd-

jxepo<i -qcrOepyjcre Tavrrjp ttjp poctop i^ rjcnrep drreOapev,

ovTO)<; avTov iOepdrrevcra cJ? ov/c otS' ocrrts ttcottoO^

€Tepo<i €TCpOP, TOP p,€P TrXelcTTOP TOV ^pOPOV TTOPrjpCO^



ISOKRATES. 119

lêv e)(OPTa Trepuivai S' ert Svpajxeuou, e^ ixTJua<; 8e avue-

^(3?ez^ Trj KXivrj

Keiiievov. koItovtcju tcop

Takannopiatv 25

ovSet? Twu (Tvyyeviov jaeracrêt^' rjîoicrev, aXX' ou8' eVt-

(TKe^6iJieuo<i d(jiLK€To, TrXrjp rrj'? fxrjTpo'^ /cat tt^? aSeX^7j?,

at irXeop ddrepov eiroi-qaav' daOevovaai yap rjXOov e/c

Tyoot^T^vog, cocrr' avrat 6epa7reLa<? iSeoPTo. dXX' o//,(y9

eyw, TOLQ-uTcov Tcop aXXwt' Trept avrov yeyevrjixepoju, ovk

dneirrop ouS' aTreaTTjp, aXX.' pôcrrjkevop avTOP fjcerd

TTatSo? eiô?' ouSe yaya rojt' ot/cerwi' ouSet? VTrejxepep.

/cat yap (fiVcreL âXcTTO? wi/ ert hvo-KoXcorepop Std ttJi' 26

iôcroz^ 8te/ceiro, wcrr' ov/c eKeiPcop dîop Oav[xdl,€LP, el fJirj

TTapefxepop, aXXa ttoXu fxciXXop oTTcoq iyco roiavT'qp pocrop

Oepairevcoi/aPTapKevv T^SvpdjjLrjP' 05 ejjLvvo^ jxep yjp ttoXvp

y^povop, e/c Se ttJ^ KXipr]<; ovk i^Svparo KLPelcOai, rotaura 27

8' e7Ta(T)(CP oidd' r\\id% jJLrjSejJLiap rjêpap dSaKpvTOV<;

ScayayeiP, dXXd 6pr]PovPTes SieTeXovfiep /cat tov<s ttopov;

Tov? aXXrjXojp /cat ttjp (fivyrjp /cat ttjp iprjfjiCap ryp rjixe-

repap avTa)P. /cat ravT ovoepa ^popop 8teXt7ret'' oi;8e

ydp drreXOeip olop t tqp 17 So/cetJ' djxeXelp, o e;a.ot ttoXu

8ett'OTepot' T^p tojp KaKcop tcop irapoPTCop.

XIII. AAEEANAPQI.

Upog TOP TToripa crov ypdôiP iTncrToXiqp aroirop

M^-qp TTOirfcreiP, el rrepX top avTOP oPTa ere tottop eKeip(o

jxrjre Trpocrepco {jltjt acnrdcroixaL, firjTe ypaxfjoj ri tolovtop

o TTOLrjcreL tov<s dpaypoPTa^ /xt} pojxilêLP r)or] [xe Trapa-

(j^popelp 8td TO yrjpas ixrjSe TraPTdnacn Xypetp, aXX ert

TO KaToXeXeLfxixepop [xov fxepo^ /cat Xolttop op ovk apagtop

elpaL T179 Svpdjxecof; rjp ea)(OP pe(OTepo<s cop.

'A/coucu Se ere irdpTOiP XeyopTOiP, oj? (f)LXdpOpojTro<; et 2

;cat(f>iXa9TJpaios Koi ^tXocroô?, ovk

acppopcjs aXXa povp-



120 SELECTIONS.

€)^6vT(o<s. T(ou re yap ttoXltcop aTrohi)(eadai ere jdv iîxe-

repcop ov rovs Ty/xeXT^Koras avTcov kol irovqpoiv irpayixd-

TOiv imOvixovi'Ta';, dX)C 019 crvvhiarpiôjv re ovk dv

XvTrr]OeCr]<; <Tvix/3dXX(ou re kol Koivoivcov TrpayjJLdTov

ovSeu dv /3XaySet7^9 ovS' dSiK-rjOeC-qs, oloicnrep ^^prj ttXt]-

3 (Tidtêiu Tov<; ev (jipovovvTas' raiv re (j)iXo(ro<^LO)v ovk

aTToSo/ctjaaêtf [xku ovSe ttjv irepl ras eptSa?, aXXo, poixl-

tjeiv eivai TrXeoveKTiK-qv eV rats tStats Scarpt/Sai?, ov ixr)v

apfXOTTCLV OVTE TOtS TOV TtXtJOoVS TTpoeCTTUXTLV OVTe Tol^

Tas ixovap)(ia<s e)(ov<TiU' ovSe yap avjxffyepeiv ovhe

npeTreLu rot? fieuôv ratv aXXcov (j)povov(Tiv ovr aurot?

ipiêtu 7rpo<s tov<; crvp.TToXiTevop.ivov<; ovre rots aXXot?

4 iiriTpeTTeiv 77/309 avrovs ai'TtXeyetv. ravrrju fxev ovv ovk

dyaTrdv are rrjv hiarpij^rfv, itpoaipela6ai he ttjv iratZetav

Trfu irepl tov<; X6yov<; ol<s y^patfxeda irepl rds trpdêi^ rds

TrpocnTnrTov(Ta<^ Kad eKdariqv ttju Tjixepav, Kal fxeO' wv

(BovXevofxeOa Trepl tojv kolvcow 8t' 17V vvu re ho^dt,eL^

776/31 rcov fxeXXourcou eVtet/^cu?, rol<s r a/jô/xeVots npocr-

rdrreiv ovk dvoy]ra)<; a Set irpdrreLv eKaarov; eiTLcrrrj-

cret, rrepX Se ratv KaXoiv koX St/catcuv Kal riov rourots

ivavTLcop 6p6a)<; Kpiveiv, rrpo^ Se rovroL<i TLjxdu re kol

5 KoXdCeLv, co<; TrpocrrJKov icrriv eKarepovg. a(0(f)poue'L<;

ovv vvv ravra [xeXerSv iXrriSaq yap rco re irarpi Kal

roZ^ dXXots 7rape)(eL<;, w? idv Trpecrfivrepo^ yevojxevo<;

ifxixeivr)^ rovroLs, roaovrov 7r/)oe'êts rfj (f)povr](TeL rcov

dXX(ov ocrovTrep 6 irarrjp aov hievrjvo\ev aTravrcjv.

XIV. 01 A inn ai.

*Eyc«> BieXexOrjv fiev Kal tt/jo? ^Kvr'nrarpov Trepl re

raiv ry ttoXel Kal rcov crol (rvixcftepovrcov e$apKOVvta}<s, cjq

ifxavrov eireiOov, rjôvXrj0r)v Ss /cat 7r/)os cre ypaxpai



ISOKRATES. 121

TT^pX (ov jJiOL SoKel irpaKTeov etuac fxeTO. ttjv elp-qvrjv,

^^-ffSpaTrXTy crca, rots iu rw Xoyco yeypaiipiivoL';, noXv 8*

eK€iV(xiv ervvrop.(i)Tepa. J)

Kar' Ikîvov \xkv yap tov )(p6uop avveôvXevov w? 2

Xprj hiaWdâvTa ere ttjv tt6\iv t^v rjixerepav kcCl ttjv

AaKehaLfjioPLcov koI tqu ©rjâioiv koX r-qv 'Apyeicou et?

oixovoLav KaTacTTrjcrai tov<; "EXXi^va?, -qyovixevoq, iav Ta<;

TrpoeaTcocras 7roA.et9 Treicrrj^ ovtco (fipoveiv, raêoi? /cat

rag aXXa? iiraKoKovOrjaeiv. tote fxeu ovv aXko<; rjv

Kaipoq, vvv Se (Tvix/Be/SrjKe p/^Kiri êlv TreWeiv 8ta yao "

TOV dycova tov yeyevrffxevov TûayKacrixevot 7roivTe<; elcrlv

ev (f)poveLV, /cat toxjtcov iiriOvixeiv chv virovoovai ere /Sou-

XecrOai TrpdrTeLV, /cat Xeyeiv cJ? Set Travcra/xeVov? Ty)%

/xavta? Kat Trj'; 7rXeove^La<5, rjv eiroiovvTO 7rp6<; aXXT]\ov<;,

els TTjv *Ao"tav tov TroXefjiov eêveyKeZv. /cat ttoXXoc 3

TTVvOdvovTai Trap ifiov norepov iyco croL Traprjveaa ttol-

eicrdai rr^v crrparelav ttju inl tovs /âpjSdpovg, tj crov

^LavojqêvToq crvvelirov eycj 8' ovk elSevat jxev (jrqpn to

(ra(f)e<; (ov yap avyyeyevrjcrdai crot rrporepov), ov fJirjv

aXX' oleaBai ere jxev eyvoiKevai irepl tovtov, ifxe 8e

crvveipr)KevaL rats crat? eTndvjxiai<;. Tavra 8' aKo-uovre'^

iheovTO fxov TrdvTe<; TrappLKeXeveerdaC croL Kat TrpoTpeireiv

eTTt T(ov avToiv totjtcjv fxevetv, (os ovSeTroT av yevofxevojv

ovTe KaXXiovcDV epycjv ovre (i>(j)eXip.oTepoiv rots EXXTycrtz^

ovT ev Kaipco fxdXXov Trpa)(0r](roiJLev(ov.

Et fxev o-uv el)(ov ttjv avTrjv hvvajxLv yjvrrep irporepov, 4

/cat p.rj Travrduacriv rjv direLp7)Kd)<;, ovk dv 8t' einerToXrjs

SLeXeyofJLTjv, dXXd Trapcjv auro? irapw^vvov av ere Kat

TTapeKdXovv iirl ra? rrpdêis ravra?. vvv 8' oj? ovvafxai

TrapaKeXevoyiai crot ja^ KaTafxeXTJaai, tovtcov, Trpiv av

TeXo<s eindys avrols- eerri Se irpos ^Jêv aXXo tl tojv



122• SELECTIONS.

ovTOiv 1 0177X77 CTTWS ^X^yVx ov KaXot' (at yap /LterpiorT^res

7ra/3a, rot? ttoXXoi? evSo/ctjaovcri), So^rys 81 /xeyaATys Kat

KaX7J<; imOviMely kol yL-qheTTor ifiTTLTrXaadai TrpocrrjKei

Tol? TToXv Tcov ctXXwv Sto'ey/covdrtv onep crol crv/xê'-

5 jSrjKei'. TJyov Se t66^ eêtv dvvrr^p^X'qTou avTqv koX tojv

crol TTeTTpayjxivoiV aîav, oTav rov^ jxeu âpl3dpov<;

dvayKacrrj'^ eikcoTev€iv rot? EXXi^cri, ttXtjv roiv crol crvp-

ayoiVLcraixivoiv, tov 8e /BacnXea tov vvv fxeyav irpocrayo-

pevofxevov TTOLijcry; tovto TrpaTreiv o rt av av rrpocr-

TaTTrj'?. ravTa Be KaTepydcraaOaL ttoXv pdov ecTTiv e/c

Tctiv vvv TTapovTOiv, y irpoeXOeiv irrl rrjv Svpafxiv koI ttjv

doâv, rjv vvv e)(eL<;, e/c Trjs /SacrtXeoa? Trj<i i^ dp)(rj^ vjjllv

vTrap^dcrr)'^''" ovSev yap ecTTac Xolttou ert ttXtju Oeov yeve-

6 a-Oai.'' )(dpLV S' e)(aj tw y'^P^ TavTTjv fxovrjv, otl irpo-

ijyayev els tovto jxov top /3lov, coaO^ d veos (^v OLevo-

ovpLrjv /cat ypdêiv eiTeêipovv ev re rw TravrjyvpLKO)

Xoycp /cat TO) npos ere 7Tep.(f)0evTL, ravra vvv Ta jxev ySrj

yvyvofxeva Sta tcov crcov ecfiopd) Trpdgeojv, ra o iXnilô)

yevqcrecr6ai.



IÂIOZ.

I. nEPI TOY AlKAIOrENOYI KAHPOY.

I. §§ 7-24.

'ETreto-/} oe iveifxavTO tov Kkrjpov, o/xocraz/re? fxTj 7

napa/SyjcrecrOai ra (oixoXoyrjixeva, iKeKT'r]TO eKacrTO<; Bc6-

Se/ca err) a eXaê' kol iv toctovtco -^povo) ovcrcov SlkSp

ovoet? avTcou rjîoicre to. TreTrpay/xeVa eiTTelv aSiACwg

7TeTrpai)(9ai, Trplu Sv(TTV^7)crdaif]'i ttj^ voXecos /cat cra-

crefo)9 yevo[xevT]<5 Kayco^'o? ovrocrt Tretcrêt? V770 MeXavo?

Tou AtyvTrn'ov, (ItTrep koI raXXct iirelOeTo, 'îJt,(f)Lcrfi7]TeL

Tjfxiv aTrauTOs tov KXrjpov, âcr/cwv e<^' 0X17 TTOLrjOrjvaL

vlo<? VTTo 70V deiov TOV TjixeTepov. T^/xet? p^kv ovv paiuea- 8

ât avToi^ rjyovpeOa Trj Xrjêi, ovk av iroTe olopevoi rov

avTov avSpa TOTe peu (pdcrKovTa iirl rw TpLTco pipei

TTOLrjOrjuaL TOTe 8' e(^' dnavTL Toi KXyjpoj Soâc TdXr)9e<;

Xiyeiv vplv' eU Se to StKaaTT/jpiov elo-eX06vTe<; koI

TToXXo) nXeCoi kol hiKaioTepa XeyovTeq rjhiKrjOrnxev,

OV^ VTTO TWV ZlKaCTTOJV CtXX' VTTO McXaj'O? TOV AlyvTT-

TLov /cat Tojv iK€LVOv (fyiXoiv, ot Sta ra? TT79 TroXeo)?

avp(ôpd's iôvcrCav (r(f)LaLV avrot? 'r]yovvTO etvai K€K-

TTJaOaC re raXXorpta /cat to, xfjevSrj aXXi^Xots papTvpelv'

VTTO Se Twt' TO, ToiavTa TTOiovvTOiv i^7)TTaTy]0r]o'av ol

OLKacTTaC. /cat rjpeZ<^ peu KaTaxfjevSopapTvp'qOeuTe'; aTTCo- 9

Xeaapev ra oi^ra/ /cat yap o TraTrjp ov ttoXXw ^povco



124 SELECTIONS.

vcTTepop fxeTo, rr^v ScKrjv iTeXevTTjcre, irpXv eTreêXBexu

015 iirea-KijxpaTO rajv fxapTvpajv' ALKaLO-yei/r]<; 8e 7rp6<s

Tjfia^ ws ifiovXeTo ayoiVKrafxevos rrj avrrj iqfxipa

iîjXacre jxeu rrju Kr)(f)LO'0(f)a)VT0'; tov UauavLecoq 6v-

yarepa e/c tov fxepov;, dSeXîSrjv ovcrav AiKaioye-

povs TOV KaTaXiTTOVTO^; Ta )(pyjixaTa, acêtXero §e Ty]v

Ar)ixoKXeov<s yevoixdvrjv yvvaiKa, a At/caioyei^9 dBeX-

(fios c5i/ eScoKeu, d(f)eLXeTo Se kol tyjv KrjffiLcroSoTov

10 fxrjTepa /cat avTOU tovtov d-rravTa- koX yap tovtoju

ye'' djxa Kal iTTLTpo7TO<; /cat Kvpio'i /cat ai'rtSt/cos tjV,

Kol ovhe /cara to iXd^LcrTou /xe/Dos Trj'; oi/cetori^TO?

iXeov Trap" avTOv eTvôv, dXX* 6p(f)avol /cat epyjixoi

/cat TrevTjTe's yev6p.evoi iravTOiv /cat tc^v KaO' rjp.ipav

eTTtrr^SetctJi/ r^crav eVSeets. ovrwg avrou? At/catoye-

7^175 ourocrt iyyvTaTO) cou yivov<^ iireTpoirevev' os ye,

a jLtei' o irarrjp aurot? 0eoVo/x7ros /careA-tTre, rot? rou-

TOJi' e^6po2<; TrapeScoKev, d Se 6 Trpo? /xt^t/jo? êtog

/cat o TraTTTTO? avrotg iScoKeu, avros dcfyeiXero Trpo

1 0LK7]<;. Kal 6 TTavTOiv SeLvoraTOv, tyju oiKiav avTOiv

Trjv iraTpcoau, iraiôiv outojv tovtcou, 77pta/x€vo9 Kat

KaTa(rKdxjja<; tov kyJttoi' iiroLija-aTO irpo^ Ty avTOv

OLKLa Trj if dcTTei. Kat XafxjSdvcjv fxicrOoicriv oyoorj-

KovTa ixvd<s e/c Toiu At/catoyeVov? tov 'qixeTepov deiov

)(pr)iJidTcov, TOV CKeivov dSeX(f)LSovu K.r](f)LO-6SoToi' tco

iavTov dSeXcfiO) 'ApixoSco) (TVveTreixxjjep ei? KopuvOov

dvT dKoXovOov et9 tovto vl3pe(o<; Kal p.iapia<s d(f)-

LK€TO. Kal TTpos Tot? (xXXots KaKot? oi^ctStêt /cat ey-

KaXel avTcp oVt e/x^ctSas /cat Tpi^covia cjiopei, (ocnrep

dot/cov/xet'05 Tt et e/x/3aSas K7^(^ta'oSoT05 (f)opel, aXX*

ou/c aSt/cwt' ort aêXo/xei'og avrot' ra ovra TreuyjTa

TTeTToirjKev.



ISAEOS. 125

'AXXa ix.r]v rrepl tovtoju rocravra fxoi elprjcrOoi' 12

TToXiV 8' eTiaret/xi. oêz^ aTreknrov. Meveêvo<; yap 6

K')7<îcroâji'ro? uto'?, duexpLO'? (ov K.r](f)Lcroh6Ta) tovtoA

Kol ijJiOi, Koi TTpocrrJKOv avTio tov KKrjpov fxipo^ ocrov-

irep ijxoL, cTre^rjeL to2s KaTap.apTvprjaacnv i^fxcju /cat

eKeivov tol xpevSrj, kol AvKcova, ounep elcnjyaye

TrpcoTOP eU TO SiKacrTyjpLOi', tovtou elXev' 09 ifxap-

Tvp-qae AtKaLoyevrjv TroiiqOrjvai tov vvv ovTa vtto

TOV Oeiov tov TjixeTepov vlov inl TravTl rw Kkrjpw.

fxapTvpyjcras 8e ravra idXco xpevSofiapTvpicov. eVetSi) 13

Se ALKaLoyepr)<;, d) duhpes, ovkctl vfxds SvvaTaL iâ-

TraTav, Treidet Meveêvov tov virep tjfJLojv re koI vnkp

avTov TTpoLTTovTa, a iyoj al(T^vv6ixevo<^ aiây/caô/xat

8ta TTjV eKeivov vovrjpCav \iyeiv,—ti Troirjcrai ; Acojai-

crdixevov avTov iJiepo<; e'/c tov KXnjpov 6 tl iytyveTO,

njixd's fiev virkp (hv enpaTTe TrpoSovvai, tovs Se fxrjiro)

eaXoi/cora? tojv [lapTvpcjv d(f)eivai' koI rjixel<i jxev

TavTa VTTO Tcjv îkojv /cat tcov eÔpaiv iraOovTeq

etô/xei' Tjcrvîav. tovtcjv 8' vjjlIv

ixdpTvpa<; napeô-/xat. [MAPTYPE2.]

*0 [xev Toivvv yieve^€vo<; iradoiv agta TOiv kavTov 14

TpoTTCov rjTT(XTrj6rj VTTO TOV At/catoyeVovs" d(êtg yctyo

Tovs fidpTvpaq /cat T^jua? TTpoSov^, cov ev€Ka raur'

eTTpaêv ovk iKoixtcraTo. dSi.Krjdel'i 8e vtto AiKaLoyevov;

{xeO* rnxoiv ttoXlv errpaTTev. yjfjielq 8e KaOiqyovjJievoL

ovk4tl TrpocryJKeLv AtKatoyeVet eêtv tojv e/c tov Kk-qpov

jxepo'i ovSev, cTretS-)} ol fidpTvpes idXcoaav, a/>t<^t(r/37^-

Tovixev avTco dnavTog tov olkov kut ay^Lo-Teiav. /cat

on rjiiei<; re opOcuq eyvcoKajxev /cat ovSev eTL TrpoarfKei

At/catoyeVet tov Kkrjpov, paSC(o<; 8t8a^w. ovo yap 15

SuaOrJKai i(f)dvrj<Tav, 17 fiev TToKai ttoWco, tj 8' vcrT€-



126 SELECTIONS.

pov, KOL Kara /xet- r-qv iraKaidv, rjp dveffirjpe Up6êi'o<;

6 ALKaLoyipov<; tovtov Trarijp, inl rw rpLTco iiepec

Tov Kkrjpov iyiyveTO rw deioi toj rjfjierepci) vtos ttolt)-

Tos, Ka9^ Tjv S' a^ro? ojTric^rjve AtAcatoyeVT^g, eVl Travrl

r(o OLKO). ravTaiv he tolv hiaOrjKaiv rjv fxeu IIp6êi'o<;

direcfirjve, AiKaioyivrj^ eireLcre tov<; StK-aorTct? (os ovk

dXrjdrjs ecT]' rjv 8e At/catoyeVr^? drri(f)rjvev, ol [xapTvprj-

cravT€<; avrrjv rov Oelov tov TJixeTepov SiaOecrdaL id-

i6 Xojcrav xpevSojJLapTvpccou. ajxôlv 8e tolv SLaOaJKaLy

dKTjpoLV yiyvoixevaiv, Koi irepa^ /xT^Se/xttz? o/xoA.oyou-

[xevr)<; eXvai,, Kara Socnv fiev ovSevl TrpoarJKe tov Kkrj-

pov, KaT dy^KjTeiav 8e rat? AtfcatoyeVov? tov dno-

OavovTO^ dheXcfyoL'?, (hv eXaiv at T^jxeTepau p.r)Tepe<5. Std

he TavTa ehoê re '^jxlu Xaêlv tov KX'qpov KaT dyî-

CTTeiav KoX iXdy(0[xeu to [xepo^ e/cacrros. fieXXovTcov 8'

rfixuiv avTon-vvcrOai hie^JLapTvprjcre Aew^cxpT^? ovToal

17 fxrf eirihiKov eivai tov KXyjpov -qpXv. eTTicrKrj\\sa}xevo)v

S' 7][xcov 7) [lev Xrj^L^ tov KXtjpov hieypd(f)y), t] he tcov

ifjevhoiiapTvpLCJV hiKrj elcrrjei- ev he rw hucaaTr^pio)

irdvTa [xev i^fxcov elnovTcov airep vvvi, TToXXd he Aeco-

)(dpovs dpTaTToXoyTjaajjievov, eyvcoaav Ta ijjevhrj jxap-

TvprjcraL Ae(o)(dpr]v ol hiKacxTai. erreihrj he tovto

âvepov iyeveTO eâipeOeicrc^v tcov \ljr)<l)cov, d {xev tcov

18 hiKacTTcov KoX T^ficov iheijOr) Aeoj^^dprj'^ rj dcra rjjjuv

egeyeveTO OLairpagacruaL TOTe, ovk olo o tl oet Xeyeiv,

a he (jojxoXoyrjOyj rjjXLv, TavTa dKovcraTe, (Tvyy^wpovvTOiv

ydp rjixiov tm apôvTi pirj (Tvvapidp.elv dXXd avyyêai

Ta'; \ljij(f)0V<5, d(f)L(rTaTO [xev At/catoyeVi^S toIv hvolv

jxepolv TOV kXtjpov Tal? At/catoyeVovs dheXcjials, kol

(opoXoyei dvaiJLc})Lal3'/]Tr}Ta Trapahcoaeiv rjixlv TavTa Ta

p-epr)' Kal TavTa rjyyvaTo avTov Ae(x))(^dpr]q ovto<;



h:n>

ISA£OS. 127

Koi WjaoA-oyet iTOirjcreiv, ov jjlouos aXXa zeal Mv-qcn-

TTToXeiioq o nXojêteus. /cat TOVTOiv vfxlu tov'^ iJidpTvpa<;

irapeôixai. [maptyPE^.]

H/xet? Toivvv Tavra iradovre^ vtto Aeco'^dpov;, 19

/cat €r^yei>6jxevov tjjjuu aurov iTreLSrj elXoixeu rcov xfjev-

oofxapTvpiojv drtjLtwcrat, ovk efôvhrjOrjiJiev, dX)C i^rjp-

Kecre ra 7][xeTepa rjiuv KOjatcra/AeVots d/nriWd^dai. tol-

ovTOL Se yevoixevoL irepX Aeo}')(dpy]u koI AtKaLoyep-qv

igrjirarijOrjixei' vtt avrcov, (6 dpSpe<;' ovre ydp At-

Kaioyevq^; Ta St'o /Aepry iqixiv rov KXrjpov irapihoiKev,

ofJioXoyij(Ta<i inl tov ZiKa<jTrjpiov, o{)Te Ae(i})(^dprj<^ 20

oixoXoyel iyyvrjcracrdaL avrov Tore, /cairot el jxt] ivav-

TLov jxkv Tcou SiKacrraiv, irevTaKocrioii' ovtcov, evav-

Tiov oe Tcov TrepLecTTrjKOTCov r^yyvdjo, ovk 010 o tl

av eTTOirjcrev. 0J9 ixkv Toivvv TrepKâvco'; i/zeuSofxat,

fxdpTvpaq vfjuv Trape-ôixeOa royg 7rap6vra<;, ore At-

Kaioyevrj'^ jxep d(l)i(TTaiTo roll' Svolv fxepoiv tov kXtJ-

pov /cat ojjJLOAoyeL avajXfpicrprjTiqra Trapaococreiv rat?

At/catoyeVoi;? doeX<â2<^, Aeoj-^^^dpyj^ 8e r]yyvdro avrov

a (ji\xoX6yricre kol TroirjO'eiv. ScojxeOa oe /cat vp-cov, cj

dvSpe<;, el rt? eTvyâve Trctpcov Tore, dva^jivrjcrOrivaL

el Xeyofxev dXrjOrj /cat ôrjdrjcrai tjjxZv' eirei, w dfSpe?, 21

et AtKatoyeVT^g dXrjdq Xeyei, tl T^/xetg (v(f)eXovjie9a^ plktj-

crapres, rj tl ovto<; it;rjixLa)9r] rjTTrj9eL<i ; et yap airecrT-q

ixovov, &!»? (jiTjaL, Tolv hvolv jxepolv tov KXrjpov, aiâ/x-

(^Lor^rjTrjTa 8e jai) d)p.oX6yeL TrapabaxreLV, tl i^yjixLovro

a(pL(TTa[Jiepoq cop TL[xrjP eLy(ep ; oi;oe yap rrptj' rjTTrjurjvaL

Trjp Blk7]p etêi/ ojz^ i^/astb ^LKatpp^cda, aXX ol rrapa

TOVTOV TTpidixePOL Kol OefxepoL, ots eSet avTOP airooovTa

rrjv TLixrjp iqplp Ta (JLepr] d-rroSovpaL. 8td ravra yap 22

/cat TOV? eyyvrjTOis Trap' avTov iXd/ôfxep, ov 7rLcrTevoPT€<;



128 SELECTIONS.

auTO) a coixoXoyiio'e TTOiricreiv. nXvu yap ovoIp oIklSlolv

e^w Teiôv<; koI iu Ueolo) kgrjKovTCL irXiOpcDV ovokv

K€KOfXL(rixe0a, d\X' ol Trapa tovtov Oefxevot /cat 7TpL(ip,e-

VOL' TJfxeL'^ S' ovK i^dyoixev' SeSi/xev ydp jx^ oj)\ojp.ev

St/cas. KoX ydp 'M.iKiaiva, Kekevovro^ AiKaLoyevovs /cat

(fidorKOVTO^ prq /3eâL0Jcr€LP, iâyoure^ e/c tov âkaveiov

d)(f>\o]Jieu TeTTapaKOUTa jxvdî 8td AcKaLoyevrjv, co ai/Syaeg.

23 Tjyo-ujxei'OL ydp ovk av avTOV /Se/BoLLCocreLv ovheu (hv 'qfjuv

direaTr) iu rw StKacrTrjpLCp, hucr)(vpit,6ixe6a 7rp6<; Mt-

Kiojva ivavrtov twu ot/cacrrcuv, eOikovre^ otlovv ndcr^êu',

el ySe/3atajcretei^ avTco AiKaioyivy]<; to âXaveiov, ovk

dv TTOTe ol6[JiepoL avTov iuavTia 019 cojJioXoyyjcre irpdâi,

ov OL akk ovoev r) ota rovs eyyvrjTa^, otl KaueLCTTr]-

24 Kecrav iqplv. dirocTTds Se At/catoyeVT^S ravra ra P'^pr), u)v

Kol vvu opoXoyel d(l)€aTdi'aL T]P'lv, i/BeâLOjae Mlklcovl

TO âXavelov- kol iyco pev 6 a^Xtos ov)( ottws tl e/c tov

kXtjpov elXr)(f)djq, dXXd TrpocraTToXajXe/ccus TeTTapaKOUTa

pvds, dnyeLv v/^pccrpevos vtto tov ^LKaLoyevov;. koL

TOVTCOV vplv pdpTvpas irapeôpaL.[MAPTYPE2.]

2. §§ 39—47.

39 Ets pkv TYjv ttoXlu ovTCt) KOL TocravTa l^LeXeij'ovpyrjKeJ

At/catoyeVry? dno TocrovT(ov^p7)pdT(ou' rrepl Serous irpocr-

t]K0VTaq T0L0VT6pa eis Tov

40 aL(r)(yvopaL Xeyeiv, ovto^ Be ttolwu ovk Tjcr^veTo. tcov

8' eTTLTiqheLOiV yieXava pev tov KlyviTTLOV, (o e/c peLpa-

KLov (fyiXos y)v, oirep eXajSe Trap avTov dpyvpiov drro-



ISAEOS. 129

(TTepT^cra?, e)(6LcrT6<; ecrrt' tcov Se aXXwi' avrou îKoiv

ol fiev ovK dneXa/Bov a ^dveicrav, 01 8' i^rjiraTyjOrjaav,

Koi OVK ekaôv a virecrêTO avrot?, et iinZiKdcraiTo

Tov KKrjpov, BcocreLV. KctiTOi, (o avope?, ol rjyiiTepoi 41

Tvpoyovoi ol TavTa KTrjadixevoL koI KaTa\nr6vTe<i 7rdaa<;

fxkv -ôprjyLas i)(opyj'yy]crav, elcnqveyKav Se €ts rov

TToXeixou -^rjixoLTCL TToWd vfjuu, Kol rpiripapy;ovvTe<i

ovheva -)^6vov hiekiTTOV. koI tovtcov [xapTvpia iv rot?

lepols dvaOrnxaJr^ e/cetvot ck Totv Trepiovroiv, ixvqixela

Tyj<; avToJu dpeT^s, dvidecrav, tovto [xeu iv Auouvaov

TptTToSa?, OU9 ôp'qyovvTes kol vlk^pt€<s eXaySoj^ tovto

eu Ilvt/Lov €TL o ev aKpoTTOAet a7rap)(a<i tcov ovtojv 42

ava(7€VTe<? ttoAAols, cos airo tota? KTrjcrecos, ayaAfjcacn

XakKols KOL \i0Lvoi<; KeKocTixrjKacn to lepoV' avTol S'

virep Trjs TrarptSo? TroXejxovvTes aneOavov, ALKaLoyev7]<;

fxev 6 Meveêvov tov i/JLov TTdiTTrov TraTrjp aTpaT~qycov

ore rj iv ^FiXevcrlvL p^d^t] iyeveTO, Meveêvos S' 6 iKeivov

vlos (^v\ap)(cov Trjs ÔXvvOias iv SnapTcoXcp, ALKaLoyevr]<;

Se6

MeveêvovTpLTjpap^cov Trjs HapdXov iv KvlSco.

TOV pev TovTov oIkov crv, co AiKatoyeves, irapaXaficov 43

KdKcos KCLL aLCTXpf^'S OLoAcokeKas, Kau egapyvpLcrapevos

vevCav oSvpy, ttoI dvaXcocras', ovTe yap els ttjv ttoXlv

ovTe els Toijs cfiiXovs <f>(wepos el ooLnavTjOels ovoev- dXXd

p.rjv ovSe KadL7TiT0Tp6(f)r]Kas' ov yap TTconoTe eKTTjcrco

LTTTTov irXeiovos d^Lov y Tpicov puvcoV qvTe KaTeêvyoTpo-

cj)r]Kas, eTrel ovSe i,evyos iKTijcrco opiKov ovoencoTTore

inl ToaovTOLS dypols koI KTajpacnv- dXX' ouS' e/c Toiv 44

TToXep,icov eXvcrco ovSeva. aXX' ovSe Ta dvaOrjpaTa, d

Meveêvos Tpicov TaXdvTcov noLrjcrdpevos aneOave irptv

dvaOelvat, els Trjv ttoXlv KeKopiKas, aXX' iv toIs Xidovp-

yeCoLS eTL /cuXtvSetrat, /cat avTos pev rjîovs KeKTrjcrdaL a

J. 9



I30 SELECTIONS.

crot ovêv npoorrJKe ^piîxara, TOi<^ Se êot? ovk aire-

45 Soj/ca? a eKeivoiV eyiyveTO dya^JiaTa. Sta tl ovp

a^twcret? crov rov? Si/cao-ra? ciTroi/ny^cracrât, oi Ai-

KaLoyeve<; ; Trorepov on TroAAa? Aetrou/aytas AeAetrovp-

yr)Ka<^ rfj rroXei, koI ttoXXo. ^prjixara SaTravrjcra'i creix-

vorepav Tr}v ttoXlu TOVTOi<; iTToiiqcra<^ ; 17 oj? rpL-qpap-ycou

iroXXd KaKOL tov<; TroXe/xtov? elpyaaco, Kai eurôôa?

Seofxevr) rfj Trar/JtSt et? rov TrokejJiov clqjveyKOiV ixcyaka

(o(f)iXr)Ka'? ; aXX' ovSeV crot tovtwv TreVjoaKrat. aXX' cd?

46 <rrpaTi(oTr]<; dyaOo^ ; aXX' ov/c eVrpareucrat roo-ovrou

Kat Totovrov yevofxevov TToXijxov, et? oi' *O\vp0lol fxeu

Kal viqcnoiTai virep rrjcrSe T17? y'i7S aTToOvrjcrKovcTi fxa-

voixevoL Tol<s TToXejatotg, <tu Se, d> At/catoyeiê?, 770X1x179

ojj' ovS' icTTpaTeva-aL- aXX' tcrws Sta rov? irpoyovov^

d^tojcret? /xov TrXeov €)(eiv, oVt rov rvpavvov diriKreivav.

iycj S' eKeLUOV? [xev iiraLva), crot 8e ovSe^' TJyoiJ/xat 7179

47 eKeivoiv dpeTTJ^ /xeretiât. TrpcoTou fxeu yap etXov cii^rt

T^S eKeivo)v 80^179 tt)i' 7][x€T€pav ovaiav KTrjcracrOai,

KoX ifiov\'i]9r)^ ixdWoif At/catoyeVov9 KoKelcrdai vto9

17 'Apixohiov, virepihoiv jxeu ttjv iu UpyTafeio) o-LTrjcnu,

KaTa(ppovr}(Ta<5 oe npoeopLCDV Kat areKeioiV, a Tot9 eg e/cet-

vwv yeyovocrt SeSorat. ert Se d 'A/jtcrroyetrcov iKe2uo<;

/cat *A/)/idSto9 oi5 Sta to yevo? iTLjxyjOrjcrav ctXXct Std

TTî' dvSpayaOiav, 779 crot ovSei' (xereaTLV, (o AcKaLoycve^.

II. nEPI TOY ATNIOY KAHPOY.

§§ 1-19.

NOMOI.

Atd raC^' vixlv dveyycov tov9 vo/xov9, on /caret tov

vpcoTov avTcov l(Tj(ypit,€.rai t&> TratSt tov riixiKkqpiov

Trpoa"t]Keiv, ovk dXrjOrj Xeytof. ov yap rjv 'qplv 'Ayvta?



^ ,..J _^ -**w._„

ISAEOS. 131

oiSeX(f)6<i, 6 Se vojxo^ nepl ddeX(f)ov ^prjjxdroji' npcoTou

a8eX(ôts re /cat dSeX(j)LSo'L<; TreTroCrjKe Tr)v KkiqpGvopLLav,

av d)crLv oixoTrdrope^- tovto ydp iyyvraTOi tov reXevTii]-

cravTo<5 yepovi ecTTiv. idv 8' ovtol fx-r) ojcrt, hevrepov 2

aoeXâ? d/xoTrarpta? KaXet /cat TratSa? rov? Ik tovtcov.

iav oe /xt) (hen, rpLTco yevec SlScoctl ttjv duyîcTTeiav,

aveijjLol<; 7rp6<^ TTarpo<i fJie^pi dvexpLcou TraiScov. idv he

Kac TovT eKXeiTTTj, €19 TO yevo<; ttoXlv iiravepyêraL, kol

TTOLel Tov<; npos ixr]Tpo<; tov TeXevTTjcravTO^ Kvpiov; av-

Tcou, Kara rauxa Kaddirep rot? 7rp6<; Trarpd? i^ dp-^rj'^

iSiSov TTjv KXrjpovofXLav. raura? Trotet ra? dy^torreta? 3

o uofJioOeTrjf; jji6ua<;, (TVPTOjjicoTepco'? rois prjixacriv rj iyd)

(f)pdl^(0'TY^y jxevTOL Sidvouau (hv jSovXeTaL TavTTj heiKw-

CTLV. 6 ok 7rat5 ovTO<i ouSe KaB' ev totjtcou TOiv opojxdTcoi'

Ayvia TTpocriqKei Trj dyîcTTeia, dXX' e^co r^s <Tvyyeveia<^

icTTLV. tVa 8' dKpL/Scoq ixddrjTe Trepl (hv i/zT^t^tetcrê, tov<;

TToXXovs Xoyov^ idcras ovto<? eiTraTOi o tl 6 Trat? irpocr-

rfKei TOVTOivX tcov elpy)pLevo)v tm top KXrjpov KaTaXiiropTL'

Kav (f)avy Kara tl TrpocrrJKcop, eKOiV iyca crvyy(oipco to

rip.iKXrjpiov elpai tov 77at8d?. el oe tol jx'qSep tovtcov 4

eêu eLTTelp, ttws ovk eXeyÔrjcreTai (jiapepco^ ifxe [xep

crvKopavTOjp, v/xas o egaTTaTrjaai vapa tov? vo[xov<i

L,r)T(i)P ; avapipacraixevo<i ovv avTov epavTiov vixojv epo)- ^

Tificroi ra ev toi<; vo/xot? vrrapajyCpcocrKcov ovto) ydp et-

aecrde el TrpocrrjKei tm uaiSl tcop 'Ayviov ^prjixaTcop rj

pLTj. Aa/3e ovv avrot? Tov<i vojotovs* o"u 8' dvdfi-qdi

Sevpo, iireiS-q Setpo? el StaySaXXett' kol tov<; p6ixov<s 8ia-

(rrpe(êtv. crv 8 dvayiypcocTKe. [NOMOL]

'Ettict^c?. epoiTTjO-oi ere. dSeX(f)6<; ia-$' 6 ttols 'Ay- 5

vtov, 17 aSeX^tSov? e^ a8eXô{' 17 e^ a8eX<^^9 yeyoucos, rj

dve\\tL6^, rj e^ dvexptov tt/dos pr]Tpo<? t] 7rpo9 Trar/Do? ; rt

9-2



132 SELECTIONS.

TovTOJV Toju ovoixdroiv, ots o voixo'^ TTjV ayîcTTeiav BC-

ScocTL ; /cat oVws fxr] iKelvo ipei<;, ort e/x6s aSeXrîSous.

ov yap TTepl tov e/xou Kkrjpov vvv o \.6yo<^ iorTi- t/o yap.

et 8'171^ ctTTai? eyat TeTe\evTrjKCL><; Kal T^fx^Lcrl^yJTei tojp

ifjLcov, TOVTO av TTpocrrjKoi aTTOKpivaadai ipcoTOJixeuco.

vvv 8e (f)rj^ T(ov 'Ayviov y^prjiJidTOiv to rjyîKkrjpiov elvau

TOV TTaiSos' Selhjo are t^s dy^tcrretas, o rt d Trat? 'AyvCa.

7TpoaT]K€L, TO yevo<s elTTeLV. (jipdcrov ovv rovTOiai.

6 AlaOdvea-de on ovk eêt tt^v (rvyyeveiav elnelv, dWdiTOKpiverai irdvTa jxaXXov rj 6 Set ixaOelv Vfxds. KaiTOi

TOV ye TTpdTTovTd TL SiKaiov ov TTpocrrJKev diropelv dXk*

evdv^ \eyeiv, /cat /at^ pôvov tovto Troielv, dXXa /cat

hiOfJivvo-OaL Kal tov yevov; Trapeyecrdai papTvpla'?, iva

pdXXov dv eTTidTeveTO v(j) vixcov. vvv 8' e^' otg diro-

Kpicriv ov SeScoKev, ov pdpTvpa<i 7rapeo-)(eTo, ov)^ opKov

ojpoaev, ov v6p.ov dveyvojKev, otcTat Selv vpd<s, op^copo-

KOTa^s \lfr)(f)Le2a0ai, /caTa tov<; vopovs, avTw TretOopevov^;

epov KaTayvoivai TavTTjV ttjv elcrayyeXiav irapd tov^

vopov^' ovTO) crjêVXto? Kat cti'atS')}? dv0p(jj7T6<; iaTLV.

7 aX\' OVK eyo) ttoluJctoj tovtcov ovSev, dXXd Kal to yevo<;

ipco Tovpov Kal 66ev pot TrpocrrjKei T7J<? KXrjpovopiaq, Kal

TOV nalSa e7rt8et^&> Kal tovs TrpoTepov ap(f)i(T/3r}Ty]a-avTa<;

ipol TOV KXrjpov 7rdvTa<i e^cn Trj<; dy^LaTeia<; ovTa<;, ojcrO'

vpds opoXoyelv. avdyKT) 8' eVTtt' e^ ^PXV"^'^^ crvpê-

firjKOTa elirelv e/c tovtcov yap yvaJaea-Oe ttjv Te iprjv

dy\i(TTelav koX oVt toi;toi9 ovBev irpocrriKei Trj<i KXrjpo-

vopia^.

8 'Eyw yap Kat 'Ayvtag, cu az^Spe?, Kat Ev^SovXtSy;? Kat

'^TpaTOKXrj<; Kal %TpaTio<^ 6 Trjq 'Ayvlov prjTpog dSeXcf)6q

i^ dvexjjLMv ecrpev yeyovoTe<;' Kal yap ol iraTepes 'qpcov

'^crav dvexjJLol eK TraTpaSeXffjojv. 'Ayvia<; ovv, oTe eKTrXelv

4



ISAEOS. 133

Trape(TK€vd^€TO vpeafievcrcov inl ravra? ras Trpctêt? at

Trj TToXeL (TviJi(f)€p6vTco? €l)(ov, ovK i<() Tjfjup Tots iyyvTCTayevov;, el tl TrdOoi, to. ovra KarekiTrev, aXX' i-n-OLyjcraTo

Ovyaripa avTov dheXcfaSyji'' el Se tl /cat avrrj Trddoi,

VXavKOivi Ta ovTa eStSov, aSeX^w ovti ofxoiJirjrpLa)' /cat

TavT ev SiaO-JKais iueypaxjje. -y^povoiv he hiayevofxevoiv 9

/tera ravra reXevra yuev EuySovXtSi^?, reXevra S' 7^ 6vyd~

rr)p y^v inoLTJaaTo 'Kyvia^, Xajx/Sdvet Se tov KXrjpov

TXavKCtiv /caret tt^v SiadrjKrju. Ty/xeis S' ov vdjTroT tj^ki)-

cra/xef djJLffucr/SrjTrjcraL 7rpo9 ra? eKeivov Sta^r^/ca?, ctXX'

(oofxeOa helv irepX rcov avTôv tyjv eKeivov yvu)ixiqv eTvai

Kvptav, /cat TOVTOi<; iveixeuo[jieu. rj 8' ^v/SovXiSov Ovyd-

TTfp joterct TOJi' avTT] ctvixttpajTovTOiv Xay^dvei tov KXrjpov

KoX Xafx^dvec VLKrjcraaa tov^ Kara Trjv SiaOiJKyjv a/x<^tcr-

firjrrjcrapTa'?, eô) fxeu ovcra Trj<5 dyîaTeiaq, eXTricracra 8',

&)5 eoiKev, rjixd<i irpo'^ avTrjv ovk at'rtSt/CT^cretv, ort ovSe

Trpos ra? SLa6rJKa<5 7]ix(jiLcrl3rjTTJ(TaiJL€P. Tyyitets 8e, eyo; 10

Kat ^rpartos /cat 'trpaTOKXrjs;, eVetSv) rot? eyyvrara ye-

vov<s eyeyevy]TO CTTtot/cos d KXrjpo';, napecrKevdôvTO d-

7ravTe<; Xay^dveLV irplv 8e yeveaOai ra? Xi^êts tojz/

St/cajz^ T^/xtj^ reXevTa jxeu 6 ^r/jarto?, reXevrct 8' d Sxyoaro-

KXrj<;, XetTTOjLtat 8' eycj /^tdzô? rcut' irpos Traryods cjz/ dvexjJLOv

7rat5, w ixouo) Kara tov'^ vofiovs eylyvero r^ KXrjpovoixia,

rrdvTcov rjhr] tcov aXXwz^ eKXeXonroTOiv, ot ravrov ijxol rrj

(TvyyeueCa TrpocrrJKovTe'^ ervyâvov. tm Se yvajcrecrê i t

Tods', drt e/xot jitei' dy^tcrreuetv, rot? 8*el' eKetvoiv yeyo-

vocnv OVK rjv, ev ol<i ovto^ 6 Tratg tjv ; avrds d v6iio<^

hr]X(x)(rei. to fxev yap elvau Trjv dy^LCTTeiav avexpLol'g

17/305 Trarpdgl^-^XP'' ^^^'Atwi^ TraiSajv 6p.oXoye2TaL irapd

TrdvTiov el Se /xe^' 7}/xas StSojcrt rots i^jxeTepoL'; Tratcrt,



134 SELECTIONS.

TovT -^drj (TKeTTTeov icrTL. Aa^Se ovu avTols tov poixou

Kol avayivoiCTKe.

NOMOS. 'Eay Se firjBehfj

irpo'i 7raTpc,<i fie'^^pt, dve-îaiv

Traihwv, Tov<i irpb^ jxrjrpu'i Kvplov^ elvat Kara to. avrd.

12 'A/covere, w avSpe^, on 6 voixo9eTrj<^ ovk etTrev, idi'

fjLrjSels Tj TTpo<p Trarpos l^^XP^ dvexpLcou TracSaJV, tovs rdv

duexpLaScov etvaL KvpCovs, dXkd dneScoKe to2<; Trpo? fxyjTpo^

TOV rekevTrj(Tavro<i, av rjfxel<^ jxr) cofxev, rryi^ KX-qpovo[Xiau

TjBrj, dSeXôt? /cat dSekfjiOL^ koI Tratcrl rot? tovtcov koI

Tot? aXXots, Kara ravrd KaOdnep kol i^ dp)(rjq r)v vrr-

€Lpy]ix€U0V' Tous 8e T^jxeTepovq TratSa? e^co ri^g^yX''~

crTeia<i iiroLTjO'ev. ot? oe /xiy8' "et ical rereXevrT^/cco? t^z^

iyd)''^ hihoicriv 6 v6[xo<; riqv KyvLov KkripovoiJitav, ttw?

ep.ov re ôjvtos /<at Kara tov^ vojxov^ €)(opto<; oCovTai

13 avTot? el^-at t?}z^ dyx^cTTeiav ; ouSa/AoJ? Stj-rrovOev. dXXd

firjv el ToijTOL^ [xtj [xeTeaTLv, d)v ol Trareyoe? 'hxvTov ifxol

TTpocrrJKOu, ouSe tovto) tm vratSt yiyverai' /cat yap o

Tourov TraTrjp d/xotws 17^' e/cetiôt? crvyyevrj<;. ovk ovv

SeLvou e/xot jxep hLdpprjSyjppvTCt) tcov voixwv SeSco/coroj^'

T-))!^ KXrjpovop.Lav, TOvrov<i 8' e^cu t')7? ay;)(tcrTetag ireTTOiy)-

k6t(x)V, ToX[xdv TOVTOvl (TVKocfiavTeLv, Koi hlay(liVLcraa9ai

[xep, TjPLhc iyd) tov KXrjpov Trjv Slktjv iXdyxo^vov, prj

o'UaOai heiv jjbrjSe irapaKaTaâXXeiv, ov irepl TOiv toiov-

T(jiv et Tt SiK0.LOP el)(€i' enrelv StayvcoaOrjpaL irpocrrJKev,

inl 8e TOV TratSo? oPOfiaTt vpayfiaT e/xot Trapeêti^ /cat

[4 TTept T(ov pbey'icTToyv et? Kti^Svzôt' /ca(9tc^ra^'at ; /cat Trept

jLte?^ Tc5v oixoXoyovjxivoiV elvai tov 7rat8o? ^yOTy/xaroji^ fxrjK

atxtacrât ju,e, ja^ryS' C05 rt etXr^câ e^êtt' elirelv (icf)' oh, eh

Tt avrwt' Ka/ccus 8tw/cow (Zcnrep ovTO<i, KpivecrOai p.0L



ISAEOS. 135

TrpocrrJKev), a 8' Vjaets e/AO, ett'at ixpr](f}Lcra(T0e, tw ôv\o-

e/xot rotovrou? ctycuiâs TTapacrKevdlfi.iv Kal ets rouro

avai(T)(yvTia^ TjKeLv; ^

Oto/xat /xez^ ou^* /cat ifc twi^ tîSt^ elpiqiJiivwv yiyv(!>- 15

(TKecrOai vpXv otl ovt ctSiKw rot' TratSa ouSef out' evo^6<s

eljJLL ravrais rat? atrtats ovSe Kara puKpov en Se aKpi-

îcrrepov y]yov[xai Kal Ik tcHv akXcuu O/xag piadrjcreaOai

KaX rrjv ijxrjv eVtSt/cacrtW, cog yiyuvev, aKOvcravTas irepX

avTwv. ijjiol yap, (o dvSpe?, Xa-ôvTi tov Kkiqpov rrjv

OLKTjv ovTe .ovTps o vvv ifxk elcrayyekXcov coijBr] delu

TrapaKaTaâXkeiv VTrep tov 7ratSo5, ovTe 01 SrparLOV

TratSes ol ravro tw TracSl TrpocriJKovTes, ovre Sl dXko

ovSep avTols ifOfiLlôp TrpocrrjKeLV tovtcjv rdv -^rjjjidTcop'

eTrel ouS' ay ovto<s vvv ijxol vpdy[xara Trapelêv, el ra 16

TOV 7ratSo9 eLo)v dp7rdt,eiv koX p.rj 'qvavTLOVjjLTjv avT(o.

ovTOL fxev ovv, (xJCTTTep eiTTOv, etSore? on e^co rjaav T7J<;

dy\i(JTeia'i, ovk 'ii]jji(j)L(Tl3rjTovv dXX.' 'qcrv)(îav eiyôv 01 8'

VTTep Trj<i Ey/SouXtSou 6vyaTp6<; 7rpdTT0VTe<?, Trjg to avTO

Stfcatws roj XTpaTLOV TratSl Trpoar)KOV(Tr]<;, kol ol Kvpioi

Trj<; 'Ayvlov [xrjTpos y)crav oloC re tt/jo? e[xe avTcSiKelv.

els TocravTaq S' diropLas KaTeaTrjcrav o tl avTLypaxjJcovTai 17

Tvepl T175 ay^to'Tetas, coVre 17 [xev tov KXrjpov eôvo'a kol

ol keyovTe<; to Trepl avTrj} KaTexjjevcravTO,

paSicos vTf ijjiov TOTe e^rfkeyÔrjcrav ovk dkrjOes tl

ypdxjjai ToXjj.yjaavTe'i, ol S' virep T179 'Ayvcov p-rjTpos,

yevei fiev e/x,ot rauro 7rpo(Tr]Kovar]<; {dSeX(f)rj yap iqv tov

%TpaTLOv) v6[xa> 8e dTroKkeLOfxevqii, 6? KeXevei KpaTetv

Tovs dppeva<;, tovto jxev elacrav, olopevot o ip-ov irXeo-

veKTujcreiv prjTepa elvai tov TeXevTijcTavTos eypa\jjav' o

crvyyevecTTaTOv fiev "qv Trj (jivcrei ndvTOJV, iv oe rats



136 SELECTIONS.

1 ay^tcTTetats oiJLo\oyov[JLevoj<; ovk eanv. etra '"ypdxjjaq

dvexjjLOv TTatSas''" eTuai, KaKeiva^ i^TJXeyâ ovk ovcras iv

Tat? dY)(LcrTeLaL<i. ovtcos iirehiKacrdixjiqv irap vfjuv, koI

avTcou OVK Lcrxvcre tl ovre rfj rov Kkrjpov ixovcrr} to

TTpovevLKTjKeuai Tov^ Kara hiaOrjKTjv d[JL(f)Lcrj3r)Ty](ravTa<;,

ovTe TTj irepa to firjrepa elvai tov top KXrjpov Kara-

XtTTOJ'TO?, dW OVTCOq ol TOTE StKCtÔl'TeS Koi TO SiKatOV

/cat Tov<s opKov<? Trepl ttoXXov iirovqcravTO, war ip.oL rco

Kara tov<s vofxovq dixî(T^y]T0Vvri Trju xjjyjcfioi' rjveyKav,

19 KaiTOL el Tas (xev veviK-qKa tovtov rov rponov, eVtSetâ?

[X7]Sev Âyvia Kar dyîa-reiav 7rpocrr]Kovaa<5, ovro<; Be

[XT} eroXp/rjcrev duTLSiKYjcraL r<2 TratSt rov ri\LiKkr)piov

7rpo<; rjixd<;, ol Se "^rparCov TratSe? ot TavTov rovrco irpoar-

rjKOvre'i fxrjSe vvv dîovaiv dvriBiKrjcrai 7rp6<; e/xe Trepl

avTOJv, eô) S' iyco rov KXrjpov eTnSLKacrdjxevo<; Trap vfjuv,

eêXeyô) Se rovrov jx-qheTTOi koL rrjêpov eôvr elnelv 6

n 6 TTai? 'Ayvia TrpocrrjKei Kar dy^Lcrreiav, rC ere Set

fxaOelv vjxd'^ 7} ri iroOelre a/covcrat 77ept rovroiv ; eyoi

fxev yapco<; ev (jipovovcnv

vfJuv iKava rd elprjixevavoytîtfii.

III. nEPI TOY KIPQNOI KAHPOY.

§§ 1-42.

'EttI Tots TotouTOt?, (xi ai^Sper, dvdyK-q ecrrl ;)(aXe77W5

(f)epeLV, orav rLve<; [xrj fiovov roJv dXXorpicov a/x^tcr/Sr^-

Teii' roXjXMCTLV, dXXd Kal rd e/c rcov vojjlojv St/cata Tot?

o'(f)erepoL<; avrcuv Xoyot? d(f)avLtêLV eXTrit^waiv onep kol

vvv ovroi TTOieZv eyêLpovari. rov yap r^jierepov ndir-

TTOV K.ipoivo^crat'T09, aXX' Toyotas

eK Ovyarpoq avrov yviqcriaf; TrarSa? avrio KaraXeXoLiroros,

ovroL re rov KXijpov Xay^dvovdiv coq iyyvrdro) yevov<5



ISAEOS.

ovres, TJfxa'i re v/BpCôvcnv ws ovk i^ ^Ketvov GvyaTp6<;

6vra<i, ouSe yeuoixeur)'; avT(o Trconore to Trapdirav. at- 2

TLov 8e row raura Trotett' avrows ecrrti' 7; rovrwi^ irkeov-

e^ta, TO Te 7r\r}0o<; tcou ')(p'r)iJidTO)u (hv Kipcou [xeu

KaraXeXoLTTeu, ovtol S' e-ôvcrt îacrdp.evoi kol Kparovcri'

KaX To\p.(ocriv a/xa p^kv \eyeiv cJ? ovêv KaTaXeXoLireu

iK€LUo<s, dpa Se iroieicrOai tov KXrjpov rrju dp(f)Lo-fiy]-

TTjcriv. rrjv pev ovv Kptcnv ov Set poi vopit,eiv eTuac 3

ravTifju 7rp6<s rov eik'qôra tov Kkijpov rrjv Slktjv, dXXd

TTyOos AiOKXea tov OXvea, tov ÔpeaTrjv iTTLKaXovpevoV

ovTo<; ydp icTTiv o tovtov 7rapacrKevdaa<; irpdypaff

Tjplv irapvêiv, d-rrocTTepwv to. -^njpaTa d Kipcov 6

TTdmTO<; diroOvrjCTKcov KaTtXirrev, rjplv 8e tovtov^ tov<;

KLvhvvov<5 eTrdyoiv, iva prjSev ctTToStSw toutco^', idv

vp€L<; iânaTrjdrJTe TreicrdevTes viro tojv tovtov Xoyojv-

Set St) tovtov TocavTa prjâviopivov irdvO' vpd<i Ta 4

TTeirpaypdva paOelv, Iva prj^kv dyvorja'avT€<; tojv ye-

yevrjpevcov dXXd cracfjojs etSoTes nepl avTcov ovTa)<s

iveyKTjTe ttjv y\irj<ôv. et Ttvt ovv koX dXXrj ttcuttotc

St/cTy 7rpo(T€cr)(eTe dKpL/Bco<s tov vovv, Seopac vpcov koX

TavTy TTpocreêLV d/xotcu?, ojcnrep kol to SuKaLov icTTi.

TToXXoiv Se hiKojv iv Tfj_ TToXec yevopevcov ovSeves dvai-

SeaTepov tovtov ovSe KaTa(f>avecrT€pov dvTLrroL-qadpevoi

(âvrjcrovTai tov aXXoTpiov. ecTTL pev ovv âXeirov, o 5

avSpeq, Trpos Trapao-zceuas Xoyov Kat papTvpa<; ov

TdXrjdyj papTvpovvTas et? dyova KdOiaTaaOai Trepu

TrjXLKovTov, TTavTanaaLV aTreLpoq eyovTa SiKaaTrjpLov'

ov prjv dXXd TToXXas eXTTtSas e)(o Kat irap vpov Tev-

êadat tov hiKaiov /cat p^XP'' 7^ ^°^ ^^ St/cata elirecv

KOL avTos dpKovvTo^ ipelv, dv prj tl crvp^rj tolovtov

o vvv VTT ipov Tvy^dvei TrpoaSoKopevov. oeopai ovv



138 SELECTIONS.

vjxc^v, (o dvSp€<;, [xeT evP0La<5 re (xov aKovcrat, Kav

rjhiKrja-OaL So/cw, j3or)0^craL (jlol to, StVata.

6 UpojToi/ ix€v ovv, (o<; rjv 7) f^rjTrjp rj '^7y Ktpwvo?

6vy(XTr]p yprjcFia, iniêiôi tovto vjxlv, to, jxeu irakai

yeyevTjiJiivcK Xoyojv aKofj kol [xapTvpcov, ra S' wcrre /cat

p.vy]ixoveve(jdai, toIs etSocrt ^pa>ix€.vo<^ jJidpTvcrLV, ctl Se

reKixrjpLOL'? a KpeiTTCo tcou jxapTvpLcou icmv' eVftSat' Se

ravTa (jiupepa, KaracrTrjcro), tcO* oj? koX KXrjpovojJLeiu

fxdkXou ri'xlv -q tovtov irpoanJKei tcou Kl/dcuvo? -xprjixd-

T(0V' oOev ovv TjpâvTo vepl avTiov, ivrevdeu v/xa? Kaycj

vretpacro/i-at otoacr/cetv-

y 'O yap Trdmro'? o e/xo9, w dv^pe^;, Kupcov eyr}{jL€

Tr)v ifxrjv TTjdiqv ovcrav dvexfjudu, i^ aSeX^T75 rrj'; avTov

fjLyjT.pos avT-qu yeyevqixeprjV' iKeiviq fxkv ovv avvoLKij-

aracra ov noXvv ^povov, TeKovcra avT(p tyjv ijjirjv jxy}-

ripa, [xerd ivLavTov<; '"recrcrayoa?""' top jBiov irekevTrjcrev

6 Ss TrdTTTTO^; fxids ixovr)'^ ovarr^q cwtco Ovyaurpb^; Xa/x-

/BdveL TrdXiv ttjv Aio/cXeous dêXtpijv, i^ rj<; avTM lyiy-

veor6y]v view hvo. koi eKeivrjv re eTpe<ê irapa Trj

8 yvvaiKi kol jaera tcov i^ iK€.ivq<; TraiScov, eKeCvov t6 ert

i,coPT(ov, eTrel avvoLKeiv eT)(êp rfXiKiap, iKhihoicnv avTrjv

NavcrtjaeVet XoXapyel, avp Ipârioi^ kol ^pv(Tioi<; uePTe

KOL eiKOCTi jxvd<; eVtSoi;?. /ca/cetiô? [xev Tpialv i) TeTTap-

(Tiv cTeo'L Ltem ravra Kdfxvojv dnodprjCTKeL, rrpiv avTco

yepeaOat vratSa? e'/c tt]? 'jfjierepas ixr]Tp6'g' 6 Se vdmro^

KO[JLLcrdixepo<; avTijv, kol ttji^ irpolKa ovk diroXaficov ocrrjv

eScoKE 8ia T-QP Navcrt/xeVov? dtropiap tcop irpayixaTcop,

TrdXiP eKStScoort tm e/xw rrarpX koX ^LXia<^ 8pa)(/xa9 irpoiK

Q eTTihihoxTi. TavTi 8>) irdpTa Trpos Ta<; atrta? a? pvv

ovTOL Xiyovcn ttws dv tl<^ Setfete yeyevqixipa (jâpepox;;

iya> (prjTcop iêvpov. dvdyKr) Trjp ifirjp fxrjrepa, etre uv-



ISAEOS. 139

ydrrjp rjv Kipcovos eire jxij, kol el Trap' iKetvo) hcrjTaTo

17 ov, KoX ydiJLov<; el Strrou? vvep raurr/s elcniacrev rj

fXTj, Koi irpoiKa rjVTivct e/carepo? eV avTrj tcov yr]p,dvroiv

eXaê, irdvTa ravra elhivai tov<^ ot/cera? /cat ra? Oepa-

Traiva.<i as eKelvos eKeKTTjTO. ôvXafxevos ovu rrpos tols 10

vndpôvcri pidpTVcnv eXeyyôv eK /Baadvcou TTOirjaacrOai

Trepl avTcou, Iva fiaXXov avTols TricrTevrjTe fir] [xeXXovau

ScocreLv eXeyôv aXX.' 17817 8eSw/coo"t irepX cou fxapTvpovcn,

TovTovs Tjîovv eKhovvai rds OepaTraivas /cat rovs ot/cera?

TTCpl re TovTOiv Ka\ vepl tcoi^ dXXcou dndi'Tcov oaa rvy;)(a-

vovai crwetSore?. ovros S' o vvp vfjids dqioicroiv rots 11

avTov fjidprvcrc TncrTeveiv e(f)vye rrju jSdaavou. KatVot

et (âvrjcreTai ravra noLrjcraL fxr] 9eXr) eras, ri vrroXeiTrerai

Tot5 eKeivov p-dprvcnv rj SoKelu vvvl rd xpevSrj {xaprvpelu,

ro-urov rrfkiKovrov eXeyôv 7re(l}evy6ros ',eyoj fxeu ot/xat

ovSeV. 'AXXa firjif w? dXrjOrj Xeyo), XajSe [loi Trpojrov

ravrrju rrjv fxaprvpiav koX dvdyvoiOi. [MAPTYPIA.]

'Tjaet5 iêv rotvvv koX tSta Kat oiqiiocria fBdcravov 12

aKpLJSecrrarov eXeyôv vop-Liêre' Kat onorav oovXot, Kat

iXevOepoi rrapayevcovrai Kat 8e?7 evpeOrjvai n raiv (,7]rov-

p.evo)v, ov -^prjade ra?? rajy eXevOepcou fxaprvpiais, aXXa

rovs hovXovs âcravitpvres ovro) [jjrelre evpelv nqv

dXriOeLav rojv yeyevqfievoiv. etKoVws, (h avopes' avvLcrre

yap ort roiv pev paprvpr](jdvro)v rjhrj rives eoogau ov

rdXrjdrj paprvprjcrai, rcov Be âcravicrdevroiv ovoeves

TTcoTTore e^-qXey^Q-qaav (os ovk dXr)6rj ck roji' âo-apcou

elrrovres. ovros S' o irdvroiv dvaicr)(yvr6raros avupcjTTOJV 13

Xoyois nenXao'pevoLs Kat pdprvcriv ov rdX-qOrj paprv-

povaiv a^tojcret Tno-reveiv vpds, (fievycop ovrcos aKpi/SeLS

iXeyxovs ; dXX' ov^ rjpels, dXXd irporepov vrrep rcuv

paprvpr}6-r]<Tea9ai peXXovrcav dîcocravre^ els âcrauovs



I40 SELECTIONS.

iXOelu, TovTOV Se (f)evyovTo<i, ovt(o<; olrjcroixeOa Belv

vixas Toi'; rjfJieTepoLS jxapTvcn Tria-Teveiv. AaySe ovv

auTOtg TavTacri ra? /xaprv/ota? KaX dudyfcoOv. [MAPTYPIAI.]

14 Ttiâ? eiK09 etSeWt rd TiaXaux; SrjXov otl tovs XP^~

fxeuov? rw TrdTnro). ^leâprvprjKaai rotvvv aKorju ovtol.

rivals elSepuL rd irepl ttjv eKSocnv Trj^ pi'r^Tpo'i dvdyKT);

Tov<s iyyvrjcraixeuov? /cat tovs eKeivoLS TrapovTa^ ore

'qyyvcovTO' jxejxapTvpTJKacn toivvv ol re Navort/xeVous

TTpoo'rJKovTe^ KoX ol Tov ifJLOv vaTpos. TiV6<; Se ol rpe-

(f)0[xei>r)v evhov koX Ovyarepa ovcrav etSore? yvrjcriav

'Kipo)vo<^; ol vvv dix(f)La-/3r)TovuTe'? ^PJV ^0M^p<^'i fxapTV-

povcTLV OTL TavT ecTTiv dXrjOrj, (êvyovre^ tyjv /Sdcravou.

ware ov BtJttov rots rjixerepoLS cw aTrtcm^cratre et/corajs,

dWd TToXv ixdWou rots tq-utojv fidpTvcnv.

15 'Hju-et? roivvv koX ak\a TeKjxrjpia rrpos TorJTOL^ expfMev

etTretv, Iva yvwcreaOe otl Ik 0vyaTp6<; r)iJi€L<i Ktpcuvos

icrixeu. ota yap cIkos '''iraihoiv vlioiv' i^ iavTov Ovyarpo^,

ovBeircoTTOTe dvaiau dvev rjixiov ovBejXLav irroCrjcreUy dXX

el re yuKpd ei re [xeydXa Ovoi, iravTaôv TraprjfJLev T^jaet?

Kol (Twedvofxev. kol ov [xovov et? ret roiavTO. TrapeKa-

XovjxeOa, ctXXct kol et? Atojûcrta ets dypbv rjyev del rjiid^,

16 Kol [xer eKEiuov re eOeopovixev KaOrjixepoL Trap avTOV,

/cat Tct? eoprcts rjyoixev Trap eKelvov Tracras* toj Att re

dvoiv TO) KTr]ai(p, Trepl rjv p.d\i(TT eKelvo'i dvcrtav

e(TTTOvBat,e /cat ovre BovXovi Trpocrrjyev ovre eXevOepov^

66veiov<;, aXX' ai5ro9 8t* eavTov TrdvT eTTOiei, ravrr]'?

T^jLtets eKOivcovovixev /cat ra tepa crvveyêipovpyovixev Kat

crvveTreTideixev /cat raXXa avveTroiovixev, /cat rjvêTO 7)[juu

vyieiav StSofat Kat KTrjaiv dyaO-qv, cocTrep elK0<^ oj'ra

T 7 TTdmrov. Katroi el firj 0vyaTpLSov<; T^jact? ev6ixit,ev elvat

/cat p.6vov<; eKyopovs ecopa XotTTOUs KaraXeXetjU-jaeVovs



ISAEOS.'

141

auTft), ovK av ttotc cTTOtft TovTO)v ovha^, dWa toVS' dv

avT(o TrapcaTaTO, os aSeX^tSovs avTOV vvv u,vai (jirjai.

/cat Tavff oTi dXrjOrj iravT iartv. aKpLêarTara fx^v ol

Tov Trdmrov 6epdTT0VTe<i Lcracriv, ovs ovto'S irapahovvai

eis l^daavov ovk rjOikqcrev, Lcraai Se TreptcfiavdcrTaTa koI

TO)V eKeivo) -^pojixdvoiv rtues, ov? irapiôyiai fxdpTvpa^;. Kat

/AOt Xaê ra? p.apTvpiaq koI dvdyvcoOL. [MAPTYPIAI.]

Ov TOIVVV e/C TOVTOiV SrjXoV icTTL jMOVOV OTL rjV TJfXCOl' 18

7) lJiy]Tr]p OvydTiqp yvrjcTLa Kipcovos, dXkd /cat e^ û 6

TTaTrjp TjfJicov eirpaê /cat i^ dtv at yviât/ce? at Toiv Srjfjio-

Tojv nrepi avT7J<s iyiyvcocrKOP. ore yap 6 naTr/p avTTjv

eXct/xySai/e, yd/jiovs elcTTLacre /cat e/cctXecre rpets azJrov

^tXov9 /AeTa Twi' avrou npocrrjKovTCJv, rotg re (fipdropat

yayiiqXiav elaiQveyKe Kara rov<; eKeiucov vojjlov^. at re 19

yui'at/ce? at tcov SrjjjiOTcov pLerd Tavra rrpovKpivav avrr^v

p.crd Trj'^ Ato/cXeov9 yvvaiKoq tov TliTdi(i)<i apyêiv elq ra

@ecrpo(f)6pLa Kal iroieiv ra vopitppeva ju-er' iKeivrj<;. 6

re TTarrjp rjpoiv, iiretS^ iyev6p.e6a, et? tov^ (f)pdTopa<;

T^jota? elayjyoLyev, 6p.6aa% /caret rov<i v6p.ov<; rof9 /cet/xe-

V0V9 tJ /u-'))i' e^ dcrTrj<i koI iyyvy]Trj<; yvpaLKO<s eladyeiV

Tojv Se <f)paT6po)v ouSet? dpTei-rrev ouS' rjp^^KT^rjTrjcre prj

OVK dXyjOrj ravT etj'at, ttoXXoji' ovtchv /cat aKpifico'; rd

TOtavra o-Konovpevcou- kolItoi pt) oiecrO av, el TOLavrrj 20

Tt9 ijt' tJ prjTTjp ripoiv oiav ovtol (f)aai, ptjr av tov

TTaTepai^pcov

ydpov<;kcTTidv koI yap.rj\iav elcreveyKetv,

dWd dTTOKpvxjjacrdaL TavTa irdvTa, prjTe ras tc^v aXXcov

BrjpoTOiV yvvalKa^ alpelcrOai dv avTiqv avvLepoTroieiv Trj

AlokX€OV<; yvvaiKl /cat Kvpiav TroieZv lepcov, aXX efepa

dv TLVL Trepl tovtojv eTTtrpeVetv, piJTe tov<; <^paTopa<;

elcrSexecrOaL yjpds, dXkd KaTrjyopelv /cat e^'^Xeyêti^, et

/jti} TrdvToOev tjv opoXoyovpevov ttjv prjTepa rjpojv elvau



142 SELECTIONS.

OvyaTepa yvqcriav KCpcovoq- vvv 8e rfj TTepi(j)aveia tov

TTpdyjxaTo<; koI tco crvveLhivai ravra ttoXXovs ovoapioOev

'qiJL(j)L(T/3r]Tr]9r) tolovtoi^ ovSeV. Kal Tav9' oj? dXrjOrj

Xeyo), KoiXei tovtcov tov^ fidpTvpas- [MAPTYPE2.]

21 "Etl TOivvv, CO duSpe'?, koI i^ wv 6 A.LOKXrj<; enpa-

êv ore T^jxcoy 6 TrdTnro'g ireXevTrjcre yvcovai pd'Biov otl

coiJLoXoyovjjieda elpat dvyaTpiôZ Kcpajpo^;. rjKov ydp

iyco KO[XLov[JLei'o<; avTou w? Odxjjcoy Ik Tr]<; oiKiaq Trj<;

ilxavTov, Tcop ijxavTov oiKeiojv Tivd ^xoiv, dvexpiov tov

Trarpos" koI Ato/cXea [xep ov KareXa/Bov evSov, elcreXddiv

22 Se elcyoi KoixiêLP olo<i tjv, e^^cjv tov<; oi(jovTa<i. heoixeviq<^

Se Trj<i TOV TrdTTTTov yvvaiKo<i eK Trj<; oIkio.'^ avTov eKeivr]<i

OdTTTCLV, KoX Xeyovcrrj^ otl (BovXoit dv avTT) to crcoixa to

eKeCvov crvjJLixeTa-êLp[i,ecr9av /xe^' TjfjLOJV Kai KocrfxyjaaL,

Kol TavTa t/cereuoucTT^? /cat KXaiovcrrj<^, i7reia'9r)v, co

dpSpe<;, KoX TOVTO) 7rpocreX9a)P jxapTvpcov IvavTiov elirou

OTL ivTev9eu TroLrjcrofxaL ttjp Ta(j)y]u' SeSerjixeur) ydp etrj

23 ravra iroLeLU 17 tovtov doeXcfyrj. kol ravra Aio/cXt^?

a/covcra? ovSev dvTeiirev, dXXd koX i(i)pr]a'9aL tl tcou et?

Trjv Taffirjv, twv Se dppa^cova SeSw/ceVat ovto<; cjidcrKCou

ravra rjîov nap* ijxov Xa/Belu, kol OLCop.oXoyqcraTo tojp

fieu riyopacrfxepcDi' rt/xTyz^ aTToXa/Beiv, (hv 8e dppa^coua

eâcTKe SeSw/ceiât, crvcrTrjcraL tov^ XaôvTo.^. ev6v<;

ow TovTO 7rape(j)9eyyeTo, w? ovS' otlovu eur] K[pcou /cara-

XeXotTTOj?, ovSeVa Xoyop ifxov ttoj TTOLovfxepov vepl tcop

24 eKeivov -vprjfxdTOJV. /catrot el jxrj -qv 9vyaTpihov<^ Ktpo)-

vo<^, ovK dv ravra StcojotoXoyetro, aXX' eKeivov^; dv tov<^

X6yov<; eXeye, crv 8e rt? el; aol Se rt Trpoo-qKei 9dTTTeiv;

ov yiyvoiCTKCii ere' ov jxtj etcret ets ttjv oiiaav. ravr

elnelv TrpocrrJKev, d irep vvv eTepov; iriireLKe Xeyeiv. vvv

Se TOLOvTov ixev ovSei^ CLTrev, ei? ecu Se Tapyvpiov cKeXevev



ISAEOS. 143

lelcreveyKelv. Kat ravra w? dXyjOrj Xeyco, KoXet jitot tov-

T(ov tot)? ixdpTvpa<;. [MAPTYPE^.]

Ov TOivvv eKelvo^ [x6vo<;, ctXX' ovoe o vvv diKâcr^rj- 25

TO^V TOV KkrjpoV TOLOVTOV CLTTei' OVoiv, d\X* VTTO TO'UTOV

TrapaaKevacrdel'^ diJi(f)Lcrl3y]T€L. KaKeCvov to fxeu Trap*

ifjiov KOfiicrOeu dpyvpiov orK iOeXtjaavToq dTToXajBelv,

Trapd TovTov 8' diTeikrj<l)ivai Tjj vcTTepaia ^d(jKovTO^,

ovK iKOjXvojxrjp crvvddiTTeiv dWa rrdvra crvpenoLovv ovv

OTTWS TOvSe dpaXCcTKOvTo^ ovSe Ato/cXeov?, aW i^ Stv

iKeLvo<s KaTeXiTTe yiyvo^xevoiv tcov et? avTov dvaXoin-droiv.

KaiToi Kai TovT(p TTpocrrJKev, el fjirj TrdTnroq 'qv jjiOL Kipov, 26

(oOelu Koi iK/SdXXeLv koI KcoXveiv crvvOdTTTeiv. ovhlv yap

ojxoiov rjv fxoL npos tovtov iyco [xev yap etoju avTov

doeX<f)Lôvv ovTa tov TrdTnrov TavTa Trdvra avixnoLeiu,

TovTOi S' e/x' ov TTpocrrjKev idv, elirep dXrjOrj Tavra î^

airep vvv Xiyeiv ToX/xc3crty. aA.A.' ovTOi rfj tov Trpdy/xa- 27

T0<; dXr}9eLa KaTeTreirXyjKTO, ojctt ovS inl tov '''fivrjixaTOS''

ifjiov TToiovpîvov Xoyovq, /cat KaTrjyopovi/Tos Ato/c\eov?

on ra ^prjp.aTa auocrTepcoi^ tovtoi^ pot TreireLKeu dp(f)Lcr-

^TjTeiv, OVK eToXpyjae ypvât to rrapdirav ovêv ovS'

eiTreiv d vvv ToXpd Xiyeiv. Kal Tavd' oti dXrjOrj Xeyco,

KaXei poL tovtcjv Tov<i pdpTvpa<;. [MAPTYPE2.]

HoOev )(prj TTLcrTevecr6ai m elprjpeva; ovk Ik tcov 2 S

papTvpiojv ; oTpai ye. iroOev 8e tov'^ pdpTvpa<; ; ovk

CK TQJV âcrdvojv; clko? ye. TroOev8'

dina-Telv rot?

TovTOiv Xoyois ; ovk e/c tov <f)evyeiv tov<; eXeyôus;

dvdyKT) peydXr). irois ovv dv rt? cra(êcrTepov eVtSetête

yvrja-Cav ovcrav OvyaTepa KLp(i>vo<; Ttjv prjTcpa ttjv iprjv

rj TOVTOV TOV TpoTTOv imSeLKVuSy TCt)V pev TToXaicov dKorjv 29

papTvpovvTcov 7rape)(6pevo<;, tcov oe ert ^cjvtov tov^

etSora? e/cacrra tovtcov, o* crvvySecrav nap' e/cetVw rpe-



144 SELECTIONS.

^0[iivy]v, Ovyaripa voixLôfxevrjv, his i-KhoOelcrav, St?

iyyvr)6e'L(rav, ert 8e Trepl irdvTOiv tovtovs jSdaavov i^

OLKeraju Treêvyora?, ol raura iravTa ySecrav ; eyojye fxd

Toijs deovs Tovs 'OXvjJLiriovs ovk av e)ôtjLtt irCcrTeLS fxeC-

ôv? TOVTOP eiTTeiv, aXX t/cavas etvat vojxlI,(o ras et/DTy-

30 4'e)oe 87^, Kat ws rrpocriJKeL e/xot fidXkov rj tovtoj tcou

ILipoiVos -)(pr)ixdT(ov, vvv rjorj tovto eVtSetô). kol voyî-

1,(1} fxev dnXcos Koi vfjup 'qSr} elvat (jtavepov on ovk eyyv-

repoi TTjS dyîcTTeias elalv 01 [xeT eKeivov (jtvvres rj ol i^

eKeiuov yeyovoTes' ttojs ydp; ol jxeu yap 6voiidt,ovTai

(Tvyyeveis, ol S' eKyovoL tov reXevTijcTavTOS' ov fx-qv dXX'

iTreiSy] kol ovt(o<; iôvTcov ToXyioJcriv dixîcr^-qreiv, koX i^

31 avT(ov TCJV vofxcov aKpiîcTTepov StSctfo/xei^. el ydp e^T^

p.ev rj iix-Q jjLiJTrjp, Ovydrrjp 8e Kipcovos, fJLrjBev Be iKelvo<s

Siadejxevos ireXevTrjoreu, rjv he ctSeXtô? ovtos ovtui, fxr)

dheX(f)i,hovs, (TVPOLK-qcraL [xev dv rfj yvvaLKi Kvpioq rjv,

TO)V he ^prjfxdTcov ovk dv, dXX' ol yevoyievoi iralhes Ik

TovTov KOL eêKe'ivrjs, oirore eirl Stereg

rj^Tjaavovtcj

yap ol PoixoL KeXevovcnv. el roiuvv koX (^coarjs Kvpios

avTos [jirj eyevejo to)V rrjs yvvacKo';, dXX' ol .valhes,

hriXou OTL /cat TereXevTrjKvCas, iirel TratSa? Tjjxds KaraXe-

XoiTTev, ov T0VT0L<5 dXX.' ijijuu TTpocrrjKeL KXr^povojielv tcov

XP'^jJ-drcou.

32 Ov roivvv eK tovtov [jlovov, dXXa Kat e/c tov nepl

rrj<s KaKOJcrew? popôv hrjXov eaTiv. el ydp e^jq jxep 6

TrdmroSy epherjq he 'qu tcov emTrjhetoiv, ovk dv ovtos

VTrohiKos rjV Trj<s /ca/cajcreoj? dXX' T^/êts. KcXevet ydp

Tpe(f)eiv Tous yoveas' yove^q 8' etcrt fxrjrrjp Kat irarrjp /cat

TTaTTTTos /cat TijOrj Kat tovtcov [XTjTrjp Kat TTarrfp, edv ert

ôjcTLV' eKelvoi ydp dp^ tov yevovs etcrt, Kal ret eKecvcov



ISAEOS. 145

TrapaStSorai rois e/cyovots' hioirep avdjK'q rpei^ctv av-

Tov<^ ecTTi, Koiv jxr^hev KaTakCncocrL. ttw? ovu BcKaLOP

i(TTLV, kap fxku jxrjhkv KaTaXCiroxTLv, '»7/>td§ vTroSt/cov? eli'at

T^9 KttKwcrew?, 1^1/ /lit} Tp€<f)(i}fi€p, el he tl KaraXeXotTracrt,

TOILS' elpai Kkrjpopofiov aXXa /xt) t^/aci?; ouSaâajs hriTTOvSev.

n/>09 eVa Se tov trpoiTov t(op avyyepcop Trpoadôi, 33

Kttt Tov yeVovs Ka^' e/cacrrov v/u,as epoirrjcroi • pacrra yap

ovTUi [xdOoLT ap. KipcDPO'S irorepop OvyaTrjp rj ctScXôs

iyyvTepo) tov yepovs icTTL', hrjXop yap ort Ovydrrjp' 17

ixep yap i^ eKeiPov yeyopep, 6 Se /xer' eKeipov. Ovyarpo^

Se TratSe? vj dSeXô?; TratSes St^ttov^cv yepos yap dXX'

oiJ^l (Tvyyepeia tout' ecrTiP, el hrj Trpoeôfiep dBekcfiov

TOcrovTOP, 'q ttov TovBe y opto^ dSeX<^t8ov TrdfiiroXv

irpoTepoC ecrfxep, SeSot/ca Se /xt) Xtav ofxoXoyovixepa 34

\eyoiP epoêlp vixIp So^w TrdpTe<i yap vfxel<s tcop ira-

Tp(f(op, TQ)v TTaTTTTcooiP, TUiP CTt TTepaiTepoi KkrjpoPO[xe2Te

eK yepovs Tra/aetXiyôTcg t'^p dyîcTTeiap dpeTTihiKOP, /cat

OVK oTS' €t TtVt TT/DO TOU TTCOTTOTe TOtOVTOS dyWV CTUjUySc-

^rjKep. dpaypov's ovp top T175 Ka/cwo-ew? vojjlov, cjv

epeKa Tavra yiypejai, KaX ravT yjSr] ireipdcroixai StSdo"-

K€ti/. [N0M02.]

Kipcop yap eKeKryjTO ova-tap, cS ctvSpe?, aypop fxep 35

^Xv^cri, /cat TaXcti/Tov /5a8ta)9 dîop, oiKiaq S' eV dcTTei

Suo, Tiji^ /xei/ /xtav fiL(rdo(f)opov(Tap, irapa to et* At/xiât?

Alopvctlop, StcrxtXta? evpicKOVcrap, tt^p 8' erepap, ev tj

auTO? a»/c€t, rpioip /cat Se/ca [jlpcop' ert 8e dpSpdnoOa

lxi(r6o(jiopovPTa Kal Suo OepaTraiPa? Kal TraLoicTK'rjPx /cat

€7rt7rXa 8t' (Si/ w/cet Ti7f OLKtap, crxeBop crvp Tots apopa-

TToSots ct^ta rpiarKaiZeKa jxpcop' crvfJiTraiâ oe ocra <f)a-

vepd TjP, irkeop rj epeprjKOPTa fivwp' X'^P''^^^ tovtcjp

hapeicrixara ou/c oXtya, d«^' cJi/ e/cett'o? to/cous eXafxâpe.

J.10



146 SELECTIONS.

36 TouTots AiokX>5? ftem ttJs dSek(l)yjs TToXai iiTefiovXevev,

iireihrj rdxto'Ta ol vracSes ot Kipa)vo<:kreXevriqa-av.

eKeiu-qv [xkv yap ovk eêStSov hvpafxevrjv en reKelv TratSas

e^ erepov dvSp6<5, Iva p^rj X'^pLa-6eLcrr)<; nepl roiv avrov

fiovXevcraiTO KaOdnep TrpoarJKev, eneiOe Se peuecv <j)d(T-

Kovcrav k^ avTov Kvelv olecrdait TrpocnroLOvpevrjv Be

hia^delpeiv aKovaav, tV k\TTit,o}v del yevrjo-eaOai TralSas

avTOJ prjSeTepov 'j^jxcou elcnroirjcTaiTO vlov Kai rov va-

repa 8te)8aXXev del, (jidaKcov avrov kiriôvXeveiv Tolq

37 kKeivov. rd re ovv x/êa irdvTa oxra (0(f)eL\eTO avTO) /cat

ToKovq eireiOe ret re (pavepd Bl avrov TTOielcrOai, irap-

dyoiv dvBpa irpecr^vrepov 6epaTTeiaL<i koX KoXa/cetat?, ew?

diravra rd kKeivov TrepieXaêv. elBwî Be on Trdvrcov

eyd) rovrcov Kara to TrpoarJKOv eTvat KvpL0<s ^y^rijcro),

oTTore o 7rdTnro<s ereXevr-qcrev, elcnevai p.ev pe Kal 6epa-

TT^veiv eKelvov Kal crvvBiarpiêiv ovk kKCoXve, BeBicos

prj rpa)(yv9els €t? opyqv Karacrrairjv 7Tpo<s avrov, irap-

e<TKeva(,e Be /xot rov dp(f)La/3r)r7]crovra r^<; oucrta?, pepo<;

iroWocrrovrovrqt jaeraStSovs el KaropOdxreiev, avrw Se

ravra ndvra irepnroiajv, koX ovBe rrpo<s rovrov op.o\oyuiV

rov rrdmrov ^pripara KaraXtireiv, aXX eivai cjiacTKcov

38 ovBev. Kal eTTeLB-Q rdxf'CrTa kreXevrrjcrev, kvrd(l)La rrpo-

irapacTKevao-dpevoq ro p.ev dpyvpiov kp.e eKeXevev kv-

eyKeXv, ws. ruv pcaprvpoiv iQKOvcrare piaprvprjcrdvroyv,

dTreiXrjiêvai Be Trapd rovBe npocreTroielro, Trap e/xou Be

ovKen TjOeXev diroXaêlv, vrroTrapooOcov, ottcos eKelvo<s

BoKoirj Odrrreiv dXXd p,rj kyco rov TrdTnrov. dp(f)Larfi7)-

rovvros Be rovrov Kal T179 oi/cta? ravrrjs Kai rwv aXXwi'

(ov eKelvo'S KareXnre, koX ovBev <^d(TKOvro<i KaraXeXoL-

TTevai, îdaaadai pev Kai rov TTaTnrov peraêpeiv Iv

rats TOtavrat? dKaiplai<i ovk ^pr)V Be2v, rcov (ftiXov p,OL



ISAEOS. 14/

ravra a-vyyvYV(0(rK6vT(ov, avveTToiovv he KaX (TwedaTTTov,

i^ aw o TTOLTTiro^ KariknTe tcjv oiva\oijjia.Tcov yiyvoiievoiv.

Kol TavTd fj-ev ovT(t)<s dvayKacrOel'; eirpaâ tovtov tov 39

TpoTTOV OTTCJS Se fji,r)Bev /jlov TavTrj TrXeovcKTo'iev, Trap*

vjxlv (f)d(TKOVTe^ ovhev fie els tt^v Ta(f>rjv avy]koiKevai, rov

e^yjyrjTyjv epofxevos eKetvov KeXevcravTos dvrjkdicra ira-p

kfiavTOv Koi ra evara eTrrjueyKa, (o<s oiov re KctXXtcrra

irapacTKevdcras, Iva avTCJV eK/coi/»at/At TavTy]v t'QV lepoav-

\iav, KoX Iva fjcrj BoKelev ovtol fieu dvqkoiKevai. irdvra,

eyoj oe ovoev, akk oixolcjs Kayo).

Kal rd jxev yeyeirqîeva, koX hC a rd irpdyixara ravT 40

exoixev, oêSov tl tuvt ecniv, (o dvSpes' ei he elheCrjTe

TTju Ato/cXeovs dvai,a")(yvTtav, koX irepl rd aXXa 0*09

e(TTLV, ovK dv dTTKTTqcrai rt? tcjv elprjfxevcjv ovhevi

ovTos fiev ydp e)(ev t'^v ovcriav, a<^' '^<s vvv ecrrt Xafinpos,

dXkoTpiav, dhe\(f)0)u TpLcov oiMOfxrjTpCcov eTriKhjpojv Kara-

\ti(f)6eLcro)V avTov tw Trarpl avrcov eicTTroiT^cras, ovhefxCau

eKetvov irepi rovTOiv noLrjcraixevov hiadiJK'qv. raXv 8' dhe\- 4

(ÔAV TOLV hvoiv eTreihrj ret ^ruiard elaeTrpdrreTo vtto

7<ov cKctvais (TvvoiKovvTdiv, TOV fxev rrfv TrpecTJSvTepav -

e)(0VTa KaTOLKohbixijcras Kal eTnjSovXevcras i^LfKoae, kol

ypa<^rjv v^pecoq ypa(f>el<s ouSeVo) tovtcov hiKiqv hehcoKe,

TTJs he fier eKeCvrjv yevofievqs tov dvhpa diTOKTelvai

KeXevcras olKeT7)v eKelvov fxev eêTrefixfje, t'^v S' alTuav eU

rqv dheX(f)T]veTpexjje,

KaTaTrXijâs he rats avTov ^heXv- 42

ptat? Trpocra(f>ypy}TaL tov vlov avTov ttjv ovcriav e7nTpo-<

irevcras, koX /carejêt tov dypov, (peXXea he eKetvoi hehcoKe.

/cat TavTa otl a\r)tfiq Xeyo), oeoiacn fiev avTov, icrcos o

av fJLOL Kai fiapruprjcraL eOeXyjcreiav el he fxij, tovs

elhoTas Trapeô/xaL fidpTvpas. t



^



NOTES.

ANTI PHON.

Antiphon : 480—411 B.C. Approximate period of extant

work, 421—411 B.C. Life in Attic Orators, i. i— 17.

Style. Antiphon, the earliest forensic speech-writer (Xoyo-

ypaôs), represents that early style of Attic prose composition

which Dionysius {(ie comp. verb. 22—24) calls the 'austere' or

* rugged ' (au'cTTrjpa dpixovta), as distinguished from the ' smooth

(yXacfivpd) of Isokrates, and the ' middle ' {ii-io-q) of Demosthenes.

Its leading characteristics are (i) dignity: 'the movement of the

whole is to be slow and majestic, impressing by its weight and

grandeur, not charming by its life and flow': (2) reliance on

contrasts of single words : e.g. yvtopio-Tat'—StKao-Tat hoâarai—Kpirai, Antiph. Be Caed. Her.

§94 : (3) bold, but not florid,

imagery : e.g. k-m. Trj e/xavrov (XTraiSta t,wv trt KaTopv^^drjaofxai, Tetr.

11. B § 10: (4) sparing use of the 'figures of thought', crxviô-Ta

Stavoias,—as irony, rhetorical question, etc. : see Attie Orators,

^- 29- (5) predominance of direct appeals to feeling (pathos) over

subtle expression of character (ethos): (6) in the structure of

sentences, the transition from a ' continuous ' style, Xe^t? dpop.ivq,

in which clauses are simply strung together, to a periodic style,

Ae'^tS KaT(.(TTpap.îvr].

Thucydides belongs to the same stage of Attic prose as

Antiphon, differing from him principally in (i) a more pregnant

brevity: (2) a tendency to peculiar arrangements of words, caused

by desire of emphasis on the key-note of the thought : e.g. Thuc.

V. 91, eVi crwTrfpLa vvv toOs Xdyovs epovp-ev Tr;s v/i,€Tepas •jtoXcw?,

instead of iirl awr. T17S vfx€T. TToX. : (3) a tendency to bring a greater

number of clauses within the compass of a single sentence, in

J.II



I50 SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

order that the whole of a complex thought may be seen at one

view.—See Attic Orators, i. i8—44. On Antiphon's Works in

general, ib. 45—70.

I. TETPAAOriA B. /3. The Tetralogies have this special

interest, that they represent rhetoric in its transition from the

technical to the practical stage, from the schools to the law-

courts and the ekklesia. Antiphon stood between the sophists

who preceded and the orators who followed him as the first

Athenian who was at once a theorist of rhetoric and a master of

practical eloquence. The Tetralogies hold a corresponding place

between merely, ornamental exercises and real orations. Each of

them forms a set of four speeches, supposed to be spoken in

a trial for homicide. The accuser states his charge, and the

defendant replies ; the accuser then speaks again, and the defend-

ant follows with a second reply. The imaginary case is in each

instance sketched as lightly as possible; details are dispensed

with ; only the essential frame-work for discussion is supplied.

Hence, in these skeleton-speeches, the structure and anatomy of

the argument stand forth in naked clearness, stripped of every-

thing accidental, and showing in bold relief the organic lines of

a rhetorical pleader's thought. Attic Orators, i. 45 f. The

Tetralogies are distinguished by their practical character from

the ' displays ' of the sophists as well as from the ' declamations

of the Augustan age.

The subject of the Second Tetralogy is the death of a

boy accidentally struck by a javelin while watching a youth

practising at the gymnasium. The boy's father accuses the youth

—whose father defends him—of accidental homicide ; and the

case comes before the court of the Palladion. In order to un-

derstand the issues raised, it is necessary to keep in mind the

Greek view*of accidental homicide. This view was mainly a

religious one. The death was a pollution. Some person, or

thing, must be answerable for that pollution, and must be

banished from the State, which would else remain defiled. In

a case like the supposed one, three hypotheses were possible :

that the cause of the impurity had been the thrower, the person

struck, or the missile. There was a special court—that held

at the Prutaneion—for the trial of inanimate things which had

caused death. Here, however, the question is only of living



p. I] NOTES. 151

agents. The judges have nothing whatever to do with the ques-

tion as to how far either was morally to blame. The question

is simply which of them is to be considered as, in fact, the author

or cause of the death.

The accuser's first speech consists only of a few sentences, in

which he says that the facts admit of no doubt. A homicide has

been committed, though an involuntary one. The penalty de-

manded is the banishment of the accused, in order that Athens

may not be polluted by his presence {jirj Trepiopav airacrav tyjv tto'Aii/

vTro TovTov [jiLatvofi€VT]v § 2). It is expressed by the phrase ctpyeiv

<Lv 6 vo/xos etpyci, zA and 7. § ii. The condemned person re-

mained in exile until the relatives of the deceased gave their con-

sent to his return (ews av alhicriqraL tis twv Iv yeVei tou TreTrovôTos :

cp. Dem. or. xxxvii. Adv. Pantaen.§ 59, or. xliii. Adv. Macart.

§ 57): the usual statement that the term was limited to a year

(avrevtauTtcr/xos) needs confirmation, at least for Athens. See

K. F. Hermann, Antiq. i. § 104. 11.

§ I. aTrpay/Aovas] airpayixtav, the man * of quiet life', who 1

keeps out of law- suits and politics : iqa-vxf-o'i, the man ' of peaceful

disposition '. In regard to law-suits, the Athenian airpdyixuiv stood

in favourable contrast with the (TVKO(f)dvTr]?, but in politics he was

despised : Thuc. 11. 40 t6v fi-qhlv rwvBe (tcuv ttoXltlkwv) [x.e.Ti)(ovra

OVK airpayfjLova aXXd a^pelov vofjutôfjiev.

(Karao-Trjvai)^ Reiske's conj. Perhaps KaOca-Tacn.

ToX/xav TO. re aA.Aa] = ra re aA.Xa ToXp-av. For re misplaced, cp.

Thuc. IV. 10, rjv iOeXfop-iv re fxeZvaL koX p.rj KaTairpohovvai.

T-qv ctKpi/Jetav] 'the exact truth'. Thuc. I. 22, xP-Xeirov -qv SLap.vr]-

fiovevaai Tifjv aKpijiuav avTrjV twv \e-)(6ivT(jn', ' the exact form '.

§ 2. Kttt avro's] ' myself also ' :—alluding to the accuser's pre-

vious appeal (a. § 2), u/xas 8c a^tw eXeouvTas, k.t.A.

aKpLfSiarepov] ' with more subtlety '—referring especially to the

distinction which he proceeds to draw between Trpa/cropcs rdv

aKov(TL(Dv and T(2u Tra6r]p.a.T(i}v airtot (§ 6). The accuser, in his

second speech (y. § 3), says, /xv) epya cj>avepd vtto TrovT/pas Xoywv

a/cpt/?6tas {'a quibbling subtlety') TretcrêVTCS if/evSq Trjv dXrjdeiav

T<ov Trpa-s(divT(jiv -qyijarrjaOe.

p.r]...Tr]u Kpidiv Troii^cracrât] With the vulg., 8ta ra? vponpi]-

/i-eVas Tw';âs, we can only render :' I ask you to entertain my

II—



152 SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

defence, and not to give your judgment—under the influence of

those mischances to which I have referred—on grounds of

opinion rather than of fact'. But the position of aTroSeâ/xcVou?...

airoXoyiav, inserted between i^q and Tvoirjo-acrOaL, is intolerable.

Blass conjectures to-a rats TrpoeipTj/xeVats Tu;âts : i.e. 'I beg you

not to receive my defence in the spirit—not to view them in the

light—of the mischances', &c. The objections are, I think, (i)

the phrase i<ja xais-.-Tij^jât?, which surely will not yield such a

sense : (2) the necessarily favoii?'able sense of aTroSe^/xeVoi;?. I

should propose, either (i) retaining Sia-.-ra? ri^xa?, for aTroSc^-

a/xeVovs to read cxTrwcrayLiei'Ous : or (2) to insert tjo-ctov before aTroSe^-

afjLevovs :' I beg you not to entertain my defence the less favourably

on account of the mischances to which I have referred'. Cp.

P- ^93 § 8.

