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Costal Climate Resilient Infrastructure Project Appendix - 2, 3rd Phase

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Table of Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 3

2 Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework ............................................................ 5

3 Description of the Project ...................................................................................... 6

3.1 Scope of the Project .............................................................................................. 6

3.2 Need for the project ............................................................................................... 6

3.3 Location of the project ........................................................................................... 7

3.4 Major components of the project ........................................................................... 7

3.5 Road Sub- projects ............................................................................................... 7

3.5.1 Design and Climate Resilience Aspects ............................................................... 8

3.5.2 Road Sub-Project - UZ09: ................................................................................... 10

3.5.2.1 Upazila Road – Lalmohan K. B.-Karter Hat (West Side). Lalmohan Upazila, Bhola, Barisal Region ........................................................................................................... 10

Project Location Maps .......................................................................................................... 10

Present Condition ................................................................................................................. 10

Structure Inventory ................................................................................................................ 11

Road Side Land Use ............................................................................................................. 12

Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 13

Improvement Recommendations .......................................................................................... 13

Road Improvement for 4.46 km Includes the Following Components: ................................. 13

Construction of 1 no. New Bridge Includes the Following Components ............................... 14

Construction of 4 nos. new Box Culvert and 9 nos. Additional Cross Culverts Includes the Following Components: .................................................................................................. 14

Observation/ Recommendation: ........................................................................................... 14

Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 14

Traffic Counts ........................................................................................................................ 15

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 15

3.5.2.2 Road Sub-Project - UZ11: Upazila Road – Banglabazar-Bagmara-Sharif K.-Banker Hat Road, Bhola Sadar Upazila ................................................................................ 16





Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 20



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Road improvement for 5.262 km Includes the Following Components: ................................ 21

Construction of 4 nos. new box culvert Includes the Following Components: ...................... 21


Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 21

Traffic Counts ........................................................................................................................ 22

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 22

3.5.2.3 Road Sub-Project - UZ18: Bogir Hat GC-Taltali GC via Taltali College,Taltali Upazila ............................................................................................................................ 23





Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 26


Road Improvement 4.23 km Includes the Following Components: ....................................... 27

Construction of 2 nos. New Bridges Includes the Following Components: ........................... 27

Construction of 5 nos. New Culverts Includes the Following Components: .......................... 27


Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 27

Traffic Counts ........................................................................................................................ 28

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 28

3.5.2.4 Road Sub-Project - UZ21: Upazila Road – Amrajuri - Keundia - Shahapura Connecting Road. Kawkhali Upazila, Pirojpur, Barisal Region ............................................. 29





Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 32


Road improvement for 1.4 km Includes the Following Components: .................................... 32

Construction of 1no. New Bridges Includes the Following Components: ............................. 33

Construction of 9 Nos. New Box Culvers and 4 Nos.Additional Cross Culverts Includes the Following Components: .................................................................................................. 33


Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 33

Traffic Counts ........................................................................................................................ 34

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 34

3.5.2.5 Road Sub-Project - UZ46: Upazila Road - Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) - Baka GC, Paikgacha Upazila, Khulna, Khulna Region ......................................................... 35


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Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 38


Road improvement 2.495km Includes the Following Components: ...................................... 39

Construction of 2 nos. New Box Culverts and 5 nos. U-Drains Includes the Following Components: ......................................................................................................................... 39


Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 39

Traffic Counts ........................................................................................................................ 40

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 40

3.5.2.6 Road Sub-Project - UZ49: Satkhira Bailey Bridge-Bangdah GC Road via Ellachar Road, Satkhira Sadar upazila, Satkhira, Khulna Region ...................................................... 41





Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 44


Road improvement 1.8 km and Road Maintenance 1.2 km Includes the Following Components: ......................................................................................................................... 45

Construction of 2 nos. New Box Culverts and 1 additional Cross Culvert Includes the Following Components: ........................................................................................................ 45


Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 45

Traffic Counts ........................................................................................................................ 46

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 46

3.5.3 Third Year Phase Markets Program ................................................................... 48

Design and Climate Resilience Aspects ............................................................................... 48

