Attack of the PerialsAttack of the PerialsAliens from the planet Peria have landed Aliens from the planet Peria have landed

on Earth. Their technology is light-years on Earth. Their technology is light-years beyond ours, and thus our defenses are no beyond ours, and thus our defenses are no match to their advanced weaponry. They match to their advanced weaponry. They want to take our water supply for their cosmic want to take our water supply for their cosmic slip-n-slide. So long as we comply and help slip-n-slide. So long as we comply and help them drain our oceans and lakes (working for them drain our oceans and lakes (working for 3 earth-cents an hour), they will let us live 3 earth-cents an hour), they will let us live and impart some technological know-how and impart some technological know-how upon us. What will you do? Accept? Attack? upon us. What will you do? Accept? Attack? Some other strategy? Answer in a paragraph Some other strategy? Answer in a paragraph on a scratch piece of paper.on a scratch piece of paper.

Unit Title:Unit Title:

The Age The Age of of

ImperialismImperialism1800-19141800-1914

By Sam Irving

Given this picture, what do you think imperialism means?Given this picture, what do you think imperialism means?

Imperialism DefinedImperialism Defined•BIG Idea: By the 1900s, a few BIG Idea: By the 1900s, a few

European countries & the U.S. European countries & the U.S. controlled nearly the entire controlled nearly the entire world.world.

ImperialisImperialismm

•:one country’s domination of :one country’s domination of the political, economic, and/or the political, economic, and/or social life of another country.social life of another country.

Causes Causes (4 Rs)(4 Rs)•Rivalries among industrial Rivalries among industrial

nations for colonies.nations for colonies.– NationalismNationalism

•Raw materials and new Raw materials and new markets for the industrial markets for the industrial revolution.revolution.

•Religion: Christian Religion: Christian missionariesmissionaries– To civilize and bring Christ to To civilize and bring Christ to

the “heathen” primitives.the “heathen” primitives.– Do all religions seek converts?Do all religions seek converts?

•Racism: Some felt white, Racism: Some felt white, Christian Europeans were the Christian Europeans were the “fittest” people on earth and “fittest” people on earth and should spread. should spread. (Social Darwinism)(Social Darwinism)

““The White Man’s Burden”The White Man’s Burden”By Rudyard Kipling, 1899By Rudyard Kipling, 1899

““Take up the White Man’s burden-Take up the White Man’s burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exileGo bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ need;To serve your captives’ need;To wait in heavy harnessTo wait in heavy harnessOn fluttered fold and wild-On fluttered fold and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.”Half-devil and half-child.”

AssignmentAssignment• ELT: Analyze how forces of change ELT: Analyze how forces of change

have influenced societies throughout have influenced societies throughout history.history.

• Let’s reinforce the key terms and Let’s reinforce the key terms and causes of imperialism.causes of imperialism.– ““The West Moves East”The West Moves East”

•Reading and CrosswordReading and Crossword

Imperialism in AsiaImperialism in Asia““The sun never sets on the The sun never sets on the British Empire.”British Empire.”

What does that What does that mean?mean?

British Empire 1919British Empire 1919

British India 1858British India 1858

British in British in IndiaIndia•Discriminated against Indians & Discriminated against Indians &

forced westernization forced westernization (English & (English & Christianity)Christianity)..

•Forced a cash crop economyForced a cash crop economy– Led to starvationLed to starvation– Between 1800-1900, 30 million Indians Between 1800-1900, 30 million Indians

died of starvation.died of starvation.•Built an economic infrastructureBuilt an economic infrastructure

– Roads, rails, & western schoolsRoads, rails, & western schools

ChinaChina•Chinese isolation kept industrial Chinese isolation kept industrial

technology out.technology out.•British traded opium for Chinese British traded opium for Chinese

goods.goods.– Led to war, Chinese defeat, & Led to war, Chinese defeat, &

European domination of China.European domination of China.

Japan Japan ModernizesModernizes

• Initially accepted unequal treaties Initially accepted unequal treaties with the west.with the west.

•Gov’t encouraged home-grown Gov’t encouraged home-grown industry (1870s)industry (1870s)

•Became an imperial power in AsiaBecame an imperial power in Asia– Defeated Russia in the 1905 Russo-Defeated Russia in the 1905 Russo-

Japanese War.Japanese War.

• Q: Which cause of imperialism does Q: Which cause of imperialism does Japanese history support?Japanese history support?