Trpos Toiv Xiyeiv Svv.] 'is on the side of, 'favours', those who

can speak. Eur. A/c. 57, Trpos twv Ixovtojv, <ôl(3c, t6v vofiov

TLOr]<;,'

for the rich

'

—in their interest.

2 § 3. Trapd yvwixTjv tovtojv] ' The result has completely dis-

appointed these expectations' : = Trapa ravTa d ykTnt.ov, the genitive

rovTwv depending on the idea of contrarieiy implied in Trapa yvoJ-

/AT/v, as if he had written (Jv\).^k^r]Kk [x.01 ivavrta tovtuiv.

fieipoLKLov] usu. denotes the age from about 14 to 18 : Trats is

younger. Xen. Sytnp. IV. 17, wo-n-fp yc Trats ytyverai KaXo9, ovTin

KoX /xetpaKiov Koi dvqp Koi Trpccr^wTry?.

ou'x v^pn ovSk aKoXaa-Lo] 'insolence or wantonness'. The

essence of v/3pL<; is that it indulges the sense of power by humili-

ating another : aKoXaaia does what it likes at the moment without

thinking of others. Aristotle distinguishes three cI'Stj of oXtywpt'a

(slight esteem),—viz. Karac^poVr/o-ts (contempt), cTrrypeao-p-o's (active

spite), r/3pts, outrage (Ji/ief. 11. 2),—the point of lir-qpcauô^ being

that it vexes th^ other, and of v/iJpts that it dishonours him. Arist.

makes aKoXaaia the VTreplSoXrj Trept 7/8oJ/as Koi AvTras,—the /xco-orrys

being o-ox^poo-uVr/. The accuser, in his reply, attributes aKoXacrta

to the youth (y. § 6).

iv Tw yv/tvao-io)] The vaXata-Tpa, the school of wrestling and

boxing, is often mentioned in connection with the StSao-KaXetov as

a place of training for boys : cp. Theophr. C/iar. vii. The yvfj-vd-

aLov was a more general resort, including grounds for running and

archery, baths, and (as here) a range for javelin practice. Plato

recommends that a boy should begin at six years of age to learn



pp. I, 2] NOTES.153

riding, and the use of the bow, javelin and sling :' letters ' he

postpones to the age often {Laws vir. 794 c).

ttKovcnous atrtas] 'charges arising from an involuntary act'.

A harsh phrase : but the conj. avocriov; seems weak.

{xri (fiovevcriv elvai] Notice the simple /at;, where /xr} ov

would be regular. Cp. Soph. P/ii/. 349, ov ttoXvv\xpovov /x'

(.iTia-)(pv fit] fx€ vauo-ToXeiv Ta;)(D'. So Track. 226. This is more

frequent with to /xr/, e.g. O. T 1387 : Xen. Cyr. v. i. 25, rts o-oO

aTreXcLcjidT]

to[xt] ctol

aKoXovdelu ;

Her.I.

209, ovK wv ccrrt firjâvrj

ovSe/Ata TO jJiTJ Kiivov cTrtôvXeijetv ifxot.

§ 4. (6 fxev eKuyXvOr])] Conjecturally supplied by Reiske.

Cp. § 7> ^TTOiOe. . .SiaKwXvOei^ tov o-kottov tv^(.Iv.

§ 5. CLirep . . .(XTroOavwv] ' As to the boy, if it has been proved

to you that he was not struck while he stood still (eo-To^s), it is

still more manifest that, since he came of his own accord into the

course of the javelin, he was killed through his own error', /a?/

and not 01; before (SXrjOeis because it depends on ciTrep : but ov

would have been admissible here, owing to the emphasis on the

negative yiztr/. Cp. on T>e Caed. Her. § 14. vTT{XBijiv...^y]XQVTai...

diroOavwv. Since, or because, he came, ... it is clear that he died:

= TO VTreXêtv avrov SrjXoi 0Tt...a7reâce. So we might have, afxeXtj-

aa^ 817X0? e'cTTtv afxaprfav, 'it is clear that he erred by carelessness'.

The argument is : 'If he volimtarily left a safe place, he alone is

answerable for the consequences'. In hi cracêo-Tcpw? the com-

parative is merely rhetorical : It must be, if possible, more obvious

still, &c. Note the alternative forms o-a<^co-Tepw?, uaîdnpov

(§ 6): cp. Isokr. Fanegyr. § 193.

§ 6. <îv av i-mvoTJa-wa-L Tt Spao-ai] The proper construction

would have been simply d/xapTavovTe^ <Si/ ( = tovtwv a) dv imvoyj-

o-coo-t, failing in the designs which they may have formed. But to

this t( Spao-ai is added, as if, instead of afxaprdvovTe?, such a wordas K(aXv9evTe<; had preceded : failing to execute some part of their

designs. The redundancy was suggested by the antithesis be-

tween planning and domg: cp. Thuc. v. 13, ovk diioxpôiv avrwv

OVTOiV Spdv Tl U}V KCtKClVOS e7r€V0€t.

§ 7' dTreLpr)fA.ivov . . . irpo(TT€Tayix€vov^ Accus. absol. *. Trpo(TTt-

rayfxivov also in Plat. Tarns x. 902 D. So Se'ov iôv—Trape^ôv—}rapacr)^6v —- TrpoarJKov

—e.ipr]jxivov

—SeSoy/xevov

—yeypafifiivov—

Trpo(TTa-)(Oiv, k.t.X. Goodwin § no. 2.




eê/xtXeVa] 'was carefully practising'. Plat. Hipp. niai. 286 d,

aKovaa-i kol fxaOwv kol eK/AcAerifcras (having perfected my skill)

TTttXtv te'vai cTTt Tov ipiDTrjcravTa,

iv yv/Ai'aô//.eVots] /.<?• not among those who were practising

athletic exercises (where the risk of an accident would have

been greater), but ' in the rank ' (raits) of the javelin-throwers,

who had a special part of the gymnasium reserved for them.

3 § 8. TerijuwpTj/xeVos iavrov] Cp. De Cacd. Her. § 21, tov

ttXow TreTTOfj^/xeVos. So Thuc. III. 67, Tert/xcopv^/xeVot,'

having takenvengeance': but in Thuc. vii. 77 it is passive, aTro^poji/Tcos y\hy]

TeTijLiwpr;/xfâ, ' we have been punished ' : and so vi. 60, ereTijuw-

p-qvTO. So e.g. fxefJiLixy]fxei'0<;, ipTcOvfxrjiJieuo?, i(rKefJLfJiivo<;, rjTta/xei'o?,

KeKT'Qfievo's can be either midd. or pass.

?^/x.(3v] = ToiiSe fxev tov vrjiriov, ifxov 8e tov yrjpaLov, § II. More

boldly below, § 9, ws cftovia /xe Stw/cet.

ov (Tvvr]8ofi€v(j)v ovSe crwe^.] The use of crui'- in the first pair of

compounds is incorrect : the meaning is, ovk imxa-tpovTwv ouS'

iOiXovTwv : but the form of the first clause is assimilated to that of

the second. Cp. Thuc. I. 142 § 2, 17 e7riT€ixicrts...^/xcoi/ aiTCTriTCTet-

Xicr/xevMv, 'when our city (Athens) is a counter-fortress to theirs',

as Shilleto takes it : the ctti in avreTrtT. losing its proper force

('on hostile soil'), and being merely in rhetorical symmetry with

C7rtT€l^lO"tS.

§ 9. fxrj^k aKovcTLtDs] *not even involuntarily': i.e. the boy

himself was atVios roii iraOyjp.aTO';, § 6.

§ 10. a7roXDo'/x€i/os Se...ecr/x£v] The anacolouthon is caused

by the speaker's thought passing, as the sentence goes on, from

the charge of which the son is really innocent to the consequences

for both fathcif^ and son, if he is condemned.

T(Iiv eTrtTTjSev/xaTojv] ' OUr aims in life'. Cp. § 3 Tavra TratSci^cov

TOV viov i^ wv fid\L(TTa TO Koivov ajcêXetrat. iTrtTrjSiVfxa, a practice

founded on a principle, Thuc. i. 32, 37.

ovTo's T€ yap] [I say we,] for 3o/A he, &c.

fTTt re ya'p] ctti before Sia^ôpa might mean 'after': but it is

better to take it, both with hiaÔopa. and with airaiUa, as denoting

the condition. 'If he is to perish '...'if I

amto

beleft

child-less '.



pp. 2—4]NOTES. 155

^wv-.-KaTopux^Tfcro/tai] The accus€r, in his second speech, ap-

propriates the metaphor (y. § 12), ^wres Karopcupvy/xeâvtt

airot).

This is characteristic of the Tetralogies (cp. /?. § 2 and y. § 3 (-U

rov vfjiiTipov cXeov KaraTreêuycus), which are repertories of points

and topics, not examples of finished form.

§ II. yrjpaLov'l A poetical word, used by Herod.; also once

by Thuc. Vl. 54, •n€t(rto-TpaToi;...y7;paiov reXeuTTô-avTos : but not in

later Attic prose.

crv[x.4>epeLv'\ Xen. Cyr. IV. 3 § 13, eKeivo Be. ovx} ewTrcre?, to 4o Tt av Sir] ottXqv (pepeiv, toi' lttttov tovto crvp-tfiepeLv; {Jielp tO

carry it.)

II. TETPAAOriA r. a.—An elderly man having died of

blows received in a quarrel, the youth who had dealt them is

accused of murder before the Areiopagos. The accuser's first

address expresses in a striking form the religious view of homicide .

as a defilement. See Attic Orators, i. 55.

§ 2. Tous TrpcoTous yevo/Aevous] Trpwrovs N : Trpwrov vulg. Cp.

Hes. Op. 109, y^vcyeov p.eu irpiaTiaTa yeVos /xepoTrwv avOpaiiriavj

aOavaroi TroLr]crav...KapTrdv 8' e</)€pe êtScopos apovpa|

avTop-aTr) ttoX-

Xov re Koi a<j>dovov.

T<j}v...diLw6ei/Twv^ So Blass for TovTwv...a^tco5ets. Rather keep

TovTwv and read aliwêVros, which is actually found in N :' Our

life having been graced with these gifts by the god*. Reiske,

keeping the vulg., conj. aTroo-repci for diroKTecvei.

§ 3. aXtTijpiW] ' avenging spirits '. The gods under whose

protection the murdered person stood, and to w/tom his spirit

turnsfor vengeance—01 twi' aTroâi/ovrwv KpoarpoTva.ioi—become aXt-

Tt]pioi, punishers of sin, in relation to the murderer. The com-

moner sense of dXiTrjpio'? is ' sinful ', with a genit. of the god

offended or the place polluted (e. g. Oewv, 'EAXaSos) : for the

double meaning, cp. dXda-Twp, //.tao-rcop, Trpoo-TpoTratos, afjiLKTwp,

irpOCTLKTOip.

ov TrpoarJKov] ' gratuitous ': Strictly ' alien ', not arising from

t/ieir own sin. From another point of view, ' self-inflicted' woes

are oIkHo. TrdOr], Soph. Ai. 260.

§ 4. Ti/xtopoiivTcs] (i) Ti/Awpetv Tiva Ttvi, to pumsh A for B s

satisfaction : (2) iip-oipduQai nva rivt, to revenge oneself on A for




wronging B. The accus. is more often omitted with Tt/xwpctv, the

dat. with Ti/xwpeicrât : see on Soph. Elect. 349.

Tots eVtTt/xtois] A word of poetical cast, like many which the older

prose writers used : see Attic Orators i. 20. Soph. EI. 1382, to-tti-

Ttfiia T^s Svo-cre/Jcta?. Lykurg. In Leocr. § 4, ra £K Twv vo'/xwv iiTLTLfJiia.

5 Ktti ToJ) V. a. iiTTatTtot] ' responsible for your offence also '.

vTratVios is not ' accessory ', like /xcTatrtos or TrapaiVtos opposed to

TravaiTios, but 'under', 'liable to', airta.

§ 6. v^pei KOL tiKoXacria] Cp. note on Tet?'. B. ^.§

3.

Twu yepatoTc'/jwv] As ra twv y. vo/xi/xa could not mean ' the

privileges of elders', we can only render 'the institutions of

our ancestors'. But I strongly suspect that the text is corrupt,

and that the Tof yepaioVepov of N points to this. The contention

is that he would in any case have been guilty of homicide ; but

that the offence has been aggravated by violence to a man so

much older than himself After tov yipaiorepov, Tvij/a^ or a

similar participle has probably fallen out.

a/AapTctv] ' to miss': Andok. De Myst. § 20, Svotv rolv /xeyto-Toiv

KaKolv ovK rjv avna dfiapTilv. Cp. SiKatovaOai, ' tO get one's due ',

to be punished, Thuc. in. 40.

§ 7. Ti/xwpero-(9at] Middle, 'to punish'. Cp. Tetr. T. 8. § 11,

Tov 8k fjLLapov Tw ];ôi'u) aTroSoi'Tes fprjvai rots tyyiara Tip-wpEicrOai

TYJv /3ov\€v<Ta(rav 4^vx>]i''\ Cp. Andok. E>e Redit. § 24, where he

argues that not his crw|aa but his yvwix-q was answerable for his

deeds : rj Se yviap-rj avri tt^s irporepa'; irepa vvvl ivapi<jTy]Ki.v. Here,

as there, the sinning mind is personified. In Thuc.4''"XV is nearly

always 'the breath of life' in a physical sense: once, in 11. 40

§ 3, KpariaTOL ti}v ij/vx'qv — €in{rv)(OTaToi, of moral courage.

III. nEÎ TOY HPfiAOY $ONOY] Herodes, an Atheniancitizen, had settled at Mytilene in 424 B.C., after the revolt and

reduction of that town. He was one of the kleruchs among

whom its territory was apportioned, but not otherwise wealthy.

Having occasion to make a voyage to Aenos on the coast of

Thrace, to receive the ransom of some Thracian captives who

were in his hands, he sailed from Mytilene with the accused,

a young man whose father, a citizen of Mytilene, lived chiefly

at Aenos. Herodes and his companion were driven by a storm



pp.4. 5] NOTES. 157

to put in at Methymna on the north-west coast of Lesbos ; and

there, asthe weather was wet, exchanged their open vessel for

another which was decked. After they had been drinking on

board together, Herodes went ashore at night, and was never

seen again.

The accused, after making every inquiry for him, went

on to Aenos in the open vessel ; while the decked vessel, into

which they had moved at Methymna, returned to Mytilene.

On reaching the latter place again, the defendant was charged

by the relatives of Herodes with having murdered him at the

instigation of Lykinos, an Athenian living at Mytilene, who had

been on bad terms with the deceased. They rested their charge

principally on three grounds. First, that the sole companion

of the missing man must naturally be considered accountable for

his disappearance. Secondly, that a slave had confessed under

torture to having assisted the defendant in the murder. Thirdly,

that on board the vessel which returned from Methymna had

been found a letter in which the defendant announced to Lykinos

the accomplishment of the murder.

It was necessary that the trial should take place at Athens,

whither all subject-allies were compelled to bring their criminal

causes. The ordinary course would have been to have laid an

indictment for murder (yjoa^r) ^6vov) before the Areiopagos.

Instead, however, of doing this the relatives of Herodes laid aninformation against the accused as a 'malefactor' {Kanovpyos).

He was accordingly to be tried by an ordinary dikastery under

the presidency of the Eleven. ' Malefactor ', at Athens, ordinarily

meant a thief, a housebreaker, a kidnapper, or criminal of the

like class ; but the term was, of course, applicable to murder,

especially if accompanied by robbery. Date, about 417 B.C. See

Attic Orators i. 5 5 ff

I. Narrative: §§ i—30.

§ I. eySovXoViji'] Without av,—of that which one wishes

were now true, but which is not so : Ar. Iâ?i. 866, c/SouXo'/atjv

/A£v ovK ept'Cetv ivddSe, 'I could have wished that I was not'...

Cp. the use of eSet, wêXov, etc. with infin. : Goodwin § 49. 3. c.

Tov iX€V...TOv St] Tov fxev = Trj^ T£ C7-V/X<^0/)a9 Kttl TWV KaKWV,




adversity : rov Se = t^^s SDva/tews tou Xeyeiv Ktti T^5 CjUTreiptas twv

Trpay/AttTwv,—the power of self-defence.

§ 2. ou \i.\v ya-ii\ ' In circumstances where I was forced to suffer

personal ill-usage on the charge falsely brought, legal experience

did not come to my rescue ; and here, when I must save myself

by help of the truth, and by a narrative of the facts, I am em-

barrassed by my incapacity for speaking'. KaKOTraOelv, because

he had been imprisoned, bail being refused : see § 17,

iuravOoij So § 10, IvTavdoT. Tre.irofqKaaL t>}v Kpiaw,'

they havebrought the trial hither'. Here, too, the idea of motmi can

be elicited from w4>eXr]cr€v a.s = ifSoTJOiqaev. In Soph. J^/ii/. 481,

ifjijSaXov jLt' ... OTTOLI

r]KL(TTa fx€XXu)...dXyvveLv, ottoi = eKeicre ottov.

In Ar. Lys. 526, ttol xPV^ avajxCuai = fte'xP' TtVos xpoVow ; Cp. Pors.

flÊur. Hec. 1062.

^ § 3. ama-TOL y. rots a/\.] ' have been disbelieved because

they told the truth' :

rots dXrjOia-Lv, a somewhat harsh instru-

mental dative, ' by the truth', = t<3 to. dhqOrj Xe'yeiv.—Sr^Xwo-ai aura,

to prove, establish their story, which, though really true, seemed

improbable.

CTTt Tots Twr Kariqy. Xo'y.] ' dependent upon', aura ra cpya, 'the

actual facts': 77 aXrj9. roiv Trpay/Aarwv, 'the true version' of the

story. Cp. Teti'. B. j8. § 2, 77 8oâ rt^v Trpa-ÔivTUiv opp. to -q

dXi]dei.a,

§ 4. ov^ ttTrep . . . a/cpoacrâi] Our idiom requires, ovx OLrrep 01

TToXXoi alrovvTaL, dnpoacrOaL auTwv. Cp. Plat. Gorg. 522 A, TreLviji'

KoX OLil/rjv avayKdt,wv, ov^ wo'Trep eyw TroXXa kol T^Sea koL TravToSaTrd

€V(jJxovv vp-as : l. e. ov^ cocTTrep eyw liroiovv, euwâjv.

§ 5. TaSe Se] Note 8e, Avhere (after ou_;( aTrcp, k.t.X.) later

prose wouldlusu. have aXXa': cp. Thuc. iv. 86, ovk. i-rrl kukw, ctt'

iXevOepwcrei Se. So ovSe = dXX' ov, II. XXIV. 25.

aXT7êm...€tp^crât] 'that it has the force of truth, not of

rhetorical art'. The proposed insertion of eS before elpyjcrOat seems

to weaken the sense. dX-rjOeca, Seivorr/rt instrumental dat. like

Tots dXrjOecrtv in § 3 : by means of, in the strength of.

§ 6. KaiTTov TL KoX câp,.] The first Kai= '•also'' : i.e. as he is

in peril, j^ will he be nervous : the second Kai= 'e'en', 'actually',

belonging to i$ap.apT€tv : 7rou='I suppose/ rather than 'at some



pp. 5—7]NOTES. 159

point'. 'The very fact that a man's life is at stake makes it

almostcertain

that he will commit some indiscretion',

§ 7. ^lairpaa-o-uiVTaL. . .op6ovixivov<i\ 'But when they are seeking

{pres.) to effect some object without risks, they are more success-

ful (as speakers)', Cp. Soph. Ant. 675, twv 8' opOoviiivuiv, 'of the

prosperous '.

Iv rw vyaer. St/c.] ' A part of your duty no less than of my 7

right': i.e. compatible with the ifAtao-riKos opKos taken by the

dikasts,

§ 8. ov Tu êvye.Lv av\ ' Not on the chance of eluding the

judgment of the Athenian people ', tw <êuyetv is a dat. expressing

the motive as a circumstance of the action, like cuvota tirpaâ, I

acted with (or from) good will : as we might say, ' I do not urge

this by way of possibly escaping'. <ê.vyuv av, the oblique of

<f>evyoLiJ.L av, not of ecfievyov av.—to 7rXr]6o<; to v/xeTepov, the judges

as representing tov Srjimov t6v 'Adrjvaiov : the regular mode of

respectful address; so Andok, Myst. § 135, to ttXtjOos tSv ÂB-q-

vaiwv.

Kavav<aix6Toi<i k.t.X.] 'Ijwould commit my life to your decision

[even if you were bound by no oath, and were to decide on no

basis of law' : koX fxij Kara, vofiov pL-qSeva with ZLa\^rj^L(jaa-9ai.— eveKo.

ye rov Tna-Teveiv, ' so far as concerns ' etc.

Trapavo/Aia] 'illegal conduct,' often also in a general sense

of anti-republican licence ; ov B^p-otlkt] irapavop.Ca (of Alkibiades)

Thuc. VI. 28.

§ 9. Kaxovpyos] On the strength of the information (li/Sct^ts

KaKovpyias) laid against him, he was arrested by the Eleven (aTra-

yo>y>]v, § 9 : aTrrj-^^drjv, § 85). The same summary procedure (instead

of the ordinary ypa^ri 4>6vov) was taken against the murderers of

Phrynichos in 411 B.C. (Lykurg. In Leocr. § 12) and Agoratos

(Lys. In Agorat. § 85). The speaker here seems to have been

treated harshly, but not, as he alleges, illegally.

§ 10. âo-t 8e au] They argue that the general term KaKovpyia

includes to aiTOKTdvi.iv as well as to UpocruXeti', etc. : he admits

this, but argues that these greater KaKovpyrjpaTa should be tried

under the laws special to each. The emendation âo-l 8e avTo ye

TO oLTroKTeiveiv, With wcnrep inserted before Kal to Upoa-vXeiv, is



i6o SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

needless, and suggests a contrast, which has no point here, be-

tween accidental homicide and dehberate murder.

eV TT7 a.yopa\ The prosccutor in a case of <ô'i'os gave the

accused formal notice (n-popprjai's) to keep away from all public

places : see below § 88. Several law-courts were situated in the

market-place : Lys. De bon. Aristoph. § 55, cyyus oIkQ^v iri% dyopa^

{though I live near) oilre tt/do? SiKaa-Trjpiw ovre tt/jos (SovXevTrjpLw

(t)<{iOr]v ovSeTTcaTTore.

8 § II- a-n-ai'Ta to. BtKacTTijpta] viz. (l) the AreiopagOS, (2) TO cVt

IlaXXaSta), for accidental homicide, (3) to iv <J>p€aTTor, when a man

already banished for an accidental homicide is tried anew for

murder, (4) to eVl AeA^tviw, for homicide where justification is

pleaded^ (5) to irrl UpyraieLio, when an inanimate object had

caused death. In the last four courts the eêVat judged. Cp.

Hermann Afitiq. i. § 104.

TovTo 8e Seov o-e] The apodosis would properly have beendviofj.oTO'i fiev . . . Karrj-yopei';, at the beginning of § 12 : but owing

to the length of the sentence the construction is interrupted, and

§ 12 begins with a (instead of TaiJTa) av irapeXOwv.

§ 12. avw/xoTos fxev] The usual Trpow/xoo-t'a can scarcely have

been dispensed with in cases of diraytay-iq. The expression is rhe-

torical :' you have not taken the solemn oath of the Areiopagos '.

ctTTToju-eVous Twi/ o-<âyta)v] ' with hand laid upon the sacri-

fice'. Dem. In Aristocr. §67: irpwrov fxkv Sto/xetTai Kar i$o)-

Aeias avTov kol yei'ous kol oiKtas . . . o^Tas €7rt twv TOjxiinv KaTrpov kol

Kpiov Ktti Tavpov, KOI TOVTwv €0"ây/xei'o}v v(}i (uv Set kol iv ats iy//.£pais

Ka6r]K€t.

§ 13. to-ov ^v p-oLJ 'It was as good for me' not to come:

*I might a^well not have come'. Blass inserts ctvat after oÂeii',

rendering aeqinwi erat licere fjiihi : but the sense is, ' I might as

well have incurred judgment by default '.

TT^v Trporepav] SC. aTroXoyiai'. Dem. /// Aristocr. § 69, tov

TTporepov 8 cteo-Tiv ctTrovTa \6yov /xeTaaTrjvai. This voluntary with-

drawal is expressed in Tdr. r. 8. § i by vTruTreWi?.

9 § 14- apxaLOTarois] Isokr. Panegyr. § 40, ot yap Iv a.py^ Trepl

Twv ôvLK(Zv €yKaX£aavT€<;...iv Tots vo/xots tois r]ixeTepoL<i Tas Kpicrcis

iiroLYjaavTO irept avTwv.



pp. 7— lo] NOTES. i6i

7] ov\ OX), and not /xr;', in the second clause, because there is an

emphasis on the fact that he does not state the case correctly.

He seeks to lead you into an abstract speculation (ct KaXojs Ktiv-

Toi 17 ix.ri) : you must draw a practical conclusion. See note on

Soph. Ai. 7, oTTw? (,'Sjj?I

i'lT eVSov £(-'r' ouK cVSov.

§15. oiSeis TTcoTTOTe] Grote (v. 498) is with those who deny that

Ephialtes took away the jurisdiction of the Areiopagos in homi-

cide. In Lys. or. i. De Caed, Erat. § 30, (5 koI irdrpiov Io-tl koI icf>

VfjLwv aTToSeSorat toC cf)6vov ras St/cas StKa^cti', ctTroSt'SoTat is not ' it

has been given back ', but ' it is assigned '.

Ktti TavTa TrapeXOaivl^ Cp. § 12 a. (tv TrapeXOwv, § 1 1 ctu Sc

TovTo fxev 7rapeX6wv, k.t.X. Better here, then, ' and having dis-

regarded these ordinances': rather than: 'and, what is more,

you have come forward ', etc.

§ 16. ojs Koi Tins Tore SiKacrrats, k.t.X.] 'as if, in fact, you

meant to dispute the previous verdict '. ol rore StKao-rat are the

judges who are ;io7c> trying the case, but who, at the time denoted

by oLTna-TTJa-diu, will be ' the former judges', whose verdict he will

then seek to upset. It seems unnecessary to conjecture rotcrSc

Tots or Tots ivOdSe.

firj^k 7rX€ov.../A->j8'] ^ cz'en if I am acquitted (so far from being

finally saved) I am not ejien benefited '.

§ 17. €TL Se /AttA.' ihWrjv] 'Moreover, I was actually im-

prisoned'. fxdXa is not = 'rigorously', but merely gives a certain

colloquial emphasis, ' I can assure you'.

e'yyurjras rpet?] Dem. In Timocr. § 1 44 (from the oath of

the /SovXevTal), oiiSe Sryo-oj 'AOrjvatwv oiSeVa 6? dv ey-yuTjras rpcts

KaOiCTTy TO avTo re'/Vos reXoui'Tas {i.e. three iTTTrets if he were a

iTTTrevs, etc.). The only exception was when the accused was

charged with TrpoSocrta t^s iroXews or KaraAuo-ts rov Sr/'/xou : and

the object, Demosth. says, was to prevent malicious collusion

among the pr;ropes in the ôvXi].

ot eTnfxeXr}Tal twv k.] = ol IvSe/ca, by whom the arrest on the 10

IvSctîs KaKovpyias was made. Herm. Ajitiq. i. § 139. 13.

€/Aot /AoVo) cTre'XtTre] 'failed in my case only'. The simple dat.

gives this sense without the addition of eV proposed by Reiske.

Baiter, needlessly, IvkXnrf..



i62 SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

§ 1 8. aTrapao-KevoTttTov] The insertion of a'? before utt. seems

necessary,

Tov'i re <î\ov%\ Cp. Dem. In Timocr. § 145, Iva fxrj 8ta to Se-

SicrOai îipov dvayKaôLVTO aywviêcrât •^ Kti TravraTracrtv airapaaKevoL

€uv : where x^voi'j' at greater disadvantage ', means that the dis-

grace of their imprisonment would estrange their supporters.

§ 19. TToXXois tXao-crw^tt?, k.t.A.] 'placed at a disadvantage

in respect to many points of your law and of justice' : because

he had been accused as a KaKovpyo<;, and bail had been refused.

Cp. ikaa-aovfjievoL, 'suffering a disadvantage', 'exacting less than

our due', Thuc. i. 'JJ : Dem. De Cor. § 3, TroXXa jxlv olv tywy' eXar-

TovfjiaL Kara tovtovI tov aywva Aicr;(tVov.—This is Dobree's corr.,

confirmed by N, of vulg. crwOii? av, which would mean ' entitled

to acquittal ' (/. e. crwOei-qv av €t T(Zv StKat'oji/ Tvxoi[xt).

§ 20. Aivov] a town on the coast of Thrace, on the pro-

montory s.E. of the lake Stentoris at the mouth of the Hebrus :

about 100 miles N. of Lesbos. Named by Thuc. vii. 57 as

one of three Aeolic places which helped Athens against Sicily,

Methymna and Tenedos being the others.

©pa|iV] Her. V. 6 says of the Thracians, TrtoXewi to. reKva

ctt' eiaywyrj (as slaves), ©parra, a Thracian 8ovXt7, Theoph. C/iar.

XXVIII. (xxi. in my ed., where see note p. 242).

§ 21] 77...7rpoâcrts] the (real) occasion: cp. Thuc. I. 23, t-^v

a.\y]9e.(na.Tr]v irpofâcnv. But below ^ 26 rj 7rjOo'<â(jts is the (false)

pretext. 7rpo<^. is a cause alleged—truly or untruly.

T^s Mr]9vfxvaia<;'\ MrjdvfjLvr] (Molivo) on N.w. coast of Lesbos.

Thuc. III. 2, A€o-/3os ttXtJv Mr]dviJiV7]<; aTticnr]. The land of

Methymna was not confiscated by Athens after the revolt (iii.

50) : and in vii. 57 its people are ôpw ovx vtttJkool—an ex-

emption shared in 415 B.C. only by Chios (vi. 85).

W [t6v 'Hpw8i7v] A manifest gloss, which a comma after avTov

fails to make tolerable.

oTt jXTj] An impossible solecism. I conjecture, on [ov ry ej/i.^7

irpovoLa.

TrcTrotT^/xeVos] Cp. Tefr. B. j3. § 8, TeTipKDprjfjiivo^.

§ 2 2. eyiyvero] This, too, foUoived (imperf.) of necessity :

but iyivero, 'took place',— of the same thing viewed, not as



pp. lo— 12] NOTES. 163

a consequence, but as an independent occurrence at a given

moment in past time.

Taur'] ' all this ': the jueTCKâo-ts and its circumstances.

§ 23. rj KoX vTT ifjiuv] The Kau is redundant, and can be

expressed only if we say 'by me on my part': but the Greek

love of balanced contrast borrows it from the form, it,, ov fiovov

VTTO Twv a. dXXd koI vir eyuiou. So Soph. £/. 11 46, Anf. 927.

€ts re rrjv Mtr.] The re after €is corresponds with the

/cat before aXXov ('both—and', i.e. 'not only—but'): the clause

Koi T. e. y. iire[XTr€TO explains eyw atrtos ^v tt. :' Not only was I

the cause of a messenger being sent,—that is, it was on my

suggestion that it was proposed to send him (imperf.)^—but' etc.

§ 24. hre\i.TTov\ ' offered to send '. Aeschin. In Ctes. % 83,

K\6vv(](T0V eSiSov 6 Be aTrrjyopeve firj Xafifiaveiv : SO hretOov.

TrXov<i...eyiyveTo\ 'The weather favoured our voyage' : Thuc.

I.

137,

[xr/Seva eK^rjvat €k t^s veu><s

f^^XP'-

t^ôvs yevrjTai.

§ 25. eireBrjixovv] ' was Still in the country' ie. in Lesbos, 12

before he had sailed for the coast of Thrace. Reiske wrongly,

' Athenis adhuc versabar '—supposing the speaker to have gone

there from Aenos, before returning to Lesbos.

§ 26. ev fjiev T17 yrf\ The fiev is taken up by oTrtos S' ij<âv.

on land he had certainly deen killed, they said, but how the body

had disappeared, they could not tell.

av eSwaro] The imperf. with av might mean either (i) he

would not 710W be able [as in fact he is] : or (2) he would not,

at the supposed past time, have been able : the imperf differing

here from the aor. in expressing the man's state, and not merely

his abihty for a certain act at a certain moment. ' He probably

would not have been i?i a cofidition to control his own movements '.

§27. oTTTifp] A poet, word used by Xen. in this sense,

Cyr. IV. 6. 17.

KciT eyw] ' Nevertheless, I concede [I will take for granted]

the assertion of the prosecutors, Trape)(6ii.evo<;, although I bring

witnesses ', etc. elra, = after all that I have proved : cp. Plat.

Prot. 327 c.

§ 28. avSpos reOv. koX €k^.] 'When a man had been killed

and was being thrown overboard'

:

= oreeTedvijKeL koL i$e(3dXX€To.



i64 SELECTIONS. [Antiphon

Blass inserts eVriêfteVou before koX ck/?., cp. § 45 : unnecessarily,

I think.

13 M'7 on-okoyovfTiv aTroâvetv] Frank would write o/xoX. \i.ri aTToO.,

but the unusual order arises from the eager stress on the negative.

Thuc. VI. 1 8, ov jxovov iiTLOVTa Tts afjivveraij dXXd kol firj ottws crrctcrt

irpoKaraXafjif^dviL, t. e. ottcos /ai^ eTreiori.

§ 29. TO al/i,a] So the mss., but the corn n aT/xa is almost

certain. For the position of rt cp. Dem. Phil. in. § 47, Io-ti

Totvw Tts ivr]6r]s Xoyos : Sopll. A/. 468, Kal SpiZv rt -^piqcTTov.

ovK cve^wpet] ' But when they found that this theory was

inadmissible '.

diroTpaTrofxevoL. . .avWa/SovTc? i/3aa:'\ The second part, belongs

more closely to the verb : cp. Plat. Phaed. p. 70 a, (17 i/î'x'v) Siao-Ke-

SaaOe'icra ot^-qraL ^laTtTOfxivq,

§ 30. ^Xavpov\ ' compromising '.

2. Peroration: §§ 81—96.

§ 81. TCKprjpiwv . . .(Tr)fiuoii\ Arist.'s distinction between the

conclusive rcKp-qpLov and the fallible o-iqjxelov is not clearly drawn

by earlier writers, though TiKfii^pLov oken = '3. />r00/'. Antiphon

ap. Ammon. 127, rd Trapw^^Tj/xeVa o"r]peLOL<; TrKXTwcraL rd 8e fieXXovja

TeKjxrjpLOL?,—where a-qp^la = indications furnished by facts, reKfi-rj-

pLa - grounds of conjecture:

and so Andok. De Pace § 2, Trcpi toji/

fteXAoVrwi/. Here, however, TCK/xT^'pta are rather positive proofs

crr][Xf.la, si^/tS.

Tovs Kivhvvovs] ' their appointed dangers '.

§ 82. yuij KaOapoi'^ SC. 6vTe<;. Xen. Cj'r. III. I. 16, Tt ^^pT^VaiT*

ai' Tts icr^vpw ry avSpeto), )u,7y croicfipovt;

crui/€to-;S(j^T€s] Xen. Cj'r. VIII. I. 25, wcnrep ol nXelv alpovp.evoL

fierd Twv eucre/3wi/ âXXov ^ /xcTa twv 7]crel37]KevaL tl Sokovvtojv. Cp.

Aesch. 77/f(^. 598—600: Hor. Od. in. 2. 26: Eur. ^/. 1354.

14 SLaKO}XvovTe<; . .

.

[xrj ytyvecrâi] Xen. Anal). II. 3. 3, 6vo/X€V(a

livaL cTTt fiacrcXia ovk eytyvcTo ra tepa, Opp. tO KaXa rjixtv ra. icpa t^v.

The pollution incurred by the slaying of the Persian heralds hin-

dered the sacrifices at Sparta from being favourable until the

/A^vts of Talthybius had been appeased. Her. vn. 134.

§ 83. Tovrcjv p.dpTvpf.%\ Steph. supplies Kai fxoi dvd(3rjT€.



pp. 13— IS] NOTES. 1C5

§ 85. oi/Aai Se Ktti iJ/xwi'] Dobree's emendation, Seo//ai Se /cat

vix^v, is the simplest, but gives less point than oT/xai 8c koX (7r/u<\-)

ti/x.(i3j/ (eTi/ai) airoij/.

Ktt^' ovs ftev a7r7;;i(^?;v] ' I am not liable to the laws under which

I was arrested, while as to the acts with which I am charged, I

can still be brought to trial in the legal form '. He was arrested

for KaKovpyia : if that means (fyovos, he can still be tried for it by a

ypcL^-q fôvov : if it means anything else, he is innocent.

ct 8e ^vo i$ £i/os] ' If two trials havebeen made out

of one, 15

the fault is not mine, but that of the accusers. When, however,

my worst enemies have left me the chance of a second trial, surely

you, the impartial awarders of justice, will never pronounce on

the present issue a premature verdict of murder'. In d yeyeVryo--

60V, TmroLrjKacnv he assumes that he will be acquitted now, and

tried again. For the form of the sentence, ov Sj^ttov, k.t.X., cp.

Plat. Gorg. 512 A, Aoyiêrai ow on ovx.^ et \iiv T19, k.t.X.

§ 86. ôn Ti Kttt Tw xpo'i'w] ' Leave some scope for that other

witness—Time '. Cp. Hor. Sat 11. 2. 94, Das aliquidfamae.

T^^Lovv ix€v] ' I should certainly desire, judges, that in sucli

cases [of alleged murder] the sentence (tt/V 8lki^v) should be in

accordance with the laws, [/.e. that death should be inflicted if

deserved,] but that the investigation should, in every possible

instance, be regulated by justice' (to htKaiov). Sauppe inserts

TovTov<i {sc. Tovs vojuou?) bcforc TO BiKaLov, thus Weakening, I think,

the antithesis between 'the laws' as the standard of punishment,

and 'justice' as the canon of inquiry. yîow like i/SovXoiJLyjv,

§ I, noê.

§ 87. xprjaOai ry St'/c?;] ' abide by the sentence '.

ovre rrjv SUrjy, k.t.X.] ' No one would dare, through confi-

dence in his own innocence, to contravene the seufaicc when once

pronounced, or, if conscious of his guilt, to rebel against the law '.

For a true antithesis, the italicised phrases should express opposite

notions : but they are, in fact, merely different forms of the same

notion. Cp. the false antithesis in Lys. /;/ £rat § 32, xi'V^'

Se crc.TroXO ju.aXA.ov rots fx^XXovaiv aSt/cws aTroOaviiddai firjvvT7]v

yeviaOat rj tows aSi/cws aTroXovfj-evov; avXXafJiftavtLV : where ' those

who are about to die unjustly ' should properly be contrasted with

those 'who are about to perish unjustly'.

J.12




§ 88. Stw/Aoo-iai—To/u,ia—Trpopp^^crets] Oaths taken by the parties

to a trial—the sacrifices on which they swear [see § 12]—the

notices to the accused [§ 10]. For rrpoppyja-is see Plat. Ze^g. 873 a,

Trpoppi]cr€i<;...Ta<i Trepl rov twv vofXipiOiv e'lpyeo-Qai. [Deni.] /// Ncaer.

§ 9, trpoâviv auTw cttI IlaXAaoia) <jiovov.

^ KOI eVi Tois aXX.] Cp. § 23. If the sentence were negative {oi

haîpovTa, k.t.X.) Kat might Stand : as it is, we must surely omit it.

§ 89. ovK la-ov 1(ttl\ ' It is less serious that the prosecutor should

accuse wrongly than that you, the judges, should decide wrongly '.

1Q OVK e'xei reXos] ' achieves no result : the result depends (iv) on

you and on the trial '.

§ 90. Sio/xoo-a/xe'vovs] * when they have first taken the usual

oath ' (made in ypacjial (j)6vov), and not merely the ordinary Biwfio-

aia of parties to a law-suit. Cp. § 12.

KciKet] in the other trial also.

§91. /ncrayvous ya.p\ sc. Tts : cp. Hes. Oj>. 12, r-qv fxiv k€v

iTTaivrjdm. votjaas. Cobet's av Tts to yeyovos bravopOuiaaiTO is more

ingenious than probable.

rjhr} 8e Ticrtv] Alluding to the debate (427 b.c.) in the Athenian

ekklesia on the fate of Mytilene, when Kleon's proposal of a

massacre was first carried and afterwards rescinded—about ten

years before the probable date of this speech.—Kat fjLCTeiJiiXrjaev,

'have actually repented' : cp. Aesch. Ag. 269.

(aTToXeAvKoViv)] conj. Weidner : u/x,tv ov8' Blass. Vulg. v/x.c3v

Tots iâTTaTrjOilcn.

§ 92. •n-apaxpi7/Aa] i.e. while the purpose is still clearly present

to his mind. From another point of view, an ijiterval between

the planning and the execution might be urged as heightening the

deliberate character of the act : but here the contrast is merely

between l/^wtoi/ and aKovaiov.

Ty]v icn]v...ovv. e., ocrTtsJ = tcrov ouiâTat, ctreTis-.-ctTe. Up. i hue.

VI. 14, vojUtê TO KaXws apât tovt eTvat, os av rrjv TrarptSa wcjieXTJarj.

17 § 93- "'^^ ^^ TTtcTTeiJwv] The parenthesis beginning at el yap

Tw ToiouTO) interrupts the constr., which is resumed by lyw S'

i[xavT<a, k.t.X., t^'ko) cts vjxas. Cp. §§ II, 12.

o-wetSort.. .^wetSevat] The mss. of Antiphon fluctuate between

<Tvv and $w : thus in § 78 of this speech û/x/Jo'Xwv and m § 87

^weiSws. So all mss. have atet in § 50 : nearly all etvcKa in



pp. 15— I S] NOTES. 1G7

§ î, etc. : in Tefr. B. a. 5} 3 o"Sa/«,ei' is a well-attested variant

for lafxiv : and in De C/ior. § 45 e's for eis.

\rrjv\ Ti[x<x>pLav . . .TavTrjv\ Sauppc and Kayser seem right in

omitting T-qv : yet cp. Lys. In Agor. § 30, 77 8e a.pxrj avTq...lyiv(.To,

note, p. 217. The sense is: 'believing that this (javr-qv, sc. T-qu

Tifj.wpLav) has come upon her as a punishment for her impieties '.

§ 94. TovTo jxlv yap] ' For on the one hand, if you listen

to me '—the correl. clause, tovto 8i, tov tovtols, being compressed

into TOV Se TovVots. This is better than to understand, ' if you

listen to me in this matter'.

yvwpicTTat, K.T.A.] ' On the present occasion, then, take a

survey of the case; on the next, sit in judgment on the witnesses;

form now an opinion, but defer a decision, on the facts '. Cp.

Ihuc. VI. 87, p-f]0' ws StKacrTat...T(3v qfjuv Trotov/xei/wv, fJL'qO' cos crw-

^poviaTai See introd. on Antiphon's style, p. 149.

§ 95. pacTTOv 8e Tot eo-jtv] Dobree's conj. for apais Tw;/ Si

Toi, found in all the mss. except N, which omits them. Scaliger

aTratatcuv 8e : Reiske dpa 1(tt u) avSp«s oXov icrriv.

§ 96. otn-c.-Trapet's] 'with due regard to your conscience as 18

well as to my own right' : cp. § 7.

IV. HEPI TOY XOPEYTOY] The speech On the Cho-

reutes relates to the death of Diodotos, a boy who was in

training as member of a chorus to be produced at the Thargelia,

and who was poisoned by a draught given to him to improvehis voice. The accused is the choregus, an Athenian citizen,

who discharged that office for his own and another tribe, and

at whose house the chorus received their lessons. The accuser,

Philokrates, brother of the deceased Diodotos, laid an information

for poisoning before the Archon Basileus ; and, after some delay,

the case came before the Areiopagos. It was not contended

that the accused had intended to murder the boy, but only that

he had ordered to be administered to him the draught which

caused his death. According to Athenian law this was, how-

ever, a capital offence. The present speech is the second made

by the defendant, and the last, therefore, of the trial. Its date

may probably be placed about 412 b.c, : see Aftic Orators, i. 62.

A short extract is given here as illustrating the greater ease and

freedom of Antiphon's later style, which is already beginning to

emancipate itself from the stiffness of the auarrypa app-ovia.

J2 2



1 68 SELECTIONS. [Antiphon—Andokides

Narrative: §§ ii— 15.

§ II. ets ®apy?;'A.ta...Aiovuo-iots] The second day of the

ThargeUa was celebrated by a procession and a musical contest

(a'ywV) between choruses of boys: Herm. A?it. 11. § 60. 21. At

the Dionysia the chorus would have been dramatic.

ovre ^T^/xiojo-as, k.t.X.] ' Without fining any man [the last resort],

without extorting pledges [from the parent who demurred to

sending his son], without (even) incurring any dislike'.

aAA' wcTTrep av . . .liri.ix.TTov\ * But, just as if the business in hand

were most agreeable and advantageous to both parties, I mademy demand or request, while the parents sent their sons without

compulsion,—indeed, with good will'. The full construction

would be : aA.A.' (outw lylyv^ro) wdTTtp av eytyvcro (et rySicrra k.t.X.

eyiyvcTo) : and the clause ovtw eytyvero is represented by cyw jxlv

iKeXevov, k.t.X.

^TovfiTjv] So Bekk. for ms. -^yovixrjv, which could mean only

'I conducted the levy'(sc. tt^s o-wWoy^?). eK€A.eDov = 'I invited'

(the official invitation being equivalent to a command : cp. Fr.

inviter) : yrovfirjv softens this down, ' or rather, I made a personal

request' : corresponding to the gradation of ekovtcs—ISovXofxevoL.

§ 12. Trpdy/iara] 'for I happened to be engaged in cases

against Ariston and Philinos, and was anxious to lose no time

after the impeachment (eto-i^yyctXa) in making a due and formal

statement to the Council and to the Athenian pubHc'. Philinos

and two other persons had been charged by the speaker with

embezzling public monies, as appears from §§ 21, 55. Antiphon

wrote a speech Kara ^tXtVou {Attic Orators, i. 63 note).

el Ti Se'oi T(3 xop(a\ Cp. Eur. Suppl. 594, Iv Sei /Aovof /Ltot. Usu-

ally Set /xot Ttvos, more rarely Set /tc rti/os.

(cos)] conj. Blass : cp. De Caed. Herod. § 18, aTrapao-KcvoTaror.

19 § ^3- o-wAXeyetv]'

to conduct the levy and act as steward of the

tribe on each occasion', eKdarore, whenever it was called upon

to contribute a chorus to a public festival. The eVi/xeXi^rat twi'

<^vXu}v were responsible to the Archon for the appointment of the

choregi: cp. Dem. Afeid. § 13. Herm. Ant. i. § 149. 8. By rrju

ffivXrjv o-vXXeyeiv belovv is meant to levy (such a contribution) in

the tribe. o-rXXoyets, at Athens, were esp. those who called in

property confiscated to the State : Herm. Ant. i. § 151. 4.

Ka6ei(TT-)]K^L fiiv] Reiske, ixkv ovv : needlessly.



pp. i8, 19] . NOTES. 169

§ 14. ei Tt [fr. rrpocf). ?.] 'If any part of this statement is

false, or made for effect '. .

Tov opKUiTov] The officer of the court who tenders the oath.

See -De Caed. Her. §12.

lôv\oix.i]v av] Dobree's (SovXoiixrjv av is certainly more suit-

able here.

§ 15. Tuvra (T(f)68pa Xeyco] 'insist upon this point ' = 7re/:jt

TovTiiiv la-)(ypit,oiiaL. Reiske inserts ovTUi before o-<ô8pa.

irXrjv ye rr/s ttj^^s] lit., 'putting Fortune out of the question '

:

i.e. 'unless Fortune so ordain it', (viz. that I should himg another

person into peril).

ANDOKIDES.

Andokides : born about 440 B.C.: died later than 390 b.c.

Approximate period of extant work, 410—390 B.C. Life in. Attic

Orators, i. 71—87.

Style. Andokides is less a rhetorical artist than a vigorous

speaker of quick native wit. The ancient criticism of oratory

tended to regard it too much from the reader's point of view,

and too little from the hearer's. This was unfavourable to

Andokides. He is declared by Hermogenes (170 a.d. tn.pX

IS. B. xi.) to be wanting in the distinctive excellences of

practical oratory, deliberative and forensic. His diction is

plain {dcf)eX->]s}, though not with the studied plainness of Lysias.

He is sparing in the use of the rhetorical figures 0/ language

(cryrip.a.Ta Aetews), such as antithesis, parallelism between the

forms of the two sentences (Trapt'o-ojo-t?), or assonance (Trapo/xotoio-ts)

:

though he uses largely the figures of thought {a-yfuiara. SiavoUs:),

such as rhetorical question. In the arrangement of subject-

matter he is simple and inartificial (aTrAous—aKaracrKcvos). His

strength lies in narrative, diversified by anecdote and enlivened

by graphic description—sometimes by touches of true dramatic

power. In addition to these literary merits, his speeches are

of great historical value for the years 415—390 B.C.—See Attic

Orators,i. 88

—108.

On the Worksof

Andokidesin general,

//'. 109— 141.



i;o SELECTIONS. [Andokides

20 I- nEPI TH2 EAYTOY KA0OAOY] Spoken before the

Athenian Ekklesia not later than the summer of 410 B.C. [See

Attic Orators, i. 109. Andok. lays stress on the service which

he has rendered to Athens by securing a supply of corn from

Cyprus: but the battle of Kyzikos in 410 B.C. was followed by the

re-opening of the corn-trade between the Euxine and Athens :

Xen. H. I. I. 35. The benefit for which Andok. claims credit

would have been of little importance had it been conferred

later than the middle of the year 410.] The object of the

speech is to procure the removal of certain disabilities under

which he was alleged to lie. His disclosures in 415 B.C. were

made under a guarantee of immunity from penalties. But the

decree of Isotimides, passed soon afterwards, excluded from the

market-place and from temples all ' who had committed impiety

and who had confessed it'; and his enemies maintained that this

decree applied to him. The appeal was unsuccessful. He re-

turned to Athens only after the general amnesty of 403 B.C.

Having first deprecated the resentment felt against him for

having denounced the mutilators of the Hermae in 415 B.C.

(§v^ I— 9), he proceeds, in the following passage, to speak of his

life in exile—his services to the army at Samos in 411 b. c.

his return to Athens during the rule of the Four Hundred—and

his imprisonment at the instance of Peisandros.

§§ 10— 16.

§ 10. ToV avro% yrous] In 415 B.C., when he had denounced

certain persons as concerned in the mutilation of the Hermae.

avT6<i: he himself it\X. the misery of his position as keenly as those

who condemn him.

irapavoLCL—dvayKy] So in § 7 he says that he had acted

veoTrjTt Tc Koft dvoia. In this speech Andok. distinctly implies that

he was concerned in the sacrilege: this was his ' mad;/css': the

avdyKT] was the necessity of denouncing the guilty, or else allowing

the innocent to perish. In the De Mysteriis (see next Extract),

speaking 11 years later, he protests his own entire innocence.

(Cp. Attic Orators, i. ii3.)

TrpotTTctv ..o(jb^.] 'To live a life and choose an abode in

which I should be as far as possible out of your sight': ottov, as

relative to rotuiSra no less than to IkCi, — iv ots, or d Trpdrrwy.—uTTov ju,eAXot/xt, oblique for ottou ui^ /xiXXw.



pp. 20, 2i] NOTES.. 171

eKcivT^s-.-SeDpt] 'A longing for that civic and social life with

you in Athens {iKeivq^), from which I passed into this exile'

(Sevpi). He is speaking at Athens ; but the words describe his

feeling in banishment. The vividness is characteristic of An-

dokides.

§11. e/c Se tou'tou] * from that moment '—which the context

fixes to 411 B.C.

Twj/ TerpaKoo-tW] The Four Hundred were in power from

March to June, 411 B.C. For the details of the Revolution, see

the life of Antiphon in the Attic Orators^ i. 7 f.

StSovTos rejaveo-ât] Archelaos, king of Macedon (413—399

B.C.), had given Andok. leave to cut down and export timber

for oar-spars. Macedonia was the great timber-market of Greece

(Xen. Hdlen. vi. i. 11). See my note on Theophrastus Char.

XXIII ( = vi. p. 195), where the aXa^wv boasts that Antipater has

offered

him'the

privilege of exporting timber free of duty'

(eâywyi^ûAwi/ areA-i^s).

TreWe Spax/Acov] gen. of price :* at the rate of five drachmas

(for each KWTreu's).

oo-ov €/xot Ka7i(Trt]a-a.v\ ocrov, not ocrov :* the sum in which they

stood me '—the cost-price.

§ 12. ivLKTjaav] Referring to the Athenian victory at Kynos- 21

sema in 411, and perh. a/so to that at Kyzikos in 410 B.C.

T. T^s airtas] ' this merit ' or ' credit '. Cp. Aesch. T/iek 4, ei

fjiev yap ev Trpafat/xev, atria Oeov.

el yap, k.t.X.] ' For if the supplies had not been imported for

the army at that time, the prospect before them was not a chance

of saving Athens, but a risk of losing their own lives '. klvSwo? rjv

is equivalent to an apodosis with av and aor. indie, (as etKoxMs

ovK av(.aoicrav).

Cp. Thuc.III.

74, 77ttoA-is eKivSwevcre

Trdaa 8ta-

(^daprjvai, d aVeôs eTreyeVero. Cp. Aeschin. Ctes. § 1 23 (where

lKLvhvve.va-afxe.v av is a V. 1.).

q TTcpi ToO jUTySe a. cr.] KtVSwo? Trepi rov crwa-ai, a risk in which

the saving of Athens was the thing at stake : kiVSwos irepl toO [xvi^l

avTov^ auiOyjvai = klvSwos [xrj ovS' avTol aoyOelev, a risk /est not even

they themselves should be saved. Hence the fxrjhe: the form

Trept ToS cr(i)OrjvaL being adopted merely for the sake of symmetry

with JTcpt ToO (TcScrai.



172 SELECTIONS. [Andokides

§ 13. ou/t oAtyw, K.T.X.] 'The situation there (ivravda, with

regard to the army at Sanies) proved to be very different from

what I had supposed': i.e. the relations of the army at Samos

with the Four Hundred at Athens were such that the latter

received Andok. not as a friend but as a foe. ex'^vra with ovk

oAtyo) //.oi irapa yvw/x-qv, = irat/v aXXoJS e^ôvTa t) ws VTriXaôv,

§ 14. 01 eTTt orrpartas ovres] 'those upon service', 'the army

abroad': cp. Plat. Phaedr. 260 B, oikoi koX IttX o-Tparcta?, doini

militiacque.o-rpareias is

av. 1.,

but a-rpaTid (see L. and S. s. v.)

sometimes = arpareLa. The army at Samos was the mainstay of

the Democracy against the oligarchical Revolution : cp. Affic

Orators, I. 9.

§ 15. rrjv ecTTLav—tcov icpwv] The hearth of the HovXevrijpiov

was called 'Eo-rta BovAata (Aeschin. i^ Z. § 45). In Andok. Z>e

Alyst. § 44, threatened persons €7rt rr/i/ ia-TLav lKaBit,ovro.—toIv upwv,

' the sacred precincts ' of the altar.

ei?...Toi)s 6f.ov<;, K.T.X.] âlthough it was against the gods that I

was said to have sinned, the gods seem to have been more

merciful to me than men ' : eôi'Ta (ace. masa^^wetS?/, because he

was charged with having profaned the Mysteries and mutilated

the Hermae.

01! 897, K.T.A.] 'And then it was' [at this point in my

fortunes]'

that I most bewailed ray fate:

1 who, at a momentwhen the People seemed to be in evil plight' [the Democracy

having been overthrown], 'suffered in their stead, and further,

when I was found to have been the People's benefactor, was con-

demned to new misery on this account' : i.e. Andok. suffered first

as a democrat, and secondly as a patriotic democrat. The anti-

thesis is defective, since the overthrow of the Democracy (KaKov-

o-dai) cannot*properly be contrasted with the benefits which it had

received from Andok.—Cp. Thuc. viii. 68, tu twu TerpaKoa-LiDv...

VTTU tot} ^TjfXOV eKaKOVTO.

22 § 16. ctTrwAAu/xTjv] A corn suggested by Bekker. aTroXoiprjv

might stand if for oWi? we wrote d : and this would also account

for the now redundant e'yoj. But, considering etôi', I think it

more likely that the copyist's eye had wandered to TpaTroipnqv.

KOL cK TovTtov, K.T.X.] '

cveuafter

myescape

from these perils,

grave as they were' : i.e. undeterred b)- this warning. We cannot



pp. 21, 22] NOTES.

well render, ' even under these circumstances, grave as they were,

when I had escaped' ; for aTraXXayets clearly belongs to the pre

cedmg words.

II. nEPI TQN MYSTHPmN]—Date, 399 B.C.—Andokides

had laid information, in 415 B.C., against certain persons whom

he accused of complicity in the mutilation of the Hermae. He

did so on the guarantee of impunity (aSeta) which a special decree

of the Assembly had given to all who should inform. Subse-

quently anotherdecree was passed—known

as the decreeof

Isoti-

mldes—that all who had committed impiety, and had confessed it,

should be excluded from the market-place and the temples.

Andokides had returned to Athens under the amnesty of 403

B. c. His accusers now (399 b. c.) charge him with having broken

the decree of Isotimides by attending the Mysteries and entering

the temple at Eleusis. The form of the accusation is an eVSetîs

a(T€/3etas, an ' information ' charging him with impiety. But, in

order to prove that he came under the decree of Isotimides, they

had to show that he had committed impiety in 415 B.C.

His speech is to show that he had not done so, either by

profaning the Mysteries or by mutilating the Hermae. The

Mysteries, from which it takes its title, is only one of its topics.

It would be better described as a Defence on a Charge of Impiety.

As to the Mysteries, Andok. affirms that he neither profaned them

himself nor informed against others as having done so(§§ 112)Z).

But his account of the Hermae affair is the most important part

of the speech. (Analysis of the whole in the Attic Orators, i. 117.)

I. Tlie Alutilation of the Herviae. — Infoi'niation laid by

Teukros and Dioklcides : §§ 34—45.

§ 34. Twv ava^T^jLtaTwv] = riav 'Ep/xwi', ' the images ', as dedi-

cated to the god. Cp. § 62, d 'Ep/x7/s...6V 17 kly-qi^ (the Aegeid

tribe) diedrjKe. The 'Ep/xat were plain four-cornered posts sur-

mounted by a head or bust.

aSetav evpd/xevos] 'having obtained special permission'. Teukros

was a /xeroLKos who had withdrawn to Megara, and had thence

sent word to the Athenian Council that he would give information

regarding the Mysteries and the Hermae if he received license to

do so (et ot aSemv Soiei'). Thereupon the Council Ixp-qc^CaaTo ryv

oiSetav, and sent for him (§ 15).

—dSetu, technical term for the

authorisation required by a non citizen (/ueVoiKos, i^vos, SovXos)




who desired to accuse anyone of an offence against the State,

by an a.Tiixo<i before he could exercise any civic right,

—or by a

citizen who proposed to re-enfranchise an an/xo?.

ttTToypaêt] ' denounces ', in a ' Hst ' or ' return ' (aTroypa^Tj)

presented to the BouAi;, which the Ekklesia had invested with

plenary powers for the occasion (§15, avTOKparoip).

ol Se o". d-nreOavov] Grote (vii. 268) doubts this assertion

(cp. Thuc. VI. 53, 60), but it is incidentally confirmed by the

statement ascribed to Charmides in § 49. See Affic Orators, i. 122.

23 § 36. Tojv ^v^TT^Twi/] ' The Commission of Inquiry ' specially

appointed by the Ekklesia. Cp. § 14, âOa t,r]TrjT7]<;, w Aioyv-qre,

ore HvdovLKO? elcryjyyetXev iv Tw ST^'/xa) -rrepl 'AA./<t/3taSou, ' impeached

A. in the Assembly '.

cTTi rfii Tov Sijfiov K.] ' with a view to the overthrow of the Com-

monwealth '. Sv^'/xou Kard\v(TL<;, the crime of attempting to subvert

the democratical government,

—often coupled with the more

general TrpoSocria Tr}<; TroXews : for each there was a ypaîf. Lysias'

or. 25 is Srjjxov KaraXvcrews aTToXoyta.

TO a-qixetov KaOeXoi] ' took down the signal ',—displayed from

the j3ovX€vTr]pLov to show that it was time to meet, and taken down

when business was about to commence. There was a similar

arjfxuov for the Ekklesia (Ar. Thesm. 277) and for the law-courts

(

Vesp. 690).

§37. eio-ayy. ets t. ^.] 'lays an impeachment before the

Council '.

to98' tSot, K.T.X.] ' and stated how he had chanced to become

an eye-witness of the plot '. cos here = otw rpoTrw : below § 40 to?

tSoi= merely ' that he had seen '.

§ 38. aTToôpav] ' He said that he had a slave at Laurium,

and that he had occasion to go for a payment due to him'.

aTTOKJiopd, the ' return ' or * profit ' accruing to the master from the

labour of his slave. Aeschin. lu Tiniarch. § 97, (shoe-making

slaves) uiV €Kao-TOS rovrw Si;' oySoXous d-Ko<ôpdv '^(f)ep€ T17? rj/xipa^.

Travo-eXrjvov] Plut. Alkib. 20, els 8' a.vrQ>v (the informers) epco-

Twp.cvos oTTws Ta TTpoVwTra Twv ep/xoKOTTtScov yvwpto-ete, xat airoKptva-

/uci'os on Trpos aeXTjVTjv, ecrcfidXr] tou ttuvtos (made a fatal slip), eViys

Koi ve'as ovar)<i (the new moon) ore ravr' iSpdro. So Diod. XIII. 2.

Grote (vii. 271) rightly treats this part of the story as a later



pp. 22—24] NOTES. 175

fiction. If Diokleides had made such a blunder, Andok. would

not have failed tonote

it.

(Cp. Atiic Orators,i.

1 23.)

TO irpoir. ToB A., k.t.X.] ' When he had come to the gateway

of Dionysos ' [the entrance to the h-rjvaiov, the enclosure sacred to

Dionysos on the s. e. of the Akropolis], ' he saw several persons

descending from the Odeum ' [of Perikles, close to the Dionysiac

Theatre on the e.] ' into the orchestra ' [the open central space of

the Theatre]. 'Afraid of them, he drew into the shade, and

crouched down between the pillar and the column with the bronze

statue of the General' [just inside the TrponvXaiov, as da-€.\6w

seems to indicate, and covered by its shadow].

dva TreVre koL SeKa] ' in groups of fifteen '.

§ 39. ToW u7reêTo...o7rws] 'Thus, in the first place, judges,

he assumed this story—a most extraordinary one—in order, I fancy,

that it might rest with him to include in this list any Athenian he

pleased, or at pleasure to exempt him '. roW vTreOero, made this

(the story of the moonlight scene) the l>asis of his evidence :

SeivoT. Tvp. in appos. with tovto, 'a most strange', 'an incredible

affair '. I now prefer this version to rendering :' He made this

assumption, viz. that it was in his power ', where ottcos would = ws

or oTi, in sense of ' that '.

§ 40. KaTaXa/i,/?avetv] So below, Xe'yeti/. The infins. might = 24KaTeXdjxâvov, eXeyov, but perhaps represent rather the vivid

KaraXa/x^Savw, Xeyco used by Diokleides in his narrative.

iv TwX-

Ko-O.] 'sitting in his forge'—he being a x^-^k^v^-

TO 'Hc/)atcrT€tov] The guild of smiths, and perhaps artisans

generally, held the annual festival of the x^'^Keta to Hephaestus

early in Nov. (Pollux vii. 105). The 'HâtcrTctoi/, or temple of

H., was on the w. of the Agora, having the Stoa Poikile just above

it (Paus. I. 14. 6). For the custom of taking oaths in a temple,

cp. Plat. J^rot328

C, e\6wv CIS lepov, oix6aa<s, ocrov av cftyj a^ta

elvat Ttt fxaOrjfxaTa, ToaovTOV KareOrjKe.

ovKovv SiOLTo] 'Now, he said, he did not desire'—oblique

for OVKOVV Seoyuai, after a secondary tense (e'^17 in § 39).

Koi vvv ^KeLv «.]' and said, " Now pray come to the house of

L., that you and I may there confer with A. and the other

needful persons".' Euphemus said : vw rjni (xol eh t-^v A. oLKtav :

this becomes, Eiltî^y/Aos (AiOKXetSryv) vvv yKeLV OL iKeXivae, and,

in the oblique form, e<^->7 t6v Evc^r^/ioi/ vvv rjKUV KcXevcrai 01.—01 =




' to oblige him ' (Euphemus). KcXei^'eiv does not, in Attic prose,

take a dat. of the person commanded.

§ 41. i7K€tv...K07rrctv] The oblique of y\Kov koX St; ckotttov :

* The next day, he said, I was there [77KOV, I came promptly or

pn7ichially\, and was in the act of knocking at the door ' : Kat l-q =

'and even now'.

apa. ye ere, k.t.X.] 'Are you the visitor whom the company

here expect? Well, one ought not to reject such friends—and

with these words he was gone'. ot'Se

—Andokides and the others

who were already at the house of Leogoras : o-e', Diokleides.

Ace. to D.'s story, the father of Andok. gives him a parting hint

not to reject the overtures about to be made to him by the

conspirators.—aTrwA-Ave, ' sought to ruin '.

§ 42. oTi /3ouXeij(rotTo] 'that he would think it over'. He

said, ySowXeucro/xat : the fut. opt. here, as always, being the oblique

of the fut. ind. after a secondary tense.

Kaô/xoXoyTfcra?, /c.T.X] 'concluded an agreement with us, and

gave us pledges on the Akropolis ' (by taking an oath in one

of the temples : cp. on § 40).—8tai/f£i;S.—StSoVat, oblique pres.

rather than imperf : 'fail to keep our word or to pay': as i]kîv

for -^/cw rather than t;kov.

25 § 43. TO eVt %K.a.p.a.v^{)lov i/'r/'^.] A i/o/c^tcr/xa forbidding that

citizens shouldbe put to the torture. A decree of the BouXt/

(then temporarily invested with plenary powers) could of course

suspend this.—Cp. Herm. Ant. i. § 141. 15.

oTTws [hi] . . .l<TTo.i\ This would be regular in an tf/y>^/-clause

(as (tkottG) ottcos \i.yi eorat) : here, in a final clause, we should

expect rather oVcos \iri ^. But the notion of contriving hoiv

the object may be attained is uppermost, and so the clause

is virtually afi object-clause. Xen. Cyr. 11. i. 21, ouSe 8t' eV aXXo

Tp€cj)ovTaL ij oTrcos fji.a)(ovvTaL. Goodwin § 44. I.

§ 44. irrl TTJv ecTTtW] Cp. note on De Red. § 15, p. 172.

§ 45. efeXôDcra, k.t.X.] ' The Council, after retiring to a secret

conference, had us seized and put in the pillory. Then they sum-

moned the Generals before them' [avaKoK. up to the jSovXevTijpLov),

' and ordered them to proclaim that those Athenians who lived in

the city should proceed under arms to the market-place,

—those at

the Long Walls, to the Theseum,—those in the Peiraeus, to the



pp. 24 26] NOTES. 177

market-place of Hippodamus ; that before dawn the Knights

should sound the trumpet-call to the Anakeum ; that the Senate

should go to the Akropolis, and sleep there ; and that the

Presidents should sleep in the Rotunda'. toijs 8' iv fxaKpw Tct'xet

:

cp. ThuC. II. 17, Ta T€ jxaKpa Tf-t-XO ^Krjaav Karavet/xa/Aej/ot kol toC

neipatws Tct TToXXd. The swg. here prob. of the two main long

walls (the ' Northern' and the ' Middle '), with the space enclosed

by them, conceived as a district.—'IttttoS. dyopuv, the market-

place of the Peiraeus. 'AvaKeLov, temple of the Dioskuri (avuKes),

N.w. of Akropolis.^

—©oXos, a circular building, with dome, near

the BovXevTtjpiov in the Agora : the Prytanes and ypajn/xaTets dined

there, Dem. jFals. Legat. § 249.

6771. Tots dptots...e|€crr.] 'had taken the field, and were on the

frontier'.

cSetTTvci] ' was entertained '. The privilege of daily o-tT->yo-ts Iv

JIpvTaveLt^ (Ar. Jâ?i. 764) was given either for a limited period or

for life (aetcrtTos) : here the imperf. shows that at least more than

one day is meant.

2. T/ie Disclosures of Andokides : §§ 48^69.

§ 48. eTreiSv} 8e] The apodosis is Xcyct Trpos p,e X. Compare 26

the prison-scene in Lysias, Agoiât. §§ 39 f.

oTt, 'AvSoKtS?;, K.T.A.] oTi redundant before the direct quotation

:

Xen. Cyr. vii. 3. 3, aTreKptvaTo OTt, (3 hecnrora, k.t.A. Goodwin § 79.

§ 49. ovSh eSeo'/Aijv] ' I had no wish to speak or to give you

pain'. But iSeofxrjv fxr]8ev Atyeiv, ' I wished to say nothing'. Cp.

§ 40, ovKovv Se'oiTo, 'did not desire'.

ots yap ixB^] 'Your other friends (exP'-") ^^^^ associates

(a-vvrjcrOa), except US your relations', avev, 'besides', either—

'except' (as here), or 'in addition to'. Cp. Dem. De Cor. § 89,

dVei; Tov KaXrjv S6$av iveyKelv, ' in addition to bringing you fair

fame'. So when Caesar says {Bell. Gall. v. 12) of south Britain,

Materia (timber) cuiusque generis ut in Gallia est, practer fagum

atque abietem, some render 'except'; others, 'in addition to'.

§ 50. TrpwTOV jLte'r] With this series, Trpwrov—etra eireiTa—€Ti, cp. Soph. £1. 261—271, Trpwra—etra—cTretra—reAcvraiov.

avayKatous] ' near relations '. o-uyyevets is the larger term, in-

cluding the more distant degrees of kinship : avayKatot (necessarii)

are those to whom one is bound by the first, the closest natural




ties : as ra avayKoia are those things with which Ufe cannot

dispense.

§ 51. TTorepa ttc/dh'Sw] deliberative subj., to which answers rj

ctTTw : the tense being, as usu., the aor., since the prospective act

will be done once for all, not continued or repeated. But Eur.

Io?i 758, etTTw/xev y] (TLyio[x€v ; 'shall Ave speak [once for all: aor.];

or keep silence ' [pres. of the continued act].

27 aXiT. Twv deoiv] For genit., cp. Aeschin. C/es. § 157, dA-irifptos

T^s 'EAXaSos : Thuc. I. 26, to ayos T^s êas.

§ 53- (o)] added by Reiske.

d /XT] Tis cpet] The vivid construction, instead of d fiij rts

Xeôi or etTTOi, after jSejSaLOS ^v.

aTToâvoWas] Here, as in § 51, the aor. refers, not to those

who had already died (§ 49, ol juev avrtov TeOvdatv), but to those

who were threatened with death. It is stronger than dTroOvya--

KovTtts (cf dTToWvfievovs of the same persons in § 51), just as 'to

see them murdered' is stronger than 'to see them being mur-

dered ': the aor. pictures the deed as accomplished while he

looks on.

§ 54. (v*) r(av aXA-wv] Sluiter and Bekker rightly insert t].

§ 55. (Stt)] added by Reiske.

28 § 56- (aXXtt Trptorov /xev T;/Aas)] Plausible as is the con-

jectural insertion of this clause, I believe that the text is sound

without it. Andok. says :— ' Now, in this trial, judges, nothing

is so important for me as that, if acquitted, I should be acquitted

with honour : and, further, that the general public (tot)s aAA,ovs

d.TTav'Ta.i) should Understand my whole conduct to have been

absolutely free from baseness or cowardice'. He wishes to

be pronounced an honourable man (i) by his judges, (2) by

ot aXXoi aTrav-^s. All that the proposed supplement, dXkd Trpwrov

ixkv vjxa.<;, would give, is already contained in o-wOivri.

§ 57. <^€pe hrj—-^p-q yap] ' Now consider—for a judge ought

to examine the facts by a human standard [av^pwTrtVws—making

allowance for human infirmity], as if the misfortune had been his

own—What would any one of you have done ?' wo-Trep av ovtov

ovra : i.e. wcnrep au {^pur] Xoyiêcrât), avrov ovra {= d awos drj).

A simpler form would liave been wo-Trep dv {sc. Xoytôiro) avros wv.

ct ju,£v yap ^v Suotf] The thought is not completed till the



pp. 26—29] NOTES. 179

end of § 60, xpy'iiiara eXa/Aâve. Briefly, it is this :—

' If it had

been a question between noble death and shameful life, my

conduct might be condemned. But it was really a question

between slaying the innocent by my silence, and saving them at

the expense of the guilty, by speaking out. Therefore I spoke'.

—In the series of clauses, note these points :—(i) All is plain

down to Tov KaAcos airoOavfiv. (2) ottov Se toijtwv begins a protasis

which has no formal apodosis. The virtual apodosis comes

at § 60, {ravTa h\ iravTa o-kottiuv, * considering all these things,

I say') evpLCTKov, 'I found' that the least evil was to speak.

(3) The protasis begun by oirov hi xouVwv is interrupted by the

parenthesis AiokXciSi;? ju-ci/ yap...vix2v a rjKovaa. Then the con-

sequences of his silence are pursued in hi S€...dTT<jjX.Xvov, the long

parenthesis having broken the original construction, ^v a-njiwijaavTi

fji.ev...diroXXvvai. (4) The new independent constr. is continued

in describing the consequences of his speaking : elwoiv 8e rd ovra,

K.T.X. Then at § 60 comes the result, prefaced by the summary,

ravra Se Travra (tkottwu.

§ 58. oTToi; Se TovT(j)v...ixr] etTrdvTos] ' But here the case was the

very reverse : by keeping silence I must have perished ignomini-

ously in my innocence, and must also have permitted the destruc-

tion of my father, of my brother-in-law, of all my cousins and

relations, whom I and no one else threatened with death, by

concealing the guilt of others. The falsehoods of Diokleides had

sent them to prison ; their only hope of deliverance lay in the

Athenians learning the whole truth. I was in danger, therefore,

of becoming their murderer, if I failed to tell you what I had

heard. I was also in danger of destroying three hundred Athe-

nians, and of involving Athens in the most serious evils. This,

then, was the prospect if I were silent '.

§ 60. Kol TifjLwprjaacrOaL] The conjectural insertion before 29

these words of kol o-wcrat re Ty/Aus is as needless as the similar

insertion in § 56 (where see ;/.), since the thought is contained in

OS 77/xas fjiev aTTwXXveu (was seeking to destroy). iKelvov follows

ALOKXethrjv as it often follows avTov, e.g. Plat. I'rol. 310 D, av avrw

SiSws dpyvptov Kol 7ru9r]<i €Kf.lvov : see Shilleto on Thuc. i. 132,

§ 61. ov yivoLTo hi e/x,e] Notice the opt. yivono preceded by

eicrr}y7](TaTO, avTetTrov, and followed by ettcctoi/, k.t.X.—all depending

on i$r]Xeyia oTi. The Optative has the effect of presenting this



i8o SELECTIONS. [Andokides

particular statement, not simply as a fact, but as a quotation of

what was confessed by the conspirators. It is the oblique form

of ovK lyiv€To Si' 'AvSokiSt/v :

'I proved the facts,

—that E. pro-

posed this plan, etc., and that {as they said) it was I who " hin-

dered the plan from being executed at the time " .'

iv Kvv'ocrapyet] to Kwo'crapyes, a gymnasium, with a sanctuary

of Herakles, on the E. side of Athens, near the Ato/x,ct'a -nvky].

§ 62. Tov 'E. Tov Trapa to $.] 'The Hermes by the Phorban-

teum '—the ripwov of Phorbas, perh. the hero of that name wor-

shipped in Rhodes as having banished snakes from the island

(Diod. V. 58), and also famed in myth as a boxer (schol. ad

Hom. //. XXIII. 660, etc.). The idea of Trapa with acais., in such

general indications of position, is—

' that which one sees ivhcn one

goes past' the place. We may render it ^ by\ irapa with dat.,

' beside ', is more precise.

§ 6t,. Sctka cTToiow] ' On finding this out, the conspirators

were horrified that I should know of the deed without having hada hand in it'. Her. iii. 14, KXaiovTuiv koX Setva Trotewroji' : also

Setvov TTotcti' II. 121, etc. More commonly Setvoj/ iroL^laOai. In

Dionys. Thuc. 23, SstroTrotciv tcc irpdyiiara = to heighten their tragic

effect.

30 St' 77/>ias] ob nos prodifos. 'Otherwise our enmity will be more

effectual than any friendships that you can make by betraying us '.

§ 64.a-uTot?...eK€iVois]

ForIk.

followingavTots in

reference tothe same persons, see note on § 60.

o5s ovv .

.

.IkCivoi\ 'In support of this statement, I gave up my

own slave for the torture, (to prove) that I had been ill,' [imperf.,

was at the past time in question,] 'and unable even to leave my

bed; and the Presidents received [for examination] the female

slaves in the house from which the conspirators set forth to begin

their work '. oQiv = ck t'^s otKtas ii lys.

§ 65. <j)pdcrai\ 'on condition of revealing '.

(prjyova-Lov] Of the deme of Phegeus near Marathon.

§ 66. Aa/5ovTes Tct oTrXa ajr.] 'and you yourselves' (aurot, the

Athenian citizens generally, as represented by the court) ' took up

your arms and went home '. The order given in the panic had

been, toOs p-lv iv aorct oiKovi/ras uVat eis rrjv ayopdv tu bnXa XafSov-

Tos, K.T.X., § 45.



pp. 29— 31] NOTES. 181

§ 67. (av)] added by Reiske.

TTia-Tiv Twv iu a. avr]. ' The most traitorous of all possible

compacts ' : Trt'crrtv, the pledge given by the conspirators /o

each other: a-KKnoTaTt], most disloyal to the State. Cp. Aesch.

Theb. X021, TO-îvT artjaws TO^TrtTi/xiov XajSelv.

t6t€ 8e'] We might expect roVe 817, turn de/uum, then and not 31

sooner : but the thought is (Trporepov /jlIv) a-vveKpvif/a, Tore Se airiyp.

Cp. § 34, note on diroypaêL.

§ 69. a-v Si, K.T.X.] To the ypafXfxaT€v<i of the Court.'

Clerk,call the persons themselves who were released by my means '.

/u.e;^pt TovTov] ' They will come up and give evidence for as

long as you desire to listen to it '.

III. HEPI TH2 nP02 AAKEAAIM0NI0Y2 EIPHNH2.—

The speech On the Peace with Lacedaemon belongs to 390 b. c,

the fourth year of the Corinthian War. Athens, Boeotia, Corinth

and Argos were at this time allied against Sparta. The success of

Agesilaos in 391 had led the Athenians, probably in the winter of

391—90 B.C., to send plenipotentiaries, among whom was Andoki-

des, to treat for peace at Sparta. According to the terms proposed

by the Lacedaemonians, Athens was to retain her Long Walls—rebuilt three years before by Konon—and her fleet ; she was also

to recover Lemnos, Imbros and Skyros : and Boeotia was to be

gratified by the withdrawal of the Spartan garrison from Orcho-

menos. The plenipotentiaries did not use their powers, but

requested that the Athenian ekklesia might have forty days in

which to consider these proposals ; and returned, accompanied by

Spartan envoys, to Athens. It was in the ensuing debate—early

in the year 390—that the speech of Andokides was made. Attic

Orators, i. 83. The genuineness of the speech has been ques-

tioned, but without sufficient reason. One passage of it

(§§3

—12)

was adopted, with slight modifications, by Aeschines {De Fals.

Legat. §§ 172— 176). See Attic Orators, i. 129.

Andok. first shows that a peace with Sparta is not a danger to

the Athenian democracy (§§ i— 12). He then argues that there

is no good reason for continuing the war, and that the proposed

terms are peculiarly advantageous to Athens (^§ 13— 23). If the

Boeotians make peace on their own account, Athens will be left

J- 13



1 82 SELECTIONS, [Andokides

with one weak ally, Corinth, and another of which the policy is

thoroughly selfish—Argos. (§§ 24 27.)

§§ 28—41 (end). Alliance 7vith Sparta is better than alliance

with Argos.— Objectiotis to the Peace answered.

§ 28. Totot'Twv 8' cAtt. /a.] 'Committed, as we are, to such

prospects, we have to choose between joining the Argives in war

against Sparta, and joining the Boeotians in making a peace for the

common interest', r. cAtt. ixeraax-, 'having become sharers in

such hopes', ie. having entered into alliance with States which

have such objects in view as Argos and Boeotia have respectively.

Argos hoped to get Corinth if the war were prolonged (§ 27):

Boeotia was likely to make peace on its own account with Sparta

(§ 24). Koivrj : cp. § 27, jxera Travrwv t<Zv (TVfJL[jid)(0)V t-^v (.Lpr]vr]v

7rOlOV/X€>/OD9.

Bl 77/Aas avTovi\ for our own sakes, opp. to 8t' erepov;. The

words might also mean ' through our own exertions '. In De

Myst. § 63,Bl 77/xas = '

onaccount of (betraying) us '.

§29. yfi-qyap arajui'.] 'For if we are to take a prudent

decision, we must refresh our memory of the past '. Cp. Thuc.

I, 20, Spao-avTc's Ti Kat KtvSui/ei'crat, i.e. 'to do something if they

must risk their lives' (and Shilleto's note) : iv. 11, ras o-êrepas

vavs ^LO.t,o]xkvov^ t>)v aTroâaiv KaTayvvvat, 'tO force the passage,

though they must wreck their ships in doing it'.

32 a -^fjuv e7rpeo-/3evo-£v...7re(ô/x€vot] 'listening to the overtures

made to us by Epilykos, on behalf of Amorges,—the slave of

the Great King, and an exile' : lit, 'as to the proposals made us

by the envoy E.—in regard to these complying with Amorges',

obeying his wishes. Amorges, son of the satrap Pissuthnes,

revolted from Dareios II. [regn. 424—405 B.C.] and established

himself in lasos, a sea-board town of Karia. In 412 b. c. the

Peloponnesitms took lasos, and delivered Amorges to Tissa-

phernes : Thuc. viii. 28 : Grote vii. 504, 535.

§30. SvpaKowtot 8'] In 427 B.C. the chief Ionic cities of

Sicily—viz. Leontini, Naxos and Katana—in alliance with the

Dorian Kamarina, sent an embassy to Athens, with Gorgias at its

head, asking aid against Syracuse. This was the occasion of the

first Athenian expedition to Sicily in 427 B.C. : a second was sent

in 425, and a third in 422. The application of Egesta for help

against Selinus led to the great expedition of 415 B.C. Andok.



pp. 31-33] NOTES. 183

seems to be thinking of the embassies sent by the Ionic Siceliots,

and to imagine that a rival embassy had been sent by Syracuse

which was not the case.

77/xets TOLvvv elAo/i.]. ' Well, we chose then also ' : tolvw ' so ',

'accordingly', i.e. with our usual perversity,

dpicTTiVSr/v] lit. 'merit-wise': atpetcrât apio-rtvSTyi/ (Arist. PoL

II. II. 3) to choose (magistrates) by merit: so ttXoutu'St?!/. Here

the idea is that the best men were chosen out (by destiny) for

destruction. ' Having lost the very flower of our citizens and

allies'. Cp. Her. vi. 21, MtA.7/Vtoi TraVres i](i-r}ôv (from the youth

upwards—all the adults) d-n-eKiLpavTO ras KecfjaXas.

alcrx- 8. 01 o-wêVres avr.] Not a^r;«fl;/ anacolouthon : but we

can see that the speaker's thought has changed its direction. He

began the sentence as if it were to end in some such way as

o/\t'yovs etô/xcf awOevra?. Thuc. VII. 87, cAtyot aVo TroXXijiy eir olkov

aTrevoaT7](rav.

§ 31.vcTTepov S' vir

'Apy.] vcTTepov can be justified only if

Andok. refers to the beginning of Athenian intervention (427—

422 B.C.) in the affairs of Sicily. The events noticed here occurred

before the Sicilian expedition of 415 B.C. €LpTJvr]<; rfplv ovar]^ : the

Peace of Nikias, 42 2 b. c.—TrA-cvo-avre? iirl Tii]v AaKwi'tKifv : an allu-

sion to the expedition against Epidaiiros in which the Argives

were assisted by the Athenians under Alkibiades (419 B.C., Thuc.

V. 52—54) : IkkoXCiv avT. tw Ovjiov, because the Spartans retaliated

by invading Argos, thus opening the campaign which was closed

by the battle of Mantineia (418 b.c.) and an alliance between

Argos and Sparta.

ef ov 7roX€p.7;o-avres] Andok. regards the aid given by Athens

to Argos in 419 B.C. as the origin of the renewed war which ended

in the final defeat of Athens. But the Sicilian Expedition came

after (not, as he seems to think, before) this event, and it was the

result of that expedition which led up to the AeKeAetKos ttoXc/xos

(413—404 B.C.).

§ 32, Tovto vTToXotTTov] Irouical : all that is needed to complete

the list of our follies.

Trfv 8e a-vpLjia-^. 'Apy] Read either Tqv crvfxp,. T-qv 'Apyeiwv, or 33

Trjv Apy. crvjxfji..

KopivOiuiv Bl Toi)s V. 6X-]'The Corinthian party which now

holds the city'

= the war-party, who were in the closest alliance

13—2



1 84 . SELECTIONS. [Andokides

with Argos, as opposed to the Philo-laconian or peace-party led

by Pasimelus. The present rulers of Corinth, Andok. means, are

mere instruments of Argive ambition. See Grote ix. 462 f.

§ T^T^. Too-avTijv] explained by âcrl yap instead of duo-re <f>dvai.

Tcis TiTTapaKovO^ yjp-.] The forty days for which the Athe-

nian plenipotentiaries at Sparta had asked, in order that they

might refer the proposed terms to the Athenian Ekklesia.—i^'/xas,

the envoys, of whom Andok. had been one.

T»?v dcrcf). Tjpwv Trjs eTrav.] ' The precaution taken by us in

making the reference' : cp. Thuc. i. 47, to KA-ewvos to aiiro BUaiov

Koi ^v[jL(jiopov T^s Tt/x,wpias, Kleon's view- that the 2:)unishment is

both just and expedient.

§ 34. Xav6dvovTa, k.t.X.] ' must hood-wink and beguile the

multitude, if he is to bring them to face dangers ' : see nofe on

§ 29, dvap.v7](T9evTa<;.

crT;7Xat] slabs set up in public places inscribed with the terms

of treaties, etc. : KaTcx t?}v cnrihqv, Ar. Av. 1051, 'ace. to the com-

pact ': o-T. al Trpos ©Tj/âtous, their treaty with Thebes, Dera.

Megalop. § 27.—TavTtt 8e, 'in regard to these'' (Se in apodosis,=

' on the other hand').

§ 35. ypdfiixaTa to. ycypa/xp,.] ' the letter of the terms ' : cp. § 40.

vTTovoeu', K.T.X.] ' In regard to what is at your disposal ' (Itoi-

fjiwv, the advantages offered by the Spartan terms) ' it is your habit

to feel misgivings and to raise objections '.

34 § 36. oTôv—Tpo4>-qv] oTTov = ' and in such a case.' ' Such is

the choice now; and some people are already saying that they

do not understand the meaning of the Convention, if the city is

merely to get walls and ships :" we do not recover our possessions

on foreign soil ", they argue, " and stone walls do not give us

bread".' eK^rrj'; vTrepoptas : Athenian possessions abroad, esp. in

Thrace and the Chersonese, of which Athens had been deprived

at the end of the Peloponnesian War. Cp. § 15, êpe, a'AXa

Xeppwrjifov Koi ras uTroiKias kol ta iyKTijixaTa (property acquired

i'n a foreign land) koL to. xp^'« (debts) iva d-iroXd(3w[j.ev.

§37. <Lv—TavTa TavTr]v'\ (hv = ruiv dya6<2v : ravTa = Tet^Tj /cat

vav<s.—ravrrjv, k.t.X. : 'These were the resources from which our

fathers set out' : i.e. ratr-qv (ttjv d(f}npfji7Jv, — T(.L\y} koX vaCs) Xa^vvre^

dc})opp.y]v. Cp. § 39.



pp. 33-35] NOTES. 185

TT/ata/xevot] from aor. iTrptdfi-qv : pres. in use, wi/eo/xat.

§ 38. 'AOrjvrjaL iroi-rjcr.]

'

To make Athens the seat of theBoard which administered the common fund ' (of the DeHan Con-

federacy), derived from the <ôpos of the members; Thuc. i. 95

96. The transference of the fund from Delos to Athens is said to

have been proposed—not, as Andok. impUes here, by the Athe-

nians—but by the Samians (Plut. Arisf. 25) : Grote v. 465.

\a66vTe<i Se IleA.] In 479 B.C., when the walls of Athens were

rebuilt and the Peiraeus was fortified. AaôWe? : alluding to the

artifices by which Themistocles gained time, Thuc. i. 90 f.

TTpLafi. TV. AttKcS.] The statement that Athens 'bought im-

punity ' from Sparta is not only baseless but absurd. It seems to

refer to the Thirty Years' Truce between Athens and Sparta

(445 B.C.) by which Athens gave up Achaia, Troezen and the

harbours of Megara : see Grote v. 475.

oySoT/Kovra Kai ttcvtc] i.e. from the battle of Marathon (490 b.c.)

to the battle of Aegospotami (405 b.c): since the policy by

which Themistocles made Athens a naval power dated from the

close of the first Persian invasion.

§ 39. eve'xvpa] as pledges against the restoration of the Athe-

nian dpxy] : Xen. Hellen. 11. 2. ig, 20.

TO. rdyy] koX vavs] The Long Walls (except the Phaleric wall)

had been restored by Konon in

393b.c.

—vaCs, without the art.,

because a fleet had yet to be created under the terms imposed by

Sparta in 404 B.C. Athens had retained only 12 ships, ace. to

§ 1 2 of this speech.

§ 40. Trao-t re rots ycyp-] 'And we can have a peace on the 35

basis of all the terms thus defined ' : /. e. any new terms proposed

by Athenian critics of the treaty can be added to those already

formulated {npocrypdcfiea-OaL).

§ 41. TovTwv K...i]fxds] * And the decision on these questions

is with you ' (the iKKXrja-ia), ' and does not depend on the Lace-

daemonians—thanks to us ' (the envoys, who asked for the forty

days).

TrpecrêuTcts] i.e. Trpeal3evTd<; avroKparopas. The plur. of Trpccr-

/SeuTiys is usually 7rpecr/3et9, but 7rpeo-/3evrat in Thuc. VIII. 77, 86.

ouros o Trpto-/?.] '

He is the true plenipotentiary '.



1 86 SELECTIONS, [Lysias

LYSIAS.

36 LvsiAS : born 459 B.C. ace. to Dionysios and the Plutarchic

Life: between 444 and 436 b. c. ace. to K. F. Hermann, etc. :

died later than 380 B.C. Approximate period of extant work,

403—380 B.C. Life in Attic Orators, i. 142— 157.

Style. Lysias takes up the development of Attic prose at a

point where the stiffness of the older rhetoric, as seen in Anti-

phon's work, had been modified, but no perfect reconciliation

had yet been effected between literary finish and the Attic idiom

of ordinary life. Lysias achieves this reconciliation. Unlike

Antiphon before him and Isokrates after him, he has the art

of concealing his art. His distinctive qualities are a delicate

mastery of the purest Attic, a subtle power of expressing character,

a restrained sense of humour, and a certain flexibiUty of mind

which enables him under the most diverse circumstances to write

with almost unfailing tact and charm,—with that x'^P'^jhardly

to be analysed save in so far as felicity of expression and an

essential urbanity are implied in it, which the old critics felt in

him.

Technically, Lysias represents the 'plain' manner as dis-

tinguished from the 'stately' and the 'middle': (tcrxvos x°-P°-'^'^VP>

XiTTi or d</)e/\.i}s Ae'îs, opp. to [xeyaXoTrpeTryjs and /xear] :

Cicor. 6. § 20 grandiloqui—tenues—medius et quasi temperatus.)

His compositmi (avv6eai?) varies with the subject and the oc-

casion. In the first of the following extracts, for example, the

OXv/xiriaKo?, we find elaborate and artistic periods. In the fifth

extract—from the Kara 'Eparoo-^cVou?, where the public and private

characters are combined—the periodic structure is blended with

a style of greater ease and simplicity. In the last extract, the

Kara IlayKXewvo?, the manner of the composition is throughout

of a simpler kind. The diction (A-e'^ts) of Lysias is marked by

a general avoidance of words or phrases foreign to the ordinary

idiom of the day; by abstinence from rhetorical figures, except

such as consist in the parallelism or opposition of clauses ; and

by the union of clearness with conciseness. His power of

delineating character (rjOoTroua) is illustrated by the speech

vTrlp Mai/Ttê'ov, our third extract : his power of vivid description



p. 36] NOTES. 187

(eVa'pycta) will be seen in the speeches against Eratosthenes and

Agoratos.

Thearrangement {Td$L<;) of subject-matter is nearly

always simple :—proem^narrative—proof—epilogue.—See Aftie

Orators, i. 158—198. On the Works of Lysias in general,

i^. I. 199—316.

The following selections have been made in such a manner

as at once to illustrate the leading characteristics of his style

and to represent the several departments of his work. Thus :

(1) Epideictic. i. {2) Deliberative. 11. (3) Forensic. Srjfjioa-iOL Xoyot

III. IV. V. VI. VII. iSioiTiKOL : VIII. IX. (See table in Attic Orators,

I. 215 : cp. 203, 211.)

I. OAYMniAKOS. [Or. xxxiii.]—This is a fragment—pro-

bably the greater part—of an oration delivered by Lysias at

Olympia. The great panhellenic festivals afforded an appropriate

opportunity to poets and orators who desired to speak, not of

those interests or glories which belonged to a single city, but of

those which were common to Greece. The ancient Greeks,

although they never formed a nation, had a national sentiment,

founded on community of blood, speech and manners : and this

sentiment was probably never called forth more vividly than

when Greeks of all cities came together at Nemea or at the

Isthmus, at Delphi or at Olympia.

Hippias, we are told, WeXyc Trjv 'EXXaSa Iv ÔXv^nrLo. Xoyot?

ttoiklXols Koi ire<f)povTL<TixivoLi; ev, '

used to charm Greece at Olympiawith ornate and carefully meditated speeches' (Philostr. i. 11).

The 'OXvfxirLKO's of Gorgias 'dealt with the largest of political

questions. Seeing Greece torn by faction, he became a coun-

sellor of concord, seeking to turn the Greeks against the bar-

barians, and advising them to take the land of the aliens—not

each others' cities—for the prize of their arms' (id.).

The Olympiakos of Lysias was spoken, according to Diodoros,

in the first year of the 98th Olympiad, 388 B.C.—the year before

the Peace of Antalkidas, by which the Corinthian \Var was

brought to a close. Athens, Thebes, Argos and Corinth had

then been seven years at war with Sparta. During this time

two powers, both dangerous to the freedom of Greece, had been

rapidly growing. In the east the naval strength of Persia had

become greater than it had been for a century. In the west

Dionysios I., tyrant of Syracuse, had reduced Naxos, Katana



i88 SELECTIONS. [Lysias

and Leontini : had twice defeated Carthage ; and was threaten-

ing the Greek towns of Italy. A magnificent embassy from

the court of Dionysios, with his brother Thearides at its head,

appeared at the Olympic festival of 388 B.C. Tents em-

broidered with gold were pitched in the sacred enclosure; a

number of splendid chariots were entered in the name of Dio-

nysios for the four-horse chariot-race ; while rhapsodists, whose

skill in recitation attracted crowds, repeated poems composed

by their royal master. While eye and ear were thus allured by

the glories of the Syracusan tyrant, Lysias lifted up his voice

to remind the assembled Greeks that in Dionysios they must

recognise one of the two great enemies of Greece. Let them not

admit to their sacred festival the representatives of an impious

despotism. Let them remember that their duty is to overthrow

that tyranny and to set Sicily free ; and let the war be begun

forthwith by an attack upon those glittering tents. Attic Orators,

I. 203 f.

§ I. TrpwTos o-vv>fy£tpe] Herakles, the legend said, founded

the prizes of the Olympic games with the spoils taken in his war

with Augeas : Find. OL 11. 3, '0Xv/x7riaSa 8' co-rao-ei/ 'H. aKpoOiva

TToAc/Aou : cp. XI, 57: and brought trees—esp. the olive—from

the land of the Hyperboreans to the Olympian valley,—that

'garden of the gods' (KaTros) which had before been 'naked'

{O. III. 24).

§2. fîXoniiLav . . .ttXovtov] ' rivalry in wealth'—/.^. in chariots

entered for the races (horses being ayaXjaa 717? virepTrXovTov xA.t8'/;s),

and in the general splendour of the êwptai. ttXovtov, not TrXoi^ro)

:

cp. [Lys.] Epitaph. § 80, aya)ves...pw/Aijs koX (TOîa.% {= '^vis>[ir\<i

here) k<xi -kXovtov.

yvwfirjs 8' ijTtSeiîv] ' a display of intellect ' (in the recitation

of poems, orations, etc.); but not properly aywva, a contest, since

at Olympia there were not prizes for a [xovo-lkos aywv, as there

were at Delphi. Lucian, it is true, says of Herodotus, dyoivLarrjv

7j-ape7.î.v iavTov 'OXvfxirLwv : but he presently explains that this

is metaphorical dvaKr]pv)(^9eL'i ov)( vcfi ei/os fjcd Aia KTjpvKO'i dXX Iv

aTrdcrr] Trd/Vet, k.t.X. {Her. 2). Besides the ' sophists, historians

and speech-writers', Lucian mentions Aetion as having exhibited

at Olympia his picture of the marriage of Alexander and Roxana



pp. Z^h 37] NOTES. 1 89

yivrjo-^crOai] Markland's correction of yeveaOai. I should

prefer to read av ycveaOai. The aor. infin., without av, might be

used if the context made it clear that the reference was to the

future : but, here, rjyrjaaTo yevecrOai would naturally mean

'thought that it /lad become'. See nofe on wovto KT-rjaao-Oat,

Lysias In Erat. § 19, p. 204.

§ 3. raW v(f>rjyi'](raTo, c'yw 8'rJKO)] Herakles ' traced this

plan', sketched this outline of the Olympic festival, leaving it for

us to fill in the details. Now I, Lysias says, do not think that

he meant this yi'to/ATys cTn'Settts to be frivolous. ' I am not

here to dispute on subtleties or to cavil about words': like the

sophists (Polos, Prodikos, Anaximenes,—Luc. De Her. 3) who

have displayed their niceties of dialectic or of grammar at Olympia.

Prodikos taught opdoT(]<i oVo/aoitcoi/, the accurate use of synonyms,

Plat. Eiithyd. 277 e.

<To<f)i(TTO}v, K.T.X.] 'These, I consider, are the tasks of worth-

less and needy declaimers'. On cro^ccrrcov, see below, introd.

to Isokrates Kara aocjiLcrTwv, p. 245.

TToXiTov] Lysias never acquired the Athenian citizenship,

though he had deserved it ; but at Olympia he would feel that

he was at least a citizen of Greece : see Af/ic Orators^ i. 151.

T<3 /8ap/3apa) Tvpa.vvisiv\ The king of Persia (Artaxerxes Mne-

mon, 405—359 B.C.) ;—Dionysios I. of Syracuse.

§ 4. Twv }i\v Traucrao-ât] 'cease from our feuds': ra Se KUikv-

a-ai—arrest their consequences.

ct8oTas...TwT' avTwv] With twv avrwi/ we can only understand,

'knowing that, as such rivalry implies prospetity, so prosperity

imposes the duty of forethought'. But he has just said that they

are not prosperous. Sauppe suggests, for twi' avrwv, eu voovvtwv.