Tentative Time Schedule for Markets ................................................................................... 49

3.5.3.1 Market Sub-Project - LRM13: DhalChar Bazar, Upazila – Charfassion – District – Bhola, Barisal Region ........................................................................................................... 51

Project Location Map ............................................................................................................ 51


Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 52

Key Requests from Stakeholder ........................................................................................... 53

Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 53


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Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 54

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 54

3.5.3.2 Market Sub-Project - Sub-Project - LRM17: Khaser Hat, Upazila – Patuakhali Sadar, District – Patuakhali ................................................................................................... 55


Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 56



Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 58

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 58

3.5.3.3 Market Sub-Project - LRM 40: Ishibpur Bazar, Upazila– Rajoir, Madaripur Region ............................................................................................................................ 59



Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 60



Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 62

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 62

3.5.3.4 Market Sub-Project - LRM 42: Shurar Hat Bazar, Upazila– Shibchar –Madaripur Region ............................................................................................................................ 63



Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 64



Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 66

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 66

3.5.3.5 Market Sub-Project - LRM 49: Nayakandi Bazar, Upazila – Kotalipara – District – Gopalganj ............................................................................................................................ 67



Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 68



Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 70

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 70

3.5.3.6 Market Sub-Project - LRM 54: Kalinagar Bazar, Upazila – Dacope, Khulna Region ............................................................................................................................ 71


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Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 72



Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 74

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 74

3.5.3.7 Market Sub-Project - LRM 61: Kazra Bazar, Upazila – Assasuni – District – Satkhira, Khulna Region ....................................................................................................... 75



Photo Record ........................................................................................................................ 76



Estimated Cost ...................................................................................................................... 78

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 78

4 Description of the Environment (Baseline Data) ................................................. 79

4.1 Physical Resources ............................................................................................. 79

4.2 Biological (Natural Environment) ......................................................................... 80

4.3 Wildlife Status in Project Site .............................................................................. 82

4.4. Socio-economic ................................................................................................... 82

4.4.1 Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 82

4.4.2 Crops Grown ....................................................................................................... 82

4.4.3 Quality of life values ............................................................................................ 83

5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................. 84

5.1 Subproject Specific Impacts ................................................................................ 84

5.2 Other Environmental Impacts .............................................................................. 88

6 Climate Change Adaptation Strategies/Options .................................................. 94

7 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation ....................................... 95

8 Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................................... 96

8.1 Grievance Redress Committees ......................................................................... 97

8.2 Grievance Redress Procedures .......................................................................... 97

8.3 Grievance Redress Flow Chart ........................................................................... 98

9 Environment Management Plan (EMP) ............................................................... 99

9.1 Environmental Monitoring .................................................................................... 99

10 Institutional Requirements for Implementing the EMPError! Bookmark not defined.

11 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................. 113


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ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank

BCCSAP - Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan

BWDB - Bangladesh Water Development Board

CCA - Climate Change Adaptation

CCRIP - Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project

DOE - Department of Environment

DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction

EA - Environmental Assessment

ECA - Environment Conservation Act

ECoP - Environmental Codes of Practice

ECR - Environment Conservation Rules

EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment

EMAP - Environment Management Action Plan

EMP - Environmental Management Plan

GCM - Growth Centre Market

GDP - Gross Domestic Product

GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism

IEE - Initial Environmental Examination

LCS - Labor Contracting Societies

LGED - Local Government Engineering Department

MOEF - Ministry of Environment and Forest

MOLGRD&C - Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & Cooperatives

NGO - Non-Government Organization

PIC - Project Implementation Consultant

PIU - Project Implementation Unit

RRA - Rapid Rural Appraisal

SLR - Sea Level Rise

UNDP - United Nations Development Program


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GLOSSARY

Baor An oxbow lake or wetland formed in an abandoned arm of a river

Beel A saucer-shaped depression which generally retains water throughout the year

Haor A back swamp or bowl-shaped depression located between the natural levees of rivers and may comprises of a number of beels

Khas Land Public lands not registered in the name of any individual or corporate body, regarded by land administration officials as belonging to the state

Union Parishad Lowest administrative unit in the rural areas

Upazila Sub-District

The Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.


