ATOMIC PHYSICS 4

1969-Atomic Physics 1 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Atomic PhYSics, June 3-7, 1968, in New York City V. W. Hughes, Conference Chairman B. Bederson, V. W. Cohen, and F. M. J. Pichanik, Editors

1971-Atomic Physics 2 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Atomic Physics, July 21-24,1970, Oxford, England G. K. Woodgate, Conference Chairman P. G. H. Sandars, Editor

1973-Atomic Physics 3 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Atomic Physics, August 7-11, 1972, Boulder, Colorado S. J. Smith and G. K. Walters, Conference Chairmen and Editors

1975-Atomic Physics 4 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Physics, July 22-26,1974, Heidelberg, Germany G. zu Putlitz, Conference Chairman, E. W. Weber and A. Winnacker, Editors

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

ATOMIC PHYSICS 4

Editors G. zu PUTLITZ Conference Chairman

E.W.WEBER

and

A. WINNACKER

Physics Institute, University of Heidelberg

PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-176581 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-2966-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-2964-0 001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2964-0

Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Physics, July 22-26, 1974, Heidelberg, Germany

© 1975 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975

A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011

United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

E. U. CONDON (1902-1974)

J. Brossel P. Burke H. B. G. Casimir V. W. Cohen H. Ehrhardt H. Foley G. Herzberg V. W. Hughes P. Jacquinot N. Kaliteevsky A. Kastler H. Kleinpoppen I. Lindgren E. E. Nikitin

W. Paul J. c. Pebay-Peyroula

I. I. Rabi N. F. Ramsey A. L. Schawlow H. A. Shugart S. J. Smith K. Takayanagi G. K. Walters G. K. Woodgate F. Zavattini, G. zu Putlitz

H. Ackermann K. Dorenburg P. Heitjans J. Kowalski R. Muller H. Nienstadt H.Orth

Organizing Committee

Universite de Paris, Paris, France Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, Holland Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, LI., N.Y., USA Universitat Trier-Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Columbia University, New York, USA National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada Yale University, New Haven, USA Lab. Aime Cotton, Orsay, France Leningrad State University, Leningrad, USSR Universite de Paris, Paris, France University of Stirling, Stirling, England Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences,

Moscow, USSR Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany Universite Scientifique et Medical de Grenoble,

Grenoble, France Columbia University, New York, USA Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., USA Stanford University, Stanford, USA University of California, Berkeley, USA Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Boulder, USA University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Rice University, Houston, USA Oxford University, Oxford, England CERN, Geneve, Switzerland Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Chairman

Local Committee

G. zu Putlitz H. zu Putlitz E.W. Weber H. G. Weber A. Winnacker J. Wobbe

University of Heidelberg

Program Committee

P. Burke J. Hlifner V. W. Hughes E.-W. Otten H. Van Regemorter

N. F. Ramsey J. P. Toennies

G. zu Putlitz

Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Yale University, New Haven, USA Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany Dep. Astrophysique Fondamentale,

Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., USA Max-Planck-I nstitut f. Str6mungsfor~chung,

G6ttingen, Germany Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,

Chairman

Sponsoring Agencies

Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) European Research Office International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (lUPAP) Land Baden-Wlirttemberg Universitat Heidelberg

Individual Sponsors

BASF, Ludwigshafen BBC, Mannheim Boehringer, Mannheim Borer, Solothurn Bruker-Physik, Karlsruhe Deutsche Intertechnique GmbH, Mainz B. Halle, Nachf., Berlin Heidelberger Druckmaschinen, Heidelberg IBM Deutschland Kupferberg Sektkellerei, Mainz Ortec, Mlinchen PWA Kunststoff GmbH, Mannheim Schlossquell AG, Heidelberg Schomandl KG, Mlinchen Siemens AG, Erlangen Springer Verlag, Berlin Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen

Preface

ATOMIC PHYSICS 4 extends the series of books containing the invited papers presented at each "International Conference on Atomic Physics." FICAP, the fourth conference of this type since its foun­dation in 1968, was held at the University of Heidelberg. The goal of these conferences, to cover the field of atomic physics with all its different branches, to review the present status of research, to revive the fundamental basis of atomic physics and to emphasize future developments of this field as well as its applications was met by more than thirty invited speakers, leaders in the field of atomic physics. Their talks were supplemented by more than two hundred contributed papers contained in the FICAP Book of Abstracts.