I would read t^v arvx^^v : i. e. ' knowing that rivalry, indeed, is

for the prosperous, but that the part of the unfortunate is to

devise remedies.'

§ 5. Twv 8e XP-—^» ^^ '^<"'' 'EA.X.] Dobree thought that logical 37

order required ra Se tQ>v 'EXX.—tQ>v Se xP>//^- : but the change

is needless. The orator puts his two main propositions first.

The third (ra Se rQ>v 'EXX.) could almost have been understood.

auros] he himself, as distinguished from Dionysios, who in this

view is his ally. Sauppe need not, then, wish for ovTo<i.



I

190 SELECTIONS. [Lysias

l-noiq(Ta.v...l(jT(.pri<jOai\ more than (jTe/actcrât : not merely 'made

themlose' their land, but 'left them stripped' of it.

§ 7. arct'xicrrot] Sparta was not a town in the proper sense,

but a group of hamlets (ov ^vvoLKta-Oeta-a 7rdXt?...Kara Kw/tas 8e

oLKLdOiia-a : Thuc. I. 10). In the Macedonian period it ac-

quired walls ; and Polybios describes Sparta as circular in form

iâ-^^lxaTL TT€pif}>€p-i]<;, V. 22), having a circumference of about six

miles—rather less than that of Megalopolis (ix. 21).

TrpoopaaOat] depending on eATrt?, this might mean, there is

hope (i) that they are now providing, or (2) that they will — j"

continue to provide, irpoopaaOai differing from Trpooil/ea-dai or

TrpoiSeiv (av) by expressing that the vigilance is to be sustained

and this is the sense here. See Goodwin § 15, n. 2.,

§ 8. d eTTiwv Katpo's] ' The future opportunity ' (at whatever

particular moment it is to come) : i.e. 'Now the future can give '

us no better opening than the present'.—a/xcôTepwr, —tov re

/Sao-iXe'ws Ktti TOV AtovvaLov ; after ai Suâ/xets, because the idea is, _

'come upon us from both quarters'.

§ 9. ovK av ivopoyv] The obvious ovK av ivopior] (Stephanus)

is a better correction than Dobson's ovk aviarat opwv, Baiter's Nj

OVK av a.yavaKT7](T£Lev 6p<2v, or Reiske's ovk av Ivrpiiroiro dpwv. |"

38 11. DEPI TOY MH KATAAYÂI THN HATPION HOAI-TEIAN A0HNH2I. [Or. xxxiv.]—'A Plea against abolishing

the ancestral Constitution of Athens ' : a fragment, preserved (like

the last) by Dionysios. When, after the fall of the Thirty, the

Democracy was restored in 403 B.C., it was the aim of Sparta to

restrict it. One Phormisios proposed in the Ekklesia that only

land-owners should have the franchise, a measure which, according

to Dionysios, wouldhave excluded about five thousand citizens.

The speech from which he gives an extract was made against this

motion during a debate in the Ekklesia. It appears to have been

written by Lysias for some wealthy citizen who was not personally

affected by the proposal, and may probably be regarded as the

earliest of the orator's works now known. Attic Orators, i. 211.\

§ I . Tcis yeyei/. o-vju,<ôpas] ' our past misfortunes ' : the defeat

at Aegospotami, which waspopularly ascribed to oligarchic treason

(see on Lys. In Eratosth. % 36, p. 208), the surrender of Athens,



pp. ^1, 38] NOTES. 191

and the tyranny of the Thirty. The date of the speech is shortly

after the restoration of the Democracy in

403b. c.

wcrr€ jLiTyS' av] ' So that not even a later generation [much less

our own] could desire a change in the constitution [from Demo-

cracy to Oligarchy] '. /u,7y8' av iTridvixdv, oblique of ovk av iTriOvixoUv.

—dixcfiOTepwv : Democracy and Oligarchy.

Trporepov 8is y]8r]. Kai] So Dobree for Trporepov. Blo S17 Kai :—

Sts referring to (i) the Revolution of the 400 in 411 B.C., (2) the

tyranny of the Thirty. This gives more point. Yet 8to &rj kul

makes good sense. 'For that very reason [i.e. just because you

have had these experiences], though I do not marvel at them, I

marvel at you '.

§ 2. TOi;ra)j/...T;/x,ojv] As we often have Qavpâtin TOVTO VfJiwv, *I

wonder at this in (belonging to) you ', so also davfxdCoy vix<Zv on

i(TTe, K.T.X., where ort €crTe = To cTâi v/xas.

ne£pai(3s...ao-Teos] 'men whose fortune associated them with

the party of the Peiraeus [the_patriots whom Thrasybulos led

from Phyle], but whose sympathies were with the party of the

Town ' [the oligarchical adherents of the Tyranny]. See noê

below on I/i Eratosth. § 92, p. 208.

^ 3. -ourc yeVei] ovn ttAol'to), Markland's conj. to supply the

lacuna, before ovre yeVet, is better than ovrt ijX.tKia (Stephanus)

or oi!r£ ot'crta (Saiippe). ' Though I am not in danger of exclu-

sion [from the franchise] on the score either of wealth or ofbirth, but have in both respects the advantage of my opponents '.

The proposed restriction of the franchise probably threatened to

exclude all who could not satisfy some definition of a pure Attic

descent (yeVos), as well as those who did not possess a certain

property qualification (TrXovTo<s).

CKTJ7/A€â] 'we possessed', from iKT-q/x-qv, plup. for iKeKr>]ixr]i',

as in Andok. Be Pace § 37, Her. 11. 108 : v. 1. eKT-qadixeOa, 'when

we acquired ', /. e. ' a/êr we /lad acquired '.

ovx^ OTTws 'A^. Tivd TTOLTJaofJi.ev 8L€voovfie9a^ The mss. have TToii]-

aofiev or -TroLrja-mfxev : and oi;ro)s tva is a V. 1. for ottcd?. Baiter and

Sauppe give d-Trwa-ofxev : i.e. 'we did not think of rejecting [dis-

franchising] any Athenian'. dirwOeLv in this sense is very strange.

I believe that drLfiov has dropped out before 'AOrjvaiojv, and that

the V. I. ovrci)5 Iva is a trace of it. Read : ov^ ottojs an/xov 'AOrjvaioiv

Tiva 7roi-i]crofiev Bi€voovixe$a :' wê did not think of disfranchising




any Athenian '. Note that the constr. differs from (though it is

akin to) that in which ovx oirw';... aX\a = ' noX. ofify 7wt... but' : for

this we should need Troirja-ai. Cp. Lysias Kara 4>tA.wi/os (or. xxxi.)

§ 17, ouTos TOLvvv ov)( oTTws wffickrjcreL rTjv^TroXiv ev toiolito) KaipQ

Koi Toiavrr] KaracrTatret SLevorjOr], aA.X' ottws ti KepSavet aTTO twv v/xere-

pu)V (TvfJicjiopwv TrapeaKevacraTO.

Eii/3o€i}triv] ' we even proposed to confer on Euboeans the

right of intermarriage with Athenians ' : probably at some time

subsequent to the revolt and reduction of the island in 445 B.C.

' In Euboea two-thirds of the island gradually became the property

of Attic citizens' (Curt. Hisf. Gr. 11. 486), i.e. of Kkripovyoi.—cTrtyayuta, one of the privileges of la-oTroXLTeM, or admission to the

citizenship of a foreign state : others were arcAcia (exemption from

the taxes on aliens) and €yKTr](ri<;, right of acquiring land.

§ 4. oLTToXovfjiev] ' ruin ' (by disfranchisement) : so the mss.

:

Bekker d-TreXwixev, ' eject from their rights '.

fxerd TiZv tcixwv] ' along with the walls ' (of Athens, demolished

in 404 B.C. under the terms imposed by Sparta).

ttXcov] ' better ' (than you could hope to do otherwise).

iv rais e<^' i]ix<2v 6X. y.]' under the oligarchies that have arisen

in our own time': those, namely, of 411 and 404 B.C.—eV is

rightly supplied by Reiske.

39 § 5-olXXu)<;

t€ kol/x€/xv.] '

Especially when you rememberthat the champions of oligarchy, while nominally waging war on

Democracy, are in fact lusting for your property ' : alluding to the

recent spoliations by the Thirty. See Lys. In Eratosih. § 6, p. 48,

KaXXL(TTr]v...7rpo(j)aaLV TifXiDpeiaOaL [xkv SokcTv, tw 8' epyw '^^prjp.aTtt.e.cr-

Bai ('to make money'—in reference to the raid of the Tyrants

on the fxeroLKoi). On the art. with oAtyap;i^., S^/^w, cp. ib. § 97, ^lofe,

p. 209. *

§ 6. €p(jcrt...7rpoo-TaTTovcnv] 'And then, these persons who

are so enamoured of your possessions—what safety are they to

find for the city, unless we do what Sparta bids us ? But I would

ask them to tell me, what will be left to the people, supposing

that we obey her behests?' i.e. the proposed narrowing of the

franchise would so diminish the number of oVAtrat and iTTTreis as

to leave Athens, in a military sense, at the mercy of Sparta; and

if Sparta's dictation were obeyed, the end would be an Oligarchy



/

pp. 38, 39] NOTES. 193

of the closest type— like that of the Thirty. With Markland's

ipoiTwcTL (adopted by Baiter and Sauppe) we must strike out rots

(as they have nof done), and render :— ' And then they ask, How is

the city to save your property, unless we do what Sparta bids us?'

But the tenor of the argument clearly supports the ipwat of the mss.

§ 7. 'Apy€toi;s...MavTtv€a?] ' Now I observe that the Argives

and Mantincians, while they maintain the same policy' [i.e.

have democratic governments, instead of oligarchies servile to

Sparta], 'are in possession of their territory, though the Argives

(tows /AeV) touch the frontier of Lacedaemon, and the Mantineians

(tous Sc) are its neighbours,—the citizens of Argos being not more

numerous than wê are, while those of Mantineia do not number

3000'. Clinton (i^ H. 11. 517) computes that at this time

Argos and Athens may each have had about 16,000 male citi-

zens, which would give a total free population for each of about

66,000 : similarly the free population of Mantineia and its terri-

tory would be about 13,000 {i7>. p. 417).

§ 8. lo-ao-i] sc. ol AaKeSacixovioL : TovToiv, the Argives and Afan-

tineians.

wcrrc ov KaXo's] ' And SO the venture strike's them as offering

inglorious alternatives; if they conquer their neighbours, they

must enslave them too (ye) : if they are vanquished, they will have

robbed themselves of the advantages which they now enjoy '.

Reiske's insertion of ov before KaTaBovXwcnaOat (adopted by Baiter

and Sauppe) seems to me to make nonsense of the whole sen-

tence. Lys. does not mean 'the risk of /a//ing to enslave them'

(where, too, we should expect fxi], not ov), but the discredit of

l?e//ig compelled to enslave them, in order to avoid to TroAXaKis

c/xâA.Xeti'.

[•;7TTov] The sense shows that Reiske is right in supplying

r]jiov. It is perhaps to be supplied before ciTroSeâ/xeVovs in Antiph.

Tetr^'S,. yS. § 2 :

see note there, p. 152.

T>}v x^pav T€/xv.] Cp. Thuc. II. 62 (Perikles to the Athenians,

during the Peloponnesian invasion of 430 B.C.), ovS e'lKO'; ôiXcTrajs

(fiipeiv avTMv (for your lands and houses) /xaAAov rj ov K-qiriov koX

iyKaXXwTTLcrfjia irXovrov Trpds Tavrrjv (the naval empire of Athens)

vojXLaavTes oXLyoiprjcraL.

6 KLv8vvo<i ovros] ' We know that on this one cast all our 40

liopes of welfare are staked':

6 KtVS. ovtos,i.e.

6irepl

t^s7raTpi8os,



194 SELECTIONS. [Lvsias

the question whether the Trarptos TvoXnua (the Democracy) is to

be maintained or not.

§ lo. TO StKatov] We can say, liravopOovv (or even TrpaVcrcti)

cTTt TO hUaiov, to amend (or to act) ' in the direction of right'

; but

hardly dvai fxera twi/ olBlk. ctti to Si'/c., to be ou the side of the

wronged in the cause of right : hence Taylor's omission of cVi

seems warranted. ' Trusting in the gods, and hoping that Justice

will be the ally of the injured '. fxev—Km, (as fxev

—re Soph. O. T.

498), Thuc. II. 65, Tpta fxlv Ittj a.vTe'i-)(ov...Ka\ ov irpoTipov iveSo-

trav.

—If the subject toecreo-ât is 6eov<;

understood,TO 8lk. = ' as is

just ', an ace. hke to Xeyofxevov (Thuc. vii. 68) : but this is too harsh.

§ II. (fieviofxeOa] 'go into exile '—as the mass of Athenian

citizens had actually done when the Thirty limited the franchise

to 3000 : see Lys. In Eratosih. § 95, p. 55, and notes, p. 209.

III. YUEP MANTI0EOY. [Or. xvi.]—The name occurs only

in the title, which, contrary to the general rule, is perhaps of the

same age as the speech—'

A Defence for Mantitheos on his

Scrutiny before the Senate'. The office to which this scrutiny

related was perhaps that of an ordinary senator, since in § 8 the

speaker cites instances of persons who had really done what he is

charged with doing, and had yet been admitted to the Senate.

The complaint against him was that his name appeared on the

list (o-ai'iSiov, § 6) of those who had served as Knights in the time of

the Thirty. As or. xxvi. against Evandros shows (§ 10), the fact

of such service under the Tyrants became, after the restoration

of the Democracy, a disqualification for the office of senator.

Mantitheos must, then, have been at least eighteen years of age

in 405 B.C., and so must have been born before 422. He refers

to his share in campaigns subsequent to that of 394 B.C. (§§ 15

18). On the other hand, the tone of § 15 rather suggests that

Thrasybulo* was still alive ;—that is, that the speech is earher

than 389 B.C. The date may have been about 392 B.C. The

speaker, who was taunted with youthful presumption (§ 20),

cannot have been much more than thirty. Attic Orators, i. 245.

§ I. rCiv auToTs yê^S.] 'their course of life'. Dem. De Cor.

§ 265, i$eTa<Tov Toivvv Trap aWrjXa rd crol kolixoI ISe/Siuifxeva.

§3. aîcu Se] 'What I ask of your House is this :—If I

merely prove that I am loyal to the existing Constitution ' [the

restored Democracy],'

and that I have been compelled to share



pp. 40, 41] A'OTES. 195

your dangers ' [by ordinary service in war], • let not that bring me

any positive (ttw) credit : but if my career is shown to have been

worthy in the most complete sense—in a sense directly opposed

to the opinion and the assertions of my enemies—then I pray you

to ratify my admission [to the Senate], and to pass a silent con-

demnation on my foes'. kol irepl to. uAAa : 'in all other things

also' : i.e. not only in the rudiments of civic loyalty, but in all its

duties, public and private.

§ 4. T7;s ev 'EXA. 0-. îxTvpov] The Athenian overthrow at 41

Aegospotami, 405 b. c.

—Satyros, king of Bosporos in the Tauric

Chersonese (Crimea), 407—393 b.c. The Trapczitikos of Isokrates

(or. XVII.) was written for a subject of this Satyros. Cp. Attic

Orators, 11. 222.

ovr^ Twv Tci^wv] ' neither when the walls were being pulled

down' [under the terms imposed by Sparta when Athens sur-

rendered to Lysander in the spring of 404 B.C.] 'nor when the

form of government was being changed' [by the establishment of

the Thirty Tyrants a little later, in April, 404]. See Annals in

Attic Orators, I. p. xlv. After TroXtTetas, iire^yixovv (or -ovfxev)

seems to have dropped out of th^mss,

Twv dXXoTp. KtrS.] i.e. the perils of the Thirty Tyrants, who

were deposed soon after the advance of Thrasybulos and the

exiles from Phyle to the Peiraeus (Dec. 404 e.g.), and were suc-

ceeded by the Ten. The exiles were in possession of Athens in

July 403, and the Democracy was formally restored in September.

Tots fJirjSev €^.]' who had no share in their crimes ', and there-

fore no claim upon their favour.

§ 6. iK...Tov o-ai/tStou] The tablet (a board covered with gyp-

sum), the official list. Cp. Lys. /n Epicr. (or. xxvi.) § 16, ei //.tv Sr)

PovXev<TU>v vvvl iSoKijxaêTO kol ws ittttcvkotos avrov €7rt tojv TpiaKOvra

Tovvofj-aiv

ratsaavtcriv iveyeypaTTTO.

TOWS <f>vXdp-ôv<;, K.T.X.] ' that the cavalry commanders ' (10 in

number, one for each cf>vXy]—opp. to raitapxoi, commanders of

the tribal infantry) 'should make a return of those who had served

as Knights, in order that you might compel them to refund the

sums paid to them for their equipment ' (KaracrTa'creis, ' appoint-

ments'—allowances for outfit made by the State to tTTTrets when

first enrolled).




§7. Tots o-Lii StKot?] The Fiscal Board of Ten,—the Athenian.

'Solicitors to the Treasury'—by whom he would have been

prosecuted as a public debtor (ocftetXwv tw 8r]ixoaLw).

ovre KttT. TrapaX.] ' nor that I had received any allowance ' (in

the first instance). Bake reads Kara/SaXovTa, which could hardly

= ' refianded '. Others regard the clause as interpolated.

cKciVois] The list kept by the </)i;Aa/y;)(oi : tovtois—the list on the

42 § 8. (3ovXevovTa<i\ — j3ovX€VTa<; oVras. The BoKifiacria of Man-

titheos himself was probably for admission to the ôvX-^ : introd.

p. 194.

fjiapTvprjcTov] viz. that I returned to the Peiraeus only at the

time stated in § 4.

§ 9. rats SoKLfji.] 'Cases of scrutiny' : esp. the scrutiny by the

Senate of officials designate. Four other speeches of Lysias are

concerned with SoKifxaaiaL, viz. xxvi. xxxi. xxv, xxiv. See

A^/i't: Orators, i. 215, and 242—254.

§ 10. cTTiSou's] 'giving a dowry of 30 minas to each': i.e.

giving with {IttI) the bride (to the husband) : //. ix. 148, o<ra-'

ovTTU) Tis efj £7re6u)Ke Ovyarpt.

iv€iixdfjir]v] 'shared my inheritance': Isae. or. vii. § 5, ovaiav

iviLfxavTO Trpos aXXyjXov;.

§ II. Trepi 8e rwv koivwv] 'As to my public life';—not merely,

as the context shows, his discharge of public duties, but, more

generally, the character which he bore in society, as distinguished

from his conduct of family affairs (ra tSta).

TTcpi Kv/3ov<^] Cp. Lys. or. xiv. § 27 (of the younger Alkibi-

ades), KaTaKDêwa? ra ovra. Isokrates says of the idle youth of

the day, 01 /acv yap avT^v eirl T-r]<; ivveaKpovvov xf/yxovaLV owov.,.

cTcpot 8' eV Tol<i o-Ktpaêtois (gambling-houses) kv/S^vovo-l, Antid.

§ 287.

43 §12. 8tKi7i/...ypa<^)7V...€t(rayy.] Neither a private law-suit, nor

a public prosecution, nor an impeachment (for an offence more

directly against the State).

§ 13. CIS 'AXtaprov] The Athenian expedition in 395 B.C. for

the relief of Haliartus, defended by the Thebans against the Lace-

daemonians, whose leader, Lysander, was killed in the battle

under its walls: Xen. Hel/en. in. 5. i6f.



pp. 41. 44] NOTES. 197

qyovixivovi] synonymous with vo/Atôvra?. Cp. or. xxv. § 22,

7]yovjJi€voL 8id TT/i/ T(Zv rpiuKovTa Trovrjpiav iroXv jxaXXov (TwOijcrea-OaL

ij Sid TTfjv T(Gi/ <î.vy6vT(iiv SvuafiLU Kane 1/ at.

aSoKi/iaaTwvJ \diQjiad not passed 4lie scrutiny necessary for

admission to the cavalry : the law was, idv ns aSoKi/xacrros LTnrevr],

uTLfjiov elvai (Lys. or. XIV. § 8).

Tw'Op6ofSov\(o] prob. the phylarch of M.'s tribe.

§ 14. e'ôStW] ' funds ' for their equipment and journey. M.

assisted the more needy of his own 877/AOTat, who were personally

known to him. The ifri'dc consisted of demes not adjacent to each

other.

§ 15. et's Kopivôv] in 394 B.C., when the allies, including the

Athenian contingent under Thrasybulos (whose deme was Steiria

—hence 6 cre/xvos Sreipieus), were defeated by the Spartans : Xen.

Hcllcn. IV. 2. 9— 23.

T^s TrpojTT;? " reray/A.] 'posted in the front rank' (raêws)

cp. Isokr. Panath. § 180, rr)<i 7rpo)Tr]<; Ta.Tre.iv. Below, § 16, Ta^ts^

the contingent of infantry furnished by each <î;Aif.

lv6av6vTwv\ ' died on the field ' : rare in prose for IvaTvoOavovTOiv.

§16. ;)(wpta)v lo-x-] 'strong positions having been occupied 44

(by the Athenians and their allies), so that the enemy (the Spar-

tans) could not approach '. The reading TrapteVai (pass the

Isthmus) would give more point.

'AyTyo-iXaou S' cis T-qv B.] Agesilaos, recalled from Asia

Minor, entered Boeotia from the north, and won the battle of

Koroneia against the allies (394 B.C.).

d7roxwpto-at.../3o>;^.] ' to detach some companies as supports'

(of the allied forces in Boeotia). Po-qOijcrova-L can only mean,

against Agesilaos : and ercpos kiVSwos, ' peril in a new quarter', is

opp. to peril at Corinth.

aya7nyT(Js...o-eo-.] ' barely saved' : i.e. so as only Just to satisfy

the desire of safety: cp. Plat. Lysis 218 c, €;(wi/ ayaTrrjrws o idrjpev-

6iJ.r}v,' having ojilyjust secured my prey'.

a/<X77p(JTt] ' without ballot '—waiving the chance of not being

drawn.

§ 18. o-Tparetwv Kai </>/j.]' expeditions and terms of garrison

duty'.

J- H




aXX' ovk\ ' instead of hating one for showing courage '.

Hamaker conj. Ko/xa, 'for wearing long hair'. So the iTTTrets say

in Ar. ^^. 582, rjv ttqt dpijvr] yivr]Tai. ..fx-i] cfiOoveW -^fxlv Ko/xwdi,—a trait suggestive of Sparta and oligarchy: Av. 1281, i\aKw-

IMdvovv...€K6ixwv. Cp. § 19, o-TT oi/^cojs (personal appearance).— s

With aXA.' ovK supplyxp^'l

' we could not have XPV °^ [XLcreiv.

§ 19. fjLLKpov 8., K.T.X.] ' though their voice was low and theirf

dress decorous'. Cp. [Dem.] or. xxxvii. A^v. Callipp. § 52, eVt-

<f)6oi'o<; iart Kai ra^ê'ws /?aStXet kol jxiya ({iOeyyerai.—dfXTrexop-î'OL

Dobree, for aTrepxofJ-evoL.

45 § 20. vewrepos wv] In Aiiab. III. I. 14 Xenophon speaks as

if his youth made it strange that he should take a leading part.

being then {ace. to Bergk and Curtius) 30 years old. koX ifxavTw,;

' to myself also ' {and not only to my possible critics). i

§ 21. fjiovov; a^Lovi] Cp. Thuc. II. 40, rov /xrjSev rtui'Se (tojv

ttoXltlkwi') fuerexovTa ovk aTrpay/xova aXX. dxpitov vo^tô/Aev.

Kpirai] ' the judgment on their character rests with none but

you ' : KptTai is more general than SiKaaTai, judges of their {legal)

cause. Cp. Antiph. De Caed. Her. % 94."

IV. YOEP TOY AAYNATOY. [Or. xxiv].— ' For the In- ,

valid'. At Athens a certain allowance was made by the State to

the adiWrot : that is, to persons who were unable, through bodily

ailment, to earn a livelihood, and who had less than three minae

of private property. Once a year, or perhaps oftener, the list of

applicants for such relief was scrutinised by the Senate and then

passed by the Ekklesia (§ 22). It is on the occasion of such a

scrutiny that the present speech is made. The speaker had for

years {§ S) been in receipt of an obol daily (§ 26) from the State;

but latel)» it had been attempted to show that he was not entitled

to public relief. This objection is termed in the title to the speech 1

{not in the speech itself) an impeachment {eisangelia) ; but had, of

course, nothing in common with eisangeliae technically so called,

except that it was an accusation laid immediately before the k

Senate. The date appears from § 25 to have been later than'

403 B.C. Attic Orators, I. 254.



pp. 44 4^>] NOTES. 199

§§ 10—14,

§ 10. i7r7rtKi7s] 'As to my riding, which he has had the

hardihood to mention to you,—so little does he fear Fortune, or

respect your common sense— the reply is brief. Tu^'*? may some

day make him ahvvarov, and then he will need the cripple's dole

cp. § 22, ov fjiovov fxeTaXaêlv 17 tvxt] fiot eSuiKev iv rfj irarptSi, ' the

only privilege which Fortune [who has afflicted me] has permitted

me to enjoy in my country'. Cp. Thuc. v. 104, rj tvxv eK tov

$€Lov.—01-^' ii/ids al(Tx-: because he asks them not to believe their

own eyes, § 14.

fj>tXo(Tocfi€tv] 'study'. Isokr. Fa/iegyr.% 6, ttws ov xpv o'KOTreiv

Kol (fnXoo-otjyeiv tovtov tov Xoyov;

(the theme of a Panhellenic war

on Persia) : for (îXocroîa in the general sense of study, see Attic

Orators, ir. 36.

Ttts /-lOK-p. Twv arayK.] ' for the longer of my necessary excur-

sions '; Twv dvayK. paj-titive gen., not gen. after fxaKp, The longest

of his oSot were still only aây/caiai.

§ II. 6.(jTpdlBr]<i\ 'If I were wealthy, I should sit at ease on

my mule, instead of riding other men's horses': aVrpaySry, a padded

saddle with a back like a chair, used by luxurious persons, who

preferred steady-going mules : hence the notion that dtTTp. meant

a mule. Cp. Dem. Meid. § 133, iir da-rpajSr]? d;(ov;u,£vos apyupas. In

'Lucia.n ZexiJ>/ia/ies 2, 6 ao-Tpa/Jr/XaTv;? = ' the muleteer'. dveâivov :

an effort for him, as the ordinary Greek saddle, or rather horse-

cloth (eeîTTTTtov, sc. aTpwpa), of that period had no stirrups.

§ 12. TOVTOV avTov crtwTrai/] 'that the prosecutor himself should 43

be silent, if he saw me in my mule-saddle (for what could he

say) ? ' The insertion of dv before aiuy-rrdv is unnecessary, because

the parenthesis, rt yap dv Koi eXeyev ; is equivalent to wa-rrep dv

£(rico7ra.

—Suvaros,'

SOUnd'

:

cp. § 4, tw awp-ari SvvaaOai.

oh] ' when I have the same reason for using both these re-

sources ' (crutches and riding).

§ 13. kXyip. twv i. dpx-] 'to ballot for a place among the nine

archons'. The archons were kXtjpwtoi, chosen by lot, (opp. to

alperoL, chosen by xetporoiia,) prob. from Solon's time, though

Her. VI. 109 ascribes the change to Kleisthenes. Cp. the pseudo-

Lysian' or. vi. //; Andoc § 4, av IXQ-q KXijpa)ad;u.€i'os twi/ eVvc'a

14—




o.p-)(pvr(iiv Kat Xax>7 (Saa-tXcvs (draw the lot to be Archon Basileus).

.

—duaTn]pw,'

a cripple

'.

ov yap 8r]Trov] ' For I presume that the same person will not

be deprived of his allowance by you on the ground that he is

able-bodied, and excluded by the presidents of the ballot on the

ground that he is physically disabled'

: ol Se = ol Oca-jxoBiTai, who

presided over the ballot for offices : Aeschin. In Ctcs. § 13, a.pya.<i

cKcti/as (opp. to rds atperas) as 01 Q. arroKXrjpovaiv iv tw ©ija-eiio.

§ 14. €v *7rotc3i'*] Markland's ev (jipovwv is a doubtful emen-

dation. ' You do not think with him, nor does he think so—when

he is in his right mind '. Sauppe's eu voQv would mean ' nor

does he (profess this belief) with any good intent (towards me)'.

wa-irep eVt/cXiypou] When the property of a deceased citizen was

inherited by his daughter, her nearest male kinsman was legally

entitled to claim her in marriage : and this claim was some-

times enforced, ace. to Isaeos, even when it involved the dissolu-

tion of a marriage contracted before her father's death : Isae. or.

Ill § 64, TToXXot awoiKowres rjSr] dcfyyjprjVTaL ras iavTiZv ytfvatKas. So

the prosecutor, the aSwaros says with grim humour, seeks to take

the crvfi(f>opd—dowered as it is with its one obol a day—away from

its lawful consort The Greeks could say, vo'cros ctvvolku tlvl:

thus the common idiom would make the fancy seem less strained.

V. KATA EPATO20ENOY2. [Or. xii.]—Polemarchos,

brother of Lysias, had been put to death by the Thirty Tyrants.

Eratosthenes, one of their number, was the man who had ar-

rested him and taken him to prison. In this speech Lysias,

himself the speaker, charges Eratosthenes with the murder of

Polemarchos, and, generally, with his share in the Tyranny.

A special clause in the Amnesty of 403 B.C. excluded the Thirty

Tyrants, (^he Ten who had succeeded them, and the Eleven who

had executed their sentences. But any one even of these might

enjoy the Amnesty if he chose to stand a public inquiry, and was

acquitted. When the oligarchy was finally overthrown, Pheidon

and Eratosthenes were the only members of it who stayed at

Athens. As they dared to do this, they must have availed them-

selves of the permission to give account of their office. Here,

then, we have not to do with an ordinary indictment for murder

(ypa</)r; <ji6vov).

Thepublic inquiry into the conduct of Erato-'

sthcnes afforded Lysias the opportunity for preferring his accusa-



pp. 46, 47] NOTES. 201

tion. This is indicated (i) by the wide range of topics in the

speech, deahng, as it does, with the whole history of the Anarchy:

(2) by § 37, where the accuser says that he has done enough in

having shown that the guilt of the accused reaches the point at

which death is deserved : which he could scarcely have said if

(as in a ypa-c^rj (j)6vov) death had been the necessary penalty in case

of conviction.

Date, 403 B.C., shortly after the formal restoration of the

Democracy in Sept., and before the expedition against Eleusis

had dislodged the fugitive Tyrants from that place (Xen. Hcllcn.

II. 4. 43) : see § So of the speech, /ur/S' airovfri fxkv rots TpiaKovTu

en-iôuAevere, Trapo'vTas S' dcjiiJTe.—Attic Orators, I. 26 1 f.

I. Narrative: the Murder of Pokmarchos.—§§ i—36.

§ I. auTois] = Tots TptaKovra, whose names were already before

the court. In § ;^;^,touVois = the Thirty as represented in court by

Eratosthenes.

fii]T av ij/.—Swacrât] i.e. ovtc iêuSo/xevog (=£' ipevSoLTo) S. rwv ^'

V. KaTrjyoprjcrai av (rts), ovTe. TctA. (SovXofJ.evo'i (= ct /SowXoiTo) c.

a. SuVaiTO av.

§ 2. TovvavTLov 8e...i$afjLapTdi'eLv] 'And I believe that our

experience' (as accusers of E.) ' will be contrary to all precedent.

Heretofore the accuser has always been expected to show

what enmity existed between himself and the accused : here,

it is from the accused that we have to ask what was that enmity

towards the Commonwealth which gave them the heart to sin

so enormously against it '. Personal enmity (Ix^pa) was regarded

as a proof that the accuser was in grim earnest,—-that he was not

a mere busy-body {iroXvTrpdyixtav) or mercenary calumniator (arvKo-

cjia.vTr]<;). Thus the accuser of Agoratos begins by showing that

his own wrongs entitle him to appear in that capacity:

rvyxdvei

ovv ifxol Tj avT-i] f-xPp'^ Trpos 'Ayoparov tovtovI /cat t<3 TrXyjOei tw

vfj-erepia virdpxovcra :' so my personal quarrel with A. is the same

as that of the Athenian People': In Agor. § i.

^ri% €.tr]~i]TL<i ^v] etr], because eSei is a secondary tense, elr]

may be the oblique either of ia-Tc or of rjv : Sei tous KaTrjy. eVtS.

rrjv ix^p. vyris ecTTt, (or ^v, was when they brought the charge)

but is best taken as representing eo-rt. Just to avoid this am-

biguity, the Greek imperf. -SlÂ,plupcrf. are usually kept in the




indie, even when they might be changed into the optat. For an

exceptiofi, see Dem. Adv. Onet. i. § 20, dweKpLvavTo on ovheh fj.dpTv<;

irapeiri '. this would usually mean, ' they replied, " No witness is

present"' (Trapecm) : it really means, 'they replied, "No witness

zaas (at that former time) present'" (Traprjv).— Cp. Goodwin pp.

148, 153-

ov fjievTOL...opyiC] 'I do not speak, however, as one who has

no personal resentments or grievances ' [against the Thirty]

'

I only mean that everyone has abundant matter of indignationagainst them, either on private or on public grounds ' : t. e. if there

be any one who (unlike myself) has no private wrongs to resent,

he may remember the wrongs of the community. The first

part of L.'s speech (§§ i—36) deals with ra i'Sia : the second

(§§ 37— ei^d) with ra S-qixocna.

§ 3. 7roL7]<xwfjiaL] better, I think, here than Trotijcrofxai, which

Rauchenstein prefers. ' The Future seems to differ from the

Subj. in these cases, as in final clauses, only by expressing the

result more vividly, and marking its futurity more strongly '

Goodwin § 46.

§ 4. KecâA-os] A Syracusan who settled at Athens as a /êrotKos.

Plato marks his hospitable disposition in the Republic (328 d), of

which the opening scene is laid at the house of his eldest son

Polemarchos. Attic Orators, i. 145.

€8iKa(ra/i.eâ...£^Tjy.] 'maintained' an action—'defended it'.

Though 8iKdt,€a6aL can be said of bot/i parties to a suit, yet

81K171/ SiKOLêa-OaL tlvl is esp. said of him who ' goes to law ' with

another,—d StwKwv.

§ 5. a-vKocjiavrai] ' mercenary accusers '. Cp. Lys. or. xxv.

§ 19 (of the demagogues), eVtoi 8' iirl rots v/xerepots eSiapoSoKovv, ot

St <rvK0(J3av-A)vvT€^ Tov<; (rvp.pi.a-^ôv'i dcîVracrav : Xen. Hellen. II. 3.

12, aTTO avKO<pai'TLas ^wi/ras.

TpaTrea-Oacj ' and that the rest of the citizens should come into

the paths of virtue and justice'. It is needless to conjecture

TrpoTpîj/ao-Oat.

(OS iydj...7reipd(roixai'\ 'as, when I have first spoken of my own

affairs (§§ i—36), I will endeavour to bring to your memory in

regard to your affairs also ' : dvap.v7Ja-aL = SiSaât d.vap.vrjCTavra,

with KoX TTCpi TWV V}l€T€p(OV.

48 § 6. ry TToXtTcia] 'the constitution'—a v-iroKopKTjxa : for the



pp. 47—49] NOTES. 203

rule of the Thirty was unconstitutional (pv fierd vojuwv), and was

known, when a real iroXtreia had been restored, as the dvapyiia.

Xpr]iJiaTLêa9ai] ' to make money': lit. 'to do business to one's

own profit': olofxevoi -^pTqixaTL^ZfrOai. jxaWov rj iiaîla-Qai (Athenians

in Sicily), Thuc. vii. 13 : but act. xP^/^dTt'Cetv, to transact (public)

business, ib. i. 87.

§ 7. TrafTwg] * at any rate ' i.e. whatever view their colleagues

might be disposed to take of the project for plundering the

resident aliens.

iW...7rpos Toijs aX-Xoi^s] 'in order that, as against the others',

[the eight rich /aeroiKot,] 'they might have the plea [^ vivid

for et'r/] that these measures had not been taken from merce-

nary motives, but in the interests of the Constitution,—just

as they might defend any other measure adopted for sufficient

reasons'. wa-n-ep n.-.TrcTrotiyKOTes, SC. diroXoyLav av e;(Otei' : the

nom., as if tva ejj^wcrtv aTroXoytav (instead of Lva avrois rj dnoX.)

had preceded.—euXoyw?, i.e. for reasons satisfactory to the govern-

ment, though not communicated to the people.

StaXaySoVres 8e] ' Each was told off for certain houses [of

the /xe'roiKot], and the visits began'. Cp. Dem. De Cor. § 132,

In ouvtas /8aS 6^0)1/ aVeu ij/r)(f)Lcr[xaTo^, making domiciliary visits

without special authority from the Ekklesia.

§ 8. TO ipyaa-T'^piov] The shield-manufactory, the property of

the brothers, near the house in the Peiraeus occupied by Lysias : see

Afiic Orators, i. 147. aTreypdcjiovTo, 'proceeded to take a list of.

e<âa-Kev, k.t.A.] sc. crwcrciv. His WOrds were, o-wata, du iroXXd

^. e'irjv,—oblique of ei/it (not of ^v) : see on ^rts ei^, § 2.—ravra,

not TovTo : so § 14.

§ 10. e^wAetav] See Antiph. De Caed. Her. § 11, p. 8.

Twv uTTi/peTwv] apparitors, attending him in his official capacity,

since the search was made by authority of the Thirty.

§ II. Kvt,.—Sap.] The KutiKijvos crraTT/p = about ;Î. 2J. 9</.

:

the AapetKo? (na.Tf]p (= 'Attikos) about £^\. \s. lod.

ayaTTT^crctv] He said, ctyaTTT/o-cts ct to (Twp.a o-wo-eis, ' you Will

be content', i.e. 'you must be'. 'You may think yourself lucky

enough if you save your life'.

§12. £7rtTryxavet...a7rtoi'T€s] Dem. In Aristocr. § 12, ^ryVe- 49

o-ât Tct OTrXa ouk ^'/xcXXev o St'ftwv ou8' o Btavwp, ttoXitoi yeyevTj/xeVot.




(3aSLôiiJ.€v...(TKeipr]raL] /3a8tôt/xev, not (3aSLt,oix€v, because the

historic pres. cpwrwcrtv is equivalent to a secondary tense:

uKvi^y]-

Ttti, and not (jkîo-ito, by the vivid construction.

§13. viTo.p^QV'ro'i\ 'was assured'.

§ 14. irpoQ. TV. rriv creavToi) 8.] i.e. do all that lies in your

.

power, = odov y€ €7ri cro6 kcni.

§ 15. oTt d[X(f)LOvfw<i €L7]] 'that there was a passage through

it ' (from the front-door, avXeLo<s 6vpa, to the back-door, K-qwata

6vpa). Of the three doors in § 16, one would be the fiiravXas,

another the K-qiraia.

ivdv/xovixevia—a-Tro^.] 'reflecting that, if I escaped notice, I

should be saved, but if I were caught—well, in that case I thought

that I should get off nevertheless, supposing Th. had been

persuaded by D. to take the money ; or if he had not, my pros-

pect of death would only be the same' [as if I did net try to

save myself by flight]. Instead of a'ê^T^'cro/xat, dirodavovixai, de-

pending on ivOvjxoviJievio, we have the futures infin. depending on

y'jyovfi-qv,—inserted to avoid tlie awkardness of one conditional

clause immediately following another (eaV Sc Xi^cÔd, d fxkv drj, k.t.X.).

§ 16. £ts darv] The ship-master lived in the Peiraeus, where

Lysias himself resided. avrov, Polemarchos.

50 § 17' ''"o^^' £/cetvwv €i^tcr/A€vov] SC. TvapayyiWi.crOai.

§ 18. Tpiuiv . . .avTov] 'Though we had three houses, they did

not allow the funeral (iKfôpd) to take place from any one of them,

but hired a mean tenement, and there laid out the corpse'.

kXIctioj/, also written Kkucnov (from kX^loj, not kXXvw?), is used by

Antiphanes ('A/<ecrTpia 2, Mein. J^raî^. Com. p. 348) of an outJioiise

or sJlcd for cattle : ti^s OLKta'i to kXIo-lov to KaXovp-evov,[o irpoTcpov

rjv Tots e^ avjaou jSovcrl araOp-os\

kol tois ovots, 7re7rot7//<e—rt S'j—ipyaar-qpLOV.—on €KacrTos £Tr;êv, SC. Sovs.

§ ig. KoV/Aoi/] here, apparently, 'valuables', articles of vertu,

etc., as dist. from e-mirXa, furniture. koV/xos in sing. usu.= dress,

personal adornments, as //. xiv. 187, iroivTa Trepl p^pot OrJKdro

Kocrp-ov.

ôvTo Krri<ja(Tdai\ ' thought to acquire ' (not, as the words might

mean, 'thought that they had acquired'). So § 27, etKos i^v

vTrrjpeTijaai {== vTnjperrjaetv). In such cases, the work of indicating

future time is done by the principal verb (eATrt^w, etc.), and the



pp. 49—52] NOTES. 205

aor. infin. has its proper function of marking a momentary as opp.

to a continued or repeated act.

£is TO Stj/xoo-iov aTTcSoo-av] 'handed over the rest for the

benefit of the Treasury ' (aVeSovro would have meant ' sold ').

TO<javT-(]V . . .T17S âp] Cp. Andok. De Pace § 33, TO(ja.vrr]V . . .â.<s\

yap (instead of wcrre (ftdvai).

ore TO irpwTov] ' when Melobios first visited the house '.

Francken puts a comma after olKLav, understanding ' when she

first came (as a bride) to the house' :

but a Greek would not thushave expressed ore tt^wtov kyqjxaTO.

§ 20. cocTTrep av] SC. lâfxapidvouv. The conject. wcrirep ovh

av is specious.

€l(j(fiopd';—Xvaap.ivovi\ Occasional 'war-taxes', in addition to

the regular fxeroLKLov paid by resident aliens. Xvcrajxivov<; : Dem.

Z)e Chers. § 70, tyisiv kox Tpvqpapîa.^ eiTretv koX ^py]p.a.T<iiv el(T<f)opa'i kul

XvaeisaiîJi.aX(jJTU)v

Kal TOtauTas dXXas cfuXavOpwirias.

§21. /êXXovVas cKStSoo-ât] ' prevented the approaching mar- 51

riage of many a daughter'—by leaving her father without the

means of giving her a dovver (TrpoiKu iinhovvat).

§ 22. S' i/3ovX6fX7]v av] SC el Swarov -^v : Goodwin § 52. 2, cp.

Antiph. Z)e Caed. Her. §1. ' For my part, I could wish that their

story were true, since my own share in that gain would not be

small': i.e. his brother wouldbe

alive,

andtheir

wealth wouldbe intact.—oi)T€...Tota{}Ta v-adpyei, 'they have not such a case':

cannot plead such innocence.

§ 24. Kttl Trpos €T6pov] The man stained with murder {ivayTjs)

might speak to no one (Aesch. Euin. 426, ucftOoyyov eti/ai t6v TraXap.-

vatov vo'/Aos) : and for the relatives of the slain it was not oo-tov to

accost him (Isae. or. ix. § 20 : cp. Soph. O. T. 238). By a rhetori-

cal exaggeration, L. says that he would think it impious to speak

even about E., lir wîeXeta, for E.'s advantage.

§ 25. Ivo. p.-r] aTToâvoj/xei'] I incline to prefer (with Reiske,

etc.) Iva. dTro6dvij)p.€v rj p.rj dTToOdvwp-ev ; i.e. our death was decreed,

and you helped to carry out the order :' Was the object of

your protest to kill us ? or to save us ?' bringing out the contrast

between his story and his deed.

§ 26. ena, 'so' i.e. after protesting as you allege.

ai/TeiTTcov oi;Sev w^.] 'because you protested,—though the 52

protest was fruitless'. See on Andok. Dc Pace., § 29, p. 182.



2o6 SELECTIONS. [Lysias

§ 27. Qv yap 8rj ttov] ' For I presume that they did not mean

to make the case of the resident aUens the test of his loyalty '

:

ie. the Thirty Tyrants had proved the fidelity of E. to their com-

mands in the case of so many citizens that they did not need to

test him on humbler victims. eXdfxâvov, like f.iJLeXX.ov Xa/Selv.

iTTctra : besides, as it happened, he was a peculiarly unsuitable

instrument in this particular case, if (as he says) he had opposed

the measure.

§28. Tots fj-iv aXAoi?] 'The other Athenians' are, as

§ 30shows, those on whom the Thirty had imposed odious tasks, esp.

of domiciliary search.

§ 29. Koi Xijij/.] 'from whom 7cu7/ you ever exact satis-

faction ?

§ 30. (Twôvra. . .diryyay€i''\ Corrupt. Sauppe rightly conj.

"Trapov for ov, Baiter Kara, for Kttt. Read (combining these) o-wêti/

avTov Kara to. rovrots iipijcf^Lap-eva Trapov:

'

And moreover, it wasnot in the house but in the street—when he might have saved

him without breaking the decree of the Thirty—that he arrested

him and took him to prison ' : /. e. the commands of the Thirty (if

such had been given to E.) would have been satisfied by a domi-

ciliary search : cp. § 8. He was not obliged to arrest Polemarchos

when he met him in the street. It would be simpler to read

o-oj'CovTa avTov, ' when trying to save himself (the active as in§

1

1)

:

but the words Kara ra TouTois i\f/r]cfit(rp.€va must then be taken with

crvWa/St^v, against the sense, since then they tend to excuse E.

Sauppe cr(ot,€iv T€ avTov koI to. t. iif/. irapov, i. e. avTuv re Kai, ' to

save at once his life and the letter of the decree ' : neat, but less

probable.

7ravT€S opy. ocroi] /'. e. tov'toi?, oaoi. But 7rai/T€S should be

Tracrir.*

§ 31. KatTot...eT8ev] 'If, however, you are to make allowance

for those who destroyed their neighbours to save themselves, those

others ' [who were not members of the Oligarchy] ' have a better

claim to your indulgence ' [than E. has] ;' for they incurred peril

if they failed to go when they were sent ' [to make an arrest], ' or

if, when they had found the person at home, they denied the fact.

But E. might have said that he had not met with Polemarchos,

or at all events that he had not seen him ' : cTreira i. e. if it was

urged that he had certainly met him.



pp. 52, 53] NOTES. 207

§ 32. aTToâve tcrâi . . . aTroXovjLicVou?] On the element of false (^3

antithesis (01 ya. 0.7:06. and 01 ctTroA. being the same), cp. Antiph. DeCaed. Her. § 87, note, p. 165.

^ ZZ- "^^^ Tore XeyOyneVcov] = ckci'vwv a Tore eXeyero,—the discus-

sion at the Board of the Thirty, in which E., as he alleges, had

opposed the measures taken against Lysias and Polemarchos :

irapuvai—Trap' aurots eti'at] ' Since, SO far from being allowed

to assist at their councils, we were not allowed even to remain in

our own homes' (chez nous : cp. apud se, Cic. De Or. i. § 214).

TovVot? = T06S TpiOLKovTa, as rcprcsentcd by Eratosthenes.

vdvTa Tu KaKa, k.t.A.] Dobree would read Travra KttKa, as in

§ 57, TrdvTa dyadd. But cp. § 41, irdvTa rd KaKa. irdvTa KaKa, all

sorts of evils : Travra ra KaKa, all possible evils..,^

§ 34. rovro [xivTOL ov (f>€vyw] ' I do not shrink, however, from

meeting you on this point' : i.e. as I cannot prove that you did

not protest, I am ready to assume that you did.

TrotT^crat?] Dobree iirotrjaa^ : but the opt. may be defended as

putting a purely hypothetical case, and so as more forcible: one

is at a loss to conceive what you would do.

irux^Te. . .d7re\l/r](f)LaacrOe ;] I should hesitate to write, with Kayser,

iTvyxdviT€...dTre\j/Y](fiiîa-6e; The aorists mark more distinctly that

the speaker regards the condemnation of E. as a foregone conclu-

sion.

§ 35. Kai fiev 877] Cp. § 30. 'And further' : i.e. apart from

the intrinsic merits of the case, it will be taken as a precedent.

darwv simply ' Athenians ': not t(Zv i$ acrreos opp. to ot ck Ileijoatw?

(below § 92).

Sva-T. 8e TO L(Tov V. e^.] 'Or, if they fail, will be no worse

off than the rest of you'; /.e. will retain their civic privileges,

instead of being punished with arijuta or death. Cp. § 92, i/ttt?-

6e.vT€<; Tois viKYjcratTi to 1(T0V^X^^^-

€KK7]pvTTov(rtv] ' banish by proclamation ':—referring, appa-

rently, to some particular members of the late Oligarchy who had

vainly sought refuge in other cities. The party of the Thirty still

had their head-quarters at Eleusis : see introd., p. 201.

Tt/Awpou/AeVovs] The act. might seem more natural here, but

the midd. need imply no more than that thechastiser's

ownsense

of justice is satisfied : cp. below § 94, In Agor. § 76.



2o8 SELECTIONS. [Lysias

§ 36. 7ov'i...Q-rpa.Ty]yov<i\ The six generals who were put to

death after the Athenian victory at Arginusae (406 b. c. ) for having

failed to pick up the floating bodies of the slain, or to save the

men in the disabled ships, (both are included under tot;s Ik rri%

OaXda-a-qs :) Grote, VIII. 238. Cp. Plat. Ajio/. p. 32 B, ovK ai/cXo-

54 ol tSitorat fxkv ovrcs] ' who, while still private persons, did all

that lay in their power to bring disaster on your fleet ' (at Aegos-

potami, 405 B.C.). 'The general belief.. .held that the Athenian

fleet had been sold to perdition by the treason of some of its

own commanders ', Grote, viii. 300. Lysias means that the olig-

archical IraipiaL—worked by such men as soon afterwards became

Tyrants—had prepared this result. Cp. Xen, H. 11. i. 32, Isokr.

Philipp. § 70.

0.'TTOKTlVVVVai\ imperf. = on a.TTi.KTlVVV(ja.V.

OVK apa xpv] The construction, as originally planned, was

OVK ovv Setvov €.1 Toi)S iJikv..Al,r]fJMi}(raT€y...TOVTOv<; Se jxrj KoXdo'eTe

where, however, ov KoXdaere would stand, as in Thuc. i. 121,

0€tvov av €Lrj el 01 iJLev...ovK aTrepovcnv, rjfia,^ 8e...ovK apa SaTravvfcroyxev.

But here the insertion of xPV gives a new turn to the close :

'now ou^/if they not to be punished?' Cp. the insertion of

qyovp.rjv in § 15, 7}ote, p. 204.

2. Peroration

:%cj2

—100 (end). The whole of this passageis translated in the Attic Orators, i. 189— 192.

§ 92. Tovs €^ OUT.—Tovs Ik n.] 01 ef ao-reos, ' the party of the

Town ' : those who were at Athens under the tyranny of the

Thirty, and who were thus identified with the oligarchical side in

the struggle between the Tyrants and the patriots, ot Ik Iletpatws,

the popular party : the exiles led by Thrasybulos, who came from

Phyle to th^ Peiraeus in Dec.404

B.C., and recoveredAthens

before the end of July, 403 B.C. Cp. Dem. /;/ Timocr. § 134, twv

CK IletpataSs Koi (xtto $vA.^s outos •^v.

ToiovTov TTo'A.c/Aoi'] 'z. War of such a sort that, having been van-

quished, you are the equals of the conquerors' (the patriotic

party), 'whereas, had you conquered, you would have been the

slaves of the Tyrants ' : /. e. they had been forced to fight against

their own interests. TovTois = Tot9 rptaKovTa, as in ^ t^t^.

§93. Twv aya6'aJ;'] 'their prizes' (their power and ill-gotten



pp. 53-55] NOTES. 209

wealth) : twv oi'ctSwc ' their dishonours '—the outrages in which

they compelled Athenian citizens to be their instruments : see

§3°-

cwovs cuovTo eu'ttt] Reading cvrovs, accus., we can only render,

'because they gave you a share..., they fancied that you were

bound to them '. Dobree well suggests, eili/ov? wovjo hdv elvai,

'thought you ought to be much obliged to them', evvovs = evvoi,

as if for euvoes, is very doubtful (Philemon fr. 122, Meineke)

:

but the sense here certainly requires twot. ' Instead of seek-

ing to win [imperf ] your loyalty by giving you partnership in

their prizes, they fancied themselves friendly if they gave you a

share of their dishonours '.

§ 94. Tots 7roX€|Utots] The party of the Thirty at Eleusis :

cp. § 80, aTTOvcrt Tois rpiaKOVTa iTTLJSovXeveTe.

T(ov cViKov'/jwv] ' the foreign troops ': the Lacedaemonian garri- 55

son of 700, under Kallibios, which supported the Tyranny : Xen.

Hellen. 11. 3. 13 f l-KiKovpoi — îvoi, fjnaOocfiopot, here used invidi-

ously, because the Athenian oligarchs promised to maintain the

Spartan (fipovpoi : Xen. /. c. Opiil/cLv Se aurot vTn(r)(yovvTo.

§ 95. TocraijTa] 'only thus much': Thuc. II. 72.

u(f)rjpi$r]T€ TO. 07rA.a] The Thirty formed a picked body of

3000 hoplites, and then proclaimed a general muster of all the

hoplites in Athens. When this was over, the 3000 seized the

arms which the other hoplites had piled in various places, and

deposited them in the Akropolis : Xen. H. 11, 3. 20, 41 : Grote

VIII. 336.

e$eK7}pvx0r]Te] The Thirty proclaimed that every one not

included in the list of 3000 should quit Athens : Grote viii, 349.

€K Tc5i/ TToXewv] ' The Laced, government, at the instance of

the Thirty, issued an edict prohibiting all the members of their

confederacy from harbouring fugitive Athenians': id. 350. Theemigrants were received, however, in Megara, Thebes, Oropos,

Chalkis, Argos.

§ 97. Tov OdvaTovl 'death', not ' ^/le death which threatened

them ' : the art. giving merely a certain rhetorical emphasis, ' the

doom of death'. So y elprjvrj, peace, 6 7roA.eôs war, 6 8^/x,os

democracy: see Shilleto, Dem. jFa/s. Legat. §§ 100, 149.

'îk^vyov...y]\Qi.i€\ The thought of the slain being uppermost



210 SELECTIOXS. [Lysias

in his mind at the beginning of the sentence causes him to use

the third pers. pi. in reference also to the survivors, though these

are the same whom he presently addresses in ryAêre.

iv TToXefx-Lo. ry Trarp. k.t.A..] 'in that fatherland which had become

hostile soil, or in the land of strangers '.

TOWS filu -i^Xivd.^ 'you freed some' [viz. tov<; i$ aorcos, the

unwilling subjects of the Thirty], 'you restored others to their

country ' [viz. tovs Ik HeipaiaJs, the patriotic exiles].

§ 98. aj'...e<êi'y€T€] 'would now be exiles'.

lxLKpwy...h€Ka a.^ 'would now be in slavery on account of petty

liabilities', i.e. small debts which their poverty made them unable

to discharge, thus giving the creditor a claim upon their persons.

Isokr. Plataikos § 48, rov% TratSas (the children of the destitute

Plataeans)...7roXA.ous [iXv fiiKpwv eveKa £rv/x/3oA.atwi/ SovA.evoi'Ta?,

aAXovs S i-TTL $r]T€iav loVras,—where to SovXeveiv, slavery, is opp.

to 0r]T€ta, labour for wages.

56 § 99. rrjs Ijxrj'i TrpoO.^ lit. 'nothing is wanting to my zeal', i.e.

' my indignation is perfect '. ovoiv was supphed by Canter.

aWSovTo] 'bartered away': meaning, perh., that the Thirty

allowed sacred buildings to be sold and put to secular uses.

Others understand, ' sold the sacred vessels and furniture ' of the

temples : as if to. Upd, a general term, had different meanings with

ttTreSovTO and ifj-iaivov.

eicriovTe? ifxiaivov] ' defiled ^y entering them'

—since the Tyrants

were evayets, guilty of blood.

§ 100. e'iaeaOaL tt^V if/TJcfiov <^.] 'will be aware of you when

you give your verdict '.

KaTai/^7j</)t£tcrâi] Better KaTnf/r](jiLcr6aL (Baiter), ' have [by that

very act] passed sentence '. I prefer this also to KaTeif/rj^tLafiivov;

eaeaOaL, 'will have passed' (Rauchenstein).-—TreTrof/^jae'iovs, sc.

etvai, as if KaT€xpT]<pLo-fji€vov<s etvai had preceded.

cLK-qKoare, k.t.X.'] Inexactly cited by Arist. /?//e/. iii. 19. 6,

TcXevrr) oe rrj^ X€$€w<; apjuorT€t rj acrwSeTO?, ottws eTriAoyo? ctXXa fii]

Aoyos rj, (enumeratio and not altera oratio, Quint, vi. i. 2,) elprjKa,

aKTjKoaTe, ex^"""^' KpCvire.

VI. KATA ArOPATOY. [Or. xiii.]—Agoratos, son of a

slave, had gained the Athenian citizenship by pretending (falsely,

his accuser says) to have had a hand in the assassination of Phry-



pp. 55, 56] NOTES. 211

nichos in 411 B.C. (§ 76.) For six years afterwards he had Hved

at Athens, exercising the trade of an informer, and laying ' all

conceivable indictments' (ras l^ dvOpwirwv ypaâs, § 73) before

the law-courts. He is now charged with having slandered away

the lives of several distinguished citizens just before the establish-

ment of the Thirty.

It was in the spring of 404 B.C. that Theramenes came back

from Sparta with the hard conditions of peace. Athens had been

suffering for months the extreme of famine and misery; the mass

of citizens were thankful for relief on any terms. But there were

still a few men, influential by their position and services, who

stood out against the bargain which the oligarchical party were

about to strike with Sparta. The oligarchs, impatient to get rid

of their opponents, had recourse to the aid of Agoratos. It was

arranged that he should himself be charged with plotting to defeat

the peace, and should then denounce a certain number of other

persons as his accomplices. One Theokritos accused him before

the Senate. A party of Senators went to the Peiraeus to arrest

him. Agoratos, feigning alarm, took sanctuary at the altar in the

temple of Artemis at Munychia. Certain citizens who suspected

him to be the victim, or the agent, of a plot, gave bail for him,

and offered to take him out of Attica to await quieter times. He

declined this proposal, and appeared before the Senate to give

information. He denounced, first, the men who had bailed him

then several of the Generals and taxiarchs (§ 13), among whom

were the General Strombichides, Dionysiodoros (kinsman of the

accuser in this case), and probably Eukrates the brother of Nikias;

also a number of other citizens. These, with Agoratos himself,

were imprisoned ; and it was decreed that they should be tried

both by the Senate and by a special court of Two Thousand.

Immediately afterwards the peace with Sparta was ratified.

The government of the Thirty having been estabUshed, the

prisoners were tried ; but not by the Two Thousand ; only by a

new oligarchical Senate. They were all condemned to death,

except Agoratos, who was banished. In 404 B.C. he joined the

democratic exiles at Phyle, and afterwards returned to Athens

with them;but appears to have been ill received (§ 77). He is

now accused of murder by Dionysios, cousin and brother-in-law

to Dionvsiodoros.




The procedure was by ci'Set^ts (information) laid before the

archon, followed by airaywyT; (summary arrest)—^just as in the case

of Herodes (see introd. to Antiph. De Caed. Her., p. 157).—Date

about 399 B.C. Attic Orators, i. 269 f.

Narrative: §§ 5—48.

§ 5. ov TToW.xp-

var.'] The capture of 170 Athenian triremes

by the Peloponnesians under Lysander at Aegospotami took place

about Sept. 405 B.C. (Grote viii. 297): Lysander next took

measures to secure Byzantium, Chalcedon, Lesbos, etc., esta-

blishing ' dekarchies ' : and it was about Nov. 405 B.C. when he

arrived with his fleet of 200 triremes in the Saronic Gulf {ib. 307).

Xdyot...7rep(, T17S dprjviq<{\ The Athenians 'proposed to Agis to

become allies of Sparta, retaining their walls entire and their

fortified harbour of Peiraeus ' : Grote viii. 308. Agis referred

the envoys to the Ephori, who would not even receive them :

Xen. H. II. 2. II— 15.—T^s elptjvr]';, 'peace', not ' t/ie peace':

see /n Eratosth. § 97, tov B6.va.Tov, vote, p. 209.

§ 6. elX.7]<ji€vaL Koi fj.dXL(JTa...KaTa(rT7Ja-aa6aL\ 'thinking that they

had found an excellent opportunity, and that this was the moment

at which they were most likely to constitute the government in

accordance with their own views '. We cannot render—

' that

they had found an...opportunity to constitute the gov. as much

as possible (kol yuaXio-ra) ' etc as if Karao-r. depended on elXr](f).

Kaipov. We must read, then,(as

Dobreesays,) koI ixdXiaT dv...

Karao-TTJaaadai, or /cat fxdXiaTa KaTaaT->]a€aOat : for here vojatôvres

KaTaarrjaaaOai could hardly mean anything but 'thinking that

they /lad constituted'. Cp. Olympiakos % 2, note on yevifo-eo--

Oa.1, p. 189 : and In Eratosth. § 19, wovto KT7]craa6ai. (where the

context shows that oi. refers to the future), note, p. 204.

§ 7. Ta^tapxowras] The commanders of the tribal infantry

(Ta$Lapxoi) A\*ould have democratic sympathies, while the iTTTrets,

with their tribal commanders (cjivXapxoi), would, as the wealthier

class, be the natural allies of oligarchy. Cp. Arist. Eol vi [iv] 3.

3, oo-ais TToXeaiv iv tols LTnroL<; rj hvvap.L'; ijv, oA.tyap;(iai Trapa tovtois

^crav : and ib. 13. 10.

d/xcoo-yeTTws] 'by some means or other'. Lys. or. xxiv. De

Itival. § 20, a7ravT€s yap etdia-Oc irpocrcfiOLTdv kol hiarpijBeiv ajxov ye

irov. Cp. d[ji66ev. On the stem a/i,OT—perh. akin to that of els—see

Curt. Gr. Etym. 600.



pp. 56, 57] NOTES. 213

fiovXoivTo\ might represent either a jSovXovrai or u av (iovXwiraL

:

here it represents the latter.

KXeo^wi/Ti] AupoTTotos,—the demagogue who led the popular 57

party at this time : Lys. or. XIX. § 48, KAeo^wvra 8e TraVres tore

on TToXXd. err) Steiêtptcre ra Trj's TroAeco; Travra Kat TrpocreSoKaro

TTUfiTToXXa cK rijs apxV'^ ^X^'" (and yet died poor).

§ 8. cTTi SeKtt o-raSta] /.^, to the length of about a mile and

a quarter.

€tr/]

oblique of iari (not ofiyv).

Ace. to Aeschin. ivr/r. Legat.

§ 76, Kleophon threatened 'to cut off the head of anyone who

mentioned peace'.

§ 9. Xeyet on . . . evpT^creo-ât] ' He says that, if they appoint him

envoy with plenary powers to treat for peace, he will effect a

peace (Troiryo-etv, sc. ilpyjvrjv) on such terms (wcrre) that no breach

shall be made in the walls, and that Athens shall suffer no detri-

ment whatever:

and" I

think", he added,"that I shall even

obtain some further advantage for the city from the Lacedae-

^monians ".' ttouIv elp-qvrjv, Xen. Cjr. III. 2. 12. iroirjcniv uiare.

niight (less well) be taken as= 'to effect that' no breach shall be

made~^,cp, Isokr. Adv. Soph. § i, TreTroiiyKacnv wo-re SoKetv, k.t.A.

For TTotT^'oreti/ instead of TroLyja-et (or -01) after on, cp. Xen. Cyr. 11.

4. 15, aKovw 0TL...y€v4a9ai (ior iyevoyTo).—oioito depending on otl:

he said oio/x,at : cp. Soph. P/ii7. 617.—-The subject to Si^Xeiv,

iXaTTwaat is not tovs AaKcS. understood, but aurov, Theramenes.

§ 10. Tw Trporepo) eT€i] In 405 B.C.—prob. on the occasion

when three new a-TparrjyoL were appointed (Xen. H. 11. i. 16).

The people were doubtless disgusted with his conduct the year

before, when he had been active in procuring the judicial murder

of the Generals after Arginusae. Thirlwall thinks that in that

affair Theramenes was the agent of an oligarchical plot (iv. 138).

§ II. iX6wv eh AttK. TToXvi/ xpoôv^ Theramenes wcni first to

Lysander, who was now blockading the Peiraeus [Xen. H. 11. 2.

9], and remained with him ' three months or more ', on the pre-

text that L. detained him. In the fourth month, at his own

request, he was sent to Lacedaemon as a plenipotentiary, with

nine colleagues : Xen. H. 11. 2. 16 £ Lysias omits the visit to

Lysander, and represents the long sojourn of Ther. as made at

Sparta (eKct).

J. 15




8iaêt77...a7ropoJs] 'reduce you to destitution',—by the pres-

sure of famine, which was aheady severe when he left Athens

(a!ovT0...7ro/\/\o-us tu5 A-t/xw aTToXficrOai, Xen. H. II. 2. 14).

—aTropws

is not indispensable, but neither is it, I think, a gloss.

§ 12. ovK rj\6iv eh TO. ottX. ai'ttTr.] 'because he did not come

to pass the night at his post': cp. Xen. H. 11. 4. 24, e'fcxaêvSav

Se Koi ol iirireU iv tw 'litSeio). So in the panic of 415 B.C. the

hoplites were ordered to muster under arms in the agora (and

bivouac there), Andok. De Myst. § 45, note, p. 176.

eKetvw.-.TauTT?] ' So, having contrived the appointment of a

court to try him, and having taken seats in it in themselves, the

promoters of the oligarchy put Kleophon to death by means of

this pretext'. Ace. to Lysias or. xxx. §§ 10 f , the ôvk-q, with

the corrupt connivance of Nikomachos (then a vo\x.oBiTr\%), claimed

a legal right to sit in judgment along with the dikasts—ws

yfi-i]T-qv (SovXrjv arvv8iKdt,€Lv. Kleophon had already denounced

the (3ov\rj,

—(jida-Ktav a-vveo-Tavat. (was in a conspiracy

against the

Democracy), 3.

Iv TTj Trpoâo-et r.] Baiter and Cobet conj. eVt. But ev = ' by

means of, cp. eV SoAw dyeiv (Soph. F/iil. 102), Iv \na.l<i aTiXkuv

(ib. 60), €V Ao'yots ireiOeLv [ib. 1 3 94).

58 § ^3- roLavTr]v, "jv . . .iyvîxev] 'a peace of that character

which stern experience taught us to know': lyv., came to 'kno'v;

^v= otar, as oft. after rotoCros. Cp. Shaksp. AIPs JV. iii. 6. 24,

^Such will I have 7i'ho/n I am sure he knows not'.

iirjX.d6r]fJi€v] Cp. /// Eratosth. % 95, iêKrjpvxOrp-e €K rrys

TToAews, nofe, p. 209.

§ 14. r'i/...KaTao-/cai/ât] 'For its terms were that...we should

destroy'. The subj. to yv is elpyjvrj, which, as = cru/xâo-is or o'/ao-

Aoyi'a, takes the infin.

§ 15. êyo/AeVr/v, k.t.X.] These men [Strombichides and the

democratic party, § 13] seeing that, though the talk was of peace,

the work really in hand was the overthrow of the Democracy,

said that they could not allow such terms to be ratified'.—oVo'/x.

XeyofjL. ci/D., lit. 'that (the arrangement) was nominally ea//ed peace'.

The conj. yevojxiv-qv is unsuitable, since peace had not been

concluded : we should require yiyvoix£vr]v. Read, with Dobree,

either ovk av t<f>aaav iinTpeipai, or ovk ecfiaaav itnTpeipeLv : cp. § 45,

and above, § 6, no/e, p. 212.



pp. 57—59] NOTES. 215

ovK €A.eo£i'Tes...7rof7'o-.] 'Not because their pity was moved

by the threatened destruction of the walls,—not because they

shrank from the thought of our fleet being surrendered to Sparta

—for these things did uot touch t/iein more nearly than they

touched every one of yourselves—but because they perceived

that this was the way to ruin your Commonwealth : they were

not, as some allege, reluctant that peace should be made, but

they desired to obtain for the Athenian people a peace on better

lerms than these'.—Lysias has to show two things: (i) that the

democrats were right in objecting to this peace, (2) that they

sincerely desired a peace, and were not pursuing a party war-

policy in selfish disregard of the extreme sufferings endured

by their fellow-citizens. They would have made sacrifices, he

says, however painful, if these sacrifices had not fiirt/ier involved

the destruction of the Commonwealth.

§ 17. etAovTo] ' mira locutio : an TrpoetXovro?' Dobree : but

<tA. = 'elected' as the least of two evils. Isokr. Fhilipp. % 93,

TTJv IkkX. Trjv Trepi Ti^s elp.^ The meeting of the Ekklesia

'at which the peace was accepted took place, ace. to Xen. If.

II. 2. 22, on the day after the return of Theramenes with the terms

•offered by Sparta. In the Af/ic Orators, i. 270 note, I have given

reasons for dissenting from Grote's view that Agoratos laid his

information after the capitulation of Athens, and for believing

that the account of Lysias is correct in this particular.

§ 18. ov ^wetSoTtt cKeii/ots] 'though he was in none of their 59

secrets'. Ikuvoi^, the Generals and the democratic party : avrots

below, the oligarchic conspirators.

§ 19. oTTw? TT. v\)lv uVoâtVoiTo] Dobrce would read cjiaivoLTo,

thinking that vir6 has arisen from vfjuv : but tjtto^. expresses what

is hinted by the look of that about which we cannot be sure. ' In

order that the affair might have a more plausible colour in your

eyes'. koL vfxds: 'you, too' will see (as clearly as the speaker

himself).

iKiriixTTova-L] ' send forth ' (from their secret councils), ' make

their emissary'. Dobree's dairiixiTova-i would be more usual

;(cp. Andok. De Red. § 4, kripovi 8' dcnrlfXTrovcn : Isokr. JDc Bigis

§ 7, fir]vvTd<; £i(rc7r£/x7rov) : but I do not feel certain that it is right.

15—2



2i6 SELECTIONS. [Lysias'

[rrjv Trpo twv TpiaK. ^.] plainly a gloss which has crept in from

%20

adinit.

0. Tov lov 'E. Ka\ovik(.vov\ The nickname 'EXacôoriKTos (' dap-

pled like a deer') may have been that of a slave or freedman,—branded o-nyz-iaTtas. Perh. KaXovfievov.

!

§ 20. tXeyero] 'were proposed'. This, the mss. reading,

which shows the v//7;<î(T/x,aTa in the making, is more vivid than

the COnject. eyeVero.

Koi cos TOiovT. ovcTLv avT. vovv 7rpoa€^T]Te^ '

and that (ti'tt), knowing

them to be such, (ws rot. ovo-.,) you may carefully note their I

conduct': /.e. this knowledge will throw light on the facts which

I have to relate. Bekker with one ms. fxy Trpoa-ixqTe, ' may dis- |

regard them ', and so Reiske conj. âaov : but this destroys the

point.

§ 21. iv oLTTopptJTO)] Cp. Andok. De Myst.% 45, -q Se fSovXi]...

i^cXOova-a iv aTropprjTia, n. p. 176. Strangers (tStwrai) were often i,

present at the sittings of the (SovXrj, Dem. i^ Z. § 18, to yap (3ov-

XevTy/pLov fxea-rov ^v iStwTwv : to move that they withdraw, was

lJi£TaaT7](ra(j6aL tovs iStwras, Aeschin. /n Ctes. § 125.

Tots TOT€ KaOiar. Trpdyfxaa-i] ' The government which was then

in process of being established', = a roVe KaOia-Taro—the Oligarchy : ,

—EKeivots, the democratic opposition.

§ 22. vvvl S€...ii}/r](]}.] 'but, as it was, the Council passed

the following decree '—merely for the arrest of Agoratos, instead

of compelling Theokr. to give a complete list of names.

60 § 23. iv ayopa] The 'iTTTToSa/ieta dyopd in the Peiraeus,

Andok. Be Mysf. § 45, p. 25.

NlKtas...N^Ko/>le^'7^s] supporters of the democratic party, men-

tioned only here.

ovx ola /JcXrio-Ta] ' seeing that the state of affairs in Athens

was not all that could be desired', = ou roiavTa ola aV ovra /SeX-

Ticrja eir;. Dem. De Cor. § 207, ws ov ra (SeXrLdTa ip-ov ttoXitcu-

aap-evov.

TrpoTJaeaOat, k.t.X.] 'said that they could not allow A. to be

taken away,—vindicated him from arrest (dcjirjpovvTo), and offered

bail, binding themselves to produce him before the Council'.

d^tiipCicrdaii ek IX^vOfpiav = vindicare in libertatem : but A. was not



pp. 59—6i] NOTES. 217

a slave, and here a^yp. merely = 'asserted his right to be at large'

against 01 ayovre?. Cobet was not right in altering irapeêiv into

irapdêtv : the surety ' produces ' (Trape'xet) the bailee, the accuser

' brings ' the accused ' into court ' (irapdyeL).

§ 24. Tov l3oiix6v Mow.] The altar in the temple of Artemis

:

Movvv^La^ vaos 'Apre/xtSos, Pans. I. I. 4.

§ 25. Trapopfji. 8vo irXoM Mow.] ' having brought two boats

alongside the shore at Munychia'. The blockade of the Peiraeus

need not have hindered this (Xen. H.11. 2.

9, the Pelop.fleet

Ttt TrXoia eipye tov ctWXov) : see Affic Orators., i. 271, twte.

€0)? Ttt irp. KaracTT.] 'until quieter times': i.e. until the terms

of peace should have been fixed, and the strife of parties in"'

Athens allayed.

§ 27. dX\d. p.\v S>7, K.T.X.] 'But this is not all—your situation

was very different from theirs': i.e. much more perilous, if you

stayed: if they were ready to go, much more would you have

been so, had you not had a secret understanding with the

government.

Paa-avtaOrjvai] Citizens were protected from torture by to

iirl ^KafjiavSpLov x^rjt^LcrpLa, Andok. De Myst. § 43, p. 25.

ov TTttTpiSa, K.T.A.] 'you would not have forsaken your land': 61

Agoratos, ace. to Lys., being of foreign and servile origin. The

V. 1. aTreAtxes =' quitted

' :

KaTe'A. (cp. KaTaXiTrovTcs above)' left

behind'.

§ 28. TrpOO-TTOtfJ] SC. aTTOKTCtVaJ, as below § 75, €t fx\v OVV jXT]

ciTroKTeiVas TrpocnroteiTat (aTroKTCtt'ai).

Trap€(TK€vdar6r]] ' contrived ' (between Agor. and the ôvXij) : so

TrapacTKeua'cravTCS, § 12.

TO i/^7;^to-p,a] The object of the new {jz-Qcfaa-ixa, as §§ 29, 30

show,' was to authorise the arrest of Agoratos, notwithstanding

tha.tJyyvr]Ta.L ha.d been found for him : § 24.

§ 30. iKOfXLdO-na-av] Agor. and the other persons named in

§ 54, 0L...VTr6 rrj's ySovX^s fiereTrifxcfiO't^crav.

17 Se apxy) avT?;] The more usual form would be dpxrj S' avry.

Cp. Antiph. Be Caed. Herod. § 93, where the mss. have t>;V Tip.a)-

piav ot y]Ki.iv TavTr]v, 'that this has come on her as a punishment':

fiote, p. 167. There is no practical difference in sense: the difference



2i8 SELECTIONS. [Lysias

inform is like that between (i) 'the beginning of the evil was on

this wise' rj

apxqavrrj eyev. : and

(2)'this became the beginning

of the evil', ^PXV o.^'^"'] ey^V., virtually =o-pxv touto iyiv.

iir avTocjiwpio] 'I will convict him in the very act'^ i.e. I will

show precisely how and when he did it.

§ 31. €/jpa)To...oi;crv7?] ' So vigorously was the Council bent

on mischief: Thuc. 11. 8, eppwvTo h t6v ttoXc/aov. At first the

Council had accepted the dvwwpo'i fiTJwcn^ of Theokritos (§ 22)

:

then Agor. had given certain names(§

30) : and, after that, the

Council still pressed for more : this fact was elicited by the

epwTTyo-t? (§ 31, TOLvvv).—€Kwv, since he had not yet been threatened

with torture, (cp. § 27), dvdyKr].

[ju-erct Toi}ro...7roXiTwv] an interpolation from § 56, as Dobree

saw.

§ 32. Mow. IvTÔeoLTpia. Thuc. VIII. 93,, €5 to Trpos tyj Movvv^lo.

AtovvcriaKoi/ dearpov e\6ui/r€<; kol OifJi^voL ra birXa iêKXrjataaav

(411 B.C.). The theatre was at the n.w. side of the Munychian

hill. lyiyveTo, 'came to be held'.

ovTw o-<^d8pa] ' Some persons were so anxious that the infor-

mation regarding the Generals and the Infantry Commanders

should be laid before the people as well, (in regard to the others,

the information laid before the Council sufficed,) that they bring

Agoratos before the people in the Ekklesia also ' {koX iKel). kol

e/cei. ..eis toi/ 8., i.e. 'there also', and ////> time before the people.

—aTrexpV} k.t.X. Dobree is right in condemning /xT^Vucrts as a scho-

lion, but eV TYJ (SovXfj is prob. genuine : it makes the contrast with

iv Tw 8. clearer. Cp. § 33.

62 § 33- avayvojo-erai] se. 6 ypa[ji.[xaTev<;.

Kol TO. iv T7J /?., K.T.A.] St:. d-n-oypacjiivTa : 'both those names

which wer^ given before the Council and those which were

given before the Ekklesia'.

§ 34. €t(7€7rX€uo-e] Xen. //. II. 2. 23, £8oê hixâOai rrjv

elpy]vrjv. p-erd 8e Tavra Ava-avSpos re KaTeirXei €ts toV Hetpata

[hitherto he had been at anchor off the Peiraeus, Trpos t6v II., § 9]

KOL 01 ûyaSes Karyecrav kol tu tci^t; KariaKaTTTov vtt avXrjTpihwv

TToXXfj 7rpoOvp,La, j/op,tôvTe? eKCLVTjv T->]V rjp.ipav tt} 'EXXa8t dp)(€iv rrjs

iXevO€pLa<;.—KaTeo-TaOrjcrav, 'were installed in office' (Kareo-Tiyo-av

more general, 'were established'): cp. Antiph. £>e Chorcut. § 11,

p. 18, KaT€(7Td6riv ;ôpr;yo's.



pp. 61—64] NOTES. 219

§ 35. Kpto-tv...eVo6ow] 'proceeded to direct that these men

should be tried before the Council': but Kpiaiv iiroLuvvro = (.Kpivov,

'proceeded to try them'.

o Se 8^;u,os] 'whereas the words of the people's decree had

been, ' before the (ordinary) court, with a jury of 2000".

§ ;^6. el...iKpLifovTo] 'If they had been on their trial before

the ordinary court, they would have been in a fair way to be

acquitted': the impcrf. referring here to a ^^;///;z/^^^ action in /(2j-/

time, whereas lKpL6r}(Tav...lcrw6ri(yav would have meant simply,

' If they had been tried, they would have been acquitted'. Cp.

Goodwin § 49. 2.

£v w] referring to -^'Sr; :' for now, when you could no longer

do any good, you had recognised the desperate situation of

Athens'. vvv 8', 'but as it was', with historic pres., as in § 22.

§ 37. cTTi Twv )8a^pwi'] 'The Thirty sat on the seats usually

occupied by the Presidents of the Assembly' (50 in number).

Cp. Plat. Frof. 315 c, where Hippias the sophist is seen Iv Opovw,

surrounded by his hearers i-n-l (Sddpwv.

/caSto-KOTJs] ' urns ' for the secret ballot,—the {(r^cjjoi being

dropped through a funnel-shaped top (Krjfxos). Lykurg. I/i Leocr.

§ 149, ^voiv KaSicTKotv KeifxivoLV, tov [xlv TrpoSocrias tov Se crtoTr/ptas

eivaL.

_§ 38. ouScvo? dTr€\l/r](j)L(ravTo] The Thirty afterwards assumed 63

the right of putting to death without trial any one who was not in

the list (KaraAoyos) of 3000: Xen. H. 11. 3. 51: cp. Grote viii.

327-

§ 40. fxeXav re] Baiter and Sauppe would omit re : retaining

it, we must suppose a partic. (e.g., oBvpo/xivrj, dTroKtipaixivrj, KeKap-

IJ-ivt]) lost before or after rjp.^.

§ 41. 8t€^€To] not SuTiOeTo (though eAeyev, etc.), because the

testamentary disposition Siddeo-i?, the making of a hiadrjKi^—is

an act completed at a definite moment.

§ 42, Ttjawpeiv] Tip.(apu(j6ai could Stand : cp. In Eratosth.

§ 35, ujrep u/A(Dv TLiiiapovp.ivov?, note, p. 207 : but the active marks

more clearly that the cause in which the punishment is dealt

is another's.

§ 44. Tou? Ik la\.—ii 'EXe^'o-.] Cp. In Eratosth. § 52, eXôJv 64

(Eratosthenes) jutera twv o-uvapxoVrwv cis âXaplva. k(x\. 'EAcDO-ti'dSc




TpiaKoaCovs twv ttoXitwv drnj-yayev cis to beafiuiTrjpLov, koI /xlo.

i(/^<fiio avTwv aTravTOiV Odvarov KaT€ij/r](jiL(TaTO.—tovs evOdSe, at Athens.

In Lys. or. xxv. § 15 a speaker claims credit for noi having

gratified his enmities during the Oligarchy. See In Eratosth.

§ 30, p. 52-

§ 47. ovK câcrav CTrtTpe'i/ât] Read ovk av t(f>aaav, or else

eiTLTpeij/iLV : cp. § I5-

§ 48. ctTreKTctvas, k.t.X.] The words T-Q TTo'Xct occur thrice in

the sentence. Before emfiovXevetv they are clearly, as Dobree

saw, an interpolation, either from the previous or from the sub-

sequent clause. 'You put them to death, by denouncing them

as plotters against the Commonwealth'. There is no absurdity

(as some have thought) in this, since the oligarchical BovXyj

claimed to represent the Commonwealth, and would affect the

language of patriotic citizens.—Dobree, with great plausibility,

ttTreKTetvas fxrjvvaa?, auros iTTL/SovXevoyv tw ttX. to) v.

65 VII. nEPI TOY SHKOY. [Or. vii.]— ' On the Sacred Olive'.

The man for whom this defence was written—a rich Athenian

citizen (§§ 21, 31)—had originally been charged with destroying

a moria, or sacred olive, on a farm which belonged to him. As

to do this was a fraud upon the Treasury, the form of the

original accusation had been an apographe {o.iT€.ypd4>r]v, § 2).

But the charge was not supported by the persons who had rented

from the State the produce of the moriae on this farm (ot ewvrj/AeVot

ToOs napTTov? Tcov fxopiMv, § 2). Thc accusers had therefore changed

their ground. They now charge the defendant merely with up-

rooting the fenced-in stump {<jy]Ko<i) of a moria ; and they lay

against him an indictment for impiety. The chief accuser is one

Nikomachos.

Throughout Attica, besides the olives which were private

property (lOtat cXatai, § lo), there were others which, whethergrowing on public or on private lands, were considered as the

property of the State. These were called vioriae (/xoptai)—the

legend being that they had been propagated (/xc/xopr^/xeVai) from

the original olive which Athene herself had caused to spring

tip on the Akropolis. This theory was convenient for their con-

servation as State property, since, by giving them a sacred

character, it placed them directly under the care of the Areio-

pagos, which caused them to be visited once a month by In-



pp. 64, 65] NOTES. 221

spectors (iinixcXrjTaL, § 29), and once a year by special Com-

missioners (yvoj/ioves,§ 25).

To uproot a i7wria was an offence

punishable by banishment and confiscation of goods (§ 41).

The case is tried by the Areiopagos under the presidency

of the Archon Basileus. The offence was alleged to have been

committed in the archonship of Suniades (§ 11), 01. 95. 4,

397 B.C. To judge from § 42 (too-otjto)xp*''"?

^''o"''fpov) the trial

took place not earlier than 395 b.c.;probably later. Attic Ora-

tors, I. 289.

§§ 17—25-

§ 1 7. cTi Totvw] The speaker has been arguing that he could

not have destroyed the olive without the knowledge of his slaves.

He now adds that the deed would have been hable to detection

by (i) former tenants of the farm, § 17 : (2) passers-by, (3) neigh-

bours, § 18.

et TrapecTTr] /xoi] 'if it had occurred to me': i.e. 'if I had

been so ill-advised' as to pay no heed to my slaves. Cp. the

trans, ist aor. Paus. IX. 14. 6, tovto 'ETra/xeivwvSo. Trapia-Trja-ev...

aTrayaycti/, 'this suggested to E. tliat he should lead them

back'.

TO(TovTO)v /Ac/x.] 'when so many persons had rented the farm';

the speaker having let it to four different tenants in succession,

before he took it into his own hands (§§ 9, 10). ixiaOovv of land-

lord, fiicrOovardaL of tenant: §10, 'AXKia...e/Ato-ô)o-a,...KaTa...npw-

Teas lixiaOuxraTo.—crwctSoTtov 'in the secret' (that a moria had

existed on the land).

7rpoêo-/Atas] 'when there was no statutable limit to my lia-

bility': i.e. a ypa<f>T] might be laid at any length of time after the

alleged offence. In some cases(e.g.

theypafprj Trapavop-wv) the

TTpoOca-p-La was a year.

Tois eipyao-jueVois] ' while it was the common interest [TrpoaTJKov,

ace. absol.] of all who had worked the farm that the olive should

be safe, so that, if any of them were inculpated, they could have

laid the blame on him to whom they gave up the land': (i.e. each

would shift the blame on to /lis own immediate successor : hence

oT<j), not (3.) For irpoa-rJKov in this sense, cp. In Agor. § 15, p. 58,

ovSev avTOis toutwv irXiov rj vp(2v eKacrra) TrpoaiJKev.—Lva...€Lôv : the




secondary tenses of the Indie, in final clauses with Iva (or ws,

oTTws) 'denote that the end or object is dependent upon some

unfulfilled condition, and therefore is not or was not attained^'

Goodwin § 44. 3. avevtyKdv oTO) = TovTci) 07(0 : cp. /// Eratosth.

§ 81, KaTTjyoprjTai Srj EparocrOivov^ kol tovtov îXwv, ots ras avro-

Aoytas dvotcreL, i. e. ' on whose shoulders he will lay the blame of

his acts': but in § 64, ras aTroXoyt'as eis Ik^Xvov a.va.ê.po\i.iva.%.

§ 18. TrapecTKcrao-a/xiyi/] 'Now, supposing that I had arranged

matters in these quarters also' [as well as with my oiKeVai], i.e.

had bribed the former tenants of the farm to be silent : so In

Agor. § 12, p. 57, 7rapa(TK€vdaavT€^...SiKa(rrTJpL0V : § 22, €K Trapa-

(TKevrjq.—Tretcrat = to bribe, as § 2 1

.

a/\A.7^'A.wi', K.T.X.] ' know not only such of each other's concerns

as are plain for all to see ' : aXX. with ravra, a constr. like aov

TovTO Oavfid^d): cp. Lys. or. XXXIV. § 2, note, p. igi.—koL -n-epl Ik.

TTwOdv., ' inform themselves about these also '.

Sta'ôpot Trepi t(oi/ c/xwi/] ' at feud with me about my own ' : rwv

ifiwi/ emphatic, things which are really mine, but which they claim

as t/ieirs : alluding to boundary disputes or the like.

§ 1 9. KOL fir} fxovov ovTui] ' instead of making audacious charges

in this off-hand way (outoj) on his bare word (/xoVov) ' : cp. Plat.

Gorg. 494 E, o? av(j)fj

dvihrjv outco (in this reckless fashion) toi)s

âtpovras, ottws dv âtpwcriv, euSaiyuoi'as (Xvat,

Ttt Trpip.va\ ' that my servants cut the olive-stump out by the

roots, and the waggoner carted the wood and drove off with it '.

Trpifxva = to crT€A.ep(os, the roots or Stump of the [xopia : in § 1 1 we

have even o-vjkov iKK^KdcfiOai,—o-Ty/co's, properly the fence I'ound the

stump of a sacred olive, coming to mean the fence with the

stump.

§ 20. Ka?Tot...To'T€] 'Now it was your further (koi) duty at

the time (rore, when the alleged act was happening) to call the

passers-by as witnesses, and to make the fact known '.

€V TOTJTU) T. T/3.] Cp. Ill AgOf. % \2, Iv Trj TTpOffidaeL TaVTYj, nOtC,

p. 214.

ovrws cfeXe'yâs] ' after thus proving your case, you could not

longer have been suspected of calumny ': ovk dv eSo'Ket?, you

would not have continued to seem:

implying wo-jrep eSo'Kets.

The words might mean, ' you would not now seem ', implying



pp. 6s, 66] NOTES. 223

(Lo-Trep SoKcts : but the context (av vTriknrc<;, av eX.afSe';) shows that

the imperf. refers to the past.

§ 22. ^7/o-as fx tSetv] 'if, when you alleged that you had seen 66

me destroying the sacred olive, you had invoked the presence of

the Archons, or other representatives of the Areiopagos '. <^r;o-a9

(Xen. Cyr. iv. i. 22) a rare form, Reiske's emend, of </>7jsfj-y]

Seiv.

The conject. ^>;Vas /*' lSa>v — ' having informed against me [by a

<j>d(Tis laid before the magistrates] as having been seen by you '.

€7r>7yay€s : referring to the procedure called e'l^Tyyr/o-t?, which con-

sisted in bringing the proper officer to the spot where the criminal

was to be arrested : here that officer would be the upx^v /3acriXcv5,

or one of the in iixeXrjraL (§§25, 29) charged by the Areiopagos with

tht care of the sacred olives.

§ 23. OS et] with OS there is anacolouthon, av lijîov Trtcrrcvetv

being equiv. to av yjXcyxo/xqv. As to the conject. ocro) for os (' inas-

much as '), cp. § 7) iTTLGTacrOe Se, w (3ov\t], ocrio fxaXiaTa twv tolovtwv

iTTLfieXeLade.

i/xol Kol raxiTrjv] ' he thinks that this, too, [the fact of his having

no witnesses] must be turned to my prejudice' [by the insinuation

that I have bribed them to be silent]. TavTTjv {sc. rrjv C), vir-

tually = rovro, as Andok. De Pace § 37, ravrT^v AaôVres a(ôpp.iqv,

note, p, 184.

/cat TovTov, K.T.X.] * Nor do I wonder at him : of course, when

he is bringing a vexatious charge, he will take care that, if he has

no witnesses, at least he shall have such assertions at command '

:

TotovVwv Xo'ycov, allegations of bribery on the part of the accused.—TovTov : either tovto or a clause with el or on would usually follow

6avix6.t,ia : but here the sentence oii ydp k.t.X. takes its place. Cp.

p. 191, nofe on Lys. or. xxxiv. § 2.

§ 24. Trr/DKatas] {xopiai which had been burnt down, as often

happened in the raids during the Peloponnesian War. On thevitality of the olive cp. Her. viii. 55 : Verg. Geo. n. 30, 181.

cTrepyao-aaât] ' cultivate its former site ' : iTvepy. of sacrile-

giously cultivating sacred soil, Aeschin. Iti Ctes. § 113, (the Am-

phissaeans) cTretpyacravTo to tteSioi' (of Krisa). So i-mpyaata ttJ? yr/s

T^s lepas, Thuc. I. 139.

§ 25. wa-Trep koI tt^v dXXrjv ovacav] ' as much as any part of my

own property '. The p-opiai were not part of his orcrta, but belonged

to the State, so that Trjv dXX. ova: strictly = * all my property




besides^ : Plat. Phaed. no e, kui \iBoi% koXy-fj

kol rots aXXois ^wois

T€ Kai (fiVTols.

T/jyov/x. Trepl ajxcf).] ' deeming that I have interests at stake in

both of them '—both in tlie fxopiaL and in my own property : /. e.

he regards himself as bound by public duty and by religion to

protect the fiopiat. Cp. or. xxxiv. § 19 (nofe, p. 193), o klvSwos ovto<;,

the interests staked on the maintenance of the Constitution.

eTn/xeXou/AeVovs] Cp. § 29, os ovre yecopywv iyyv'; Tvyxdvei ovt'

i7rLixeXr]Tr]<s ('Inspector') ^pri/xevos.

—The yvio/jioves were higher

ofificials, ' Commissioners ', who made a general survey once a

year,

ipyal,. K.T.X.] 'cultivating the soil around the sacred olives'

(to the endangering of the cttjkol) : not so much as iirepyao-. in

g 24, which means to cultivate the spot on which a o-t^ko's (now

destroyed) had stood.

67 VIII. KATA ©E0MNH2T0Y A. [Or. x.]—Theomnestos, a

young Athenian, had been indicted by one Lysitheos for tnrowing

away his shield in battle, but had been acquitted. The present

speaker had been among the witnesses of Lysitheos, and in the

course of the trial had been called a parricide by Theomnestos.

A certain Dionysios, also a witness of Lysitheos, was next prose-

cuted by Theomnestos for perjury, and was- sentenced to dis-

franchisement (§ 22). The present speaker then brought his

action against Theomnestos.

The Athenian law against Defamation {KaK-qyopla) punished

with a fine of 500 drachmas (abou^ £,20) the utterance of certain

reproaches classed as d-n-opprp-a (§ 2). To call a citizen a mur-

derer, a striker of father or mother, or to charge him with having

thrown away#his shield in battle, was among these. The present

case had already been submitted to arbitrators (§ 6) ; it now came

before an ordinary court, under the presidency of the Thesmo-

thetae.

From § 4 the date is certain. The speaker had been thirteen

years old in the time of the Tyrants (404—3 b. c), and was now

thirty-three: the speech belongs therefore to 384—3 B.C. Aff/c

Orators, i. 293.



pp. 66, 6;] NOTES. 225

§§ 6—20.

§ 6. hianr]Ty]v\ The Attic SiaLTrjTai were of two kinds,

public (K\7]pwT0i), and private, chosen (atperot) by the parties them-

selves. Here, private arbitration is meant.

diropp^Tuiv] ' forbidden ' words, which rendered those who used

them liable to a 8Urj KaKiqyopia<;.

aVeKToveVai] The term used by Theomnestos, ace. to the

speaker, § 3, tov Traxfijoa jx €(pao-Kev aireKTOvevaL rov ifiavTOv.

§ 7. T<S voixoOerrj] We often find similar intimations that the

intention or principle of a law is to be considered where the kUer

is not explicit : e.g. Arist. Mag. Mor. 11. ad init. o voit.oQiTt]<i iiaSv-

varu Ka$ eKacra ciKptyScos Stoptêtv : cp. RJiet. I. i.

§ 8. oh yap Stj'ttov, k.t.X.] ' If anyone were to call you a

" striker " of father or mother [the diropp-qra, or actionable words]

you would claim damages from him : surely, then, if anyone were

to say that you had "smitten her who bore you" or "him whobegat you ", you would not consider him deserving of impunity or

innocent of libel'. For the form of the sentence ov Sijttov, et /acV...

ct 8e, cp. Plat. Gorg. 512 A, Xoytêrai ort ovk, et iX€V...el Sc, k.t.X.;

and In £ratos//i. § 36, ovk ovv SctvoV, el /acV, k.t.X., noie, p. 208.—ws

ovSlv dp. ' on the ground that he has not ' : but cos fx-qSev, ' as if he

had not '.

§ 9. yae/xeXcTTjKas kolTrotcii/ kol Ae'yeiv] '

You have Studied boththe theory and the practice of abusej^,

ptijjaL Trjv acTTT.] ptTTTeiv, abicere^ was Stronger than d7ro(3d\.XeLv,

which, like iacturain facere, was capable of meaning simply ' to

lose ' : hence^ ptâo-TTts is the term of reproach, one who flings

away his shield.

cipT/To] Dobree, etpr^rat, which would be easier : but dTro(ie.^X-q-

Kevai was the word actually used in the law, as appears from the

epitome of this speech (Kara ®eofxv. B § 5). Retaining dgrjrq, take

it as depending on et

:

' If some one were to say...and it had been

prescribed by the law...' : the actual provision of the law being

stated hypothetically, as one of the data of the imagined case.

i^-qpKet dv crot.../x£A.€tv] ' You would be content to be set

down as one who had thrown away his shield, saying merely that

•you did not care '. Dobree would omit epptêVat tt^v do-TriSa

wrongly, I think. The perf is thoroughly Greek :' you would be




content to have thrown away', i.e. you would acquiesce in the

position of one who was said to have done so. He is supposed

to say, ov fJLOL fxiXei. Cp. Her. VI. 129, ov c^povrls 'I-mroKXiLSrj.

§ 10. Twv ev8eKa\ 'Or again, if you had been made one of

the Eleven [the Commissioners of Police], you would not be

satisfied if a person were arrested for " robbing a man of his cloak"

or " stripping him of his tunic " ;you would acquit him on the

same principle, because the epithet " clothes-stealer " was not

applied to him'.—oiTroS., ckScS., true perfects pass. : lit. ' if one were

to arrest another saying that (he himself) had been robbed '

ttTToSvetv, of the i/xartov : iK^veiv, of the nnder-garment, the x'twv.

otiS' £t...Tti9€VTai] ' Nor, if any one were convicted of "having

sold a boy into slavery ", wouki-y-oaJLcall him a kidnapper,—on

your principle [etTrep, with fut. ind. p-aXv] °f cavilling about words,

instead of attending to the faefs which all men have in view when

they establish the terms '.—eây. : cp. Her. v. 6, TroiXevcri to. re'/cva

tV €ây(Dyrj (for exportation as slaves).

68 § II- ^T' TOLvvv, K.T.A.] 'Well, here is another illustration,

judges. The defendant appears to be so averse to trouble or ex-

ertion that he has never even gone up to the Areiopagos. As you

are all aware, when cases of homicide are tried in that place, the

term employed in the preliminary oaths of the parties is not this

[tovtov, i.e. the accuser does not say that the accused is avSpo-

c{i6voi\; it is thephrase

inwhich I have been reviled [Kreivetv]

for the prosecutor deposes that the prisoner "hath slain", and

the prisoner replies, " I have not slain ". Now it would be absurd

that he who had been adjudged guilty of "slaying" [should seek

to avoid punishment] on the plea that he was "a homicide", the

prosecutor's statement having charged him with "slaying".' (i)

Reiske's Soâvra for mss. Setâvra is certain- (2) after o6$avTa

Krelvai some 4vord is lost equivalent to aTroA-oyctcrâi or avroeêuyeiv,

'try to get oft"'. (3) tov (jievyovra, I think, should stand after

aTOTTov av etrj, and the Tov before Sdâvra should be omitted :'it

would be absurd that the prisoner, after having been adjudged

guilty of slaying ', etc.

§ 12. Tt yap TaiiTa...8taêp€t] ' HoW, I ask (yap), do SUCh

cases differ from that which the defendant is prepared to main-

tain [epet] ?'i.e. the defendant uses aTroKretVetv, implying dvSpo-

<f>6vos : the Areiopagos, 7'iee versa.



pp. 67—69]NOTES. 227

TTCvraK. Spax/A.] about ;£20.

§ 13. Xa/t;8avetv] a harsh anacolouthon after ct and followed

by a'^'tots : rather, with Taylor, read Xa/xâvet?. ' If you accept

the laws in the sense in which I now take them'

; outw, /. e. with

a view to the spirit rather than to the letter.

ovK a^tois] for ov instead of jx-q after d in such a sentence, cp.