• A: Raw materials and new markets A: Raw materials and new markets for industryfor industry

• Q: Which cause of imperialism does Q: Which cause of imperialism does Japanese history refute?Japanese history refute?

• A: Racism (Europeans being superior)A: Racism (Europeans being superior)

AssignmentAssignment• ELT: Analyze how forces of tradition ELT: Analyze how forces of tradition

and change have altered societies and change have altered societies throughout history.throughout history.

• Let’s look at one famous Chinese Let’s look at one famous Chinese reaction to imperialism.reaction to imperialism.– ““The Boxer Rebellion”The Boxer Rebellion”

•Reading and QuestionsReading and Questions

Imperialism in AfricaImperialism in Africa

•Europeans went from the Europeans went from the slave trade to exporting raw slave trade to exporting raw materials in the late 1800s.materials in the late 1800s.

• In 1885, 14 European nations In 1885, 14 European nations partitioned (divided) & partitioned (divided) & claimed nearly all of Africa.claimed nearly all of Africa.– Irrespective of African cultures.Irrespective of African cultures.

•By 1914, European nations By 1914, European nations controlled 90% of Africa.controlled 90% of Africa.

Help mini-me get to India.Help mini-me get to India.

Help mini-me get to India.Help mini-me get to India.

•British acquire the Suez canal to British acquire the Suez canal to reach India quickly. reach India quickly. (1875)(1875)

Two Independent NationsTwo Independent Nations•Liberia due to ties to the U.S.Liberia due to ties to the U.S.

– Est. 1822 by free African AmericansEst. 1822 by free African Americans•Ethiopia due to the military Ethiopia due to the military

leadership of Emperor Menelik II.leadership of Emperor Menelik II.

Essential Learning Target: Gathering, Essential Learning Target: Gathering, analyzing, and reconciling historical analyzing, and reconciling historical information, including contradictory data, information, including contradictory data, from primary and secondary sources to from primary and secondary sources to support or reject hypotheses.support or reject hypotheses.

• Let’s consider imperialism and Africa’s Let’s consider imperialism and Africa’s natural resources.natural resources.– ““Africa’s Natural Resources” Map ActivityAfrica’s Natural Resources” Map Activity

Circa Circa 17631763

Latin American IndependenceLatin American Independence•BIG Idea: In the early 1800s, BIG Idea: In the early 1800s,

Latin Americans, inspired by Latin Americans, inspired by Enlightenment ideas, sought to Enlightenment ideas, sought to end Spanish and Portuguese end Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule.colonial rule.

Spain and Spain and PortugalPortugal•Forced natives, then Africans, to Forced natives, then Africans, to

labor farming cash crops.labor farming cash crops.•Catholic Church converted Catholic Church converted

natives and taught loyalty to the natives and taught loyalty to the crown.crown.– By 1800, the Catholic Church owned ½ By 1800, the Catholic Church owned ½

the wealth of Latin America.the wealth of Latin America.

Colonial Social Colonial Social StructureStructure

•Peninsulares: Upper ClassPeninsulares: Upper Class– European-born whites European-born whites – held all political powerheld all political power

•Creoles: Middle ClassCreoles: Middle Class– Colonial-born whitesColonial-born whites– Owned land and businessesOwned land and businesses

•Mestizos: Lower ClassMestizos: Lower Class– Native & European descent, Natives, Native & European descent, Natives,

and Africansand Africans– Servants and unskilled laborServants and unskilled labor

Which class was revolutionary?Which class was revolutionary?•Creoles were revolutionary.Creoles were revolutionary.

– EducatedEducated– Read Enlightenment philosophiesRead Enlightenment philosophies

•(John Locke)(John Locke)

HaitiHaiti

•First independent state in Latin America.First independent state in Latin America.– Slave revolt in 1804.Slave revolt in 1804.

Mexican Mexican IndependenceIndependence

•Under Miguel Hidalgo, Under Miguel Hidalgo, natives & mestizos natives & mestizos unsuccessfully revolted unsuccessfully revolted against the Spanish in against the Spanish in 1810.1810.

•Wealth Creoles claimed Wealth Creoles claimed independence in 1821.independence in 1821.

•Central America soon Central America soon followed.followed.

South South AmericaAmerica•Simón BolívarSimón Bolívar

– Venezuelan CreoleVenezuelan Creole– Started a revolt in Started a revolt in

1810.1810.– By 1826, liberated all By 1826, liberated all

of South America.of South America.– Wanted a unified South Wanted a unified South

America.America.