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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Introduction The project is included in the Government of Bangladesh’s Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (SPCR), prepared under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR). Within the framework of SPCR, the project will enhance climate resilience in the 12 rural coastal districts (Figure 1). The main project outputs include (1) improved road connectivity; (2) improved market services; and (3) enhanced climate change adaptation capacity.

The Project will upgrade about 130 kilometres (km) of Upazila roads, 174 km of Union roads, 233 km Village roads, 15 km cyclone shelter access tracks, 88 growth centre and rural markets, 186 community markets, 37 boat landing stages, and 25 cyclone shelters. Improving rural roads and associated infrastructure will provide local inhabitants with efficient transport to markets and trading centres and access to social and welfare services.

This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) covers six (6) road projects and seven (7) markets in Barisal, Khulna and Madaripur Region are included in the Phase-3. The details of Sub-Projects along with their Economic Rate of Return and Feasibility Scoring are given in the table below.

Road Component:

S. No District Upazila Road Name Project Length

[km]

Cost Estimate

[Taka]

EIRR (%)

Feasibility Scoring

Barisal Region

UZ09 Bhola Lalmohan Lalmohan K. B.-Karter Hat (West Side) 4.46 84,696,150 19.82 84

UZ11 Bhola Bhola-Sadar Banglabazar-Bagmara-Sharif K.-Banker HatRoad

5.26 41,660,000 22.75 86

UZ18 Barguna Taltali Bogir Hat GC-Tatalia GC via Tatalia College 4.23 91,393,000 20.61 87

UZ21 Pirojpur Kawkhali Amrajuri-Keundia-Shahapura ConnectinRoad

1.40 45,171,000 25.16 87

Khulna Region

UZ46 Khulna Paikgacha Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) - Baka GC

2.50 34,543,950 25.96 85

UZ49 Satkhira Sadar Satkhira Baily Bridge-Bangdah GC Road via Ellachar Road

1.80 37,306,500 26.22 84

Total Estimate for Upazilla Roads 19.65


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Market Component

Seven (7) markets categorised under the Large Rural Markets category in the Barisal, Khulna and Madaripur Region are included in the third year Phase. The details of Sub-Projects along with their Economic Rate of Return and Feasibility Scoring are given in the table below.

Sl. No. District Upazila Name of Rural Market

Cost Estimate in Taka

EIRR (%)

Feasibility Scoring

Barisal Region

LRM13 Bhola Charfassion DhalChar Bazar 5,968,233 24 86

LRM17 Patuakhali Patuakhali Sadar

Khaser Hat Bazar 5,654,283 26 86

Madaripur Region

LRM 40 Madaripur Rajoir Ishibpur Bazar 5,968,233 31 84

LRM 42 Madaripur Shibchar Shurar Hat Bazar 5,654,283 21 84

LRM49 Gopalganj Kotalipara Naya Kandi Bazar 6,028,608 21 88

Khulna Region

LRM 54 Khulna Dacope Kalinagar Bazar 5,654,283 24 84

LRM 61 Satkhira Assasuni Khazra Bazar 5,654,283 22 86

Total Estimate for Large Rural Markets 40,582,206 Taka

The subprojects included in the IEE are categorized as Category “B” for environment as per ADB guidelines and ‘Orange B’ as per Department of Environment, Bangladesh’s categorization. ADB categorizes all projects according to the magnitude or scale of their anticipated environmental impact. Projects with limited potential adverse environmental impact require an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), and are classified as Category “B”.

The scope of the IEE includes:

a review of the policies and guidelines of ADB and the Government of Bangladesh relevant to environmental safeguards and compliances;

an examination of the salient biophysical and socio-economic conditions of the project area;

an identification of the relevant environmental and climatic parameters in the project area through scoping and literature review;

an assessment of the magnitude of the potential impacts of the project actions;


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assessment of the potential climate and disaster risks on the project, and suggestion for feasible adaptation and disaster risk reduction measures;

identification of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements during implementation; and

description of consultation and disclosure requirements.