/// Eratosth. § 36, note on ov« apaxp'^'j p- 208.

§ 14. cTt OVK alcrx- k-t.X.] ' Now do you not blush for being

5uch a simpleton as to suppose that you are to be enriched, not

by the rewards of patriotism, but by the profits of impunity ?' i.e.

do you not see that every one will soon recognise you as a ctvko-

d)dvTr]<i?—otet Seiv ttX. nearly = colloquially otet /xeXXetv ttX.

§ 15. (ucTTc ov Zvva.(jQixC\ Not cocrre /i.77' : a parallel, if the text

is sound (as it seems), to the anomaly in Soph. El. 780, cSo-t

ovTt vuKTos vTtvov ovT e| ^}xipa<;|

ep.€ o-reya^civ rjhvv. The

^ rules ' of Greek grammar were in the making in these days, and

the thought sometimes overbore the normal usage : here, for

instance, the writers were thinking most of the negative /«<:/.

av TTcos, K.T.X.] 'if, even at this late hour, when he stands at

your bar, he can be educated, and prevented from troubling us in

the future', {d /X17 Trporepov,) aXXa vvv, 'better late than never'

:

see note on Soph. El. 337.—There was one firjixa (tribune) for

the accuser, another for the accused : Aeschin. In Ctcs. § 207,

TO ToS KaTrjyopov j3.,...To tov ^€vyovro<;.

SoXwvos] The laws ^vritten (3ovaTpo(jir]S6v on the wooden 69

rollers (amoves) and triangular tablets (kvpIShs:) preserved in the

Prytaneion were known as the ' laws of Solon '. Ace. to Plut. Sol.

1 7, Toi/s ApafcovTos vofxov; ttXtJv twv cftovLKwv dveiXev (he cancelled)

d-n-avTa-;, but, as Grote says (ill. 180), 'there is room for supposing

that the repeal cannot have been so sweeping '. Solon was popu-

larly credited with political reforms that came after him (Id. 169),

and so also, doubtless, with laws that had been before him.

§ 16. TToSoKciKKij] This sentence (with toi> TroSa -n-evO' -^/xepas

Koi vvKTa^ to-a?) occurs also in the vo/aos (interpolated?) ap. [Dem.]

or. LViii. In Theocr. § 105. Hesych. TroSoKaKy' 6 iv tw $vX<a 8ecr/xos,

iv (L ol KaKovpyot Seo-p-evovTat, olov TroSoKaroxV) Cltmg Plato COmi-

cus (circ. 420—390 B.C.).

^po(TTifjLy]crr]] 'If the Heliaea award an additional penalty'




(in an aggravated case). The Periklean subdivision of the T/Xtata

into SiKaa-TTJpia was subsequent to this law.

§ 17. eTTiopKijcravTa— SpaaKaêLv] 'He shall give security,

calling Apollo to witness his oath ' [eTriopK. would ordinarily mean

' having sworn falsely ' by the god].—

' If in fear of the proceed-

ings, he should attempt flight ':—a detached phrase, which in the

original may have depended on idv o-vixfSfj or the like.

dirtWei TTJ 6vpa] ' Whoever shuts the door of the house [lit.

excludes by the door] when the thief is within '...(to prevent the

master entering, or to secure the burglar ?)—u7rtA.A.to, better

aTTetAAo), from root feX, whence eiXoj, etXew, aA-v-o-i-s, a chain—aA-

i-a-K-o/jiai, etc. Curt. Gr. E. § 656. Hesych. quotes d-rreXXai

* enclosures ' = o-rjKoi, iKKk-qaiaL : whence the Lakon. aTrcWaêtv =

iKKXr](ndt,eLv, to hold assemblies.

Koi ix7]Sev...8La<jiepov\ ' and make no cavil on that account ',

said derisively to Theomnestos :/'. e. ' you cannot pretend that

êre the strange tciord makes the se/ise of the law doubtful '.

§ 18. TO dpyvpLov o-rao-t/xov]'

' The money shall stand at what-

ever rate the lender chooses'. The word ardcrtixov here does not

refer to weighing, but to the exaction of interest as high as he

pleases ': /. e. ardcnixov Ian = Swarat la-Taa-Qai or crraOrjvai, the loan

can stand, can remain put out : cp. Andok. De Red. §11, oo-ou

c/Aoi KaTi(TTr]crav, 71., p. 171. For ardcrLfjios in the sense of ' weighable

{t,vyw laTdvai), cp. Pollux IV. 173, who cites crrdaifxa as used for

o-rdOfiLa, ' weights ', by Kephisodoros {Fragvi. Cotn. 342) : Polyb.

VIII. 21 § I, iXKovra TO t^s Trpa'tcws (ndcn}xov, ' turning the scale

of the crisis '.

§ 19. oiKyo?, K.T.X] Read otKiyos koI 8ovXr]<; ttjv /SXd/Srjv o<êt/\«v:

if €ti/at is not a mere gloss, it went with some words which have

been lost. *He shall be required to make good the injury done

to the male or female slave '.' Cp. the vo/xos cited in Lys. or. i

§ 32, idv Tis dvdpwTTov eXivOepov i) TratSa al(r)(yvr] JSlo., StTrXrjv rrjv

(3Xdj3r]v o'</)€tAetv.

TO Se otKô9 ^fpaTTovTo?] 91k€v<; in //. and Od. sometimes = a

(free) member of a household ; sometimes, as here and in Soph.

O. T. 756, a slave, oiKeTT/s. In Homer OepdirMv usu. =a free

attendant e.g. an esquire, etc. : later, it is simply a more honour-

able name for the slave as the personal attendant of his master.



pp. 69, 70] NOTES.

In Thuc. IV. 16 Oepdiroiv is the servant of the Spartan

in VII.

13 the êpaTrovTes perh. include the free ^^res who had beeiipressed for naval service, as well as the SovAot. OepaTrovrcs was'*'

esp. the Chian word for olKeraL, Eustath. ad Dionys. 533.

§ 20. o-iSt/poCs] t'.e. impenetrably stupid—incapable of receiv-

ing knowledge, even when it is hammered into him : cp. Aeschin.

Zn Ctes, § 166, TTws ttot', w criSr/peoi, iKapTepecTe (XKpooJfxevoi, i.e. men

of iron endurance : Ar. Acharn. 491, dvaLaxwros o-tS>/po{;s t

dvrjp, shameless and brazen,

Tov /Si^'/xttTos] Cp. note on § 15. 70

IX. KATA nArKAEfiNOS. [Or. xxiii.]—I'he speaker had

formerly indicted Pankleon, a fuller living at Athens (§ 2), for

some offence not specified, and, believing him to be a resident-

alien, had summoned him before the Polemarch, who heard cases

in which foreigners were concerned. Pankleon thereupon put in

a ' plea to the jurisdiction ', on the ground that he was a Plataean

by birth, and, as such, entitled at Athens to the rights of an

Athenian citizen : and that, therefore, the action ought not to have

been brought before the Polemarch. This plea {Trapaypa<fi7]) gave

rise to a previous trial to decide whether the action, in its original

form, could be brought into court(§ 5). In such a case the first

speech was usually made by the maintainer of the special plea

:

here it is evidently made by the opponent. The date is un-

certain. A///c Orators, I. 302.

§ I. op^ws T^v Blk7]v eXaxov] ' brought the action in proper

form '. The speaker's object is to show that Pankleon is not an

Athenian citizen but a foreigner, and that therefore the Polemarch

was the magistrate' w4io had jurisdiction in the Slkt]. What the

matter of the original hUt] was, does not appear. Here we are con-

cerned solely with the question concerning lis, form. The issue is

that raised by the Trapaypac^rj, or special plea, put in by Pankleon,

who relied on exceptio fori, denying that the Polemarch had juris-

diction. Every answer made in writing by a defendant to a plain-

tiff was dvTLypa(J3-Q. The irapaypaîy] was a species of avTiypacfn^—that answer, namely, which consisted in an objection to the form

of the procedure. Hence in § 5 we read, avTeypdij/aTo p.t)

eicraywyiyu.01/ elvai T-rjv SUrjv : which is only another way of saying

that his dvTiypafjir] tOOk the particular form of a -rrapaypa^rj.

J.16




§ 2. yvaûov] The Athenian fuller had a thriving trade, as

the woollen lixdnov was sent to him to be renovated ;

this process

consisted in scouring, i.e. rubbing in ' Cimolian clay', a sort of

white earth,—and carding (KvaTrrw), to raise the nap. In Ar.

Eccles. 415 and Athen. xiii. p. 582 we have people complaining

of the yva<^€i;s who delays to send back their Ifj-drLa by the

promised day. Cp. Theophr. C/iar. xxii (xxv in my ed., and

nofe 13 there, p. 254).

Trpoo-eKaXea-dixrjv] ' summoned him before the Polemarch, sup-

posing him to be a resident alien'. Harpokration p. 246 s. v.

IloXe[xapyô<; (quoting Arist.'s 'kOrjva'wv TToXnua) arro's t€ e'crayet

StKas Tcis T€ aTTocTTacriov Kal dirocTTaa-iov (for having deserted a

TrpoarTo.Ty]';, OX for having none) koI kXtjpwv koI iinKX-qpwv rots /.terot-

Kots, Koi TuXXa ocra to'l'^ TroXtrats o ap^^w?', raura rots /xeroifcots

d TToXifj.apxo';. Herm. A/if. i. § 138. 10.

oTToOevSTj/AoreuotTo] '

to what demehe belonged '. Cp.

[Dem.] or. lvii. Adz^. Eubul. § 49, Zy]\i.oTtv6\xi.vo% (= Z-qp-oTryi wv)

/act' CfCOV.

7rapaLV€aavTo<; k.t.X.] ' one of those who were with me ' [one of

the KXr]T7]p€';, or officers who assisted at the summons] ' having

recommended that I should also summon him ' [as he had evaded

the citation before the Polemarch] 'before the tribe of which he

pretended to be a member ' : (the adviser said, o-KT^TTTerai : this be-

comes o-Kr'jTTToiTo after tjpop.rjv.) Before he could be brought under

the jurisdiction of a frii?e, it was necessary to ascertain his deme.

§ 3. Trpos Tous Ty 'Itttt. StKa'^.] 'The judges for the Hippo-

thontid tribe ', to which the deme of Dekeleia belonged. Judges,

appointed annually for each tribe, made the circuit of the denies

included in it, deciding causes where not more than ten drachmas

were at stê. Pollux viii. 100, Trepudi/Tes Kara Sijixovs to./j-^xP'-

Spa^/xtov SeKtt eStKaôi', ra Se vrrep ravra StatTTjrats TrapeStSocrav : cp.

Arist. Fo/U. IV. 13. § 2,

TO Kovp. TO irapd. tous 'Ep/x.] ' the barber's shop in the street

of the Hermae ',—leading from the old to the new Agora.

Tcis p.ev (f)evyoi, k.t.X.] 'on learning that he was actually de-

fending some actions, before the Polemarch, and had already been

castin others, I

brought mine also': theysaid, êuyei, wijiXrjKi:

cp. Goodwin § 18. i.



pp. 70, 71] NOTES. 231

§ 4. eVtAttySe] ' Stop the water-clock ' : since the time occupied

by the /xaprupes was not deducted from the time allowed for the

speech.

§ 5. Ik tou'twv] ' on these grounds ' (the statements about

Pankleon just mentioned) : not 'by these persons', which in Attic

prose would be viro rovT(jiv.

avTiypdiparo] ' entered a plea against the jurisdiction of the

court ' : see noê on § i.

TTpeafSvTaTov] ' the oldest inhabitant of Plataea that I knew '. 71

§ 6, eis Tov x^- "jpcjV] ' They said that I should be most

likely to obtain precise information (TrvOicrOai av, oblique of ttvOolo

av), if I went to the cheese-market on the first day of the month',

—fair-day at Athens : Ar. Ves/>. 171, Eq. 43. Cp. Theophr. Char.

IV (xiv in my edit, and note there, p. 223) tov yX. rvpov, the

place where fresh cheese is sold, like 01 lx'^v<;, the fish-market, Ar.

FesJ>. 789, Toi Xdxoiva, the green-market, Lysistr. 557, aX fivppLi/aL,

the myrtle-wreath-market, Thesm. 448.

§ 7. acêcrrwTa] ' who had forsaken him ', —the word express-

ing, not merely the flight of the slave (dTroSpavTo), but the fact that

he has set up for himself. Texyrj, the fuller's trade.

§ 8. TOV OS f.<jir] Sea7roTrj<; tovtov eivat] = tov câvra oefnroTTjV r.

eli/at : the relative clause being substituted for the partic. in order

to give greater precision and emphasis to the statement of the

fact, e^T;.

§ 9. dyo/xevov] ' being carried off', sc. ets BovXecav by his

0€0"7rOT7/S.

To're filu ovv] At that time, then [to'tc, in contrast with what

happened next day], some of Pankleon's supporters said that he

hada brother

who wouldvindicate his liberty.

Onthis under-

standing they gave bail that they would produce him in the

market-place, and departed '. irapiêLv : cp. In Agar. § 23, 7iote

on TrpoTjaea-dai, p. 216. For ets dyopdv, perh. €ts avpiov.

§ 10. Tfi8' varcp.'] 'Next day, with a view both to this

special plea and to the original action' [brought before the

Polemarch § 3],' I thought it right to take witnesses with me to

the place, that I

might know whoit was that proposed to assert

Pankleon's freedom, and on what ground he would do so. Now,

16—




as to the understanding on which he was bailed, [viz. Zn etr;

aSeXô's, K.T.X., § 9] no brother came, nor any other man', etc.

72 § II. CIS TuvTo 8e, K.T.X.] 'But the defendant's supporters

and the defendant himself carried matters with such a high hand

that, though Nikomedes on his part, and the woman on her's,

were willing to let Pankleon go if any one would assert his

freedom, or else would claim him as a slave, Pankleon's friends

did neither one thing nor the other, but carried him oft"',

tV) TowTois] the understanding that his brother was to vindi-

cate his freedom, § 9.

§ 12. fjLrj OTL nX.] 'that even in his own eyes Pankleon is

not a Plataean,—or rather, not even a free man :' ixrj (Ae^w/Atv)

on ov vofJLLîL e. IIA. eij'ai, = ov^ oTrws IIAaTatei;s eivai vo/xiêi, aWovS iXevOepos.

eVo'xovs. . .Tots yStatois] ' liable to the penalties of forcible seizure'

(8tK7/ /StaLwv). The StKaorat Kara Si'jfxovi {iiote on § 2) had juris-

diction in cases of (xIkIo. and to. tC^v ^tatwv, Dem. Adv. Paiitaen.

§ 2>Z • Herm. Aiit. i. § 146. 10.

Tov crw/xaTos] — rys eTrtri^ta?, 'his Status': which would be

changed by a conviction from that of a citizen to that of a slave.

§ 13. eV T^ ai/TCD/xoo-ta] 'When Pankleon contended {in his

affidavit on the occasion of the suit brought against him by

Aristodikos here) that the Polemarch had no jurisdiction over

him, it was proved by testimony that Pankleon was not a Plataean:

and, though he indicted the witness for perjury {eVto-KTî/û/xei'o?,

sc. i/êuSo/xapTvptwr], he failed to follow up the indictment, but

allowed A. to obtain a verdict against him. And when his term

of grace had expired, he paid the fine, on such conditions as he

could obtain ' (from Aristodikos). KaOon eireiOe : i. e. he obtained

an abatement, or arranged to pay by instalments ; cp. Thuc. i. 117,

Kara yji6vov% raâ/xevot ctTroSowat.

73 § 15- "^9^^ Tou'w] 'Now before he had effected this com-

promise, in his fear of Aristodikos he removed from Athens and

resided as an alien at Thebes '. raSra, the arrangement abating

the sum, or allowing him to pay it gradually. After w/cet below,

IkCi is rightly supplied by Markland.



pp. ^2, 73]NOTES. 233

ISOKRATES.

IsoKRATES : 436—338 B.C. Period of extant work, 403

338 B.C. Life in Attic Orators, 11. i—34.

Style. The work of Isokrates was to establish a standard

type of hterary rhetorical prose. His discourses were meant to

be read rather than to be spoken. This is one essential charac-

teristic which distinguishes them from the compositions of the

other Attic orators. Isokrates is properly aiiJ_orator ' onlyJn_his

forensic speeches, the earliest, and in his own view the least

significant, of his writings. In his later life he altogether repu-

diated Forensic Rhetoric : on the other hand, ' want of voice and

nerve ', as he tells us, deterred him from taking part in the debates

of the Ekklesia. The real work of his life was twofold. First, he

was an educator, the head of a school which became renownedteaching young men the art which he calls rj twv A-oywi/ TratSet'a, the

discipline of discourse—meaning by this, the art of speaking and

writing on large political subjects, considered as a preparation

for advising or acting in political affairs. (Cp. Attic Orators, ir. ch.

XIII. on his <f>L\oa-ocjiLa, or theory of culture.) Secondly, he was a

political essayist. In this quality—his writings being widely read

throughout Greece—he had perhaps a greater influence on popular

opinion than belonged to any literary man of his time. The style

of hterary prose which he developed had found general acceptance

before 350 B.C.; through Greek teachers who gave it a more

florid colour, it did much to mould the style of Cicero, who

speaks of himself as using 'all the fragrant essences of Isokrates,

and all the little stores of his disciples' {ad Att. 11. i); and

through Cicero, or directly, it has exerted an influence on modern

literature. It has been truly remarked that, for the modern

world, the oratory of the preacher is the best image of that

grave eloquence in which Isokrates excelled. Isokrates is one of

three Greek writers—Plato and Demosthenes being the others

to whom Bossuet declares himself most indebted in the matter

of style.

Isokrates has not the distinctively Attic spirit, the subtle grace

or finished simplicity of Lysias. His dictio/i, indeed, resembles

that of Lysias in purity, and also—though it has a general bent



234 SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

towards grandeur—in avoiding ornament of a poetical kind. But

his composition is of an altogether different stamp. Instead of

aiming at the vigorous compression fittest for real contests, it has

a certain rich diffuseness. Dionysios speaks of the vTraywyiK-rj

TTcptoSos, the 'meandering' periods of Isokr.—having in his mind

such an image as that of a river which leads us on from bend to

bend through the soft beauties of its winding course. Isokrates was

the first great artist in a Greek prose which, without being bound

by the constraints of vicfre (e/xjuerpos), has yet a free rhytlun of

its own (ivpv6iJ.w<; Koi [JL0V(TLK<2<; eivretv, Adz'. Sop/l. § 1 6, p. 83).

The peculiar smoothness of Isokr, results esp. from his careful

observance of h.\?> own rule, Sei ra ^wvTêvra jur} avfJCTrLineiv, i.e. a

vowel at the end of a word must not be followed by a vowel at

the beginning of the next, Plutarch speaks of Isokr, as d (fiofSov-

/u,€vos (})iov7]ev (ji(DV7]ei'TL avyKpovaai {De Glor. AtJien. c. 8), Demos-

thenes did not press this rule so far {Attic Orators, 11. 67), The

figures (a-xwoLTo) specially used by Isokr, are those which depend

on parallelism: viz, (i) dvTiO^cri';—a parallelism in sense: (2)

Trapt'o-wcris, a parallelism in form between two clauses or sentences :

(3) Trapo/Aotwcris, a parallelism of sound, when the latter of two

clauses gives an echo of the former, either at its opening or at its

close, or throughout. The same antithetical bent appears in

Isokr. 's treatment of subject-matter, where his habit is to work

out a leadingidea

bydeveloping all the contrasts which it

suggests. Thus the subject of the Panegyrikos is a Greek war

with Persia. Greece is dealt with in the first part, Persia in the

second : in part I., again, Athens is contrasted with Sparta : the

services of Athens to Greece are divided into the civil and the

military,— the latter being classed as in wars between Greeks or

in wars between Greek and barbarian : part II. shows that Persia

is open to%ttack,, while Greece has every motive for attacking.

Isokrates marks the moment at which the purest Attic prose

begins to pass over into an artificial literary prose of greater rich-

ness, but with less of spiritual grace and delicate precision. In

this respect his literary style corresponds to his intellectual posi-

tion. He belongs to the latter days of free Hellenic life, and

while he has the political exclusiveness of a true Hellene, is

already able to conceive that men not Hellenicin

bloodshould

come to share in Hellenic culture—a conception which, in the



pp. 73, 74]NOTES. 235

generation after his own, began to be realised by the civiUsation

of Hellenism. This has been well brought out by Curtius {Hist.

Greece \. 116, 204). ' Athens', says Isokr., 'has so distanced the

rest of the world in power of thought and speech that her disciples

have become the teachers of all other men. - She has brought it

to pass that the name of Greek should be thought no longer a

matter of race' but a matter of intelligence; and should be given

to the participators in our culture rather than to the sharers of our

common origin': Pancgyr. § 50.—See Attic Orators, 11. 16;

54—79: 425 f.

On the Works of Isokr. in general, ib. 11. 80—260. The

following Extracts represent the several departments of his

writmgs :

A. Scholastic: I. Nikokles, §§ 14 24: II. Encomium on

Helen, §§ 54—58 : III. Evagoras, §§ 47—50 : IV. Against the

Sophists: V. On the Antidosis, §§ 270—302.

B. Political: VI. Panegyrikos, §§ 160—186: VII. Philippos,

§§ 81—104: VIII. Plataikos, §§ 56—63: IX. On the Peace,

g§ 121— 131: X. Archidamos, §§ 52—57 : XL Areopagitikos,

§§ 36-55-

C. Forensic: XII. Aeginetikos, §§ 18—27.

D. Letters: XIII. Letter v., to Alexander : XIV. Letter in.,

to Philip.—See Table in Attic Orators, 11. 83.

I. NIK0KAH2 H KYnPIOL [Or. in.]—Nikokles sue- 74ceeded his father Evagoras as king of the Cyprian Salamis in

374 B.C. The discourse of Isokrates entitled IIpos NiKo/cXe'a (or.

II.) was addressed to the young king soon after his accession. It

is a series of precepts on the duty of a ruler to his subjects. The

NtKOKXiys 7} Ki;7rptoi is a companion piece to the former. Here it

is Nikokles who is supposed to speak, and who instructs his Sala-

minian subjects in their duties towards their king. Since the

prince can appeal to his people's past experience of his rule (§63),

the date can hardly be earlier than 372 B.C. : on the other hand it

cannot be later than 355 B.C., and may probably be placed

between 372 and 365 B.C.

In the following passage the king urges the advantages of a

Monarchy as compared with an Oligarchy or a Republic. Here

Isokrates is essentially the professional rhetor—it being distinctive




of Rhetoric that, like its counterpart Dialectic, it is equally ready

to argueeither side of a question {ravavTia o-uXXoyi^crai, Ar. Ji/icf.

I. i). Isokrates has given the other side in his 'ApeoTrayirtKo's

(p. Ill) as well as in Xht Fanathc?iaikos,v{\\tre he interprets his

own political ideal,—a Democracy tempered by a censorship.

Attic Orators, ii. 87, 90 f.

The advantages claimed for Monarchy, it will be seen, are

briefly these : (i) it discriminates merit, §§ 14, 15 : (2) it has more

insight into the natures and actions of men : (3) it is the mildest

of governments, § 16 : (4) its ministers learn and perform their

duties more thoroughly, §§ 17— 18: (5) it is prompt in action,

§ 19; (6) it has fewer jealousies, § 20 : (7) it has a more direct

interest in good government, §21: (8) it is more effective in war,

§ 22.—As a plea for monarchy by the citizen of a Greek Republic,

compare the brief speech invented by Herod, for Dareios in the

debate of the Persian conspirators, iii. 82.

§§ 14—24-

§ 15. Tas lo-oTTjras] ' Now Oligarchies and Democracies aim

at conditions of equality for all who participate in the franchise,

and the principle which they approve is that no one should be

permitted to have the advantage of his neighbour '. ras to-oTT/Ta?,

plur., because the two forms of ' civic equality ' are different : 01

/u-eTexovTcs t^s iroXtTctas are in the one case the many, in the otherihe few. Cp. Thuc. iii. 62, dAiyap;;^ta tcrovo/ios, i.e. constitutional

oligarchy, opp. to a SwaoTcta.

TO ye [iovXr}ixa\ 'the intention',—that to which its theory

points,—that which it pm-poses to achieve. Plat. Laws 769 d,

ap ov TOtovTov SoKci croi to tov vofnoOiTov l3ovXr]fx' elvai; Arist.

VI [tv] 2. § I (speaking of aptcFTOJcparta and /Jao-iAtta), ySovXcTtti

yap €KaT€pa Kar dpe.TrjV (TWCuTavai K€ôp7]yr)pivr]v :

and jDe Aniw.Gen. IV. ad Jin., (3ov Xerai fxkv ow t^ c^wis {tends)—ovk a/cpi^Sot

Se, 'but does not attain a perfect result'.

§ t6. Ttt? TvpavvcSas] 'Again, all would allow that despotic

governments have superior insight into men's natures and actions'.

Here, as in § 22, the povapyLo- is tacitly identified with the

TvpavvL<i. The Ti'parvos is a ruler whose power is above and

against the laws ; it is characteristic of him that he rules in his owninterest (ro laviov (Jvp<îpov aKoirel, Arist. £t/L Nic. VIII. 12).



pp. 74, 75]NOTES. 237

Depending much on the choice of instruments (Arist. Polit. viii

[v] II. § 12), he has, indeed, practice in the study of character:

only, as Arist. says, the rvpawU is apt to be TrovrjpofjuXov, to favour

bad men. The founder of a despotism was usually a man of

exceptional energy and sagacity : the fallacy here consists in

crediting the TvpavvL<; with the merits of the rvpavvo?.

cf)€pea6aL p.. tot) TrXyjOuv?] ' to be carried with the stream

of the crowd '. dXXd pt]v, ' then, again '.

§ 17. on pkv ovv. .

.

paSiovecrri)

'That Monarchyis the

more 75agreeable, the milder and the juster form of government, might be

proved in ampler detail ; though the general view just given may

perhaps suffice ' : lit. ' not but that {ov p.i^v dXXd) it is easy to see

this comprehensively (o-wtScu ) by means of the foregoing consi-

derations ': 8ia TovTwv, i.e. in §§ 15— 16. Cp. Xen. Cyr. i. 4. § 8, o

iTTTTos TTLTTTei £is yovara, Koi p.LKpov KaKelvov i^€Tpa)(7]Xiar€v (threw him

over its head) : ov p.rjv dXX' eVe'/xeiver, 'nevertheless he kept his seat ':

where, after ov p.y]v, supply lîTpayfiXicnvy as here, aTroSeiât Set.

o-vvtSetv : cp. Arist. Rhet. i. 2. § 12, 8ta ttoXXwi' awopdv, 'to take in

a long chain of reasoning at one view ', joined with iroppwOev XoyL'(,€.cr-

6ai, ' to reason from far back ', /. e. to connect a series of syllogisms.

Trept 8e rwv Aoittwv.] See introd. ad fin. Eight points of

advantage are claimed for Monarchy. Three—graduation of

merit,—insight,—clemency,—have now been noticed. Five (ra

XoLird) remain. 'As to the other points, the degree in which

Monarchies are superior [to Oligarchies or Democracies] with

respect to deliberation or action in matters of urgency, we shall

judge best if we endeavour to institute a systematic comparison in

the most important provinces of activity'. Lit, 'if, comparing the

most important actions [as performed by Monarchy and by its

rival forms of government respectively], we attempt to examine

these

' (a^ras,

=rets peyLcrras Trpaf^ ts).

tStcorai ytyv.] ' return into private life ' (their year of office

having expired).

§ 18. ot 8' aei...ytyi'eo-ât] ' while the ministers of a Monarchy,

having permanent charge of their duties, even if their abilities are

inferior, have at least (ovv) a decided preeminence in the gifts of

experience. Further, the others [ot p-iu the ministers of an Oli-

garchy or a Democracy] betray many interests by neglect, because

they rely upon each olher [/. e. what is every one's business is no




one's]; but the ministers of a Monarchy neglect nothing, since

they know that everything must pass through their hands'.

—The

plur. ai fxovapxiai, § 1 7, leaves room for doubt whether ol 8' act toTs

awTots iTTia-TaTovvTe';, k.t.A.., = oi ^xovap-ôi, or the monarch and his

ministers: the context favours the latter view : cp. §§ 15, i6.}

ev Tais oAty. Iv rats /Aoi/ap;)^.] ot Iv rats oAty. koX tol? SrjfiOKp.

mean the citizens of oligarchical or democratical states; Ht.,

those who are I'/i these forms of government, i.e. who hold

their powers. So ol eV rats p.ovo.p)(LaL<; ougît to mean, those

who ho/d monarchical power, viz. ot /wvapôu But, for the

sense of the context, ttuvtwv /Se'ATto-ra TvpaTTovcnv ought to mean

that the subjects, as well as the monarch, are eminently pros-

perous. Now the clause, evK iôvre'i oro) cfiOovy'jcrovcn, is not against «,

this: since Monarchy is here conceived {§ 15) as a system which

fixes each man in his proper rank, and thus precludes uneasy

rivalry. Therefore I take ot iv rats /Aoi'apiîais ocres here as mean-

ing '

those who live in monarchical States '.1

§ ig. a-vve8pLa...xp6vm'] avveSpia, 'public conferences', a |

general term, including (e.g.) the Athenian (3ovXi], iKKXyjaia, !

SiKacnypia.—)(puvwv, limits of tenure: § 17, Kar iitavTov et§ ras

apâs eto^tovTes.— uvk aTroAetTrovrat twv Katpwv, ' do not allow the

right moments to slip ', do not 'lag behind' them.|

§20. SvcTfxevws ex^vai] ' The ministers of Other governments

(01 //.eV) cherish enmities ;...monarchs, (ot Se,) having a life-long t

tenure of office, maintain their friendships also through life '.

•76 § 21. ot /xev ws tStots] 'The monarch regards the public in-

terests as his own,— the citizen, as belonging to others':—remark utterly untrue to the spirit of the Athenian democracy as

described by Perikles, eVt 8e rot? awots oIkclvjv ap,a koL ttoXltlkwv

cVt/xeAeta, k.t.A. Thuc. II. 40. The essence of Greek political

life, while vigour remained to it, was the identification of the

citizen's interests with city's : avrr] yap >] awôvaa, koL raurTjs £7rtI

TrAeovres op^cos tov<; (f)tXov<; 7roLovp.e6a, Soph. ^///. 189.

iu Tots o'xAots] ' before mobs'

; ie. ' before the Ekklesia or

law-courts ' : cp. Eur. Hipp. 989, ot yap Iv uoôl'i\<f)avXoL, Trap

opÂo) fJLovaLKMTepoi Xeyeii'.

§ 2 2. ov fxovov S'...7reptaA7y'<j()ao-ti'] * It is not only in matters of

routine and in the affairs of every day that monarchies are superior;

they hold in their grasp {/>er/.] also all the gains of war '.



pp. 75,76] NOTES. 239

tS(XTf. KoX \aOuv...TTpoaayayia-QaL.^ 'for purposes of Surprise or

of display [o^^Tîat, so as to strike terror],—in order to persuadeor to compel,—to buy advantages in one quarter, or to conciliate

by attentions in another'. Cp. Andok. £)e Pace § 37, p. 34, which

Isokr, may have had in mind, ra /xev Tret'o-avres tovs "EAXr^ras, ra Se

Xaôi'Tes, TO. 8e Trpta/xei'oi, ra. Se /Siaaa/xcvoi.—rats aXXats 6epaTreLai<;,

attentions, flatteries, o^/wr than money (implied in cKTrpta/xevot) : for

the idiom, see Lysias or. vii. § 25, T171/ akXrjv ovatav, note, p.

223.—Observe rvpavvL'i tacitly identified with p-ovap-^la, as in § 16.

§ 23. Hipcrwv . . . ^Lovv(Tiov.'\ In illustrating the advantages of

fxovapxM, Isokr. takes the word in its widest sense, and draws his

examples from the most diverse forms of government, viz. (i) the

Persian monarchy,—a hereditary and constitutional despotism,

}iovap)îa TvpavvLKij, but Kara vop-ov Koi TrarptKy}, Arist. Po/. III. 14:

(2) the Tvpavm, an unconstitutional despotism, which is only a

perverted form, TrapeKâo-ts, of monarchy, and not properly a

TToXiTeia at all : (3) the constitutions of Sparta and of Carthage, in

both of which the general tendency was oligarchical, and the

'royal' office meant principally the chief command in war : Arist.

Pol 11. 9. § II.

rriKiKa.vTr\v ycy.] The real lessons taught by the Persian WarsH

were that free men fight better than slaves, and that good strategy 1 (/

is incompatible with the caprices of a feeble despot."^

TToXtopK.] When Dionysios became tyrant of Syracuse in 406B.C. the Carthaginians were rapidly conquering the Sicilian cities.

His first operations against them failed : and the words in the

text refer, not to an actual siege of Syracuse {jr]v aurou TrarptSa),

but to its imminent danger after the fall of Gela and Kamarina.

The peace which he made with Hiniilkon in 405 b.c. was a com-

promise which gave him leisure to confirm his own power. His

tyranny was disastrous to all the higher interests of Hellenic civi-

lisation. Cp. Lysias or. xxxiii. §§ 4, 5, p. 2,^.

§ 24. Tou? apKjTa Ttoi/ 'E. ttoXit.] An awkward clause, referring

as it does to Aa/ceS. only : for grammatical clearness, it should

stand between kuI and AaKcS.

oXiyapx.—âcrtX.] Arist. {Pol. II. 11) compares the Cartha-

ginian Council of One Hundred and Four with the Spartan

Ephors, and the Carthaginian Elders (ycpovre?) and Kings (/3acnXas)

with those of Sparta.—The Carthaginian 'Kings' or Suffetes seem




to have been chosen annually from a few principal families : Corn.

Nepos speaks ofHannibal being made rex when appointed to his

foreign command (c. 7), and so Diod. (xiv. 54) of Himilkon, and

Herod, of Hamilkar (vii. 166); Grote x. 548.—Of the Spartan

kingship, Arist. says, So/cei juee cTvai jSao-iXeia fidXicxTa Twv Kara

vojxov, ovK etXTC 8e Kvpia iravTOiv, aXA. urav iêXOr] rrjv pôjpav, rjye/jwu

icTTL TMV Trpos Tou TToXefxov . . .avTT] fxev ovv rj (3a(T. olov crrpaTT/yta

Tts avTOKparuip Kal atSio? iartu, Pol. III. 14.

7roXXoi;s...ei.ds] ttoXXous—e.g. \\\ the case of the Sicilian

expedition, and of the defeat at Aegospotami : li'ds e.g. Kimon,

Phormion. The argument might be illustrated by the story of

the dissension among the Athenian commanders before the battle

of Marathon, when the four who agreed with Miltiades resigned

to him their days of command (Her. vi. 109 f).

77 II. EAENH2 EFKOMION. [Or. x].—The Encomium on

Helen (like another of his works, theBiisiris, or. xi.) is

aslight

essay by Isokr. in a province not his own. Declamations on sub-

jects taken from epos or from the myths had always a prominent

place among the ' displays ' of ordinary Sophists. Such, for

instance, are the Encomium on Helen and the Dcfeiice of Palamedes

ascribed to Gorgias ; the speech of Odysseus Against Palamedes

ascribed to Alkidamas; the speeches of Ajax and Odysseus in

the contest for the arms, ascribed to Antisthenes. The bent of

Isokrates, as he himself tells us, was not towards this kind of

composition. He was not, indeed, hostile to it, any more than

he was hostile to criticism of the poets and other branches of

literary work which employed the Sophists. The encomia which

he depreciates in or. x. § 12 are encomia on bumble-bees and

salt; on the other hand he expressly commends the choice of

such a subjipct as Helen (§ 14) ; and if he speaks of Busiris as a

poor theme (or. xi. § 22), he clearly means only that it is one

which baffles the panegyrist. Yet it is important to note that he

comes upon this field of ' display ' not as a candidate for distinc-

tion, but merely as a critic. The Busiris and the Encomium on

Helen are alike criticisms, in which he first reviews the work of

others, and then shows, for the sake of vindicating his right to

criticise, how he would have done the work himself.

Two indications help to fix the time at which Isokrates wrote.

I. From § 3 it may be inferred that Gorgias was dead; and



pp. j6—7d>] NOTES. 241

Gorgias died about 380 B.C. 2. In § i there is an allusion to the

three chief Sokratic sects—the Cynics, the Academy, the Mega-rics. These sects must have already been mature. The language

implies further that Antisthenes, founder of the Cynics—who died

in 376 B.C.—is still alive. The Encomium may probably be put

about 370 B.C. Attic Orators, 11. 93, 102.

A translation of the following passage will be found in the

Attic Orators, 11. p. 78.

§§ 54-58.

§ 54. ko-kCivoi ravT ey^waaF] The Kai before IkCivoi is not ' also ',

but ' both ', to which Kuyw answers. ckcivoi, Helen's lovers

Theseus, Menelaos, Paris and the heroes who fell in the War of

Troy—Achilles, Sarpedon, etc. : §§ 39—53. to-vt lyi/wo-ai/, 'made

this choice', SC. reîaVai [xaxôfJiCvoLS irepl ttjs Aios ûyarpos, § 53-

r} TOVTwv CKacTTOv] i.e. than av^pia, croîa, hiKaLocrvvq.—We might

expect e/catrrov {sc. ixeTexovTo), but cKaorov is more forcible.

TavTr]s TTJs iSeas] So below, § 58, irepl rrjv iSeai/ ttjv ToiavTrjv :

* this attribute ' or ' quality ' (viz. to KaXXo?, beauty) : a meaning

derived from that of 'species' or 'kind': cp. Lat. gc/ius, e.g.

Cic. £)e Or. 11. 4. 17, qui in aliquo gencre aut inconcinnus aut

multus est, 'in any respect'. Isokr. has also some peculiar uses

of iSe'at in reference to literary composition, viz. (i) as = Tpo7roi

Xo'ywv, the branches or styles : Antid. § n : (2) = (rxvfi-a.Ta, figures

of rhetoric, Parath. § 2: (3) in a larger sense, all 'artificial

resources' which can be formulated, Antid, § 183 : see Attic Ora-

tors, II. 39 and note.

§ 56. ovK diTayop. Oepair.] ' are never tired of paying homage '.

§ 57. ttTTOKaXov/Aev] here, as usu., 'call contemptuously' : but

not always so : e.g. Arist. £t/i. 11.

9,

toi;s ^âXeTratVovras aiSpwScis

aTroKaXovp-ev : cp. Shilleto on Dem. E L, § 274.

§ 58. oo-ot S'] 'but we honour for all time, and as benefactors 78

to the State, those who have guarded the glory of their own youth

in the chasteness of an inviolable shrine '.—a/3arov, bolder than

adiKTov : cp. Plat. Phaedr. 245 A, aTro Movo-^v kutok^xv re /cat

IxavLa Xaftuvaa dTraXrjv kol dj3aT0V vj/vxijy, eyetporo-a Koi iK/SaKx^v-

owa...7raiSeu'eu Soph. frag. 86 {Alcuadae), Nauck p. 118, Sctv3s

yap lp-Kf.iv nXoiros Is t€ rd/âra]xal rrpus (SijSrjXa (vulg. Ta âra),




wealth can win its way into sacred places no less than into those

that all may tread.

III. EYArOPAS. [Or. ix.]—On the occasion of a festival

held by Nikokles, king of the Cyprian Salaniis (cp. introd. to

or. III., p. 235), in memory of his father Evagoras (who died in

374 B.C.), Isokrates sent this encomium as his tribute. The date

is probably about 365 b. c.

Evagoras appears to have been a man of unusually strong

character, and of great abilities both military and political. Cyprus

was divided between Phoenician settlements, such as Kition and

Paphos, and later Greek settlements, such as Salamis and Soli.

But the bulk of the population was, till long after the time of

Evagoras, Phoenician ; and continual contact with the non-hel-

lenic East must always have tended to depress the Greek element

in Cyprus. Evagoras was the champion of Hellenism against

barbarism at this out-post ; first, as restorer of that Greek civilisa-

tion which the Phoenician and Tyrian masters of Salamis had

effaced ; afterwards, as antagonist of Persia in a War of Inde-

pendence. Perhaps the most striking passage in the memoir is

the following, which describes how commerce, arts, letters, humane

intercourse with the outer world, having become extinct under the

rule of the barbarian, speedily sprang into a new life under the

rule of the Hellene. Altic Orators, 11. 113.

§§ 47-50-

§47. iTapakaji(x>v rrjv ttoXlv eK;5.] 'When the city (Salamis)

came into his hands, it had been reduced to barbarism ; owing to

the domination of the Phoenicians, it had no intercourse with

Greeks, no knowledge of the useful arts, no commerce, no har-

bour : but he supplied all these deficiencies ', etc.

SloL Tyv Twv ôLVLKoiv dpx-^ The earliest Greek immigrants into

Cyprus seem to have found Phoenicians already established. The

Greek settlements traced their origin to Athens, Salamis, Arkadia,

Kythnos (one of the Kyklades) : Her. vii. 90. Long after the

time at which Isokrates is writing the Phoenician element in

Cyprus greatly preponderated over the Hellenic : thus Skylax in

his IlepiTrXoi)?, p. 97 (written in the time of Philip of Macedon,

359 23^ B.C.), calls the inhabitants of the interior collectively

' barbarians '. Of the Greek cities on the coast, the chief in the



p. 78] NOTES. 243

time of Skylax seem to have been Salamis, Soli and Marion.

(See Rawlinson on Her. v. 104.)

In 500 B.C. the Cyprian Salamis was ruled by a dynasty of

Greek princes tributary to Persia (Her. v. 104, 114). Ace. to

Isokr., this Greek dynasty—which claimed descent from Teukros

— was dispossessed by a Phoenician adventurer {Ik $otytK>^s avrjf)

if)vyd<;, § 19), whose descendants (e/<y«vot, § 21) held the throne

until it was again taken from them by Evagoras, the heir of the

old Greek kings.

Grote would place the Phoenician usurpation about 450 B.C.

(x. 21), with good reason: though Isokr. at least seems to have

conceived it as occurring much earlier. The restoration of the

Greek 'Teukrid' dynasty by Evagoras cannot have been later

than 411 B.C., in which year Andokides visited Cyprus, and found

Evagoras reigning at Salamis, [Lys.] /// Andok. § 28. And Eva-

goras must have been 'not merely established, but powerful'

(Grote X. 25) when he ventured to harbour Kononafter

Aegos-potami (405 B.C.). At the time of his death in 374 B.C. Evagoras

was an old man (§ 71).

ovT i[jiTropL(a ^^pcuju.] i.e. Salamis did not afford an ifxTropiov, a

centre or seat of commerce, to foreign traders. At Athens the

ifxTTupiov was the ' Exchange '. It is unnecessary to read fjxitopia.

Ti'ixq 7rpoaTrepupdX€To, k.t.A..] 'protected his city with new

fortifications ', in addition to its old recxv-—ivavirrjyô-aTo,

'

causedto be built'. Her. and Thuc. always use the midd.

Tats aXXats KaTacTKevats] ' and, further, so embellished the city

with public buildings that it is surpassed by no other in Hellas'.

For Tttis aXXats cp. NikoJzles § 22, rat? aAXais OepaTreiais, note, p.

239. The term KUTao-Kevat might perhaps include Tctx>?, but not

rpi-t\pti<i. Cp. Thuc. I. 10, ovre. fwotKto-êt'crrys tt^s TrdXews (Sparta)

ovre tcpots koX KaracrKevats iroXvreXicrL ^prjcrap.ivrj'?, ' COStly public

buildings'. A Greek would think of temples, o-roat, theatre,

TrpvTaveLQv, gymnasium, baths.

§ 48. T. €7riSoo-eis...Aa/xy8.] 'take such rapid steps in progress',

= TocrovTOV eTTiSiSoiat,—opp. tO ai'aStSovat or vTrooiSovat, to fall back,

fail. At Athens EVtSo'creis had the special meaning of * benevolences'

contributed by the citizens in the emergencies of the State.

Hence the story in Athenaeos iv. 168 of Phokion's dissolute son :

' Once, when subscriptions to the Treasury (eTrtSoVeis) were being




made, he came forward in the Ekklesia, and said, ' I, too, advance'

(eVtStSw/xt) 'in profligacy', roared the House with one accord':

(see my note to Theophr. Char. xxii. [=xxv.], p. 252).

ToiovToi<i ^^co-iv] ' with such quaUties', a dat. of circum-

stance {=t^v ToiavTo. y]Qy]).—oXtyw Trporepov: in §§ 22 f., where

it is said that Evag. was distinguished in youth by a-oif^poavvr]

as well as pii)fxr] and KaXXo5,—in manhood, by avhpia, o-o^ta,

8t/caio(rw7y.

KuXv Xiav arroX.] = Xiav ttoXv, SO w/xt3s ayav, Xen. Veci. V. 6.

§ 49. i(jiLKOLTo] 'do justice to': Dem. J^. L. % 65, ou'S' o.v els

'^vvaiT icjiLK€aOaL tw Ao'yo) tojv e/cei KaKwv v£'f ovTwr. So oratlOlie

cojisequi 2X\o;}x\(S., Cic. Post Red. ad Quir. 2. § 5.

Tov TOTTov Tov TTepie'x.] 'The coast adjacent to Cyprus'—mean-

ing esp. the seaboard of CiUcia and Karia. Phoenician trading

posts had existed there from early times, but on the Cilician

coast the Greeks had few settlements before the time of Alexander.

79 ctTrpocroto-Tw?, k.t.A.] ' their temper was so unsociable and

savage that they deemed those rulers the best who were most|

cruelly disposed towards the Greeks ':—a description which

doubtless includes the Phoenician colonists as well as the natives

of the Asiatic mainland. In the pseudo-Lysian speech ' Against

Andokides ' it is stated that when he visited Cyprus he was im-

prisoned by the [Phoenician] king of Kition, koX ov jxovov Bdvarov

i(jioj3eLTo akXa kol ra KaO Tj/xepav alKLSfUiTa, olofievo^ ra aKpwTTjpLa

^(3vT0S aTTOTjJirjOrjcridOaL, § 26.

§ 50. a/xtXX. otrtves Soiôi;crt] ' vie with each other, which of

them shall seem'. The relative with fut. ind. here expresses a

purpose, oiTives Sdôvcrt being equiv. to an object-clause, ottcus

CKacTTOt hoôvai. So irpeajSeLav Tre/xTretv, 7yTts fpet, Dem. 0/. 1. § 2 :

Goodwin §*65, cp. § 45.

KTV/fxaai—eTTtTTjS.] By KXT^/xara are meant esp. works of art,

the beautiful objects which surrounded a Greek in his home-life;

cp. ThuC. II. 38, iSt'ais KaracTKCuats cuTrpeTTfcrtv, wv KaO r/jxepai'

rj ripij/LS TO Xv-m^pov iKirXrjcrcreL.—eTrtTr/Sev/xacrt, ' pursuits ' (business

or recreation) in the most general sense : cp. Thuc. zA, tcx KaO'

}Qp.epav eTTtTTjScv/xara.

TrXttous 8e, K.T.X.] 'a greater number of men versed in litera-

ture and art QiovatKrj), ai^d men of intellectual accom])lishment



pp. 78, 79] NOTES. 245

generally (7; aWrj Trat'Seuo-is), reside in these regions than in the

communities[Trap' ols, aj>//d eos]

whichthey formerly

frequented'.Twv rrepl Trjv ixovctlktJv^ Here, fjiovaLKi] is best taken in its

larger sense. But cp. Epist. viii. of Isokr. (toi? Mi^tiA-t^voiW u.p-

yovcnv), which commends to the government of Mytilene the

eminent musician Agenor, by whom the grandsons of Isokr. had

been taught music—TratSeuêVres ra TTcpt Trjv ixovo-lktjv, Ep. VIII.

§ I. In § 4 ib. he calls Mytilene fiova-tKioTOLT-qv, i.e. famous for

poetry, letters and art—where again the larger sense is uppermost.

(See Attic Orators, 11. 247.)

7rpoo-o/xoXoyr;'(T6tev] Trpos in this verb and its subst. Tvponoix.oko'îa.

does not usu. mean 'besides', 'in addition', but merely 'to', i.e.

'in discussion with another': as Trpoo-ovofxdt,iD in Her. 11. 52 is not

*to give an additional name', but 'to accost by a name'.

IV. KATA TON 20$l2TON. [Or. xiii.]—'Against the

Sophists'.—As Isokr. himself tells us {Antid. § 193), this discourse

was written at the beginning of his professional life ; and it may

probably be assigned to the year 391 or 390 B.C. The speech

would thus have the character of a manifesto in which, at the outset

of his career, the teacher protests against the system adopted by

other members of his profession, and declares the principles by

which he himself intends to be guided. In its extant form the

discourse is plainly imperfect. It breaks off at the point where

Isokr. is passing—as he passes in the introductions to the

Busiris and the Encomium on Helen—from destructive criticism

to positive illustration.

Isokr. accepts for himself the name of o-ofîo-rrfs, as of

honourable import when rightly understood (A/itid. § 220), but

distinguishes himself from the dyeXoLot <TO(^t(jTat, the common herd

of the profession {Panathen. § 18). Under the title of o-otîo-rui',

three classes of teachers are censured in this piece, viz. :

(i) The Eristics,—01 Trcpl ras eptSas 8taTpt)3ovTes, § 2 : whose

characteristic is that they profess, for a small fee, to impart abso-

lute knowledge {hnsrî^- Isokr. probably includes, if he does

not specially designate, tlie minor Sokratics, and particularly

Eukleides.

(2) The professors of ' Political Discourse'—01 toO? ttoXitlkov?

XoyoDs vTncryvuv/xevoL—meaning the teachers of Practical Rhetoric,

J.

•

17




Deliberative and Forensic. Now the general aim of these

teachers was that of Isokr. himself, viz. to train men for the

active duties of civic life. The point of this censure is that they

claim too large and infallible an efficacy for their method : TratSeta,

instruction, can do much, but it must be aided by i^vcn?, natural

aptitude, and by e/xTretpta, experience.

(3) The writers of Treatises on Rhetoric, 01 ras re'^vas ypa-

i/âvres. These are censured for devoting themselves to the Rhe-

toric of the law-courts, neglecting the higher or political province

of their art, and so becoming ' teachers of meddlesomeness and

greed'.

Here, Isokr. is stating what his c^t\oa-o<^ta, or theory of culture,

is not. In the discourse on the Antidosis (written 35 years later,

ill 353 B.c—see p. 85) he states what it is.—Attic Orators^ 11.

127—134-

§ I. aXaôvevecrâi]'

As it is, the reckless bragging of im-postors has created an impression that the votaries of indolence

are better advised than those who give their days to serious

study'. paOvfjieLv—careless enjoyment, opp. to strenuous prepara-

tion (through TToXiTLKol Xoyoi) for public life. ^t/Voo-o^ta, in the

special sense of Isokr., is the art of speaking or writing on

large political subjects, considered as a preparation for advising

or acting in political affairs. See Attic Orators, 11. 36, ch. xiii,

on his ' Theory of Culture '. The term ^tAocro^ta was often used

at this period, as later, in the general sense of cfuXoKaXia ns koI

Siarpt/?)) Trept Adyors (Aristeid. II. 407).

Twv Trepi Tcts IptSas Starpi/^.] including some of the minor

Sokratics, e.g. Antisthenes and the Cynics, Eukleides and the

Megarics—to whom he alludes again in a later work, the jEnco-

tnium on tielen, § i. There, we find a clear allusion to Plato

also, as teaching that Valour, Wisdom and Justice form the

subject-matter of one science. Here there is prob. no reference

to Plato, who at this time (390 B.C.) was perh. not yet conspicu-

ous: in the Panathenaikos, however, (339 b.c.) the cpio-riKot 8ia-

Aoyot named as popular with young men (§ 118) must certainly

include the dialogues of Plato.

80 § 2. (3ovX€vofxivov<i virep avTw] 'deliberating about the future'?

vwlp avTwv = Trepi twv /xiXXovTiDV : a common use of vTrep in early



pp. 79, 80] NOTES. 247

Greek, but somewhat rare in good Attic : cp. Plat. Apol. 39 e,

T^Sc'ws ai' ZioXiyQi-'iriv vireji toS yeyoioros rovrovi Trpayyaaros.

ov T7]v €K£iiwi-, K.T.\.] ' iiot that hc Iciiew their [the gods"]

mind, but because he wished to show us that, for men, knowledge

of the future is a thing impossible ': a fortiori, if not even gods

are certain about it.

§ 3. e7rio-Tr;/A->?s] Cp. § 8, where ' those who profess to have

knoKih'dgc'' {iTTLaT-rjixTjv) are said to be 'less consistent and less suc-

cessful than those who act upon opinions \ oX rats So'ûts ;)(pw/x£i/ot.

The mention of kTvidj-rnkri here again points to the Sokratics. The

view of Isokr. was that the teacher of (/)tA.oo-o(îa has to prepare men

to deal with occasions (Katpoi) as they arise. It is impossible to

foresee exactly all these occasions ; there can be no science (eVt-

cTTi'iixi]) of them. There can be only opinion (Soâ), conjecture

(o-roxao-yud?), about them : and he is the wisest man who—exact

foresight being out of the question—can best conjecture what any

given crisis will demand of him {Attic Orators, 11. 40). Cp.

Isokr. A/ltid. § 184, t'l'tt. .. eyyurepo) tcov Kaipwv rais Sdâts yeVwvrai.

Tw fjXv yap eibevaL TrcpiXa/êiv auroi^s ov^ otoV t eortV.

§ 4. ovK av -qfxcfita-^. tos ovk ev<f)p. rvyx-] ' Were they selling any

other of their possessions for a small fraction of its value, they

would not dispute [= they would admit] their own folly '. This is

plainly the sense : but, in order to obtain it, we must omit ovk

before ev. For ovk ap.(^La-jSriTei ws OVK fv (fipovel means, not, 'he does

not deny', but, 'he does not maintain that he is senseless': see

Plat. Polit. 476 D, eav d[x<:l)La/37jTfj cos ovk dXr]6rj Xeyo/xev, if he main-

tains that we do not speak truly: Farm. 135 A, dp.<î(j^riT€iv ws

OVK ea-TL ravra, k.t.X. Dobree (Adz'ers. I. 275) saw that ovk must

be omitted here, noticing Isokr. or. xviii. Ad7'. Callim. § 35 as a

case in which, on the contrary, ov must be inserted: ws /xei' XP^---

ovS' avTov oT/xat avrepetv. But thei-e, I think, the order of the clauses

confirms the text :' As to the propriety... I do not think that even

he would deny it '. Had ai/repetv preceded ws XP'?) then ov must

have been inserted. TJixcjaa-f^yTrjirav : in aor. and imperf. the form

with e is a v. 1. for that with i in Plat. Menex. p. 243, Dem. 39. 19 :

44. 27 (imperf) : Plat. Gorg. 479 ; Dem. 27. 15 : iz--^

' 43- 20

(aor.) : also in aor. pass. Dem. t^^. 8 ; see Veitch, Greek Verbs

(ed. 187 1) ^. V. The form 77/^(^1- has, on the whole, most authority

as the normal one in Attic of the classical age.

17—2



248 SELECTIONS. [ISOKRATES

dpyvpiSLov, K.T.X.] ' The scientific aim of the teachers de-

scribed, coupled with their moderate earnings, and contempt, ^

genuine or affected, of " filthy lucre" {apyvpiotov, k.t.X.) are features

which meet in the minor Socratics, and in them only ' : Dr

Thompson, Phaedrus, p. 177, 71. 9.—For aTroKaXowTcs, cp. Heleyi.

Encom., § 57, note, p. 241.

§ 5. êo-eyyuovvrat] 'with these men they cause the fees

payable by their pupils to be deposited '. Isokr. says that the

(Toîo-TTfs, who professes to teach his pupils virtue, believes so little

in the virtue which his pupils will have acquired at the end of the

course that he requires them to deposit their fees beforehand

in the hands of a surety, who acts as a middle-man (juccreyyvT^T);?)

between teacher and disciples.—The form /xeo-eyyvovo-ât is illus-

trated by /xeo-eyytioj/Aaros in Panath. § 13, where Sauppe conj.

fjieaeyyvy]fxaros.

§ 6. ouSev KwXu'ei] KwXveL impersonal : ovSev adverbial : cp. Ar.

j4v. 463, ov 8iajU,aTT€iv ov KioXvei.

cVepyaô/AeVous] 'those who engender virtue and temperance' f

(in their disciples). The same topic of ridicule is used by- Plato :f

Go7'g. 519 C, 01 (TO<jiLcrTaL, Tu/VXa cro<ôi oi'TCS, tuvto aTOTTOV ipya-

ôvrat Trpaypa' (f)d(TKOVT€<; yap apeTrj<; oioaaKaXoL eu'at TroXAaKts

KaTrjyopova-i twv [xaOrjToJv ws aSiKOiJcrt crâ?, toi;s T€ /xtcrôt;s aTrocTTe- i

powres, K.T.X. Cp. ilf. 460 E. !

81 § 7- '''^5 evavTiojcreis] 'contradictions'. Plat. Po/. 454 A, Kar'

avTO TO ovopa StwKetv to{} X^^6€.vto<; Trjv evavTtoxrti/, t.e. to press a

verbal discrepancy. Cp. Isokr. Evag. § 44, oyuoiws rcis Iv rots

epyoig o/x,oXoytas wcrTTcp ras €1^ tois Xoyois 8ia(^t;XaTTwv, observing

consistency alike in word and deed.

§ 8. rats 8dtais] See § 3, eTrtcrTTyyu,?;?, ;/(?/^.

§ 9. aXXa Kai Tots Tous ttoX. Xoy. i;Vto-;(.] Isokr. now tunis

from the 'Eristics' to the second class of o-o^tcrrat whom he cen-

sures. TToXiTi/coi Xoyot meant properly Deliberative or Forensic

Rhetoric : see Aiiic Orators, i. 90. Isokr. would limit the name

to what he regards as the properly 'political' themes: forensic

speeches are in his view merely sham ttoXitikoL Cp. below, § 20,

and introd.

di'ato-^T/Tws— TrapaXiTretv] ' So Stupid are they, and so dull do

they conceive others to be, that, although they compose worse

than some amateurs extemporise, they yet promise to make theirj.



pp. 80—82] NOTES. 249

pupils such consummate speakers that they shall miss not one of

the topics which their subjects afford '. wcrre /xr^Sti/ irapaXfiritv :

as if they said, ovSev av TrapaAiTrotre.

§ 10, Tttis lfXTreifjiai<i...rfi ^wc] 'the lessons of experience '...

' the native power of the learner'. In Ant'id. % 186— 191 Isokr.

explains that three things go to make a consummate speaker,

(})v(Ti<;, TratSeta, e/xTretpta,—and that, of these, the first is by far the

most important. The mistake of the teachers censured here is

that they represent TratSeta ( = 17 twv Xoywv iirLa-Ttjfir]) as being ofcertain and absolute efficacy.

Gcrov evea-Tiv iv iKoiaTrj] ' the capability ' of each art ; what it 82

can, or cannot, do.

§ II. ttJi' îXoo-o^tav] i.e. the study oi iroKniKoi Xoyoi, as

opp. to natural power or practical experience in them : cp. § i,

note on aXaôve-uecrât.

ovS av k\a.y(i(jTov /x€po9] Cp. Lysias In Eratosth. § 22, eyw S'

c{3ovX6iX7]v au avTOv<; aXr]9rj Xiyetv' [xerrjv yap av Kai ifX-OL tovtov

rdyaOov ovk eXaxicTTOv p.ipo'?, note, p. 205.

Tors (^Xuapowras] Dobree would omit tous, or change it to

aiJTous : needlessly, I think.

Ttts ftXaacji-)]ixLai\ ' for I perceive that the slanders which arise

do not touch the offenders only, but affect all who are engaged in

the same pursuit ',

—Isokr. regarding himself as a a-o(î(Trq<;, though

not ayeXatos, ' of the herd ' ; see introd. Cp. the Aiitidosis, the

apology for his life, of which a great part (§§ 167—269) is devoted

to answering -q Koivrj irepl t<2v ao(f)iaTwv SLajSoXi] (§ 168).

§ 12. 7roir]TiKov irpdyfji.] 'who are not aware that they are

measuring a creative process by the analogy of an exact art ' : /. e.

to make a really good speech is a TroLrjTLKov vpayixa,—it demands

some degree of inventive faculty and natural abiUty; but these

sophists pretend that they can teach a man to do this with as

much certainty and precision as they can teach him his letters.

Terayfxa'r] Texvr], an art with fixed rules, where nothing is left to

imagination or invention. For ttoltjtlkov, cp. §17, i/'vîy? dvSpiKi]<;

Kttt SoiaaTLKT]^. Dobree strangely says, ' malim ttolklXov'.

firj8h/ 8e Twv aiirwv] 'and is capable of finding topics different

in all

respects from those used by others'.

—cvpecrts, invention,

and rdiis, arrangement, were the two provinces oi irpayp-aTiKos




T0V09, the treatment of subject-matter (Dionys. De Comp. i) : as

Xefts (in the narrow sense), diction, and o-t'rêcrts, composition,were the two provinces of Xcktikos toVos, the treatment of language.

§ 13. T17S dvofj-oLoT-qTos atirwi'] i.e. jpajijxdToiv, grammar, the 'art

with fixed rules', and A.dywv, political speaking, the ' creative' effort.

83 § 14- iSiwrat] 'Many of those who have studied this art [of

' political discourse '] have remained private persons, while others,

who have never attended the lectures of any professor, have proved

themselves powerful oratorsand

statesmen ' : Ihonai, withan

allusion to the case of Isokr, himself, who, as he tells us, was hin-

dered by want of nerve and weakness of voice (roA/Aa—<â)vi7,

Panath. § 10) from entering public life. See Attic Orators, 11. 5. ;

Tots Trept Tos e/xTT. ycy.] ' those who have passed the ordeals •

of experience '—in the ekklesia and the law-courts.

§ 15. ^T/Tetv-.-eStSac-ei'] i.e. their training gives them greater

readiness of resource in the search for topics : they know where to

look for them. The very phrase tq-koi., loci conimiines., meant

those places (in the mind or memory) where classified arguments|

or illustrations are stored. 'Those things which they now light\

upon at random [TrXavw/xevoi, temere\, the discipline teaches them

to find by a more ready method': l^ eTOLfjLoripov, the co//parative

only, because, though a systematic training gives the speaker a

surer command of his Mêapons, it cannot enable him to foresee

the exact requirements of each occasion.

ay(ovio-Tas...Xoy. TrotT/ras] 'It cannot make them good debaters I

or masterly orators, but it can improve their natural power, and in

many respects sharpen their insight '.—aywvio-T?/s, a combatant in

real debate, opposed to a mere student or declaimer. Kleon's ;

speech in Thuc. iii. 37, 38 brings out this image of debate as an '

ctyojv : seCf^ttic Orators, 1. 39.

§ 16. Twv fxev iSewv] 'the forms', or 'elements': strictly, the

various kinds, classes of argument or ornament which prose com-

position employs. Cp. Autid. § 183, rag I'Se'as dirda-as aU 6 Xoyos|

Tvy)(dvei )(pa>fxei'o<s : where, as here, it includes all the resources of

literary art which can be reduced to formulas. Isokr. also uses

iSe'ai in narrower senses, as (i) bj-anches or styles of composition,

A?itid. § II, or {2) Jigieres of Rhetoric, Panath. § 2. Attic Orators,.

II- 39- ,

Tots paSiws x'ttio-xv.] ' those who make rash promises '. Cp. § 9. i



pp. 82—84] NOTES. 251

TO 8e To-uTwv] ' But to choose from among these resources

[rovTiovfern., sc. twv tSecov] those which should be apphed to each

subject,—to combine and arrange them fitly,—further, not to miss

the right moments [for using each], but to stud the whole discourse

with points happily made, and to clothe it in phrase of gracious

movement and melody,—this, I say [Se], demands much study,

this is the task of a mind possessing vigour and imagination, and,

for this, the learner must not only have the due natural gifts,—he

must further learn to distinguish the branches (ei'Si?) of oratory,

and must gain practice in their use. The teacher, again, must

expound the theory (ra îv) with all possible precision, so as to

omit nothing that can be taught ; while in the practice {tmv Aoittwv)

he must set such an example that those who have already been

formed in the rough [iKTv-n-aiOivTai), and who are capable of imi-

tating him, may from the outset (ciOvs) exhibit a style of more

than ordinary elegance and finish '. IvOvixruxacri, rhetorical syllo-

gisms : see Attic Orators, 11. 289.—So|ao-TiKi7?, capable of forming

a sagacious Sdâ {iTna-Trjfxrj being out of the question: cp. §3, fiote);

parodied by Plato, Gorg. 463 A, SoKtt tolvvv /xot, w Topyta, etvat ti

iTnTTjbevixa (^sc. Rhetoric) Te>(vtKov /xei/ ov, ^^XV'^ ^^ crToxaaTLKrjs

Koi avSpetas,—

'a soul with the courage of its conjectures'.

§ 19. apTL dvacjivofxevoL, k.t.X.] The sophists who have 'lately 84

sprung up ', and ' recently embraced their pretentious callings',

are both the two preceding classes (i) the Eristics, {2) the

professors of TroXtriKot Xoyoi. These, he says, will at last be con-

verted to his principles (TavTrjv rrjv virodeaLv). He now comes to

the third class.

Te'xva?] Artes, treatises on Rhetoric. The writers primarily

meant are doubtless Korax of Syracuse (circ. 466 B.C.), and his

pupil Tisias, on whom see Attic Orators, i. cxxi f : perh. also

Antiphon. Gorgias, Thrasymachosof Chalkedon, and Polos

had also written Te'xvai, but were probably less liable to the

charge brought here—that of dealing exclusively with Forensic

Rhetoric.

SiKaêa-Oai] ' to conduct law-Suits ', to frame KaTqyopiai or airo-

Xoyiai. This was strictly true of Korax, whose express object was

to help Sicilian litigants {Attic Orators, i. cxviii), and also perhaps

of Tisias. Aristotle makes the very same criticism on the writers

of Ti^yî generally who had preceded him, E/iet. i. i § 10, TrepI




[i.\v iKeuT]^ (t/J? ^-qjxy}yopiKrj<i Trpay/iarcia?, the Rhetoric which trains

for political debate) ovhlv Xeyovai, Trcpl 8e toi) SiKaêcrâi TravTe?

TTCtpojiTai Te;^voXoy£rv.

§ 20. Kat TttSra] referring to virio-xovTo, k.t.X.: 'and this, when

the accomplishment, in so far as it can be taught, is available for\

all other branches of oratory just as much as for the forensic ':— 1

Tou Trpay/Aaros : cp. § 12, ttoitjtlkov 7rpdyixaT0<;, and fio/e. He prefersj

this vague term, because it suits his doctrine that Rhetoric is not;

a mere reTayixivq rexyVi but largely a matter of natural aptitude.I

ouSev fxaXXov, k.t.X. : i.e. Rhetoric is avfj^fSovXevTiKij and iTrbSeLKTLKtj\

as well as SiKavLK-rj.

Twv -irepl Tcts cp. KaXii/8.] 'those who dabble in frivolous dispu-

tations'; cp. § I, fiofe on Twv Trept ras e'ptSas. KaXti'Stio-ât, like

versari, but with a contemptuous sense, implying busy idleness '

('to potter about'), cp. Isokr. Philipp. % 81, tois £7rt tov (3ij[xaTos

Ko\ivSoD/u.€vots, 'the busy triflers of the platform', nofe, p. 275.

cp.p,£u/eiev] 'abide by', i.e. put into practice:—'(quibbling argu-

ments, AoytSta), on which a man could not act in real life without

instant and utter disaster '.—TrepI avrojv, sc. twv XoyiSlwv :' still

they are wont to urge these in the name of virtue and of temper-

ance', lirriyy., ' profess '

: cp. cTrayyeXp.aVcoi', § i.

cTTi Tovs ttoXlt. X6yov<s\ jtoXltlkoL Xoyoi, in the proper sense,

were such as belonged to practical civic life, i. e. either deliberative,

av/j.j3ovXiVTiKOL, or forensic, hiKaviKol. These teachers, Isokr. says,

neglect the real benefits which their study can confer (ra TrpocroVra

auTuis dyadd, that is, in the higher or deliberative branch), and un-

dertake to be 'teachers of meddlesomeness and greed' (i.e. of

the forensic branch,— the art of litigation).

§21. KatVot...aj<êA.T^cr€i€i/] 'Those, however, who choose to

obey the jjêcepts of this study [^tAocroc^tas

—the true Xo'ywv

TrafScta] will be aided by it to acquire moral worth much more

surely than rhetorical skill ' : ivoXv Outtov, because, as he has said

(g 10), the teacher cannot promise to make the pupil a good

speaker.—Cp. Antid. §§ 274 f, p. 86.

ojs ecrrt StKatoo". StSa/cro'i'] Plat. Pi'otag. 328 D (Sokrates to

Protagoras), t»}v dpeTrjv ^rjs StSaKxcJi/ €uai. ' That virtue cannot be

taught is a paradox of the same sort as the profession of Socrates

that he knew nothing. Plato means to say that virtue is not



pp. 84, 85] NOTES. 253

brought to a man, but must be drawn out of him,—and cannot

be taught by rhetorical discourses or citations from the poets'

(Jowett, Plato, I. 119). Cp. Antid. § 279, p. 87.

ov [xriv aXAa] ' At the Same time I think that the study of 85

pohtical oratory is most likely to be helpful [o-w—] in stimulating

and forming such a disposition ' : crvvaaK-rjaat nv, i. e. will he/p a

man to practise these virtues,—ov ju,?yv : or. iii. § 17, }iote, p. 237.

V. HEPI ANTIAOSEfiS. [Or. xv.]— ' On the Antidosis', or

'Exchange of Properties'.—In the discourse 'Against the Sophists'

Isokr. sought to distinguish his own conception of his calling—as

a crocîcTTT/s in the higher sense—from those of teachers whose

views he deemed false and mischievous. In the present discourse

—written 35 years later (353 B.C.)—he explains his own conception

more fully, and defends his art {-q twv Aoywv TraiScta) against its

assailants generally. Taken together, these two essays express

hiswhole

literary and educational creed,both on

its

negative andon its positive side : they are the prologue and epilogue of his

professional life.

Isokrates had lately been called upon to undertake the tri-

erarchy, or to make exchange of properties {atitidosis) with his

challenger. The case had come to a trial ; the trierarchy had

been imposed upon Isokrates, and he had discharged it (§ 5).

Vexed, however, by the general prejudice against his pursuits to

which he felt that the verdict had been due, he determined to

publish an Apologia—a discourse ' which should be an image of

his mind and life ' (§ 7). This he throws into the form of a speech

made in court against one Lysimachos (§ 14), who, by working on

popular prejudice, is seeking to cast the burden of the trierarchy

upon him. Much of the discourse is not, he allows, in the forensic

style (§ 10); yet, by the concluding allusion to a verdict (§ 323),

he aims, in some measure, at sustaining the fiction to the end.

It is known that, in 355 B.C., Isokrates had really been chal-

lenged to an exchange of properties by one Megakleides ; and,

being unable through illness to appear in court, had been repre-

sented by his adopted son Aphareus, whose speech on the occa-

sion is quoted by Dionysios. Now this is probably the trial to

which Isokrates refers as having been decided against him. It

must have taken place at least a year before the date of this dis-

course, since it is implied that the public service had now been




discharged (§ 5). Lysimachos is a fictitious person who stands

for the Megakleides of the real trialAttic

Orators.,11.

134f.

The following Extract is the pith of the whole discourse—his

account of his (j>LXuao<pia, and the general grounds on which he

rests its claims.

§§ 270—303.

§ 270. Trepl fxkv ovv tovtw^'] i.e. the practical worth for the

State of those studies to which Isokr. has given his life, and the

danger to Athens from the a-vKocfâvTaL who denounce them

:

§§ 199—269.—TO ivy eTi'o.i, 'for the present': so eKo]v eliai, to

TTjixepov elpat (Plat. Crat. 396 e), kclto. tovto euat, i^Prot. 317 a), to

eV tVeiVots Civa.1 (Xen. H. III. 5, 9). Goodwin § iod. 2.

cro(^ta? Kai <^tXo(jo(^.] ' Wisdom and philosophy '. The term

(faXoaotjita, said to have been invented by Pythagoras, prob. did

not come into general use at Athens much before the time of

Sokrates. Cp. Dr Thompson's note on Plat. Phaedr. 2780.

Attic Orators^ n. 36.

TTcto-ais Tttts Trpay/xaTc'ttt?] ' for they [these notions, o-o^t'a,

(fnXo(TO(jiLa] have nothing to do with any legal issue'—and would

usually, therefore, be out of place in a forensic speech, such as this

purports to be. Cp. Isokr. Ad Nicocl. [or. 11] § 18, Tas juev e/Dyao-ta?

a.vTol<i KaOiaTrj KC/jSaXea?, Tas 8k Trpay/xaTeia? eTTt^T^/xtous, ' make

their industries profitable to them, and their law suits costly'.

£7r€t877 Kol KpLvofxai,...Kai...(J37]iJii^ 'since I am being tried on

such issues, and since, too,...' The Kal before KpiVo/xat = ' both

(not ' actually '), answering to the kol before rrjv KaXovixevrjv.—Trept TWK TOLovTdiv = a-o(f)ta<i kol ^tXocrot^ta?, because the action con-

cerning the ai'TiSoo-ts had been brought on the strength of a

general prejudice against his pursuits. The real issue, for him,

is to vindicate his past life.

Trjv StKatws av voîttô/xeVTî'] ' that which might properly be

deemed such'—the genume <îAocro(/)ta: = 17 au StKai'ws vofxiôLTo.

§ 271. eTTKTTrijx-qv] Cp. Adv. Sop/iisi. §3, fiote, p. 247. Isokr.

does not deny i-mo-Tyixr] in the Platonic sense, a possible know-

ledge of absolute truth, but merely an iTrLo-Tijfxr] of the con-

tingencies whichmay

arise in practical life. His view means no

more than that the future is uncertain. See Attic Orators, 11. 52.



pp. 8s, 86] NOTES.255

eK Toji/ AotTTwc] 'in the next resort': lit. 'of the men who

remain ',—men gifted with eVto-riy/xT; being out of the question.

§272. ovT(D...(T(ôSpa...Kal TToAi'] 1.6'. ovT(o cr(ji6Spa TrapaSoâ

[the adjective would be cr</)oSpa) ovrw o-^d8pa ttoXv dfêa-rwra : for

(rcf)68pa TToXv, cp. or. IX. § 48, TToXv Xt'av {= A.iav ttoXv), liotc, p. 244.

T77F apyri\^ adverbial, 'at the outset': Andok. De Pace % 20,

iirjv yoip avrots ât ryv apx'fjv iujaiv 'Op^jô/xevtous avrovofjiovs elp-qvrjv

ayeiv. In negative sentences, dpxjr, without (?;-/.,— 'at all' {pni-

niiio).

§ 273. ws dp eyw, k.t.X.] ' as to Suppose {dpa) that, standing 86in peril as I do [of your verdict], I would have resolved to use

arguments which contravene your views, did I not consider that

they follow from those which I have already urged, and that the

proofs by which I can support them are sound and clear '. He

means, ' It will startle you to hear that virtue cannot be taught

:

but a definition of the intellectual and moral scope which I claim

for my 0t\ocro(^ta is a necessary supplement (aKoXovOo^) to what

I have already said on its /r(rr//r^/ worth'.

§ 275. ov p.7Jv d\k', K.T.A..] 'At the same time, I grant that

their characters are likely to be improved and ennobled ': cp.

Adz'. Sophist. § 15, p. 83, aureus 8' dv aurwv irpoaydyot koX Trpos

TToWa cfipOVLjJLWTepWS StttKetCrâl TT0L7](T€i€V.

Tyj<i...rrjv Svvapiv r. exow"*??] * that which is truly what the term

imports ',=T'7s opdw<; 6vop.a'C,op,ivr}<;, that n-Xf.ove.^La which means

irXiov ex^tv in the highest sense : see below, § 282.

§ 276. 7r. ras vTroOiaeL?, k.t.A..] ' he is certain not to take his

themes from the dishonest or frivolous controversies of private

litigation, but from great and noble subjects which concern the

welfare of mankind and the interests of the Commonwealth :

since, if he does not find such themes, he will utterly fail to

achieve his objects'—viz. to deserve €7raii/os and TLfjut].—iStW avfx-

ôX., 'private contracts', i.e. all the transactions between men

which give rise to StVat : cp. Lys. In Erat. § 98, fiLKpwv eveKa avp.-

fioXaiMv, (for small debts,) f/ote, p. 210. So in Arist. Phct. i. i

§ 10 Forensic Rhetoric is y Trepl rd a-waXXdypâra.

/LicyaAa? kol KaXas] Earlier in this speech Isokr. has given ex-

amples of what he means by p-eydXat v-n-oOecret?,—viz. the com-

parative claims of Athens and Sparta to the hegemony (§ 59),




treated in his own Pancgyrikos : and the measures needed for a

reform of Athenian poHcy (§ 65), treated in his De Pace.

§ 277. tcHv Trpaêojv] * Next, he will select the most impressive

and the most beneficent of the actions which illustrate his sub-

ject'. Thus, in showing that Athens has a better claim than Sparta

to lead Greece, Isokr. adduces (in the Pancgyrikos) the great

services of Athens to Greece : these are Trpdt^L^ awTeivovo-ai 7rp6s

rrjv vTToOeaLv, historical facts bearing on his theme : and the

habitual contemplation of noble actions, as illustrating a noble

subject, will educate the intelligence no less than the literary

faculty of the student—will give him to €u (^poreti' as well as

TO €v Aeyetv.

37 § 278. T^? dpeTTj';'] 'virtue'. Cp. Ad?'. SoJ>Iiisf. § 21, iroXv av

BaTTOV Trpos €Tn€LKeinv i] vrpos prjTopeiav wcjieXyjaeLev (77 cf)LXo(ro(f)La),

and nofc, p. 252. The argument is that the professor of persuasion

will cultivate virtue, because virtue is persuasive.

Twv eS StaKct/AeVcoi'] ' men of good disposition ' (cp. or. ix. § 49,

p. 79, wftorara 7rpo5 Tov^"EWr)vas SiaKeLp.evoi), Opp. tO 01 Sia/SefSXr)-

fxivoL, ' men of tarnished character '. The fallacy peeps out in the

tacit substitution oftwv ev SiaKeijaeVwv for Twi' SoKovvTuyv €v SLaKelcrdat :

for, even granting that the surest way to seem anything is to l?c it,

yet for Isokr.'s argument it would suffice that one should seem

without being.

Ttt? €K Tov /3tov yeyc!'.] ' the proofs which have been afforded by

a man's life' : i.e. apart from the logical value of the speaker's

reasonings (ttiotcis at vtto toi; Xoyov TreiropLijfJiii'at), he will be the

more persuasive in proportion as his past conduct makes it pro-

bable that he is sincere.

§ 279. rrjv T?7s ewoia'; Swa/xii-] ' the power of good-will'—the

cwoia felt hv the hearers for a man whom they believe to be good.

Arist. P/icf. II. I says that tÔlkt] Trtorts

—the persuasiveness arising

from the speaker's presumed qualities^—has three elements,—(his)

(fipovqa-Ls, apeTYj, evvoia: but there ewoia = the supposed good-will

of the speaker towards the hearers. The evvoLas Swa/xts of Isokr.

is the whole t/îkt) TriaTts of Arist.,—^that persuasiveness which de-

pends on the character of the speaker as conceived by the hearer.

§ 280. Ta eiKOTa—ra. TeK[M7]pia—ttuv to Trtoreojv etSos] ' that

probabilities (elKOTo), proofs (TCK/ATy'pta), and the rhetorical instru-

ments of persuasion generally (ttciv to TrtcrTewv eTSos), are valid only



pp. 86—88] AZOTES. 257

for that particular occasion to which they may severally be ap-

plied ',—whereas a good reputation creates in every case a

presumption that its possessor is acting rightly.—ei/cdra. The

topic of etKos, general probability, had been prominent in the

early re'^vat, as those of Korax and Tisias : see ^///r Orators, i.

cxxi. Arist. defines the enthymeme, or rhetorical syllogism, as a

o-vXXoytCT/xos €^ €i«oTtuj' KOL arjjxetwv—i.e. drawn (i) from (mere)

general likelihoods : (2) from particular signs which may, or may

not, be conclusive. TeKfxijpia here = merely 'sure signs', as opp.

to ' probabilities ' : not, in Arist. 's technical sense, the demonstra-

tive as dist. from the fallible (rrjjxdov : cp. Antiph. Z>e Caed. Her.

§ 81, note, p. 164. TTaj/ TO Ttoi/ ivi<JT. eibos = at Tri'crTeis yeviKcos. Arist.

distinguishes TTto-Tts (i) Aoyi/o/, (2) -qOiK-r], (3) -n-aOrjTLK-r] : here Isokr.

means (i), and perhaps (3), but treats (2) as something of a

different and higher order.

§281. 6 Svo-êpeWarov rjv r<2v pr]6.] 'the most invidious,

as I felt, of the terms which I used ' : r/v, 7ci(7s, as I felt and

hinted at the time, referring to § 275, where TrXeove^ta is named

with an apologetic explanation that it is not employed in its

common sense. Plat. JêJ>. 5 2 2 A, -^v -q p.ovcnKrj avTio-rpoôs 717?

yvfivacrTiK7J<;, el /xe/xvrycrai. Goodwin § II. 6.

TrapaAoytô/xeVovs] ' making a false reckoning ', cheating in bills

or accounts, (not ' reasoning falsely ') : cp. Dem. Adv. Aphob. i.

§29, apa fJLLKpov Tt KOL ef aâvovs iroOev /cat TrapaXoyiaaadaL paStov,

a\X ov eâvepws ovtwctl fxiKpov bet rpta raXavTa ravra avrjpTraKacTLV.

fxaWov eXaTTovvTai] ' are at a greater disadvantage ' : cp. eXacr-

(Tw6iL?, Antiph. £>e Caed. Her. § 19, note, p. 162.

§ 282. KoX vvv TrXeov eêiv] 'are not only more fortunate now

[in this mortal life], but will receive the better portion from the

gods '.

§283. Kot rats aXr^êtats] = TOts cpyoi?, 'not only are the 88

realities of the case thus '.

Philemon /rag. 40, rats dXriOeiaicnv.

The tendency to use the plurals of abstract nouns, common in

later Greek, is marked in Isokr. Cp. § 284, rats KaKOTjêtais : § 288,

rats tiK/xats : § 292, ras e7rt/xeA.etas : § 300, ras TriKpoTijTa? : see esp.

Areop. § 44, p. 113.

ovSe Tots ovofxaaLv] ' some people do not even emjjloy the

names of things in their natural sense', (much less distinguish

between the things themselves). Thuc. in. 82 (of the moral con-




fusion arising from the passions of party strife), t-)]v dwOvlav diLuxnv

Twv ovofjiOiTow €? TO. ipjo. a.vTi]XXa$av ttj StKatcoaei.

§284. ftw[xo\Qx-—evcûeis] ' buffoons, who can mock and

mimic, are said to have "wit",—a description which should be

reserved for those whose wit is most happily bent towards virtue'.

By some such turn as this we may express the paronomasia

in eu^Dci?—apio-ra Trec^DKora?. Cp. Adv. Sophist. § 1 4, p. 83, where

the intellectual sense of ei'û*/'? is uppermost.

Tais KaKorjOetai';, k.t.A.] 'who practise malignity and villainy in

all their forms' [the plur. as in § 283], 'who make petty gains, but

acquire an evil repute ' [if nothing else] : cp. Ad?'. Sophist. § 4,

p. 80, fJLLKpOV KepSoVS, § 9, rfj fXlKpOTrjTL TWV [XLaOoiV.

§ 2S5. TeparoXoyia?] ' who give the name of philosophers to

those who neglect necessary things and affect the marvellous lore

of the old sophists ' : a reference, probably to the Sokratics, and

especially to the Platonic dialogues. TeparoXoyia, k.t.X., possibly

alludes more particularly to the traces of Pythagoreanism and to

the cosmogonic speculations in Plato.

Tovs vewrepoi;?] Cp. Panath. § 29, tovs StaXoyovs tovs kpi(niKov<i

KaXovfJiivov;, ots 01 fjcev vewrepoi fiaXXov âipovcrt toi) Seovros, rtuv

Se Trpicrl^vTepiov oi^Sets ecrrtv ocrrts uv aveKTOvs avrovi i.ivat ^rycretev,

and jwte on Adv. Soph. § i, p. 246.

89 § 287. 'EvveuKpoi'vou] Thuc. II. I5> KoXT"li

Kp7]vr] Trj vvv [xlv

Twv Tvpdvvwv [Peisistratos, Paus. I. 14. i] ourco a-KevaadvTOiv

'EvveaKpouvd) KaXovixivYj, to 8e TraXaL (jjavepiZv toji/ Trrjywv ovaiov [when

the natural springs, ir-qyai opp. to Kpyjvrj, sprang directly from the

rock] KaXXippoTj uivoixaafievr], eKctvot re [the old Athenians] iyyv'i

ovar] rd TrXetcrTou aîa i^pwvTO, koL vvv ert aTro tov apâiov irpo re

yaixiKiZv KOL es aXAa twv lepiov vojxiêTat t<Z vbari ^^prjaOai.

o-Kipa<^€i'ois] 'gambling-houses'. Stephanus Byz. p. 607, to

crKLpa(f)€Lov.f.hr]XoL tov tottov eis bu 01 Kv/Sevrai avviacn' Kat o CTKipa-

(f)povpo^ CTr/juatvei tov aKo'AacrTov Kvfêvrrjv. Pollux VII. 203 quotes

(TKipd(jna and TOV cFKipaêvrrjv from the Ki)/3ei;Tat of Amphis. The

Etym. Magn., p. 717. 28, has oKctpaîa, Tct Kv/Stia: and notices

three derivations,—from o-Kctpaô?, an opyavov kv^^vtlkov (dice-

box ?)—SKtpacôs, a gambler—and ^Kipas 'AOrjvd, in whose temple

(at ^Kipov, ne'ar Athens) iKvêvovTo. Harpokrat. 2Ktpa<^ta...£/\£yov

ra Kv(3evTt]pLa, iTreiSrj Surpi/Sov iu SKtpw ot Kvêi'ovTt?, ws 0eo7ro/x,7ros

(the historian) iv rfj TnvTijKocrTrj vTroarjpLauei. Meineke Prag. Com.



'

pp. 88—90] AZOTES. 259

484, Miiller J^ra". Hist. i. 322.—Cp. Lys. Pro Mantith. § 11, oVot

Trept Kvf3ov^ ^ TTorous, k.t.A., ;/^/^, p. 196.

Ti7s T/zViKtas rau'r?;?]

'

those who profess to care for persons ofthis age'- i.e. twv viwv—alluding, not to official TratSoi'o/xoi, but to

those who dissuade young men from following the cjaXoaocfiLa of

Isokr.

oU aîov rjv . . .xa-pf-v ex^'^] 'who might well have been grateful':

rjv likexPV'^î

^'^"' Goodwin § 49. 3.

§ 288. hv(TfjLev\^ . . .avTu>v\ 'The tribe of informers are so dis-

tinctly the public enemies' [i.e. so hostile to public morality] 'that,

so far from being disposed to censure those who pay a ransom of

20 or 30 minas for the paramours who are to help them in squan-

dering the rest of their substance, they positively rejoice in the

dissolute acts of such men'. At;o/a€Vois : i.e. they ransom SoSAat

from those into whose hands they had come as prisoners of war.

Cp. Antiph. De Caed. Her. § 20, p. 10, to. re dpSpdiroSa d ISei auroi'

UTToXvaai, KaL ot ®paK€§ ol Xvao/xevoi.

T. Tttis uK/xat?] 'that youthful prime' : for plur., cp. § 283, rat?

dXrjOeiaLS, note.

§289. €/< TratSojv] 'from boyhood'. Dem. /;/ Mid. % 154,

Kayw \tXv Kar eKecvovs rovs xpovovs irpirjpdpxovv ev6v<i €K TratSoji/

i$eX6wv. Properly said of one who is e'07;/3os (det. 17— 20) but not

yet technically dvrjp.

§290. TrpoecTTuJTa] 'who duly and meetly watches over his

own youth'. Contrast i/<:7<;7/. £//e. § 58, p. 78, KaKws fiovXevaa-

juei'ows Tvepl tj/s avrwv rjXiKia';. Cp. Eur. And)'0})l. 2 20, yj^Lpov

dp(T€V(ov vocrou|TavTrjv voaovpiev, aAA.a Trpovorij/xev KaAcSs :

' we have

this weakness more than men, but ever ru/e it well ' : lit. ' ad-

minister ', /. e. control it.

^ TWV avTov] neut., 'his property': but erepwu masc, 'other

men '. For the thought that i-c'/Z^government {lyKpaTeia., perfected

in ao}(jipo(jvvi]) should precede the attempt to rule others, cp. Plat.

Gorg. p. 491.

§ 291. (D<;...av/x(3e(3rjK6To<;] ' on the ground that they have been 90

endowed with a good and noble gift' : avp-fS., as an 'accident' of

genius, opp. to the skill gained by pieXeTr) and ^'.Xoirovia.

§292. cru^êpct] ' It is expedient in all cases, and especially

in the case of oratory, that credit should be won by the efforts of

study rather than by the gifts of fortune '.



2Go SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

oTTws av TvxôxTLv, K.T.X.] sc. ;)(poj/>teiôi : 'use their eloquence at

random : while those who have acquired this faculty by study and

reflection say nothing without consideration, and so commit fewer

errors in practical affairs': i.e. the discretion trained by study

will be carried into Trpaffis, real life. Cp. § 277.

§ 293. Ka'XA.. TToXiTeveaOe, k.t.X.] ' nor because you have the best

constitution, and are most conservative of the laws bequeathed to

you by your ancestors ' :—implying that all this is true of Athens,

though not its distinctive glory. Isokr. thought, however, that the

Athens of his day had departed too much from the lines of the old

Democracy: ^&Q.Areopagitikos, §§ 36—55, p. 1 1 i,with notes^ pp. 3oof

§294. T^v ^pov?ycrti/...Toi)s Xoyovs] 'by unequalled excellence

of training in the twofold province of thought and of expression '.

^poviyais, as dist. from military and political ability, means here

the general cultivation of the intelligence by literature and art.

TT^ TratSeta rauTTj] = ti^v Tiuv Aoycui/ TrutSet'ai/ (§ 168), 'this disci-

pline' of thought and expression.- avfitfiupa, in the forensic sense,

of an adverse verdict. Cp. Andok. De Myst. § 86, ewpwêv on

TToXXois Twv TToXtroJV €i(.v avjXijiopaL (penal disabilities), rots /u-ev Kara

vofjiov;, Tois 8e Ka7a i//7/(^to-/y.aTa. Dem. /u Mid. §17, aorpaTttas

caXw Kat Ke^pTjrat cru/x(ôpa.

91 §295- yeyevr/crâi] ' to be established' as the teacher: em-

phatic perf. Thuc. 11. 41, Xe'yw rr/v Trdaav ttoXlv 'EXXaSos TratSev-

trtv etvat.

aOXa. . .yvixvaa-ta. . .ifjLTreipiav] Athens offers to the Students of

oratory (i) the greatest prizes,—/.^, political power or literary

fame : (2)' the most numerous and most various fields of exercise',

yvfjivdcna—viz. the law-courts, the ekklesia, the public recitations

:

(3) experience, ifXTrcipia,—the resn/^ of using these opportunities.

Trept Ttt^ TOiar'Tas] We cannot supply 8wa/>tets from 8wa/xiv,

and must read either irepl ras TOLavTa<; Siarpiâs or nepl ra Toiavra.

§ 296. Kttt TTJv rrys (}i(ovr]<;, k.t.X.] ' Further, men deem that

the wide currency (KotvoTrjTo) and standard character (/AtTpidrT/ra)

of the Attic idiom, no less than a general flexibility of mind

and love of literature, contribute not a little to the formation

of an orator ; and hence they conceive, not without reason, that

all masters of eloquence are pupils of Athens '. /xeTpLOT-qTa

:

because the Attic dialect—afterwards the basis of the Koini] &.a-



pp. 90—92] NOTES. 261

AcKTos—represents a temperate compromise between tlie Ionic

and the Doric,—clastic without too much softness, precipe and

vigorous without harshness. cvTpaTreXlav : cp. Thuc. 11. 41 (of

the typical Athenian), etti TrXeto-r dv elStj Kal ixerd âpLTotv jxakurT

av iVTpaireXti'S to crco/xa avTapKa irapi-î.irOaL. Here, iVTpairf.Xia

= 'flexibihty of inteUigence': not exactly 'versatility', as with

Thuc, nor yet 'liveliness', 'wit', as with Aristotle {Ef//. N. 11. 7

§ 13)-

§ 29S. ovhlv yap dW r/.. a^ôtei'] 'for you will have virtually

pronounced yourselves as unjust as the Lacedaemonians would

be, and will have acted as they would act,. if they were to think

of fining those who practised warlike exercises, or the Thessalians,

if they proposed to punish those v.-ho cultivated skill in horseman-

ship'. T-qv ToiavTrjv and ufxoLov are both to be connected with

uyairep av (sc. eavTiov KaTe^rj<î(7jx-ivoi. ci-qa-av).—Aa/ceSat/î. : cp. Arist.

Poht. v[vin] IV. § 4, en 8' avTOV'i tows Aa/cwvas 1(t^€v, ews ixlv

o.vTOL Trpoa-ijopevov rais </)tAo7rovtat?, vTrepiôvTaitKots aywcrt AetTrojueVoT;? Ttov aAAwv ov

yap Tw Tous veovs yu/xva'êiv tovtov rov rpoTTOv Suc})fpov, dXXd tcu

fiovov fXT) Trpos da-KovvTa<; dcTKeiv \i.c. because they studied these

things, while their competitors did not].—©erraAot :' Breeding the

finest horses in Greece, they were distinguished for their excel-

lence as cavalry; but their infantry is little noticed' (Grote, ir.

37°)-

uTrep uiv\ = TTcpt div : cp. vTv\p aT^Twi/, Adv. Sophist. % 2, tiotc, p. 246.

§ 299. TTo'Atv—(XCTTu] Cp. § 296, rrys TroAews, Kar iô^^r'jv for

Athens : Lys. In Agar. § 46, coo-re ix7]8ku Staêpeiv t?;? (.Xa)(icrTq<i

TToAews tt}v TToAtv. d(TTv : Athenians spoke of Athens as darv

(without the art.), 'town': cp. Philochoros /r<?<;. 4 {Frag. Hist.

I. 384), d<jTv 8e TTpoa-rjyopevaav Trjv ttoXlv, where he derives it from

aTrjvai, as the place where wanderers (vo/xaSes) ' fixed their abode '.

dcTTv, for pacrru, is the Sanskr. 7dstu, place, house (Curt. Gr. Et.

§ 206), the local habitation of the ttoAis or civic society. tto'Ais is

akin to Sanskr. ///;- (Cawn/(?;r), from root par (vreA, TrAe), denoting

fulness (whence also 7roXv%) : hence (i) a throng : (2) a town.

§ 300. hid Tyj<; It. w/xot.] ' than receive benefits through the 92rude hands of others'. The meaning is not that the mercies

of others are cruel, but that their way of doing good is harsh.

The fiattcrers of Athens alluded, of course, to Spartan manners.

J.it;




01 Se ravra. . . .Ka^yyôp?)^ ' Others [= oi Suo-KoAcug Trpos u'/xds lyav-n.^^

§ 299, opp. to 01 jueV, ib?^ disparage these merits, and, recountingthe malignities and disasters of the slander-mongers, denounce

Athens at large as unsocial and cruel' : i.e. they quote the bitter

things which the avKo<fidvTat say of Athenian life, and then point

to the penalties which these calumniators sometimes incur,—in-

ferring that Athens is savage, because such men are punished.

§ 301. TrepiTToiowTes] 'surrounding the name of Athens with

infamy' (not iripmoiovit.evoi, 'winning' disgrace for her). Cp. Plat.

Apol. 35 A, a.\(T^vr]v Ty TToAet TrepiaTrretv.

o-reâvtrais] A wreath of wild olive at Olympia; of laurel

at Delphi ; of pine at Nemea ; of parsley at the Isthmus. Cp.

Plut. Praec. Ger. Reip. xxvii. 820 c (simple rewards, of an hono-

rary, not a substantial kind, ought to suffice in a Republic), uJo-jrep

ovK dpyvpLTrjv ovhe SwpiT'qv dyuiva TroXtreta? aywi/iô/xeVots, dWd lepov

ojsd\7]6oj<s KOI (TT€<}iavLTr]v, '

seeingthat the

competition ofpolitical

life is not for money or gifts, but in truth a sacred contest, of

which the prize is a wreath' (as in the great national aywves of

Greece).

§ 302. TTpoiTeveiv irpoKpu'.] ' would place US in the first rank'.

For the pleonasm, cp. Xen. Cvr. 11. 3. 8, tolto npoKenpiTai elmi

êXricrTov.

VI. nANHrYPIKOX [Or. iv.]—The title means, 'A Discourse

for a PubHc Festival': in this case, for the Olympic festival of 380

B.C. The duty of Hellenic unity against the barbarian had already

been the theme of Gorgias and of Lysias in speeches delivered

at Olympia. It is not likely that, like theirs, the oration of Iso-

krates was recited at the festival by its author. His want of nerve

and voicf, and much in the composition itself, would probably

have deterred him from such an attempt. The discourse may,

indeed, have been recited for him ; but it is more likely that

it was first introduced to the Greek public by copies circulated

at Olympia, and sent to cities in which Isokrates had friends

among the leading men.

His appeal to Panhellenic patriotism was made at a time

when such patriotism was sorely needed. By the Peace of An-

talkidas in 387 B.C. Artaxerxes II. had become master of the1

Asiatic Greeks, and ultimate arbiter in the affairs of western



p. 92] NOTES. 263

Hellas ; the Aegean, no longer protected by an Athenian fleet,

was infested by pirates ; the party strife which the dekarchies had

exasperated was everywhere filling the smaller cities with blood-

shed ; and Sparta, regardless of the autonomy which the Peace

had guaranteed to every state, was using these troubles for her

own ends. In 385 B.C. the Spartans had destroyed Mantineia;

in 383, besieged Olynthos ; in 382, seized the Kadmeia ; in 380,

besieged Phlius.

The Paiiegyrikos falls into two main divisions. In the first

(§§ I—132) Isokrates urges that Athens and Sparta, laying aside

their jealousies, should assume the joint leadership of Greece.

He argues that, if Sparta at present holds the first place, Athens

has the better historical claim to it ; and that, therefore, a com-

promise might well be made. In the second part (§§ 133 — 189)

he shows the direction in which the forces of Greece, once con-

solidated, ought to be turned—namely against Persia.

The Paiiegyrikos is the earliest and the most complete expres-sion of its author's ruling political idea—the idea of a Panhellenic

War on Persia. This, he believed, would heal Greek discord,

liberate the Asiatic Greeks, draft the roving and lawless paupers

who infested Greece into new Asiatic settlements, and bring

wealth into Greece Proper. (See the Life of Isokr., Attic Orators,

II. 20 f.) The tradition that Isokr. spent ten or more years on

this discourse {Quint, x. 4: Plut. Alor. 350 e) shows the ancient

feeling that it was a masterpiece of careful work. It is, indeed,

admirable alike for finished brilliancy of composition and for the

lucid power with which a wide range of topics and a multitude

of details are marshalled in subordination to the central thought.

Motives for an Invasion of Persia : §§ 160—186.