Challenges to Challenges to UnityUnity

•GeographyGeography– Mountains & jungles hindered trade Mountains & jungles hindered trade

& unity.& unity.•Colonial PastColonial Past

– No practice in self-gov’tNo practice in self-gov’t– Military dictatorshipsMilitary dictatorships

AssignmentAssignment

• ELT: Analyze how forces of change ELT: Analyze how forces of change have influenced societies.have influenced societies.

• Let’s take a look at one of Mexico’s Let’s take a look at one of Mexico’s most famous revolutionary.most famous revolutionary.– Fransisco “Pancho” VillaFransisco “Pancho” Villa

•Guided ReadingGuided Reading

Complete a “P.O.S.E.R.S.” Image Analysis on this cartoon.Complete a “P.O.S.E.R.S.” Image Analysis on this cartoon.

American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism•BIG Idea: By the mid-1800s, the BIG Idea: By the mid-1800s, the

U.S. replaced Spain as the U.S. replaced Spain as the imperial power in Latin America.imperial power in Latin America.– Included Included

territorial territorial expansion as expansion as well as modern well as modern economic economic imperialism.imperialism.

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine (1823)(1823)•Proclaimed Latin America a U.S. Proclaimed Latin America a U.S.

sphere of influence, excluding sphere of influence, excluding European imperial powers.European imperial powers.

Mexican-American War Mexican-American War (1846-(1846-48)48)

• In 1845, Americans living in the In 1845, Americans living in the Mexican state of Texas revolted.Mexican state of Texas revolted.– U.S. soon annexed TexasU.S. soon annexed Texas

•Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo– Gave ½ of Gave ½ of

Mexico’s Mexico’s land to the land to the U.S.U.S.

Which U.S. states were formerly Which U.S. states were formerly Mexican territory?Mexican territory?

• "One is guilty of all "One is guilty of all abjection (injustice) that abjection (injustice) that one does not help to one does not help to relieve." relieve."

• "Other famous men, "Other famous men, those of much talk and those of much talk and few deeds, soon few deeds, soon evaporate. Action is the evaporate. Action is the dignity of greatness." dignity of greatness."

– José MartíJosé Martí (Father of the (Father of the Cuban Nation)Cuban Nation)

Spanish-American War Spanish-American War 18981898•Cuba was a profitable Spanish Cuba was a profitable Spanish

colony controlled with brute force.colony controlled with brute force.– Cubans revoltedCubans revolted

•U.S. ousted Spain and U.S. U.S. ousted Spain and U.S. business began influencing the business began influencing the Cuban gov’t.Cuban gov’t.– Denying Denying

Cuban Cuban ind.ind.

•Formally gained Puerto Rico, the Formally gained Puerto Rico, the Philippines, & Guam.Philippines, & Guam.

Other U.S. GainsOther U.S. Gains

• In 1898 American businessmen In 1898 American businessmen overthrew the Hawaiian Queen.overthrew the Hawaiian Queen.

• In 1904, T. R. took the Panama In 1904, T. R. took the Panama Canal through politics & Force.Canal through politics & Force.– To move the U.S. Navy between To move the U.S. Navy between

oceans to control its colonies.oceans to control its colonies.

A cross-section of the Panama CanalA cross-section of the Panama Canal

Economic ImperialismEconomic Imperialism•Beginning in 1898, U.S. military Beginning in 1898, U.S. military

forces were sent to Cuba, forces were sent to Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican Haiti, and the Dominican Republic to protect American Republic to protect American financial interests.financial interests.

•L.A. countries became L.A. countries became dependent on cash crop, export dependent on cash crop, export economies.economies.– Sugar in CubaSugar in Cuba– Coffee in BrazilCoffee in Brazil– Bananas in Central AmericaBananas in Central America

•Rule by caudillos, or military leaders.Rule by caudillos, or military leaders.– Often supported by the U.S.Often supported by the U.S.– Huge wealth disparities between rich & Huge wealth disparities between rich &

poor.poor.

Batista in CubaPinochet in Chile

Assignment/ActivityAssignment/Activity• ELT: Give examples of how ELT: Give examples of how

philosophical beliefs have influenced philosophical beliefs have influenced society.society.

• Let’s take a look at how the press Let’s take a look at how the press influenced American imperialism.influenced American imperialism.– ““Yellow Journalism”Yellow Journalism”

•Reading and QuestionsReading and Questions

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