The IEE was conducted following ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 and relevant policies and guidelines of the Department of Environment (DOE) of the Government of Bangladesh.

1.2 Methodology The field visits for data collection for IEE were conducted during November 2015 and January 2016. The task of preparing the IEE report consisted of the following sequential components:

• Familiarization with and review of various project actions of the LGED projects;

• Identification and screening of the environmental parameters relevant to the proposed project actions in the CCRIP area through a scoping process;

• Assessment of the categorization of the sub-projects based on magnitude of the potential negative impacts for relevant environmental parameters through the use of rapid environmental assessment checklists.

• Formulation of avoidance/mitigation measures to address the potential negative impacts, and preparation of an environmental management plan during the period of project implementation;

• Outlining a set of recommendations/suggestions for institutional strengthening of the LGED to develop its in-house capability in environmental assessment tasks, especially issues of climate change and disaster risks.

1.3 Conclusion

The potential environmental impacts of the subprojects covered by the IEE are insignificant, and temporary, which will mostly occur only during the construction stage. All the potential environmental impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level by adequate implementation of the measures as stated in the EMP.


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Figure 1: Map of Bangladesh showing CCRIP project area


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2 POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

Bangladesh has a wide range of laws and regulations related to environmental parameters. The most recent and the most important of the environmental laws are the Environment Conservation Act (ECA) of 1995, Environment Conservation Rules (ECR) of 1997 and Environmental Court Act of 2000. The ECR spells out rules and regulations for the enforcement of the ECA. Under the ECR, various development interventions are grouped into four main categories: Green (no environmental assessment required), Orange A (IEE required), Orange B (IEE required) and Red (EIA required) – in accordance with increasing potentials for adverse environmental impacts. The project interventions under the CCRIP fall into Orange category, and thus require the preparation of the IEE report. Both the ECA and the ECR cover a wide range of environmental issues, but they are neither fully comprehensive nor clear, and comprised of adhoc rules. A more recent legislation for enforcement has been the formulation of the Environment Court Act of 2000, which is authorized to try cases related to offences under the ECA/ECR. The Cabinet has also approved the Environment Court Bill 2010.

Since the mid-1980s, there had been a growing awareness and understanding in Bangladesh that the natural resources and the environment of the country are being degraded. The Government of Bangladesh recognizes the importance of environmental sustainability as the basis for long term development in the country. Bangladesh is a signatory to Agenda 21 of the 1992 Earth Summit, and it is committed to implement the international legal instrument in its national policies and programs. A National Conservation Strategy was prepared by the Government in 1991, which formed the basis for the formulation of the National Environment Policy (NEP) in 1992.

The Government has so far signed, ratified and acceded to over 25 environment-related international conventions, protocols and treaties. Some of the notable ones are the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Montreal Protocol on Ozone Layer Depletion, Agenda 21, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol, Convention on Biological Diversity, and Convention to Combat Desertification. The close relationship between environment and national development planning is embodied in the National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP), completed in 1995 with assistance from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). As a follow-up of the NEMAP and to concretize its vision, the Government executed a UNDP funded Sustainable Environment Management Program (SEMP) between 1998 and 2004, which emphasized several capacity building components of environmental management.

The Government has prepared a National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) in 2005 and further revised in 2009, which outlines several climate change adaptation options for the country. A more comprehensive document on climate change, titled ‘Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan’ (BCCSAP), released in 2008 and further revised in 2009 with 44 programs under six thematic areas. The Government has set up climate change cells in several relevant ministries and line agencies to monitor the activities to mitigate climate change impacts and suggest remedial programs. The Government is planning to set up a climate change department under the MOEF.