§ 160. <ooT€ /;ioi So/cet] The general and permanent causes of

Persian weakness have just been stated : viz. that the country

cannot have good soldiers while the mass of the people is an

unruly, nerveless and slavish mob, or good generals, while the Per-

sians of the upper classes are insolent and abject by turns, with

pampered bodies and craven spirits. He now goes on to urge

that the present moment is peculiarly favourable for an attack

by the united forces of Greece.

18—2




o 7rapu)v Kaipos, ov ovk dtfieT€ov] So Bekker, Baiter and Sauppe

with the first hand of the Urbino ms. (F). Between Katpo's and ov

OVK dcfjeTeov the Ambrosian ms. (E) and the corrector's hand in the

margin of T insert ov traêo-Tepov ovîu, i. c.' than which nothing

could be a clearer summons'. Cp. Dem. Olynth. i. § 2, o /xev

ovv Trapwv Kaip6<i, o) arSpes 'A^., p.6vov ov-^t. Xeyei (})wri)u a^tcts ort

Twv TTpay/jLaTiov vfjuv o.VTiXrjTTTeov itrTtv.

T6 yap av kol (3ov\7]6e'ip.€i'~\ ' What further advantage couM we

desire in prospect of a war with Persia, beyond those which are

already assured to us?'

§ 161. AtyuTTTos Kvirpoi\ (i) This revolt of Egypt is not

known from other sources, but is noticed again in the Fhilippos,

% 1 01. From Panegyr. § 140 it appears that Egypt had held out

for three years against three of the best Persian generals, and had

finally discomfited them. (2) The war between Persia and Eva-

goras, king of the Cyprian Salamis, seems to have begun in

3S5 B.C., and to have lasted ten years: at this time a Persian

fleet was blockading Salamis, § 134. See Attic Orators, 11. 158

and notes.

93 ôLVLKY]—Svpt'a Tvpos] Evagoras had ' ravaged Phoenicia,

stormed Tyre, made Cilicia revolt from the Persian king': Isokr.

£vag. (or. ix.) § 62.

AvKi'as] ' Of Lykia no Persian has ever become master'. Lykia

had been tributary to Persia (Her. iii. 90) from the time of its

conquest by Harpagos, the general of Cyrus : but the warlike

dwellers in the Lykian highlands had not been thoroughly tamed.

iKptxTTjo-e, then, = ' subjugated' as dist. from rjp^^ '(nominally)

reigned over'. Cp. Her. 11. i (Kambyses goes against Egypt)

uA/Vous re likipaXafSi^v Tt2v rjpê (his Asiatic subjects) KOL Srj Kol

'EXXijvMv T<Zv iTTCKpdree, ' over whom he had the mastery'.

§ 162. 'EKaTojjLvwil Hekatomnos, Greek prince of Karia,

had been appointed admiral of the Persian fleet at the beginning

of the war with Evagoras, but had afterwards become disaffected,

and had secretly supplied Evagoras with money : Diod. xiv. 98.

•—eVt'crrtt^yuos : prop. ' quartcr-master ', as supervising araOfJioi,

stations or quarters : a term for the military governors (properly

subordinate to the a-aTpdirat) in the Persian provinces : so Panegyr.

>^ 120 the Persian king dictates to Greece, \x.6vov ovk iTno-rddp.ovi



pp. 92, 93] NOTES. 265

Iv rats TToXccrt KaOicnds. A Greek prince tributary to Persia was

esp. Swdcrrrji;.

Trjv 'Aaiav TrapoLKovcriv, k.t.X.] ' from Knidos [in Karia, at

the s. w. corner of Asia Minor] to Sinope [on the Euxine]

Greek settlements fringe the coast of Asia' (rrys 'Acrtas Tr}i/ Trapa-

A.tai', £J>. IX. § 8). TTapd in the compound here with accus. =

'along': but irapoiKeiv tlo-lv, to live near or among, Thuc. i. 71,

III. 93.

ov% ov Sei, K.T.X.] 'and these we need not incite to war,-—wehave only not to restrain them ' (and they will go to war of their

own accord).

op/xTjTr/ptcov] ' Now, when such bases of operation have been

established, and when Asia is encompassed by hostile forces so

great, why need we examine the probable issues in minute detail ?

When they [the Persians] are unable to cope with small fractions

of our strength, it is plain

whattheir situation

would be,if

theywere forced to grapple with the whole'. opixrjrrjpLwv : i.e. Egypt,

Cyprus, Tyre, Cilicia, and the Greek cities of the coast,—viewed

as so many points from which the assailants of Persia will set out

{o6cv opp-Tqa-ovrai) : Polyb. I. 17, e.U TavTr]v (rrjv tvoXiv) a-vvrjOpoicrav

...Tus Suia'/xet?, opp.r]Tr]piu) (headquarters) Kptvovres XP^crôtt Tavrr] Trj

§163.eppw/xeveo-repws]

'more vigorously'. Isokr. prefers this

form: but cp. (e.g.) ippoyixevia-Tepov, Antid. § 72, ArcJiid. § loi :

aa(fi€aT€pov, Adv. Sop/iisL § 16 : aKptfêa-Tepov, A7ttid. § 279.

avTOLS, K.r.A.] ' But if we are the first to occupy them [the

cities on the coast], it is likely that the populations of Lydia,

Phrygia and the upper [interior] country generally will be at the

mercy of those who hold these bases of attack ' : IvjivBev = Ik

Twi/ liri OaXcLTTrj TTO/Vewr.

§ 164. -ucTTeptcravTes] Referring to the subjugation by Persia

of the Greek cities on the Ionian seaboard (500—495 e.g.). The

Greeks of Greece Proper (01 irarepes rjixwv, Spartans as well

as Athenians) having ' allowed the barbarians to get the start of

them', and 'abandoned' the lonians to their fate, were afterwards

forced to fight, without Asiatic allies, against the whole strength of

Persia. Had they gone to Asia soon enough, they might havevanquished in succession {Iv îpu) each of the nations that made




up the Persian host.— e'î'wv : Her. vii. 6i f. enumerates 46 nations

or tribes as represented in the land-force of Xerxes.

§ 165. SeSeiKTai] 'It has been proved' (by experience) : cp.

Archill. § 4, €1 fjilv yap Tjv SeSety/xeVov, (StTTe tous ju.€V irpeafSyTepov;

irept (iTrdvTtov eiSeVat to peXTLarov, k,t.X.

eTTtoTwo-iv] 'they have come upon us': cp. Hen iv. 203, tVei

eVi ttJ KvprjvaLiov ttoAi eTreVrijcrav, when the Persian army suddenly

appeared before Cyrene : Isokr. Evag. § 58, [XLKpov Seti/ iXaOev

avTov i-n-l to âcrtXetov cTrio-Ta's, before Artaxerxes was aware, Cyrus

was almost at his palace gates.

94 7rpoefa/xapTo'i'T€s...eVr7vtop5ojo-arTo] 'Our fathers, after making

an error in the first instance ' [by failing to support the lonians in

their revolt], ' retrieved all these faults when they were confronted

with the most urgent perils ' [in the Persian invasions].

§ 166. £Kao-T(uv, K.T.A.] 'The Persian king does not rule the

peoples of Asia by their consent [ckoVtwi/, predicate], but by sur-

rounding himself [Troiiô-a'/xevos, causal] with a power which over-

matches those peoples taken singly ' [eKao-Twv] : if they umfe,

and are helped from Greece, they will prevail. PovXrjOtvrc'i — d

(iovXrjOiiixtv, Goodwin § 109.

§ 167. eVt T77S vvv TÂtKias] ' in the present generation ' : strictly,

in the time of the men who are now capable of active service. In

Antid. § 290, etc., tt7s 7JA.tKtas = ' youth', but it is the context which

so defines it : here it has the military sense, o\ kv riXiKia. (Thuc.

viii. 75) being opposed to a^pCioi.-—twv avfKpopwv. Men who at

this time (380 B.C.) were 40 years old would have known the

closing years of the Peloponnesian War, the troubles bred by the

Spartan SeKapîai, the Corinthian War, and, generally, that wide-

spread distr^s and disorder of which Isokr. speaks below (§ 168 f.).

See Affi'c Orators, 11. 17.

TToXeixovs KOL o-racreis] ^^'ith this picture cp. the follow-

ing, abridged from Isokr. E/>isf. ix. §§ 8—10 (date, about

356 B.C.): 'It is strange that no powerful statesman or speaker

has yet taken pity on the miserable condition of Hellas. Every

part of it is full of war, factions, massacres, woes unnumbered.

Most wretched of all are those Greeks on the seaboard of Asia

whom by the treaty [of Antalkidas, 387 B.C.] we gave over, not

merely to barbarians, but to those of our own race who are barba-



PP- 93—95] NOTES. 267

rian in all save speech. These roving desperadoes, under any

chance leader, form armies larger and better than those of the

settled communities ; armies which do trifling damage to Persia,

but bring desolation to the Greek cities which they visit : they

slay, they banish, they violate, they plunder'.—See Attic Orators,

II. 244.

§ 168. IrriKovpfiv] 'to serve as mercenaries': Thuc. 11. 2>3,

iiTiKovpovi Ttias irpocrefjiLa-OwcraTo—like t^voi, an honourable name

for /xicrOocjiopoL.

o-vyKci/xeVats] 'composed', 'invented' by the [tragic] poets.

In pure Attic of the classical time Ktijuai is the perf. passive of

Tc6r]fii, TidetpLai is the perf. middle : e.g. a father TiOuTai ovojxa iratOL,

but TraiSi K€tTai ovo/xa : Shilleto ad Thuc. i. 37, who quotes as an

exception, belonging to the early decadence, Menand. /rag. 65, t<3

p-lv TO crwyua StaTeêi/AeVw KaKws (= otaKti/xei/o)).

icjinp(2vTes] Not, I think, merely 'gazing upon', but 'seeing

in their own lifetime ', or ' with their own eyes ' (and not merely

in legends from the past) ; cp. Xen. Cyr. viii. 7. 7, tou? <^tAous

cTTciSov St' ifxov cuSai/Aovas yci/o/xeVous, ' lived to see their friends

made prosperous'. So //. xxii. 61, KaKct ttoW imSovTa, vld<; t

oWvp-euovi, K.T.X. : and other passages quoted by Dr Thompson

on Plato Gorg. 473 C, airo's re X(DJ3r]6i.l<i Kol ToiJS avTov eVtSiov

TratSas (\(i)f3y](j€VTa<;).

§ 169. evrjGeia'i] 'simplicity'. dvSpwv, individuals as opp. to

whole countries.

'IraAta—StKeXta] /ta/j. In 389—387 B.C. Dionysios I. had 95

reduced successively Kaulon, Hipponium and Rhegium in Magna

Graecia: Diod. xiv. 106 ff. Sicily. He had surrendered Akra-

gas, Himera, Selinos etc. to Carthage, and had brought other

towns—as Naxos, Leontini, Alessene—under his own power

:

Diod. XIII. 114.

e/<8e8oi/Tai] ' have been abandoned ' [not ' restored ' to a lawful

possessor, the sense of cK-StSw/xt in //. in. 459]—by the Peace of

Antalkidas : below, § 175. to. Xonvd fxep-q : Greece Proper as opp.

to (i) Sicily and Magna Graecia, (2) Asiatic Hellas.

§ 170. Tcov SwacTTeuoVrwv] 'the leading statesmen ',= ot -rrpo-

carwres t/'/xwi/, § 172. With the same meaning he says in Epist. ix.

5^ 8, 6avp.d'C,w 8e Kat twv dWwv twv TrpaTTttv ^ Ae'yeiv Svpajxivwr.




ciTrctv. ..IvBvfxriOyjvai] ' to expound or [even] to devise' a remedy :

Thuc. VIII. 68 (of Antiphon) KpdTicrTo<; lv6vu.y}9?ivai...Ka.\ a yvoLrj

direiv, a master of device and of expression.

iXP'rjv...a.iioL] An iambic trimeter. In this and other cases

where an accidental verse occurs in prose, it may usually be

noticed that the rhythm or division of clauses imposed by the

sc/isc would have prevented the metre from being perceived in

speaking: thus, here, there is a pause at atTou's, and the words

£1776/3 ricrav aîoLrf]'; rrapovcrrj';, k.t.X.,

cohere closely. So in Dem.0Iy7ith. I. § 5

(quoted by Sandys), Zrikov yap Io-tl tois 'OXwOlols, otl

K.T.X., the metrical effl'ci is destroyed by the coherence of on with

the followina; words.

darjyeLcrOaL koL a-u/xôrXeu'etv] ' to introduce and discuss [not

necessarily ' advocate ', though Isokr. implies this] the project of

the war with Persia': ' //ic war', because the project had long

been familiar to the Greeks:

thus Agesilaos had entertained it,

Isokr. F/ii/iJ>p. § 85.

Tvôv fjilv yap, k.t.X.] ' Perchance they would have achieved

something ; but even if they had been baffled, still the counsels

bequeathed by them would have been as oracles for the future '.

—Tvxpv ace. abs., Goodwin § no. 2.—TrpoaTreiTrov, 'give up',

from weariness or disgust, />c/ore they had carried their point

cp. Antid. § 274, 'qyovjxai (avTOv?) irporepov (XTrepeiv Kal TravaeaOai

XyjpovvTas, Trplv evpeOyvai, k.t.X.— XPWI^^^^'- SO Sokr. tO his judges,

Plat. ApOl. 39 C, ETTLOvflQ VfJUV ^^plJCr^wSj/O-ai, K.T.X.

§ 171. Tots Ttui/ TToXiT. cêo-TTjKccTi] ' who Stand apart from

public life '. With a similar reference to his own abstention from

political life (owing to want of (j^wrrj and roA/xa), he says, Adv.

Sop/us^. § 14, TToAXoi fxev T(2v <l>LXo(Jo^rj(ja.vT(i>v iStwrat SteTeXecrav

wre?, where see note, p. 250.

§ 172. ov fXTJv aXX' ..€;^^pas] ov jxrjv [Set CTtcuTray] aXXa...Ser

uKoiruv: 'At the same time [i.e. discouraging as is this apathy

on the part of the statespien, and little as tStwrat may seem

entitled to speak] the rest of us are bound to consider', etc.

eppwju,cveoT€/)a>s, § 163.— e'x^pas,' discord ' among Greeks.

Tcts TTcpl Tjys £(pr;i7js crt'i'^.] ' As things arc, it is in \ ain that we



pp. 95. 9^] NOTES. 269

make treaties of peace' : not t/ie treaty : cp. Lys. In Erat. § 97,

note on Tov OdvaTov, p. 209.

§ 173. ayay€tv...d/i.oi'o-^(Ta(,] Not dyeiv, d/xoroeiv, because the

speaker is thinking of the viomait from which such a peace is to

date, and at which such a concord is to be established : the pres.

would have expressed merely the continuance of the conditions.

' It is impossible that we should cement an enduring peace, or

that concord should be established among the Greeks'. Ik rtuf

aurtuv, masc, twv (3apf3dpu)v.

§ 174. 7] Koi ras c7atp....7rpoay€t] 'which dissolves friendships 96

[cp. eraiptas Xt/xT^V, Soph. Ai. 683] and draws kinsmen on to

quarrels'. Trpoayctv of leading onward in an evil path ; cp. Theogn.

396, 7r€VL7]v, (just as here, diruoia,) r] T dv^pwv Trpoayet OvfJ-ov es

dfnrXaKLrjv [where Trapdyet is a doubtful V. 1.] : Dem. I/i Androt.

§ 78, £is TOVTO irpotjxÔTjT €vr]6ita<; kol pa^VjUia?.

Tov eVêVSe 7roXe/tov...Sioptov/xev] 'transfer the war from Greece

to Asia': Plat. Laws 873 e, to S' o^Xov [vulg. o(^\ov\ eiw twi/

opwv T17S xcupas aTTOKTCivavTas Siopicrat, ' the animal which is ad-

judged guilty (of causing death) they shall slay and east beyond

the borders' : Eur. Helen. 394, a-rpdrevixa Kw-n-rj Siopiaai, 'to carry a

host from its own land in ships ', = TropOfievaaL or SiaTrepatwaaL.

Twv KtvSwcijv Twi/ TT-pos Tjjj.d'i avTovs] ' tlic ordcals of intestine

warfare'

(between Greekcities).

Karaxprja-aaOai] ' to utilise them ' : Kara meaning here, not

' wastefully, perversely ' (abuti), but ' to the full ' (cp. ' to use ///')

:

so Panegyr. § 9, to 8' Iv Kaipio rauVats [se. rats TTpdêcnv, these

historical examples] KaTai^pr;o-ao-/9at...Toji/ ew c})povovi'T(iiV tStov iaTiv.

§ 175. aXXa ya'p, k.t.A,.] 'But perhaps it will be said that

the Convention [of Antalkidas] is a reason for pausing, instead of

making haste and accelerating the expedition '.

For aXA.' ovk

(diiov icTTLv), instead of fji-j, cp. Lys. Fro Afantith. § 18, KaiToi XPV---

o-KOTreiv, dW ovk, el Tts To\p.a, . ..

fjnaelv. The terms of the Peace of

Antalkidas (387 B.C.) were as follows (Xen. Hellen. v. i. 31):

*King Artaxerxes thinks it just that the cities in Asia, and the

islands of Klazomenae and Cyprus, shall belong to him. He

thinks it just also to leave all the other Hellenic cities autono-

mous, both small and great—except Lemnos, Imbros and Skyros,

which are to belong to Athens, as they did originally. Should




any parties refuse to accept this peace, I will make war upon

them,along with those who are of the same mind, by land as well

as sea, with ships and with money'. Grote ix. 534.

7^Xei;êpw/x€Vat...eK86Soyu,eVat] The liberated cities are those in

Greece Proper, or belonging to the Aegean coasts and islands,

which Athens or Sparta might otherwise have claimed as tribu-

taries : those abajidoncd to the barbarians are the Hellenic cities

of the Asiatic seaboard, with Klazomenae and Cyprus.

§ 176. o oe 7rui'rwi/...€aTtV] 'Most absurd of all, those stipu-

lations of the Treaty which we actually observe are the very

worst. The articles which grant independence to the islands

and the Greek cities of Europe have long ago been violated,

and are dead letters in the record', twv yeypafj.fxevwv: cp. Andok.

£>e Pace§ 35, ypaft/xara ra yeypa/x/xeVa, the letter of the terms

(of peace): ib. § 34 o-r/yAat o-ra^rycrovrat, 7Wte^ p. 184. XiXvraL

:

meaning that Sparta had been levying tribute on the Aegeanislands (toOs vrjaiwra? Sacr/xoXoyciv, § 1 3 2), and helping Amyntas 11.

of Macedon against Olynthos, besides devastating Mantineia,

besieging Phlius, and seizing the Theban Kadmeia (§ 126).—For

the COnstr., o Se irdvroiv \sc. ecTTi] KaraycAacTTOTaTov [toCt' ccttu'], ort,

cp. Plat. Apol. 18 C, o 8e Travrwi/ aA-oyturarov, on ovh\ ra ovofxara

oloi' T£ avTiZv ctSerai. So Isokr. Paiiegyr. § 128, o 8e Trarrwv Setio-

Tarov, orav (cp. Sandys ad loc.) : Flataik. § 45, o 8e Trdvrwv Seu'd-

TttTOV, €1 : l?e Pace § 53, o 8e TrdvTUiU aêrXnoTaTOV' ous yap, k.t.A..

For other examples see Madvig, Syntax § 197.

ex8eSw»<€, K.r.A.] Cp. e/cSeSovrai, § 169, ?l0te.— ravra Se Kara y^wpav

/xeVet :' these articles, on the other hand [8e in apodosis], remain

undisturbed'.—Trpoo-Tayjuara : 'dictates' (of the Persian king):

see the terms, § 175, note.

97 § ^77- "^^^ Trpeo-jScvadvTOiV ravTr]v Trjv eipr/ioyi'] 'those whonegotiated this peace': cp. Andok. De Face § 29, a i]i>lv i-n-pia-

^€v(Tev 'EttlXvkos, K.T.A., fiotc, p. 1 82. Thc rcfcrcnce is to the

diplomatic agents of Sparta generally, but esp. to Antalkidas, by

whom, with the help of the satrap Teiribazos, the terms of the

treaty were virtually settled. Grote ix. 531.

ix^prjv . . .Trepl avT<Zv] 'Whether it was their view (i) that each

State should retain its own territory, or (2) that each should havedominion also over all that it acquired by conquest, or (3) that



pp. 96, 97]

'

NOTES. 271

each of us should keep these possessions which we happened

to hold on the eve of the peace,—they were bound to define someone of these views,—to apply their principle impartially,—and

on this basis to frame the terms of the treaty' (Trept avrCjv, neut.,

about the interests thus involved). Isokr. means : The Peace of

Antalkidas is based on no intelligible principle. If (i) had been

adopted, Persia would not have got the Greek cities of Asia : if (2),

autonomy would not have been guaranteed to the Greek cities

of Europe : if (3), Athens and Sparta would not have had to

renounce dependencies which they claimed. Observe that tQv

SopiaXwTMv refers, not to all that each State /lad from time to time

acquired, but to all that it might hereafter acquire.

§ 178. ctAX' ovK e/cetvwi'] After wo-Trcp we should expect //.-^

(= wcTTrep £6 i7ro\€ix7]a-a[xev, dXXd [xr] ^T^^'^) ' Ût the emphasis on

the negative /^?^/ warrants oi. Cp. Lys. /// Eratosth. § 36, note on

uvK. dpa XPV, P-208,

§ 179. iK€cvw<; €iVojV] 'by the following illustration'.

Tr/i/ re Trept r][xd<; ari/j.. yeyev.] SrjXwa-oi Tyv dri/XLav yey€vr][xivr]v

could mean only, 'I will show that the dishonour has happened',

yeyei'. being a predicate. But SrjXojo-oi -n^v -n-epl T^/xas drifjiLav yeyevr}-

fxivrjv can mean, ' I will show the dishonour that has been done

to us', because -rrepl -qiids is really a part of the adjective; and when

this part has asserted its right place between r-qv and drifxiav, thesupplementary yeyevrjixevrjv can afford to wait. Cp. Thuc. vii. 23,

at Trpo tot) oro/xaTO? vrj€<; vavfjiaôvcrai, 'the ships fighting before

the mouth of the harbour': here, the complete adjective is Trpo

Tov (rT6fjiaTo<s vav[jLaxovaaL, and it is enough that the first part of it,

Trpo ToS o-To/AaTos, should stand between the article and the subst.

T^s yap y^s...7roLovjx€vo'i] 'Whereas the whole earth beneath

the firmament is divided into two parts,"

Asia"

and"

Europe",

the great King has under this Treaty taken one-half,—as if he

were dividing the territory with Zeus, and not making his compact

with men'. That is, the Persian king has taken all Asia, as if

he were a god who would not yield up more than haf of the

whole earth even to Zeus himself. Isokr. prob. began with the

thought of Artaxerxes being on earth what Zeus is in heaven,

and then passed to this image of him as one who, in partitioning

the earth, would consider himself the equal of Zeus. On vlfxia-Oai




Trpos, cp. Lys. Mantith. § lo, p. 42. ^ko'ct/ao?, the starry firma-

ment, = d TreÎ Tr};/ yjyi' koV/xos, Arist. Alcteor. I. 2.

—86';â tct/x, cp.

Soph. 7r. 100, 8t(rcrai TJmLpoL.

§ 180. Tots Kotvot; Twi' tep.] 'The national temples' (at

Olympia, Delphi, etc.), not merely the ' public ' temples of each

State. Cp. Pauathcnaikos § 107, ras Totavra? <TvvOrjKa<; (of An-

talkidas) avToi t Iv toI? Upols toTs o-c^crepots aveypaif/ai' kol tods

cru/x/i,aôrs TyvayKacrav.—crrr;\ats : Thuc. V. 47, rds Se ivv6rjKa<; ava-

ypdipat ivcnrjXrf

XiOivr] A6r]vaL0v<; jxei/ iv TroXct (the Akropolis),

'Apy€Lov<; Se iv dyopai iv tov 'A7ro/\Xwro<; t<2 lepcl), Muvrtveas oe ei/

ToS Aios Tw tepw ev ttj dyopa' KaTaOivTHiV h\ Ka\ OXvfXTrlaaL (jTrjk'qv

âXKrjv.

fjLLa^ rvxV'^'\ 'a single success ': Antidosis § 12S, et rts ei/ //.la TT;;(r;

(alluding to Aegospotami) Tt]XiKovTQV n KarwpOwaev wairep Av-

o-avSpos. Cp. £7rt poTryj^ fxids ovres, Thuc. V. 103.

Ka6^ uXr]^ T17S 'E.]'

but these pillars stand as witnesses on thewhole war against all Greece '.

98 § iSi. Tois...7rep(. rd TptuiKa yev.] ' those who were engaged

in the Trojan war'. If the meaning were, 'those who lived in the

time of the Trojan war', we should rather expect Kara rd Tpwi'/ca.

§ 182. evxh d^Lo] 'all for which men would pray': not

merely 'desirable' things, but such things as might satisfy the

highest aspirations. So again in Isokr. Philipp. § 10. Cp. Arist. 's

viroTidea-Oai Kar cvxWj to suppose the best imaginable case, i] kut

evxqi' TToXtrtta, the ideal polity, Polit. 11. 6.

6£ojpta...o-rpareta] 'like a sacred embassy rather than a hostile

expedition', i.e. encountering no resistance, but received with

joyous welcome and homage in its stately progress. The image

suggested by êwpia is the more appropriate since the Hellenic

gods are conceived as making common cause against those bar-

barians who had destroyed their shrines when Ionia was con-

quered : see § I55) ^^ '^^^ "ô. twi/ Bi.Q>v eSrj koI tous vews (TvXdv iv

T(3 Trporepo) TroXe/Jno Kat KaraKaeiv eVoA/XTycrai/.

§ 183—§ 184. <êpe ydp...iv6vjxovix€vov<;'] 'Let US see: who are

fitting objects of hostility for those who desire no aggrandisement,

but have a view to justice in the abstract?... And who are proper

objects for the envy of those who, though not devoid of courage,

exercise that (juality under the restraint of prudence?. ..And



pp.97—99] NOTES. 273

against whom should those men march who are at once loyal

to their duty and mindful of their interest?' i.e.

The arms ofGreece ought to be turned against Persia, (i) if we consider

abstract justice—because Persia has wronged Greece : (2) if we

desire a field of enterprise agreeable at once to our valour and

to our discretion—because Persia is rich and 7ucal^ : (3) if we

think botli of duty and of interest—for the above reasons com-

bined. The phrase tous /xr; KO.vra.-Ka.div ai ai8pw9 StaKctjueVou? a\Aa

,

iJLeTpLws irpdyixaTt tovtw ^poj/xeiou? is a circumlocution for ' men

in whom courage is subordinate to prudence'. The (f)66vo<; felt

by such men—however timid—will find in Asia a field of plunder

both ample and sa/e.

§ 185. Koi ixTJv ov5e, K.T.X.^ 'Nor again, [koL jut^V = further] 99

shall we distress the cities by levying soldiers on them,—a burden

which at present, in their warfare with each other, they find most

oppressive', ov \vinja. KaraXey., ftof, 'we shall abstain from vexing

by a levy', but, 'we shall levy without vexing'; since all will

prefer the service to staying at home (/xeVeiv, i. e. o'ikol, = virofxeveiv).

The disinclination of citizens for ordinary military service, and

the consequent demand for mercenaries (eVtKoupot, § 168), was

a growing symptom of the decay in Greek political life : see

Aiiie Orators, 11. 17.—Cp. Thuc. vi. 43, ot Ik tov KaraXoyov, those

on the roll for service : ot e^w tov KaraXoyov, - emeriti, Xen. H.

If- 3- 51-

ry ve'os ^ TraXatds] Doubtless the poetical TraAacos is to be ex-

plained by a reminiscence of the familiar Homeric formula, ry ve'os

T^'e TraXatds, //. XIV. 108 : vioi r\h\ iraXaLOL, Od. I. 395, etc.

§ 186. cfiTJfjirjv he Kal fjLvrjfjirjv kuI So'âv] 'name and fame and

repute': 4>i'nJ^y]v, the rumour in men's mouths {volitare per ora), as

gratifying to the living, ixvr'/ixrjv, the posthumous fame of the

dead. Arist. Ji/iet. in. 7. ^ ir, (words or phrases of an unusual

or a poetical colour may be used by the speaker) orav e;^?; -rjBr}

Tovs aKpoaras Kal Tronjcry] ivdovcTLaaai r) iiraivoi's ij i//dyots ij opyfj ij

(fnXia ('when the speaker has got his hearers into his power,

and has worked them up into enthusiasm by praise or blame,

by indignation or by love '), oToi' Kal 'laoKpdTrj<; ttouI iv tc3 iravrj-

yuptKw eVt reXet, 'cf)r]p.7] 8e Kal yvojp-yf:—where yv(xp.)] is a slip for

p-vrj/j-y]—a strange one, since it weakens the Ttapovop-aa-La (simi-




larity of form) and destroys the Trapo/AoiWts (similarity of sound).

Cp. Phil. § 134,Kttt 7r]V

cf)rjlX7]V KolTV/V

[JiVTJ[JL7]V.

Trpos 'AXeâvSpov] = Ildpiv. ' The heroes (of Troy) themselves

bear each a double name, as Alexander and Paris, Hector and

Darius ; of which the one indicates their connexion with Hellas,

the other with interior Asia': Curt. Hisf. Gr. i. 79.

Troidv...\iyf.iv, k.t.X.] 'who that has the gift of the poet or the

art of the orator will not devote his labour and meditation to the

purpose of bequeathing for all time a monument of his own genius

and of their heroism?' ttouiv : as in Plat. Io7i 534 b (quoted by

Sandys) irpiv h.v ev6eo<; yeurjTUL. . .dSvvaTo<; ttols ttolw kol ^Tjcr/xwSeu'.

—(J3L\o(rocfiT]cr€t : cp. Lysias P/v Invalids § 10, note, p. 199.

Vn. $IAmn02. [Or. v.]—This appeal to Philip of Mace-

don may fitly be taken after the Panegyrikos. As the latter

recommends that Athens should lead a Panhellenic War against

Persia, so this discourse presses the task on Philip. It is the final

expression—as the other was the first—of a life-long desire.

Philip had taken Amphipolis in 358 B.C. and Potidaea in 356,

The hostilities between him and Athens, carried on intermittently

from 356, were closed in March, 346, by the so-called Peace of

Philokrates. Before that event Isokrates had been composing a

letter to Philip ' On Amphipolis',

urging, in favour of peace,

that Amphipolis, the chief cause of the war, was not a desirable

possession either for Athens or for the king of Macedon (§§ 1,3).

This letter had not been sent when peace was concluded(§ 7).

Isokrates now writes on another and a larger subject. He sees in

Philip, at length reconciled to Athens, the man who can lead the

united Hellenes against Persia. Ever since the failure of the

PanegyrikoSf^ to bring about such an expedition under the joint

leadership of Athens and Sparta, he had been looking for an

individual powerful enough to execute his favourite plan (§§ 84,

128, 129). He had already applied to Dionysios I.—probably

about 368 B.C. {Ep. I. § 8)—and in 356 to Archidamos III. {Ep.

IX. § 16). This oration was addressed to Philip soon after the

Peace (§§ 8, 56), but before the conclusion of the Sacred War

(§§ 54) 74); that is, between IMarch and July, 346 B.C.

The most striking characteristic of the whole discourse is therecognition of Philip as the first of Hellenes and the natural



pp. 99, loo] NOTES. 275

champion of Hellas, in whom—though his subjects are aliens

the Heraklidspirit is as true as it was in the Argive Temenos, the

founder of his dynasty. Attic Orators, 11. 166— 176.

§§ 81—104.

§81. airep eVeoTaXa] ' as I said in my letter to Dionysios

after he had acquired the tyranny '. The words are, in fact,

closely similar : Ep. i. (to Dionysios) § 9, koX (jltj Oavf/.aarj's, et [jL^re

?>r]IJiy]yopwv (being a speaker in the Ekklesia) fxyjTe arpaT-qyoyv fi-qr

uXXws Swdarr)'; wv outojs e/x/3pi^€s atpo/xat Trpay/xa (take upon me SO

grave a task) koI Suotv €7rt;êtpw tolv /xeyio-rotv, vnip re T17S 'EXXaSos

Ae'yetv kol aol crvixfSovXeveLv. Dionysios became tyrant of Syracuse

in 406 B.C., and the probable date of the Letter to him is 368 B.C.

(Attic Orators, 11. 239) : KTrjo-ajxevov, then, cannot = ' on his acquir-

ing ': but Isokr. is thinking of the career of Dionys. as divided

into two great chapters, that which preceded and that which /ot/orced

his acquisition of the tyranny. Isokr. felt that the war must beled either by a city or by a prince. He appealed successively to

Athens—to Dionysios (when now a rvpavvo<;)—to Archidamos—and to Philip. We need not, then, insert toV before ttjv TvpawtSa

KTr](jd[Ji£VOV.

IxTjT uAXw? Suiao-TTys] ' nor in any way a person of influence '

cp. Paneg. § 170, twv Swao-TcvovTajv, 'the leading statesmen', 7wte,

p. 267.

oy\{a...Ka\{.vZov\xkvoi%\ 'capable of dealing with a mob, and of 100

exchanging scurrilous personalities with the busy triflers of the

platform ' (fSrjjxa, the raised place for speakers in the ekklesia).

ox^w, an invidious term for -n-XyjOei, the audience in a popular

assembly or law-court : ot yap iv o-oeôts|(ftavXoL, Trap' oÂw ixovctl-

Kune-poi Aeyetv, Eur. Hipp. 989. pLoXivecyOaL, pass., 'to be defiled',

—i.e., here, to have mud thrown at one, to be coarsely abused.

XoiZopfurOai, midd., 'to revile' with dat. (the act. XoihopCiv usu.

with ace).—On KaAtvSov/xeVot?, cp. Adv. Soph. § 20, note, p. 252.

Baiter and Sauppe give here KvXivôvp.ivoi% (a collateral form with

the same meaning), but retain the other form in Isokr. Panegyr.

151, TrpoKaAivSou/xei'oi : Adv. Sophist. § 20, KaXtvSoup-eVwv : Antid.

§ 30, ToCv TTepl ra hiKauj-qpia. KaAivSow/xeVwi/ : § 213, KaXiv8or/x evas.

§ 83. TTpos Tous "EXATyvas] In the former part of the discourse

Isokr. has impressed on Philip that his duty is to reconcile the




four great cities of Greece—Sparta, Argos, Thebes, Athens

and has shown in detail that this task is feasible(§§

30

—67).

ov TTJv avTTjv f-x- 8tai/.] ' though not with the same feeling

[Sttti'otai', thoughts about my own work] as at the former period of

life when I was writing on this same subject '. The Fanegyrikos

appeared in 380 B.C., Isokr. actat. 56: but he had certainly com-

menced it some years before—ace. to the tradition, at least ten :

see introd. to Panegyr., p. 263. In 346 B.C., when this discourse

wassent to Philip, Isokr. was ninety years of age.

§84, 7rap€Ke.Xev6fxrji'...i<aTaYe\av, k.t.A..] A literally exact re-

ference to the opening of the Panegyrikos, § 14, e'ya^ 8' y]v ^1) koX tou

TrpayjUOTOS ctctcos eiTrw kol rr/s SotTj? Trj's ifjiavTOv koI tov xpovov, fxrj

[lovov 70V Trepi toi/ Xoyov t^jxiv 8iarpi(/)5ei/TO?, dWa Koi crvjXTravTO% ov

ftej^MKa, TrapaKeXevojJLaL fxrjSefXiav avyyi'Wjxrjv cêtv aAAa KarayiXuiv kol

KaracfipoveLv.—rovxP"^'^'"

'• Isokr. spent ten years on the Panegyr.

ace. to Quint, x. 4, [Plut.J Vitt. X. Oratt, Phot. Cod. 260:

Plut.

Mor. 350 E makes it 'almost three olympiads' (nearly 12 years).

ovrc yap raiJTa, k.t.A.] Cp. the maxim, to KaXws ctTretf

aira^ Trcptytyverai, 8is Se ova ivSex^rai, a thing can be well said

once, but cannot be well said twice (quoted and questioned by

Theon, TrpoyvpvdcrpLaTa, c. I, PAc/. Gvacc. II. 62). In several

places Demosth. repeats phrases or short passages of his own.

See on this—which illustrates the ancient view of oratory as a fine

îXi—Attic Orators, i. Ixxii.

§ 85. ov ixrjv aTToo-Tareoi'] ' I must not desist, however, but

must speak on my chosen theme as the moment may prompt,

and as may be expedient for the purpose of persuading you to

act thus', o Tt dv inroncar], 'whatever may suggest itself: cp.

Od. XII. 206,Kat

fxoi£7ros I'/xTrecre

Ovfxw: Plut. Ages.

7,vTTijXOe

70V 'Ayijo-tAaov, ' it occurred to him '. As the Pancgyrikos

was the result of long thought and study, so the present dis-

course is to be rather an extemporary appeal of a more personal

kind.

iXXiTTw Tt] not—

'omit anything' (wh. would be rather Trapa-

Xlttw), but—

' fail in any respect ' ; t6i/ avrdv rporov rots Trpor.

txSeS. meaning,'

up to the level of the work which he had formerly

put forth (the Paiicgyn'kos).



pp. 100, loi] NOTES. 2/7

oiSX ovv vTToyp.] ' yet at least I think that I can trace a pretty 101

clear outline for those who are able to execute my idea, and to

carry the work through ': i. e. for one who, like Philip, is in a

position to levy war against Asia. Cp- vc/ji^yTô-aro, Lys. Olymp.

I 3, ^lote, p. 189.

§ 86. 77 (Ti^vaywi'iô/xti/ous, K.T.X.] ' Nothing must be done

until one has got the Greeks either as active supporters of the

project, or as cordially favourable spectators ' : tovs 'EXA.., the

Greeks collectively. Agesilaos had, of course, Greek troops ; but

the public opinion of Greece at large was not with him.

'AyTjo-tAaos] Alluding to the campaigns of Agesilaos in Asia

Minor, 396—395 b. c. Cp. Panegyr. § 144, 'AyrjcrtAaos 8e toJ

Kvpeto) cTTpaTevfiaTi ;(pwjLi€vos [the remnant of the Ten Thousand]

fiiKpov ScLv T^s evTos "AXvo<; >(wpas e/cpaxTyo-ev, ' all but conquered

Asia Minor west of the Halys '. See Atinals in Attic Orators,

I. xlvi. 'Agesilaos... assimilated his expedition (396 B.C.) to a

new Trojan War—an effort of united Greece, for the purpose of

taking vengeance on the common Asiatic enemy of the Hellenic

name' : Grote ix. 357.

§ 87. Tous eratpoug] See Isokr. Epist. IX. § 13 (Agesilaos)

yei/0/x.evos iyKparia-TaTO? kol StKaioTaros kol TroXtTiKtoraTO? [as here

^povt/x.wTaTOs] StTTCts eCT^€V iTTiOviJiLaq' ...rifiovXiTO yap /âcrtXet re

7ro\€[X€iv KoX Twv (pbXoiv Tous cjievyovT a<i cis Ttts 7roA.£t? Kajayayeiv

Kat Kvptovs KaracTTyjcraL twi/ Trpayfjiarwy. Here Tov<i iratpov? are not

' kis friends', but, ^ t/ie members of the oligarchical clubs'' (iTaiptaL)

by whom the Spartan SeKapxio-t had been supported in the various

cities : cp. Lysias /// Eratosth. § 43, TreVrc a.vSpe<i l<ôpot Karearyjaav

VTTo Twv KaXovfxivwv kraipwv (at Athens in 404 B.C.). Not long

after these he.Kap-îai had been established by Lysander (in 405

—4 B.C.) a reaction set in against them, and in many cities they

were either dissolved or modified, with the express approval of the

Spartan Ephors. When Agesilaos went to Asia in 396 B.C., Ly-

sander accompanied him, 'in order', as Xen. says {Hellen. iii.

4. 2), 'to restore, with the help of Agesilaos, the dekarchies which

he [Lysander] had established in the cities, but which had been

banished (eKTreTTTWKutas) by the (Spartan) Ephors, who directed the

cities to resume their traditionary constitutions '.

Isokr. correctly represents the general situation in the Asiatic

Hellas of 396 b. c. ; but he does not accurately describe the atti-

J- 19



2'j'^ SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

tude of Agesilaos. It was Lysander, not Agesilaos, who desired

to restore theiroipoL,

theohgarchical partisans. Agesilaos ap-

peared in contrast with Lysander as Stj/ôtiko's (Plut. Ages. c. 7).

Isokr. seems to confound \kiQ. political enterprise, in which Lysander

sought (not very successfully) to engage Agesilaos, with the marked

eagerness of Agesilaos to enrich or honour his personal friends

(see Xen. Ages. I. 18, Trai/rcs Tcaix.r:\i]Q-r] ^p-t]fxaTa e\a/3ov, k.t.X.) :

and this misapprehension appears when, in the passage cited

above {Epist. ix. § 13), he uses the phrase rovg eauroS î\ov%.

iv KaKOL<;...T-qv rapax'>]v Trjv ivddSe y.] i.e. (i) The Asiatic Greeks

were involved in troubles and dangers by that strife between the

democratic and oligarchic parties which arose from the attempt to

restore the oligarchic exiles. (2) The tumult excited in Greece

Proper by the outbreak of the Corinthian War in 394 b. c, tJ rapa.^

17 ivOdê yiyvofxevr]—which caused Agesilaos to be recalled from

Asia—left the European Greeks no leisure to think about a war

against Persia.

§ 88. Ik twi/ d.yvo'qBivTii>v\ ' And SO, from the oversights

which were made at that time, it is easy to deduce the lesson that

no prudent man will make war on Persia until he has reconciled

the Greeks and cured them of the madness which now possesses

them ' [the discord which is ruining them] : ttoXc/xov cKtê/ieij/,

inferre bellum ; Xen. Hellen. iii. 5, e<^' wre eôtcreij/ 7roA,e/x,ov irpos

AttKeSai/xovtotis.

§ 89. Twv pXv aAXojv] ' Most Other people, perhaps, if they

were minded to urge on you an expedition against Asia, would

have recourse to this topic of exhortation—that all who have ever

undertaken a war against Persia have had the fortune to exchange

obscurity for eminence, poverty for wealth, a humble station for

the lordship of wide lands and of cities. My appeal to you,

however, will not rely on such examples (xtoi/ toiovtcdv masc, cp.

Panegyr. % 173, Ik twv axndv) but on the case of those who are

adjudged to have failed—I mean the comrades of Cyrus and

Klearchos'. SoâvTwv, who have been set down as failures—more

than SoKoiJVTCJv.

102 § 9°- '^'^^ Y^vpov TTpoTTeTetai'] ' the impetuosity of Cyrus ',—at

the battle of Kunaxa (401 B.C.). The Greeks were conquering,and those around Cyrus were already saluting him as king. Put



pp. loi, 102] NOTES. 279

he still restrained himself: ouS' w? eit^xOr] Slmkclv (Xen, Afiah. i. 8.

21). Presently, however, to defeat a movement of the enemy,

he charged the Persian centre, and routed the 6000 who sur-

rounded Artaxerxes. His own body-guard went on in pursuit.

Cyrus was left alone with his immediate staff (o/AorpaTreôi). At

this moment he caught sight of his hated brother. He cried, ' I

see the man '—rushed at him—wounded him—and was slain {ib.

§ 25).

§91, TT^s TTcpi avTov Swa/xeox;] 'the power about him'—the

military resources of the Persian empire. Cp. Panegyr. § 166,

jnet^w Zvva.\iiv Trepl avTov eKoicrTwv avTcov iroL-qadixevos, uofe, p. 266.

7rpo/<uAeo-a/A€vos...ets Xoyov cXêti/] 'having invited ' them 'to a

conference '. We cannot render ' having caused io be invited', since

the act. TrpoKaXCiv is not classical as = TrpoKaXeta-OaL. Take wore

with d-TTiKTeive, not with iXOelv : TrpoKaXe(jdfjievo<i requires eU Xoyov

cX^civ to explain it. Note the series of participles : irpoKaXead-

/X6V0S Kol vTrL(T)(yovfxevo'i (representing the iinperf. v-Kia-yyCiTo)—1ii7rayayoju,€vos Kai...8ovs a-vXXa/Swv (this last being in closer con-

nection with aTTCKTetve).—Xen. does not say that Tissaphernes

offered ' large presents ' to the leaders, and * their pay in full

to the soldiers. Ace. to Xen., Tissaphernes offered (i) a safe

conduct back to Greece, (2) a market for provisions on the march,

—if^thî Greeks'would abstain from ravage, and would pay for

what they took: Xen. Anab. 11. 3. 26, 27.

7riOTets...Tas /ueytcrras] Xen. ib. § 28, raSra eSoê* kol w/xocrav

Kol Septets eSocrav Ttcraacjiepv7]<; kol 6 T17S /3a<TiXeo)s yvvatKO'S d8eA.<ôs

Tois Ttuv ijXXrjvwv (xrpaT-qyoi'i Koi Xoxp-yoi'; kol iXajSov Trapd twv

'EXX-qvwv. The oaths between the Greeks and Ariaeos (the Persian

leader of the Asiatic contingent under Cyrus) were ratified in

more solemn fashion after the battle : a bull, a wolf, a boar, and a

ram were slain, and their blood received in a shield, the contract-

ing parties dipping their weapons in it. Xen. Anab. 11. 2. 9. Here

Isokr. seems to be thinking of this, rather than of the simple

oeftas Sovi/at, /

crvXXaj3wv...dTreKTeLvi\ Tissaphernes seized in his tent five of

the o-TpoT-qyoL : four, including Klearchos, were put to death soon

afterwards, and Menon a year later: Xen. An. 11. 5. 31, 6. 29.

19—2



28o SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

§ 92. âtvovrat. . . KpaTrycravTcs av] = hrjXov Icttlv otl eKpaTrjcrav av :

'

[grammatically, the words might equally well mean, onKpaxTjcreiav

av :] Goodwin § 41. 3.

€t ^-q 8ta Kupov] sc. i(Tcf)d\r]aav, ' had it not been for Cyrus '

Plat. Gorg. 516 E, ct /u-jy 8ta tov Trp^ravtv, IveTreaev av : Dem.

J^. Z,. ^ 73, ov yap ws €1 )".>? Sitt AaKeSai/xojîou?, ...OLiS' ws et /x?} 8ia to

Kttl to' (if it had not been for this or that), laoydrjaav av ol ^wKeis,

or;^ ovTUi t6t€ aTTT^yyeiXev : Goodwin § 52. I, 7Z. I.

o-ot 8c, K.T.A..J'

But for you it is not difficult to guard against

the mishap which occurred on that occasion [such rashness as

that of Cyrus, § 90], and it is easy to provide a force much

stronger than that which overmastered the power of the King'

(eKetVov, Artaxerxes II.).

vTrap^dvTwv] ' have been secured ' : for the tense, cp. Panegyr.

§ 162, TotouTOJV opiJ.r]Tr]pL(i)v vTvap^dvTWV, p. 93, and below § 95,

VTrap$dcrr]<;.

103 § 93- '^porcpov] In Faneg}'r. §§ 145—149, where he thus sums

up the lesson of the famous Retreat, a.a(â\icne.pov Karef^rjaav

[came down to the coast] twv Trepl îXtas ws atiTov [tov ySao-tAea]

Trpeo^/JevovTcov.

cTTicTTas yap, k.t.X.] ' For, as my argument had brought me to

the same topics, I spared myself the labour of striving to find new

words for ideas which had been fully illustrated already ' (in the

Panegyr.). c-n-to-Tas ; i.e. the course of the discussion led him to

a point where the same Stavoiat must be repeated : cp. cTrio-Tojoriv,

Panegyr. § 165, nofe, p. 266.

§ 94. Tots /xev ovv otKctots, K.T.X.] ' Now, I may perhaps draw upon

my own materials [i.e. repeat my own thoughts or language from

former worlfe], if in any case there be urgent need, and it be

fitting: but I will adopt nothing from the work of others, any

more than of old'. KaTîrdyrj : cp. Dem. In Tiviocr. § 18, uAXa,

Trepi (Sv oiSev t'crws Vjuas Kax£3Feiy£t vvv aKovcrai, ' there IS no pressmg

need ' for you to hear.

§ 95. T77S tKetVots v7rapâ'o-r;9] ' which had been raised by them'

[the Cyreians] := 17 vTrijpê, not ^7 v7ry]p)ê : cp. on § 92.

8ia Tas Se/capxias, k.t.X.] 'while they [Cyrus and his followers]

had the Greeks most strongly prepossessed against them on account



pp. 102— 104] NOTES. 281

of the dekarchies of the Spartan period '. SeKaSap^wt (the rule of

a SeKcts) is here, as often, a v. 1. for ScKapxia (the rule of ScKa).

Harpokrat. supports ScKaSapxta, Suidas and Xen. Sc/capx'a- The

fact that 8eKaSap;i(os had a technical military sense, ' a commander

^ten' (freq. in Xen.), seems to favour SeKapxia in the sense of

government I'J ten : so Tr^vTapyia (not TrefJiiraSapxta), rpiap^j^ta (not

TpLaSapxio), K.T.X. Cp. Pancgyr, §§ no f, ot twv '^^KapîQ^v KOLvwvt]-

aavTe? koI ras avrwv TrarpiSa? Ziakvpi-qvdpcvoL (those who supported

the oligarchies of ten, established by Lysander, and so ruined their

native cities); see note on § 87, tous kraipovi.—eVi AaKeSat/xovtW,

*in the time of the Lacedaemonians', i.e. of their -qyeixovia,

which now (346 B.C.) was a thing of the past: it lasted, roughly,

from 404 B.C. to 371 B.C., when the battle of Leuktra gave the

ascendancy to Thebes.

§ 96. ef kTOijxov] 'readily': cp. Adv. Sophist. § 15, p. 83, c^

IroifJiOTepov Xap-fSaveiv.

Twv 7r\av(i)fjiivoiv—twv ttoXit.] ' A large and powerful force can

more easily be raised from among the homeless vagrants than

from among the dwellers in cities''. Cp. £pist. ix. (to Archidamos,

356 B. c) § 9, fxeiôvs Koi KpetTTors crtiVTafets crTpaTOTre'Swv ytyvo/AcVa?

€K Twv 7rXav(x)iMev<iiv ^ t<2v iroXiTevofjievojv. These ' vagrants ' were

political exiles, driven out by the troubles bred of the ' dekarchies

—ruined men and criminals of every sort. See Panegyr. § 168,

toCTTC Tous /jtev kv rats avrwv avo/Aws o.TToXKv(jOai, tovs S ctti êvr]^

fierd TratSoji/ kol yvvaLKwv aXacrOai, and 7l0fe, p. 267-

ovK rjv leviKov] Cyrus (in 401 B.C.) found it hard to raise,

10,000 mercenaries from all Greece: in 338 B.C. 10,000 such

formed a single contingent at Chaeroneia : see Atiic Orators,

11. 17.

Tots o-uXXeyovcrt] Thus Cyrus gave Klearchos about ^10,000

with which to levy mercenaries : o Sc XafiCiv to -^va-iov uTpaTivfia

crvveXeêv utto toutwv twv )(pTqjxdT<jiv, Xen. Anab. I. I. 9. t(]v cis

Tox)s (TTpaTicuras p.tcr6o(f)opa.v, the pay (spent) on the soldiers.

§ 97. KXe'apXO^' Tov iina-TaTrja-avTa, k.t.X.] ' Klearchos, who 104

was placed in command [aor.'] of that expedition ',—as being the

leader of the Greek mercenaries, and the only officer who knew

from the first the real object of the march (Xen. A/iad. iii. i. 10).




ovT€ vavTLKajs ovT€ TTcîys. . . Kvptov] 'that he had never before

been placed in control of any naval or land-force '.

To make this

exact, KvpLov must mean 'commander-in-chief. Klearchos had

held a command under Mindaros at Kyzikos in 410 B.C., and

under Kallikratidas at Arginusae in 406 B. c. At the end of the

war he was sent as general to Thrace, but was recalled by the

Ephors before he had arrived there. He disregarded their orders;

and sentence of death was recorded against him at Sparta. After

holding Byzantium for a time, he took service with Cyrus.

a.TvxM'i : his seizure and execution by Tissaphernes, Xen. Ajiab.

II. 6. 29,

§ 98. ToaavTa koL TTjXiKaSra] with trepl (Li/ :' SO great...that if I

were speaking of them'... The sentence, as commenced, should

have gone thus :—Trcpl wv, ei fiev . . .iTroLovfxrjv, KaAtus av eT^^ SteXêiv,

cTTctS?} Se...SLaXeyofxai, dv6r]Tov kol irepUpyov av £117 SicfteVai. But

with Trpos crl 8e StaXeyd/xevos a fresh departure is taken. The

expected apodosis, dvorjTov av €(,'7y...8teîei/ai, is broken up into a

protasis ajid apodosis^ el hu^LoCr^v . . .dv6rjTo% av Sokoltjv, thus forming

an independent conditional sentence on a new plan.

§ 99. TovTov Trarrjp] Artaxerxes II. [Mnemon] regn. 405

359 B.C. (Clinton J^. H. 11. Append. C. 18). KareTroXifx-qaev is

incorrect : he gained no great military success over the Greeks.

But Greek disunion and Persian money combined to bring himhis political victory over Athens and Sparta in the Peace of Antal-

kidas (387 B.C.). outos : Artaxerxes III. (Ochos) : 359—339 B.C.

Isokr, writes in 346 B.C.

§100. o /Aev...otiros Se] 'The former king [Artaxerxes Mnemon]

received the surrender of all Asia under the Treaty ; the present

king [Artax. jPchos], so far from being capable of extending his

dominion, is not master even of the cities which were surrendered

to him'. Note the aor. iKôOeiawv, whereas in Pancgyr. § 175

(p. 96), we have at cKSeSo/teVat of the same cities, when the king

2vas still master of them. iieXalSev, correlative of cKSiSoVai : see

Fanegyr. % 169, ?iote, p. 267.—CTw^??Kats : for the terms of the Peace

of Antalkidas, see Fanegyr. § 175, Jiofe, p. 269. oiJtos to(tovtov

8et [toS] dpx'îv : cp. Lys. In Eratosth. § 17, ovT(3i rroXXov cSeTjcre

KptdrjvaL Ka\ dTToXoytjarao-OaL : Plat. Apol. 30 D, ttoAAoC Sew airoXo-

yixadai : SO Sets, lysis 204 E.



pp. 104, 105] NOTES. 283

TovTov avTMv d(êcrTai/at] ' that the king has abandoned them

[avTwi' = Ti2v TroAewf] from cowardice, or that they have conceived

disdain and contempt for the barbarian authority' [Swao-retas,

the Persian suzerainty over Greek cities with municipal self-

government] : /. e. these cities could not be more practically inde-

pendent than they are if Persia had given them up, or if they had

revolted from Persia.

§ 10 1. Ttt TotVui' Trept rrjv ;(0)/3av] The state of Persia is the

nexttopic. This passage, to the

endof

§ 104,is parallel to Panegyr.

§§ 160—166 (p. 92).

Atyi>7rros...a0£i(Tr77f<et] 'was in revolt ' : Ko.r IkCivov tov xpovov^

in the days of the late king's prosperity after the Peace of An-

talkidas: see fiofe on Panegyr. § 161, p. 264. This revolt prob.

began earlier than 385 b.c.

Kttt T^s 8ia TOV 7roTa|U.ov 8u(r;(a)pta9, k.t.X.] 'At the same time

[ou \hriv a.XX\ Panegyr. § 172, n. p. 268] the Egyptians were afraid

lest the king should some day make an expedition against them

in person, and become master of the difficult passage over the

river, as well as of their defences generally '. ij Sia t6v iroTafxov

Svo-xwpta, the passage of the Nile at Pelusium, on the e. frontier

of Egypt. When Cambyses invaded Egypt in 625 B.C. he ap-

proached by way of Kadytis (Gaza), obtaining safe guidance

throughthe desert

from' the

Kingof the

Arabians

' (Her. iii.4.),

—i.e. from some powerful sheikh,—who also provided a supply

of water for the three days passage of the desert. Psammenitos,

with his army, awaited the Persians at the Pelusiac mouth of the

Nile, and was there routed by Cambyses, who next besieged and

took Memphis (Her. iii. 10— 13). Svo-x^pta, here, suggests the

desert by which the Nile is approached from the e.

vvu 8' ovTo<;, K.T.X.]

The chronology of the revolt, spokenof

105here as not yet subdued, is uncertain. Schafer (Deinosih. 71. seine

Zeit, I. 436 f ) thinks that Artaxerxes Ochos made three expe-

ditions against Egypt, viz. (i) On the occasion noticed, but

without date, by Diod. xvi. 40. (2) In the winter of 351—350

B.C., when Nectanebos II. was assisted by Diophantos and

Lamios: Diod. xiv. 48: cp. Isokr. Ep. viii. § 8. This would

be the expedition alluded to here, when the king was igno-

miniously repulsed. (3) In 340 B.C., when Egypt was recon-




quered, the king again commanding in person. See Thirlwall,

c. 48, Vol. VI. p. 187 ;/. ; Clinton, F. H. Vol. 11. Append, c. 18.

Attic Orators, 11. 172, note 4.

§ 102. Ku7rpov...oivt'Ki7v...Kt\tKtuv] See on Pancgyr. § 161,

p. 264. TOT€ JU.6V y}v rov /SacrtXews is accurate only if we suppose

Isokr. to speak of a moment soon after the Peace of Antalkidas in

3S7 B.C. The war between Persia and Evagoras of Salamis

began prob. in 385 b.c. In 380 B.C. Cyprus and Cilicia had

revolted and Phoenicia had been ravaged.

§ 103. 'iSptea.] Idrieus, second son of Hekatomnos \Panegyr.

§ 162, ;/. p. 264] succeeded his sister Artemisia as dynast of Karia

in 35 1 B.C., and reigned till 344 B.C. On the chronology of the

Karian princes cp. Clinton F. H. 11. Append, c. 14 {Attic Orators,

II- 173)-

ri TTOLVTwv, k.tX] ' clsc he would be the most heardess of men

—(jxctA., most devoid of natural affection, rrjv alKKjajxiviqv .

.

.tov

a8eA.(ôv, 'which ill-treated his brother' Mausolos. Idrieus, Mau-

solos and Artemisia were the three children of Hekatomnos.

Artemisia married her own brother Mausolos, dynast of Karia

from about 377 to 353 b.c. He seems to have died a natural

death: Diod. xvi. 36 says merely kreX^vTria-cv. but he had taken

part in the revolt of the satraps from Artaxerxes Mnemon (362

B.C., Diod. XV.90)

andmay

have suffered imprisonment.—

iroXcjxr'jcracrav irpos avTov : Idrieus began his reign as a loyal sub-

ject of Artaxerxes Ochos; but he may have thrown off his alle-

giance later, for Dem. alludes to him as rov Kupa who had seized

Chios, Kos and Rhodes {De Pace § 25).

§ 104. Oe.paTTi.v€iv\ 'to court his favour' : alluding esp. to the

fact that, sQon after his accession in 351 B.C., Idrieus responded to

a demand of Artaxerxes Ochos by sending 40 triremes and 8000mercenaries against Cyprus : Diod. xvi. 42.—avaTre.uTretv—from

the seaboard to the Persian coast.

riv uTToVxi?. . .KaTe/Xvo-ei/] ' If you promise them Liberty, and send

abroad over the face of Asia that name, which had no sooner

sounded in the ears of Greece than it destroyed our empire, as

also the empire of Sparta', The 'liberation of the Greeks' from

Athenian tyranny was the watchword of Sparta in the Pelopon-nesian War: see esp. the speech of Brasidas in Thuc. iv. 86.

I



pp. 105, 106] NOTES.

The oppression of the cities by the Spartan oligarchies \Vas the

cause which chiefly discredited and at last ruined the Spartanlyye/xoi/to : see Isokr. Paiiegyr. § 64, rdv EiAwtwv kv\ hovXivuv {i.e.

to the [loOa^ Lysander, who set up the dekarchies).

VIII. nAATAIKOS. [Or. XIV.]—The revolution of 379 E.G. 106

at Thebes had been a blow to Spartan influence throughout

Hellas, and especially in Boeotia. Agesilaos in 378 and 377,

Kleombrotos in 378 and 376, had invaded Boeotia without gain-

ing any advantage. By the end of 376 the oligarchies supported

by Sparta had been abolished in all the Boeotian towns except

Orchomenos; and the Boeotian Confederacy, with Thebes at its

head, had been reconstituted.

After its destruction in 427 B.C. Plataea had been left desolate

till 386, when it was rebuilt by Sparta as a stronghold against

Thebes. Cut off from Spartan support, Plataea had come(377

or 376 B.C.) into the Boeotian Confederacy; but, like Thespiae

and Tanagra(§ 9), had joined it unwillingly. The relief felt by

most other towns at riddance from the philo-Spartan oligarchies

was more than balanced, in the case of Thespiae, Tanagra and

Plataea, by hatred of Thebes. Diodoros states that the Pla-

taeans secretly offered their town to Athens. At any rate the

alarm felt at Plataea was so great that it was only on the days of

public assemblies at Thebes that the men ventured to go into the

fields, leaving their wives and children within the walls.

On one of these days a Theban force under the Boeotarch

Neokles surprised Plataea, in the latter half of 373 b.c. The

town was destroyed, and the territory was again annexed to Thebes.

The inhabitants, with such property as they could carry, sought

refuge, like their ancestors in 427, at Athens. Their case was

discussed there, not merely in the ekklesia, but in the congress of

the allies (onji/eSptov § 21); Kallistratos being the foremost advocate

of Plataea, as Epameinondas of Thebes. It was not till 338, after

Chaeroneia, that Plataea was restored; this time through the

enmity of Philip, as formerly through the enmity of Sparta, towards

Thebes.

The speech of Isokrates is supposed to be spoken by a

Plataean before the ekklesia; and there is nothing in the matter

or form of the speech itself to make it improbable that it was




actually so delivered. The date is 373 B.C. Atc'ic Orators, ir.

176 f.

Peroration: §§ 56—63.

§ 56. vtt\p mv (XTravras v/xas tK€Teuo/xev] 'Wherefore we Sup-

plicate you all to give us back our land and our city', xniip wv

{neut.), in the name of the miseries which have been set forth

(§j 46—55). The town of Plataea had been wholly, or in great

part, demolished, and the territory had been annexed to Thebes.

The object of the appeal is to obtain the assistance of Athens

in restoring the town and recovering the land. aTravras : all of

you : in allusion to the fact that the Plataeans had some ties with

Athens through marriage: § 51, rats /xev evvoiaL^ aTravrcs ot/ceiot,

Trj Be arvyyeveLa to irXrjdo'i tjixwv :' we are all your kinsmen in

heart, and most of us in blood '.

'jrepuS€Lv...7ra66vTa'i] 'not to see US crushed by sufferings even

beyond those which have been recounted '.— TraOovras, not

xacrxoi'Tas : cp. Andok. De ATyst. § 53, aTroâvovras, note, p. 178,

§ 57. /xdvot] 'And you, above all the Greeks, owe us this

good office, that you should succour us when we have been

made homeless '. \k6voi o(/)6tXeTe = wiice debetis (not as implying

that no other Greeks ought to pity them): cp. Soph. O. C. 260, d

Tas y' 'A^Tji/as âcrt êoo-eêcTTctTas[

etvat, jnovas 8e tov KaKovixevov

êvovI

(Hiit,eiv otas re /cat ynovas apKeZv^X^"''

rovTov TOV epavor] (i) The primary notion of epavo'; seems to

be 'a putting together', 'a collection' (of money): from rt. dp,

with the fundamental idea of motion towards a goal which is

attained : see Curt. Gr. E. 488. (2) Then epavo<; — 'a subscription*

(whether for a pic-nic as opp. to an elXairlvr}, as in Od. i, 226, or

for any othfr purpose). (3) Then figuratively, a contribution or

offering to a cause: Thuc. 11. 43, koXKkjtov . . epavov avry -rrpoiifxevoi,

'lavishing on the city the tribute of their lives'. Cp. [Dem.] ///

Aristog. I. § 22, 'everything that each man among us does by

injunction of the law is his contribution (epavos) as a citizen of the

Commonwealth '. At Athens there were organized societies

which, as well as the subscriptions paid to them, were called

tpavoL. Some of these were private clubs for social purposes;

others, associations for mutual relief in case of need, with collect-

ing officers, T7Xr]po)TaL : Dem. In Mid. % 184. Cp. tous Savetô/AcVous



p. io6] NOTES. 287

Tj cpavtôvras, 'applicants for a loan or a subscription', Theophr.

Cha7'. I. (=v. in my ed., and note there, p. 191).

amo-TciTot?] ' homeless ' : lit. ' forced to arise'. Used by

Isokr. either of a ruined town, Panegyr. § 98, 7? ttoXis 77/xwi/ a.v6.-

(TTaTo<i y€vo[jL€vr]—Athens sacked by the Persians : or a desolate

house, dvaa-TOLTovs oiKovi, A/'ch. § 66, or a ravaged country, 'IraXia

ai/ao-raT09, Panegyr. § 169, or a population made homeless, d/xopous

avaorraTous, ib. § 108, Cp. Sandys on Panegyr. § 36.

ev Tw Ilepcrt/ca) TroXep-w] '

For they say that when, in the Per-

sian War, your fathers had quitted this land [Attica], our ancestors

were the only people north of the Peloponnesus who shared their

dangers and helped them to recover their city.' Isokr, is think-

ing here of the fact that the Plataeans (with the Thespieans)

were the only Greeks who joined with the Athenians in meeting

the Persians at Marathon: cp. Thuc. iii. 54. But, as lK\nr6vToiv

and (Tvvavacrutaai show, he has confused this with the crisis of the

later invasion, when Athens was twice occupied by the Persians

first under Xerxes, in the autumn of 480 B.C., secondly under

Mardonios in the early summer of 479. Similarly in Panegyr.

§ 94 he supposes that the Persian offers which the Athenians

rejected were made by Xerxes in 480 B.C. They were really made

by Mardonios in 479. Cp. Grote v. 147.

riVTr€p...VTTapâ.VT€%\ Dem. P. L. % 280,8ia

rots evepyeata? as

VTTTJpâv ets v/ius : Lysias or. XXII. Kara Twv (TtTOTrojAal^ § 25,

ava^ta t<2v cis v/x,as vTriypy/xeVcov, a fate ill-merited by our former

services to you. rvy^dvofjiev virdp$avTe?, we are in the position of

having first rendered :' which we ourselves were in fact the first

to render '.

"

§ 58. ei 8' ovv\ 'If, however' :8' ovv marking the descent

from the greater to the lesser claim, as often the return from a

parenthesis: e.g. Aesch. Ag. 34, Her. vi! 76 : cp. my note on

Soph. Ai. 28. Tr€Trop6r]fxevr]i/ : see on TraOovTas, § 56.

o-r;/xera...KaTaX£t7reTai] 'in which abide the greatest witnesses

to the heroism of Athenians and of those who fought by their

side' [at Plataea, 479 B.C.]: viz. (i) the tombs of those who fell in

the battle of Plataea, at which yearly honours were paid: (2) the

festival of the 'EXevOepta, or Liberation, held once in every four

years. Thuc. iii. 58 (Plataeans to Spartan judges), iKeVat ytyv6~




fxeda v/xu)v Twv irarpwMv rdcfxov, ' supplicate you by the tombs of

your fathers '. Plut. Arisfeid. 21, trwtevat yxev cts nAarata? Ka6''

CKaoTov Iviavrov 0.1:0 tt^s 'EAXotSos 7rpo(3ov\ovs koL Ocwpov';, ayâOai

8e TrePTaerrjpLKov dyi2va tojv EXeuêptojv.

§ 59. &r]ftaLoi\ 'The Thebans naturally wish to destroy them

[to. aT]ix.eLa], since the memorials of those achievements are their

shame '. In Thuc. iii. 62 the Theban speakers seek to excuse

the /A->?8i(r/xos of their fathers on the ground that (in 480 b. c.) the

Theban government was neither a democracy nor yet an o'Xiyap^^ta

to-ovofxoi, but merely a Suvaoreta oAtytov dv8p<2v. ' The Theban

people, and the Boeotians generally, with the exception of Thes-

piae and Plataea, seem to have had little sentiment on either side,

and to have followed passively the inspirations of their leaders '

Grote v. 104.

e^ eKetVwi/, k.t.A.] 'for it was owing to those deeds that you

acquired the leadership of Greece'. Thuc. i. 95 (478 B.C.), 01 re

dXXoL "EXX7]v€<; ri)(6ovro (at the insolence of Pausanias) koX ovx ^Kicrra

01 "iwvcs Kttl ocrot ttTTo ySacrtAecos vewort rjXevdepoyvTO' cfyoLTwvTe'; re

Trpos Tovs 'AOrjvaLovs rjîovv avTOv<i r]ye[JLovas crt^cov yeveaOai Kara

TO auyyeve's, k.t.A.

§ 60. eKuvov ToV ToVoi/] Plataea and its territory. Thuc. 11.

71 (Plataeans to Archidamos, 429 B.C.), /xapTvpas re 0€ov<; tov<; re

opKiov? Tore [after the battle in 479 B. c] yei/o/xeVovs Trotov/Mcvot KoL

TOV? v/xcrepoDS Trarpwovs Kat yjxeTepovs iy)(y}ptov? Aeyo/xev vfuv yrjv ttjv

IIAaTauSa /x.i) aStKeiv.

ols KaAAt€pi7cra/A€i/ot] When Pausanias offered sacrifice before

the battle of Plataea, the signs were at first unfavourable; but

when at last he looked towards the temple of the Plataean Here,

and involved her, avTiKa jx^jd ryjv iV)(rjv . . Ayiv^ro dvo/xevoiai ra

(Tcjidyia '}(pr](nd : Her. IX. 62. To Mardonios, on the other hand,

ov SvvaraL rd cr<âyta KaraOvfXia (satisfactory) ye.vi(j6ai, lb. 44—45.

107 XP*/ ^^ *^°^^ "^^^ -n-poyovwv, k.t.A.] ' You must take some thought,

too, for your ancestors, and avoid an incidental neglect [-irapa-

IxeXrja-ai] of your duty to them also ; for what would be their

feelings—if indeed the departed [tois e/cei] have any consciousness

of what passes on earth—supposing they should become aware

that, by your fiat, those who stooped to be the barbarian's slaves

were being set as masters over their brethren,—while we, who



pp. 1 06, 107] NOTES. 289

fought the fight of freedom, have, alone of the Greeks, been made

homeless

;

—that the tombs of those who shared their peril are

deprived of the due honours, because there are none to render

them,—while the Thebans, who stood in the ranks of the enemy,

are lords of the land ?' The Tvpoyovoi invoked are not merely the

Athenians who fell at Plataea, but the Athenians generally who

were contemporary with the Persian Wars. TrapaixeX-fjcrai : cp.

Dem. Fells. Legat. § 193, SeStws /ai} crvfXTrapa7r6X(i)fxaL Sid tovtov;,

' fearing lest I should be ruined as an incident of their ruin '

cp. In Mid. § 1 16, TrapaTToA-wXev ' has incidentally become a victim

(to Meidias, whose principal victim was Demosthenes).

Td(ôv%, K.T.A..] Cp. the Plataean appeal to the Spartan judges

(Thuc. II. 58) : £1 KTevetre Ty/xas koX ^wpav Trjv nXaratiSa ©rj/SdiSa

TTOLTja-eTe, ri aWo rj iv TroXe/xta re kol Trapd tois av6ivTai<i (their

murderers) Trarepa? rows vp-eTepov^ koi ^wyyeveis aTL/xovi yepwv (= tuIv

V0)U.i^0ju,eVa)v here) toi/ vvv t(7)(ovaL KaTaAciiêre.

§ 62, AaKcSaijLtovtW] Alluding to the destruction of Plataea

in 427 B.C. @r]l3awi<; yapit,6p.€voi : so the Plataeans say, Thuc.

III. 53, 8eSi/x€v jxrj aXXots X'^P'-^(jiipovre's (i.e. for the gratification of

the Thebans) irrl hi^yvoia-p.ivr]v Kpia-iv (a prejudged case) KaOia--

pXa(T4>r]pLa^, k.t.X.] 'these evil rumours ': cp. Ad7'. Sophist. § 11

(p. 82), op(2 yap ov p.6vov irepl tov<; lâp.aprdvovTa<i rets /SAao-<^rjp.ia?

yiyvo/x.eva?. eXrjaOe :' do not espouse their violence, to the loss

of your present repute ' (for iTTLdKeia).

§63. aAA.' aurous-.-o-wiSoVras] 'but you must comprehend in

your own survey those points also which I have omitted,—you

must think first of the oaths and compacts [exchanged with the

Plataeans by the Greeks in 480 B.C.], next of our friendship with

you, and of Theban enmity,—and so give the righteous sentencein our cause'.—o-wiSovras : cp. Nikokl. § 17, note, p. 237.

IX. HEPI EIPHNH2. [Or. viii.]—'On the Peace '. Like the

Areopagitikos (p. iii), this is a political pamphlet with the form

of a deliberative speech. In 357 B.C. Chios, Kos, Rhodes and

Byzantium revolted from Athens. The Social War was concluded

about midsummer, 355 B.C., by a treaty which declared the inde-

pendence of the seceding states. The Speech On the Peace was




probably written while negotiations for peace were pending, i.e.

in the first half of355

B.C.

The leaders of the War Party—esp. Chares and the orator

Aristophon of Azenia—are the men against whom Isokr. directs

this vigorous appeal. Athens, he urges, must resign pretensions

to foreign domination {ap-^rj), and be content with the headship

{7]y€[xovta) of a free league. The following passage is his censurej

on the corrupt public men of the day.

§§ 121—131.

§121. wv €r^w/xoi;/xeVous] ' Remembering these things '—the

dangers of an ambitious foreign policy, as illustrated by the

experience of Athens and Sparta,,§§ 74—120.

108 '''W^^'^ ''"o^ /^W- SuvaoT.] ' the mastery of the platform ' (in the

Ekklesia) : 'the ear of the House'. Cp. Philipp. § 81, Swa'arT^s—

Tot? cTTt

TQv/3i]fJLaT0<; KaXiv3ov/i,eVots, 7lotes,

p. 275.

TT/DOT/'yayov] Cp. Fanegyr. § 174, nofe, p. 269.

§ 122. a Ktti 7rdvT(j)v, k.t.X.] 'And, just for that reason, nothing

is more surprising than that you elect ', etc. a, ace. referring to the

whole preceding statement, lit. ' and as to these things ' (like ûo^

before si and 7im) : cp. Thuc. 11. 40 § 3, Staêpovros yap 8-7 koI

ToSe €Y0/x6v cocrre ToA//.av tc ol avroi jLtaAicrra, Kat Trept wv cTTiêtpT^-

aoixev, iKXoytêaOaf o [acc, as to which thing, 'whereas'] rots

aA.A.ots ajxaOia jxkv 6pa(ro<i A,oytcr/xos Se okvov <êpei.

7rpoxetpt'Ceo"ê] ' elect ', lit. ' make ready for yourselves ' : cp.

[Dem.] In Aristog. i. § 13, opQiv v/xas KaraTotTToi'Tas jtxe (designating)

Kat '!tpoîpit,o\x.ivov% £7rl tt^v roviov KaTrj-yoptav.

§ 123. eVi jxev eKetVwv] 'in their time' i.e. when they were in

the ascendant : cp. Pliilipp. § 95, '^tKa.pyia% ras l-rti Aa/ceSat/AovtW,

7iote, p. 280.

8ts ^'817 KaraX.] By the Four Hundred in 411 B.C., and the

Thirty in 404 b.c. Cp. Lysias or. xxxiv. § i, p. 38.

ras ûyas, k.t.X.] 'and that the exiles who were sent into

banishment in the time of the tyrants [the Four Hundred], and in

the time of the Thirty, were restored, not through the mercenary

adventurers, but through those who hate such men'.cf)vyds...

KaTeXOovaa's = ûyaSas KareX^dvTas.— rwu Tvpavvwv would more



pp. 107, 108] NOTES. 291

naturally mean the Peisistratidae ; but eV oAtyo) -xpovw, with St?,

excludes that view.

§ 124. e/carepwv] i.e. the supporters of an imperial policy

{dpxv)i and its opponents.

ovSe (}i6ovuvfX€v] ' nor are jealous '—with a righteous jealousy

or envy : cp. the use of 4>6oviiv in Panegyr. § 184, note, p. 272.

§ 125. Sacr/xoA-oyet] 'levies imposts', an invidious mode of

describing the collection of the o-wra^ts, as the tribute of the allies

(<ôpos) was euphemistically called under the revived Athenian

Confederacy. Cp. Panegyr. § 132, ;)(p7}...Totoi;Tot? epyoL'; i-m-êipeLv

TToXv [xaXXov rf tov<; VT^criwras Sacr/xoAoyeiv. So Saa/xocjiopuv, Aesch.

Pers. 586.

ots 8' ovSev vTTijpxiv dyaOov] 'while men who began with no

property—these, on the other hand [8e in apodosis], have been

raised from a low estate to wealth, through our folly ' : a common

topic of accusation against the demagogues, and often probably a

false one. Cp. Lysias, or. xix. § 48, speaking of the demagogue

Kleophon (condemned to death by the oligarchs in 405 b. c),

TrpocreSoKaTO xprnxara Trap-TToXXa €X^"' ^'^'^V'' ^PXV'^j ciTro-

âvovTos 8' avTov ovSafxov SrjXa ra ^pT^jnara, dXXd kol ol TrpoarjKOVTC^

Kttt ot KfjSeaTai, Trap' ois KariXLirtv (his legatees), ojxoXoyovfx^vMS

I

TTeVTJTe's €10-1.

§126. 'nepLKX7J';...Sr)fxay<t>y6<;'] ' Perikles, who preceded such 109men as these in the leadership of the people '. Thuc. uses SrjfjLay.

only in IV. 21, KXeo)V...avJ7p Sr^/xuywyos.../cai tw TrXijdeL TrtâvcuxaTOs,

where it has not necessarily a bad sense : cp. what he says of

Perikles, 11. 65, ovk rjyero ptdXXov vtto toS TrXrjOovi i] avro? ^ye.

Lysias or. XXVII. § 10, Kairoi ov ravra ayaOojv Srjfiayoiywv icrri,

Ta v/xerepa iv rats vfieTcpaL'i <jvp.({iopaL^ Xafi/Savecv. Isokr. has

the word again in Pa?iath.§ 148,

W.i.i(jia-Tpd.rov...o<; 8r][jiaywy6<;

ycvo/xevos kol iroXXd ttJv ttoXlv XvjxrjvdfX^vo^ Kol Toy's ySeArtcrrous tQv

TroXtTCov <u9 oXtyap-^LKovs oVras eK/3aXwv, reXevTiZv tov orjfxov KareXvcre,

K.T.X. Cp. Helen. Encom. § 37 (of Theseus), 717 twv ttoAitcov evvoia

Sopv(f>opovpievo?, T7J fjiev eôucria Tvpavvijiv, rais 8 euepyeatat? Srjjxa-

ywywv, ' having for his body-guard the affection of the citizens,—

•

placed in authority above the laws, but leading the people by acts

of kindness '. Plato never uses the word. In Arist. the bad sense

is usu. marked, e.g. Polit. viii. [v.] 11. § 12 (the flatterer is popular




both in democracies and t3Tannies), Trapa pXv rot? 877/xots 6 Stj/au-

ywyos {(.(TTi yap 6 Sr/jnaywyos tov hrjfxov KoXa^) Trapa Se rots rrpdwots

ot TaTreivws o/xtXoSi'res.

irpo Twv TOLovTUiv] meaning e.g. Kleon, Hyperboles, Kleophon,

and, among contemporaries, esp. Aristophon of Azenia. In this

speech Isokr. distinguishes practically three stages of Athenian

statesmanship : (i) the stage before Athens was imperial—repre-

sented by Aristeides, Miltiades, Themistokles, § 75 : (2) the best

period of the empire—under Perikles : (3) the period of its

decline, and then of unbridled democracy, represented by the

TTOVtqpoi hrjixaywyoi (§ 1 2 9).

€'AaTTa)...KaT£/\.t7rev] Thuc. 11. 65, ;(pi7/xaT0)V...Sta<âi/ws aSwpo-

Taros yei/o/xei'09. Cp. Plat. Gorg. 5 15 E, rauTi yap eyw okovw, Ilept-

kXIol TreiroirjKevat 'AOrjvaLOv; apyoi)? ât SctXox;? kol XaA.ov? koL

<f)L\apyvpovs, et? ixia-6o<f)opLav Trpolrov Karao-TTjcravTa : but even his

enemies admitted his personal probity.

€t? T^v aKpo7roXtv...xwpt? Twv lepwv] i.e. to the Treasury, the

oTTio-^dSojaos, or chamber at the back of the Parthenon (Boeckh,

I. 575), upov TO oTTiaOev tov dînov, ev w kol to. S-q/xoaia aTrc/ceiTO

Xprj/J-aTa, schol. Lucian Tim. 53. See Thuc. 11. 13, where Perikles

tells the Athenians that they have (i) 600 talents a year from the

^dpos of the allies; (2) 6000 talents [about ;î, 400,000] in money

€v T^ a/cpoTToAei,—the greatest total having been 9700 : (3) xp^'o-tol/

aa-qp-ov [uncoined] kol dpyvpiov in sacred offerings, vessels, etc., to

the value of 500 talents. Cp. Grote vi. 165.

§ 127. Ttt dixeXovfxeva. . .T^^Lwa-av] 'these neglected affairs, how-

ever, [ironical, = ra tSta avrwv, their private fortunes,] are found to

have increased in a measure for which formerly [/. e. in the early

days of their poverty, § 125] they would not have presumed even

to pray to tile gods '. ttjv eTrt'Socrtv : see on eTrtSoVeis, Evag. % 48,

note, p. 243. ovS av ixiâaQai: cp. Faneg}>r. § 182, ^v-^yj'i d$La,

note, p. 272.

§ 128. ot pXv...o\ 8e'] ot p.£i/...ot Se are the two classes of the

TToXtrat : ot p.kv are the very poor, who suffer positive want ; ot 8e,

the comparatively rich, who are oppressed by public burdens.

7r€vias...€i/8€tas] 'their narrow circumstances and their pri-

vations': for the plural, cp. Antid. § 283, rats dXr]6eLaL<;, note,

p. 257.—Trpos (r<jids avTov';, 'to themselves', i.e. 'among them-



pp. 1 08, 109] NOTES. 293

selves '—since they find no sympathy from their so-called patrons,

the Srijxay(x>yoi.

TO TrXrjOo'i Tcov Trpoa-TayfxaTOiv kol tcuv Xctr.] ' the number of

arbitrary imposts and of public services ' : irpoa-TdyixaTa, lit. ' dic-

tates ' (cp. Panegyr. § 176, -n-poaTayfJiara kol fxy avv6i]Ka^, p. 96),

i.e. special taxes imposed at the will of the demagogues, and, in

general, extraordinary demands on the citizen's purse or labour

:

XeLTovpytai, the ordinary or regular services (at iyKVKXLOL XnTovpyiai,

Dem. In Mid. § 21) for the festivals -ôp-qyia, yvp^vacnapîa, etc.,

—not including the trierarchy, which is indicated by to. -n-epl ras

(Tvp-ixoptas. The XuTovpyiai may be classified as (i) 'recurring' or

annual, lyKvKXioi : (2) periodic at longer intervals, as the sacred

missions, Oewpiai, to the great festivals: (3) extraordinary: e.g.

missions to the Delphic oracle, and the trierarchy. See my note

on Theophrastus C/iar. xxix. (=xxvi.) p. 227.

Tct KaKo, TO. TT. T. (TvfjifjLopLa<;. . .avTiS6a£L<i] 'the vexations of the

Navy Boards and Exchanges of property '. The duty of a trierarch

was to maintain in efficiency, for one year, a trireme found, rigged,

and manned by the State (Dem. /;/ Afid. § 156),—the average cost

being about ;i^24o (id.). Till 358 B.C. the trierarchy had been

discharged by one person, or by two persons jointly. In 35S B.C.

the 1200 richest citizens were divided, into 20 avfXfxopiaL ('partner-

ships ', ' associations ') of 60 each, for the division of the burden,

a company (crwreAeta), usu. of 15, jointly defraying the cost ofeach trireme. This plan proved unfair to the poorer men, as the

simple or dual trierarchy had been hard on the rich. Demosth.

or. XIV. TTcpi avfxfxoptwv points this out (354 B.C., the year after

this speech of Isokr.). A subsequent reform (340 B.C.?) distri-

buted the burden ace. to assessed property, at the rate of one

trireme to about ^^2400 of taxable capital. (Cp. my note on

Theophr. C/iar. xxv. =xxii. p. 253).-—avrtSoVets : challenges to

exchange properties with the person on whom a Xetrovpyia had

been laid, or else to relieve him of it : see introd. to Isokr. Trcpt

acTtSoo-eo)?, above, p. 253.

§ 129. o-wiSetj'] 'see at a glance' [i.e. comprehending in one

view all that you know] : cp. Alkokles § 17, note, p. 237 : Plataikos

§63, p. 107.

p-)jTopa)v] Thuc. has the word thrice,—always of the regular

, speakers in the Ekklesia, and always in a more or less unfavour-

J.20




able sense : in. 40, vi. 29, viii. i. Cp. Isokr. Panathenaikos,

§ 12, TravTCS iVacri twv [tXv pT^Topcov tovs ttoXA-ovs ov;^ uTrep twv tij

TToXei avfi(l>ep6vTwv aAX' vttc/j wv aurot XrjipeaOat TrpocrSoKcoCTt, Srjfx-qyo-

petv To\[x<2vTa<;. Philipp. § 81, p. 99, )U,ryT€ (JTpaTr]y6<;...[xy'jTe py'jTbip

rrjs TToXews ovras] ' are on the side of the Commonwealth and

of its best advisers'—opp. to v^' avroTs ttvai, servile to the dema-

gogues.

§ 130. cicrayycXi'ats ypa<paL<i

—ov/coâvTla^s] 'the impeach-

ments [for offences more directly against the State], the indict-

ments, and, generally, the vexatious proceedings of which they are

the instruments '. Cp. Lysias Pro Mantith. § 1 2, p. 43, ovre Siktjv

oX(Tô.v ovT€ ypa(f>r]V ovt€ eiaayyeXiav.

110 X. APXIAAMO2. [Or. VI.]—At the beginning of 366 B.C.

Sparta, Athens, Corinth andthe smaller states

dependent onCorinth, as Epidauros and Phlius, were allied, and were at war

with Thebes and her allies, of whom the chief was Argos. But in

that year the treacherous attempt of Athens to seize Corinth gave

the Corinthians a sense of insecurity and a desire for peace.

They accordingly sent envoys to Thebes, asking on what terms

peace would be granted to the allies. The Thebans prescribed,

as one condition of peace, the recognition of the independence of

Messene, the new state founded by Epameinondas in 370. A

congress met at Sparta. The Spartans refused to recognise the

independence of Messene; and accordingly remained, with

Athens, at war against Thebes. The Corinthians, Epidaurians,

Phliasians, and probably some other small states, accepted the

condition, and made peace on their own account, p.. c. 366 :

see § 91. t

The Archldamos is in the form of a deliberative speech. It

purports to be spoken in 366 B.C., by Archidamos III., son of the

king Agesilaos, during a debate at Sparta on the Theban proposal.

There seems no reason to doubt that the speech was written in

366 B.C., either just before or soon after the actual decision of the

question. It may have been composed in the first instance as an

exercise;

yet, as discussing a question of contemporary politics

from the point of view which a large party at Sparta must really

have taken, it claims to be considered as something more.



pp. 109, no] AZOTES. 295

Isokrates probably sent it to Archidamos,—not, of course, for

delivery, but as a proof of sympathy with the Spartan policy.

Attic Orators, 11. 193 f.

§§52-57-

§ 52. S)v ev6vixovixcvovi\ Remembering the examples of recovery

from apparently hopeless disaster—Dionysios of Syracuse, when

he was on the point of abandoning his city to the Carthaginians

(394 B.C.)—Amyntas II. of Macedon when compelled by the

Illyrians to evacuate Pella (393 b. c.)—and Thebes, lately at the

mercy of Sparta, and now the foremost State in Greece : (§§ 40

-50-

7rpo7r€Tws...o/AoXoy('as] 'commit yourselves with headlong haste

to shameful terms'.—TrpoTrerws : cp. Philipp. § 90, p. 102, t\iv

Kvjoov TT/aoTreretav.—o/xoA.oytas : the articles requiring Sparta to

recognise the independence of Messene.

ri Twv aAXo)!/] ' pursuing a less spirited policy in the defence of

our own country than in the cause of others ' e.g. of the Chians,

the Syracusans, the Amphipolitans.

€1. .

.

l3o7]67j(TeL€v . . .av wfioXoyeLTo] 'whenever a Lacedaemonian

were it but one—went to the rescue of an allied city under siege,

it used to be allowed on all hands that the deliverance of the

community was his work '. au oj/xoXoyeiro, expressing a customary

action; so, though more rarely, with aor., Thuc. vii. 71, ei. rtves

iSotev. .dviOdp(r7](jav dv : Goodwin § 30. 2.—Trapa tovtov, 'all

along of him', i.e. indirectly the work of his spirit and example,

even where it was not due to his personal effort.

Trapa tQ>v Trpecr^vTepoivl ' The greater number of such names

may be heard from the older men among us, but even I can

'recount the most famous of them '. The speaker, Archidamos,

was now (366 B.C.) about 35 years of age (vcwrepos oiv § i : see

note in Attic Orators, 11. 195). He means,—

'though I am too

young to remember these men, as my elders can, I am still familiar

with their deeds'. Trapa tow irpea-fS. K.T.X., is a reminder that

the days of Spartan heroism are within living memory.

§ 53. IleoapiTos] When Chios revolted from Athens in

412 B.C., Pedaritos was posted there as Spartan governor: Thuc.

VIII. 28. Soon afterwards the Athenians set about fortifying

20—2




Delphinion, a promontory on the e. coast, ib. 38. Pedaritos

who received no support from the Spartan fleet at Rhodes underAstyochos—attacked Delphinion with a small force. He was

defeated and slain, Thuc. viii. 55. The words here, then—eis

Xi'ov da-ir\€v(xa<; ti)v tvoXlv SUcrwcre—convey an inaccurate impres-

sion. Pedaritos did, indeed, hold out in Chios for a year, but his

command ended disastrously. AUi'c Orators^ 11. 198.

B/jao-tSa?] The majority in Amphipolis were loyal to Athens,

and it was only by offering the most favourable terms that heenticed the place to capitulate (423 b.c.) : Grote vi. 559. Thuc.

IV. 106 ivLKTjae: at the battle of Amphipohs (422 B.C.), in

which both Brasidas and Kleon were killed. oXiyovs : Brasidas

made his sally against the retreating Athenians with a mere

handful of men,— a7roXcfa/x.£vos...7r£VT');KOVTa KoX CKarov oTrXtVa;,

Thuc. V. 8.—Twv TToXiopKor/xeVcov : not inhabitants of Amphipolis^

as the phrase suggests, but the Peloponnesian troops shut up in

it: Thuc. /.c.

ruAtTTTTos] Nikias having omitted to invest Syracuse in 415

B.C., Gylippos was able to enter it in 414, and in 413 crushed the

Athenian force in the last sea-fight. 8vva/xiv tt^v Kparova-av auTtov,

i.e. -^ iKparei, the Athenian force which was overmastering the

Syracusans—against which, a/one, they could not cope. koL Kara,

yrji', K.T.X., with eXafiev, alluding to (i) the sea-fight, (2) the defeat

and surrender of the force retreating by land : Thuc. vii. 70, 84.

§ 54. Tore fxev eKacTTov . . .vvvl 8e Wi'Tas] 'that, whereas in those

days the individual Spartan was capable of guarding foreign

cities, now the Spartans collectively should not even attempt

to preserve their own land', totc [xkv tKacrros Sie^vAarrev vwl

Se 7rai/T€s ov8k TreipwfxeOa : when such a contrast is to be expressed

in dependAice on a comment, such as alaxpov ia-rt, the regular

Greek idiom co-or'dhiates the clauses, turning Ste^vAaTxej/ as well

as 7reipw[xe6a into the infin. A modern composer would be apt

to write {^-g-) ctlcrxpov Icttlv, ctircp totc cKaoros Si€(fivXaTT€, vwl

Travras jJirjhe. Treipacrât.

Ill § 55- tre'pas p-h TroAets] Alluding to such cases as those of

Syracuse, Mytilene, Melos, all of which might be said, in some

sense, to have suffered virlp t^s AckcS. dpxrj^, in the cause of.

Spartan against Athenian ascendancy.



pp. no, III] NOTES. 297

aS77<âyowTcov] 'eating their heads off' : Phot. 9. 23 'i^-q hi koX

dSrjcfiayovcra 2o<ôkA,t7S kol dSr]<f) ay civ "Ep/AtTnros (poet of the

Old Comedy), Meinek. J^rag. Com. p. 145. Cp. KptOwv ttwXo?,

Aesch. Ag. 1 64 1, tTTTTos aKoo-TTjVas eVi KftdrvT], II. VI. 506.

ow(o] referring to wciTrep, i.e. ourw iroLOVjxÔa, wairep 01 eis ra?

8. dvayK. at^ty/A. (7ro(o{;VTat or Troioii/ro ai/), * tO make peace on

conditions fit only for those who ', etc.

§ 56. (T)(e.T\ui>TaTov\ 'most intolerable': cp. Philipp. § 103,

p. 105, o-xerXtwraTo?, 'most heartless': or. xviir. § 35, Ae'êtv ws

Setvd Kat (TyirXia. TrdacjaL, 'monstrous and cruel things'.

^tXoTTovojTaroi] ' most laborious': referring to the military and

athletic exercises of the Spartans. Cp. Arist. Fol. v. [viii.] 4. § 4,

cTi o avTovi\oTrovLaL<;, vTrepiôvTa<; twv uXXwi/, vuv Se Kat rois yv/xvacn'ois Kat

Tots TToXejiiiKOts aycoo"t XctTro/xeVovs kripiav. Isokr. or. I. § 40, Treipw

Tw/jicv

CTw/xari cirat <îXo7rovo?, t^ Se ^'U)(JI ^tXdcro<ô?. But ofliterary industry as opp. to physical effort, Epist. viii. § 5, Swpcwv

d^Lovai Tovs €v Tots yvfx.viKoi<; aywfjt KaropOovvra'; fiaXXov rj tovs tt^

<f)povrj(rei koi tt) <)!)tXo7rovi'a Tt tojv ^pTjcrt/xcov eupi'cTKOVTa?.

wv Ktti TTOLtja-acrOat, k.t.X.] 'worthy of any [xai] mention'

Thuc. I. 15, Kara y^v 8e TroXe/Aos, oêv Tt? /cat Swa/xt? (a.ny po7e'er)

TrapcyevcTO, ovSet? ^vviarrj : IV. 48, ov yap en rjv viroXonrov rajf

kripMV o Tt Ktti a^toXoyov.

ttTra^ i^TTT/êVTes] by the Thebans under Epameinondas at

Leuktra, 371 B.C. : cp. § 10 of this speech, el SL-.Trporjo-ofxedd tl twv

T]p.€Tepu)V auTojj', /SeJSaiojcrofiev Tcts ©rjfSaLOiv aXaôvetas kol ttoXv (TC/a-

vorepov rpoTraiov tov Trepi AevKTpa...(TTy](TO[X€v Ka6 yfiuiv avrwv,

/itas ela-jSoXrji^ At this time (366 B.C.) Epameinondas had

thrice invaded the Peloponnesus—in 370, 369, 367 B.C. But he

had invaded LakoJiia only once

—in

370B.C. The next invasion

of Lakonia occurred shortly before the battle of Mantineia in

362 B.C.

TTws S' ai/...at/TapKe(Tetai'] 'And how should such men \i.c.

those who succumb to a single reverse] hold out against prolonged

ill fortune?' Svo-Tupôui'Tes implies ct "^varTvyolev, but is in close

connexion with dvTapKea-eiav.

§

57. MecrcrrjvtW] 'Who would not reproach us, if, when

the Messenians stood a siege of twenty years in defence of this



298 SELECTIONS. [IsoK rates

territory, we should resign it so hastily under a treaty?' The

TToXiopKia is the siege of Ithome in the first Messenian War,743—723 B.C., ace. to the legendary chronology. Cp. § 27 8ia

TerpaKocrtwv erwv fjLeXXovaL KaroiKi^dv, they propose to restore

Messene after the lapse of 400 years : where tplukoo-lwv would

agree better with the common tradition that the Second Mes-

senian War ended, and the conquest of the country by Sparta was

completed, about 668 B.C. Affic Orators, 11. 197—9.

Koi ixTjSe Twv Trpoy. /xvr/crêtTj/Aei'] '

and should not even mentionour ancestors' i.e. should not once recall their laborious con-

quest of Messenia : /u>t 'remember', which would be /i.e/x.v/x€â

(or jJLe/xvyjfxeOaj.

XI. APEOnAriTIKOS. [Or. vii.]—As a picture of the older

Athenian Democracy this discourse supplements the Pimegyrikos.

Thelatter

describes theexternal

relations of Athens in her greatdays ; the Areopagitikos, her inner life.

In this speech Isokrates contrasts the Athenian Democracy

as it existed in the middle of 'the 4th century B.C. with the Demo-

cracy of Solon and of Kleisthenes (§ 16). He dwells chiefly on

two features of the elder Democracy :— i. the preference of

election (atpco-is) to ballot (/<Xi7p(Dcri9) in the appointment of state

officers, §§ 22 ff. ; 2. the supervision of public morals exercised

by the Council of the Areiopagos : §§ 36— 55. It is owing to

the prominence of the latter topic that the speech has been called

'ApcoTrayiTtKo?. It is cast in a deliberative form. Isokrates sup-

poses himself to have given notice in writing to the prytanes of

an intention to speak ' On the Safety of Athens ' (TrepI o-wrv/ptas

Trpoo-oSov aTToypdij/aaOaL, §§ I, 15); and to be now urging in the

ekklesia, a» absolutely necessary to the welfare of the city, the

restoration of censorial power to the Areiopagos (cp. § 84). Like

the Dd Pace (Or. viii.), this speech was not delivered, or meant

for delivery, in the Assembly. The deliberative form was adopted

merely for the sake of giving greater life and impressiveness to

the pleading.

The date is to be inferred from five indications:— (i) There

was now peace on the frontiers of Attica (ra Trepl T-qv x^po-^'), and

a confident sense of security at Athens, §§ i

—3:

(2) The Athe-

nians had 'lost all the cities in Thrace', (§ 9): (3) had spent



p. Ill] NOTES. 299

more than 1000 talents on mercenaries, ib.: (4) had got a bad

name

mHellas and incurred the enmity of Persia, § 10 :

(5)

had

been forced 'to save the friends of the Thebans' and to lose

their own allies. The latter half of 355 B.C. is the date to which

these indications seem to point. (See Aftk Orators, 11. 202 f.,

where the question of the date is examined in detail.)

The powers exercised by the Areiopagos before the reforms

of Ephialtes were of two kinds, definite and indefinite. The

definite powers were: i. A limited criminal jurisdiction: 2. the

supreme direction of religious worship, especially of the cultus of

the Eumenides. The indefinite powers were : i. A general super-

vision of all magistrates and law-courts : 2. a general guardianship

of the laws, with the right of protest (though not of veto) when

proposed new laws conflicted with old : 3. a general control of

the education of the young : 4. a general censorship of public

morals : 5. competence to assume, in emergencies of the State,

a dictatorial authority.

