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Atmospheric Deposition to Complex Terrain: Scaling
Up to the Landscape
K.C. Weathers, G.M. Lovett, S.E. Lindberg
S.M. Simkin, D.N. Lewis,
K. Schwarz Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Importance of QuantifyingAtmospheric Deposition• Ecologists
–Input/output budgets
–Biotic response
•Managers
–Protecting critical resources
• Policy makers
–Legislation
We Need Higher Resolution Data
Ecosystem
Inputs (nutrients, pollutants)
Outputs
PRIMENet Project Objectives
• Quantify total atmospheric deposition (S & N) to complex landscapes with a range of forest types and elevations
• Create and use deposition models to produce some of the first landscape scale maps of atmospheric deposition
• Identify HOTSPOTS of deposition
Methods• Record landscape features (ele, slo, asp,
veg) at sampling locations • Measure indices of deposition
a) Lead (Pb) in forest floor for GRSM
b) Sulfate (SO42-) in throughfall for ACAD
• Relate landscape features to deposition indices using General Linear Model
• Scaling-Up– apply GLM to each cell (pixel) of GIS database– convert deposition index to deposition value
using base values at NADP + CASTNet sites
Forest Floor Lead (Pb) as an
Index of Deposition
• Lead accumulates and remains in organic matter for decades
• Single sample yields a long-term index• Lead concentration calibrated against
traditional measures of deposition
β1 * Elevation
β2 * For Type
Deposition
+
=
Deposition = f(elevation, for type)
Preliminary
Preliminary
Throughfall Sulfate(SO4
2-) as an Index
of Deposition
• Collect throughfall on a monthly basis
• Concentrate anions of interest using ion exchange resin
Deposition = f(elevation, for type)
Preliminary
Preliminary
Conclusions
• Can identify areas likely to receive high nutrient and pollutant deposition load
• Surprisingly similar models for Smokies and Acadia
• Improved model of total atmospheric deposition improved data for ecosystem budgets, resource management, and policy formulation
Next Steps in Model
• Incorporate other landscape features – topographic exposure indices – distance to coast
• Use base deposition data to produce maps with deposition values for ACAD and GRSM parks
• Additional work funded by NPS at ACAD – link with UMO surface water chemistry – compare with watershed scale deposition
We are indebted to all the people at Acadia and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks that
have made this project successful and enjoyable
Distance to coast (m)
Distance to coast (m)
Relative Deposition Index
Low
High
Deposition = f(veg type,elevation)