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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

3.1 Scope of the Project The Project will upgrade about 130 kilometres (km) of Upazila roads, 174 km of Union roads, 233 km Village roads, 15 km cyclone shelter access tracks, 88 growth centre and rural markets, 186 community markets, 37 boat landing stages, and 25 cyclone shelters. Improving rural roads and associated infrastructure will provide local inhabitants with efficient transport to markets and trading centres and access to social and welfare services. The project will help reduce poverty in the rural communities it covers. The beneficiaries will be (i) road users, namely bus and truck owners and operators, passengers, and businesses using freight services; (ii) market operators, traders, and market users; and (iii) communities in the areas of influence of subprojects who will have improved access to services and increased employment opportunities. An estimated 3.5 million people will directly benefit from the project. The analysis of subproject roads indicates that the proportion of poor benefiting is 40%-46% for the roads. In addition to the direct and indirect benefits from subprojects, there will be a creation of jobs due to subproject construction. This is estimated at 10,200 person-years, of which at least 2,040 will be for women. The project components have been designed to ensure involvement and benefits for women as well as a reduction of gender inequality. A gender action plan has been prepared integrating action areas, targets and indicators for gender equality and women’s benefits within the various components of the project.

3.2 Need for the project The road network in the coastal districts covered by the project, under present climate conditions, is seriously damaged during extreme climatic events. The maintenance and damage repair requirements of such road sections will increase with climate change and vehicle operating costs will also rise, unless appropriate improvements are undertaken. For many road sections the cross-drainage systems are inadequate under present climate conditions, with poorly maintained canals and drains not having enough hydraulic capacities to efficiently discharge flows to sluice gated outlets through embankments. Poor drainage causes substantial “water-logging” of adjacent land, adversely affecting land-use, and this situation may worsen under climate change. Similarly, for rural markets, maintenance and damage repair requirements, together with spoilage/wastage of perishable goods will also increase with climate change. As demonstrated by recent cyclone events, the present number and capacities of existing cyclone shelters and livestock refuge facilities are inadequate, even under present extreme climatic events. The risks associated with extreme events will increase with climate change. Many existing cyclone shelters also have vulnerable access roads and power supplies, together with inadequate water supply and sanitation facilities, which often are not usable during the emergency conditions.

The rural producers, especially the poor and the small producers, suffer from two sets of constraints that limit their livelihoods: a) poor transport and market infrastructure that limits their access to markets, increases cost of production because of higher input and transportation costs, and lowers commodity price due to remoteness; and b) limited access to demand-driven financial services, especially seasonal agricultural credit and loan for microenterprises, and limited access to good technology and inputs, knowledge and support services such as vaccination services for livestock. Similar rural infrastructure development projects have demonstrated that paved roads and markets improve communication and benefit households’ income through higher farm prices, increased wages, enhanced investment in agri-business and trade, better access to higher quality inputs, support services, credit and reduced cost of production and transport. Access to child education and primary health care also improves due to better transport facilities, especially in wet season. During extreme climatic events the poor lose their assets as well as livelihood options. Often after extreme conditions men tend to migrate leaving the families behind. In the coastal


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areas fisher folk family’s poverty is high and many families are headed by widows and single mothers. Therefore, connectivity and mobility for women is equally important as for men for livelihoods. Climate-resilient infrastructure is a priority for recovery and long-term protection and can facilitate mobility for employment, income and livelihoods.

3.3 Location of the project The Project covers 12 districts of south western Bangladesh. These districts are (i) Satkhira, Khulna, and Bagerhat in Khulna Division, (ii) Barisal, Jhalokathi, Patuakhali, Barguna, Bhola and Perojpur in Barisal Division and (iii) Madaripur, Gopalganj and Shariatpur in Dhaka Division (See Figure 1).

This IEE is performed for nine roads improvement sub-projects and eighteen growth centre/rural market development subprojects situated in Barisal Division. The Barisal Division consists of 6 districts: Barisal, Bhola, Jhalakati, Pirojpur, Patuakhali and Barguna.

3.4 Major components of the project The main outputs of the project are: (1) improved road connectivity; (2) improved market services; and (3) improved climate capacity and protection including increased availability of climate disaster shelters, improved knowledge management and improved facilities of existing climate disaster shelters.