The definite powers of the Areiopagos were never at any

time taken from it. But Ephialtes abolished almost wholly the

indefinite powers. It is for the revival of these—especially of

(3) and (4)—that Isokrates is anxious. While it possessed these,

the Areiopagos had been the strongest influence, though mainly

a negative influence, in the State; it had been able to impress

a conservative character upon the whole civic body. Deprived

of these, it was merely a criminal court of narrow competence.

Its connexion with what was most venerable in the old religion,

and the high standing of its individual members, still secured

to it, indeed, a large measure of respect. Isokrates speaks of the

good influence which, even in his own day, wrought on those

who became members of the college. But politically the Areio-

pagos was now powerless. The plea of Isokrates for a restoration

of its strength is strikingly illustrated by the protest of Aeschylos

against its enfeeblement. It is not on any well-defined function,

but rather on those prerogatives which, being vague, were bound-

less, that orator and poet alike insist :

Here, on the Hill of Ares,

Once seat and camp of Amazons who came

In anger against Theseus, and defied

From their new ramparts his acropolis.




And poured blood unto Ares, where is now

The hill, the rock of Ares—in this place

Awe kin to dread shall hold the citi-:ens

From sinning in the darkness or the light,

While their own voices do not change the laws.

St * * * *

This Court, majestic, incorruptible,

Instant in anger, over those who sleep

The sleepless watcher of my land I set.

Attic Orators, ii. 202 : 211.

§§ 36-55-

§ 36. yeyei^r/ju-eVa?] I believe this to be the true reading, and not

ytyvo/xeVas (= at lyiyvovTo, adopted by Benseler from the Urbino

ms.), because the perf. better expresses the feeling of Isokr. that this

glorious chapter of Athenian history was closed. The Trpaêis are

the political and social life of Athens under the Old Democracy,

and before the rule of the demagogues. Isokr. would date the

latter from the death of Perikles—regarding the administration

of Perikles as a transitional period, in which the deterioration,

moral and political, was mitigated by the personal qualities of

the leader: see esp. Z>e Face % 126, p. 109, 'n.€pLKXy]'i...Xa/3aji' tt^v

TToAir êtpov [lev c^poi'ovaav...€TL S" aveKT<Zs 7roXLTevo[xevr]v, k.t.X,

KaXcj? Koi TO. TTpos (T(/)as avTOTJs ctx''^' '^•''•^•] ' were so happy

in their relations to each other [i.e. in their social and private

life], and in their administration of the Commonwealth '. Cp.

Thuc. II. 37, av€ira)^6<jj'i 8e to. tSia TrpoaofiiXovvTe'i to. Sr]fx6(na Std

Seos fxaXiCTTa ov 7rapavojU,oi)/x€v.

112 aacfiea-Tcpov] For the form cp. note on Panegyr. § 163, ippiofuve-

{TTepo)?, p. 265.

§ 37. eKuuot yo.p...r} TratSes ovre;] 'The preceptors of the

young Athenian's studies in that age were, indeed, numerous;

but it did not follow that, when he entered on man's estate, he

was allowed to do as he pleased ; rather he was subject to stricter

supervision just in the years of his prime than during his boy-

hood '. Affirmatively, the sentence would be : eV p.\v rais TraiSetats

TToAXoi)? Toiis imar. ilxôv, iireiSr] Sl...SoKifjia<j6ei.€V, e$rji', k.t.X. Place

the whole in brackets : prefix ovk : and we have the negative form.



pp. Ill, 112] NOTES. 301

This is due to the Greek love of symmetrical antithesis, and

therefore of co-ordinated rather than subordinated clauses. Cp.

Archidamos § 54, tot€ /xcV, k.t.X., note, p. 296.

TToA-Xoiis Tovs £7rto-r.] e.g. TraiSaywyo?, Ka.&orpi^ri% (teacher of

gymnastics), ypa/x/AaroStSao-KaXo?, apfi.ovtKos (music-master), etc.)

after the age of 17, the iirifjieXrjT al twv e(j>yjl3iov or crw</)povto-Tai,

(=the Spartan TratSoco/xot) : Herm. ^;//. iii. § 34. 6, § 35. 18.

£15 tti'S/Dtts SoKi/tao-^.] At 18 the £<^77/3os (ck 7rat8o)i/ iieXOwv)

passed his hoKCfxaata as such: at 20, his SoKijuao-ta ets avSpas

(aj/?;p

eli'ttt SoKinacOrjuuL, €is avSpas eyypaêcrâi) ; Herm. ^«/. I. § 121.

€(/ aurats rais aK/Aai?, /. d". just in those years of early manhood

when passion is strongest: cp. Antid, § 289, p. 89, eV TavVais...

Tais (XK/xats Glares VTrepeiSov ras J^Sovas iv ats 01 ttXcicttoi /xaXtcrT*

auTcov iTndvfJLOvcriv.

rrjv (r(D4>poa~vvr]v—t^s cv/cocr/xtas] 'sobriety'—'decorum'. Cp.

Aeschin. In Ctes.§

2 (in reference to Solon's regulations Trepi py]TQ-

pwv €UKocrju.ias) : the oldest citizen was to speak first, o-wt^povws ctti

TO Py/xa irapeXOwv avev Oopvôv koX rapa^rj'?. Dem. J^. L. § 25 1, £(^77

Tov SoAwra avaKeicrât t^s twv totc 8r]iJir)yopovvT(iH' crw^pocruj'vjs

TrapaSety/ta, cto-co ttJi' X^^P"- '^X'^^'^^dvaP€J3Xy]p.€vov (with his cloak

drawn round him, and his hand within the folds). See Attic

Orators, i. 25.

rj<;...Tois KaXiZs ycyovoVr] 'membership of which [rj<;, sc. t^s

c| 'Apetou Trayou /3ovAt7s] was possible only for the well-born'. If

KaXojs yeyovoa-iv is pressed, this is true only of the pre-Solonian

time when the Areiopagos was confined to the Eupatridae : since

Solon's reforms opened the archonship to the Pentakosiomedimni,

and past archons (unless rejected at their evOvvaL on laying down

office) ' went up' to the Areiopagos. Herm. Ant. i. § 109 : Grote

III. 162. But no such clear distinction is present to Isokr.'s mind,

who is thinking only of the broad contrast between the old aristo-

cratic Republic and the later Democracy. KaXcos yeyovo'rcs cannot

be explained as merely = Ka9apw<; yey., 'of pure Attic parentage'.

o-wcSptwv] 'assemblies'—-a general term: cp. Nikokles § 19,

p. 75 ; Antid. § 38, ovt iv rots o-vvcSptois (Boule or Ekklesia)

cuTc 7r€pi ras avaKpiawi (preliminary law-proceedings before the

archon) our' liu, rots Schacrri^ptots ovre. Trpos Tot? otatTTjrai?.

§ 38. Twv Trepi Tt)v alptcnv, k.t.A.] 'when the safeguards of




flection and of scrutiny have fallen into neglect'. In § 22 Isokr.

had said that the Athenians of yore w/cow tt^j/ ttoXiv, ovk ii aTrdvTwv

Ttts a.p^d<; KXr]povvT€<;, aAAa tous /SeA-Ttcrrous Kai tov? LKavonaTov^

€(f)€KacrTov rcov epywi/ -n-poKpivovre^ : and goes on tO speak of

the risk run by to Xayxavctv and y KXtjpwo-Ls (ballot for office).

Tlie substitution of ballot (kXt^pwo-is) for election (aLpeat<;), in the

case of the nine archons, prob. dated from Kleisthenes. The

aTparriyoL, at least, and the ra/xtas (steward of the Treasury)

always remained aiperot. As regards most other offices, ballot

was prob. substituted for atpecris about 478 B.C. But the term

atpeo-t?, in its general sense, included KX?;pa)cns as well as atpecrts

in the special sense (x^LpoTovta) : so Kvd/xoi'; alpeLaOai, Lucian

Vif. Ai/cL 6. Here Isokr. is thinkwg of ballot as a mis-

chievous substitute for yiiporovia : but the icord atpecrtv prob. =

merely ' mode of selection'.—8o(ctp,ao-ta, the scrutiny, before the

fSovXi], of those who had drawn the lot to be archons : including,

here, the idea of the (.vOvvai on retirement also.

aiâ/jwcriFj Cp. Plut. Pericl. 9, St' avrwv [rwy dp^^wv] o\ SoKi/xaa-

6ivTi.<i dvi/Saivov els "ApeLov irdyov (which was rj dvio /SovXrj) : below,

§ 46, avrjyov.

Tj5 (jivcrei y^prjaOai] ' to indulge their propensities '.

cjid(3ov...iv T(3 ToVw] Cp. Aesch. Eumen. 659, nerpa Trayos t

Apetos" iv 8e Tw cre(3a<;|

acrToJi/ (f)6j3o<; re ivyyevrjs to p.^ dSiKexv|

crîj-

<J£L, K.T.X.

§39. T171/ Stj TOLavTr}v...dXXy]X(j)v] ' Such then, as I have

said[§ 37], was the Council to which they committed the care

of good order ; a Council which deemed those men ignorant who

suppose that the best characters are produced in the communities

whose laws^âre framed with the greatest precision; since (they

felt) there was nothing to hinder all Greeks being on the samelevel, so far as concerns the facility of obtaining written codes

from each other'.—TT/r T0LavTy]v...7], = o'la (cp. Lys. or. xiii. § 13,

fiofe, p. 214): the omission oi ôvXijv helping to personify the

influence. ivTav6a, — lv rovrot?, anteced. to Trap' ols. KeLp.cvoL,=

perf. pass, of tlOiijxl: cp. vTreKK€ijj.eva, Aegin. § 18, p. 117.

uyi/oeiv — ayi'cop,oi'as cTi/at.—oiSev ai' KUiXveiv, oblique either of dv

cKwXvev (nothing 7<;'^;//c/ hinder, whereas something docs), or kimXvol dv

(would conceivably hinder) : better taken as representing the latter.



pp. 112, 113] NOTES. 303

§40. aAAa yap...7rai8€uôjcr(.v] 'But in fact (the Council

knew) it is not by such things tliat virtue is promoted, but by the

pursuits of daily life; since most men retain the impress of the

particular habits in which they have been educated '. n-aihi.vOwcnv

av, vivid for TraiSeu^ctev, in spite of ivofitêv, on which the whole

oblique discourse depends : cp. Goodwin § 74. i. iTrLTTjSevixdraiv :

Thuc. II. 37 Twv KaO' TQixepav Ittlt.: cp. Antiph. Tetr. B. y8. § 10,

note, p. 154.

cTTctTa ye 7rX7?^7/...ai/a/<a^.] 'For the number and precision of 113

the laws (the Council held) is a sign that the city in which they

exist [ra-urr;!/] is ill administered; since it is in the attempt \_pfc's.

part.] to erect barriers against crime that such a community

[avrovs] is compelled to multiply its laws '. TrXrjOr]—a/cptêms :

for the plur. see Aiitid. § 283, note, p. 257. TtdeaOaL, of the

legislator who is bound by his laws : TiOivat, of one who legislates

only for others: KelaOai, of the laws themselves. Dobree cp.

Tac. III. 27, corruptissima re publica plurimae leges.

§ 41. Tots (TToa? ifj-TTLTrX. ypa/x/xaTwv] ' to cover the walls of

their porticoes with statutes'; Andok. De Myst. §85, iSoKLfxaaOqaav

fjikv ovv 01 vojXOL, Tov<; 8e KvpwOivra? aviypaâv €ts ttJi/ (ttoolu (/.(?. the

o-roa /3ao-tAetos in the Agora). The i/f^'îcr/xa cited there directs,

TOWS 8e Kvpovfiivovs tmv vofxoyv avaypd<j)eLi/ cis tov tol)(OV, LvaTrep

Trporepov aveypacprjcrav, aKonelv tw (3ovXoixevu). So here aKpi(S(jJ<s

dvayeypafjiiJievovs = ' posted up ', '

promulgated\ in strict terms.

KoX Tots ciTrAcos /cetjaeVot?] ' even those laws which are conceived

in simple terms '—opp. to aKpt^ws, /. e. with less attempt to define

rigorously a number of special cases. Cp. Lysias Iii. Theoinn.

§ 7, note, p. 225.

§ 42. 8t' wv—ef wi/] Sea^' by what means':— l^—'on

[starting from] what principles'.—Trapao-Kemcrovo-t, 'contrive', often

in a bad sense, of intrigue: cp. Lys. In Agor. § 12, p. 57, e/<aW

OLKacTTrjpiov 7rapacrK.evaaavTe<i.

TO 8e Trept Tcts Tt/xtoptas] ' but that to press for retribution is the

province of personal resentment': i e. the affair of the injured.

Cp. Lysias /n Eratosth. § 2, Trporepov [xlv yap eSei rrjv f.)(9pav tous

KaTT^yopovi'Tas e^tSeiât, k.t.X., where see note, p. 201.

§ 43. Tapa)((ji'îcFTara 8ia/<:.] 'subject to the most unruly pas-

sions': cp. § 37, 7lote on £is afSpag SoKt/xacrêiei/.




cV ftoVot?...€i^t(r/x€Vovs] 'for to such labours only \sc. rots ras

rjSurdêx<>v(Ti], they

saw,would

thosebe

constant,

who hadreceived a liberal education and learned to cherish a high spirit '.

ifxfjiuvaL av, oblique of ijXfX€LV€iav av.—For fieyaXochpoveiv we ought

perhaps to read fiiya (ftpovelv. Isokr. has juteya ^poveTv in seven pas-

sages : or. II. § 30 : in. §§ 35, 39 : iv. §§ 81, 132 : ix. § 45 : x. § 35 :

but [xeyaXoffipovelv only here. The only other place in a classical

writer where yacyaXoc^poveiv has strong ms. authority is Xen. Hcllen.

VI. 2 § 39, where Cobet would read /xe'ya (f)povovvTo<;, and G.

Sauppe gives /AcyaXa <jipovovvTo<;. In Plat. Protag. 342 D, and

Alkibiadcs i. 104 c, it is merely an ill-attested variant. In later

WTiters, however (though Pollux iii. 114 seems to condemn it

altogether), \i^yoXo^povCiv is not rare : e.g. Plut. Ages. 30, Joseph.

Ajit. XIX, 7. 3, Aelian Var. Hist. xii. 22. Cp. Cobet N. L. 269,

340, 643, Lobeck Ai. 443.

§44. ai/a)ju,aXajs...€xovTas] 'owing to the disparity of their

circumstances': ra Trept rbv îov — rriv ovaiav : cp. § 45 (3lov

LKavov KCKTrjfievov^.

Tas ycwpyta?, k.t.X.] Note the six plurals: see Antid. § 283,

tiote, p. 257.

Tas d-TTopLas fiiv, k.t.X.] This form of KXi[xa^ (gradatio, as-

census) was specially called iTmrXoKT], catejia : cp. Dem. F. L.

§ 179, ovK etTTOV \x\v TttSra, ovk eypail/a 8e, otiS iypaij/a /xev, ovk

(.Trpi.aî.vcra 8e, k.t.X. Cic. Pfo Rosc. Am. 27. 75, /;/ urbe luxuries

creatur ; ex luxuria existat avaritia necesse est ; ex avaritia e7-uinpat

audacia, etc. Volkmann, Rhet. Gr. und Romer, p. 403.

114 § 45* ctTraXXa'êiv] that they would draw away [the youth,

Tors vewTcpors].

TCI yvp,vuo-ia toi Kwvr^ye'crta] not here' the gymnasiums ', but

'athletic exercises': Plat. Laches 181 e, (to Iv ottXois ixax^cOai is

good for young men) ©{iSevos yap twv yu/xvaatW (pavXoTfpov OL'8

iXaTToi TTovov ex^''' '^"' apa Trpocn/Kei iXevdepM fxaXiara tovto re to

yiijumo-iov Kai 7) l-mnK-i].—-tcx Kvvrjyicna: cp. the taunt of Aeschines

against Demosthenes, /n Ctes. § 255, TtVes vfjiwv elcrtv 01 fSorjOTjcrovT^^

Tw Arjjxocr6ei'€L ; Trorepov ot avyKvvrjyiTai rj 01 crvyyvfivaaTal avToi

OT -qv iv rjXLKia; aXXa fxa tov Ai'a tov OXyfJ-Tnov ov^ vs dypiov;

Ki'FijycTcov. . .StaycyeV^Tat.



pp. 113, 114] NOTES. 30s

6pwvTi.'i\ 'seeing that by these pursuits [toijtwv] some are made

excellent men, and others are led to abstain from most vices '.

direÔfievov;, midd.

§ 46. oiuSe Tov XoLTTov xpovov^ ' neither did they neglect the

[citizen's] later years'; i.e. they continued to watch over his

adult life, as they had already watched over his boyhood and

youth (§37)-

Kwixa'i...8'i]lxovs] 'taking the city by wards (Kw/xai) and the

country by townships, they continued to supervise each man's

life': 8teXo/A€vot not necessarily implying that they were the

authors of such a division, but only that they took this division as

the basis of their systematic inspection. (Cp. Lys. /// Erat. § 7,

p. 48, StaXa/3di/r€s ras olKLa<;).—Kw/xai (vld), wards or quarters of the

town; at Athens prob, merely local divisions, without any further

political significance, Herm. Anf. i. § 11. 11 : the word perh. pre-

serving a reminiscence of the time before the crvi/otKicns ascribed

to Thes&us, Thuc. 11. 15. See Arist. E'oef. iii. 6, iv IleAoTrovi/T^'o-a)

[as in Lacedaemon] Kw/xas ras TrepioiKt'Sas KaXexv <â<riV, 'Ad-qvoLOL

Se Srjjxovs.—The division into 817/xot (pagi) was ascribed to The-

seus, and was at least much older than Kleisthenes. Plato, Laws

746 D, has ^parpt'as Kai SijfjLovi koI Koj/xas, where, however, Koj/â?

may be ' villages '. Isokr. seems to be the only writer who names

the city Kw/xat as parallel with the country SrjfjLOL-. cp. Herm.

Anf. I. § III. 4.

dvrjyovl Cp. § 38, dvaftuicn, note.

IvovOini—rjirdkei— cKoAaêv] 'admonished' (for a first of-

fence): 'threatened' {for repeated offences): 'punished' (the

contumacious).

Zvo TpoTTot] ' for they knew that there are in fact {rvyxavovaiv)

two systems, one of which impels men to ^vrong-doing, while the

other deters them from evil courses': ol koX irpoTpeirovTe'i koI

TrarovTcs = which respectively impel or deter. For ras aStKias and

Twi' Trovr^ptwv, where the antithesis required opposites, cp. Antiph.

De Caed. Her. § 87, note, p. 165.

§ 47. Trap' ots pXv yap. . . ras KaKorjOeia^^ The infins. SiacftOiL-

peaOaL . . . yiyveo-ât depend on ijTTLo-TavTo : cp. §§ 40—42 (depend-

ing on ivoixiêv in § 39).—Observe the double /xeV in the protasis

(Trap' oh p.eV, Trapa Tovrois p-ev, balanced by the double Se in the



3o6 SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

apodosis {oivov ?>(.... IvravOa hi). Cp. Dc Pace % 55, ols pXv yap...

avixf3ov\oL<i )(p<aix€9a, rourows p-î^ ovk a^Lovfxev êiporoveu',... ois 8

oiiSeis av (TVfjiliovXeva-aLTo, tovtov^ 8'. . . €/c7r€/t7ro/x€v.

t'^tTv^'Xovs ytyi'ecrât] 'malignant tendencies gradually disap-

pear '. So Philipp. % 60, wcrre ixrjSiiru) vvv i$LT7]X.ov'5 etvai ras (rvfi-

<f>opa'S Tois 8t' CKeii/ov tov TrdAeôv (the Peloponnesian) ev rais TTo'Aecrtj/

iyy€yevr]ij.eva?, ' have not even yet been effaced '. Cp. Xen. Occ.

10. 3, el . .. 'rrop<pvpL8a<; i^CTTjXov^ ât'r/v dXr]OLva.s etvai, 'if 1 were

to say that sham [quickly /air////^'] purples were real '.

TO(TovTOV...eSeov . . \av6dvcivj Cp. Philipp. § lOO, TOtrovTO-u Set...

apûv, JWte, p. 282.

Tovs eVtSoôus a//.apT-7'o-ec7-6'ai] ;/(^7/,' those who were meditating

an offence', Init^ 'those on whose part an offence was apprehended'.

For this use, cp. Isokr. Epist. IV. § 6, twv eVtSo^wv 8ia(f)0apyjaea6ai

7rpayfjidT(Dv, ' the affairs which seemed likely to be ruined '. So

or. XX. § 12, Tot)S eTTtSofous yevyja-eaOai irovTjpov?. In ArcJiidaiiws

§ 8, eTTtSofos wv TT;;(€rv r^s rt/xrys TatjrTys, the sense is, ' being Jicir

presumptive to this dignity ' (the Spartan Kingship).

§ 48. o-Kipaêtois, K.r.\^ 'gambling-houses ' : cp. Antid. § 2S7,

note, p. 258. kv Tttis avXyjTpLCTLv, might = simply 'among', but

prob. ~ ' in their jârt of the town ', = eV rots aiXr/rptStots (Athen.

XII. 532). Cp. Kepaixeis as the name of a district or deme, Plat.

Prot. 315 D.

iv ots iraxOTjcra'.^ 'were constant to the pursuits to which they

had been appointed ' (by the paternal authority of the Areiopagos)

:

cp. above § 44, ovtms iKaa-TOL's TvpoaeraTTov. Each man was given

his Ta4-ts, his place in the ordered life of the city.

o-co^pocTijipTjs] ' sobriety ' (of demeanour) : see on t?)v crwc^pocru-

^W^ § 37-

115 § 49- ^'^ KaTrr^Xetci)] ' in a tavern '. KaTTT^Xos o ix€rd/3oXo<; [read

/xeTa/3oA.€i)?, huckster] koL olvoTrwX7]<;, Etym. M. 490. Athen. xiii.

21, YTrepeiOT^s iv tw Kara TlaTpoKXeov; tolis 'ApetoTraytras i^7]alv

apLCTT-qcravTa Ttra iv KairrjX^'na KwXvaai dviivai €6S "Apeiov Trdyov.

Cp. Plato, Laws 9180, -Kavra. Tu Trepi t?}v KttTnyXctav Kat iixiropLav Kal

TravBoKciav (inn-keeping) yei/i; 8Lal3i(3Xr]Tai re koI iv alaxpoU yeyovev

oveibecTLV.



pp. 114, 115] NOTES. 307

/3ci)/AoAox€veo-ât]' buffoonery ' : cp. Aiitid. § 284, toi)s juev -ye

B{)iwo\o\€voîvov<; koX o-kwtttciv koX fiL[x.aâr6ai, Suvajnevous eiK^veis

KttXowtv, and ?/t'/^, p. 258.

€urpa7reAoi;s] 'And indeed [8e, 'again',—to say nothing of

positive jSwixoXoxoi] the proficients in repartee and jest who are

now called wits were then thought warnings ' : ev<f>veLs—Svo-T^xas, a

Trapovoixaaia (cp. Panegyr. § 186, ^y]\xy]v ...\xvr]\x-i]v, n. p. 273). Arist.

Ei/l. II. 7. § 13, Trept 8e to -qhv to îkv Iv vratSta (playfulness) o /x,ev

fjiiao<; evrpoLTreXo^' ...1] S' VTreplSoXrj {3wixo\o)(La . . . o 8 cAXetVaJV

ctypot/cos Tts. ^///. IV. 8. § 10, o /ê'o-os... etV cTrtSc'^tos ctV

COTpaTTC/Xos [olov euTpoTTO?, /7^. § 3 : his mark is to e/x/xeXws TratXetv]

XeycTttf o 8e j3w[xoXo\o<i tjttwv ian toS ycA-oioi;, the buffoon cannot

resist the temptation to raise a laugh (even when the joke is coarse,

or will give pain) : he differs from the et'pwv, again, in jesting, not

for his own amusement, but for that of others {Rhet. iii. iS). On

the sense of €v>Tpa7reA.ta in Antid. § 296, see note, p. 260.

§ 50. KaTao-TaVei] * this state of things ' {not in a political

sense, ' constitution ').

Tots o'Xtyu) Trpo T/ju-wi'] alluding to the reforms of Ephialtes about

a century before (459 B.C.), by which the powers of the Areiopagos

were restricted : see introd.

§ 51. rys eVio-TaTov'cnys] 'While that Council exercised a

censorship'—referring to its general moral supervision : cp. Aesch.

Euvi. 659, ei;SoVTwv v-!v\p\

€ypr]yopo<; <^povpy]ixa,

8iK(3v. .. kyKXyjjxaTwv . . . eto-eôpwi/] (private) law-suits—(criminal)

indictments (kyKXruxaTa comprehending ypaâi and eto-ayyeXtai)

special war-taxes : the first two being parallel with Trei/tas, the

third with ttoXc/xwi/.

§ 52. Trapa Se t(2v\ Cp. Pancgyr. § 82, ToZs pXv yap ov)( vweicn

Trpaêts, Trpo? 8e toi;s ovk elaiu ap/xo'TTovTe9 Xoyot. Bernhardy, Sy/it.

p. 310, truly remarks that this use is peculiar to Isokr. among the

orators, though not rare among other Attic prose-writers. d

Trdcrxoicv : they would say, ayaTTw/xei/ idv [xi]Slv Trdaxoyixev.

Toiya'pToi] 'Accordingly' : the notion is, 'And so, sure enough'

—as might have been expected from these precautions.

KaTacTKevdsi] 'establishments'. Thuc. 11. 65, KaXd KTruxara

Kara rrjv j^wpav olKohojuaL<; r€ Kal TroXvTeXeaL KaraaKevals airoX<a-

AcKOTcs. So Perikles speaks of the country-houses and lands as



3o8 SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

KTjirwv Koi iyKaXXwiriaixa ttXovtov, ib. 62. Deiiiosthenes touches

on the same topic in Olynth. iii. § 25 f., tStu S' ovtih crw<^poves iyo-av

KoX acf)68pa iv tw Ty<; 7roXtT£tas "Ôet ixivovTe<i, so constant to a

republican simplicity, that the house of Aristeides or of Miltiades

is (eo-TtV, implying that it is still pointed out) no grander, o-e/x,-

voTcpa, than the house of the ordinary citizen.

116 § 53* Ta5 ^cwptas] 'spectacles'—including sacred processions

(TTo/ATrat), dramatic or musical contests (aywi/es) at the festivals,

etc. Cp. Panegyr. § 45, (7^' ttoAis, Athens) $ea.[j.aTa TrXeto-ra Koi

KaWiara KiKTrjrai, to. [xev rais SaTrdvafi virepfSoiXXovTa, ra oe Kara.

TttS Te;!î'as evSoKifiovvTa. For O^wpia, cp. ib. § 44, TravTcs lirl ttjv

a(fi€Tepav dewptav tJkovctl, (knowing) that all come to see ^/lem (the

athletes). So, too, or. xix. § 10, ovre Ova-Lav ovre Oewptav (spectacle)

ovT uAXt/v eoprrjv ovBep-tau xoipl<; dXXtjXojv rjyofxev. On the Other

hand, in or. xvi. § 34, rrjv Bewpiav has the technical sense, a

sacred mission (to a festival).

Xopr;yias] 'rivalries in the equipment of choruses' (for the

festivals). Lysias speaks of two such x'^p-qyiai together costing

about p^2oo (or. xix. § 42), and of another which cost about

;!î20 (or, XXI. § 161). The dveXevOepo<;, or mean man, is apt,

viKTjcra'i TpayvjBoL'i Taiviav ^vXivr]V avaOelvai rw Alovvcto} (a WOoden

scroll instead of a tripod) ; Theophr. xxii. (= xxv. in my ed.,

where see note p. 251).—aXaôvetwv, 'forms of pretentiousness '.

i$ wvirep, k.t.X.] ' It is by these tests [the every-day circum-

stances of the average citizen] that we must distinguish a solid

prosperity from a social system of vulgar display' : (ôprtKUJs—the

profuse ostentation on great occasions, combined with sordid

meanness and misery in daily life.

§ 54. oTttv LSr]...ov (ôvXojxai Xeyctv] 'When he sees many

citizens drawing lots in person outside the law-courts for a doubt-

ful chance of daily bread, while their dignity prompts them to

feed any Greeks who will row their ships for them,—leading the

dance in gold-spangled raiment, and passing the winter in

garments which I decline to describe '. iv oU ov /5ouXo/xat Xeyeiv

(avTovs x^'/^ci^cti') : the simple ots would have been by attract,

for^.

KXr\pov\x.ivov<i\ casting lots in the morning for employment as

dikasts during the day : Trcpl Tt3v avayxatW, because on this



pp. 115, 116] NOTES. 309

depended the fee, rpiwôXov. iW lôva-iv ctre fx-Q, (casting lots,

to see) whetherthey are to have to. dvayKOLa or not.

—Every year600 members of each <f>vX7] were chosen rjXiaa-Tat by lot, thus

constituting a body of 6000, of whom 1000 formed a reserve.

The other 5000 were divided into 10 sections of 500 each. On

the morning of each day when the courts sat, lots were cast to

determine which court should be assigned, for that day, to each

section. In some cases only part of one section was employed;

in others, two or more sections sat together,—the number of

dikasts in a court ranging from 200 to 1500 or even 2000. The

courts were assigned by lots to the dikasts (tc3i/ StKao-TT^piW eViKc-

KXrjpwixivwv, Dem. Adv. Pantaen. § 39), Each dikast received a

ticket (crvixjSoXov—not mvaKiov, which denoted the tablet given to

each of the 6000 heliasts of the year), and a staff, (âKTTjpta, of the

colour which distinguished the court in which he was to sit (o/ao-

Xpoos T<3 SLKacTTrjpLw, schoL Ar. Vesp, mo). On presenting his

ticket, he received his day's fee from the KwAoxpeVat.

A// who ' drew lots before the law-courts ' were already heliasts.

The only uncertainty was as to whether they should be employed

on that particular day. And this is the very point of the passage.

The dikast's fee, wretched as it was, had actually become the

main-stay of citizens who were living from hand to mouth. Cp.

Isokr. Z)e Pace § 130, p. 109, tovs o.tto tQ>v SiKaoriypi'wv âJvras ;

and Antid. § 152, where he says that he should have beenashamed ' if, having enough of his own to live on, he should stand

in the way of those who were compelled to Jive by the law-courts

{ivTOiOiv) and to receive the dole of the state '. Hence the power

oi the (TvKOffidvTai,—the men who got up law-suits to enrich them-

selves and to make work for this hungry mob.

aûawTtts] in contrast with airous : the citizens, who ^/lem-

selves have to struggle for bread, are too proud to row their own

ships. In the early years of the Peloponnesian War Athens

employed ^kvoi vav/Sdrai (Thuc. I. 121), but the commanders

(KvêpvyTai) and the hoplites on board (eTrt/Sarat) were usu.

citizens. When the soldiers were also the rowers (as in a rare

emergency) they were called avrcperat (Thuc. iii. 18). The Pen-

takosiomedimnoi and Hippeis rarely served even as eTrtârat

.(cp. 3. 16). Isokr. is not coniplaining of the citizens for not

J. 21




serving as rowers : he merely notes the contrast between their

penury and their sense of dignity.

ypp^-iovTa%—êtjuaôvra?] A Trapovofiacria, like cvk^dcis—Svcttv-

X^h, § 49. Antiphanes, the poet of the Middle Comedy (flor.

about 380—330 B.C.), was exactly contemporary with Isokr. ; and,

in the passage quoted by Athenaeus iii. 62, he thus describes

the uncertainties of human life :

ocTTt? a.vOpwTTO'i oe (^VS

JcrâAe's Tt KTrj[Ji virapx^LV t<3 ySt'w Xoytêrat

7TXa.(TT0V TjâpTrjKev. y yap elacjiopa tis rjpiraKe

TOLvSoOev iravT ' i] olkyj tis TreptTrfcrojv aTrojAero'

7] (jTpaTiqyr](ra<i Trpoa(j)(f)Xev' i] xfpyjyo'i alpe6eL<;,

LfxaTLa XP^^^ Trapatrôji/ tw ôpw, paxos <ôptl.

§ 55. Tots iirLTTjS. KOL Tois avTMv €7riyu,eXe6'ats] 'by their pursuits'

[the intellectual or physical exercises mentioned in § 45, as dis-

tinguished from the agricultural or commercial labours assigned

to the poorer] 'and by the careful watch kept over them' : avT<Sv,

T<Zu vcwTcpwv, not Twv eTTtTT/Sev/AaTwi/ : the V. 1. avTwv would mean

'the care exercised by themselves' (the Areopagites).

Tous Se 7rp€(r/3vTepov';...Tab's Tifxals] Isokr. tacitly refers to

a time when the archons and other officers were chosen by

Xii-poTovM, not by KX?fpu)crts, since selection by /of destroyed the

prerogative of age : see § 38, twv irepl ttjv aipeanv, k.t.X.

117 XII. AiriNHTIKOS. [Or. xix.]—The six forensic speeches

of Isokrates which are extant cover a period of about ten years,

403—393 B.C. The speech Against Euthynus (xxi) maybe placed

in 403, immediately after the restoration of the Democracy; that

Against Kallimachos (xviii) in 402 ; the De Bigis (xvi) in 397

or 396 ;the speech Against Lochites (xx) in 394 ; the Trapezitikos

(xvii) and Aeginetikos (xix) in the second half of 394 or early

in 393-

In his later writings Isokrates nowhere recognises this phase

of his own activity. He speaks with contempt of those who

write for the law-courts, and emphatically claims it as his own ij

merit that he chose nobler themes. It may have been partly'*

the tone of such passages which emboldened his adopted son

Aphareus to assert that Isokrates had never written a forensic

speech. This statement is decisively rejected by Dionysios,



pp. 1 1 6, 117] NOTES. 311

who concludes, on the authority of Kephisodoros, the orator's

pupil, that Isokrates wrote a certain number of such speeches,though not nearly so many as Aristotle had reported. The

modern hypothesis that Isokrates composed the extant forensic

orations merely as exercises (/AcXerai), not for real causes, is

another attempt to explain his later tone. But these later ut-

terances merely mean that Isokrates regarded his former work

for the law-courts as an unworthy accident of his early life,

previous to the beginning of his true career. Nowhere, be it

observed, does he deny that he had written for the courts, or

that, to use his own phrase, he had been a doll-maker before he

became a Pheidias. He only says that his choice, his real calling,

lay in another direction. Attic Orators, i. 7 f.

The Aeginetikos is so called because the case to which it re-

fers was tried in Aegina,—probably, to judge from the indications

in §§ 18—20 and 36, at the end of 394 or early in 393 b.c.

Thrasylochos, a citizen of Siphnos, one of the Kyklades, hadat his death left his property to the speaker, whom he had pre-

viously adopted as his son. The speaker's right to the inherit-

ance is disputed by a daughter of the testator ; and the speech

is in answer to her claim (eTrtSt/cao-ta). The case is tried at

Aegina, where the speaker had settled (KaroiKio-a/Aci/os, § 24)

before his death. Att. Or. 11. 217.

The narrative, of which the following passage is the chief

part, is briefly as follows. The speaker's object is to show that

the will is not only genuine, but also just and reasonable, since

his own conduct towards the testator Thrasylochos had established

a strong claim. In the first place he had saved the very property

now in question. Thrasylochos and his brother SopoUs, citizens

of Siphnos, had, for security, placed the greater part of their

fortune in the neighbouring island of Paros. Paros was suddenly

seized by a party of democratic exiles, Parians and Siphnians,

led by one Pasinos. At the risk of his life, the speaker sailed by

night to Paros, and carried the endangered property back to

Siphnos. Presently the democratic masters of Paros attacked

and took Siphnos itself. The speaker—whose family belonged

to the aristocracy of the island, and had even given it kings-

was among those who were forced to fly. He took with him, not

only his own mother and sister, but Thrasylochos, who was then

2 I—




in weak health. The speaker and his family wished to remain

at Melos. ButThrasylochos entreated them to accompany him

to Troezen ; and, though they knew the place to be unhealthy,

they consented. The speaker's sister and mother died soon after

their arrival. He afterwards nursed Thrasylochos through a long

and distressing illness in Aegina. During that illness the half

sister of Thrasylochos, who now claims his property, never once

visited him ; nor, on his death, did she attend his funeral (§§ i6

33)-

§§ 18—27.

§ 18. Kttt Trepi êv tQ>v 7raXaiwv...£xeiv] 'The whole stOry of

the past would be long to tell : when, however, Pasinos seized

Paros, they [Thrasylochos and his brother Sopolis] happened

to have the greater part of their property deposited there for

safety in the hands of my Parian friends, as we believed that

island to be more secure than any other '. twv TraXatwv : the early

relations between the speaker and Thrasylochos, who had been

friends from boyhood (§ 10).—napov : in 410 b.c. the oligarchy

set up by Peisander during the rule of the Four Hundred was

deposed by Theramenes, who established a democracy in its

place (Grote viii. 159). The oligarchy was doubtless restored in

Paros, as elsewhere, after the final defeat of Athens in 405 B.C.

From § 36 of this speech it is clear that the speaker belonged

to the oligarchic party, and therefore that the exiles before whom

he fled were democratic. The democratic revolution, led by the

otherwise unknown Pasinos, may have been encouraged by the

blow dealt to Sparta—and at the same time to oligarchy through-

out Hellas—by the victory of Konon at Knidos in the autumn

of 394 B.C.—-{i7reKKei/x.£va, perf. pass, of weKTt^r//xt : cp. Thuc. I. 89,

hii.KO\x.'itpvTO ev6v<; o6ev VTreêOevTo [from Salamis, etc.] TratSas kol

ywaiKas koI ttjv Trepiovaav KaTafXKevijv : VIII. 31, ocra vTrefeKeiTO

avToOi T<2v KAaô/xeviwi/.—acrcâAws ()^îv : i.e. Paros was most likely

to resist an attack (showing that this was a time of general

trouble)—as it had baffled Miltiades in 490 B.C., Her. vi. 132 f.

c^êKo/i-icr' aurois] ' conveyed their money for them out of

Paros' [back to the neighbouring island of Siphnos—a distance

of about 20 miles].



p. 117] NOTES. 313

§ 19. l(l)povp^lTo\ 'for the coast (of Paros) was guarded, and

some of our exiles [democrats expelled by the oligarchs of Siphnos]

had helped to seize Paros '. avyKaruX. : cp. §18, KareA-aySev. So

Xen. Cjr. iv. 2. 42, rots (TvyKaTu\y]<^6cn, those who have helped

us to take (the camp).

direKTeivav auroxetp^s yevofievoi] ' slew with their own hands

(when Siphnos was subsequently taken, § 20). Cp. Isokr.

Paiiegyr. §111, tovs avTo'xcipas koX ôvia. Twv Kokirdv, 'the assassins

and murderers'. Archid. § 150, ov yap avro'xetpes ovretwi/

dyaOwv ovre twv KaKiov yiyvovrai, ' (the gods) do not give either

good or evil with their oivn hands to men, (but only implant the

ci/vota which leads to either).

§ 20. <\ivyr}€Tep(av auTwi/] genit. of 01 o-<^€Tepoi avrwv, their own

kinsfolk. Lysias In Agar. § 45, p. 64, 01 fxev yoveas a-4>eTepovs

avTwv Trpeo-ûras KaraXtTrovTes.

ovK -qyaTT-qa-a d...8vvr}6€Lr]v\ ' was not content with the hope

of being able' [the historical form of ovk ayaTrw eav SwrjOwi]. Cp.

Areopagit. § 52, p. 115, wcrr' dyaTrdv eKctVous el iJ.r]8iv en KaKov

irdaxouv.—eiSws, 'although I knew'.

o-wflcKo'/iio-' avT<2, K.T.X.] *I conveycd out of Siphnos, not

only Thrasylochos, but also my mother, my sister and all our

property'. Cp. § 23, t?}v fx-qripa rrjv IfxavTOv koX r-qv dSeXfjtyjv.

From Melos (§21) they removed to Troezen. The speaker's

mother and sister both died within 35 days after their arrival

(§ 22). Thrasylochos had subsequently removed from Troezen

to Aegina (§ 24), and there fell into the illness of which—after

more than a year—he died (tov jutv TrXela-Tov xpo^^v.-.e^ Sk fjiijva<;,

§ 24)-

§ 21. Ttt ixev Toivvv a.prin.iva...TrepiiiT€(jov\ 'Thus far, I have

spoken of services which, though they exposed me to risk, en-

tailed no loss [viz. his voyage to Paros for the money, Ktv8uveuo-a9

TTcpt TOV crwjuaTo?, § 18, and the escape from Siphnos] ; but I can

mention others by which, in obliging him, I brought the gravest

afflictions on myself.—aTreXavcra : cp. § 23, dyaOov d-TToXeXavKa.




' M-7X0V] Melos is about 12 miles s.w.s. of Siphnos : from

Melos it is a voyage of about 75 miles N.w. to Troezen on the

coast of Argolis—^just opposite the little island Kalauria (where

Demosthenes died—now Foro, Tropos, because the narrow strait

can sometimes be forded).

ju,cAXot/x€i'] ' that we intended ',—meaning the speaker, his

mother and sister : so below, 'iô^tv tJ/aiv.

118 fat oTt x^pl's e/x.oi5...'7rpay/xao-iv] 'and (representing, Xeywv)

that, without me, he will be utterly helpless in his affairs '. He

said, ovhlv 6^(0 : the fut. opt. in classical Greek being used only

to translate, after secondary tenses in oratio obliqua, a fut. indie,

of the direct discourse : Goodwin § 26, In ovk l-^w tl xprjcrofxai

or xpiHixaL (deliberative subjunctive) to-utw, rt is a cognate accus.

[not an adverb], = ovk l^^ riva xpetavxP'^y-'^'-

ôvrta, I do know

what use to make of this,—what to do with it. The phrase is

used colloquially to express helplessness or bewilderment : Her.

VII. 213, aTTope'ovTos §€ /SacriXeos o Ti )(py]aeTaL toJ iraptovTL Trpijy-

jLiari, not knowing what to make of the situation. Cp. Isokr.

Panath. § 106, SiapprjSrjv ypdij/avT€<; XprjcrOai, tovO o ti ctv airos

/SouAiyrai, 'on the express understanding that he should do with

them [avTots understood] whatever he pleased '.

§22. OVK 'd(t)67]fJi£v...Ka\...i\.y<ji9r}ixev] 'No sooner had we ar-

rived, than we were seized'. Cp. Panegyr. § 86, 01 8' ovk ecfiOrjaav

7rv$6p.evot Tov Trcpi tyjv 'Attlkt^v TroXefxov Ka.l...rjKov. Isokr. uses

t<^6aaa, (jiOdaaifxi, as well as €(})6r)v, but infin. ^^^vai, not cfiOdcrai.

Thuc. has both fjiOrjvai and <j)9daai : Xen. and Dem. €f)9daaL.

irapa fiiKpov ^XOov diroOaveiv] ' I very nearly died '. In

such phrases (Trap' iXdîcrrov, Trap' oXtyov, Trapa tocjovtov, etc.)

Trapa = ' beside ' in the sense of ' except ' : I came save for a

narrow margin—to death : the infin. depending on Trapa puKpov

7JX60V as = iKLvSvvevaa. In Her. IX. 33, irapa ev TrdXaiafxa eSpa/xe

viKav oXvp-TTLaSa, eSpafie is rhetorical for ^Xê :' he missed the

Olympic prize by nothing but a wrestling-match ' : /. e. he won two

of the first four contests in the TrivraOXov, but lost 'the odd event',

the wrestling-match (7701X17). In Aeschin. In Ctes. § 258, Trap'

owSei/ y\XQov aTTOKreimi = ' they all but put him to death ', ovStV

is rhetorical for fiiKpov—there was notJwig to spare.

TtV oiW^€...yvajp,>jv Ix^Lv...-^ 'what do you suppose my feelings

were?' Cp. Soph. Philoct. 276, ov Sr], reKifOV, iroidv fx dvda-Taa-iv



pp. 117— 119] NOTES. 315

SoKcts,I

auTwv fSefSwTMV, ii vTTVov aTrjvai Tore; Isokr. Plataik. § 61,

TTws O.VStareOeUv, k.t.X., 'how would they feel?'

§ 23. o%...riv\ = qui {ox qiwm) fuissem. Cp. Soph. Elcdr. 595,

ov8e vouêretv eêcTTL crc,|

^^ Tracrav 1175 yXwcrcraj/, and my note on

599. For this causa/ use of the relative, see Goodwin § 65. 4.

lx€ToiK€iv...<TT€p€cr6ai'\ * Hvc as an alien'. Lysias In Eratosth.

§ 20, p. 50, ovy^ ofioLois [xcTOLKovvras wcnrep avTol cTroXtrevovTO, ' better

resident aliens than f/iey were citizens '. (tov) o-Tepea-Oai Se tw;/

[masc] ' separation from my friends ' (in Siphnos) : = carere, not

a-TepeicrOaL, privari.

TcXeuTwo-as] Not TeXerTTjoraaas. He has related their death :

but now his thoughts go back to the month or more (§ 22) after

the arrival at Troezen, during which he saw them dying.

uTToXeXavKa] Note i\v& perfect, where aTreXavo-a (§21) might

have stood. It hints the speaker's confidence that the will cannot

be upset. Cp. Antid. §295, p. 91, r\ ttoXis >?/xa)v Sokci yeyevrj-

adai SiSao-KaXos, seems to be the established teacher.

§ 24. Tâ6evr]<Te ravT-qv rrjv voaov ii •^s]' took the illness of

which he died ' : ravT-qv, as opp. to the indisposition {dppoiaTia)

from which he suffered at the time when they left Siphnos, § 20.

—-qadivqcre : for the force of the aor., cp. yjpie, ifiao-iXevae, ' caf/ie

to the throne '.

(US ovK otS' OS Tts, K.T.X.] 'as perhaps no one ever yet tended

another' : ovk 0T8' os rts — to-ws otiSeis, (cp. Jiaud scio an nemo ~for-

tasse nemo:) Eur. Afed. 941, ovk olS" av el Treio-at/xi, TreipaaOaL 8eXP''1'>

i.e. 'perhaps I may not persuade him, but I must try': ovk oTSa

£1 [=to-ws ov\ TreiaaifXL av. Cp. Goodwin § 42.

TOV {xev TrXetcrrov, k.t.X.] showing, in connexion with e^ p.yji'a?,

that the illness lasted more than a year.

§25. Twv o-vyyevuiv] 'And in this painful office not one of 119

his relatives thought proper to bear a part;

nay, not one of themeven came to visit him, with the exception of his mother and

sister, who only made matters worse, for they were ill when they

came from Troezen, so that they required nursing themselves '.

ovSeis >/|tW€v...aXX' ov8' d(f>LKeTo : aXXct here = 'naj'', 'what is

more' : the commoner form would he, ovSu<;. . .ovxottw? T^^tWe (not

only did not), dW ovK dcjjLKero {Init did not even...).— iirio-Keij/6-

fi.€vos. The Modern Greek for making a visit or call is eVto-KcVro-

jxai, a visit £7rtaKei/^ts, a visiting-card, iTnaKe-rrTijpiov.



3i6 SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

irkiov OoLTefjov iiroirja-av] ' made matters worse '. Oarepov = TO

KaKov. Soph. P/lil.

503,TraOeiv fxkv cS 7ra6i.lv 8e darepa : O. C.

1443, ravTo. y iv tw SaifiovL|

kol ttjSc (jivvai ^drepa, that they

should issue thus [i.e. happily] or otherwise. Dem. In Andrat.

§12, ocra TTcoTTOTe tyj TroXei -yeyovev 77 vvv ecrtv aya^d ^ Oarcpa, Iva

fjirjdev eiTTco cfiXavpov. Pind. Pyth. III. 60, Saijwcjv crcpos, where

schol., o KaKOTTotds, tos Trpos (rtj' contrasted wit/i) tov ayaOoiroiov.

ovK d-Tretirov oliS' aTrecrTT^v, k.t.X.] 'I did not lose heart, or

desert my post'. Cp. Philipp. § 85, p. 100, ov fxrjv dirocrTaTeov

icTTLv, I must not desist from my task. ivoat^Xevov, 'nursed him,

with the help of one attendant'. Anaxilas (Middle Comedy)

Ma'yetpoi (Meinek. Cam. Frag. 501), r'l auXeyeis; ixûSta; crvacri-

TLov (Mein. a-vaa-iTOv ovv) jaeXXets vocTTjXevetv oaov :' What ? broil

fish ?' (instead of more solid food) :

—' zv/iat invalid''sfare you are

going to give your mess !' voa-rjXua, the care of the sick, Plut.

Lykurg. 10, (a luxurious life) rpoTrov nva vocn^Xetas Kaîj/xepiv^s ti(.Q-

ixevrjv, in need, as it were, of daily nursing.

iKeiviov Oavixdîtv, ct fit]] cp. Lys. or. XXXIV. § 2, note, p. 191.

§ 26. OS l/ATTvos] ' for he had long been suffering from ulcers '

l/xTTuos (ttvov), pun's pknus, ifj-TT. ftda-L'?, the ' festering ' foot of

Philoctetes, Soph. P/i. 1378. o^ . . .^v = i-Tra. cKetvos -^v, the causal

use of the relative (Goodwin § 65. 4, cp. above § 23) : the

anteced. is Thrasylochos, the subj. of Sickcito.

§27. TO-vT ovSeva xpoôv SteXtTrev] 'And all this went on

without intermission ': SteXiTrev, intrans. : otiSeva -ôvov, accus. de-

noting duration of time, ' not for a moment '. Isokr. Panathen,

§ 5, ovhkva. StaXe'XoiTra yôvov Sta/3aXXojU,cvos, ' I have never for a

moment ceased to be slandered '. StaXetVetv is said also of the

interz'al which elapses, Thuc. iii. 74^ SiaXtTrorVr/s ij/xe'pas.

ovSe yap a-rnXOdv, k.t.X.]'

for I could not even quit him with-

out seeming neglectful,—a thing from which I shrank far more

than from the troubles which beset me ' : /. e. he could not endure

to pain the sick man.— 17 SoKetj/ ap-eXeiv, short for rj [or else, i. e. el

uTreXOotixL, if I sJlOuld go away] eSei [supplied Kar twoiav from otoV

T ^1/] 8oK€tv dixeXety, I could not but seem neglectful. The sen-

tence = eSei fx-i] direXOi'LV, i) [= el 8e /xr/] Sokciv d/xeXelv. Cp. Thuc.

II. 63, €tK0?...p,7; (fievyeiv tous ttovovs, rj [= ci 8f fxrj, i.e. if yoU do

shirk them] fi-qSe rds rifxas SnoKetv.



pp. 119, 120] NOTES. 317

XIII. AAEHANAPfil. [Epist. ix.]— In writing to Philip

of Macedon, who was not then at open war with Athens, Iso-

krates takes the opportunity of enclosing a letter to the young

Alexander. Philip was in Thrace or the Chersonese from May,

342 B.C., to the latter part of 339 B.C.; and, at some time after

his departure, appointed Alexander his regent in Macedonia.

But, when this letter was written, that arrangement had not yet

been made. Alexander, a boy of fourteen, is busy with his

studies. It was probably in this very year (342 B.C.) that Alex-

ander began to receive the lessons of Aristotle.

§ I. Trpos Tov Trarepa. . .ypd<f>oiv] referring, probably, to Epist. 11.

of the extant series, in which Isokr. remonstrates with Philip for

recklessly exposing his life, and urges him to intervene in the

affairs of Athens with the same prudence which he had just shown

(342 B.C.) in constituting the Thessalian tetrarchy : see Atîc

Orators, 11. 250.

TOV auTov...T07rov] The place is uncertain. Plut. speaks of

Alexander as aTroXet^êtS Kvptos Iv MaKcSovta Twj/ TTpayfiaTwv koI

T^s o-c^payiSos, when his father went against Byzantium : A/cx. c. 9.

Cp. Schafer, Dem. 11. 416.

Sta TO y^pas] aetat. 92.

§ 2. ^tXoo-oôs] 'fond of study': cp. Adv. Sophist. § i, note,

p. 246,

Tovs qfjifX-qKOTa'i avrdv] ' who have neglected self-culture ' : cp. 120

Antid. § 290, note, p. 259.

(TvvSLaTpLJSoiv—o-ryajSaXXwv] ' men by whose society you will not

be pained, and whom you can also take into your confidence on

affairs without hurt or injury'. ovk av XvTrrjO., i.e. these men are

not such buffoons, /SwjaoXo'xoi, as (ace. to Isokr.) it was then the

fashion to call wits, eixûets, but well-bred men : see Areopagitikos,

§ 49, 7iote,Y>- 307.—a-vjjbpdXXwv, usu. crvp.(3a\\6iJ.cvos (Xoyous), laying

counsels together, conferring: Plut. Apophth. Lac. 222 d, ws eyvw

orx otoV T elvat (jvp.â.\Civ avTw, to confer with him. The midd.

is more suitable when those who consult are equals; the act.

here suggests the prince bringing business before a council over

which he presides.

§ 3. T^v Trept ras eptSas] See on Adv. Sop/list. § I, and

introd. to it, p. 245.



3i8 SELECTIONS. [Isokrates

^rXeoi'CKTtKTyV] ' advantageous ' : on the good sense of TrXcovc^ta

:

see Antid. § 281, p. 87.

Tois tot) ttXt/ôus Trpoeo-Twcriv] ' the leaders of a democracy ' : cp.

Paiiegyr. § 172, p. 95, ot TrpoecrroiTes iîxoiv.

lxeLôv...(f)povov(Tiv^ Cp. Areopag. § 43, tous iXevdepois TeOpa/j.-

fiivovs Koi fx.€yaXo(}ipov€iV ci^tcr/xcVovs, ;/^/^, p. 304.

§ 4. ttJv TratSet'av ttJv Trept tovs Xoyous] ' the discipHne of those

discourses which we bring to bear on the acts incident to daily

life, and which aid us in the discussion of pubhc affairs'. Onthe Xoywv TraiSeta of Isokr., see Adv. Sophist, introd., p. 245 :

and Antid. introd., p. 253.

8o|aêi5...€7rto-T7;crei...Kpti'€ti'] Isokr. taught that it was impos-

sible to know (lTn(STy]p.y]v Xa^Civ) ' what is to be done or said

{Antid. § 271, note, p. 254), in the sense that the precise circum-

stances of a future situation cannot be foreseen : but that the

study of political questions (u7ro0ecreis...7repi twv kolvwv 7rpayp,aTwv,

i/?. § 276, p. 86) will form intelligent opinion, S6$a. He held,

further, that he who cultivates the art of persuasion will cultivate

aperr/, moral excellence, as a means to that end, id. § 278. And

so here he claims for his TratSeta that, through it, Alexander (i)

is already able to form intelligent conjecture, S6$a, about the

future : (2) that he will kno7e', when the time comes, the prin-

ciples of government iTnaTtjaei hinting that he would be at nodisadvantage as compared to the pupils of those who profess to

impart absolute IrrKTrrniy}, Adv. Soph. § 8, p. 81 : (3) that he will

be able to distinguish between justice and injustice, merit and

demerit i.e. will be a judge of ap^Trj. Cp. Nikokles § 15, p. 74,

at 8e fJLOvapîaL irXiicTTOv fikv vefJiovcri tw /JeATicrTa), k.t.X.

XIV. $IAinnni. [Epist. m.]—A letter written to Philip

of Macedon in 338 B.C., some time after the battle of Chaeroneia,

when Isokrates had completed his ninety-eighth year. It is thus

the latest of all his extant writings.

The genuineness of the Third Letter has been doubted (as by

Prof. E. Curtius Hist. Gr. v. 459) : but there seems to be no

ground, internal or external, for doubting it, except the difficulty of

reconciling it with the tradition that Isokrates committed suicide on

learning the tidings of Chaeroneia. [Dionys. Z>^/j'(?^/'. i. ; Paus. i. 18.



p. 120] NOTES. 319

8; Philostr. Vit Sophist. 1. 17. 4: Lucian (?) MaKpoj8tot§ 23 : (Plut.)

Vit. Isocr. § 14: Anon. Biogr.]. According to the usual account,

he was in the palaestra of Hippokrates at Athens when he heard

the news of the fatal defeat. He repeated three verses of Euripi-

des—verses commemorating three aliens who had been conquerors

of Greeks,—Danaos, Pelops, Kadmos—and four days afterwards,

on the burial-day of those who fell at Chaeroneia, he died of

voluntary starvation. Undoubtedly Isokrates regretted the struggle

between Athens and Philip : but the result of the struggle was

that the idea of his life—a Panhellenic war against the barbarian

had been made possible. The conduct of Philip to Athens after

Chaeroneia was studiously temperate and conciliatory ; there was

nothing in it to estrange Isokrates from his ideal leader, who,

having struck one necessary blow, was now bent on healing the

discords of Greece. It would be more easy to conceive that

Isokrates should have destroyed himself because he saw Athens

still resolved to resist, and could not support the anguish of a

divided loyalty. But, to my mind, the Letter itself leaves little

room for doubting that it was written after the conclusion of the

peace between Philip and Athens, and was taken to Philip by

Antipater on his return : see §§ i, 2. Cp. Schafer, Demosth. u.

seine Zeit, iii. 25. Attic Orators, 11. 31 f. : 255, 7iote i.

§ I. SuXixOrjv Kot Trpos 'AvTtVaTpov] Demades, who had been

taken prisoner at Chaeroneia, was sent by Philip to Athens as the

bearer of proposals for peace. The Athenian captives were to be

restored : Oropos was to be transferred from Thebes to Athens.

On the other hand, Athens was required to recognise Philip as

the military head of Greece. On receiving this message, the

Athenian Ekklesia sent an embassy to Philip, who was then

at Thebes. Among the envoys were Demades, Phokion and

Aeschines. They were hospitably entertained by Philip, andreturned to Athens with the message that Philip released the

prisoners without ransom, and would presently send, for interment

at Athens, the remains of those who had fallen at Chaeroneia.

Antipater, the young Alexander, and probably Alkimachos,

were the envoys who escorted these relics to Athens. By them

the conditions of peace were formally proposed to the Senate

and the Ekklesia. Demades then drew up a i/zTfc^tcr/xa by which

the treaty—known as ' the Peace of Demades '

—was finally




ratified. The 'conversation with Antipater', to which Isokr.

refers, must have been held on the occasion of this visit. (Cp.Schafer, Dem. iii. 19 27.)

121 /êra Trjv dprjvrjv] i.e. now that the peace between Athens and

Phihp has practically secured the recognition of the latter as the

chief of Greece. The Congress at Corinth soon afterwards re-

cognised Philip as -qytixuiv (t^? 'EXXaSos) koI Kara yrjv koX Kara

6dXaTTav, Polyb. IX. 33 : rjycfjuou avTOKpaTwp o"V/i,7ra(T7js rrj^ aXkr]<;

'EX\d8o<s...Tr]<; lirl tov Hepar]v o-Tparei'as, Arrian VIi.9. 5. So Dem.

£)e Cor. § 201, T/yc/Awv koX Kvptos 'QP^^'O ^'Xittttos a-ravTwv.

Iv TO) Xo'yo)] The tAt7r7ros—referring asp. to §§ 81— 104,

above, pp. 99 f.

§ 2. KaT eKelvov tov xpovov, 346 B.C., eight years before.

TOV dyiova tov yeyev.] The struggle decided by the victory of

Philip at Chaeroneia.

T-7S fiavCas] i.e. their mad strife with each other. Cp. Philipp.

§ 100, p. 104, Set Tors op^ws fSovXevofxevov; fiT] irpoTepov lK<îpiiv

Trpos fiacTiXea TvoX^fxov irplv av ^LaXXd^rj tis tovs "EAXiyvas ât

iravcry] 7175 /navias tt^s vvv aurots eveoTwcTTjs.

§ 3, iyd} 8' ovK elSevai . . .Toi'; crais eTrt^v/xiats] ' I reply [to these

questioners] that I do not know exactly how it is [i.e. whether the

project occurred Jirs^ to you or to me], since I had not conferred

with you before [i.e. before I sent you my Xo'yos, the <J>iAt7r7ros],

but ^h'nk that you had already made up your mind on the subject,

and that I have merely been the advocate of your own impulses '.

Disting. the J>/uJ>er/. from the per/, of the direct discourse: Isokr.

said to them, ovk 6i8a— ov avv€y€y€VT]fxy]v—oiofiai avTov iyvwKevai

(= oTi cyvcjKet), e/xe (or iyw) Se (TvveLprjKevai (= on crvveLpyjKa).

iirl Twi/ feuTtov TovTUiv] * to hold to these same objects ' : eVt

with the genit. expressing the ground on which he is conceived as

taking his stand : whereas liii roijrots would suggest rather a num-

ber oipoints or special conditions.

o5?...av yero/ieVtov] ws expresses the view present to their

minds : they think, ovk av yivoiTo, k.t.X. Goodwin § 113, note 10.

§4. dTr€Lpr)Kw<;] 'broken down'. In £pisf. vi., 'to the chil-

dren of Jason' {AUie Orators 11. 241), in

359B.C., Isokr. already

speaks of his age—he was then 77—as disabling him from under-



pp. 120— 122] NOTES. 321

taking a long journey : to /xt) hvvaaOai iv\avaa-6ai kcli to /at} irpiireiv

iinêvova-OaL Tots T7]\lkovtoi^,§

2.

ai.../x€TptoTi7T6s] *the virtues of moderation'; on the plur., 122

A/Ifid. § 283, nofe, p. 257.

§ 5. elXoiTeveiv] Cp. Pauegyr. § 131, koi tovt exo/xev auTots

(the Spartans) iirLTLfxav, on rfj fJLiv avTMV TToXet tous o/xopous eiXw-

re'veiv dvayKOLôvcrt, t<3 0£ koivw tw Ttov crr/iyLiai^cov ovSci' toioCtov

KaTacKCvaôvCTtv, eôv a^Tois Ta Trpos )7âs StaAvcra/xevov? aTravTas

Toiis /3ap(3dpov<; -TrcptoiKovs (in theSpartan sense,

i.e.

'depend-ents') 6\.rj<; T17S 'EXXaSos Karao-T^crat. A comparison of these two

passages might suggest the comment that, if the barbarians were

now to be the helots of Greece, the Greeks had become the irepcoi-

KOL of Macedon.

ttX'^v t<j)u <tol o-waywvtcr.] The Thracians, Illyrians, and other

mercenaries or foreign auxiliaries in Philip's armies.

6eov ycv€(rât] The clause ovSev yap tcTTat Xoittov

enirXrjv

dcovyevidOai should clearly be placed (as Dobree saw) after oti av

(TV Trpoo-TctTTT^s. It is in fact a comment on iqyov 8e to^' lûv dw-

7reppX.T]Tov avTrju, k.t.X.

§ 6. ve'os wv] Isokr. was prob. not much more than 45 years

of age when he l>cgan the Ilai/i^yvpiKo's : see introd. to it, p. 262,

—Ta fiev, the unity of Greece : Ta Si, the war against Persia.

ISAEOS.

IsAEOS : born circ. 420 B.C. : died circ. 350 B.C. Approximate

period of extant work : 390—353 B.C. Z/fe in Aific Orators, 11.

261—271.

Style. Isaeos has a twofold interest. He is the earliest Attic

master—not, indeed, of forensic rhetoric—but of strict forensic

argument. He also represents the final period of transition in

the history of Attic oratory, the transition from the studied

* plainness ' (a'cê'Xeia) of the Lysian school to the open triumph of

that technical mastery (SetvoV?;?) which reached its summit in

Demosthenes. We have seen that the peculiar significance of



322 SELECTIONS. [Isaeos

Isokrates is rather for literary rhetoric than for oratory. With

Isaeos, we return to the development of practical oratory : and

his place in this must be determined, first, by his relation to his

predecessor Lysias, secondly by his relation to Demosthenes.

Isaeos closely resembles Lysias in diction (A.eî?) : the qualities

of purity, conciseness, clearness, simplicity, vividness (ivdpyeia)

are common to both. In composition (o-wêcrts), on the other

hand, there is a marked difference. Lysias broke through the

rigid monotony of the earlier periodic style, replacing it by

one which was more flexible and various : yet, though his compo-sition as a whole has ease and variety, his love of antithesis

frequently gives too much stiffness and uniformity to the structure

of his periods themselves. Isaeos is exempt from this excessive

love of antithesis ; but, on the whole, his composition is distin-

guished from that of Lysias mainly by the stamp of conscious art.

In reading him we have a continual sense of trained and confident

skill. The more open and vigorous character of this art, as com-

pared with that of Lysias, is illustrated by the freedom with which

Isaeos employs the animated 'figures of thought' (or^yuara

Siai/otas), especially the rhetorical question (e.g. or. viii. § 28,

p. 143). This does not deprive Isaeos of ethical persuasive-

ness. Reasoned remonstrance, vigorous contention, just indigna-

tion, are powerfully expressed : it is only in the delineation of

the ingenuous youth or the plain citizen that he yields to the

veiled subtlety of Lysias. In the treatment of subject-matter the

contrast gains strength. Lysias is unusually content with the

simple four-fold partition, Trpooijxiov, Si-)]yr]cn<;, Trto-Tcts, cTTt'Aoyos.

Isaeos interweaves narrative and proof, managing his complex

material with manifold tactics,—doing everything with art, but

nothing by rule. Lysias seldom attempts more than a rhetorical

or sketchy nroof : Isaeos elaborates a complete logical proof: as

Dionysios says, Lysias speaks Kar iv6vfxr)ij.a, but Isaeos, koI Kar

iTrixîprjfxa [Atiic Orators, 11. 289).

'The oratorical power' (Scivorrjs) 'of Demosthenes', says the

same critic, ' took its seeds and beginnings {ra o-Trep/xara koX rcis

apxas, Isae. 20) from Isaeos'. This is true in the limited sense

that Demosthenes derived important hints from Isaeos (i) in

versatile arrangement of material, (2) in elaboration of system-

atic proof, (3) more generally, in that art of close and strenuous



p. 123] NOTES. 323

conflict, the art of grappling with the adversary's case point by-

point, which the Greek critics mean by dywviêo-âi, to Ivaywviov.

The two speeches of Demosthenes against Aphobos (363 b. c),

and the two against Onetor (362 B.C.), were written at the

time when their author {act. 22 or 23) was probably most under

the influence of Isaeos. The two speeches against Onetor

which exhibit the influence in its most mature form—are espe-

cially Isaean in this, that they end, not with an ordinary perora-

tion, but with a keen argument swiftly thrust home (Dem. Adv.

Onet. I. §§ 37 1<^ : 11. §§ 10— 14). On the other hand these

earUest speeches of Demosthenes have a thoroughly original

stamp. The Hnk between Isaeos and Demosthenes is chiefly

technical, depending on the essential continuity of Attic prose

expression as an art. It is also, in a narrower sense, personal,

so far as a vigorous intensity of logic was common to the intel-

lectual character of both. But that is all. The great achieve-

ments of Demosthenes are his own : so, too, the masterpieces of

Isaeos, in their own kind, bear a distinctive stamp of keen ability

and consummate art.—Cp. A^îc Orators, 11. 273—310.

On the Works of Isaeos generally, ib. 11. 311—368. The

striking characteristic of the extant twelve speeches is the con-

trast between monotony of subject and versatility of tone : the

form has its affinities at once with earlier and with later style.

Of the twelve, the three typical speeches are (i) the fifth, On the

Estate of Dikaeogenes—Lysian in the graceful and persuasive

management of narrative : (2) the eleventh. On the Estate of

Hagnias— Demosthenic in its unity of impulse and its victorious

mastery of technical resource : (3) the eighth, On the Estate of

Kiron—distinctively Isaean in its mediation between these types.

It is from these that the following extracts have been taken :

viz. I. or. v. 7r€/3t Tou AtKaioyeVous K\r]pov, i. §§ 7—24 (narra-

tive): 2.

^^^g

—47

(peroration).—II. or. xi. Trepl Tov'Ayviov Kkqpov,

§§ I— 19.— III. or. VIII. TTcpt TOU Ktpwi'os KXrjpov, §§ i—42.

I. nEPI TOY AIKAIOrENOYS KAHPOY. [Or. v.] ' On 123

the Estate of Dikaeogenes'.—Dikaeogenes, son of Menexenos

who, for distinction from his grandfather, of the same name, we

call Dikaeogenes II.—had four sisters. These, when he died



324 SELECTIONS. [IsAEOS

childless, shared among them two-thirds of his estate. The other

third went to his first cousin, Dikaeogenes III., son of his uncle

PFOxenos, in accordance with a will produced by Proxenos, in

which the deceased declared Dikaeogenes III. to be his adopted

son, and heir to one-third of his estate (vlos Trot-f^ros cttI TptVw /xcpet

T)7? ovaLw;, § 6).

Twelve years later (§ 7), Dikaeogenes III. alleged that this

first will was invalid. Under a second will, he said, he was heir,

not to a third only, but to the whole of the estate. He gained his

cause. The sisters of the testator were deprived of their shares

and the whole was transferred to Dikaeogenes III.

Ten years more elapsed (§ 35). Meanwhile the nephews of

the testator had grown up. They now resolved to seek redress

for their mothers and themselves. They began by bringing an

action against one Lykon, who had been called by Dikaeogenes

III. as a witness to the second will. Lykon was convicted of

perjury.

The state of things was now this :—Dikaeogenes III. had

himself declared the first will—which gave him one-third—to be

invalid. The judges of Lykon had declared the second will

which gave him all—to be false. Accordingly, the nephews (with

the exception of Menexenos II., who had deserted their cause)

now sued Dikaeogenes III. for the whole estate. One Leochares

interposed a protest (Siaftaprvpia) that their claim was inadmissible.

They indicted Leochares for perjury. Leochares was certain to be

convicted. Dikaeogenes III. therefore made a compromise. He

was to keep his original one-third, and leave his adversaries in

secure possession of the other two-thirds. Leochares and Mnesi-

ptolemos became his sureties for the performance of this engage-

ment.

Leochares is now sued (by an lyyvr]<i Slkt]) to discharge his

liability as surety, since his principal Dikaeogenes III. has madedefault. The speaker, son of Polyaratos (§ 5), is one of the

nephews of the testator, and is supported by his first cousin

Kephisodotos (§ 2). Af/ic Orators, 11. 349.

The date is probably 390 B.C.,—the sea-fight off Knidos men-

tioned in §§ 6, 42 being that of 412 B.C. (Thuc. viii. 42), not the

more famous battle of 394 B.C. This question has been fully

examined in the Attic Orators, 11. 350 f.



p. 123] NOTES.325

tn

C

M—ou




The speaker first defines his case by quoting his own affidavit

(d.vT(DfJio<Tia, § i). He then refers to a register {airoypac^rj) of the

property left by his uncle, to prove that Dikaeogenes HI. has not

refunded the due amount, and that Leochares has therefore not

discharged his suretyship (ttJv efeyywrjv ovk aTrc'SwKci'), §§ i—4. The

facts, of which an outline has been given above, are then narrated

in the following passage, §§ 7—24.

§7. cTTctST/ cm/xavTo, K.T.X] 'When they had divided the

estate, after taking oaths not to transgress the terms of the agree-

ment, each party remained for twelve years in possession of the

share assigned to him'. This refers to i\\e Jirst will (412 b.c),

under which Dikaeogenes III., as adopted son of the testator,

Dikaeogenes II., received o?ie third of the estate. The other two

thirds were shared between the four sisters of the testator, repre-

sented by their respective husbands,—viz. Polyaratos (father of

the speaker), Demokles, Kephisophon, Theopompos. kveiâvro :

cp. Lysias Pro Mantith. § 10, p. 42, tt/dos tov dBeXtfiov 8' owus

iveL[ji.d[xr]v.

ova-oiv SiKwv] * though the law-courts sat ' : /. e. in the course of

the years 412—400 b.c, though there were short periods during

which the sittings of the law-courts were suspended by war or

internal trouble, yet there were also longer periods during which

an action might have been brought. Cp. Thuc. vi. 91, where

Alkibiades, urging the Spartans to occupy Dekeleia, predicts

that one of the results will be to stop the Athenian revenue

from the law-courts (ocra airo StKao-Tr^pitov vvv (o(j>eXovi>Tai,—alluding

to court-fees, Trprraveia, and to fines or confiscations). The pre-

diction was fulfilled, since, as Thuc. vii. 28 says, all the citizens

were required for military duty. This interruption fell within

the period ueferred to here (412—400 b.c). Cp. [Dem.] or. xlv.

In StephaJi. l. § 3 (about 351 B.C.), KiKtiv jxev ovx oios t ^v iSt'av

Xa;)(€ri/* oi yap rjarav iv T(3 Tore Katpw StKat, aAA' dvefSdWiaOe vfiets

Sid Tov TToXe/ioi/ [the Social War, 357—355 b.c.].

Sro-Tvxô-ao-r;?, k.t.X.] 'Athens having suffered disaster [the

defeat at Aegospotami, 405 b.c], followed by the troubles of

faction [o-Tctcrcws, the oligarchical movement supported by Sparta,

see Lys. In Agorat. §§ 6 ff"., p. 56], and civil strife' [ayojvo?, the

struggle which ended in the overthrow of the Tyrants and the

restoration of the Democracy, 403 b.c.]. For aywvos, cp. Isokr.



p. 123] NOTES. 327

Epist. III. § 2, p. 121, rov ayOiva rov yeyevrjfiivov, a euphemism for

the struggle ended by the battle of Chaeroneia.

ovToa-L—T^fuv—Tov d^Lov] ovTocTt, Dilcaeogcnes III. : ijfuv, the

representatives of the four sisters,—viz. their sons (the speaker

and his first-cousins) : tov êtov, their uncle Dikaeogenes II., the

testator.

^da-Koiv i<f> oXrj, k.t.X.] ' alleging that he had been adopted by

our uncle as his sole heir ' (and not heir to one-third only). e<^'

0X77, SC. T^ ovata. § 12, 7roir)9rjvai...VLO<; iirl Travrl Tw KXifpu. Achildless Athenian citizen could, either during his life or by testa-

ment, adopt any Athenian citizen as his son and heir. Permission

to execute a will is said to have been first given to Athenian

citizens by the laws of Solon, but it was expressly restricted to

those citizens who had no direct male descendants. The faculty

of adoption was the germ of testamentary power, and was in-

tended primarily to meet a case in which the head of a house

left behind him, at his decease, no one duly qualified by nearness

of blood to offer the sacrifices at the hearth and the grave. In

the Hindoo system of succession the religious aspect of adoption

is still the foremost one : (see the Tagore Law Lectures for 1870,

Lect. IX. On the Rite of Adoption, pp. 208 f., by Mr Herbert

Cowell). The Roman will of Cicero's time was already a true

testament. The Athenian SiaO-qK-r] belongs to an intermediate

stage. While the religious continuity of the family is still nomi-

nally the first principle, the main object in practice is to enlarge

the childless testator's choice of heirs.—Cp. Maine, Ancient Law,

eh. VI. on 'The Early History of Testamentary Succession'.

Attic Orators, 11. 315 f.

§ 8. fiaLvca6aL...Tf} Xrj^€i, k.t.X.'] 'we thought that he was mad

in bringing the action', rrj Xtj^^l causal dat., = on eXaxe T-qv Slktjv.

Cp. Antiph. De Caed. Her. § 3, rots dX-qOia-tv, note, p. 158. riyov-

fieOa, iinperf.: cp. the imperf. Su(rj(ypL£,6fx.€6a, § 23. ovk dv ol6ix€vot

...Boiai, - OVK ol6[X€V0L dv Soât ( = on So'^ctcv dv). For the sake of

emphasis, early in the sentence, on a condition or a possibility, dv

may be separated from its verb by {e.g?) oto/xat, oTSa, t)OKu>, <^r\\x'i\

Xen. Cyr. viii. 7. 25, kox vvv t^'Sews dv \x.oi Sokw Kotvcji'ô-at. Good-

win § 42.

ttqXX(^ TrXeio), k.t.X.] 'though we had far the best of the argu-

ment, we were cheated of our verdict—not by the judges, but

22—



328 SELECTIONS. [ISAEOS

by Melas'. ttoXXo) TrXeto) koL SiKmoTepa, lit. 'a far greater number

of just pleas', comparative of TroXXa koX Stxata, like tcoWo. koX

dyadd (Ar. T/iesm. 351), etc.—Schomann cp. [Dem.] or. lix. In

Neaer. § 5, tw ovv eâiraTr'jcravTt T<3 Xoyw TOi)S StKacTTas BiKaLOV

opyiêaOai, ov Tois i$aTraT7]9e'L(TL

§ 9. d 7raTr;p] The speaker's father Polyaratos, who had mar-

ried one (apparently the eldest) of the four sisters of Dikaeogenes

II.: §5.

124 e7rcêX^€rv...e'7r€o-K7y«/'aTo] 'before he had brought the action

against those witnesses whom he had indicted for perjury': /xap-

Tvpoiv, the witnesses brought by Dikaeogenes III. to prove the

validity of the will under which he claimed the 7a/io/e of the

estate. eTre^tXêiv: cp. § 12, iire^rjei rots KaTaixapTvprjcracnv.—ettc-

<TK7]il/aTo, sc. i}/€vSofxapTvpLwv, which is often omitted in this phrase

:

cp. § 17, iTn(TK7]\l/aixivwv 8 7]iJi<jiv...tj...T<2v ij/€vBoiJ.apTvpiiZv 8lk7] eicTTjet,

Kri(j)Lcro<f>wvTO's] Kephisophon had married one of the four

sisters of the testator Dikaeogenes II. His daughter was therefore

niece (a8eX<^t8^) of the latter, first-cousin to the speaker, and first-

cousin once removed to Dikaeogenes III.

7r)u Atjjuok. yev. yvvoLKo^ ' her who had become the wife of

Demokles '.—aSeXôs wv, her own brother ; whereas Dikaeogenes

III. was only first-cousin, dv^xf/Los, of the testator.

Kt/îo-oSotov] Kephisodotos was present, supporting his first-

cousin, the speaker, who appeals to him at the beginning of the

speech (§ 2) as being able to vouch for the truth of the affidavit

(avTw/Aoo-ta).

§ 10. Koi yap TOVTwv yc.avTtSiKOs] 'For oi these [rourcov ye

Kephisodotos, his mother, and her other child or children, as

opp. to the tifestator's other sisters and their children] he was at the

same time guardian (eVtVpoTros), legal representative (Kuptos), and

legal adversary (a»/Tt8tKos) ' : i.e. Dikaeogenes III. was the protector

and representative before the law {Kvpioi)., as her nearest male

relative for this purpose, of the mother of Kephisodotos (since a

son could not be the Kvpios of his mother). He was also guardian,

eVtVpoTros, of Kephisodotos, who had a brother or brothers, a

sister or sisters, as appears from op<â.vo'i here, avTOL<s ^Swkcv below,

and TratSwv o;'Ta)v tovtmv in § 11. Every iTVLrpoTros (guardian of

a minor-) was also Kvptos of his ward, but every Kuptos was not



pp. 123, 124] NOTES. 329

iirLTpoTro<;. The term Kvptos denoted esp. the legal control of a

citizen over an unmarried woman or a widow, either as her nearest

male relative or by delegation from the natural Ki;'pto? : [Dem.] or.

XLVi. In Stephan. 11. §18, eav Se firjêh rj tovtwv (/. e. if she has

neither father, brother, nor paternal grandfather living) eav fxlv im-

kXt^pos Tts y (if she be an heiress) tov Kvpiov exetv (her nearest male

kinsman shall marry her), iav 8e /xr} rj, otw av iTriTpiil/rj, tovtov Kvpiov

ctvai, but if she be not, then her natural KvpLo<i may delegate the

duty toanother.

TheKvptos of a married

womanwas her hus-

band: see Isae. or. 111. I?e Pyrrh. Hered. § 2. The vulg. /cat tov-

Twi' T€ can be defended if re is connected with the koX before

ovSe Kara to IXarîaTov p.epo<;, k.t.X.: z.e. he was dof/i their guardian,

etc., and unkind. But I feel sure that Dobree's ye (better than

Scheibe's toi) is right : we want just this emphasis on tovtwv.

ovSe Kara to iXdxio-Tov jae'pos] * not the smallest fraction of their

claim on his kindness or compassion was allowed by him': lit.

' not even in respect to the smallest part of the ties between them

(oiKeto'TT^s—the double tie of kinsman and guardian) did they obtain

pity'.

a 8e o TTpos ju,T7Tpos...8tK77s] 'and what their maternal uncle

[the testator] and their grandfather [Menexenos I., their mother's

father, see stemma] had given to them [to Kephisodotos and the

other child or children], he [Dikaeogenes III.] took away on his

own authority (avTo's), before the case had been tried'.

§ II. Trpia/xevos Kol KttTao-Kai/'as] For the aor. part. Trpta/ici'o?,

cp. Andok. De Pace% 37, p. 34, Treto-avTCS—XaôvTes— Trpia/xevot—

/Siacra'/Aevoi.

TOV KTiTTov hrovfi(ja.To\ Dobree would omit tov. rather transpose

it, reading kj/tt. iTroi-â: tov ttôs tt] avTov oIklo. : or, retaining it here,

repeat it before Trpo'?.

iv aa-Tet] in Athens : the art. omitted as usu. : cp. Isokr.

Antid. § 299, note, p. 261. So below, § 22, e^w Teuxovs—iv IleStw,

nofe.

KoX \a[x(3dvu>v [xcaOwa-Lv] 'And though he was receiving 80

minas [about .£330] in rent from our uncle's property, he sent

the latter's nephew to Corinth in the quality of servant to his

brother Harmodios': ei9 Koptvôv, i.e. on mihtary serviceduring

the Corinthian War, which began in 394 b.c. (the date of the




speech is 390 B.C.). In § 37 there is a reference to the capture

ofLechaeum, the

w.port of

Corinth,by the

Spartans in393

B.C.

—ttKoAorôs here = the Attic hopHte's servant, (usu. vTrr]p€Tr)<;,

Thuc. III. 17,) the Spartan ^cpaVwv: Thuc. vii. 75, têpov koX o\

oirXiTai Kttt ot iTTTri^s Trapa to elwOos avTol to. a(f>iT€pa avrtav aiTta

VTTo Tots ottAois, Ot fxiv aTTopLO, dKo\ov6(j)v, Ot Sc aTTLfnia (distrust of

their servants).

ifi(3dSa^ /cat rpLJSt^na] 'brogues and frieze'. The e/Aj8as was a

sort of thick shoe(in

Xen. JIiJ>^. xii. § 10 ififSdTrjs is a half-boot),

worn by people who had rough out-door work to do,—the ordinary

vTToSrjfjLa being merely a sandal bound under the foot ; the aavBaXiov

had an upper leather across the toe ; the Kp-qwU was a half-shoe.

Cp. Becker Charicl. Exc. xi. The Tpijiwv was a short mantle of

coarse stuff. Dem. or. liv. In Conon. § 34, 'men who are of a

gloomy countenance, who affect the Spartan, who wear coarse

cloaks (Tpt/Jwvas) and single-soled sandals' (aVAas uTroSeSevrat).

The Acharnian rustics wear the rpt'/Jajv (Ar. Ach. 184), which

seems to have been the ordinary dress of poor men. Sokrates

sometimes alludes to his 'poor cloak' (rpiftoiv ovtoo-l, Protag.

" 355 ^)- Being the ordinary dress of philosophers, it afterwards

came to be regarded, like the cowl, as a badge of austere life.

(From my note on Theophrast. CJiar. xxii. = xxv. p. 255.)

Scheibe reads Tpi^mva with Cobet N. Led. p. 155; but cp.

Lysias or. xxxii. In Diogitona, § 16,—where the question is

of similar harshness towards poor relations— IkôKCiv Tovrovi

T^^Lwcra? ûyarptSous ovras £K n^s otxtas tiJs avriZv ev rpL(3(s)VL0L<;,

avvTTo^rjTov^, ov fxera aKo\ovOov,ov fj-era ffTpw/xaroDV, ou fierd IfiaTLwy

(the ordinary woollen cloak).

125 § 12. oQ^v ttTreXtTTov] = £/<€t^cv oTTov, ' from thc poiut at which

I digressed '# i.e. from the end of § 9, when Dikaeogenes III. had

seized the whole estate. Cp. Plat. Phaedo 78 b, oOtv dir^XLTrofiev

ava\dj3oifjLev av6L<;.

cTTt^Tjet] ' proceeded to prosecute ', Attic imperf, of lircîpxoiiai,

as the Att. fut. is cTrc^teVat. Cp. § 9, iTT^^fXdelv.—TOts KarafxapTV-

ptja-., ' those who had borne false testimony against us [against the

speaker and Kephisodotos], and against him' [Menexenos, their

cousin] : cp. § 9.

ov7rc/j...To£iTov] TouTov, HOt as USU. 'the defendant here', but



pp. 124, 125] NOTES, 331

emphatic after ovTrep irpwrov, as if Au/cwva had not preceded :* con-

victed the very first man they brought before the court—Lykon '.

TTOvqOrjvai, k.t.X.] See on § 7'

§ 13. Tw. ..TTpciTTovTa] * who was acting ',= OS eirpaTTe, in the

prosecution of the witnesses.

Ti iroiyjaai ; k.t.X.] ' persuades him—to do what ? to take for

himself such a share of the estate as fell to him, and to throw over

us for whom he was acting '. o n lyiyv^To : such a fraction as

was due to him (imperf.), on the supposition that two-thirds of the

whole estate belonged to the sisters and their children. Cp. § 6,

vios iytyvero Troir^ro's, (under the will) /le was to become adopted son,

i.e. it directed that it should do so; and § 15. So § 16, aKvpoiv

ytyvofiivaiv, = iTretSr) lyiyvovro, as (by a logical necessity) both the

wills now became, now must be, invalid : § 44, iKiivmv lyiyviro,

' were due to them '.

at^fivat]'

to withdraw his charges against the witnesses whohad not yet been convicted ' : d^civai, here, not of the jury who

acquit the accused, but of the prosecutor who absolves him by

allowing the proceedings to drop. Cp. § i of this speech, d^T/-

Kafiev qAXt/Xovs twv eyKXT/ju-drcDv. [Dem.] or. XLV. /n Stephan. i.

§ 40, (DS a<fiivTO<: ifxov twv lyKkrjjxaTwv avTov. Harpokr. S.V. a^ci's

contrasts d<f>€lvat,, ' to let off' an accused person by withdrawing a

charge, with d7raXXd|at, ' to get rid ' of an accuser by persuading

him to do so : cp. § 28 of this speech, ov SvvaraL drraXXdo-crctv Tous

XpiyVras, he cannot pay off his creditors.

§ 14. KaOrjyovixevot] Elsewhere in classical Greek KaOrjyeia-dat

is usually to *show the way', 'set an example', 'teach': here

Dobree conj. -tjfj.el's S' ovKeO' T^yovfj-evoL -Trpoa-yjKeiv. Baiter, Ty/Acis 8

aO" -Qyov/xevoL, Sauppe r]fj.€Ls 8', <3 dvSpes, yyov/xevoi. I believe that

KaO-qyovfievoi, though unattested in this sense, is right, = ' infer-

ring', (Kara implying an unfavourable inference:) cp. Her. in. 27,

7rdy;û (rcfiâs KaraSo'âs ewvTov KaKws Trprj$avTO<i âpfLoavva ravra

TTOUeiV.

KttT dyxicTTctav] 'we claim the whole estate [oUov = KXijpov]

from him on the ground of affinity',—and no longer Kara SLa6i]K7]v,

on the ground of the testament under which they had originally

claimed two-thirds. dyx«rr€ta, in the legal sense, was a degree of

affinity {includijig, for legal purposes, consanguinity, <n7y€i'€ta)




recognised by the law as constituting a claim to an inheritance in

the absence of a special bequest which could legally divert it. To

claim an estate tinder testamentary dispositmi was a/x^tcr/Si^Tctv Kara

BiaO-^K-qv, or Kara Socriv. (Schomann, /sae. p. 250, regards StSoVat,

Soo-ts as the general terms for a bequest : SiarWea-OaL, SiaOTJKr] as

terms strictly applicable only when the legatee was at the same

time adopted as son by the testator. But in /sae. or. i. § 41 the

defendants claim Kara StadrJK-rjv, and it nowhere appears that they

had been adopted. I believe rather that 800-19 denoted the act,

and BiaOrjKT} the instrument.) To claim on the ground of affinity

(in the absence of a will) was dfxcfiLa-fSrjTeLv kut dyîa-Teiav, or Kara

yeVos, or. IV. § 15. For the distinction between dyxta"Tcta and

(rvyyev€ia, cp. Isae. or. XI. § 17, o (the relationship of son to

mother) crvyycvecrTaTOV fxev rjv Trj tftvcreL irdvTwv, iv 8e rais

ay;(i(rTci'ats o/AoXoyou/AeVtos ovk co-tiv meaning that a mother

could not inherit from her son,—although, by Attic law, an in-

heritance could ascend collaterally, as by an uncle inheriting.

6p$w<; eyvwKa/x,ev] 'have decided rightly' (to sue D. for the

whole estate) : the perf , because the resolve still exists, since the

case has not been finally settled. The argument is briefly this.

Dikaeogenes III. received one-third of the estate under the will.

He has set that will aside, and has taken the whole estate under

another alleged will. We have shown that this alleged will is

false. Therefore there is no will. And therefore the next of kin

inherit.

§ 15. 7] [xkv TraXai •jroWw, t] S' varepov] If TraXat ttoXXw stood

alone, it certainly could not mean ' very long ago ' : that would be

TTttvu TTaXat, as in Isae. or. VI. § 14, ovre dv£/<8oTOV koL ctTratSa etvat,

dXXo. Trdvv TrdXat crvvoLKeLv (has long been married). But where

TrdXat and vag-epov are contrasted in the same clause, ttoXXw may

stand with TrdXat in the sense, ' old ^j> a long interval as compared

with the later date'. I therefore hesitate to adopt the obvious

transposition, r] pXv TraXat, -q8' vuT^pov TToXXw.

126 Ilpdêvos] Proxenos, father of Dikaeogenes III., had pro-

duced the will under which his son inherited one-third of the

estate of Dikaeogenes II. : § 6, SiadyK-rjv diri^-qvc Xlpoêvos. See

the stemma.

eyiyvcTo] Cp. § 1 3, note on Tt 7roti7<rat ;...o ti lyiyvcro.



pp. 125, 126] NOTES.

avTriv\ redundant after riv. cp. § 12, Ai;K(ova...Toi}Tov, ntfti:'

§ 16. aKvpow yiyvo\x.kvo.iv\ 'were by inference invalid', a^vpoi

eytyvovTo : § 13, note.

Kara. B6(nv...KaT ayx'""^-] ^p. § 14, kut ayxtoretav, nofe.

Bid Se ravra] If 8e is right, it has a resumptive force :' for

these reasons, I say ' : but 8ta Sr) raCra seems needed.

Xa^f^v Tov kXtJpov—avTO/AVfO-âi] Xa^ctv Toii k\t]pov, SC. SiKrjv,

'to claim the estate', to obtain a hearing of one's legal claim:

but XaêLV KXrjpov, ' tO obtain the estate': § 7, iKeKTr]TO...eKa(rTO?

a cXaxe.—avTOfivva-Oat, 'when we were about to make our affidavit'

{avrdijxodia), in the preliminary proceedings (ava.Kpi<jL%) before the

archon.

SieixapTvprj(r€...firj Ittl^lkov €T>'ai tov KXrjpov] 'entered a protest

(8ta/xapTv/3ta) to the effect that our claim was inadmissible ' : t. e.

that a lia.Bt]Ky] existed giving it to Dikaeogenes. Cp. Isae. or. vii.

§ 3, ct ju,ev €wp<DV vfxa^ yuaXAov aTroSeô/xci/ors ras Siayaaprrptas

7} Ttxs evOvBiKia^, Kav fxapTvpa^ Trpovj3aX6iJ.r]v fJirj €7ri8tKOv eivat tov

KXrjpov : where a protest bar7'ing the claim is contrasted with a

direct trial of the claim. Cp. § 6, ckcio-tt; to p.kpo% iTrediKaa-aTo {sc.

TOV KXrjpov), each claimed the estate in her due share.

§17. iTncrKr]i{/a[ji€voiv...€lo-y€L] 'We indicted Leochares; the

action in claim of the estate was cancelled, and the charge of

perjury came before the court '. lin(TKr]\paixivwv, sc. iJ/euSofxapTv-

pwv : cp. § 9. Xrj^L<;, sc. Trjs SiKr]?, tov KXrjpov, for claiming the

estate. Suypd(j)7] : Ar. JVul>.'J'j;^,

ol/x ws rjSofiai|oti TrevTCTaAavTos

Staye'ypaTTTat {jlol SUrj, 'a suit in which I might have lost five talents

is quashed '-

iiaLpe6€L(Twv] out of the two KaStV/coi, one for condemnation,

the other for acquittal : cp. Lys. In Agor. § 37 ?tote, p. 219. Dobree

ingeniously but needlessly, iiepaa0eLcr<2v, ' tumbled out',

(Ar. Ac/f.

341, Tovs XlOovs . .iiepdaaTe).

a p\v Twv SiKacrTwv.-.Xeyetv] 'as to the entreaties which L.

addressed to the judges and to us, and the penalties which we

were entitled to obtain, I hardly know that I need speak' {i.e.

you can imagine them). Leochares having been convicted of

perjury {i//erSo/xapTvpic5v), the accusers might have claimed any

penalty up to art/xta, disfranchisement (cp. § 19, iyyiv6p.€vov -^p-lv




avTov, iTTiihrj tlKofJiev ipevBo/MapTvpiuiv, aTiiJ.w(rai) , since it was a.

TLixrjTT] BUr], that is^ one in which the accuser could rt/xao-âi, assess

the penalty. hiaTrpdâcrOai, not * exact ', but ' obtain ' irapa twv

StKacTTwv.—6^€ycVeTo, with pluperf. force, not, 'was in our power',

but, ' had (by the verdict) come into our power '.

§ i8. p.rj (TwapLOfieLv, k.t.X.] * not to count the votes, but to

cancel the conviction'; i.e., when the votes were taken out, there

was an evident majority against Leochares ; but the accusers con-

sented torefrain

from registering the result, and to admit L. to acompromise before sentence was passed. a-wapiBixuv, to compare

the member of votes for him with that against him : (xvy)(iaL, to

mix up all the votes in a heap.

d(f>L(rTaTo...[X€p7j] 'Dikaeogenes (III.) offered [imj>er/.] to resign

two-thirds of the estate to the sisters of Dikaeogenes (II.), and to

agree that he should place these two-thirds in our hands without

litigation ' : dvafxcfita-p^TrjTa, i. e. he promised that they should not

be required a/Acîo-yST^Teiv, to bring a law-suit, in oxdôxformally to

establish their claim. In the sequel, however, they were obliged

to do so, since D. had already transferred the ownership to .<

others.

Kttt TOMTo. rjyyvaro, k.t.X.] 'And in all this Leochares the

defendant offered \imperfP\ to be his surety, and to undertake that

he (Dikaeogenes) should fulfil his agreement,—Mnesiptolemos of

Plotheia [a deme of the Aegeid tribe] being his colleague in the

suretyship'.—j^yyuaro, not eVcyvaro, in Attic, as Scheibe shows,

Isae. praef. crit. ix. kox wfioXoycL TroLijaeLv : better ws w/xoXoyct i\

Koi TTOL-â-uv, ' pledged himself that Dikaeogenes would do as he

(D.) had agreed'. Cp. § 20, rjyyvdTO avrov a w/xo\6yr]a-€ Kolj

7ron]creiv : § 22, ow TrtcTTCvovTCS airi^ a wpLoXoyrja-e [^koL Reiske] ttoit]-

127 § ^9- £yyei'o/Aei/ov...aTtfiw(rat] 'when it had come into our

power... to disfranchise him': § 17, note. For the accus. absol.

cp. Antiph. Tetr. B. p. § 6, note, p. 153.

§ 20. KatToi d p.r]...ovK oIS' o Tt] 'If, however, in the face

of the judges, five hundred in number, and of the bystanders, j

he had not offered [I'mper/.] to become surety, I do not know- t

what he could have done ' : i. e. there was no other hope for

him : he would then and there have been disfranchised, d jx-q i



pp. 126—128] NOTES.335

riyyva.To, not j^yyvr^craTo, because the promise had never been ful-

lilled.

—TrevTaKoo-twv, the normal number of a StKaon^ptov,

—the

5000 rjXiacTTaC (exclusive of the reserved 1000) being divided into

10 such panels : cp. Isokr. Areopagit. § 54, note, p. 308.

§ 21. fx yap airiar-q )u,oi/ov...eT;(cv;] 'For if (as he alleges) he

merely withdrew his claim to the two-thirds, but did not covenant

to place them in our hands without litigation, what loss was he

incurring by resigning property of which he already had the

equivalent in money ?' i. e. he had already transferred to others

the ownership of the property which he was resigning. It was his

duty to see that we got it without having to go to law {dix<fiLaj3r]-

Telv) with these other persons, from whom he had received the

value (ti/xj;) of it. ti i^rjfiwvTo ; i.e. we were in a position to

claim a concession, since we had convicted his witness of perjury.

But this would have been no concession. Therefore his compact

cannot have meant this.

ovSe yap Trplv rJTTrjOijvaL. . .difi^voi] ' for even before he had been

worsted in the law-suit [by the conviction of his witness Leo-

chares], the property which we claim had passed from him* to the

purchasers and mortgagees '. ot Trpia'/tevoi—those who had bought

from him outright : ol difievoL, ' the mortgagees '—those wlio lent

him money on the security of property which he placed in their

hands. Plato, Laws, 820 E, kcict^w fJiivroL KaOd-n-ep ivi^vpa XxKrifxa

CK TTj^

aWrj'i 7roXtT€ias, lav rj tovs 6ivTa<; •qp.a.'i rj Tor9 Oe/xevov; v/Aas

liy]8a[iw<s <f)LXo(f>povrJTaL, 'let these (studies) rest, however, as

pledges which can be redeemed by provisions in other parts of

our commonwealth, in case they prove utterly unsatisfactory to

us who have given the pledges ' (Oei'Ta<;, the mortgagers), ' or to

you who have accepted them' (^c/aeVous, the mortgagees). So

viroTiOivaL {opponere) oIkiov, to pledge or mortgage a house

vTTorWecrOaL o'lKLav, to accept the house as security for a loan.

§ 22. eV IleStw] in the Attic plain (to ttcSioj/, Thuc. 11. 65), 1£8

from which the party led by Lykurgos were called 01 « tov TreStW,

TreSittKot or TreSieis, as opp. to the irdpaXoL led by Megakles and the

StttKpiot led by Peisistratos, Her. i. 59. The art. omitted, as

with Terô?, da-TV, § 11. ei^Kovra TrXiOpoyv, 'covering 60 plethra'.

The rrXidpov was the ordinary Greek unit of land-measurement,

= 10,000 square feet, nearly = Roman actus, or hsXi iiigerum.—K€Ko/xi(r/Acâ, 'have recovered': cp. § 13, KOfxia-dfjievov.



'336 SELECTIONS. [Isaeos

ri\i.Ci%8' ovK câyo/icv] 'And we refrain from ejecting' [tovs

7rpLa[x.ivov<; Koi 6€fj.€vov<;, those to whom D. has transferred the

property], 'for we are afraid of incurring penalties at law': StKas,

sc. iôvki]?, actions for forcible ejectment.

Koi âo-zcoi'Tos /A-*? y8e/3aiw(reii/] ' For by ejecting Mikion from

the ownership of the bath-house, at the instance of D., and on

his assurance that he would not confirm the other's title, we

incurred a fine of 40 minae—thanks to Dikaeogenes, judges'.

fxrj ySe/Jaiojoreiv : i.e. Dikaeogenes promised to admit that Mikion

had bought the (SaXavuov with a bad title, since he, Dikaeogenes,

was not its legal owner when he sold it.