This volume begins with papers given in honour and memory of E. U. Condon, to whom this conference was dedicated. It continues with articles on fundamental interactions in atoms and Quantum electrodynamics, on the fast progressing field of high energy heavy ion collisions and Quasi-molecules, on electronic and atomic collisions and the structure of electronic and ~-mesic atoms. The volume closes with contributions concerning the application of la­sers in atomic physics, a new field of vastly increasing importance to fundamental experiments as well as applications. We feel that this book contains a very stimulating account of the present main streams of research in atomic physics and its possible future di­rections.

ix

Gisbert zu Putlitz Physikalisches Institut Universitat Heidelberg

Contents

Edward Uhler Condon - a Personal Recollection • • • • • • • • Lewis M. Branscomb

E. U. Condon - the Physicist and the Individual • • • • • .• 5 1. 1. Rabi

Perspectives on "The Theory of Atomic Spectra". . • • • • •• 13 B. R. Judd

New Developments in Level Crossing Spectroscopy N. I. Kalitejewski and M. Tschaika

Correlations of Excited Electrons U. Fano and C. D. Lin

The Search for Violation of P or T Invariance in Atoms or Molecules • • • •

P. G. H. Sandars

19

47

71

Rydberg Constant • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 93 Theo W. Hansch

A New Value of the Fine Structure Constant from Helium Fine Structure • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 105

Michael L. Lewis

Recent Fine Structure Measurements in HYdrogen-Like Atoms ............ . 119

Francis M. Pipkin

xi

xii CONTENTS

Preliminary Experimental Results on the Energy Difference between the 2S1/2 and 2P3/2 Levels of the (~4He)+ System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

A. Bertin, G. Carboni, J. Duclos, U. Gastaldi, G. Gorini, G. Neri, J. Picard, O. Pitzurra, A. Placci, E. Polacco, G. Torelli, A. Vitale, E. Zavattini, and K. Ziock

Particular Properties of Hadronic (Exotic) Atoms G. Backenstoss

The Vacuum Polarization Correction in Muonic Atoms R. Engfer and J. L. Vuilleumier

The Decay of the Neutral Vacuum in Overcritical Fields Berndt Muller, R. K. Smith, and Walter Greiner

The Quasi-Molecular Model of Atomic Collsions • • • William Lichten

Radiative Transitions in Quasi-Molecules F. W. Saris and F. J. de Heer

Superheavy Quasimolecules • • • • • • . • • • • • P. H. Mokler, S. Hagman, P. Armbruster, G. Kraft, H. J. Stein, K. Rashid, and B. Fricke

Model and Pseudopotential Calculations A. Dalgarno

163

191

209

249

287

301

325

Eikonal-Born Series Methods in Electron-Atom Scattering • •• 337 F. W. Byron, Jr.

Interaction of Low Energy Positrons with Gaseous Atoms and Molecules • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 355

P. G. Coleman, T. C. Griffith, G. R. Heyland, and T. L. Killeen

Threshold Processes in Electron-Helium Scattering • • • • •• 373 F. H. Read

Electron Scattering by Laser Excited Atoms in well defined States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. V. Hertel

Electron Transfer in Simple Atomic Collisions: Recent Theory, Experiment, and Applications •.••••••

James E. Bayfield

381

397

CONTENTS

Low Energy Electron-Molecule Scattering K. Takayanagi

Electron Photon Coincidences and Polarization of Impact Radiation • • • • •

H. Kleinpoppen

The Negative Hydrogen Ion and Its Behaviour in Atomic Collisions • • • • . • • • • • . . • • • . • • • • . •

John S. Risley

Intramultiplet Mixing and Depolarization In Atomic Collisions • • . • . . • . . . • • • • • . . • • •

E. E. Nikitin

xiii

435

449

487

529

The Spectra of Colliding Atoms • • • • • • • . • • • • • .• 559 Alan Gallagher

Collision Studies with Ion Storage Techniques G. H. Dunn

Optical Pumping with Lasers C. Cohen-Tannoudji

High Resolution Spectroscopy by Means of Tunable Lasers

575

and Atomic Beams • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 615 Pierre Jacquinot

Quantum-Beats and Laser Excitation In Fast-Beam Spectroscopy • • . • . • • . • • • . • . • • • . • • • . •• 635

H. J. Andre.

Cascade and Stepwise Laser Spectroscopy of Alkali Atoms. .• 651 W. Happer

New Results Obtained on Electronic Excited States of the H2 Molecule by Methods Involving Coherence or Doppler-Free Effects • • • • • . • • • . • • . • . • • • • • • • 683

J. C. Pebay-Peyroula

Photoionization and Autoionization of Excited Rare Gas Atoms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

R. F. Stebbings, F.B. Dunning, and R. D. Rundel

Structure Information from Atomic-Beam Magnetic­Resonance Studies of Many-Electron Atoms

William J. Childs

Many-Body Effects in Atomic Hyperfine Interaction Ingvar Lindgren

. . . . . .

(13

731

xiv

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX .

CONTENTS

773

775

ATOMIC PHYSICS 4