3.5 Road Sub- projects The IEE covers following seven road subprojects, which have been selected for implementation under Phase-2 of the project. Under the road subprojects, all seven roads in Barisal and Khulna region will be upgraded and strengthened with climate resilience for enhancing the transportation of the catchment areas. The objective is to improve connectivity among the markets, growth centres, villages, educational institutes, mosques, medical centres, cyclone shelters and other social places. The roads will improve the transportation facilities for marketing the agricultural and fisheries products and other produces and aims at overall development of livelihood of the local people. The tentative implementation schedule is planned during November, 2015-December, 2017.


[km]

Cost Estimate

[Taka]

EIRR (%)

Feasibility Scori

ng Barisal Region

UZ09 Bhola Lalmohan Lalmohan K. B.-Karter Hat (West Side) 4.46 84,696,150 19.82 84

UZ11 Bhola Bhola-Sadar Banglabazar-Bagmara-Sharif K.-Banker HatRoad

5.26 41,660,000 22.75 86

UZ18 Barguna Taltali Bogir Hat GC-Tatalia GC via Tatalia College 4.23 91,393,000 20.61 87

UZ21 Pirojpur Kawkhali Amrajuri-Keundia-Shahapura ConnectinRoad

1.40 45,171,000 25.16 87

Khulna Region

UZ46 Khulna Paikgacha Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) - Baka GC

2.50 34,543,950 25.96 85


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[km]

Cost Estimate

[Taka]

EIRR (%)

Feasibility Scori

ng

UZ49 Satkhira Sadar Satkhira Baily Bridge-Bangdah GC Road via Ellachar Road

1.80 37,306,500 26.22 84

Total Estimate for Upazilla Roads 19.65

3.5.1 Design and Climate Resilience Aspects The standard cross section that will be used for these nine road sub-projects is shown below.

GL

HFL

GL

HFL

600

200 Adaptive freeboard

600

200

?

NormalFreeboard

5% SLOPE 3% SLOPE 5% SLOPE3% SLOPE

11.5

11.5

150mm COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

150mm COMPACTED MIX AGGREGATE SUBBASE

300mm COMPACTED SAND IMPROVED SUBGRADE LAYER

SUB GRADE PREPARATION

Filter Material Aggregate and Sand Mix

Adaptive freeboard

NormalFreeboard

25mm BITUMINOUS CARPETING WITH 7mm SEAL COAT

125mm BRICK EDGING

SPECIAL TYPE SLOPE PROTECTIONBY SPECIAL GRASS/SURB/HURB

GEOTEXTILE

3700

5500

900Shoulder

900Shoulder

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF CLIIMATE RESILIENT UPAZILA ROAD (AT DRAIN)(CLIMATIC SCENARIO TYPE-C)

Scale: Not to Scale

SPECIAL TYPE SLOPE PROTECTIONBY SPECIAL GRASS/SURB/HURB

COMPACTED EMBANKMENT

150

1400

250950

Printed on Oct 08, 2014

Coastal Climate ResilientInfrastructure Project(CCRIP) Implementing

Agency : LGED

Line Ministry :Ministry of LGRD

Joint Venture of Hifab InternationalAB(Sweden) along withSMEC(Australia),RPMC,Kranti,ACE. Date : September, 2014

Sheet No. : ST - 9 of 11Drg. No. : CCRIP/ BG/ RD-MISC.-001

Government ofPeoples Republic ofBangladesh Drawn by : Mehedi Hasan

Checked by : Md. AftabuzzamanActing Team Leader

Designed by : Azaharul Islam

Project DirectorA. K.M Lutfur Rahman

Rev. No. Date Description

PROJECT : NAME, LOCATION & ROAD ID : CLIENT : CONSULTANTS : DRAWING TITLE :TYPICAL CROSS SECTION

APPROVED BY :Name :Upazila :District :Road ID :

All the proposed roads in Barisal region were developed under WFP in early nineties with taking full consideration of governed HFL.

Therefore, design profile grade line level is close to the existing profile. A minimum embankment raising is needed (0.2m average). As shown in the above drawing the embankment slope will be 1:1.5. Under WFP the crest width was approximately 7.2 meters. As per the new design under CCRIP, the crest width will be 5.3 meters so that this can fit within the existing toe line and to the required slope. The toe line of new embankment accommodated within existing toe line. Further land acquisition is not required. Within toe line there will be no encroachment by the cultivators, therefore compensation for loss of cultivation does not arise.