§ 23. rjyovjX€voL yap...KaOeiaTr]K€(rav ^/xii'] 'For, believmg that

he [avTov, Dikaeogenes] would not confirm another claim to any

part of the property which he had resigned in our favour before

the law-court, we insisted on this point [Ba(jxvpiôfJf-Ôa, imperf^

against Mikion before the judges, offering to suffer what theypleased if D. confirmed M.'s title to the tenement,—never dream-

ing that he [D.] would violate his agreement,—though our only

ground for such a faith was the fact that sureties had been given

to us', av jSefianSa-etv : as in Thuc. II. 8 the mss. give av Trpooô)-

prjcr€Lv, v. 82 av cocêXy^creiv, V. 66 av XvTnjaetv, VIII. 25 av Trpoa-)(w-

prjacLv, VIII. 71 dv qa-v^da-etv. In VI. 66 the corr. av Xv7r-â£Lav

is probable : in the other places Classen (rightly, I think) keeps

av, with Herbst, instead of omitting it with Stahl. Cp. Goodwin

§ 41. 4. OVK av . . .olo[JL€VOL. . .rrpaâL, cp. § 8, 7l0ê.—ov Sl aW ovSiv:

i. e. the character of D. himself was no guarantee, but we believed

that he would not expose his surety to an lyyvrj<; Slktj (like the

present).

88,

S8 39—47-

§ 3g. ovTdi Kal Too-avTa] 'in this manner and measure', i.e.

so badly and so little : referring to § 36, ttj ftev <jivXy eh ALovvaia

)(opr]yr](ra^ Terapros eyevero, TpaywSots 8e Kal Truppt^to-Tais vcTTaros :

I.e. he won only the fourth prize when he produced a chorus

[probably of avXrjrai, flute-players] at the great Dionysia,—and

was last when he produced a tragic chorus and a chorus of

Pyrrhic dancers (perhaps at the Arjvaia). He had also failed to

contribute when da-tôpai, special war-taxes,were

being levied.

Once, indeed, he had promised an liTLhoaL<i or voluntary subscrip-



p. 128] NOTES. 337

tion, which however he had not paid, and had therefore been

•posted' as adefaulter at the statues of the

Twelve Heroes [in

the Agora], § 38 : koX tovto cTreSwKev, ovk €tcr>;veyK€v, aXX' ctt' at-

(TxiaTto cVtypa/x/xaTt ['with a most disgraceful qualification'—that

which follows] iêriOr] avrov rovuofia (.inrpocrOev twv eTrcovviawv, on

oi'Se €ts (ToiTrjpiav T^s TroAews VTVOdôyi^voL t<3 St^/ao) eicroicretv "xprj-

fiara iOeXovTol ovk ela-qveyKav.—ets rrjv 7roA.1v, (spent) on the city :

SO § 43, TToi avaXwcras ; ovre yap €ts Tt]V ttoXlv ovre cts tovs ^tAous

âvepos €1 SttTravijêiS ouScv.

oTt /xeiôv cSwt/^t;] Schomann suggests ore, but with this we

should expect T/SuVaro : and on, ' (merely) because', condemns the

act more strongly.

£is Toi;s [xiaOoiTovs lovTas] ' and allowed others [of his relatives]

to be reduced to the rank of hired labourers, for want of a bare

livelihood'. Cp. [Dem.] or. xlix. Adv. Timoth. § 51, rtvcs ^crav

ot €veyKavT£S tov ;âAKov ws Tov irarepa ôv ifjiov;[XLaOwTol i] otKcrat

'hirelings or slaves?' Theophr. C/iaracf. iv. koI rots Trap' auTw

ipyaôfiivois fXicrOwTol'S iv ayp<3 Travra ra aTro tt^s iKKXrjata^ Sirj-

y€ia6ai, ' he will recount all the news from the Ekklesia to the

hired labourers working on his land'. 'Slavery did not altogether

swamp the labour-market. Even men, chiefly foreigners, found

employment as artisans, farm-labourers or domestics : see Plat.

J?ep. 371. Lysis, in Plato's dialogue, says that his father's chariot

was driven at the games by a Mred charioteer (Lys. p. 203 e),

while the groom mentioned in the same passage is a s/ave. The

shrine of Eurysakes in the market-place is mentioned as the place

at which ' those who ply for hire used to congregate',(from my

note on Theophr. /.c, p. 221).

iv TO) Trj<i EtAet^Dt'as tepw] Kadrjfxivqv, as a suppliant,—in ap-

peal to the goddess against an unnatural son. Pausanias i. 18.

§ 5, TrX-qaiov 8e (near the temple of Sarapis, s.w. of the Akropolis)

wKo86[Jir]TO vaos EtAei^rtas, '^v iXOovcrav i$ YTrepôpewv tts AijXov

yeviaOai jSoTjdov rats AijtoSs (oSto"6, tous 8k aAAous Trap avTOJV <f>aa^L

T^S EtAet^m'as [xadeiv to ovofxa' kol 6vov<jC re EiAetûta ArjXiot

Koi vfivov aSovuLV 'dXrjvo^.

§ 40. Me'Aava] ' As to his intimate associates [in distinction

from tovs Trpoorv^KovTas, his relatives, § 39], he has robbed Melas,

his friend from boyhood, of the money which he received from



338 SELECTIONS. [IsAEOS

him, and is now his bitter enemy': Me'Xava, not Mc'Xavt, be-

cause the emphasis is more on the act (a7roo-T€p?fo-as) which led

to the feud than on the feud itself (ex^to"Tos eo-rt).

129 ct iTriStKd(Tat.To tov KXypov] 'if he should claim the estate': cp.

§ 1 6, cTrtStKov, UOfe. He said, Stoa-w, idv €7rt8iKao-a)/xat.

§ 41. 01 TîxirepoL Trpdyovoi] i.e. the testator, Dikaeogenes II.,

his father Menexenos, and his grandfather, Dikaeogenes I.—ot

ravra KrrjcrdfjLcvoi, who acquired the property now under dispute.

—Trao-as-.-xopw- ^X^PVY- 'discharged the office of choregus in all

its forms', for rpaytKOi, KinfitKOL, and /xoucrtKot aywi/e?. elcrijveyKav,

i.e. by way of eio-ôpai: cp. on § 39.—TptvypapôwTcs : see on

Isokr. De Pace § 128, ras a-vfifiMpLas, p. 293.—Su'XtTrov : Isokr.

Aegiftef. § 27, 7tote, p. 316.

dva6rjfjLaTa\ ' votive offerings', a general term for gifts (build-

ings, statues, tripods, etc.) dedicated to agod

; dvaOrjixa dvari- \

Oevat Her. II. 182.—e/c twv TrepLovTwv, not, 'from their abundance',

but, ' from what remained ' after these costly XetTovpytai had been

discharged.

TptVoSas] A bronze tripod was awarded to a successful

choregus, who usu. dedicated it in the temple of Dionysos.

Plutarch says that Nikias had presented to the temple a shrine

(vcws) on which these tripods were set {Nik. 3). In the course

of the 4th century b. c. a fashion arose of placing the prize-tripod

in a small shrine built specially for it, either in the precincts

of the Theatre or in the 'Street of the Tripods' (Paus. i. 20) on

the E. side of the Akropolis. The existing monument of Lysi-

krates (choregus 335 B.C.) was such a shrine : and the site of

another, dedicated in 320 B.C. by the choregus Thrasyllos (Paus.

I.

21),is stfll marked by a cave on the s. side of the Akropolis,

(See my note on Theophr. Char. xxii. = xxv., p. 251.) Cp. Plat.

Go7'g. 472 A, NtKias Kai 01 aSeXôt, mv 61 TptVoSes 01 eê^s co-rwres

eicrtv £V T<3 Aiovucno).

£v Ilv^tov] i.e. iv T(I5 'AttoXXovos Ilu^tou Upw. In May, 1877,

the site of the Uvdiov was identified by the discovery of an in-

scribed altar-stone on the right bank of the Ilissos, n.w. of the

temple of Zeus Olympios. Thisstone

belongedto

the altar

erected by Peisistratos (grandson of the tyrant), and mentioned by



p. 129] NOTES.339

Thuc. (vi. 54) as bearing in letters which even then were 'faint',

dixvSpoLs ypdiJ-fxaai, the couplet :

fxvrjixa T08' r;s o.pxV'^ Iletcrio-TpaTos 'Ittttiov vios

, OrJKtv AttoAAwvos TivOiov Iv Tc/Jiivei.

§42. aTrapxas...TO Upov] * On the Akropolis, again, [as well

as in the Alovvctlov and the IIvîov] ' they have dedicated tributes

(aTrapxas) from their substance, and have adorned the temple

[to Upov = Tov Ilapêvwva] with images (ayaA/xao-i) in bronze and

stone,—considerable in number, if it be remembered that thedonors were private persons'.—ctTrapxas, first fruits, [in Thuc. vi.

20 tithes paid by occupiers to landlords,] then ' tributes ' : cp.

Eur. Androm. 150, where Hermione speaks of her robes and

golden ornaments as ojrapya-i, ' offerings ' made to her, as a bride,

by her father.—iroXXois closely with ojs (xtto tStas kti^'o-cws : Thuc.

VI. 20, 7roA£ts.../xcyaXas, ...TO T6 ttXt^ô?, ojs Iv fxia vyjcrto, TroXXas tois

EXXijviSas : Soph. Phil. 584,. Spwv avTiTrao'T^w xpr](TT(i -y', of dvrjp

Trivrjs.—dydXfiacn, not = dvad-^fiaaL (§41), but 'images' or 'statues

of gods, as opp. to avSptavTcs, portrait-statues of men.

Ai/caioyeVrys] /. e. Dikaeogenes I. : see stemma.

7 iv 'EXcvo-tvt fidxrj] This battle at Eleusis has been referred

(i) by Palmer ap. Schom. 342 to 01. 80. 4, 457 b.c, when there

were hostilities in the Megarid between the Athenians and the

Corinthians : (2) by Reiske to 01. 83. 4,

445B.C., when the Lacedae-

monians, invading Attica under Pleistoanax, advanced to Eleusis

Thuc. 1. 1 14. But on neither occasion is a battle at Eleusis recorded.

Read, with Dobree, Iv 'AXtcDo-i. Having made a descent on the

coast of Argolis, the Athenians were defeated by the Corinthians

and Epidaurians at Halieis, 01. 80. 4, 457 B.C.: Thuc. i. 104.

{Attic Orators, 11. 353.)

(fivXapx'^y rrj<; ÔXwOias Iv STaprwXw] 'when commanding the

cavalry of his tribe at Spartolos in the territory of Olynthos': in

01. 87. 4, 429 B.C., when the Athenians were defeated by the

Chalkidians at Spartolos on the Chalkidic peninsula: Thuc. 11. 79.

—Scheibe rightly follows Palmer in reading 'OXw^tas for the vulg.

'OXro-tas, which Dobree took as formed from "OXwôs ('ut Tpi-

Kopvo-tos a TpiKopwôs Arist. Zjs. 1034'), while Sir W. Jones

actually explained it, 'of the destructive cohort'. Reiske conj,

'OSpuo-tas or 'OSvo-o-eias (the latter as the name of a cohort).—In




429 B.C. Spartolos belonged to the BoTTtaToi (Thuc. I.e.), but it

had now come under the control of Olynthos ; cp. Xen. Hellen.

V. 2. II {Attic Orators, 11. 354).

At*catoyeV?7s] i.e. the testator, Dikaeog. II. kv KviSw: in 412 B.C.,

when an Athenian force of less than 20 sail was defeated, with the

loss of six ships, by the Lacedaemonian fleet under Astyochos,

Thuc. VIII. 42. The Paralos is mentioned soon afterwards as

being with the Athenian army at Samos, Thuc. viii. 74, (411

B.C.).

§ 43. câpyvptcra/xevos] 'having converted it' (Tor oikov-tov

KXrjpov, the estate) ' into money, you now bewail your poverty ; but

on what have you spent the money?' iâpyvptcr., because he had

sold or mortgaged the houses and lands (cp. § 21, ol Trapa. tovtov

TrptdixevoL koI OifxevoL). In Thuc. Vlll. 81, ijv Bsrj reXevTojvTa r-qv

tavTOv (TTpiDixvrjv eâpyvpLo-aL (convert into money), iâpyvp<2aaL is

a V. 1., wh. Classen adopts, following Etym. M. 246. 55, iâpyv-

pcucrai, ovK kâpyvpifrai, ®0VKvZihri<;. Her. VI. 86, lâpyvpwcravTa.

In Dem. De Pace § 8, ^v...eK€KTr]To cjiavepdv ovcrMv (real property),

TavTfjv i$apyvpLcra<;, the form is less doubtful.'

dXXd fji-qv ovSe Ka^tTTTroTpoe^T^Ka?] ' But again, neither have you

squandered it on keeping horses'. The keeping of horses, esp. for

the great contests, was regarded as in some sort a duty incumbent

on the rich, for the credit of the state,

—horses being in a special

sense at Athens dyaX/xa t^s vTrep-rrXovTov x^f-S^? (Aesch. P. V. 474).

[Dem.] or. xlii. Adv. P/men. § 14: 'In one thing only can the

defendant be proved to have shown public spirit towards you

(7r€<^t\oTip.77p.ei/ov ets vp.as) judges : his munificence takes the form

of keeping fine horses ' (linroTp6(jiO<; dyaOds ian kol ^tAdn/xos).

Xen. Hipparch. i. 12, '(you may win over parents) by explaining

this to th(*m,—that their sons will be forced to keep horses, if

not by you, by their fortune, but that... you will deter them from

giving extravagant or mad (p.ai'iKcuv) prices for horses ' : (note on

Theophr. Char, xxiii. = vi. p. 197.) Cp. Lysias or. xx. § 63, on

Linrevev, ov [xovov lttttov^ eKTv^craro XajnTrpors oAXa Kat a6X-r]Tas, Kai

ivLKr](rev IcrOixol kcu Neyaea, k.t.X.

TrXetovos d^Lov rj rpidiv /xvwi'] = about £l2. The KOTTTrartas of

Pheidippides (Ar. Clouds 23) cost about 12 minas, or .£48; and

the same is the value of a horse in [Lysias] or. viii. § 10.



pp. 129, 130] NOTES. 341

oTjSe t,(.vyo<;...l\v(T(3i o^SeVa.] 'You have never set up so much

as a pair of mules [opiKoV from opeus = iJ/aiovos] on the strength of

(eTTt) your large estates and wealth. Nor, again, have you ran-

somed any one from the enemy'. Cp. Lys. /;/ Eratosth. § 20,

7roA.A.oi)s S' Â6r]vaL0)v Ik twv TroXejxiwv XvcrajxevoVi, note, p. 205.

§ 44. Ttt ai/aî7/xara...KvAii'SetTui] ' Nor, again, have you duly

placed on the akropolis [tt^v -TroXtv] the votive offerings which

Menexenos had caused to be made, and which death prevented

him from dedicating, but they are still knocking about in the

stone-cutters' shops'. tto'Aiv — aKpoTroXiv, Thuc. 11. 15, KaXeTraL 8e

8ta Tr]v iraXaLoiv TavTrj KaTOLKr]<TLV Kol yj aKp6iroXi<; fJi^XP'- "ôvî. trt vir

'AOrjvaLwv ttoXl?.—K€/co/it(cas, not merely 'carried', but taken to

their proper place.—K^XivSeirat should, I think, be read here

Attic writers seem to use KvXiv'hCi(jQai in the literal sense, KaXtv-

SetaOaL in the figurative ; cp. Isokr. Adv. Sophist. § 20, t«3v -Ki-pi

rd? tpt8a^ KaXivSovfJi€vuiV, note, p. 252.

iK€Lvwv eytyvero] ' v/ere due to them', 'came to them by right': 130

see § 13, note, p. 331. aya'A/xara in the proper sense, statues of

gods as Opp. to av8ptai'T€S, cp. § 42.

§45. XeLTovpyia<;...TpLr}papxoiv] On the distinction between

the ordinary X^novpyiai and the rpvi]pap)(La, cp. Isokr. De Pace,

§ 128, 7iote, p. 293.

§46. TToXi.jxov ...ÔXvvOloi .,.vy]cnC}Tai\ The Corinthian War(394—387 B.C.), of which this (390) was the 5th year. Olynthos,

as well as the insular allies, had doubtless furnished troops to

Athens in the course of the war. If the year 372 B.C. were taken

as the date of the speech, the notice might be referred to the'

Olynthian war of 382—379 B.C.,—when the Olynthians were, in

a sense, fighting the battle of Athens. The mention of viyo-twrat

might thenbe

explainedby

the fact that, when war was renewed

between Athens and Sparta in 374 B.C., Corcyra became a centre

of hostilities. But too-ovtov and toiovtov iroXep-ov in § 46 can mean

nothing but the Corinthian War ; it could not, without straining,

be applied to the whole intermittent struggle against Sparta.

—See Attic Orators, 11. 351.

Tov Tvpavvov] Hipparchos. Cp. Thuc. I. 20, 'AOrjvaLOiv ynvv

TO TrXrjOo's "iTTTrapôv oiovrat v(fi 'App-o^Lov Kai AptoroyetTovos ti;-

pavvov ovra dTroOava.v, koI ovk L(raaLV otl 'iTTTrta? pev Trpco-ySuraros

J. 23




&v ^pX^ ''"'^v JJeicTKTTpdTOV vUwv, "I-mrapxo'; 8e koX ©e'o-craXos aSeXt^ôt

â-av avTov. Herod. (v. 55) does nof make this error. Nor needwe suppose it here, since tov rvpawov implies merely a member

of the ruling house; cp. Andok. De Myst. § iq6, viKifcravTes tous

Tupavvous [ — Tous net(Ti(TT/3aTiSas] cttI IlaXXijvtu).

§ 47. Tiji' £v npuraveio) aLTTjcnv, k.t.X.] Cp. Andok. X'^ Alyst.

§ 45, //t*/^ on e'SeiVvet, p. 1 7 7. TrpoeSptwv, 'places of honour' at

festivals, etc.: areXetwv, exemptions from taxation.—

'Apto-ToyctVwv

...KoX'Ap|U.o8tos : cp.

Dem.7^ Z.

§280, vTro/xcierTC.TOv a^' 'Ap-

fxoSiov Koi T(3v ra p.iyi(TT ayaâ v/xas elpya<Tix€vo)V, ois vo/x-w 8ta

Tas €vepye(Ttas...€V airaai to'l<; tcpots eiri rats OvaiaLS CTTrovStSv Kat

KpaTT^pwv Kotvwvovs TreTroLT!]a6e kol aSere Kai Tt/xare e^ I'orou toTs -QpwaL

Kol Tots êot^.-.TrJi/ e*c Ttop- vo/xwj/ Siki^v {i7r€(T;^?;K€Vat, ...tw 8e 'Arpo-

p,7]Tov ac^T^'crere ; Deinarchos /;/ Demosth. § 63, e8e^7; Tcoi/ a^' 'Ap-

P-oSlov yeyovoTMV ets Kara to croi' Trpoo-ray/xa, was imprisoned by

your injunction. For eKeti/o?= ///i?,' the famous', cp. Ar. £^. 786,

fjiiZv cKyovos et rtov App,o8iou Tts ckcii/wv•

II. nEPI TOY ArNIOY KAHPOY. [Or. xi.]—'On the

Estate of Hagnias'.—Theopompos, the speaker and defendant,

possesses the estate of Hagnias. Half of this estate is claimed

from Theopompos on behalf of his own nephew, the son of Stra-

tokles. The form of the prosecution is an Information for mal-

t7'eatinent (eto-ayyeXta KaKojo-ecos) ; the son of Stratokles being con-

sidered as an orphan whom his uncle, Theopompos, has wronged.

The date is 359 B.C. Attic Orators^ 11. 354—8.

Theopompos had already, under a legal decision, taken this

same estate away from Phylomache II. (see the stemma), daughter

of his own second cousin Eubulides 11.

The essential points are these : (i) Theopompos and Hagnias

were the sons of aves/ztot, first-cousins, and weretherefore second-

cousins to each other : (2) Eubulides II., father of Phylomache II.,

was^fr^Z-cousin of Hagnias.

§§ I— 19-

Theopompos begins by reading the laws which regulate the

succession of collateral kinsfolk to an estate; and shows that,

by these, his nephew, the son of Stratokles, is excluded. There is

no reason to suppose that the 7rpooLp.Lov is lost. The ninth ora-



p- 130] NOTES.343

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tion of Isaeos, ir^pi rov 'ActtuîAov kXyjpov [Attic Orators, ii. 330),

and the third, Trept tov Tivppov KX-qpov {ib. 339), beghi with similar

abruptness.

§§ I— 2. 8ta TavO\..K\'r}povoijLl.av\ 'I have read you the laws,

because the plaintiff contends that, under the first of them, the

boy [the son of Stratokles] is entitled to half the estate ; but this

is untrue. For Hagnias was not our brother \riixiv, Theopompos

himself and the other second-cousins of Hagnias, § 10]; but the

law, speaking of a brother's property, has given the inheritance

[i) first, to brothers, being sons of the same father, and the

children of such brothers; this is the first degree of kinship to the

deceased : but failing these,

(2) secondly, the law calls to the succession sisters by the same

father, and their children : failing these,

(3) in the third degree {rpircd yevei) it gives the preference to

first cousins (avei/fiois) on the father's side, continuing it to their

children (f^^XP'- o.^îî-'^v Trat'Swi/ = /a^XP' dveij/LaSwv).

(4) Failing these also, the law reverts to the direct line [cis

TO yeVos, the direct lineage on the maternal side, as opp. to col-

lateral kinship on the paternal] and gives the ownership of the

property [Troiei Kvptous avrwv, sc. t(^v xp^'j/ârwi'] to the kinsmen of

the deceased on the mother's side, under the same rules by which,

in the first instance {li "PX^^), it called the paternal kinsfolk to the

inheritance '.

The gist of the whole argument is that Theopompos, being the

son of a first-cousi7i (dveif/iov TraT?) is, under provision {3), in the

succession on the paternal side, while his nephew, being the son

of a second-cousin, is out of it.

131 § 3-Tavras ttolcl ras dyxi-o-T€La<;, k.t.X.] 'constitutes

(recog-nises) these claims by kinship, and no others': dyxô-TeLa, a degree

of nearness to the testator such as the law of inheritance recog-

nises, opp. to crvyyiveia, natural kinship, which may or may not

be dyyidTi-'ia. : see or. v. note on § 14, Kar' ayxto"Tetav. dwro^mai-

pw^ : for the form, cp. Isokr. Panegyr. § 163, eppw/xeveo-Tepws, Jiote,

p. 265. ravTTi, 'to this effect'.

irpoa-^KeL rrj ayyidTtia

—e^w tt/s crvyyevetas]

Schomann Sug-gests irpo(TrjK€L TTJ (Tvyyeveia—e^w T179 ciyxto'Tetas. But l^w Tr;s crvy-



pp. 130, 132] NOTES. 345

ycveia?, ' outside of the kinship ',= outside of that kinship which

the law recognises as constituting ayx'o-Teca.

§ 4. ai/a;8i/8ao-a/x€vos...i'7rai/ayivwcrKwv] 'I will therefore call

him up here, and question him before you, reading the provisions

of the law, clause by clause '. a.vajBi(iaa-dp.€.vo<;, to the (irjixa from

which either party in a law-suit spoke, Lysias /// Thcomn. § 15,

note, p. 227 : for the cpwrTâis, cp. Lysias In Eratosth. § 24, ava-

^t]Qi ovv fJiOi Kai aiTOKpivai, k.t.X. p. 51. In VTvavayiyvwcTKUiv, viro

leading him on gradually from point to point : cp. Xen. Anab.IV. 2. 16, Hevoôjv [)Xv avv rot? vecoraTOts dvi/Saivev iirl to aKpov,

Tovs 8e dWovs eKiX-evcrev virayuv, ottcos ol reXiVTaloL Ao;ôi irpocr-

fiiûav, ordered the others to advance (only) gently, so that the

rearmost companies might rejoin them.

§ 5. aSeXîSovs...'^ 7rpo<? 7raTpo9] The son of Stratokles (Trais)

was not, of course, any one of these things. He was, to Hagnias,

second-cousin once removed,—Stratokles and Hagnias havingbeen sons of avci/^toi, first-cousins.

Ktti oTTws ju,i7...epers] 'And take care that you do not say'. 132

Xen. Cyr. i. 2. 18, ottcos ow fxr] aTroXei fiaa-TLyovfxevo^, Goodwin

§ 46. 4-

el...iijlJi<f>i(T(3y]T€L...av vpocrtJKoi] 'If he were claiming my pro-

perty [which he is not doing], this would [on that suppositioii\ be

fitting ', etc. :

but av irpoa-rJKev,'

this would now be [as it is not]

fitting'. Cp. Dem. De Cor. § 206, ei fxev roivw tovt lircêipovv

Ae'yeiv, ...owK eo-^' ooris ovk av ciKorws cTrtrt/ti^crete /x.01. Goodwin

§54.

T'^s ayxio-Teta5...To ycvos] * the degree of the relationship' ; cp.

§ 2, TpiTu) ycvet. So § 6, ToC yivov<;...[xapTvpi.a<; : § 17, to ir^pi avTrj<i

yevos, note, p. 351.

§ 6. hi.6iJiW(r6aL...lva fxdXXov av iiria-TeveTo] '(it was his duty

to make an affidavit (Stw/îocria)..., so that he might have had a

better chance of being believed '. The addition of dv shows that

iva...e7ricrT€veTo, is not only a final clause, but also an apodosis

with a suppressed protasis : /. e. Iva iTricTTeveTO, too-Trep iinaTeveTo dv,

€t ScwfjivvTo. This is very rare : but cp. Plato Latos 959 B, tjavri

ISei (3or]6eLV, ottws o tl SiKatoraros wv Kal oo'taJTaros kt,r] t€ Qwv Kai

reXevTijcras drLfJioiprjTOS dv KaKwv dfxapTTjpidTwv iyiyvero, = ottcos cyt-

yv€TO, wcTTTcp dv lyiyve.ro, et ovtws e^f}. Goodwin § 44. 3. Note I.



34^ SELECTIONS. [Isaeos

c/ioi) Karayv, t. njv ettrayyeXiav] ' to decide against me on this

Infonnation ' :

Theopomposbeing prosecuted

under an eto-ayyc-

Xta KaKwo-co)?, an Information charging him with maltreatment of

an orphan, viz. his nephew. This was a special form of the ypacft-/}

KaKwo-eojs. Any citizen might lay before the archon an etcrayyeXia

regarding alleged wrong done to parents, women, or orphans,—\

might address the court without limit of time,—and, if defeated,

suffered no fine. There was no fixed penalty, but, as it might be

drifxia, Theopompos can speak of himself as kivSwcvwv vwep tou

(TMfjiaTos,—as having his civic existence in stake, § 35.—See Afîc

Orators, 11. 354.

§ 8. cyw yap, k.t.X.] See the stemma of the family, and

§§ I, 2. Nothing is known as to the embassy of Hagnias {Trpea-

/3ev(T0}v) noticed here. ovk i4> )]fuv...KaTeXtTr€v, did not leave the

property in our disposition, = ov Kuptovs T/ynas iiroLrja-e twv ovroyv.

133 i-TTonjaaTo Ovyarepa] ' adopted a niece of his own as his daugh-

ter '. The adoption of a daughter was comparatively rare, since,

unless a son was born to her, the continuance of the oTkos was not

secured. But other instances occur, e.g. in this speech, § 41, and

or. VII., TTcpt Toi) 'ATToXXoSojpov KXy'jpov, § 4. Sucli cxceptlons illus-

trate the use of Attic adoption to gratify a personal preference,

apart from the original object of perpetuating the family rites

see above on or. v. § 7, p. 327.

§ 9. Kara nyv SiadijKrjv] 'tinder the tvilV—whereas Glaukon

would not have been entitled to it by nearness of kinship, if there

had been no will. On Kara 8ia6-^Kr]v or Kara 86cnv as opp. to

KaT aynîcTTetav or Kara yeVos, see or. V. § 14, note, p. 331.

^ 8' Ev(3ovXlSov Ovydrrjp, k.t.X,] * But the daughter of Eubu-

lides [Phylomache II.—see stemma], supported by her accom-

plices [mejftiing her Kvptos or male representative, or. v. § 10, note,

p. 328] claims the estate at law, and obtains it, on defeating those

who had claimed it under the will;—though she was not within

the prescribed degrees, but had merely conceived the hope (it

seems) that we [the kinsmen] would not oppose her, because we

had not resisted the will either'. Xayxdi'î- (Blktjv) tov kXtJpov : or.

v. § 16,;?^/^, p. 333.

§ 10. T^/xcis Se...o /cXi7pos] 'We,... since the claim on the estate

had been opened to the next of kin, all prepared to bring our



pp. 132—134] NOTES. 347

action ' : /. e. the ha6i]Krj which had given the estate to Glaukon

had precluded all claims on the score of ayxio-Tcta. Now, how-

ever, this will had been set aside in favour of Phylomache's claim

as a kinswoman. As against her, the other kinsfolk enter their

claim, on the ground that their ayxicrrua takes precedence of hers,

cyoj KoX %TpdTLO<;, k.t.X— Trapio-Kevdôvro : cp. Eur. Bacch. 974) o

vtKT^crwv 8' eyw|

koX ^pofJiLOS eorat.

)u,oVos Twi/ Trpos Trarpos tSv dveif/iov Trai?] This is a quibble.

Theopompos claims the inheritance under provision (3) of the

law cited in §§ i, 2, on the ground that he is the child of a first-

cousin on the father's side. But Theopompos was dv€ij/Lov TraTs

only in respect to the father of Hagnias. In respect to Hagnias

he was not dveij/iov Trais, a first-cousin once removed, but a second-

cousin. Theopompos was not really in the ayx'-^'''^^'^'' ^^ all:

still

less, of course, was his nephew, the son of Stratokles. Phylo-

mache, as daughter of a paternal first-cousin of Hagnias, had

a better claim than any living relative. If Phylomache had died,

then the next heir would have been Glaukon, who would have

claimed under provision (4), as a brother of the testator by the

same mother (though not oyaoTrarptos). The decision by which

Theopompos took the estate from Phylomache was unjust.

cytyvero] 'devolved' : cp. or. v. § 13, 7wte, p. 331.

§11. Tw Se yv<aa-ea9e...a-KeTniov ecTTt] 'But where are you

to find proof that I had an admissible claim of kinship, while

their issue— this boy included—had none? The law itself will

show. That the succession includes first-cousins on the father's

side, and continues it to their children, is admitted on all hands :

but whether, after us [i.e. children of first-cousins], the law gives

it to our children—that is the question '. tois ii eKetVcov yeyovoVtr,

viz. the offspring of Stratios and Stratokles, who, like Theopompos,

were really second-cousins of Hagnias : see last note.

§ 12. aAXa aVeSwKc] 'but has assigned the inheritance to the 134

kin of the deceased on the mother's side ',—under provision(4)

of the law cited in §§ i—2, where see note.

Kara TavTd...vTreiprjix€vov'] 'on the same terms which were

indicated in. the first instance ', viz., in the case of the kinsfolk

Trpos TTttrpo?. Cp. § 2, Kara ravrd KaOdwep tois Trpos Trarpos ii

o.pxV'^ eStSou. v7r£ipr}[xiyov, said l>jy way of preliminary definition:




see Dem. In Aristocr. § 53, StSoVros yap tow vo'/xov o-qcôjs ovrwo-i koX

Ae'yovTos ec/) ois eêiiât Kxeivai, ovros uTravra TrapetSe TaSra, Kat

yeypatjieu, ovSev vTreiTTOJi', ottws ai/ Tis airoKTeLvy, rrjv rip.wptav : /. ^.

though the law specifies some cases (of involuntary homicide) as

exempted from the penalty, this man has set down the penalty

without any preliminary reservatio7i (ovSev vttcittwv), no matter what

the circumstances of the homicide may be. Cp. Dem. De Cor.

§ 60, ravTo. avaixvijaw Kat tovtwv v(f)€û), touovtov tTretTrcoj/, ' with

only thus much of preface '.

ois 8e. ixrjB '"'el koL TcreXevTr/KOJS rjy cyw*] ' But how can they to

whom, even if I were dead, the law does not grant the inheritance,

suppose that the succession is theirs while I live and am in legal

possession?' [under the verdict which took the estate from

Phylomache, § 18]. The mss., fxrjS' el koL TereXevTrjKOTe? ws €yw,

SiSojcrtv : Scheibe, following Reiske (with the change of et to eaV),

IxrjS" iav reXevrrjKat^ «3 iyw : but et should be retained, reading, with

Dobree, yv for <S.

§ 13. Ktti yap o TOVTOV Trariyp . . . cKetVots] ' For the boy's father

(Stratokles) was related [to Hagnias] only in their degree ' : o/xotws

£«£tVot<;, only in the same degree with those who were cousin's

sons, like Theopompos himself and Stratios : e'/ceti/oi denoting t/iat

c/ass or grade of kinsmen, just as below § i8 cKctVas is similarly

used. Dobree is not right then, I think, in accounting for cKetVois

by the disappearance of words alluding to the children of Stratios

{§ 15) : the text is sound.

TODTovt...Kaîo-Taiai] 'that this man [the speaker on behalf of

the Trais] should resort to vexatious proceedings, and that, though

he did not think fit to contest the case or to lodge a rival claim

[7rapaKaTa/3aA/\.eii'] when I was going to law for the estate—the

proper

momentfor the decision of any issue that he had to raise

on such points—he should now make this boy a pretext for

annoying me with litigation, and bring my civil existence into

peril '. The TrapaKara/JoA); was a deposit made (to be forfeited

on defeat) by one who claimed the whole of an inheritance from

another. Thus, when Theopompos tKa.ê tov kXtJpov against Phylo-

mache (^ 15), it was necessary for him to make such a deposit, as

the estate was already hers. If the son of Stratokles had claimed

the 7C'/iok estate from Theopompos, then he, too, must have pro-



PP- 134, 135] NOTES.349

ceeded by vapaKaTa/SoXij : but, in fact, he claimed only the half,

rj/xiKXy]ptov (§i).

—€7ri

tovTraiSds ovo/xaTi,

'in the boy's name', not

as meaning, 'on the boy's behalf (virlp tov TratSd?), but, 'making

him a pretext'. Better tTrt tw tov tt. ovofxaTi. Cp. Dem. Adv.

Leptin. § 126, to.vt iiri tw twv êwv ovofiaTt Troteii/ î7toi)<tiv...to twv

AetToupytoSi/ oi'Ofia ctti to twv icpwv /AcraêpovTCS et^^Trarai/ ^r/rovcrt.

Trepi T<j)v fjieyLOTTfav, because he might incur aTLfxta : § 35, Kiv^wevwv

VTvep Twv crw/xaro?. Cp. § 6, ^/^/if.

§ 14. Twv djUoXoyov/xevtov etvai tov TraiSo'?, k.t.X.] ' the unques-

tioned property of the boy ', viz. the patrimony left to him by his

father Stratokles. Theopompos was guardian, cTriVpoTros, of his

nephew : see § 27, Trj^ Se Trpds e/xe XtJ^^ms eyu-TroSwv eTvai tous vo/j-ovs'

ov yap etvai tois optâvots KaTa twv lirLrpoTTwv. Hence 8ta)/<oui'

here. wcnrep outos, meaning that the speaker was (by this law-

suit) injuring the interests of his client, the boy.

ifxd cii/ai iipr](jiL(Taa6e] alluding to the verdict of the court which 135

took the estate from Phylomache and gave it to Theopompos,

§ 18. 86vT€s, 'after allowing anyone who pleased to dispute it',

in reference to the claim put in also by the mother of Hagnias, id.

CTTt TOVTOis aywvas 7rapaaK€vdt,€LV^ ' get up SUch law-SuitS for this

property': cp. Lysias /// Agar. § 12, p. 57, eKetV(t)...8iKao-Tr/pioi/

TTupao-Keoacrai/Te?.—eVi Tovrot?, not Strictly ' with a view to ', but

'on the ground of, as just before, e^' ots-.-KptVeo-ât.

§ 15. o-iiSe KaTa p.iKp6v\ fie paubilum quidcm, 'not in the

slightest degree'. Cp. or. v. § 10, p. 124, owSe KaTa to iXaxio-Tov

fiepo^. But in Ar. Fesp. 702, iva-Taôvcnv Kara. fxiKpov aet, paulati/ft,

'little by little, gradually': Xen. An. vii. 3. 22, apTovs SicKXa

AcaTa fjLLKpov, minutim, 'in little bits'.

/xa^7fo-€o-ât...aKoi;o-ai/Ta9] 'But I think that you will under-

stand the case [Trept o.vtQ>v neut] still more exactly in the light of

further comments [Kat ck twv dXXwv opp. to ek twv rjSr) elprjfxevciiv],

when you have heard the history of my action in claim of the

estate' : join [X-adija-ecrOaL Trept avTwv, (XKOvcravTas ti]v Ip^-qv InihiKaaLav

(OS yeyovei/.

d vvv €p.€ eio-ayye'AAojv, k.t.X.] ' who now lays the Information

against me ', the eto-ayyeXta KaKwo-ews : see on § G.—--rrapaKaTajidX-

Xf.Lv vTTip TOV TratSds, ' to institute a claim on the boy's behalf : see

on § 13.




cure 8t' aWo ovhlv aijrois IvofJ-t'Cov iTpoa-rjKUv\ Corrupt. Scho-

niann's conj. gives at least the prob. sense, ovZlv St' aXXo y on

ov8lv ai^Tois eVo/xtCov TrpoarjKeiv, [they abstained from going to law]

' for no other reason than because they thought that they had no

claim to this property'. Cp. § i6, ctSores on e^w âav rrjs crvy-

ycveia?. I prefer this to Scheibe's conj. (p. xliii.) ouSev dWo rj

ovSkv avTol's vofXLôvres irpocrrjKi.iv, ' simply because they thought',

etc. Reiske suggests, ovtc. {ol aXXot) ovSiv, or ovre (Kara yeVos

ovre Kara 8ia6y]Kyjv) ovt€ St" aXXo ovSev.

§ t6. cTrel ovS' uv ovro5, k.t.X.] 'since even the prosecutor

would not be vexing me now, if I allowed him to plunder the

boy's property and did not thwart him': i.e. as on the former

occasion the sons of Stratios refrained from litigation, so the son

of Stratokles would refrain how, did not this pettifogger instigate

him, out of spite, because I (as eTriT/joTros of the boy) protect my

ward's property from his designs.

oL..7rpaTTovTcs] Cp. § 9, Twv avTrj (TVfnrpaTTovTiDv, 'her accom-

plices ', nofe.

T(3 Sxpan'ou TratSt] ' whoso relationship (to Hagnias) was

properly [StKatw?, as opp. to her allegation] only the same as that

of the son of Stratios '. For tw Sxpanou TratSt we must read,

either with Schomann, tm S-rpaTOKXeous TratSt, (the nephew of

Theopompos,) which seems best : or with Baiter, rots IrparLov

TrataL—The assertion made here is false : see stemma. Eubulides,

the father of Phylomache, was the Jirs^-cousm of Hagnias. Strat-

ios, Stratokles and Theopompos were only his seeo//d-cousins.

See on § lo, Trpos Trarpos (Jiv aveij/Lov Trats.

ot KvpiOL T17S 'A. juijTpds] ' the legal representatives of the mother

of Hagnias 'i see or. v. § 10, 7iofe, p. 328.

•ôrav otot re] 'were capable ' = ero'XftT^crav : cp. Dem. /;/ Jlfid.

§ 85, otos t' rjv iruOciv avrov, rjv KaT€8eSt7jr>;K£[, ravr-qv aTroSeStT^rr^ê-

vrjv dirocfiaLveiv, ' he was capable of pressing the arbitrator to return

the award given against him as if it had been an award in his

favour '. avnSiKeii/ otot (Scheibe), without re, would mean merely,

'the kind of men likely to contend', and is unsuitable here. See

or. XI. § 21, p. 142, KOfJLLîLv otos yjv, 'I felt inclined to carry him

away '.



pp. 135, 136] NOTES. 351

§ 17. o Ti avTiypdiJ/oiVTai Trcpl ttjs o.yx-] 'what plea of kinship

theyshould oppose to mine': aVnyp., deliberative siibj.,

vivid for

o Tt avTiypd\pai.VTO.—dvTLypa(j>y], the plea put in against his eViStKaata

(§ 15) or claim.

^ /x€i'...e;(ovcra...ToX|U,7j(TavT€9] 'the possessor of the estate

[Phylomache, daughter of Eubulides], and those who set forth her

claim in kinship, as they misrepresented the matter, were easily

convicted by me, then and there, of having audaciously framed

a statement devoid of truth '. to Trcpl avrri% yeVos, lit. ' the degree

of relationship which concerned her', i.e. on which her claim

rested : see § 5, to yivo% rrj's ay;(to-T€6'a9, nofe.—t6t€, at the

time, -finally disposing of her claim, whereas the mother's claim

was revived in a new form. ypdif/aL, not = the technical dvTiypaxpd-

fjufot, but simply of a statement in writing. Dobree conj. ovk

aXrjOrj ypdij/aL, but ovk dXfjde'; ti = ovS' o'rtovi' dk-rjOis. Cp. § 1 8,

avTW OVK Lo-)(yai Tt.

yivec [xeu, k.t.X.] ' Since, though her collateral kinship [with

her son Hagnias] was the same as my own, (for she was the sister

of Stratios,) she was excluded by the law which gives the pre-

ference to males, they dropped that plea [of cousinship], and,

thinking to get the better of me, described her as mother of the

deceased'.—Polemon, father of Hagnias, had married the daughter

of his own first-cousin. Hence the mother of Hagnias was at thesame time the second-cousin of her son. Her claim was, on

this score, the same as that of Theopompos : his was better only

because males were preferred to females.

OTjyyeFe'(TTaTov...ay^to-T£(,'ats] See or. V. § 14, note., p. 332. t/i/

=' is, as I granted '

: Goodwin §11, note 6.

§ 18. eiTtt ^ypai/'as dv(.i\nov TratSas* eu'at,.,e<^7^'A.eyâ] Corrupt. 136

Scheibe, ypai//as avci/'toi) Trats (Sauppe TraiSa p-e) eivai, Ko.Kdva.'i l^-

€Xe'yâs...o{;rws cTreStKacrapTji/. But there was no occasion for him

to describe himself anew as dv&\iiov Trais, since that was the quality

in which he had claimed from the first. I conjecture, for ypat//as

...TratSa?, ypai/'ao->7s...7rat8o5. The sense is then perfect, 'Next,

when she described herself as the daughter of a first-cousin [and

no longer mother of Hagnias], I proved that daughters of first

cousins., too, were not in the succession [since a first-cousin's son




existed]. Thus I established my claim (eVeSiKacra/ATjv) before

you', etc.

—cKftVas : see

one/cctVots,

§13.

KoX avTwv ovK Lo-xva-e. Tt] ' and of those pleas not one proved

valid ;—for the possessor of the estate, it availed not that she had

already got a verdict against the claimants under the will [i.e.

against Glaukon, § 9] ; for the other, it availed not that she was

the mother of the testator'. ovk tcrpi^TJcre ti : cp. ovk aXy]9i<i n, § 17,

note.

ifji.oi...Tr]v xj/rjcfiov ^vey/cav] * gave their vote in

myfavour'. Cp.

Dem. /n Mid. § 51, tqvtoi% aîol Sowat ttî/ ij/rjcfiov {"/xas.

§ 19. avTiStKTjcrai tw vraiSt tov rjfxLKXrjpiov^ 'to claim the moiety

of the estate on behalf of the boy', = virlp toS TratSos. After avrtSt-

Keiv, the adversary is usually designated by Trpo's Ttva, not tlvl

(cp. § 16, TTpos e/xc) : in Dem. or. xli. Adv. Sj>udiam, § 13, ttojs av

Tttis TovTwv StaôXats avTihiKoiiqv, the figurative sense (= ' contend

against') explains the dat.

III. nEPI TOY KIPONOS KAHPOY. [Or. viii.] ' On the

Estate of Kiron '.—Kiron married his first-cousin, by whom he

had one daughter. This daughter was married, first, to Nausi-

menes ; secondly, to another husband by whom she had two sons,

of whom the eldest is the speaker.

After the death of his first wife, Kiron married the sister of

one Diokles, and had by her two sons, both of whom died youn'g.

At the death of Kiron, his estate was claimed by his daughter's

eldest son. But the son of Kiron's brother, instigated by Diokles,

set up a counter-claim on two distinct grounds : i. That Kiron's

grandson is illegitimate : 2. That, supposing him legitimate, a

brother's son has a better claim than a daughter's son.

This spe^h is the defendant's answer.

The only indication of the date is that the speaker and his

brother were born after the archonship of Eukleides, 01. 94. 2,

403 B.C. (§ 43, /xer' ^vKX.f.L^rjv yap apôvTa yeyovafxev). The speech

cannot, then, be put before 383 B.C. On the other hand, the

speaker's plea of 'utter inexperience'(§ 5) implies youthfulness.

Now, if he was a young man, the date cannot be much below

383, since otherwise it would have been superfluous for him to

tell thejudges that he was born after 403. The date

is

probablyabout 375 B.C. Attic Orators, 11. 327 f.



pp. 136, 137] NOTES.353

This speech exhibits the powers of Isaeos perhaps at their

best, in its combination of the old plainness with the modern

force, of artistic narrative with trenchant proof. It is here given

in full, with the exception of four sections at the end (43—46).

STEMMA.

I1

First Wife

ofKiron.

.o-

Kiion

A OMarried, first to t

Nansimencs ; secondly

to another husband, by

whomI

OSpeaker.

Second Wife of Kiron and sister

A of Diokles.

O (§ 37)

Ot

O

pClaimant

against the

Speaker.

§§ 1—42.

§ I. cTTt Tots ToiouTois] * Indigttation must necessarily be

felt, judges, in a case where men not only dare to claim the

property of others, but also hope by their own assertions to

abolish the privileges which the laws confer': i.e. not only does

the claimant seek to deprive me of property which in fact

is mine, but he also mis-states the law on the subject. The

first clause refers to the claimant's statement that the speaker's

mother was not the legitimate daughter of Kiron : the second^ to

his statement that a brother's son inherits before a daughter's

son,

ouTot] viz. the nephew of Kiron, and Diokles, the brother

of Kiron's second wife, who abetted the nephew : cp. § 3.

ws ow...ovTas, ovSe yei/o/xe'vijs] 'alleging that we are not the 137

sons of his daughter, and that he never had a daughter at all '

yevofxivT]';, gen. absol., to which ws belongs as well as to ovra?.—ov8e, Reiske for the mss. ovre.

§ 2. avTov<;...TovT(j}v'\ tovtwv referring to the same persons as

avTovs: cp. Andok. De Myst. § 64, o.vToi';. . .lKdvQi<i, note, p. 180.



I


TO re 77X17^05] mss. TO 77X17^05 : Baiter and Sauppe, to tc

7rX^ô5, Scheibe, with Schomann, koX to ttA-^ôs.

cxoT;o-t...KpaToi}o-t] 'have taken by force, and (still) hold in

their grasp'.

§ 3- '^'h^ H-^^ ^^^ Kptcnv, K.T.X.] * Now you must not suppose

that in this trial my real adversary is the man who has instituted

the claim ; it is Dioldes of Phlya, surnamed Orestes. For it is he

who has suborned (Trapao-Kevao-as) the claimant to vex us with

these proceedings, because he himself is withholding (aTroo-Tepwv)

from us the property which our grandfather bequeathed'.

Isaeos wrote two speeches, now lost, against this man, Kara.

AtoKA-e'oDs {I/5p€0)s (perh. in the ypa^^' noticed below, § 41) and

jrpos AioKXea Trept x'^p'^^î fr^^SS' ^m- i^- Sauppe O. A. 11. 230.

'OpicTTrjv : a nickname for any violent character, borrowed from

the robber mentioned by Aristophanes (with an allusion to the

Orestes of Eurip.), Acharn. 11 66, etra Karalctc tis atiroO /xe^vW T17S

KnjiaXrjs 'Ope(jTr]<; /xaivo'/Aevos. {AUiC Orators, II. 328.)

§ 4. wcTTTEp Kol TO BUaLov eoTt] ' cvcn as justlcc prescribes',

stronger than StK-aioV Io-tlv : cp. Plat. Laws 630 e, wcnrep to re

dXrjOe';, oT/xat, kol to SiKatov virep ye Oeias (aper^s) StaXeyo/xcVous

Xeyetv, as truth and justice prescribe that we should speak in

discussing superhuman excellence : Laches 181 c, wo-Trep to Blkuov,

as right enjoins.

§ 5. Trpos TrapacTKEuas Xoywv kol fia.pTvpa<;, k.t.X.] 'against

fabricated statements and witnesses whose depositions are false';

cp. Dem. Adv. Otiet. I. § 3, oT8a p,£v ovv, <S avSpes StKaarai, on p,ot

Trpos 7rapacrKevd<s Xoywv koI p,apTvpas ov TokiqBrj [JiapTvpyjaovTa^ 6

dywv icTTLv. And SO, too, the phrase here, eo-Ti fiev ovv pâXeirov,

<JS ttvSpe?, ...€t5 ayoSva KaOtaTaaOat Trepl twv ttjXlkovtwv, has an echo

in Dem. Ad?', kiphob. I. § 2, oTSa p,ev ow, <S dvSpes SiKao-rat, oTt Trpos

avSpas Kai Xcyetv iKavors Kat TrapacrKevdaaaOaL Swafiivov; âXcTroj/

co^Ttv £ts dycova KaOidTacrOaL irepl twv ovtwv aTravTtav. Demosthenes

was doubtless aided by the counsel of Isaeos in preparing for the

contests with Aphobos and Onetor, though these earliest speeches

of Demosthenes have a thoroughly original stamp : see Attic

Oratoi's, II. 267—269.

ov [xrjv aXXa...7rpoo-8oKwp,evov] 'At the same time, I have

strong hopes that you will ratify my just claims, and also that in



pp. 137, 138] NOTES.355

stating these claims— if in nothing else—my own part will be

duly done,

—unless some such mischance befall as I apprehend

just now' [where 'just' will render rnyxavet]: alluding, apparently,

either to an indisposition from which the speaker was suffering,

or to some interruption or annoyance which he anticipated from

his opponents. In either case, the clause av ixrj ti avfjijSfj, k.tA.

is evidently an appeal bespeaking the sympathy of the judges.

ôr]6rj(xaL yiioi ra Stxata] = jSorjOrjcraL fiOL rrjv Sixaiav jSoijOeiav, ' to 138

give me your righteous aid ', concise for Po-q6ovvra<s airohovvai fxoi

Tot StKttta : so Isae. or. IV. § 4, Seo/xai vjxwv...Porj6^lv fxoL TO,

Strata. Cp. Lysias or, XXXIV. § 10, TriarevovTa? fxkv rots 6eots koI

IX-rriôvra'i to StKUtoi' jLtera twv aStKov/xeVwv eaecrdai, note^ p. 194.

§ 6. Xoywi/ aKOTj Kttt fiapTvpcov... rot's elSocrt [xdpTva-Lv] '(I will

prove this to you), in regard to the events further back, by state-

ments at second-hand, vouched for by those who heard them

(Adywv a.Kofj kol /xapTvpwv) ; in regard to events within living

memiory, by witnesses personally cognizant of the facts (tois ctSocri

XpMfji.€vo<; p.apTV(Ti)'.—Aoywv aKorj koX jxaprvptxiv : lit. 'by the hearing

of reports {object, gen.) and the hearing (thereof) by witnesses

(subject, gen.)': i.e. I will bring witnesses who can vouch for

aKo-q Aoywi/, things which are not, indeed, within their personal

knowledge, but which they know by hearsay. Cp. Thuc. i. 73,

Ta Ttdvv TTokaid rt Set Xiyciv ; (uv ctKoat [xdXXov Xoywv /xapTvpe? (for

which the evidences are rather hearsay reports) rj oij/ts twv ukovcto-

fiivwv. So below, § 29, Twv juev iraXaLwy (neut.) aKorjv [lapTvpovvTOiV

Trapep^djaevos, tojv Sk 'Iti ôji/to)]/ (masc.) tous etSoras cKacrra tovtwv.

en 8e Tc/cjLiijptots] ' and, further, by positive proofs ': reK/AT/piot?,

here, logical inferences from established facts, as opp. to fxaprvplai,

allegations tending to establish facts : cp. Antiph. Z>d Caed. Her,

§81, note, p. 164.

riixxv ri Torrov] Rather ^ totjtois, as the plur. rjpâvro directly

afterwards further suggests. Cp. § 45, otl TvpoaiqKu -qixiv ^dXkov rj

TOUTOIS KXrjpOVOfXUV,

o6ev ovv ^pfavTo...8i8ao-K€tv] ' Starting, then, from the point at

which they [the claimants] began their account of the matter,

[avTwv = To3i/ xp>?MaTojv, the history of the bequest,] I will endeavour

to give you my version of it '.




§ 7. Tr/v €/xT7v Tr'/6r]y, k.t.X.] The first wife of Kiron was also

his first-cousin {dv^ypLo), and was the grandmother [rrjOr]) of the

speaker. avrr\v yeyevv^/xeVTjv : avrrjv is not, I think, redundant (as

in Isae. or. III. § 73, t-^v Ovyaripa TTjV Ik TavTfjs aTrotfjavOeiaav

€tvat iiTtSiKov KaTaXiTreLv avTy]v), but = ipsam, emphatic, in sym-

metry with auTov, 'herself the child of his own mother's sister'

—a way of marking, on the speaker's part, that he and his

brother, the children of the first marriage, had an additional tie

with the house of Kiron which was not shared by the connexions

(such as Diokles) through the second marriage.

/i€Ta €i'iauToi)s *TCTTapas*] mss. TpiaKovTa, wh. cannot Stand,

since the words could not mean 'after a life of 30 years'. Dobree

conj. TtVo-apas, supposing X' to have been written by mistake

for 8'.

iyiyve(r6r]v'\ ' were born in due course ' (imperf.) : -yiyvecr^?jv A,

whence Bekker ytyveaôv.

Koi eKSLvrjv re crpeê, k.t.X.] T.e. erpee/je re £Ketv>ji', ...eKSiSwo-t re.

For the place of re, cp. Antiph. Tefr. B. (3. § i, roX/xav tu re aXXa,

note, p. 151.—crwoiKeiv etx^v rjXLKLav : cp. Lysias or. vii. § 29, ovt

iirLfjie.Xr)rrj<i yprjfxevos ov6' 7;At/ctav €)^wv elSevat vrepi tovtwv.—XoAap-

y£t : of the deme XoXapyds.

§ 8. avv i/u.aTtots...€7riSovs] 'with a dowry, including (a-vv)

clothes or jewels, of 25 minas'. Cp. Isae. or. xi. § 42, KaTiXnre

irevTC TaXai'Twv ovaiav koI TpitrîXtcoj/ Spa;!^p,c3v avv rots iavrov

Trarpwot?.—£7rt8oi;s : €7rt='with' the bride: cp. Lys. /V<? Mant.

§ 10, 7wte, p. 196.

o 8e TTo.Tnro';, k.t.X.] ' Our grandfather [her father, Kiron]

'took her to his home; and, without withdrawing the dowry

(large as it v^s) which he had given on account of the embarrassed

circumstances of Nausimenes, bestows her hand in a second mar-

riage on my father ', etc.

§9. ravTi 877 TravTa... eêvpov] 'How, then, is one to place

the truth of all these facts beyond dispute, in face of the charges

which the claimants are making now? [vvv, after so long an

interval]. I sought, and I discovered, a way'.—atrta?, the impu-

tations cast on the genuineness of the speaker's descent. For the

rhetorical ipwrrjcn^, cp. or. Xl. § 11, p. 133, tw Be yvda-ecrOe. tov6\



pp. 138, 139] NOTES.357

oTi e/xoi fi\v ayîCTTeveiv, rots o* l^ Ik€ivwv yeyoi/ocrtv ovk riv...•

avTo<i o V0//.0S ST^Xwcret,

dvayKf) TTJv ifxT^v fi-qripa, k.t.X.] ' The question whether my

mother was, or was not, the daughter of Kiron,—the fact that

she Hved, or did not live, in his house—the question whether he

gave a marriage-feast for her once only, or twice—all this must

be known to the male and female slaves of his household '. The

difference of form made by the alternation of fiy—ov—fxyj is

roughly represented by the alternation of ' question '

and* fact ' in

such a version as the above. The only practical difference here

is that the clause in which ov is used refers to that point which

a member of the household could at once affirm or deny in

the most positive manner,—viz., whether she had, or had not,

been a resident member of the family. See on Antiph. De

Caed. Her. § 14, rj ix.-q...rj ov, p. 161. Cp. Dem. Adv. Lept. § 83,

oi;;^ o vo/Aos KptVerai, TroTepov l<niv cTrtrr^Setos 17 ou, aXA.' r/xeis 8oKt/Aa-

êaOe, etr' cTriTT^Sctoi Trao-^jêiv icTTe ev tov Xoittov xpovov etre jxi].

§ 10. /SovXojxevo'i ovv, k.t.X.] ' Wishing, then, in addition to 139

the witnesses whom I had already, to procure proof of the facts

from depositions made under torture,—in order that you might

believe [-ma-TevrjTe, vivid for Trto-TeuotTc] my witnesses (avrots) the

more, when this ordeal for their veracity was past and not prospec-

tive—I required the claimants (tovtovs) to give up their male and

female slaves for the question, both on these points, and on all

others of which they were cognizant*. He proposed to examine

the slaves under torture Ofi the same f?iattc)'s to which the deposi-

tions of his witnesses referred. If the slaves confirmed the state-

ments of the witnesses, then the witnesses would come into court

with a presumption already established in favour of their truth-

fulness:

whereas, if they had not been tested in this way, the courtmight always suspect that the evidence of the household, could it

be obtained, would contradict them. Cp. Lykurg. In Leocrat.

§ 28, oi/Attt 8erv...T0vs /Mi.pTvpa's firj Swo-op'tos eXcyôv fJLaprvpelv dXXd

oeocoKOTas. TrapeKaXccT'dfj.rjv yap avTOv?, irp6K\r](Tiv virep tovtcov divdv-

Twv ypdxpa'i, koX dîQv (SacravLêLv tovs TOVTOiV oikeras : /. e. I thmk

witnesses should pass the ordeal of veracity before, and not after,

they depone in court. Now I invited their attendance [at the ^daa-

V05, or examination of the slaves], after drawing up a challenge

J. 24




[7rpo/<X7;criv, to surrender slaves] referring to all these points, and

claiming to put the defendant's slaves to the question.

§ 1 2. Kttt tSta Kttt Brjixoaia, k.t.X.] ' Both in private and in

public matters ' : I8ia, as in StKat, etc. : h-qixoaia, as e.g. when the

Hermae were mutilated. This whole passage, from v/âs fxlv toiVw

KoX iSta to Ik tuiv fiaa-dvuiv etTroVres recurs nearly verbatim in Dem.

Adv. OJlct. I. § 37. Cp. Isokr. or. XVII. § 54, opw 8e v/xas /cat Trept tG>v

lotwi/ Ktti Trept rCiV ot^/xoctiwv ovSec Trtarorepov oi;S' dXrjOecrTepov jSaad-

vov vo/xtôvras, Kat fj-aprvpa^ fxcv 7]yovfi€vov$ elvat Koi twv jui; ycyevi/-

/xerojv TrapacTKevacraaOaL, ras Se jSaadvovs <âvcpws CTrtSetKvvvai oTrorcpoi

TdXy]Or] keyovcTL, k.t.X. Cic. Topica XX. § 74, «fl'?;^ ^/ verberibus, tor-

mentis, igni fatigati quae diciuit, ea videtur Veritas ipsa dicere. It

must be remembered that under Greek and Roman law citizens

were ordinarily protected from torture, and that it is citizens who

pronounce these astounding panegyrics on the services of torture

to truth. Cp. Andok. De Myst. § 43, note, p. 176.

ouSeVes TTojTroTc i^^]kkyy(By](jav\ The rhetorical theory of torture

—whether anyone believed it or not—was that a person under

torture will tell the truth because // is his interest to tell the truth

see the TrjTopiKrj Trpos 'A\iâv8pov, XV. § I, TTLcnoTepov iari (3d(ravo<s;

fiapTvpiav' Tots fJîv ydp p.dpTvcn av/xcfiipeL TroXAaKts i//£v8ecrâc, tois 8e i

)8acrai'tô/i.€Vots XvcrtreXet TdXrjOi] Ae'ycu'. A good commentary on

this assumption will be found in Antiphon Z)e Cacd. Herod.

§§ 31 TyT^^—a passage which deserves to be placed beside this of

Isaeos :—

' The slave, to whom the prosecutors had doubtless

promised freedom, and whose release from agony likewise de-

pended upon them, was probably induced to calumniate me on

both grounds—in the hope of winning his freedom, and in the

desire of deliverance from anguish at the moment. Now I

fancy yoni all know this,—that the party in whose hands the

chief conduct of the examination rests have the exaniined on their

side, and ready to say anything that will please them : for in the

torturers is the hope of the tortured, especially if the slandered

persons happen not to be present. Had it been I who gave the

order to rack the slave as speaking falsely, that very threat would

probably have deterred him from bearing false witness against me.

As it was, the prosecutors were at once presidents of the inquisi-

tion and protectors of their own interest. So long, therefore, as the

slave felt that his prospects in slandering me were hopeful, he was



pp. 139, 140] NOTES.359

obstinate in the calumny ; but tvhen he sazv that he was to die, then

at last hetold the truth,

and saidthat

he had been persuaded by the

prosecutors to slander me '.

§ 13. aAX' ov)( i^/xets] SC. cf)€vyofi€V tov e'Aeyjôv.—a^twcrai'Tes—

^cuyovTos—oiSrws : 'since we claimed,.. -while he refused,...under

these circumstances (ourws) we shall demand ', etc.

§ 14. aKo-rjv] 'what they have heard', owrot, the witnesses who 140

have just given their testimony, are not, I think, the persons who

were intimate with Kiron, dl i^(p<J}VTo to) TraTTTro) (for they would be

said etSevat), but 01 Trapd twp' yjitjyjxivoiv a/coucravTC?. See on § 6.

Toi)s iyyvrjaaixivov?, k.t.X.^ ' those to whom my mother was

betrothed and those who were present with them when she was

betrothed to them '. toi;? iyyvrja-afjLivov? = her first husband, Nausi-

menes, and her second husband, the speaker's father. Both are

dead, but the relatives of both (ol cKctVois Trapovres) are witnesses.

The formal iyyvrjcn's was necessary to the validity of a marriage :

see the vo'yuos op. [Dem.] /;/ Stephen. 11. § 18, 17V av iyyvtjcrr} im

8iKatots (shall solemnly affiance) Sa/xapra eivai ^ Trar-qp rj dSeXcji6<;

O/XOTTttTCOp 7] TraTTTTOS O TTpoS TTaxpOS, £K TttwrT/S €LVai TTtttSaS yvr]<JLOV^.

The act. iyyvM was said of tliQ relative, or his representative before

the law (KvpLo<;, or. v. § 10, n. p. 328), who bestows the hand of

the bride, but the midd. eyyv(u;uai of the bridegroom : cp. Her. vi.

130, eyyt»c3 jraiBa rrjv €/xt}i' . . . â/xevou Se iyyvdarOai Meya/cXeos (the

future husband). So [Dem.] or. Lvii. Adv. Euhd. § 41, iyyvarai

o TraTrjp rrjv firjTepa rrjv ifirjv.

TtVes 8e ot Tp€<ô/xeVr;v...Kipwvos] 'And who are they who

know that she lived in the family and was the true-born daughter

of Kiron?' The answer to this question would naturally be, oi

o'lKeraL koI at 6ipairaivai: see § lo. But their evidence had been

excluded by the refusal of the claimants to give them up for

torture:

and the speaker turns this to account by saying,'

Thepresent claimants practically (epyw) bear clear testimony that

these facts are so, by Avithholding their slaves from the question'.

§ 15. ha yvw(j€a9i\ Iva with fut. indic. is unexampled in

classical Greek : see Goodwin § 44. i. Bekker suggests ots yvoJ-

a-eaOe: but I have httle doubt that Dobree was right in supposing

a participle to be lost, as a ixa66vTe<s or dKovaavTes. When the

participle had dropped out, iv was tacked on to a from the last

syllable of eljrelv, and thus arose Tva.

24—



36o SELECTIONS. [Isaeos

*7ratSa)v v'eW*] Corrupt. Sauppe TraiSwv ovtwi', 'as we were

children', wh. conj. is at least more prob. than ovnuvvUwv. Reiske,

from the Aldine Tva-K-rrov vUwv, gives TraTnTov vliwv. I suspect that

the fault lies deeper, and that vUiav referred to the two sons, now

dead, borne to Kiron by his second wife {§ 7, e^ -^s arra) kyiyvia--

6r]v rtets Svo). The general sense would then have been, ola yap

eiKo?, [aiirw fxev ovk ovtcoi^] vlewv, [t^jwcSv Se] 7rai8ajv e$ lavTov Ov-

yaT/30?, K.T.X.

€t? Atovi;crta €ts aypov] The 'Lesser' or 'Rural' Dionysia,

the Vintage Feast, was kept in Dec; the Lenaea, in Jan.; the

Anthesteria in Feb., and the Great Dionysia in Mar. to. kut

dypov<; Aiorvaia, with its rustic sports (chief of which was the

acTKcoXiacr/xo?, or dancing on daKOL, wine-skins inflated and greased,

Pollux IX. T2i), was essentially z.family festival,—hence the point

of its mention here: see Harpokration 143, ra Kara STy'/xov? Aio-

vwia ©eoiVia eXcyero, Iv ots o\ yevvrjraL eTreOvov, in which mem-

bers of the same yeVos offered sacrifice together (30 y4vrj made

a <f>paTpia, and three (^parpiai a ^vXrj).

§ 16. KoX /A€T Ikuvov re iOeo^povfxev, k.t.X.'\ 'and we were his

companions at public spectacles [in the Theatre], where he would

set us at his side [rrap avrov, not Trap' auTw], and for every festive

celebration we came to his house [Trap' eKeu'ov] ' : for avrov... eKelvov

cp. Andok. De Myst. § 64, Jiotc, p. i8o. Cp. Isokrates or. xix.

§ 10, €0)5 p-i-V yap TTttiSes ^//êi', Trept TrXeovos ^fias avTov<s movfxeOa ^

Tovs aSeXôu?, Kai ovre 6v<TLav ovt€ Oeoiptav (public spectacle)

ovT dXXrjv kopTi)v ovBifiiav ^copis aXXi^'Xwv rjyofx.ev.

T(3 Att re Ovoiv K.T.X.] 'And when he sacrificed to Zeus Ktesios,

—a festival which he kept with especial reverence, and in which

he associated no stranger, slave or free, but did everything by

the hands ôf his own household (avros Si' iavrov),—we partici-

pated in that celebration, assisted in the service of the altar, laid

our offerings on it along with his own (orvveTriTtOefxev), and aided

in all else ; and he used to pray the god to give us health and

wealth, as a grandfather would pray'.—Zcvs Ktt^'o-ios was one of

the group of deities (etêcrrtot, p-vxtoi, cpKetot) who were regarded

as protecting the family and its possessions: Harpokr. 179, Kr-q-

(Tcov Aia iv TOLs Ta//,tetot5 (store-rooms) l8pvovTo : the Doric name

of this

Zeus wasJldcrio?,

RossInscr. iii.

52. Small images (o-^/xeta)

of Zeti? Kti;o-ios were kept in little cases or shrines, which were



pp. 140, 141] NOTES. 361

especially called KoZidKoi (ayyetov 8' i(n\v kv u) Tovs Kttjo-iovs Atas

£yKa(9iSpvoT;(rtv, Athen. xi. p. 473, with Casaubon's note ap.

Schweigh.).—avi'eTreriê/Aev, Scheibe for mss. avveriOefiev, a necessary

corr., I think. For liriTiOivai, cp. Ar. JViib. 426, ov^^ av Ovaaifi,

ovB' av (TTreicrai/x', ovS' liriOî-qv At/Javwrov. Cp. liriOvov ap. Harpokr.

in note on ets AtovvVta, § 15.

§ 17. yu-oVous eKyoVovs...KaTaX£\a/A/A€i/ovs] His two sons being

dead, § 7. Dobree would bracket KaTaXeXctju/ieVovs : Schomann

compares Lucian Auct. Vit. 27, Tt's Xot7ro9lyjutv

KaraXctVeTai.

owTos TrapaSoiivat] outos is Dobree's conjecture. The mss. 141

avTos could only mean— ' It is his own fault (and not mine) that

I cannot produce the slaves in support of these statements'. Cp.

§ 14, TtVe? h\ 01 Tpe(jioiievr]v...<fievyovTes rrjv (Sdcravov, note.

§ 18. ai yuvatKcs ai rdv Srj/AOTwv] 'The wives of the demesmen'

are the women of the deme to which Kiron belonged. On his

daughter's marriage, they chose her as one of the two presidents

of the ©€o-/xo^dpta, the three days' festival of Ar//x>jTr;/D 0eo-/xo(ôpo9,

the Law-giver, which was annually celebrated about the end of

Oct. by the women of each Attic deme. It seems to have been

customary for a rich man, on his marriage, to defray the cost of

a banquet at the next Thesmophoria : cp. Isae. or. iii. § 80, koI Iv

Tw 877/xa) KeKTr][jiivo's Tov TptraXavTov olkov, el rjv yeya/^TjKw?, rjvayKa-

ÊTO av virip t^s yap,€Trj'i koI ©€(T/u.o<ôpia (.(ttioLv ras ywvaiKas

[entertain them at the Thesmoph.] koX xaXXa oua -n-pocr^Ke XtiTovp-

yctv iv Tw S/yô) vTrep tj^s yvvaiKui airo ye ouatas TTyXiKaurrys.

ya/Aovs cicrTta(re...Tots re (jipdropat yafirjXiai/ etcr?^vey/ce] 'gave a

marriage-feast ' [on bringing the bride home, as her father did on

her leaving his house, § 9] . .

.

' provided a wedding-festival for his

clansmen'. ya/xijXtai/, SC. Ovaiav, Pollux III. 42, SeiTrvov o Tots

(jipdropcnv liroUi 6 ya/xwi/ : a sacrifice, with a banquet, given by

the husband on the introduction (elaaywyy]) of the bride into his

<f>paTpLa, while the entertainment denoted by ydp,ov<; eo-Ttuv was

of a more private character.

§ 19. Tou UiTêws] or Iltêajs, of the deme of Pitthos or Pithos,

belonging to the Kekropid tribe. This Diokles is a distinct person

from Kiron's brother-in-law, Diokles o <S>Xv€v's, of Fh/ja, § 3.

€ts Tovs 4>pdTopa?...elj-qyayev]

Cp. Dem.or.

XXXIX.A(/l>.

Boeot. de nom.§ 4, iyypdfjm tois 'ATrarovptois TOVTOvl Botwrov ets



362 SELECTIONS, [Isaeos

Toiis ^pa.Topa.<i, This was done on the third day of the Apaturia,

called Koupecarts (the first day being Sop-n-da, the supper,—the

second, dvappva-Ls, the sacrifia): and the ceremony^—here repre-

sented as occurring soon after birth—was seldom deferred beyond

the third or fourth year : Herm. Aiit. i. § 99. 2. 10. Cp. Ar.

Ranae 418, os kirjiTi]'^ wi/ ovk ct^Dcre f^pa.ropa.'i.

ii darrj? kol iyyvr]Trj<i] ' the child of an Attic mother, born in

wedlock': iyyvrjrrjs, betrothed with the consent of her father or

his legal substitute: see ?/ofe on § 14, iyyvrja-a/xivov^ § 10. Cp.

[Dem.] or. lvii. Adz>. Eidnd. § 66, dXka. p:qv d -TvaTi^p aiVos t,wv,

ofJiocra's tov vojxifxov rots (fyparopcrcv opKov, elarjyayev ijxe aarov i$

darrj^ eyyvr}Ti]<; aura) yeyevrjjji^vov etScos.

§ 20. KULTOL fxrj o'UaO' av . . .yvr](TLav Kipcovo?] The «V after

oUaOe belongs to eto-evcyKeiv and d-n-oKpyxl/aadai, being repeated

after ii-qn: with alpdaOox and with (.irirpiTreiv it is again repeated.

In the direct discourse, the form would be : d TotavT-q rts rjv, ovt

av elarjveyKav, aW aTr€Kpv\pavTo (av)...ovd rjpoviro ay avrrjv crwte-

poTTOietv Koi Kvptav liroiovv, aXk erepa av cTrerpeTTOv, . . . oure av elcr-

eSe;(ovTo dWd KaTiqyopovv koX iii]\ey)(ov (av) : where the imperfects,

which 7fi/g/d refer to present time, refer to a continued act in past

time, 'would not have proceeded to choose', etc. : Goodwin

§ 49. 2. The number of clauses in the apodosis leads to the

protasis, ct.-.'^v, being re-stated \\\ a different form at the end

ei p,?} 7rdvTo6ev ^v op.oXoyoi'/xevov, k.t.X.

142 ^'W Se T17 7rept<jE)aveia...TOiourov ouSeV] 'But as it was, owing

to the notoriety of the matter [rov 7rpayp,aT09, her legitimacy] and

the fact that so many persons were aware of it, no such objection

was raised from any quarter', rrj 7rept<^., Tw-.-o-uveiSeVat, causal

datives : cp. Antiph. Z)e Caed.Her. § 3, rots d\y\Bi(Tiv, note, p. 158.

§ 21. Kouiovp-evos auToV] 'to obtain the body, intending that

the funeral should take place from my own house': Kop,torp.€vos, as

being his proper charge : but active Ko\x.it<^v below, of simply

carrying. Ik rfjs otKt'as: i.e. the laying out (Trpoêo-ts) should take

place there, and the iK(f)opd to the grave (p.v^p.a, § 27) set out

thence. Cp. ivrevOei', § 22: Lysias In Eratosth. § 18, rpicCv riplv

oiKtwv ovdOiV OT38ep.tas €(.Wai/ i^€i'e^6rjvai, note, p. 2 04.

KO[XLt,eiv otos ^v] ' I was disposed to remove the body '. For

the distinction betweenotos

andolds re with infin., see above, or.

XI. § 16, oloi re -âav, note, p. 350.



pp. 141, 142] NOTES. 363

§ 22. o-v/t/xeTaxei/ot^€crâi...Koo-/xi7crai] 'help in tending',...

'dress' (for the wpodea-Ls:). Soph. £/. 1139, ovt' Iv îXaio-t x^po-ii/

Tj TttAoiv eyw|

Aourpois o" CKocr/xr^cr' . . . aAX €v îvai(riX^P^*- Kil^^vOel^

TaXa?, K.T.X. A/ii. 903, TO (TovI

8e/xa9 TreptcrTeA-Xoucra : SO componere.

Here o-u/x/xcTa^jêipi^. refers esp. to the washing of the corpse :

Lucian Ilepi ttcVôds, ii, Aoi;cravT€s...ftvpa) xpto-avTes...Kat orcâvoj-

cravres rots wpatots <xvQ(.<Ji, KpoTiQi.vra.i^ \afnrpoj<s dix<piicravT€s.

§ 23. aXAct Kttt im'^cr6ai...Tov<s XafSovras] 'but alleging that he

had actually (/<at) purchased part of the requisites of the funeral,

and had given earnest-money for the rest, Diokles claimed these

sums from me ; and came to an agreement that he should be

reimbursed for his purchases, while, as to the alleged deposits of

earnest-money, he was to produce those who had received it '.

dppa/?cuv : a small sum paid in advance as caution-money. Arist.

Poht, I. II. § 9, âu\v avTov. . .appa/3<2va'i StaSouvai tcjv iXaiovpyCwv...

oAiyou ixKrOiauajxevov ar owSeros €7ri/3aAAovTos, paid earnest-money

all over the country (SiaSoCrat) for the hire of the oil-presses,

getting them at a low rent, as no one bid against him.—crvo-Ti^crat

:

* to introduce ',' present ' to the speaker the persons who had

received the dppafSdv : cp. Dem. or. xli. /u Spiidiatn, o^d\i.iv

oj/xoAoyei juot IIoAveKKTog Kai tov AeiDKpaTrj arvviaTrjcre, and presented

L. to me (in proof of transactions between L. and himself).

£v9vs ow...7rape^êyy€To] 'Well, then,—he immediately re-

marked in a casual way that Kiron had left nothing at all behind

him,—though I had not yet touched on the subject of Kiron's

property'. irapecjiOeyy., threw in the observation carelessly, as if it

were not the thing uppermost in his thoughts. Cp. Hypereides

J^ro Euxenippo XLII., koX to TrdvTwv Seivoraroi/ twv iv T(o Aoyw Aeyo-

fi€vwv VTTO crov, 6 (TV cuov Xav6a.v€Lv wv kpeKa Aeyct?, ov Xav-

6dv(i)v, OTTOTC TrapacfiOiyyoLO iv Tw Aoyw TroAAaKts ws "TrXovcrios

icTTlV ED^£l/l7r7rOS.

§ 24. uv hi Tis et;] ' Now who are you ?' The Se marks that

the speaker's attention is suddenly turned on the intruder. Her.

I. 115, <3 hicTTTOTa, iyco 8e raura iiroLyjaa.

ov fi-^ ctaet] 'You shall not enter'. The only practical dis-

tinction which can be drawn between ov p.rj ct'o-et and ov ixrj

€laiX6r]<; is that ov p.rj dau states the negative future fact in a more

direct and positive manner. This direct and positive negation,




addressed to a person or persons, ?nay of course, as here, be

equivalent to a prohibition : Ar. Nub. 367, 01; fx-q \aXi]aeL's, 'You

shall not prate '. On the other hand, unless the mss. are altered,

ov ixrj TTotT^'crcTc (e.g.) is sometimes merely a rougher and stronger

ov fx.yj TTOL-qa-riTf. : Aeschin. In Ctes. § 177, Tovs...yap n-ov-qpov'; ov

fi-q TTOTc yScArtous TToir/o-cTe. Elmsley's view that ov fxrj ctcret (e.g.)

meant ' will you not not-enter ?' appears to be decisively negatived

by such passages as Ar. Nuk 296, ov fir} a-Kwif/ei fxrjSk iroirj(rei<; [v. 1.

o-Kwil/rjs—Troty]arj<s\ airep ot TpvyoSaLfMOves ovtol,

[aAX' ev07^/xei [not

£u</)7^/i.>;'cr£ts]. Cp. Goodwin § 89.

CIS €0) Se-.-cio-evcyKeiv] 'but requested me to place the money

in his hands early the next morning '. iKeXevov usu. = ' / r^-

quested'' or învited', iKeXevcra, ' I comma7ided\ though the dis-

tinction cannot always, of course, be sharply drawn. In Xen.

Anab. vii. i. most mss. have the milder iKeXeve in § 38 and the

more peremptory cKe'Xevo-e in § 39—rightly, I think : though

G. Sauppe adopts in § 39 the v. 1. iKeXeve. On the other hand

cKeXeve is preferable to the vulg. cKe'/Vevcre in such places, Anab. u.

5. 3, IV. 3. 13.

143 § 25. ov Totvvv eKeivos-.-etTrev ovScV] 'Now it was not Diokles

alone who was silent ; the present claimant of the estate said

nothing to such a purport either [ovSei' tolovtov, nothing implying

that I was not the lawful heir] ; it is Diokles who has suborned him

to contend ' : i.e. ov /xoi'os eKcivos ovSei/ cittcv, aXX ov8e o vvv dp<f)L-

o-^rjTiov (eiTTcv oriovv): the aw^kwardness arising from the J>os//>one-

?nent of tiTrei/ oiJSeV, which leaves ovhi with no corresponding

negative before it, since ov belongs only to /ôVo?. All would be

clear if ov8c were Ka/, and et7^£^' ouSeV were eatytjo-cv.

Ka/<ei'vov...ai/aXa)/xaTa)v] 'And although Diokles (eKCLvov) re-

fused to recewe in payment (aTroXa/Jeii/, as § 23, twv -qyopaaixivaiv

TifjLTJv dTroXa(3eLv) the money which I tendered, and alleged next

day [when I brought it, eis Iw § 24] that he had received it in full

from the claimant (tovtov), yet I was not prevented from attending

the funeral, but took part in the ceremony throughout : not that

the claimant or Diokles bore the cost ; the charges of the burial

were defrayed out of the property left by the deceased '. ovx ottojs :

i.e. ov (Xe'yw) ottws {(rvi'i6aTrTov) TovSe dvaXicrKOVTos (gen. absol.).

§ 26,' xatVot KOL TovTO)] 'The claimant too, however, [i.e.



pp. 142, 143] NOTES. 365

even if Diokles had remained passive] was bound to repulse me

(djêiv),— to repudiate me{IkôXKîx)

—to forbid

my presence at

the funeral', w^ccf, to repel advances: iK^dXXciv, stronger, to

eject from the company of the relatives.

ovSev yap ojnoiov ^v fjioi -rrfjo^ tovtov] ' For my attitude towards

him was utterly different [from his towards me] ' : r.e. /, claiming

to be the grandson and heir, still recognised /u'm as a nephew of

Kiron : but /le, on his own theory, was bound to regard me as an

impostor. ovSkv ydp ojxoiov -qv /xoi Trpo? tovtov [koi toi/tw Trpos e/u-e],

is an answer to the possible objection :' If, as you say, he ought

to have excluded you from the funeral rites, why did you not

exclude ///;// ?'—hence ydp.

§ 27. cTTi Tov *ixvriixaTo<i*'\ 'at the tomb' : Schomann's emend.

of firijjLaT0<;. Dem. De Cor. § 208, tovs Iv rots Sr//x.ocriots ftv>7/i.acrt

Kup-ivovi.—Itu tov ju,v7jju,aTos, like cTTt rov SLKafTTTjptov, before the

court. But the phrase is strange, and the supposed conduct stranger

still. If /??7/AaTos is right, it prob. means the tribune from which

the speaker addressed a law-court, when claiming the inheritance

in some proceedings previous to this case. Cp. § 37.—aTroo-re-

pwv, 'withholding'; cp. § 3.

§ 28. 7r66ev Be tov<; p.apTvpa<;\ ovk Ik to>v /Saa-avoiV',. k.t.\.]

* And how is the credibility of witnesses to be tested ? How but

by statements made under torture ?' [by slaves examined on the

same points] : see §§ 10 f, j8oi;A.OjU,evos...7rpos rots VTrdpxova-t fidprv-

(TLv eXey^ôv Ik PacrdvuiV Troi-qcraaOai Trepl avTwi/, k.t.X., and twtcs.

TToOev 8' a7rio-Terv...Toi;s cAe'yxous;] 'And how are we entitled

to disbelieve the statements of the claimants? How, but by

their shrinking from the ordeals of proof?' [by refusing to permit

the examination of their slaves : § 13].

§§28,29. TTws ovv tti'Tis...'^S£aav;K.T.X]

'Howcould one

provethe case more clearly than by offering a proof of this kind,

producing, for the earlier part of the story, hearsay evidence {dKorjv)

vouched for by witnesses, and for matters within living memory

[lit, from among men still living] those who know the several

facts,—who were cognizant of her living in Kiron' s house, being

acknowledged as his daughter, having been twice betrothed and

twice married : then further, proving that the claimants have

shrunk from applying the question, on all these points, to slaves




who knew the whole '. The complexity of this sentence is studied,

and the subtlety is Isaean. The really weak point in the speaker's

case obviously is that, for the principal facts, he has nothing but

a.Kor\, hearsay evidence, by way of proof He tries to get over this

by a persistent assumption that the slaves who had perso7ial know-

ledge of the facts would have confirmed this hearsay evidence //

only he could have examined them. By his way of introducing

Toi)s ciSo'ras in this sentence he makes it depend on 7rap6;ô'/xevo?,

suggesting that he had actually/;-d?^//rr^ witnesses who had personal

knowledge (toijs ciSoVas), whereas, at most, he had only tried to

produce them. Then toutods after eVt 8e ko.vjwv depends on

cn8etKvw9, supplied kclt twoiav from 7rape;\(o/Aei'os.—On o.Kori see

§ 6, 7iote. For fxapTvpovvT^v I should prefer [ji.apTvpovvTa<;.

144 § 30' 4'^P^ ^Vj k.t.A..] His first point has now been made

viz. that his mother raas the true-born daughter of Kiron. Here

he comes to his second point. Briefly it is this. Descent in the

direct line (yeVos) gives a better claim to succession than collateral

kinship (o-uyyeVeta). Descendants (e/cyovot) have a right to inherit

before collateral relations (o-vyyevets). And therefore a grandson

before a nephew.

Koi voixLt,w fxlv a7rXws...Si8a|oju.ev] 'Now I suppose that, as a

general proposition (aVAw?), it is already as clear to you as to

me [/cat vfuv^ that Kiron's collateral relatives (ol fur Ikuvov c^wtcs)

are not nearer to the legal succession than his lineal descendants

(ot e^ iKEivov yeyoroTcs). Of course they are not ; we call the former

merely his "kinsfolk", the latter his "issue". Nevertheless, since

even under these circumstances the claimants have the hardihood

to dispute my right, I will prove the point more in detail from the

laws themselves', ot /xera nvos e^wres, kinsmen in the same

generation *vith him, brothers, sisters, or cousins. Dobree's

aXAws for aTrXws is needless : aTrAtus is opi^. to aKpifêarepov.

§ 31. (TvvoLKrjcrai /xev av, k.t.X.. ..cTrt Stercs rjfSrjaav'^ 'would be

entitled to marry her [i.e. his own niece], but would not be

entitled to the property, which would go to their children, v/hen

these had come of age ' : eVt Stere? -rj^rjcrav, ' had been e<^r?ôt for

two years', i.e. had completed their 20th year. o-iroTe ^/3rjaav,

not q^Tjcre.Lav, because the fact is presented as definite and past :

<^P- § 37? OTTOTC d TraTTTTOs cTcAciJTTiaer, where TcAevrt^Vetei/ would be



pp. 143-145] NOTES.367

admissible, but the indie, is used because the speaker is looking

back on the historical fact of the decease.

§ 32. Ik to£1 Trept T17S KaKwcrews vojxov] ' Now this appears, not

only from the foregoing consideration, but also from the law which

deals with breaches of natural duty'. An ela-ayyeXia Ka/cwo-ews

might be laid against (i) a son, on behalf of his parents—or, ace.

to this passage, his grand-parents : (2) a husband, on behalf of

his wife, she being an iirLKX-qpos [the phrase is always rats ItvlkXyj-

pois] : (3) a guardian, eTrtrpoTros, on behalf of his ward,—as in

reference to the estate of Hagnias (or. xi., introd. p. 342). In cases

of KciKwo-ts the accuser could speak avfv {JSaros, without limit of

time (Harpokr. 161), and was not liable to the iirwêXia (or fine

in l^th of the damages laid) if he failed to gain a fifth of the

votes.—For the term yovets extended to Trpoyovoi, cp. Her. i. 91,

K/Dotcros Sc TrefJLTTTOv yove'os (i.e. of Gyges) ryu a/xapraSa iêTrXrjcre.

§33. Trpos eva Se...ip<jiT7]aoi\ ' I will illustrate my meaning

by 145a particular case of collateral kinship,—the nearest,—and will ask

you to compare with it the several degrees of lineal descent'.

Trpoadiw, sc. tov eKjovov, I will compare (the lineal descendant)

with one—the first, nearest—of r^//(7/^r^/ kinsmen, (auyyei/wv), viz.

a brother : and will question you, toC yeVous Ka6'' eKacrrov, on the

details of lineal descent (ycVos) as distinguished from crwyyeVeta:

i.e. I Avill first take a dai/ghter, then, descending, a daughter's

child, etc. If it appears that even a daughter's son is nearer than

a brother, a fortiori he is nearer than a brother's son.- and I,

therefore, Kiron's grandson, inherit before his nephew.

§ 34. 7ravT€s yap vjjiti<;...a.vc-7r&LKov\ 'You all inherit the

property of your fathers, grandfathers, or remoter ancestors

in virtue of a lineal descent (yeVous) which guarantees your suc-

cession against dispute ' : your ayxicrreta, legal nearness or right

to inherit, is aveTrtStKos, not to be contested : that is, no one

can, as against lineal heirs, iTnSiKdîaOat tov kAt/'pou, claim the

estate at law ; nor have you to assert your right by an eViStKacrta.

A person who entered on possession of an undisputed inheritance

was said ip-âTeveiv eh toi/ KXijpov. Cp. [Dem.] or. XXXIII. Ad?'.

Apatur. § 6.

§ 35. ^Xijijo-i] Phlya, of which the exact site is doubtful, a

deme of the /xco-oyaia, or district s. e. of the Attic Plain, seems



S6S .SELECTIONS. [Isaeos

to have been a place of some note, with several temples : Paus. i.

31§

4, IV. I

§5.

Hi(TOo(f>opov(Tav . . .evpLo-Kovcrav] 'one house,—which is let,—near

the temple of Dionysos in Limnae,—worth 2000 drachmas ' (about

^80) : evpLCTKova-av, ace. to Schomann (comparing Boeckh I'u/'.

Econ. 67), not of the annual rent, /^laô's, but of the sum which

the house would fetch if it were sold : and as the value of the

other house is represented by rpiOtv koL SeVa [ivwv, (about ^<,2,)

this seems probable. Cp. Isae. or. xi. § 49, Xaiê'Aca)s...xwpioi/

KaTi\nr€V o irXeov ovk av evpoi TpiaKOVTa p-vwiV. Xen. Mem. II.

5. 5, orav T^s olKerrju irovrjpov TroiXrj /cat aTroStSwrat tou eiipovros,

= TovTov o av evpr}, strictly, ' for that which will bring him gain',

/. e.' for any price the slave will fetch '.

Otpanaiva^ koX 7rat8i(TKijr] The O^pdiraiva was an ordinary

domestic slave : Tr\ yvvatK\...ixrj irpiaaOai OepaTraivav, aAXa pLtadovcr-

6ai els Tas eôSovs Ik Trjs yvvaLK€ia<; to TraiSiov to (TwaKoXovurjaov, of

the dveXivOepos or mean man, Theophr. C//ar. xxii. ( = xxv. in my

ed., where see note, p. 255). Traihia-K-q, 'girl', might be merely a

synonymn for Oepd-rraiva, as in Lysias or. i. §§ 11— 12, where

BepoLTratva and TratSiCT/cr; seem to designate one and the same

person. Schomann, however, would distinguish them both there

and here, regarding TratSto-K?; as one who was exempt from

menial work.

oo-a cf>av€pd rjv'\ 'all the real property' (land, houses, etc., as

opp. to money),—here including the slaves, who are considered

as furniture of the houses : cp. [Dem.] or. xxxviii. Adv. Nausi-

niach. § 7, T17V oiio-t'ai'...a7rao-av \pio. KaTeXeirrov kol cftavepdv ckck-

T-qvTo p-LKpav Tiva, ' left all their fortune in debts, and had possessed

only some small amount of real property '.

146 §3^' iKCLv-qv fjiev yap...eto-7rot7ycratTo uioV] * For Diokles ab-

stained from finding another husband for his sister, though she

was still capable of bearing children in another marriage, lest, if

she were separated from Kiron, the latter should form the proper

resolve regarding his own property [i.e. should adopt my brother

and me as his heirs], but persuaded her to remain with him '.

Uiokles is the subject to eêStSou and eireiOe, but Kiron to ôvXev-

(jaiTO.



pp. 145, 146] NOTES.369

8ta<^^£ipeti'] sc'. 70 €fxj3pvoi', de abortu : so 8ta(^0opt/ (ionicc)

Hippokrates Epidem. Vll. 48, = ctTroc^êtpeiv //^. iv. 2, 5, iâfji^Xova-

6ai.—irpo(Tiroiov}Jiivy}v SLa(f)Oetp. aKOvaav, i.e. on SLe<f>6it.p€v aKovcra

i^had been^ doing so hitherto).—As this passage shows, a child-

less union could be dissolved at the instance of the wife's

relatives : cp. Isae. or. iii. § 64, -noWoX o-woikowtcs ^St^ aîj-

prjvrai ras iavTwu ywaiKas.

elaTroLnjaaLTO vlov] 'adopt as his son', like 7rot?;craiTO : but § 40,

act., avTou Tw Trarpl €l(nroLy]aas, of one who forges a will for his

own adoption.

§ 37. ra re ovvXP^'^---^'-' o.^tov Troteio-ât] ' So Diokles

gradually persuaded Kiron to place under his control (St' avrov

iroulaOai) all the monies (xpc'a) that were owing to him, with the

interest upon them, and also the real property' (ra fftaiêpd).—Tct re xpe'a corresponds with to. re (jâvepd (' both'...* and

') : the

Ktti before toVovs merely connects it with raxp£'«>

= o'^'*' Tots

TOKOis.—St' avTov TTOula-Qai : cp. Isae. or. VI. § 35, Ictkottow ottws

Kat TiX^vrrjfTavTos iK€Lvov St avTwv âoLTO i^ ovcria, ' should be in

their hands '. [Dem.] or. XLViii. /;/ Olyvipiod. % 15, koX to dpyvpLov

Tov6 airav î\€v auros St' eavTou o dv9pwTTo<;, had under his exclusive

control. Cp. above § 16, clvtos St' lavrov iravr cTTotct, noie.

oVo'Te...€T£A€i;7->7orcv] ' wlicH my grandfather had died'. At that

time he had not died : but ereXeiJTiycrei', not TeXeuT»;o-€i€v, is used,

because the speaker is now looking back on the death as a past

event. See §31, oTroVe, . .yj(3r]aav, note.

7rape(TK€vat,e, k.t.X.] Cp. § 3j o ToGrov 7rapa<rK€uaaas : § 25, vtto

ToiiTov TrapacTKevaaOcLS '. § 27, tovtov TTCTretKCV a/jt̂ tcr T̂^reti'. piepo<i

TroXXo(jTov...ix^rahihov<;, 'offering {pres.) to give him a small frac-

tion if he succeeded ' : he said, /AeraStScofit, kdv KaTopOwarj?.—ov8e

Trpos TovTov ofioXoyMv, ' admitting not even to [/. e. in conversation

with] him': cp. Isokr. Evag, § 50, Trpoa-oixoXoyyjaeiev^ note, p. 245.

§ 38. Koi £7r€tS?}...ToV TraTTTTov] 'And immediately on Kiron 's

death, having made his preparations for the funeral beforehand,

Diokles requested me, indeed, to bring the money;...but then pre-

tended to have received the whole amount from the claimant, and

withdrew his consent to take it from me,—thus quietly setting me

aside (viro-rrapwOoiv), in order that the claimant, and not I, should

appear to celebrate my grandfather's obsequies'.—ra ivTd<{>ia,



370 SELECl'IONS. [Isaeos

here = to. cts Trjv rat^yqu, § 23, all requisites for the Trpoêo-is and the

iK(f>opa.—TO dpyvpiov : see § 24.

dfi(fitcr(37]Tovi'To?...yiYvoiJieviav] 'As the claimant disputed my

possession of that house [ravTr]';, tlie house in which Kiron died]

as well as of the other property left by Kiron, and alleged that he

had left nothing behind him, I did not think it proper, under such

inopportune circumstances, to use force in removing my grand-

father's corpse,—and my friends approved of this decision ; but I

took part in the rites of burial, the charges being defrayed by the

property which my grandfather left'. Cp. §§ 21^—22: the en-

treaties of Diokles' sister induced him to refrain from removing

the body.—aKatptuis : for the plur. see Anfid. § 283, nofc, p. 257.

avveTTOLovv : for ttoluv, of sacred rites, cp. §§ 16, 25. twi' dvaXwix...

ytyr. : the same point as in§ 25, ou;^ ottws roDSe dvaXCaKovTos, k.t.X.

147 § 39- 'ôv i^r]yr]T-^v...i-n-yvcyKa] 'I consulted the interpreter

of the sacred law, and, under his directions, rendered at my own

charges the ninth-day offerings to the dead'. Cp. [Dem.] or.

XLVll. In Everg. et Mnesib. § 68, i-rreLSi} tolvvv iTcKevT-qa-^v, rjXOov

tos TOWS i$r]yr]Tas, iVa etSeir^v o Tt [X€ y^prj TTOLeiv vepl rovTwr. The

office of i$r]yrjTTJq was usu. hereditary in Eupatrid houses who

possessed the wm'n'/fen lore of religious tradition : cp. [Lys.] /;/

Andok. § 10, po] p.ovov ypriorQa-i rots yeypa/x/x€vots Trept aurojv vo'/aois

aA.A.a koX rots aypaôts xa^' oSs Ei'/x.oA.7riSat k^riyovvrai. In later

times there are references to a wriiten lore in such matters, e.g.

a ritual of purification for suppliants, lK€T<av KaOapai?, Athen. ix.

78.—Ttt evara, novendialia, as rptra, Ar. Lysist. 613, offerings at the

grave on the third day after death : yearly offerings are mentioned

jn Isae. or. 11. § 46, Ivay'dprj aura) Ka(f eKaarov ii'iavrov. Herm.

A fit. III. § 39.

Lva...iKK(^\}>aLpi] 'that I might disconcert this sacrilegious

scheme of theirs' : Upoa-vXcav, i.e. their usiii'pation of my right (as

nearest kinsman) to honour the dead.—eKKoi//at/xt, 'knock out'

<of its course, baffle : cp. Lysias or. xxviii. § 6, Iva. avTwv iKKoif/rjs

Tcts arvKocpavTia'; ; Deinarchos 7n Arisfogit. § 4, koX xas Trpof^dcrw;

Kdi Tovs <^(.vaKLap.ov% iKKo\{/aT€ avTOv.

§ 40. o-;(e8oV Ti TavT ecrrtv] 'are substantially these'. Cp.

Soph. £/. 609, o-^cSoV TL...OV KaTaicrxyfoi, it may be said that I do

not... : A??/. 466, (r;>(e8oV tl p.u>p(a p.oiptav ocftXiaKavu).



pp. 146, 147] NOTES.371

T17V ovviav . . .Zi(xB-f]Kr(v\ ' Diokles holds the property, which sup-

ports his present splendour, by an act of usurpation (dWoTpiai').

Three sisters, children of the same mother, were left heiresses to

the estate ; but he contrived to represent himself as their father's

adopted son, though the father had made no will recognising such

adoption'. As Diokles became guardian{§ 42) to the son of one

of these sisters, they were probably his own half-sisters on the

maternal side (cp. ttjv dSeXcjiyv, § 41),— their mother having pre-

viously or subsequently married the father of Diokles. dcnroi-r]-

aa?, by forging a SiaO-qK-r] : without which, the testator's ownchildren would have inherited (by ayxio-reta) before a child born

by his wife to another husband. Diokles was driven to this

device because an aScA^?} d/xo/AT^rptos could not marry her half-

brother, and therefore he could not obtain any part of the property

by marriage with one of the iTvUXripoi.—Cp. § 36, where the midd.

cto-TTciTjcratTo is said of the adopting father.

