ATERIOLES branch into glomerulus

PELVIS collection of urine from all parts of the kidney

MEDULLA collecting tubules pass urine through medulla

CORTEX location of glomeruli tubules of nephron and associated capillaries around tubules

NEPHRON functional unit of the kidney

GLOMERULUS small capillary network, blood enters under high pressureBlood leaves under low

pressure, contains cells and large proteins only

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE blood plasma containing urea, water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions are forced out of capillaries into capsule

Capillary network

GLOMERULAR TUBULE as filtrate moves down, it has a higher concentration of amino acids, glucose, salts etc. than the blood, do they diffuse across. The tubule membrane is selectively permeable in that they do not allow the water, salts or urea to diffuse back into the blood.

SELECTIVE REABSORPTION when concentration of glucose, amino acids, water and salts are equal in tubule and capillary ACTIVE TRANSPORT begins. ATP is used to force the amino acids, glucose etc back into the blood against the concentration gradient

COLLECTING TUBULE takes urine from nephron to pelvis of kidney

LOOP OF HENLE- water balance maintained

BLOOD FROM RENAL ARTERY

BLOOD TO RENAL VEIN

v

v

v

v

v

v

v

v

v

STIMULUS

RECEPTOR

EFFECTOR

TRANSMISSION

RESPONSE

Rise in blood SOLUTES

Hypothalamus

Drop in water concentration

ADH - vasopressin

Hormone secretion increased

Kidney

Increases permeability of tubules to waterWater concentration rises in blood.

1. ADH – antidiuretic hormone (vapospressin)

NORMALBALANC

E

STIMULUS

RECEPTOR

EFFECTOR

TRANSMISSION

RESPONSE

Decrease in BLOOD PRESSURE

Kidney

ALDOSTERONE

Hormone secretion increased

Distal tubules

Sodium ions actively reabsorbed, water moves into blood.

Rise in blood pressure

2. ALDOSTERONE

NORMALBALANC

E

RENAL DIALYSIS