The Location Overview Map for the proposed roads is shown in Figure 3.1.


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Figure 3.1: Location overview map of nine road subprojects of Barisal Region


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3.5.2 Road Sub-Project - UZ09:

3.5.2.1 Upazila Road – Lalmohan K. B.-Karter Hat (West Side). Lalmohan Upazila, Bhola, Barisal Region

Project Location Maps

Present Condition The proposed road starts from Lalmohan K. B and ended at West Side of Karter Hat . As per LGED road classification this road is Upazila Road having ID No.509542004. It connects Lalmohan upazila head quarter with, Phulbagicha rural market, Karter Hat rural market and the local population with markets, village, schools, madrasha, clinics, post office, shops, fish cultivation pond etc. Total Length of the road is 9.600km of which proposed length for improvement 4.46 km from km 05+140 to km 09+600.

The existing road from km 00+000 to km 01+250 is bituminous paved of width 3.70m, from km 01+250to km 01+856 is bituminous paved of width 3.00m, and from km 01+856 to km 05+140 is also bituminous paved of width 3.70m. Remaining section of road from km05+140 to end of road km09+600 is earthen.

The earthen section of road from km 05+140 to km 09+600 is proposed for improvement. Overall condition of earthen road is damaged/depressed and very bad condition. Therefore this is urgently required to take up improvement works immediately on this section. A number of narrow/damaged existing structures are need for replacement and proposed with new structure. The average width of damaged embankment at top 2.90m and bottom width 3.20m. The existing road level is <600mm above the normal flood level. The general

SUB PROJECT ROAD


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embankment condition is not good due to natural damage for normal rain and each year floods. The side slope and shoulder of existing earthen road also damaged and depressed at several locations. LGED owned sufficient land, therefore no need of land acquisition and re-settlement.

One damaged Iron Bridge is proposed for replacement with a new RCC girder bridge. The existing four no’s narrow and damaged Iron structures/Slab culverts are proposed for replacement with new Box culvert. Provision for nine nos. additional cross culverts are proposed at different locations on the existing gaps and as a replacement of damaged slab culverts.

Structure Inventory

SL No

Chainage Existing Structure

Type

Total Length

(m)

Carriageway

Width(m)

Condition Proposed Structure

Remarks

01 01+250 Iron Bridge 22.00 2.50 Damaged 20m RCC

Bridge To be

Replaced 02 01+350 Culvert 1.50 4.90 Good - Retained

03 02+120 RCC Bridge 30.00 3.70 Good - Retained

04 03+600 Culvert 2.00 5.50 Damaged 2.0mx2.0m Box culvert

To be Replaced

05 04+900 Iron Bridge 10.00 3.70 Damaged 6.0mx4.0m

Box culvert To be

Replaced


To be Replaced

Sub project road: lalmohan k. B.-karter hat (west side). Lalmohan, bhola


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SL No

Chainage Existing Structure

Type

Total Length

(m)

Carriageway

Width(m)


Remarks

07 05+455 - 1.50 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box culvert

New Culvert

08 05+702 - 1.00 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box culvert

New Culvert

09 06+247 Culvert 6.60 4.00 Good - Retained

10 06+490 - 1.00 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box culvert

New Culvert

11 06+957 - 1.50 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box Culvert

New Culvert


To be Replaced

13 07+567 - 1.50 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box Culvert

New Culvert

14 07+786 RCC Bridge 15.00 3.70 Good - Retained

15 08+052 - 1.00 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box Culvert

New Culvert

16 08+611 Culvert 1.00 4.70 Damaged 1.0mx1.0m Box Culvert

New Culvert

17 09+180 - 1.00 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box Culvert

New Culvert

18 09+513 Culvert 2.00 3.70 - 3.0mx3.0m Box Culvert

To be Replaced

Road Side Land Use

SL No

Location Type of land use

Ch.From Ch. To

1 05+000 05+800 L/S: Paddy land, Ditch, Tree garden etc.