§41. rati/ 8' d8e\(ârv,..8t'Kj;v Se'SwKe] 'when the property was

claimed on behalf of two of the sisters by their husbands, he

contrived to make the husband of the elder sister his prisoner,

and then subjected him to gross contumely. An indictment

for outrage has been laid against him, but he has not yet ex-

piated this offence', raiv Suotv ; the third sister was apparently

unmarried, or no longer alive : we are to understand that Diokles

seized hershare

unopposed./caroiKoSofir/o-as = /caTaKXeto-as eis

oLKYjixa (Harpokrat. s.v.), having shut him up in a house or room from

which he could not escape : cp. Thuc. i. 134, TTj/jijo-avres avrdv koI

ciTroXa/ôVres ctcrw diri^KoSofXTjo-av, ' walled him in '. i-môvXeva-a^

following KttToiKoS. is a irpwOva-Tepov, since the ' plot ' is that which

led to the capture. tJTLfjiwa-e : usu. taken here as ^ r/Tifiaa-e, ' dis^

honoured ', referring to some personal assault or outrage such as

rySpts indicates : cp. Aesch. SuJ>//. 644, aTi/xwo-ai/TCS (= art/x.acrav-

Tes) epLv yvvaLKwv. Elsewhere in prose otTtyudw usu. = to deprive of

civic rights. If this is the true sense here, Diokles must have

subsequently charged his captive with some offence which would

entail aVt/xia. ypac^-qv v/Jpews : the same prob. for which Isaeos

wrote his speech Kara AiokXcous v^peoi^ : see on § 3, and Sauppe

Or. AtL II. 230 f.

T^s 8e iLter' Udv-qv . . .iK^vi^ SeSw/ce] ' As to the younger sister,

he employed a slave to murder her husband,—-got the man [Uwov^




Tov otKCTT/v] oiit of the country,—threw the guilt on his sister,

and, having crushed her by his villanies, has further deprived her

son—whose guardian he had become—of his property,—keeping

the land, and giving his ward a piece of stony ground '. Kara-

TrXTÎas refers less to a judicial condemnation than to the help-

lessness of a cowed and broken spirit : cp. Dem. or. xxxvii. Adv.

Pantaen. § 43, t/Xikov eort -rrXeoveKTrjixa (ironical) to KaTair^TrXrj-^-

6ai TOV /3lov.—(fteXXia : vulg. (jicXXâ Se ;!(wpia «TTa. But têXXea is

acc. sing, of (f)eXXev<;, stony ground. Dobree thinks that x^pta

arra arose from a scholion on (fieXXia,

—-^mpLov ctTTtKco?. It maybe that we should read êXXia arra, some pieces of stony ground :

cp. Xen. Cyneg. v. 18, orav tovs Xtôus, rd opi^, ra ^cXXta [rot

(fiiXXia G. Sauppe], ra Sao-e'a aTroxwpwcrt ' when (the hares) take

refuge among stones, or on the hill-side, or on rough ground (ra

êXXta), or in underwood' : the contemptuous force of arra is

certainly appropriate.

ScStWi fjikv . . .tdui^ 8' av WeXijaeiav] For the form, instead of

KatTrep SeSiores avTOV tcrws av iOeXrjcruav, cp. Soph. £/. "jog, (rravTe?

8' 00" avTov^ oi TCTay/jLevoL (3pa/3rj<;|

KXijpov? tirrjXav kol KaTiaTrjo-av

^Lffipov^, = kXt^povs TTtyXavres KaiidTTfrav..

<



INDEX I. GREEK.

The first number refers to the page, the second to the section ; thus loS

§ 122 denotes page io8, section 122. For the note on that section, see 108 in

the margin of the Notes (p. 290).— )( means, 'as distinguished from.'

a, 'and as to this,' 108 § 122

djSaToj, of a pure life, 78 § 58

0,70^0,, TO. t8ia, of lands, 115 § 52

ayaX/j.aTa )( avSpiaftes, 129 §32, 130

,§44 .

070x0), el or eav, 117 § 20

ayairrtaeis, ei, ' you may think yourself

lucky, if...,' 48 § ndyaTrriTuis, 'barely,' 44 § 16

dyvo-qdevra, ra, the oversights made,

101 § 88

dyopa, law-courts in the, 7 § 10

a7o/9ix 'l7r7ro5a/xfta, 25 § 45, 60 § 23

ajxiO'Tiia, legal sense of, 125 § 14

„ ^ )( cvyy&eLa, 135 § 17

ayxi-o'Te'iai,

degrees ofaffinity,

131 § 3d7xttrTeiac TrapaXa/m^dveiv, 145 § 34

dydiv, of war or civil strife, 123 § 7

dyuvicFTris, a debater, 83 § 15

dona, technical sense of, 22 § 34dSrj(paye'LV, in § 54

I dboKifiaaros (of a 'nnrevs), 43 § 13' aipeiadai with infin. )( TrpoaipetffOai

58 § t7; to espouse a cause, 107

§62a'ipecris, narrower and larger senses of,

1/2 § 38alria, ' merit,' 21 § 12

alrias Xeyeiv, to bring charges, 138

,§9

aKaiplaL, 146 § 38

dnXripwrl, 44 § 16

dK/xai, al, the period of youth, 89

_

§ 289, 112 § 37d/corj Xdyuf, 138 § 6

d.Koriv ixapTvpdv, I40 § 14, I43 § 29:dKoKaaia. )( v^pis, 2 § 3

i

OKbXovdos, hoplite's servant,124

§ 11

aKovcrioL alriaL, 2 § 3

d/i-pi/Seta, t;, the exact truth, i § i

J-

CLKpifieiai, ai, ruiv uSfMUf, 11 3 § 40

aKpipârepov, with more subtlety, i

§ r

aKpoirdXei, ev, of the Parthenon, 129

^ §42^

aXaloveveadai, 79 § ^

d\T]0eiaL, al— To, ^pya, 88 § 283, 78

§47dXiT-qpioi, 4 § 3

.

dXXa 7dp, elliptical, 112 § 40

dXXd n-ev 5?;, 60 § 27

dXXd p-rjv, 74 § 16

dXXd vvv, 68 5 15

dXX' ov8i, 119 § 25

dXX' ovu, 10 1 § 85

aXXos= '

besides,'66

§ 25,76 § 22

d/j-apTeiv, miss his desert (t.e. punish-

ment), 5 § 6

dpieXelv avTov, to neglect self culture,

120 § 2

dfUKTOs, unsociable, 92 § 300

dp.t.XXd(j6ai, oXTivei Sdôvci, 79 § 50

dpicpidvpos olKia, 49 § 1

dp.4>L(T^T]Tuv, construct, of, 80

Kara di.a67]Kr]v or Kard boaiv.

§ 4;

i2_;

§14

8

of

dpi(poT€puv, position of,

37§ ^

dp-uicyeirois, 56 § 7

dv separated from its verb, 123 ?

dV with fut. infin. 128 § 23

dv with imperf. or aor. indie,

repeated act, no § 52

dv with aor. infin., referring to the

future, when omitted or required, 6

§ 2, 56 § 6, 64 § 47 „ .

,

dv with infin., representmg av with

optat. of direct discourse, 38 § i,

113 §43,128 § 123

dv, omission of, with infin., how ex-

plained, 46 § 1

25



374 INDEX I. GREEK.

av with participle, lo § 19, 28 § 57,

^^

88 § 270, 102 § 92, 120 § 3

dV after wawep, with elHpse of verl),

18 § ir

dv omitted with infin. after ware, of a

supposed result, 81 § 9dv with pres. infin. ( =dv with imperf.

indie.) and with aor. infin. (= dv

with aor. indie.), in the same sen-

tence, 141 § :o

dvd wevre Kal 8eica, ' in groups of...,'

dvajSalveiv els"Apnov irdyov, 112 § 38;

ewi 'iinrov, 45 § 1

acd7e:;' [xpV/J'O-ra) eis aKpoiroKiv, 109

^§ 126

dpayKoioi. )( (Tvyyei'e'iS, 26 § 50

dvaypd<peiv, to write up in public, 97

^§ 180, 113 §41

dvaO-qixara, votive offerings, 129 § 41

esp.='E/DMai'i 22 § 34dvaiadriTios 5i,aK€la6ai, 81 § 9dvaKaXelv, 25 § 45

'AvaKuov, 25 § 45

dva!X(pLCf(ir]Triros, 126 § 18

dvairaveadai, to pass the night. 57

§ 12

dvairiixTTiiv, to send up country, 105

dvaTTT^po?, 46 § 13

afdararos, meanings of, 106 § 57dvarideadai, to take up a (waggon)

load, 65 §19^dj>a(pipeLv tlvI [dTrdXoy'iav), to shift a

charge on to another, 65 § 17

dvacpveadai, to spring up, 84 § 19dvbpaTtobLaTT^s, 67 § 10

dV6pes= individuals )( communities,

94 § 169

dvdpo(pbvoi, 67 § 6

dveinblKO^, 145 § 34dv€V iiSaros \^yeir, 144 § 32 (note)

dvexofJ-CLi, x'^po-v TreTropdrj/xii'Tjv, 106 § 58

dvdpuirivws, 'by a human standard,'

,^8 § ,S7

dvTapKelv \\<th partic, iii § 56

dvTLypi(pcada.i, 135 § 17

dvTiypa<pr!, 70 § I

di'TiSi.Kt'ii', construct, of, 138 § 6

dvTidoaeis, 109 § 128

avTUf-waia, 72 § 13

dvcofiaXus ixei-v, 1 13 § 44dca'/xoroy, inexactly used, 8 § 12

aTrayopeveii' with partic, 77 § 54d^ây(^}y^j, aTrdyecdai, of arrest, 212,

,7§9

d7raXXa7€/s with eK, 22 § 16

dwaWdacretv, to wean from, 114 § 45dirapxci, fig., 'tributes,' 129 § 42

aireLirov, 119 s 25

dTreiprjKibs, 121 § 4

aTrevLavTLafjLos, 15dwlWeiv, 69 § 17

aTrXcDs, ' on a genei'al view,' 144 § 30

dit-oypd(puv, to denounce, 22 § 34, 61

dwoypdcpecrdai, to take an inventory,

dwodiOoi'ai )( dTro8i8oadai., 50 § 19

aTTodlSoadaL, 56 § 99aTTodveiv )( €k8v€iv, 67 § 10

dTTOKaXelv, 77 § 57, 80 § 4

dwoXaveiv (p\avpbv ti, i i 7 § 2 i

dwdKiiTreii' )( KaTaXeiiretf, 61 § 27

dirdXelireaOaL tQiv Kaipu)v, 75 {5 19

diroXoylav understood with rqu Trpori-

pau, 8 § 13

diroXveLv nvd tlvi, 10 § 20

diropp-qra, actionable libels, 67 § 6

dwopprjTCp, iêXdeiv iv (of the Boi/X??),

25 § 45, cp. ^g § 21

dTrocracrtou )( dwpoaTaaiov Su'cti, 70

§ 2 (note)

dwocTTCiTioi', 100 § 85diroXafx^dveiv, to receive in payment,

143 § 25

dirocpopd, payment by slave to master,

,^3 §.38

d7rox'»jp're"'(milit.), to detach supports,

44 § 16

dvpdy/xwi', I § I

aTrpocroicrrcos ^xetJ', 79 § 49d'pa, 86 § 273

dpyvpiotov, 80 § 4

dpicrrlvb-qv diToXXvvai, 32 § 30dppaîSva dtdovai rivos, 142 § 23

dpxvî adverbial, 85 § 272

dcrreos, oi e^, )( oi iK Tleipaidis, 38 § 2

dcTTrjs Kal iyyvrjTiis, i^, 141 § 19

0(7X0^ )( l^j/ot, 53 § 35d(TTpd^7], 45 § 1

do-Tii, without art., of Athens, 91

§ 299, 124 § II

driXeiai, 130 § 47dTifiovv, to disfranchise, 127 § 19

dTLIJ.OVV—dTLp.d'(€LV, 1 47 §41ai'XriTpLCjLV, ev, 114 § 48

avTos, of one's own accord, 107 § 63

avToxeip, 117 § 19

dâipe7a9ai (midd.), sc. ei's iXevOepiav,

60 § 23

d(paipe2aOai (pass.) ret oVAa, -.^ § 95

d(pUvaL TLud, to drop a prosecution,

125 § 13

d<pi(TTa<Tdai, to desert one's post, 119,

,

§--5

d(picTaaOaL twos, to resign, 104 § 100,

I26§ 18



INDEX I. GREEK.375

PaSti'etc (ett' ot.\/as), of domiciliary

visits, 48 § 7

pddpa, in ekklesia, 62 § 37pdcravos, torture, as a test of truth,

i39§ 12

PaaiKevi, the king of Persia, without

art., loi § 88; with art.,. 97 § 179

PacTLXevs, the second Archon, 46 § 13

jieâ.ovv tlvL n, to confirm one's title

to a property, 128 § 22

ê^Lwij.eva, rd, one's course of life, 40

pijfia, in the ekklesia, 100 § Si; in

law-courts, 68 § 15, 70 § 20^lata, rd, forcible seizure, 72 § 12

p\aa(pri/xiai, 82 § 11, 107 § 62

ôvXeveiv = l3ov\(VTTJs dvai, 42 § 8

povXrifia, IBovXofjLat, of theory or ten-

dency, 74 § 15

Pu}/j.oXoxev£ff6ai., 11 5 § 49

^w/xoXoxos, 88 § 284

ya/j.TjXiav ii<r<pipei.v, 141 § 18

'^dfj.ov'i effTidv, 14 1 § 18

yeypafxfMeva, rd, the terms of a treaty,

33 § 35. 35 § 40

yevvrjrrai, 140§ 15 (note)

yevos )( crvyyiveia, 144 § 30

yevos, TO irepi tlvos XeytLv, 135 § 17

yivos TpiTov, 131 § 2

yepaiorepoi, ol, 5 § 6

yrjpaios, rare in Attic prose, 3 § 11

yiyveadai rrepi ti, 98 § 181

yiyvucTKiLv to resolve (aor.), 77 § 54yva<p£iov, 70 § 2

yvwfj.r]v ^x^Lv, of one's sensations, 118§ 22

yvdjf.t.oves, 66 § 24

yvwpLdTal )( SiKaara', 17 § 9470«'e(j, including irpoyovu, 144 § 32

ypdfx/xaTa, written laws, 1 1 2 § 39ypa/i/xarevs, understood with dvayvib-

cerai, 62 § 33ypd<pe<jdai, to note down, 60 § 24

yvfxvdaia, rd, exercises, 114 § 457i;/tj'a(r(oi' )( TraXaioTpa, 2 § 3; fig., a

fieldof oratory, 91 § 295

8', perhaps changed to \' in MSS.,

138 §7tavd(rp.aTa, sums lent at interest,

145 § 35SapeiKos (ararrip), 48 § 1

dacTfioXoyeii' (rii/as), 108 § 25

de instead of dWci, 6 § 5

6^ in (TV 5^ TLs tl ; 142 g 24be ovv, 106 § 58

bibeiKTai, it hasbeen proved, 93

§ 165

bet /j.oi Ti instead of 8u fioi rivos,

iS S 12

deivd woitiv, buvov iroie'iaOai, 29 § 63OeKapxicLL, 103 §95bôfiai {ovbiv e5e6/j.r]v X^yeiv), 26 § 49Seo}, with infin. (iroXXou 8eu apxnc),

104 § 100, 114 § 47dyjXwaai, to prove, 6^35r]\d'a(i, b^, 70 § 20

b-rj/xaywyos, of Perikles, 109 §" 126

bij/xoi, Attic, 114 § 46

br]/j.0Tevea6aL, 70 § 2

briixbaLov, t6, the treasury, 50 § 9

St/jplov KciTaXvffews ypacprj, 23 § 365ta (Lv )( i^ iiv, 1 13 § 42

bid T)p.ds, ob nos proditos, 30 § 63,

cp. 31 g 28

5ta Ticos TToidcrdac, to place in one's

control, 146 g 378iaj3€^\7]p.ei>os, of blemished name,

87 § 278

bid eavTou iroieiv, 140 § 16

bid, repeated (01) 5:' d'XX' ovbkv t) bid

TOVTOvs) 128 § 23

biaypd(p€ip b'lKTjv, 126 § 17biaiTTJTTIS, 67 § 6

biaOrjKTfv, /caret {KXTjpovop.elv), 133 § 9biaKeiadai dvdvbj u)s, ()'S> § 184; e5, 87,

§ 278

SiaXajidi', to apportion, 48 § 7

diaXeiwu}, with partic, 129 § 41; in-

transitive, 119 § 27

biapi-apTvpiiv, to enter a protest, p.T]...

elvai, 126 § 16

bidvoia )[ ovoixara, 'the spirit' )( the

'

letter',

67 § 7btaTTpdacreadai, to obtain, 126 § 17

OLaairelpeiv (fig.), 105 § 104

oiacFvpeii/ (fig.), 92 § 300

biariiievai dirbpojs, 57 § nbiarpepiffdai, to dispute, 69 § 1

biacpdeipeiv, 146 § 36

biSaKTov ? Is Justice, 84 § 2

biKdêffOai, to plead in law-suits, 84

§19; esp. of \\\&prosecutor, opp. to

(pevyeip, 47 § 4

biKai, eiaiv, or ovk elaiv, 123 § 7biKaia, rd eK rwi' vofiuv, 136 § I

biKaiov, uawep to, 137 § 4

biKaaToi /card brjjJLOvs, 72 § 12

biKaaTTjpia, for (puvov biKai, 8 § 1

biKf))(

ypafpi) and eiaayyeXia, 43 § 12

bibjvai Ti tQ XP^^Vt 15 § 86

bioiKelv, to administer a trust, 134

bioij-waOai, 132 § 6

diofxoXoyeTaOai, to bargain, I42 § 23

SiupLOffd/xevoi, 8§

12

Aiovvaia, rd târ' dypov, 140 § 15

25— 2



376 INDEX I. GREEK.

dLoplêiv, extermitiare, 96 § 174

biojfjLocriai, 15 § 88, 16 § 90

doKi/JLacrdrjvai «'s &v8pai, 112 § 37SoKL/j-aaiai, cases of scrutiny, 42 § 9Soâ )( €in.(rT7]fJiri, of Isokrates, 80 § 3,

120 § 460'âs )( doKuv, loi § 89

boâariKoi, 83 § 17

56a"tc, Kara, dfxcpKT^TjTe^v 125 § 14

Socris )( 5ia$r]Kri, 125 § 14

dpaaai, redundant after afiaprdvovTei

(= failing to execute), 2 § 6

SpacrKaêii/, 69 § 17

5paxpi-a.s, understood, 1 45 § 35dwa/j-Lv exî-f, to have an import, 86

§ n5,

,

8upacrreia, r) eiri tov îjixaros, 108 § 121

SuuaffTevoPTes, oi, 95 ^ 170

8uvdaTr]$, a man of influence, 99 § 81

SvvaTos, able-bodied, 46 § 13

dvffx^p^s, 'invidious', 84 § 19, 87

§ 2S1

kpovKofjLtjv (without dV), of what onewishes were true, 5 § i

eôvXo/xTjv dV, 51 § 22 ; where ôvXoi-

p.y)v dv seems required, 19 § 14

eyyevofitvov, accus. absol., 127 § 19

i-^yvdv, Attic, imperf. ijyyuuv, 126

§ 18

iyyvdadaL, midd., said of the bride-

groom, )( iyyvai', of the bride's

father, 140 § 14

iyyvdadal riva, to give bail for one,

60 § 23 ^

iyyvTjTCLS rpeh KaQidTavaL, 9 § 1

iyiyvero ){ eyevero, II 27.

eyK\-)]/j.aTa )( diKat, 114 § 51

iyKTTjiJ.aTa, 34 § 36, 38 § 3

€yx<^pi^, is (logically) admissible, 13

§ 29

el, with fut. indie, after eXeetj', 57

§ 15

d 1X7] did Tiva, ' had it not been for

him,' I03 §192

etdt], branches of oratory, 83 § 17elBos, irdv to, tCiv Trtcrrecov, 87 § 280

eiKos, as a topic of Rhetoric, 87 § 2S9

eiXureveLV tlvl, 122 § 5

dvai, pleonastic (to vvv iXvai), 85 § 270

itivep /JiaxVt ' if you mean to fight,'

67 § 10

elpyaafj.^vo^, as part. perf. midd., 65

§17, .

elpyeiv (Lv 6 uofios dpyei, 151

ds, ' on,' of expenditure, 10^ § 96,

128 §39el(Tayy€\iai}{ypa(pai, 109 § 130

eiaayy^Wciv, to lay an impeachment,

18 § 12, 23 § 37; with accus. of

person impeached, 135 § 15els ew, 'early next morning,' 142 § 24

elaiivai, of a law-suit, 126 § 17

ela-rjyelcrdai ôuXtjv, to introduce a

plan, 29 § 61 ; vepL tlvos, 95 § 170

el(nrifj.irei.v, conject. for fi^Tr^fiweiy,

elairoitiv eavrdv, to allege one's ownadoption, 147 § 40

elaiToidadaL viov, to adopt, 147 § 40eiffcpopal, 50 § 20

etra, 5 1 § 26ecTe...dTe fir], with fut. indie, 116

§54eK Tovruv, as the result of, 14 § 45 ;

on these grounds, 70 § 5

eK tQv dWiov (neut.), /xavOdveiv, 135

,§ 15

,

e/c TiSv ^nudvwv TTiffTeveaOai, 145 § 28

eK Twv \oLwQiv, 85 § 271

eK in Toiis eK r^s Oa\da(rr]s dveXiadai,

54 § 36

^K in 6^ eroifiov, 83 s 15^Kaaroi, singly, 94 § 166

iK^dWeiv TLvd, to repudiate, 143 § 26

eK^dWeadat, to be thrown overboard,

12 § 38_^

i KâpâpodaOai, 78 § 47'iKyovoi )( (jvyytvets, 144 § 30

e«5i5ovat, to publish writings, loi § 85;

to give in marriage, 138 § 8; to

give up, 95 § 169, 96 §§ 175 f.;

esp. to give up slaves for torture,

139 § 10iKet, oi, the dead, 106 § 60

eKetvoi, a use of by Isaeos, 134 § 13

eKelvos, referring to a person just in-

dicated by name, or by avros, 29

§ 60, 30 § 64, 140 § 16

iKelvios elinhv, 97 § 179

eKfKevov )( eKeXevcra, 142 § 24

iKKaOevdeii', to bivouac, 57

(note)

eKKtjpvTTeLV, 53 § 35

eKKoirreiv, to disconcert (a plot)

§ 39,

eKXafi^dveiv, to receive by surrender,

correl. of e/cSiSoVat, 104 § 100

eKfJ-eXerdf, 2 § 7

eKT-qixriv, 38 § 3

eKTVTTOvcrdaL, to be rough-hewn, 83

§ 16

eK<pipti.v TTc'Xe/xoj', loi § 88

eXaaffovadai, to be at a disadvantage,

10 § 19, 87 §281

eXavveiv vms, 116 § 54'EXoôaxi/cro?, a nickname, 59 § i<)

12

147



INDEX I. GREEK.377

k\6.X<-<^T0v )J.ipo%, with negative, 82

§11

1X67X0" îhovai. (of witnesses), 139

eXeetc, ei (with fut. indie), 57 § 15

eWeiTreiy, intrans. 'to fail,' 100 § 85

ifM^dSes, 124 § II

i/xfiîeiv, to abide by, 84 § 20

iixireipiai, 81 § 10, 83 § I4

if/.Tr6piov, 78 § 47l/HTTVOS, 119 § 26

iu fxipu, 93 § 164

ev rah /.wvapxlo-is, ol, 75 § 18

ev TT) Trpotpda-ei, by means of..., 57§ 12, 65 § 20

iv Tois /xeToiKois, in their case, 52

§27ev Tois ^xXoty, before mobs, 76 § 2

ev y, in a case where, 62 § 36

evaPTidiaeis, inconsistencies, 81 § 7,

ii6§ 54emra, rd, 147 § 39(vdelai, privations, 109 § 128

ivdeL^LS KaKovpylas, etc., 7 § 9, 157,

212JVSe/co, ol, 67 § 10

'^v€Kd yi rivos, so far as concerns it,

7§8ivepydêcrdai, to engender, 80 § 6

• iv^xvpa, fig. ' pledges,' 34 § 39hi] /cat via, fair-day at Athens, 71

§6tvdivZe, instead of ivddSe, 96 § 174

ivdvrjCTKW, {or evaTToOvqcTKo}, 43 § 15

e;'^y,aer<r0at, with genitive, 98 § 184

evdvfirjdrjvaL )(eiwe^v,

95 § 170- ivdv/xTj/xara )( ovbfxara, 83 § 16

ivravdol instead of evravda, 5 § 2

evTd<pi.a wpoTrapacKevdêcrdan, 146 § 38

evrevdiv, 'from that point,' 138 § 6

iâjyeiv, to export as a slave, 67 § lO;

to eject a tenant, 128 § 22

eâipuv xj/ricpovs, 126 § 17

iâipdadai et's iXevdepiav, 72 § 12

iâpyvpiêadai, 129 § 43eêyyvdcrdai (pass.), to be released on

bail,72 § II

e^fpydêcrdai, to work out, loi § 85

iêaT7iK€Kai. tQv iroXiTiKuv, 95 § 171

i^r)yr]Tt]S, of sacred law, 147 § 39eilTTjXos, 114 § 47eûiXetac eirapaadat, 48 § lO

ewdyeLv (tovs dpxovTas), 66 § 22

', eirayeadat, to induce, 107 § 63

eirayyiWeadai dper-qv, 84 § 200

ewavopdovadai, 94 § 165

eir' aiiTocpdipcp (fig.), 61 § 30

€Ve77i;ai', to give security,69 § 17

f'Tretra, ' in the next resort,' 52 § 31

kireîpxeadal tlvi, to prosecute one,

1-24 § 9

iire^yjeLV, Attic, imperf. of the above,125 § 12

eirepydêffdai, to till sacred soil, 66 § 24e-n-qpeacrpLos )( v^pis, 2 § 3 (note)

iirl dieris ijîjcrai, 144 § 31

eirl TovTcov p.iveiv, to be constant to

these aims, 121 § 3

iirl TWOS, 'in his time,' 108 §§ 123 f.;

'in his case,' 90 § 292

iirl Tou * p.vr]p.aTos* , 'at,' 143 § 27

iiri TouTots, 'on these terms,' 72 § 11

'on this basis,' 135 § 14iirl Trj TOVTOv 8La(pdop^= 'U he is to

die,' 3 § 10

iirl TLVI, KaTaXelweiv, to leave at his

disposal, 133 § 8

iwl Toh \6yois elvat, to be at their

mercy, 6 § 3

inl ovofiaTi tivos )( virSp tlvos, 134 § 13

ewl ToTt ToiovTOLS, 'in such cases,' 136

§ I„

eirl 6\r] {ttj ouaia) vonjOrjvai, as heir

to the wholeestate,

123 § 7eTriSeiîs, in rhetorical sense, 103 § 93irrideiîs yvdpLTjs, at Olympia, 36 § 2

ewidtddvai, to give a dowry, 42 § 10,

138 §8eTTLdLKdêaffai. /cXiypou, 129 § 40

irridiKos, 126 § 16, 138 § 7

cTTi'Solos, 'expected,' not 'expecting,'

1 14 §47imdoffeLS Xap^dveiv, to make progress,

78 §48, 109 § 127

iTriSo(Ti.s, a subscription,' 1 28§ 39

(note)

ewiyap-la, 38 § 3

^n-t/cXrjpo?, fig., of a avp.(popd, 46 § 14

iwiKovpelv, to serve as mercenaries, 94

§ 168

iiriKovpoi, foreign troops, 55 § 94(TTikajBeiv r6 v5wp, 70 § 4

(TriXelireLV, intrans., 'to fail,' lO § 17

eTTi/ieXeiat, 116 § 55

i7nfj.€X€T(Tdai= €infxeXrjTds tripTreiv (in-

spectors of the Attic liwplai.), 66

§ 25iirip-eX-qTai tuv KaKovpywv, ol, 10 § 17

e jTLvouv, to form designs, 2 § 6

iinopK€iv, archaic for the simple 6p.vu'

vat, 69 § 17

fTTLTrXoKv, rhetor, term, 1 13 § 44 (note)

iirKXKrjirTeffdai (rj/evdo/xaprvpLibv), 72

§ 14, 124 §9fTTLCiioirelv, to visit, 119 § 25

eTl(TTaep.os, a Persian official, 93 § 162

eirLdTaTilv, to supervise education,

ii"! §

37ein.<7TiXXeiv, to say in a letter, 99 § 8r



3;8 INDEX I. GREEK

€Tn<TTTj/jL7) )( 56â, of Isokrates, 80 § 3,

85 § 271, 120 § 4

eTriarrjvai,to come suddenly on

one,

93 § '65

iiriaTrjvaL iirl Siavolas, T03 § 93e7rir7/5etot )( 01 TrpocrrjKovres, 1 28 § 40

eTriTrjdevfiaTa, 3 § 10, cp. 79 § 50,

112 §40iwLTi.dii'ai., of laying incense on the

altar, 140 § 16 (note)

iwiTifjiLa, TOL, rod (pbvov, 4 § 4

etrlTifMos )( dVi;U05, 51^21€TrirpoTTos, guardian, 124 § 10, 134

§14eiTKpipeiv, to bring offerings to graves,

107 §61, 147 § 39eTTujj'D/uot, the twelve Attic, 128 § 39

(note)

'ipavos, 106 § 57ip-yaarripLov, a manufactory, 48 § 8

epi!)€s, at, 'eristic' discussion, 79 § i,

84 § 20, 120 § 3

"Epp-aX, the images, 22 § 34; name of

a street at Athens, 70 § 3

ippwp.eveuTepui's, 93 g 163^ppwro epydêadai, was bent on doing,

61 §31'EcTTt'a BouXai'a, 21 § 15

eraiplai, oligarchical clubs, 54 § 36

eraipoL, in political sense, loi § 87

'iT€pos= KaK6s, 119 § 25

evTjdeia, 94 g 169

eududLKla, 126 § 16

evKoapla, 112 § 37evvoia as a source of persuasiveness,

87 § 279eiffoi/j, accus. pi., where edvoL is

_needed, 54 § 93

evpeais )( rdîs, in Rhetoric, 82 §12(note)

eiipiffKeiv Tt, to fetch a price, I45 § 35euTpuTreXia, Athenian, 90 § 296

eiiTpdireXos, irj § 49eu(pv)]s, 88 § 284

tvxeadaL, of an ideal, 109 § 127

evxfjs afta (in j| like sense), 98 § 182

{(pirai., their jurisdiction, 8 § 1 1 (note)^(prjlôs, 112 § 37i(pTjyr](ris, leg. term, 66 § 22

e<piKV€i(rdai rivos, to do justice to it,

^78 §49

ecpodia, 43 § 14

ccpopav, force of, 94 § 168

^X^pa, on accuser's part, cited as a

proof of his good faith, 47 § 2, cp.

Zeiis Kt7;'(tios, 140 § 16

^rjrriTai, a commission of inquiry, 23

§ 36

j'uji' Karopi'xdv'ôp.ai,3 §

10

T]'='or else,' introducing the second

alternative, 1 19 § 27

T]pi^(rai eirl dieris, I44 § 31

ijXiaia, ;7, 69 § 16

rjXiKia, 7] vvv, 94 § 167

7]XiKiav ?xw, with infin., 138 § 8

ijpiKXijpLov, 136 § 19

r]/x<pia[-iriTr](Ta and i)p.(f)€<j^r'jT-qaa, 80 § 4

riiîovv, not ij^lovi' dv, 15 § 86

âaov perh. to beinserted, i

§i,

39§8 _

7]<Tvxi-os, joined with a.irpdyiJ.wv, i § i

TjTTjpLevos, 'borrowed,' 46 § 12

QaTTTdv i^ ot/ct'as, 142 § 22

0dTepov= Tb kclkSv, 119 § 25

davp-dû) vfiSiv, OTi eare... 38 § 2, 67

§ 23

Bavpdîo ei p.-q... 119 § 26

BepLevoL, ol, the mortgagees )( ol êVres,

tlie mortgagers, 127 § 210eou'ca = Ta Kar^ dypbv Aiovvaia, 140

§ 15 (note)

OepaweMi, 'attentions,' 76 § 22

depaireveiv, to court, 105 § 104

Ofpairwi', 69 § 19

6eop.odiTai, presidents of the ballot for

offices, 46 g 13

deuipeiv, of spectators in the theatre,

140 § 16

Oewpia, a sacred embassy, 98 § 182

dewpiai, spectacles, 116 § 53OrjTeia )( dovXeia, 55 § 98

Q6X0S, 25 § 45

I5â, uses of by Isokrates, 77 § 54,

83 § 16

toitDrat, ' private persons ' )( public

men, 54 § 36, 82 § 14; 'strangers'

)( senators, 59 § 21

Uvai et's Toi'S pia-BojTovs, 128 § 39

iepd, TO, KOLvd, 97 § 180iepbv, TO, of the Parthenon, 1 29 § 42

'iva with imperf. indie, and d'c, 132

§ 6 ; with fut. indie, in final clause,

not classical, 140 § 15

i-mrLKri, riding, 44 § 10

'iTTTToSa/xeta dyopd, 60 § 28

iarjv biivatiLV 'ix^'-i ^<^tis T€...Kal oa-

TLS... 16 § 92

Ldov 7]^ p,oi...p.r] iXdelv, 8 § 13

iaoTToXireia, 38 § 3

iabrriTes, forms of civic equality, 74

§ 15



INDEX I. GREEK.379

fo-Xutre, 'proved valid,' 136 § 18

KaSlcTKoi, ballot-boxes, 62 § 37Kad' iKacFTov epwrav, in detail, 145

§33Kadriydadai, to infer, 125 § 14

Kadrjcdai, as a suppliant, 128 § 39KadiinroTpocpeTv, 129 § 43

Kai, emphasizing a verb, 52 § 29, 92

§ 160

Kai, emphasizing noun or adject. (Stl

Kal dî6\oyoi'), in § 56

Kot= ' actually,' 16 § 91, 142 § 23

Kal fih dri,'

and further,' 53 § 35/cat... /cat, with verbs, 77 § 54, 85

§270Kal ravra, 'and that too,' 84 § 20

Kai TTOV TL Kal, 6 % 6

Kal p.y)v, 'further,' 99 § 185

Kal, redundant {ov naXKov virb twv d\-

\uv rj Kal vir ifiov), 1 1 § 23

Kal elra (Kara), nevertheless, 12 § 27

Kal, to be omitted, 15 § 88

Kaipol, ol, the right moments, 83

§16KaKTjyopla, law concerning, 224

KaKOT]de?ai, 88 § 284

KaKoiradetv, of imprisonment, 5 § 2

KaKovpyos, Attic sense of, 157

KUKOvpytas ^fdei^LS, 7 § 9KaKwaews ypacprj, 132 § 7, 144 § 32

Ka\t.v8ei(x6ai irepl ri, 84 § 20

KaXivdHcrdai. eirl tov jS-jj/xaros, 100 § 81

KaWupe'ciTdai, 106 § 60

Ka\(j}S yiyovihs, 112 § 37

KairrfKeLOv, 115 § 49Kara with gen., 'in witness against,'

97 § 180

/caret ivxh^, 98 § 182 (note)

Kara fUKpdv, three meanings of, 135

§15KaTayi\a<TTOs, 96 § 176

KarayiyvwaKeiv elcrayyeXiav, 132 § 6

KaraX^yeiv, to levy troops, 99 § 185

KaraXvcns, rj, tov Sijfiov, 23 § 36

KaTairXtjcrcreii', to crush one, 147 § 42

KaTaTTOiKiWeLv, of oratory, 83 § 16KaracKevai, of public buildings, 78

§ 47 ;private establishments, 1

1

§52/cardtrrao-is, situation, 1 15 § 50; state-

allowance to lirireZs, 41 § 6

KaraffTTjuai, to become settled, 60 § 25

KaraffTTJuai roaovrov rivi, to cost one

so much, 20 § 1

Karaxpv'^dai, to utilise, 96 § 1 74KaT€(7Td6r]v )( KaridT-qv, 62 § 34

Kar^Xîv, of tutelar gods, 106 § 60KaroiKodofxeiv, 147 § 41

Ke1u9ai, as perf. pass, of TW-qm, 94§ 168^

KeiaOai aTrXu)?, of a law, 113 § 41KeK6p.iap.aL, in midd. sense, 'have

recovered,' 128 § 22

KekewLV )( alTeicrdai, 18 § i ; imperf.

and aor. distinguished, 142 § 24

kIvSvvoi, ol TTpbs rip.S.s ai'rou?, 96 § 1 74kLvSwos, fig. , a cast of the die, 40 § 9Kivdwos Trepl tov ixt] audrjvai {

= prj ou

ffwdeiev), 2 1 § 1

K\r]povcrdai, to draw lots, 116 § 54kXt7Pcot6s )( alpeTdf, 46 § 13

KXiaiov, 50 § 18KOLvd, TO,, public life, )( to. i'dia, 42

§ II

KoivSs, of the Athenian character, 92

§ 300

Koiv&T7]s, of the Attic dialect, 91 § 296

Kop-a, conject. for ToXpa, 44 § 18

(note)

Kop.l'êiv )( Kop-iêadai, 142 § 21

Kopî\eLv )( (pepuv, 129 § 44

K0(7p.elv, to dress the dead, 142 § 22

Koap-iios d/UTT^xecrât, 44 § 19KocFpios )( eirnr\a, 50 § 19

/cocr/ioj, the firmament, 97 § 179

Kparelv, with both gen. and ace, 102

KpaTuv Ti, to hold ni one s grasp, 137

KpiffiV TTOIUV )( KpiffLV TTOieicTdai, 02 § 35

KpidLS, a legal issue, 137 § 2

KptT-qs )( diKaa-T-ris. 41 § 21

KpiTTJs )( doâcrriji, 17 § 94

KTTjpLaTa, TO, 'E\\y]vi.Kd, senseof,

79§50

KtV'oJ Zei's, 140 § 16

Kvêvecv, 89 § 2S7

Kvôi, oi, dice-playing, 42 § il

Kv^K-qvos {araTvp), 48 § 1

KvXivoeladai )( KaXivSelaOai, 129 § 44

KwqyiJia, Td, hunting, 114 § 45

Kvvoaapyes, 29 § 61

KvpLos, legal sense of, 114 § ro

KwXvei, impers., with adverbial ovdiv,

80 §6KuXvELv, with simple infin., 143 § 20

Kup-ai, town-wards (Athens), 114 § 40

\', perh. an error for 5' in MSS., 138

§ 7

Xayxdveiv jSoffiXeu's, to draw the lot to

be..., 46 §13Xayxdveiv K\vpov )( Xayxavdv K\-npov,

126 § 16

XavddveLU otl Tri(ppaKa= Tr€(ppaKu;i, 102

§ 93'XeiTovpyiai, 109 § 128, 128



38o INDEX I. GREEK.

\r)i,i'i {SLicns), 123 § 8

Aifivati, Aiovvatov to iv, 145 § 35

"KoylOLa, 84 § 20"KoibopeludaL, midd., lOO § 81

XotTTos KaraXeXetja/ieVos, 14O § 17

Xveadai dovXovs, 10 § 20, 89 § 288

Xi;ecr6at ai'x/oiaXwroyj, 50 § 20

TiUirodvTTjs, 67 § 10

âKphv relxos (without art.), as a dis-

trict, 25 § 45

fidXa, 'I can assure you,' 9 § 17

fiavla, mad discord, 121 § 2

fieyaXocppovelv or /x^ya (ppovelv, 113

§43/j-eipaKiov )( Trar?, 2 § 3

îh...M, doubled, 114 § 47

fxipos, ov5^ rb e\dxi-(^TOv, 124 § 10

pLeffeyyvouadal tl ivapa, tlvl, 80 § 5

pieTo. Tivos (pvvTes, ot, collateral kins-

men, 144 § 30^

fieracrTrjffaudai. toijs Idiwra^, 59 § 2

pL€T0iK€7v )( TToXireuecrât, 50 § 20, 118

fjiiToiKOi, Polemarch's jurisdiction over,

70 § 2

fjL€Tpi6T7)s, of Attic dialect, 91 § 296

pL€Tpi,6TT]TeS, 122 § 4

/u^XP' TovTov ^ws av ôvXrjaOe, 31 § 69

/U7J with infin., after <pdaKW, 128 § 22

fir] alternating with ov in clauses de-

pendent on et, 9 § 14, 138 § 9

/Ln) where /j-i] ov would be normal, 2

/Ui) with participle after etivep, 2 § 5

/X17 irregularly placed {p-rj 6p.o\oyovaii>

d.7ro6aveiv), 13 § 28

fiT] apparently redundant {Kivovvos Tre/ot

Tov pLi] uwdrivai), 21 § 12

/ht) corrupt, perh. from fjui?, 11 § 21

/UTj ori...dXX' 0^5^..., 72 § 12

pLTjdev tQv avTUv — TrdvTa dLd<popa, 82

§ 12

fMKpbv diaX^yecrdai, to speak low, 44

§ 19 «„

Hi(x6ovv )( jxicrdovadai, 65 § 1

pLux6o<popdv, said of a house, 145 § 35

ixicrdwjis, rent, 124 § 11

pLiaduTol, oi, 128 § 39pivrpxa, conject. for ^7Jp.a, 143 § 27

^''W'? )( ^W^?. 99 § 185

p,o\vvecTdaL, to be abused, 100 § 8r

ynofapx'o.s, rots, ot ?x'"'''"fS> i-O § 3

/u,6j'os= //Ilia', 106 § 57

l^copiai, 220

p-ovaiKr}, in the larger sense, 79 § 50

vouTTij-yercrâi, midd., 78 § 47

vip-eaOai, to share an inheritance, 42

§ 10, 123 § 7

vip.ta6ai Trp!)S Ttva, 97 § 179v€os

7JTraXacbs, 99 § 185

j/TjtrtaJrai, ot, allied with Athens, 130

§46^voatjXeveip, to nurse the sick, 119 § 25

vovderetv )( dTretXet;', 114 § 46

j'oCi' TTpoc^x^"' '""'^j to watch one, 59

§ 20

j'Ci' with historic present, 62 § 36

|ecoXo7«ri', 103 § 96

^vv and tri;;' in MSS. of Antiphon, 17

§93

= ' whereas,' 108 § 122

oi (dative), ' to oblige him,' 24 § 40

olKeioTTji, 124 § 10

oiKevs, 69 § 19

ol6s elpLi, with infin., 142 § 22

otos t4 eip.1. )( ows eip,i, 135 § 16

6Xi7a/3xtat, at (of 411 and 404 B.C.),

38 § 4

bp.dio's, where one of two things com-pared is understood, 143 § 26

bp,o\oyeTu irpos Tiva, 146 § 376p.o\oyiai, articles of agreement, no

§ 52

6vop.a )( irpdyfia, 88 § 283

6v6p.aTi, eirl ry, sense of, 134 § 13

ofo/j.aTL X^yeadai, 58 § 15

oTrXa, rd, the guard-post, 57 § 12

Swov, 'and in such a case,' 34 § 36;

as relative after irpdrreip roiaura,

20 § 10oirrrip, poet, word, 12 § 27

dircji, with fut. indie, after SiavoelaOat,

38 § 3,

Sttus p-ri ipe?s, (take care) that you do

not say, 132 § 5

Sttws p.ri earaL, where we should expect

Sttws p.ri y, 25 § 43

Sttws d;' Tvx.^(n, with partic. under-

stood, 90 § 292

opdoup.efos, ' successful,' 6 § 7

opLKov feOyos, 129 § 43opKOJTTTS, of a law-court, 19 § 14

6pp.r]Tr]ptov, 93 § 162

oaiov, ' lawful,' 51 § 24

oaoi, with anteced. in dat. omitted

(dpyiêade, 6(roi ^Xdov), 52 § 30

6'(ry, ' in as much as,' 66 § 23 (note)

6ti, redundant before a direct quota-

tion, 26 § 48

ov 8r], 'and then it was that '... 21 § 15

oi), with XPV understood before infin.

(xpi? (JKOirelv dXX' ov /uttreiV), 44 § 18,

96 § 175



INDEX I. GREEK. 381

ov to be omitted, 80 § 4ou, following et, 68 § 13, cp. 97 § 178

ov /xiXei /xoi, 67 § 9ov fj.ri, with fut. indie, and aor. subj.,

142 § 24^

ov fj-vu^ dWa, 75 § 17. 85 § 21, 87 § 275

ov ôuXofiai \iyeiv, euphemistic, 116

§54„ov TTpoariKOv fiiaff/j,a, 'gratuitous,' 4 § 3

ovx awep (or wcnrep), construct, of,

^§4ovK, €1 /ui^v...el 5^, 67 § 8

ovK t(Tov earl {Kiyeiv re Kai dpoiv), 15

§89OVK old' 8(TTis, 118 § 24

cvx ola piXriffTa, 60 § 23

ovx Sttws, 'I do not say that,'. ..143

§25oi'S^v, conjecturally supplied, 56 § 99ovTos, said of a person not present,

but represented, 47 §33, 54 § 92

OVTOS and noun without art., when the

noun is a predicate, 17 §93, 34 § 37,

61 § 30, 66 § 23; aVTOVS...TOVT(j}V,

referring to same persons (cp. e/c-

e'lvos), 137 § 2

ovTO}, in this off-hand way, 65 § 19

^X^V XPW^«'> 100 § 8r

iraidela, i] tGiv Xoyuu (Isokr.), 90

§ 294, 120 § 4

7rai5eu(Tts, mental cultivation generally,

79 § 50

iraidicKr] )( Oepairaiva, 145 § 35iralZwv, iêXdeTw €k, 89 § 289

iroKaiSs, veos rj, 99 § 185iraXalaTpa

)( yvixvdacov, 2 § 3

iravaiX-qvos, {rj), 23 § 38

KCLVTa TO, /ca/cd )( iravra KaKa, 53 § 33wduTus, ' at any rate, ' 48 § 7

wapa, with accus. denoting position,

less precise than with dat., 29 § 62

TTCLpa, avTiêhai, ' at home,' 53 § 33Trapo. yviii/j.7]v tovtwv= irapa, ravra a

TjXwiôv, 2 § 3

Trapa yvd}fxr]v with ovk oXiycp, 21 § 13

Trapd /xtKpbv riXdov diroOavdv, iiS § 2 2trapcLTLva KadrjcrOat, 140 § 15

Trapa. rov jroKe/ji.ov, in time of war, 76

§ 24

TTtt/oa TovTOv, owing to him, no § 52

7rapaypa(pri, 229

irapaKaTaâXXeii', leg. term, 134 § 13,

135 § 15

irapaXoyLîadai, to cheat, 87 § 282

TTtipoXos, 7], 129 § 42

Trapap.eXeiu, 107 § 60

Tfapavofxia,7 § 8

wapadKevai Xbywv, 137 § 5

irapaffKevateiv, of intrigue, 57 § 12, 6i

§ 28 65 § 18, 135 g ,4, ,37 § 3,

146 § 37irapacKevacrOels, 'suborned,' 143 § 25irapa<pd4yy€a6ai, to say casually, 142

§ 23^

irapaxpVfJ-a, 16 § 92n-apixîv )( irapdyeiv, 60 § 23, 71 § 9TraplaTaTal tlvi, it occurs to one, 60

§28irapoiKdv'Aalav, 93 § 162

napov, ace. absol., 52 § 30Trapopfiiêiv, 60 § 24

Hediov (without art.), the Attic plain,128 § 22

UeipaiQs, oi €k, 38 § 2, 54 § 92ireTToirj/j.^fos, as midd. perf. part., 11

§ 21 ^

TrepiêjSXTJcrOai dvuaareiav, 98 § 184

irepLopav dirodavovras (not -OvqaKov-

ras), 27 § 53TrepnriTTTeiP avficpopals, 117 § 21

irepnTouiv TrdXei ahxvvqv, 92 § 301

niKpdTrjTes, 92 § 300

irlffTfLs, rhetorical proofs, 87 § 280iricTis dirLaTOTaTTj, 30 § 67

TrXavwfi€i'os= tcv/iere, 83 § 15

TrXidpov, as a land-measure, 128 § 22

TrXeio) Kai diKaiorepa, compar. of TroXXa

Kai 5tKaLa, 123 § 8

TrXfov ^Xf"'> 87 § 282

TrXeoveKTCKos, in good sense, 120 § 3

TrXeoveîa, do., 86 § 275

TrXyififxiXelv, 90 § 292

vXijv TTJs Ti'XT?s, 'leaving Fortune

aside,' 19 § 15ttXous ylyvtrai, 11 § 24

iroSoKaKKT], 69 § 16

iroielv, to compose, 99 § 186; to per-

form sacred rites, 140 § 16

troielv elpr)vr)v, ware, 57 § 9iroLetadai, to adopt, 133 § 8; (pass.)

to be adopted, 12317n-oieTcrdai Std tcvos, to place in one's

control, 146 § 37

iroiriTrjs Xoyuv, an orator, 83 § 15

TroiT/jTiKov TTpdyixa, 82 § 12iroXeiadai, 69 § 19

IloXefiapxos, jurisdiction of the, 70 § 2

ttSXls— dKpdTToXis, 129 § 44

TToXts )( dcrrv, 91 § 299

TToXirela, t/, a euphemism for the

dvapxj-a., 47 § 6

TToXiTTjs, as said by Lysias of himself,

36 § 3

ttoXltlkoi \6yoi. of Isokrates, 81 § 9, 84

§ 20

TToXXtf)with irdXai, 125 § r5

TToXv \iap — Xiai> ttoXv, 78 § 49



382 INDEX I. GREEK.

Trpdynara, law-suits, i8 § 12

TTpay/jiaTe'iai, legal issues, 85 § 270

TrpaTTeiv vwep tivos, to be his con-

federate, 135 § 16

TTpefiva, TO., an olive-stump, 65 § 19

np^ffêis, ^^ g 41

TrpealBeumv, to be a plenipotentiary,

35 § 41

irpeaêveiu elprivqv, 97 § 177

irpe(T^vTT]s, a plenipotentiary, 35 § 41

7r/3tdjae!/os, aor. part., 34 § 37, 125 § 11

wpodyeiv, in bad sense, 96 § 174, 108

§ 121

wpoaTreiTTOv, 95 § 170

irpoebpiai, 130 § 47Trpoeâ/J-aprdveiv, 94 § 165

irpoeêvpiaKeiv, 94 § 167

irpoeffT&Tes, oi, toO ttXtjôus, 120 § 3

irjt)60€o-ts, of thedead, i4i§§2if. (notes)

n-podecrp-ia, 65 § 17

irpo'tiaOai, to give up, with infin.

added, 60 § 23

wpo'i'aTacrOaL ttjs ifKiKias, 89 § 290

irpoKoKeiadai, to invite (to a confer-

ence), 102 § 91

irpoKpbeLv for Kplveiv, with irpuTeieiy,

92 § 302

TrpoTT^reia, 102 § 90wpoTreTus, 1 10 § 52

TTpbpp-qais, 7 § 10, 15 § 88

Kpbs, ou irpbs vixG)v ecxTiv, 106 § 58

TTpoadyeiv irpbs tl, to compare with,

145 § 33

vpoadyeadai, to conciliate, 76 § 22

Trpo<Typd<peLv, to add a new article to a

treaty, 35 § 4°irpoarjKei, construct, of, 138 § 6

TTpocTKaXeiadaL, (leg.) to summon, 70

§ 2 _

TTpoffodov dnoypdcpeffdai, 298

TTpoaopoKoyetv, 79 § 50

TrpoffirepijidWeadai relxv, 78 § 47•rrpocnroieladai, with infin. understood,

60 § 28

TTpoffTayp-aTci, imposts, 109 § 129

irpo<jT€Taypei>ov, ace. abs., 2 §7KpocTTLpidv, to award an extra penalty,

69 § 16

TTpocTTpoiraioi, 4 § 3Trporipav, ttjv, sc, diroXoyiav, 8 § 13

•n-pbcpOLcn.';, 10 § 21

irpoxeipiêa-daL, to elect, 109 § 122

wpoiopLOffla, 8 § 12

irpvTaveiui, (TiTr}<ns eV, 25 § 45 (note),

130 §47TTpUTevetv, 26 § 50, 92 § 302

TrpoiTTjy, TTJs, TeTayp.ivos {sc. ra'êcos),

4,3 § 15^vpi^Tov—eiTCL—iirura— '^tl, 26 § 50

wpQiTos, 6, tGjv (TvyyevCjv, the nearest,

145, § 33TTupKaia, 66 § 24

Wit), /xTjSep TTw TrXeov, no positive gain,

40 § 3

pqidiois iiTTicrxvecadai, 'rashly,' 83 § 16

pqdupeiv, 79 § I

prjTopda, 84 § 21

pi)Topes, in ekklesia, 109 § 129

pLTTTeiv )( dirojidWeit', 67 § 9

a-avidiov, 41 § 6

(Ta<pe(TT^pu}s and <Ta(peaT€poi', 2 § 5

(TVKOS, 220, 65 § 19

crrjpetov )( TtKp.i)piov, 13 § 81

(rrjpehv, to, KaOaipelv, when the Senate

met, etc., 23 § 36

ffi^rjpovs, fig. sense of, 69 § 20

oKLpatpelov, 89 § 287, 114 § 48

cro(pLcrral oi TraXaioi, 88 § 285

ao(pL<TTris, 245, 80 §§ 5 f.

ardrnp-ov (dpyvpiov), standing out at

interest, 69 § 18

ardffis, party-strife, 123 § 7

crrepeirdai )( arepeiadai, 118 § 23

aTetpavLTrpi dydiv, 92 § 301

ffTTJXai, recording treaties, etc., 33

§ 34. 96 § 176,97 § 180

(TToai, laws posted in, 113 § 41

(TTpaTids, iwi, 'on service,' 21 § 14

avyyeveia )( dyxi-CTela, 135 § 17

(jvyKaTaXapîviiv, 117 § 19

auKOfpdvrai, 47 § 5, 89 § 288

avKocpavTLai, 109 § 130

avXXeyeLV (pvXriv, 19 § 13

avp^dXXnv, to confer, 120 § 2

cnippe^r]K6s, the ' accident' (of genius),

90 § 291

avpôXaLa, debts, t;,^, § 98

avp-lioXaia t'Sta, law-suits, 86 § 276

avpp€Taxeipi^€(Tdai, of dressing the

dead, 142 § 22

avppopiai, 109 § 128;

avpirapaKiXevtadaL, to stimulate, 5

§ 22

ffvpiroLelv {Upd), 143 § 25

cvpTrpdcraeLv tivI, of intrigue, 133 § 9avp(pip€iv, help to bear, 4 § i

aitv ipLariois, 'including,' 138 § 8

avvapidpeiv {^rjfpovi), 126 § 18

(jvvaaKeTv tl, to help the practice of...

85 § 22

ffwdiaTpiêiv, 120 § 2

(Tvi'diKOL, 01, 4I § 7

avviSpM, public conferences, 75 § 19,

"2 §37crvveLbevaL tlvI, to be his accomplice,

59 §18



INDEX I. GREEK.383

ffvvetvaL )( xp^cât, 26 § 49cvv^TTLTLdivaL, of saciifice, 140 § 16

<TVva<Tâivei.v, 13 § 82

(TweKKOfMliêiv, 117 § 20

crvpr]5e(70ai.—(Tvvedi\ei.v, in false sym-

metry, 3 § 8

cvvOdiTTeiv, to be present at a funeral,

143 § 25

uvvLffTavai, to introduce, 142 § 23

avvoiK7]<yai, to marry, 144 § 31

avvopdv, to see comprehensively, 75

§ 17, 107 § 63, 109 § 129

auvreiveiv irpbs rt, 86 § 277

(T(paylwv diTTeadai, 8 § 12

acpirepos with avrov, 11 7 § 20

crcpodpa Xeyeiv n, to insist upon it, 19

§ '5. .

ccp68pa joined with ttoXu, 85 § 272

cx^dov Ti, 147 § 40

(TX^rXtos, 'heartless,' 105 § 103; 'in-

tolerable,' 1 1 1 § 56

awfj-a, one's civic status, 72 § 12

ra^lapxoi, 56 § 7

ravra (not roiiro) iroietv, ' to do so,'

48 § 8

Tacprjv, TO, els Trjv, I42 § 23

re, irregularly placed, i § i, 138 § 7

TeKfxripLa in Rhetoric, 87 § 280; )(<tv

p-da, 13 § 81 ; )( fxapTvpiai, 138 § 6

reXos ^xîv, to achieve a result, 16

§89TeparoXoyiai, 88 § 285

Teraypivrj r^x^Vi 82 § 12

riTip.u)p7}pevos, midd. pf. part., 3 § 8

rexvai, treatises on Rhetoric, 84 § 19

TTidT], 138 § 7

Ti, conject. for to, 13 § 29Tidecxdai, of a legislator, 113 § 40rideadai 6vofj.a, to establish a term,

68 § 10

TLp7]T7J OLK-q, ll6 § l7 (uotc)

TLpoipeiv, 63 § 42; )( TLpujpe'iadai, 4

§ 4.^5 § 7 .

TipLwpeicrdai. (midd.) virip tlvos, 33

§36

Tij, understood, 16 § 91TOi7dproi, 115 § 52

Toivw ironical, 30 § 30TOLOVTO'S followed by 6s, 58 § 13, 104

§ 98; by UKjirep dv, gi § 298Tl)p.ia, 15 § 88

TOdovTos followed by (paol yap in-

stead of uiffTe (pdvai, 33 § 33, cp.

_50§ 19

Tore, meaning of oi Tore SiKaaTui, 9§ 16

_

TouTo pev, not followed by toCto 5^,

17 §94

TpiweaOaL iir' dperrju, 47 § 5rpLîljvLov, 124 g II

Tpiripapxia )( other Xeirovpyiai, 130

§ 45Tpbiraiop figuratively used, 97 § 180

TpwlX-a, rd, 98 § 181

Tvpavvis, its characteristics, 74 § 16;identified with povapxia, 76 ^ 22

Tvpawos, 6, (Hipparchos), 130 § 46Tvpos, 6 x^'^p^s, the cheese-market,

7i§6Tvxv, destiny, 45 § ro

Ti^xr? pia, a single success, 97 § 180

Tvxov, ' perchance,' 95 § 170, 103 § 94

vjSpeus ypa(pri, 147 § 41

i'/3pts )( aKoXaaia and iir7ipiacrp.6s, 2 § 3virdyeadai, to lure on, 102 § 91inraidpui, diKaêLv e;*, 8 § 11

v-rrairios, 'responsible,' 5 § 4VTrap^dvTwv tovtujv, these things having

been secured, 102 § 92, 103 § 95i;7rdpxe' •'''7 'it is assured,' 49 § 13

vvdpxeLv evepyecriav, 106 § 57

inrideTO tovto, 'he assumed this,' 23

,§ 39,

vwenretv, of a .preliminary reservation,

134 § 12

vircLpiyxivov, of preliminary definition,

134 § f2

vwiKKup-ac, as perf. pass. ofinreKTldrjpt,

117 § 18

vTT^p, ' concerning,' = 7repi, 80 § 2, 91

§ 298

iiTT^p wv, ' in the name of these (suffer-

ings),' 106 § 56virepopia, i], foreign soil, 34 § 36

v-n-qpirai, apparitors, 48 § 10

i'tt^PX^' 'belonged at first,' 108 § 125

vTToypdcpeiv, to sketch, loi § 85

vwbdiffis, a theory, 84 § 19; a theme,

86 § 276

virovoelv, to have misgivings, 33 § 35

xnroirapoidilv, to set quietly aside, I46

,§38

inroTriTTTeLv, to suggest itself, too § 85

inro(f>aiuea6ai, 59 § 19

vcTTepiaas twv jiapjSdpcov, 93 § 164

iicpriydadai, to trace an outline, 36 § 3

âpepd, rd, ' real property,' 145 § 35;

)(xpea, 146 § 37,(pd(TK(j}, to say ' yes,' 48 § 8

(peWevs, stony ground, 147 § 42

ipepecrdai p-erd tou w\rj0ovs, 74 § 16

(peuyeiv, to go into exile, 40 § Ii ;to

be in exile, 55 § 98

(t>ivytiv Ti, to shirk a point, 53 § 34(pr)p7] Kal pvriprj, 99 § 185



384 INDEX I. GREEK.

<t^ri<Tas, 66 § 22

(pdaveiv, ovK Itpdrj Koi €\r]<p9r], Il8 § 2 2

<f)dovdv, of righteous jealousy, io8

§ 1^4

(piXavdpuviai, 50 § 20

(piXoXoyia, Athenian, 91 § 297

^tXoTTOJ'os, of Spartans, 1 1 1 § 56

(f>i.\o(TO(pe'tu, Ti, to study it, 45 § 10

<pi.\oao(pe?v Sttws, with fut. indie, 99§ 186

tpiKoaocpia, of Isokrates, 79 § i, 82

§ II, 84 § 21; joined with (xotpia,

85 § 270

<pi\6(To<pos, 'studious,' 119 § 2

<pi\oTL/xla irXoijTov, rivalry in wealth,

36 § 2

(pbvov diKai, tried iv inraldpui, 8 § 11

(popTtKus, of ostentation, 116 § 53(ppcLTopas, eiffdyeiv eis, 14 1 § 19

(pparpla, the bride introduced to her

husband's, 141 § 18

(ppovpal, terms of garrison-duty, 44

§ 18

(pvyal KaT€\doiicrai.= ^vyaês KO/reKdhv'

res, 108 § 123

(pvXapxot, 41 § 6

(pvais, native power, 81 § 10

(pojvrj, 7), of the Attic dialect, 91 § 296

yjxKKeia, ra, the festival of Hephaes-

tos, 24 § 40 (note)

Xa.pievTws, 'pretty well,' loi § 85

Xei.p.aieii' {eu paKeai), to pass the winter

in, ii6§ 54

Xopvyiai, 116 § 53, 129 § 41

XopvySs, duties of, 18 § 11

XpôL, debts, 146 § 37

Xp-niJ-o-Ti'êiv )( xpW'''Se<''ât, 48 § 6

X/3'>;/iaT£(T/j6s, money-making, 109 § 126

Xpfjadai, to be intimate with, 26 § 49

Xpri<^9oii ry (puffei, to indulge it, 112

§38 ^

Xpri<^9ai diKTi, v6p.i^, to abide by it, 15

§87XPV<^9aL, with cogn. ace. {ovk ^x'^ o'"'

XPVCofiaL TovTU)), 118 § 21

Xpw/J-6s, fig., an ' oracular ' utterance,

95 § 171

Xpovos, 6, one's lifetime, 114 § 46

Xpvdôv yivoi avdpihirwv (Hesiod), 4

§ 2 (note)

Xpyaibiov, 80 § 4

Xwp^feo-âi, of dissolving a marriage,

146 § 36

^ri4>ov (p^peiv Tivl, to vote for him, 136

g i8

ij/7}<povs iâip€7i', 126 § 17

ûxv, y] ôvXeâaaa, personified, 5 § 7

(iOeiv, to repel advances, 143 § 25

ws with participle, 59 § 20

(hs with participle and dV, 121 § 3

ws with participle in gen. absoL, i37§ i

wf=(i) Stu) TpoTTCj}, (2) ort, 23 § 37

ws omitted by Mss. before a superla-

tive, lo § 18, 18 § 12

wcrirep, as relative to ovtoj, hi § 55(licnrtp with gen. absol. of aor.

,

pluperf., and pres. participles, =ulcnrep el with aor., pluperf., and

imperf. indie, 97 § 178

dicnrep av with ellipse of verb, 18 § 11,

_,

28 § 57' 50 § 20

diairep t6 diKacou, 137 § 4

wore, on condition that, 57 § 9uare and infin. without dv, oblique of

optat. with dp, 81 § 9(jicTTe ov dwaadai, 68 § 15



INDEX II. MATTERS.

accus. absol. of partic. [air€ipy)i.Uvov^

etc.), 2 § 7, 127 § 19; and infin.

after -trpocrrjKei, 138 § 6

adjective, simple, iiiistead of adject,

with c3i', 7 § 8, 13 § 82 ; or partic,

position of (rriv vepl lyûSs arifxiav

yeyevrm^vriv), 97 § 179; fem., with

subst. understood from verb, 8 § 13,

43§ 15; neut. plur., for sing., (triffTa

(paiviTai), 59 § 19adverbs, juxtaposition of {KokZs, iri-

pus), 103 § 93; comparative in -op

or-ws, 93 § 163, T 12 § 36

Aegospotami, battle of, 56 § 5 ; al-

leged treachery at, 54 § 36Aenos, on coast of Thrace, 10 § 20

Aeschines, borrows from Andolîdes,

181

Agesilaos in Boeotia (394 B.C.), 44§ 16; his aims, loi § 86

akropolis, Athenian, arms depositedon, 55 § 95 ; the seat of the treasury,

109 § 126

Alexander= Paris, 99 § 186

amnesty at Athens, in 403 B.C., 200

Amorges, revolt of, 32 § 29

anacoluthon, (IVa avroTs ^...ireiroL7]K6-

res), 48 § 7 ;{cLKOino 0Ti...'yev€a6ai),

57 § 9; (""dax'^) os...-^fioii dV), 66

§ 23; (Seivdv, ei...\a/j,l3a.i'€ti'), 68

§ 13; [a-KoKvbfJLivos.. .eap-iv), 3 § 10;

a, (for Taura after a parenthesis) 8§ II

;[vvv bk Tn<jTi{!uv...iyCii M), 17

§93.Andokides, style of, 169; speech on

his Return, date of, 170; his irapd-

voia, 20 § 10; his vividness, 20

§ 10 ; historical inaccuracies of, 30

§§ .30 f-, 34 § 38

Antalkidas, Peace of, 95 § 169, 96

§ 175' 97 § 177

antecedent, omitted before Saoi, 52

§ 30Antipater, 120 § i

Antiphon, style of, J49; old forms of

words in Mss. of, 17 § 93antithesis, false, 15 § 87, 43 § 13, 53

§ 32; defective, 21 § 15

aorist with pluperf. force {cê-y^vero),

126 § 17; denoting the commence-

ment of a state {yjaOeviâe, fill ill),

118 § 24, 136 § 18; parlic. so used

{fMeraaxdiv, having become 7i sharer),

31 § 28, 104 § 97; and imperfectindie, in same sentence, 63 § 41;

indie, instead of imperfect, with

°-^^ 53 § 34; infin.)(

present infin.,

95 § 173; infin., without av, re-

ferring to the future, 36 § 2, 50

§ 19' 56 §6, 58 § 15; partic.)(

pres.

part, after irepLopav, 27 § 53, 106

§56.Apaturia, the festival of, 141 § 19

apodosis, formal, wanting, 28 § 57

Archelaos king of Macedon, 20 Ji 1

Aixhidamos III. of Sjârta, no § 52

archons, the nine, how elected, 46 § 13

Areiopagos, court of, and Ephialtes,

9 § 15, 299; its forms of procedure,

68 § II ; membership of, 112 § 37

Arginusae, battle at (406 B.C.), 53

§36Argos, population of, in 403 B.C.,

39§ 7

Aristogeiton and Harmodios, 130

§^7 . ., ^

Aristotle, inexact citations by, 50

§ 100, 99 § 186; and Isokrates on

Forensic Rhetoric, 84 § 19

arrest, summary, by the Eleven, 7 § 9

Artaxerxes II., and III., 104 § 99

article with generic word (i) elprivrj,

peace), 13 § 81, 55 § 97' 56 § 5' 7^

§ 24, 86 § 278, 95 § 172 ;omitted

with recxos, acrrv, ireUov, irpvTaveTov

(of Athens), 124 § ir, 128 §22, 130

§47; omitted with outos whentlie

noun is part of the predicate (rt/itij-



386 INDEX 11. MA TTERS.

pia rJKei. aSrri), 17 § 93, 34 § 37, 6

§ 28, 66 S 23; witli relative clause

(tov OS ^(Ptj— tov (pdura), 71 § 8; as

pronoun with prep, (tovs fxev ...irapa

6^ TWJ'), 115 § 52; in uxnrep to

SiKaiov, 137 §4; proposed insertion

of, 99 § 81 ; and neut. accus. in

appos. with verbal notion, 40 § 10

Asia and Europe the two continents,

97 § 179

asyndeton, at the end of a speech,

56 § 100

Athenian character, the, 92 § 300;

citizenship, birth-test of, 141 § 19;proposal to limit (403 B.C.), ujo;

policy, stages of, ace. to Isokrates,

109 § 126; exiles in 404 B.C., 55

§ 95Athens, 'the capital of Greece,' 91

§ 299 ; topography of, 25 § 45 ;

walls of, rebuilt in 479 B.C., 34

§ 38; partly demolished in 404 B.C.,

34 § 38. 38 § 4' 41 § 4; disasters

of, as warnings against oligarchy,

38 § I ; revolutions at, 38 § i ; Lace-daemonian garrison at (404 B.C.),

55 § 94; the home of oratory, 91

§ 295 ; armies of, most successful

under single leadership, 76 § 24;

ships of, how manned, 1x6 § 54;democracy of, Isokrates on the, 90

§ 293; social life of Periclean, iii

§ 56 ; and Sparta, negotiations be-

tween, in 405 B.C., 56 § 5; empire

of, its duration, 34 § 38

Attic dialect, the, 91 § 296Attica, ravaged in Peloponnesian War,

39 §9augment, double in compound verb,

94 § 165

ballot for oflices at Athens, 46 § 13;

KXrjpos )( a'lpeffLS, 112 § 38, cp. 116

banishment fo^ homicide, 151

betrothal, 146% 14, 144 § 29

Bosporos, Tauric, Satyros king of, 41

§4Brasidas, no § 53

Carthage, constitution of, 76 § 24

cavalry, allies of oligarchy, 56 § 7

Chaeroneia, battle of, 120 § i, 121 § 2

Chalkeia, festival of llephaestos, 24

§40Chios, Pedaritos at, no § 53

choruses at festivals, 18 § i r

citizenship, Athenian, birth-test of.

141 § 19; proposal to limit (403 B.C.),

190

Cilicia, few Greek settlements in, be-fore Alexander. 78 § 49 ; and Persia,

105 § 102

climax, form of, 1 13 § 44conditional sentence, protasis of, re-

stated after long apodosis, 141 §20;mixed form of (ei 7jfjL<pia^'i]Tei...a.v

irpoariKoi), 132 § 5 ; change of con-

struction in, 104 § 98; clauses, one

within another, 49 § 14

construction, changed by insertion of

new verb, 49 § 15, 54 § 36continents, the two, 97 § 179

contrasts, verbal, in Antiphon {yvwpia-

Tai...SLKacrTai), 17 § 94co-ordination of clauses, where one is

. properly subordinate to the other

(01) 5r]Trov ot fjL^v 'ixSi-CTOL veTroLr)-

Kacnv,...v/j.e'is 5e TrpoKarayvibaecrde),

15 § 85, 46 § 13, 67 § 8, no § 54,

112 § 37Corinth, fighting at in 394 B.C., 43

§ 15; parties at in 390 B.C., 33

§ 32

Corinthian War, 124 § n, 130 § 46

courts of law, drawing of lots for, 115

§ 54 ; number of jurors in, 62 § 35,

127 § 20; packed by intrigue, 57

§ 12

country-life in old Attica, 115 § 52

Cyprus, Phoenicians in, 78 § 47 ; and

Persia, 92 § 161, 105 § 102

Cyrus the Younger, death of, 120 § 90

dative, causal {p-alverai rrj \rilei.), 123

§8, 142 §20; instrumental {d-mffTOL

yevop-evot. tois dXrideaiv), 6 ;;§ 2, ^ ;

of circumstance, 78 § 48 ; express-

ing the motive (01) rto êiryeiv dv...

\eyu), 7 § 8; after avTiSiKuf, 136

§ 19

dead, offerings to the, 147 § 39debtor, insolvent, enslaved, 55 § 98

dekarchies, set up by Lysander, ;^6 § 5

Delian Confederacy, the, 34 § 38

demagogues, accused of enriching

themselves, 108 § 125

denies, circuit of made by judges, 70

§3demesmen, the ties between, 43 § 14

democracy and oligarchy, 38 §§1,2;monarchy, 76 § 2

dice-playing, 86 g 287, 42 § 1

dikasts, lots cast by, 116 § 54

Dionysia, the Rural, 140 § 15

Uionysios I. of Syracuse, 76 § 23, 95



INDEX 11. MA TTERS.387

§ 169, 99 § 81 ; embassy from to

Olympia, 188

Dionysos, theatre of, 23 § 38; templeof, 129 § 41

domiciliary search, 48 § 7, 52 § 31

doors of a house (aiJXeios, etc.), 49 § 1

dowry of a bride, 42 § 10, 50 § 21

dress, decoium in, 44 § 19

earnest-money, 142 § 23

Egypt, revolts of from Persia, 92 § 161

;

invaded by Persian army, 140 § i8i

Eileithyia, temple of, 128 § 39

Eleven, the, preside at trial of /ca-

Koupyoi, 157, 10 §17; their €vd ufai,

69 § 16

Eleusis, battles at, 129 § 42

emendations, 11 § 21, 65 § 10, 68

§ II, 136 § 18

enmity, as evidence of accuser's good

faith, 47 § 2, cp. 113 § 42

Enneakrunos, the fountain, 89 § 287

Ephialtes, reforms of, 115 § 50

'Eristics,' 79 § i, 84 § 20, 120 § 3

Euboea, eiriyafxla given to by Athens,38 §3

exiles, political, 103 § 96

family festivals and sacrifices, 140

§ 16; gods of the, ?'/?.

final clause combined with apodosis

(ii'a...di' e-maTeveTo) 132 §6; with

construction of an object-clause, 25

§43finite verb, parenthetical clause with,

instead of participle, 147 § 42Fortune personified as human des-

tiny, 45 § 10

Four Hundred, Revolution of the, 20

§11fuller's trade at Athens, 70 § 2

funeral ceremonies, 50 § 18, 142 § 22

future indicative in relat. clause after

a/jLiWdaOai., 79 § 50 ; indie, with /xtj

after verbs of fearing, 47 § 3 ;per-

fect, 91 § 298 Jpartic. with art.,

89 § 290

genitive, objective and subjective de-

pending on same word (Xoywi- clkot]

Kal fj.apTvpu}!'), 1 38 § 6; possessive,

combined with objective (r/ dacpd-

Xeia yjiiCcv ttjs eiravatpopas), 33 § 33;partitive, after a comparative adj.

(ras fiaKpoTepas tuov dvayKalwv), 45

§ 10; of price, 20 § 11; absol. of

partic, with ws, after accus. (ws

ovK 6vTas...oii5eyevo/xevris), 137 §

i;

attributive (dW-rjXwp ravra taacn),

65 § 18; after Oau^dfw, 3S § 2;with dvaL, to be on the side' of, 109

§ 129; after dXiTTj/jto?, 27 § 51;after irapa. yvw/xrjv, 2^3

golden age, the, 4 § 2

Greece, condition of in 395 k.c, 101

§ 87; in 380 B.C., f34'§ 167, 95§ 172

Greek ')( barbarian, 90 § 293Gylippos, iio§ 53

Haliartos, 43 § 13

Halieis in Argolis, 129 § 42

Harmodios and Aristogeiton, 130 §47Hekatomnos, dynast of Karia, 93

§ 162

Heliaia, composition of, 116 § 54Hcphaesteion, the, 24 § 40Herakles, founder of Olympic festival,

36 § I

Hermae, street of the, 70 § 3

heroes, tutelar of Plataea, 106 § 60

Hestia Boulaia, 21 § 15, 25 § 44Hipparchos, 130 § 46

hired labour, 1 28 § 39Homeric debates of the gods, 79 § 2

homicide, accidental, Greek view of,

150, 4 § 3; trials for, held in open'

air, 8 § 11

; antiquity of Attic laws

for, 9 §§ 14, 15; silence enjoined

on the, 51 § 24; his presence de-

filed a temple, 56 § 99horses, the keeping of, 129 § 43house, doors of a Greek, 49 § 15

household gods, 140 § 16

hunting, 114 § 35

iambic metre in Greek prose, 95

§ 170.

Idrieus prince of Karia, 105 § 103

imperfect = our pluperf., 30 § 64; of

logical inference (eyiyi'€To), 125

§ 13' 130 § 44; referring to a

previous admission (-^v), 135 § 17;

of what is proposed or offered, 1

§§ 23 f., 52 § 27, 126 § 17, 127

§ 20; ofendeavour (dTrwXXue),

24§ 41 ; of due sequence {iyiyviaO-qv,

'were born in due course'), 138

§ 7 ; with ixv, referring to past or

present, 12 § 26; of a rejieated act,

141 § 20; without ac {ejiov\6p.-r}v,

of what one wishes were true), 5

§ I, 15 § 86; (iSa, tjc dîov), 89

§ 287;" with et, referring to past

time, 62 § 36, 65 § 20

imprisonment, a disgrace which

estranges friends, 10 § 18

indicative of imperf and pluperf., not



388 INDEX II. MA TTERS.

usually changed to optat. in orat.

obliqua, 47 § 2; aor., used when

a fact not yet accom])lished is as-

sumed as past [oTrbre fj^rjaav), 144

§ 31. 146 § 37infinitive active after Trpoie/uLai (dyeiv),

60 § 23 ; in orat. obliq., following

a clause with 6ti, 114 §47; of

present or imperf., 24 §40; of

imperf., 24 § 41 ; understood with.

utt' eKelvwv eidiaixivov, 50 § 17;

expressing the terms of a treaty

(riv 7] elpijpT] KaTa(JKa.\pai...), 58 § 14

inheritance, Attic law of, 130 § i

interpolations, s9 § 19. 64 § 48, 61

§§ 31 U 67 § 7

Ionia, Persian conquest of, 93 § 164;

burning of temples in, 98 § 182

Isaeos, style of, 321 ; traces of sophis-

try in, 133 § 10, 140 § 14

Isokrates, style of, 233 ; forensic

speeches of, 310; relations of to

etridei^LS, 240; an historical error

in, 106 § 57; abstained from public

life, 95 § 171Italy, conquests of Dionysios I. in,

95 § 169

jurors, of an Attic law-court, as re-

presenting the Demos, 30 § 66

;

choice of by lot, 116 § 54'justice cannot be taught,' 84 § 21

Kallibios, 55 § 94

Kephalos, father of Lysias, 47 § 4

kidnapping, 67 § 10

Klearchos, death of, 102 § 91, 104

§97Kleophon, the demagogue, 57 § 7

Knidos, battle at, in 412 B.C., 129

§ 42

knights, allowance made to by Athe-

nian state, 41 § 6

Kunaxa, battle of, 102 § 90Kynossema, battle of, 20 § 12

lacunae in Mss., 14 § 83, 38 § 3,

41 §.4> 63 § 40

Lakonia, invaded by Epameinondas,

III §56Laurium, mines at, 23 § 38

laws cannot provide for all contin-

gencies, 67 § 7; insufficient to pro-

duce good morals, 112 § 39; set upon the walls of porticoes, 113 § 41

of Solon, 69 § 15

Lenaeum, the, 23 § 38Leuktra, battle of, 1 1 1 § 56

' Liberty,' the cry raised against Athens

and Sparta, 105 § 104

Limnae at Athens, 145 § 35Lykia and Persia, 93 § 161

Lysander and Agesilaos, 10 1 § 87

Lysias, style of, 186; and Xenophon,

on Theramenes, 57 § 11 ; his accu-

racy vindicated, 58 § 17

Macedon,the timber-market of Greece,

20 § II

'malefactor' (KaKcvpyos), meaning of

at Athens, 157

Mantineia, population of in 403 B.C.,

39 §7markets, names of (d rvpos, to. \d-

Xo-va, etc.), 71 § 6

marriages, dissolved by consent,

146 § 36; hindered by the Thirty

Tyrants, 50 § 2 1 ._

Mausolos and Artemisia, 105 § 103

Melos, 117 § 21

mercenary troops (400—350 B.C.),

103 § 96

Messenian wars, iii § 57metaphors of Antiphon, 150, 3 § 10

Methymna, a town of Lesbos, 157, 10

§ 21

metre, accidental, in prose, 95 § 170

middle sense of passive perfect, 3 § 8,

II § 21

monarchy, Greek pleas for, 236; ex-

amples of for Isokrates, 76 § 23

mortgage, 127 § 2

motion, suggested by evravdol, Sttoi,

5 § ^

Mytilene, massacre at in 427 B.C., 16

§ 91

Munychia, altar at, 60 § 24 ; theatre

at, 61 g 32' Mysteries, on the,' as the title of

Andok. or. I., 173

negatives, peculiar combination of,

143 § 25

Nile, passage of at Pelusium, 104

§101numbers confused in mss. (V for S'),

138 §7

oath, a solemn form of, 48 § 10;

taken in a temple, 24 § 4; mode of

ratifying, 102 § 91 ; of accuser and

witnesses in (pdvov SiKat, 8 § 1

Odeum of Perikles, 23 § 38

oligarchical plots at Athens, in

405 B.C., 54' § ^6

oligarchies, at Athens, of 411 and

404 B.C., 108 § 123



INDEX II. MA TTERS.389

oligarchy and democracy )( monarchy,

74 § 15 ; and cavah-y,.56 § 7

olives in Attica, 220Olympia, recitations at, 187

Olympic festival, foundation and idea

of, 36 § I

Olynthus, territory of, 129 § 42;allied with Athens, 130 § 46

optative of indefinite frequency, 70

§ 3; future, 24 § 42, 114 § 47, 118

§ 22; oblique of subjunct., with dV,

20 § 10; indicat. 24 § 40; present

in oratio obliqua, possible ambi-

guity of, 47 § 2, 48 § 8, 56 § 7;aor. with dv, where some desire the

aor. indie, with dV, 53 § 34; alter-

nating with indie, in oratio obliqua

{i^rjXeyâ liri. elariyâaro Kal oil 7^-

voLTo), 29 § 61

oratio obliqua, 24 § 40, 112 § 39oxymoron (tt/otij dTnaTOTarr)), 30 § 67

Palladion, court of the, 150

Panegyrikos, the, time spent on by

Isokr., 100 § 84Paralos, the trireme, 129 § 42

parenthetical clause with finite verb,

instead of partic, 147 § 42

paronomasia (reixwc ..Tpo<py\v), 34 § 36

(TTa.pi1vixi...T:ap' avTo'i'S ilva.C),^'3^ § 33;

((pr)fj.rii'.../xvT]fn]i'), 99 §186; {ev'<pv-

€'is...dii(7TVxe^s), 115 §49; {xopeOov-

ras . . .x^t/âôPTas), 116 § 54Paros, politics at, 117 § 18

Parthenon, the treasury of Athens,

109 § 126; votive offerings in, 129§ 42

participle expressing the leading idea

ixPV 8pu!VTa îif, we must aci if wewould live), 31 § 29, 33 § 34, 52

§ 26; concessive {dpwv, though I

act), 12 § 27, 21 § 15, 117 § 20;

conditional {dp2v, if\ act), 30 § 65,

94 § 166; causal {hpbiv, because I

act), 94 § 166, 99 § 185; probably

lost in Mss., 5 § 6

participles, series of, the last belong-ing more closely to the verb (Trpo-

KaXecrd/xevos... /cat vTn(TX'"'^P''^''os...

tTrayaydfxeyos Kai dovs...(rv\Xaûv-

onr^KTeLve), 102 §91; asyndeton of

two, the latter belonging moreclosely to the verb {diroTpa-n-oixevoi.

avWa^bvTES iâcrdviôv) 13 § 29passive perfect in middle sense, 3 § 8,

65 § 17' 91 § 297paupers, state-relief for at Athens,

198Peace of Nikias, 32 § 31

J-

Pedaritos, no § 53perfect, marking a complete and

lasting result, 37 § 36, 67 § 9,

76 § 22, III § 36, 118 § 23, 125

§ 14 ; and pluperf. in oratio obliqua,

121 § 3; partic. of a result whichremains )( aor. part., 96 § 175, cp.

104 § 100

Perikles, his probity, 109 § 126

Persia, state of in 346 B.C., 104 § loi

the monarchy of, 76 § 23; the king

of, a Zeus on earth, 97 § 179person, 3rd plur., followed by 2nd

plur. (Scrot 5i€(f>vyoi' ...7j\$eTe), 55§97; (Karei/'to-ât) prob. to be read,

56 § 100

Philinos, speech of Antiphon against,

18 § 12

Philip of Macedon and Athens, 120

§ I

Phlya, an Attic deme, 145 § 35Phoenicia ravaged by Evagoras, 92

§ 161 ; and Persia, 105 § 102

Phoenicians in Cyprus, 78 § 47

Phorbas, a Rhodian hero, 29 § 62Phrynichos, died in 411 B.C., 7 § 9Plain, the Attic, 128 § 22

Plataea, memorials at, 106 § 58Plataeans intermarried with Atheni-

ans, 106 § 56

Plato, references of Isokr. to, 79 § i,

88 § 285

plural of abstract nouns (dXyjOeTat),

88 § 283, 146 § 38; partic. instead

of sing, relative clauses {d6o Tp6troc

oi Kal TrpoTpiirovTfs /cat Traôvres,— uivb fiiif wpoTp^wei 6 8^ wavei),

IT4§ 46Plutarch on the Hermae affair, 23

§ 38 (note)

poetical words in the older prose, 4

§ 4, 12 § 27_

Polemarch, jurisdiction of the, 70 § 2

politics, abstention from, how viewed

at Athens, 45 § 21

positive evolved from negative {^8ei

from ovx olov re), 1 19 § 27 ; {ou yu6-vos eKeTvcs elirev-ovMv, dW oi)5^

ovTOS (sc. elTrev)), 143 § 25

predicate, 55 § 97, 94 § 166

present, hisloric, followed by optat.

in dependent clause (ipurwaiu Strrj

âdlôi/xev), 49 § 12; historic, with

vDv (as it 7vas), 62 § 36; in tenta-

tive sense (wpdaffovTai, are trying to

effect), 6 § 7 ; infin., represent-

ing an imperf. indie, 54 § 36;

after eXTrt's,

37 § 7;partic.

withart. = relative and imperf. (id rSre

26



390 INDEX II. MA TTERS.

\ey6/j.eva= d rdre iXiyero), 59 § 2i,

102 § 91, III § 56

prison, "scenes in, 26 § 48, 63 § 39pronoun, redundant after relative, 126

§ 15

pronouns, sequence of (iKeTvos, ovtos,

after avrds), 29 § 60, 137 § 2

protasis re-stated after long apodosis,

141 § 20

Prytaneion, maintenance at the, 25

§45, 130 §47Pythian Apollo, temple of, 129 § 41

question, rhetorical, 125 § 13, 143

§28

ransoming slaves, 10 § 20; prisoners

of war, 50 § 20

relative, causal use of, 118 § 21;

(oVris) with fut. ind. after dfiiWda--

^<^h 79 § ?o

repetition, by orators, of their ownpassages, loo § 84; defended, 103

§93rhetoric, early writers on, 84 § 19

sacrifice, family gatherings at, 140

§ 16; thwarted by the presence of

the guilty, 14 § 82

Satyros, king of Bosporos, 41 § 4self-government, moral, 89 § 290

Senate-house, hearth of the, 21 § 15,

25§ 44ships, Athenian, how manned, 116

.§ 54Sicily and Dionysios I., 95 § 169;

Athenian interference in, 32 § 30signs of divine favour to voyagers,

.13 § 81

silence kept by and towards homicides,

.51 § 24

singular subject with plural verb, 3

§ 10^

singular verb with plural subject,

49§ 12

Skamandrios, decree passed in his

archonship, 25 § 43slaves, profits from labour of, 23 § 38Sokratic sects, references of Isokr.

to, 79 § I. 80 § 4Solon's laws, 69 § 15

'sophists,' how understood by Isokr.,

245. "^si^ 82 § 11; as used byLysias, 36 § 3

Sparta, a group of unwalled villages,

37 § 7 (note);prestige of in Greece,

no § 52; the military exercses of,

91 § 298 ; the kings of, 76 § 24 ; and

Athens, Thirty Years' Truce be-

tween, 34 § 38 _

Spartolos in Chalkidike, 129 § 42speaking low, a mark of cru}cppo(Tvv7i,

44 § 19

stater, the Kyzikene and the Attic,

48 § II

subjunctive, deliberative, 26 § 51,

135 § 17

sureties, the giving of three, 9 § 17

(note)

symmetry, rhetorical form, against the

sense (<Twri5ofxivwv— avfidtXbvTwv)^

3§8Syria ravaged by Evagoras, 93 § 161

Talthybios, his ixtjvl^, 14 § 82 (note.)

Ten Thousand, Retreat of the, 102

§ 90> 103 § 95Tetralogies of Antiphon, 149; not

primarily models of form, 3 § 10

Thargelia, the, 1 8 § 1

Thebes, policy of in Persian Wars,106 § 59

Theophrastos, Characters of, illus-

trated, 20 § II

Theramenes, envoy to Sparta in

404 B.C., 57 § 10

Thesmophoria, the, 14 1 § 18

Thessalian horsemanship, 91 § 298

Thirty Years' Truce, the, 34 § 38

Thracians, sell their children as slaves,

10 § 20

Thrasybulos (6 "Ljupuvs), 43 § 15,

54 § 92

Thucydides and Antiphon, 149timber, export of from Macedonia, 20

§11tombs, offerings at, 106 § 61

torture praised as eliciting truth, 139

§ 12; of Athenian citizens, for-

bidden by a \p'q<f>Lffixa, 25 § 43, 60

§27transposition required in text, 122

§ 5,125 § n

tribes, judges appointed by the Attic,

.70 § 3

tribute of Athenian allies, 108 § 125

trierarchy )( ordinary XfirovpyLai, 130

§ 45tripod dedicated by successful chore-

gus, 129 § 41

Troezen, 117 § 21

' tyranny,' in the Greek sense, 74 § 16

(note.)

Tyrants, the Thirty, 38 § 2 ; spolia-

tions by, 38 §{5; their policy, 41



INDEX II. MA TTERS.391

§ 5 ; supported by Spartan garrison,

55 § 94; disarm the citizens, 55

§ 95; forms of a trial before, 62

§ 37 ; executions by order of, 63

§ 38, 64 § 46; overthrow of, 200

Tyre taken by Evagoras, 93 § 161

verb, finite, parenthetical clause with,

instead of participle, 147 § 42; in-

sertion of a new, changing the con-

struction, 49 § 15, 54 § 36' vivid ' construction, the (eZ ipet for el

^^H> 27§ 53; [ji for dr,) 48 § 7;

{fraidevdwaiv for waiêvddiv), 113

§ 40 ;(wKTreiiriTe for TrtffTtiJotTe), 139

§ 10

voice, a low, as a mark of au^poffiivr],

44 § 19

walls of Athens, rebuilt in 479 T^.c,

34 § 38 ;partly demolished in

404 B.C., 34 § 38, 38 § 4, 41 § 4witnesses, test for veracity of, i3<>§ 10

women, an honour paid by to a bride,

141 § 18

youth, apology for by a speaker in

the Ekklesia, 45 § 20

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THE ATTIC ORATORSFROM ANTIPHON TO ISAEOS,

By R. C. J ebb, M.A., LL.D., Edin.

IN TWO VOLUMES. 8vo. 2z,s.

' In the plan of Mr Jebb's volumes a short but most careful bio-

graphy of each orator precedes the chapters in which he treats of their

style and examines the works which bear their name. These memoirs

are among the most interesting portions of the work, and have often

a special value as throwing a light not merely fresh but striking on

the historyof the time. Nothing

can be more delightful than thepages in which Mr Jebb dwells on the glories of Athenian workman-ship so long as, in his ovv^n phrase, the life of society and of the state

ran in the same channel, and on the decay which passed over it so

soon as the streams diverged....The charm of Mr Jebb's pages has

tempted us already to indulge in large quotation ; from the glowing

chapter which he devotes to the matured civil eloquence of Athens it

is difficult indeed to resist the temptation of quoting far more largely.

Throughout, the great orator stands before us, mighty because clothed

in the armour of righteousness, unapproachable in the majesty of his

art because resting on the strong foundation of truth, and victorious

over his great rival from the fearlessness imparted by absolute sincerity

of purpose. ...Of the revival which shed its glory on the Rome of Hor-

tensius and Cicero we must not say more than that it is treated by MrJebb with the same wealth of learning and the same refinement of

taste which impart to his work as a whole a singular and delightful

charm,' Ediiibii7-gh Review.

' Mr Jebb's scholarly work possesses an interest which will extend

beyond the circle to which it seems at first to be exclusively addressed.

Scholarship is daily and yearly enlarging its borders, and single

authors are more and more read in the light of their contemporariesand predecessors. A work which sums up the characteristics of the

earlier orators throws valuable light at once on the general progress of

letters, on the individual growth of the Greek tongue, and on the

general history of the most interesting group of communities in the

ancient world. The point of view chosen by Mr Jebb has been wisely

chosen and firmly maintained. Avoiding the extremes of a dry accu-

mulation of facts and scraps on the one hand, and of mere critical

generalities on the other, he has brought together a select body of

matter which cannot fail to interest in itself, while having also a

distinct bearing on the comparative history of literature.... By the aidof Mr Jebb's volumes, together with the Greek text, young scholars



may lay a substantial foundation for an intimate knowledge, not only

of the springs of Greek oratory, but of Greek prose in general. To

the preparation of the chronological tables which accompany the workMr Jebb has devoted much independent and original research.... Such

a work will be indispensable to the classical student, and acceptable to

the general reader.' Times.

'The subject is of universal interest....The scientific treatment of

the lives is, on the whole, as good as the artistic, and the latest results

of historical research are judiciously utilized. The conditions which

influenced the representative orators, and the influence which they

themselves exercised on affairs and individuals, are so well indicated

as to makethese essays welcome contributions to scientific history....

No pains have been spared in facilitating the use of the two handsome

volumes as books of reference, as witness a copious table of contents,

marginal headings, a register of orations and letters, a good index, and

a table of annals containing the results of new and original studies in

chronology....We would in conclusion assure our readers that Prof.

Jebb has clearly not addressed himself only to classical students, but

offers much that is attractive and suggestive to any person of moderate

taste and culture.' Athenceum.

' The book before us is the more welcome as the important subject

with which it deals has not yet met with a comprehensive treatment

at the hands of any English scholar.... On taking up the book we were

prepared for much delicate insight into the varieties of style, and muchbrilliant handling of the Greek originals, and we were not disappointed.

The work is that of a scholar with a rare appreciation of language and

a noble enthusiasm for Greek.... His attitude is as much that of the

modern literary critic as of the professional scholar. And his literary

gifts are such as entirely to justify his adopting this point of view....

His native feehng for the beauties of Greek literature is so keen that

he never writes better than when he is following its unassisted light.

He has produced a book which shows quite a singular and exceptional

power of appreciating and carefully analysing the form of Greek

literature, and which will, we have no doubt, prove a powerful aid to

the study of the Greek orators among English scholars. It is by no

means creditable to English scholarship that the reading of Lysias

and Isokrates has almost entirely dropped out of our school course.

A careful perusal of Mr Jebb's work will probably convince those who

have the charge of classical education in England of their mistake in

allowing this state of things to continue, and will stimulate them to

alter it.'—Prrfpssor Nettleship in MacmillaiCs Magazine.

' It will not be Mr Jebb's fault, if, with all the help that these

volumes give, the earlier Attic orators are not more studied in

England. ...To the scholar, who must know something more than the

choice examples of a literature, Mr Jebb's book will prove a valuable

we had almost said a necessary—acquisition.' Guardian.

* No more solid proof of the enlarged scope of classical scholarship

in this country has appeared within the last score of years than this

essay of a m.ost competent scholar to write the history of Greek

oratory....He has apparently not overlooked any material criticism

advanced by other writers, and it is impossible not to be impressed

with a sense of the valuable service he has rendered in the field of



classical literature which he has selected for illustration, and of theaccess of light, knowledge, and familiarity with the ancient models of

oratory for which his readers are indebted to this lucid and well-arranged survey,' Saturday Review (first notice).

'The chapters which treat of Lycurgus, Hypereides, yEschines andDemosthenes, though necessarily sketchy, are also signally graphic.

Any one who refers to the notices of these orators, certainly the least

known of them, in the pages of Donaldson's continuation of Miiller's

History of Greek Literature, will appreciate the greater fulness, detail,

and impression of portraiture in Mr Jebb's history.. ..A remarkable

book, and one that is likely to become a standard work.' SaturdayReview (second notice).

* British scholarship can still relish, as a question of taste andliterature, the debate which sprang up in Augustan Rome, of Atticism

against Asianism....This keen and fruitful debate, with its decision in

harmony with our own most genuine convictions, is the starting point

selected by Professor Jebb in his splendid work on " The Attic Ora-

tors."...Of this rich magazine Prof. Jebb has made admirable use,

conferring on us the much needed resume of Attic oratory in a forni

as complete and round as anything we have on the kindred subject of

Attic poetry.'—New York Nation.

' Of Professor Jebb's mastery of the Greek language it is super-

fluous to speak—in that he is well known to have few living Enghshrivals

; but he possesses also in a high degree a quality which does

not always go with profound scholarship—a fine literary taste, and a

faculty which does not always accompany taste—that of lucid exposi-

tion and compact and logical arrangement. Hence the attentive

reader of these two volumes rises from their perusal, not only instructed

by Professor Jebb's detailed criticisms of the writers whom he dis-

cusses, but in full possession of his historical idea. He teels, as the

author intends that he should, that he has been enabled not merely to

grasp the respective Ihiai of a series of Attic orators, but also to

understand the gradual growth of Attic oratory and its relation to the

growth of Attic prose. We are able to follow in his pages, and with a

full comprehension of the cause and manner of each step in the

process, the majestic development of the most perfect organ of humanthought that the world has ever seen.' Pall Mall Gazette.•&'

' We have no other work in our language treating so fully of the

Attic orators. Professor Jebb has collected a large mass of valuable

material....The book is invaluable for those who wish to study the

Attic orators. It is also pervaded by a fine tone, an earnest, pure,

and noble disposition, and a love of what is really good.' Scotsman.

' Professor Jebb's masterly account of these "Attic orators" deals

with them chiefly from the literary side....The fullest knowledge is

fortunately united in him with great power of explanation and arrange-

ment, and with that ripe taste which should always be, yet seldom is,

the result of a classical education....One of the very best of English

works upon ancient literature.' Glasgow Herald.

' Professor Jebb's work on the first five of the famous Ten Attic

Orators will be a welcome gift to classical students, but not to these

alone....The most keen and flexible weapon that was ever at the



service of an orator was no immediate and spontaneous product of a

kindly nature, springing full-armed from the head of Zeus....To watch

how it gradually assumed its spring and its keenness is one of themost welcome tasks of the scholar ;

but even those whose interests in

literature are more general and less specific can hardly fail to take an

interest in the process as its various stages are pointed out to them by

the eloquence and unerring insight of a guide like Professor Jebb.

The development of Attic prose is of especial importance to the

student of the Greek language, but the value and attractiveness of its

study is by no means confined to him. Thanks to the translations

freely interspersed, which are in accuracy and in grace alike all that

was to be expected from Professor Jebb—higher praise we would give

them if we knew how to do so—the English reader can trace forhimself the gradual growth of a style of unrivalled perfection.... It is

needless to call the attention of professional students to these volumes

of Professor Jebb. They will learn for themselves to value the pains-

taking completeness, the minute accuracy, the finished scholarship

with which a worthy subject has been treated worthily.' Manchester

Examiner and Times.

' The English style is faultless, the translations from the Greek are

•thoroughly true and exquisitely worded, and the whole result admirably

represents the characteristics, not only of the individual orators who

are referred to, but also of the entire process of Athenian history from

the first to the last of them.... The "Attic Orators" is a book which

will at once delight and help the student, as well as prove an invalu-

able addition to the classical library of every reading man.' Glasgow

News.

'A critical history of Greek prose composition, the development

whereof is intimately connected with that of Attic oratory, has long

been wanted by classical students, and will be welcome to all who

take an interest in the evolution of human thought and expression.

But apart from the antiquarian and philological interest of the subject,

Professor Jebb has treated it in such a catholic spirit, with so muchbrilliance and tact, that he has succeeded in producing a standard

work on universal prose literature, which should be attentively perused

by modern students of rhetoric...We must congratulate Professor

Jebb on having achieved a brilliant success in a department of study

which has hitherto received little attention, notwithstanding its great

importance.' Examiner.

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