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ATMOS 312RADAR METEOROLOGY
Chapter 1: COURSE OVERVIEW
Hei
ght(
km)
Range (km)
Beam
Chapter 2:
Electric and Magnetic fields
ElectromagneticPropagation
ElectromagneticSpectrum
Polarization
Beam propagation through the atmosphere
Anomalous propagation
PULSEElectric
FieldSidelobes
DuplexerKlystronAmplifier
Pulsemodulator
STALOMicrowaveOscillator
FrequencyMixer
COHOMicrowaveOscillator
Amplifier
PhaseDetector
DISPLAY
switch
Half-power beamwidth
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
ANTENNA
FrequencyMixer
Chapter 3: Basic components of a radar, Characteristics of a microwave pulse, how microwave pulses are generated, transmitted, and received, quantities describing radar properties.
Chapter 4: Radar displays
D ista n c e (k m )
R ef le ct iv ity fa cto r (d B Z )
S tr a t i fo r m a r e a C o n v e c t io n
B BAltitude (km)
Plan Position Indicator display
Range Height Indicator display
10 20 30 40 50 60 70Reflectivity Factor (dBZ)
65 55 45 35 25 15 5
Reflectivity Factor (dBZ)
In Chapter 4, We will discuss the appearance of echoes, for example convective and stratiform, banded and not banded, and the reason for these different types of organization
ELDORA radar -15 0 15 30 45 (dBZ)
PrecipitationStreamer
Distance (km)-10 0 10
0.0
5.0
2.5
7.5H
eigh
t(k
m)
We will also discussdisplays of derivedquantities and displaysfrom non-conventionalradars such as airborneradars
Chapters 5 and 6
2
2
20
2
3
2ln1024
K
Pr
GPcZ r
t
Radar equations:
Solitary targetsDistributed targetsWeather targets
Chapter 7: Relationship of Radar Reflectivity to other meteorological quantities
Rainfall
Drop size distribution
Liquid water content
Chapter 8: Doppler radar
0 50 100 150 200 250Maximum Unambiguous Range (km)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39M
axim
umU
nam
bigu
ous
Vel
ocit
y(m
/s)
= 0.86 cm
= 3.2 cm
= 5.0 cm
= 10.0 cm
Measurements of Phase and the Doppler Dilemma
Pow
er(d
ecib
els
belo
wpe
ak)
0
-20
-40-Vr,max +Vr,max0
Radial Velocity (m s-1)
Mean velocity
Spectralwidth
The Doppler Spectra and its relationship to turbulence and the drop size distribution
-51 -37 -24 -10 3 17 30 44
Wind Speed (knots)
12
24
0180 225 270 315 360
Hei
ght(
kft)
Hei
ght(
kft)
12
24
0
Wind speed (kt)0 20 40 60 80
12
24
0180 225 270 315 360
Hei
ght(
kft)
Hei
ght(
kft)
12
24
0
Wind speed (kt)0 20 40 60 80
-51 -37 -24 -10 3 17 30 44
Wind Speed (knots)
Chapter 9:
Interpretation of DopplerRadar displays
Stratiform echo
Airflow in display windowRadial velocity pattern
in display window
T
Radar
50 n miles
100 n miles
N
S
EW
Displaywindow
-51 -37 -24 -10 3 17 30 44
Wind Speed (knots)
Convective storms
Detection of rotation,Straight line winds,Microbursts
North
South
East
West
H
H
H
H
V V
V
V
VrVr
RADAR
Zenith
Horizontal ring
N NE E SE S SW W NW N
0
5
10
15
-5
-10
-15
Rad
ialv
eloc
ity
Beam direction
Minimumradial velocity
looking into wind
Maximumradial velocity
looking downwind
N NE E SE S SW W NW N
0
5
10
15
-5
-10
-15
Rad
ialv
eloc
ity
Beam direction
N NE E SE S SW W NW N
0
5
10
15
-5
-10
-15
Rad
ialv
eloc
ity
Beam direction
Radial velocity
Component of radial velocity due to vertical (V) motion of precipitation
Component of radial velocity due to horizontal (H) wind
Vr
(Vr)
A
B
C
D
Chapter 10: Measurement of vertical wind profiles using VAD and wind profilers
Radar B
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
40 knots
Distance
along northwest
side of box (km)
Distance along
southwest side of box
(km)
RadarA0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
Radar ARadar B
A
B
Chapter 11: Dual Doppler retrieval of 3D Wind fields in storms
Supercells MCSs Snowstorms
Hurricanes Frontal Rainbands Lake Effect Snows
Chapter 12: Radar studies of weather systems
Chapter 13: Polarization Diversity Radars
Ground
Clutter
Birds
Insects
Supercooled
Liquid
Water
Droplets
IrregularIce
Crystals
Icecrystals
WetS
now
Dry
Snow
Graupel/R
ain
Graupel/S
mallH
ail
Rain/H
ail
Heavy
Rain
Moderate
Rain
LightR
ain
Drizzle
Cloud
Hail
Chapter 14: Advanced Topics
Single Doppler retrievalOf horizontal wind fields
Mobile radar systems
-15 0 15 30 45
0 5 10 15 20 25 Range (km)
ReflectivityFactor (dBZ)
Airborne radar systems
Satellite-based radar systems
Thermodynamic retrieval of pressure and thermal fields fromthree-dimensional Doppler-derived wind fields