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Atoms
8.8a Describe the structure and parts of an atoms.
Verb: describeNoun: structure and parts
Context: atomDescribe- to give an account of in words.
Atoms
• All Matter is made of atoms
Atoms
• Atoms are the smallest particle of an Element– Example: Smallest piece of gold is a gold
atom
Atoms
• All the atoms of an Element are almost exactly the same
Atoms
• Different Elements are made of different atoms– Ex:
• Lithium
• Helium
What are the parts of an atom?
• Subatomic particles
What are the parts of an atom?
• Subatomic particles– Protons– Neutrons– Electrons
What are the parts of an atom?
– Protons – Positive (+) charge– have mass = 1amu– In the nucleus
What are the parts of an atom?
– Neutrons – No charge (0)– have mass= 1amu– In the nucleus
What are the parts of an atom?
– Electrons –
Negative (-) Charge
has no mass we can
measure
• Electron(-) in electron
• cloud
What are the parts of an atom?
• Valence Electrons– Electrons found in the outer most regions of
the atoms electron cloud– Involved in Bonding
Location of Subatomic Particles?
Location of Subatomic Particles Electron
Cloud
• Nucleus– Proton(+) in nucleus– Neutron(O) in nucleus– Overall charge is (+)
Nucleus
Location of Subatomic Particles
• Electron(-) in electron
cloud
It surround the nucleus
It has a (-) charge
Location of Subatomic Particles
• Our model is not accurate (correct)– The electron cloud has many
different shapes- The space between the
nucleus and electron cloud
is much greater
Atoms and the Periodic Table
• SE: Interpret information on the periodic table to understand that physical properties are used to group element.
– Verb: Interpret– Noun : information on the periodic table
Atoms and the Periodic Table
• Atomic Number 12
• Symbol Mg
• Mass number 24.305
Atomic Number on the Periodic Table
Atomic Number
• Atomic number = Protons(+)
• If this number changes – New Element!
Electrons(-)
Protons = Electrons (in a neutral atom)
Atomic Number 12
Symbol Mg
Mass number 24.305
Neutrons (0)
• Neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number
• Must look at both number
Atomic Number 13
Symbol Al
Mass number 26.982
Atom Bonding
• Atoms want their outer energy level to be full– Energy Level 1 =2 electrons– Energy Level 2 = 8 electrons– Energy Level 3 = 8 electrons
How do they accomplish this?
Atom Bonding
• To fill their outer energy level they :– Share– Give up all the electrons in the outer energy
level– Steal electrons to complete their outer energy
level
Atom Bonding
• If they give up (lose) electrons they are no longer neutral atoms.
They are Positive Ions
Example:
Ex: Lithium Loses it’s valence electron and becomes a + 1 ion
-
- +3 -2 = +1
3P+ 4N
Atom Bonding
• If they steal electron they are no longer neutral atom.
• They become a negative ion
Atom Bonding
• Fluorine only needs one more electron to fill it’s outer energy level so it steals one and becomes negative ion +9
+ -10
-1 ion
Atom Bonding
• When atoms become + or – ions, they are then attracted to oppositely charged ions and create molecule or compounds