R/S: Paddy land, Grave yard etc.

2 05+800 06+600 L/S: Paddy land , Grave yard, School etc. R/S: Paddy land, etc.

3 06+600 07+900 L/S: Homestead, Paddy land, Ditch, etc R/S: Paddy land, Mosque Ditch etc.

4 07+900 08+800 B/S: Homestead, Paddy land, Tree garden, Grave yard etc.

5 08+800 09+600 L/S: Paddy land , Homestead , School etc. R/S: Canal, Ditch, Paddy land, etc.


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Photo Record

Ch 5+178, Damaged Embankment Ch 6+205, Existing Road Embankment

Ch 7+188, Existing Culvert Ch 6+247 Retained Culvert

Ch.7+786 Retained RCC Bridge Ch 8+611, Existing Slab Culvert

Improvement Recommendations

Road Improvement for 4.46 km Includes the Following Components: • Earthworks for widening of embankment and to keep the road profile level uniform.


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• Provide new base course layer, sub base course layer and BC layer. • Provide sub grade drains • Provide Protective works at vulnerable locations. • Provide bus bay, passing places and widening at market/congested places. • Road side canal excavation • Tree planting

Construction of 1 no. New Bridge Includes the Following Components • Excavation and backfill for Sub Structure. • Construction of sub structure includes Pile foundation, Abutments, Piers etc. • Construction of Superstructure includes Girders, Deck Slab, Cross girders etc.

Construction of 4 nos. new Box Culvert and 9 nos. Additional Cross Culverts Includes the Following Components:

• Excavation and backfill for sub structure • Construction of sub bottom slab, barrel wall, deck slab, wheel guard etc

Observation/ Recommendation: The proposed Upazila road runs through growth center, rural markets, village, fish cultivation area and paddy field. After completion of the total length of the road, the livelihood and socio economic condition of the people will improve. This road is used extensively for transporting agricultural produce to and from the local markets and to the upazila/district/capital city and supplying general merchandise to the area. It has also connected many institutes like growth centre, primary schools, rural markets, post office, fish markets, clinics, educational institutions etc.. The proposed road should be considered feasible to invest. As per present condition of the road embankment land acquisition and resettlement work may not be required.

Estimated Cost The summary of civil work and tree plantation including maintenance cost of the Sub-Project is as follows:

The estimates given above are preliminary and may be subject to minor variations on completion of the final design for individual components of the sub project. The above amounts are derived from LGED rates built up to form each component. All costs are tentative estimates.

Item of works Cost as per Conventional Design-

Tk

Additional Cost to meet Climate

Resilient Design-Tk

Cost as per Climate Resilient Design-Tk

Embankment, Road construction: 41,685,090 8,537,910 50,223,000Bridge (1 no.) 14,400,000 1,600,000 16,000,000Culvert (4 no’s) 6,187,500 687,500 6,875,000Palisading 270,000 630,000 900,000Additional cross culvert (9 no.) 0 4,050,000 4,050,000Road side canal excavation 0 1,500,000 1,500,000Tree Plantation 334,500 780,500 1,115,000Contingency 3,143,855 889,295 4,033,150Total of cost 66,020,945 18,675,205 84,696,150

78% 22% 100%


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Traffic Counts

Conclusion The proposed road is an important link for the movement of people as well as transportation of goods between Lalmohan upazila head quarter, Phulbagicha rural market andKarter Hat rural market. After completion of the total length of the road, the volume of the traffic will greatly increase and it will contribute to achieving the broad goals of poverty reduction and expanding opportunities for women. The livelihood and socio economic condition will also improve. It connects many educational institutions, growth centre, union parishad, markets, small industries, health facilities, post office, mosque and other social institutions. The proposed road should be taken up as Sub-Project and is considered feasible to invest.

It should be noted that this Sub-Project was approved through the DPP.


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3.5.2.2 Road Sub-Project - UZ11: Upazila Road – Banglabazar-Bagmara-Sharif K.-Banker Hat Road, Bhola Sadar Upazila


SUB-PROJECT ROAD


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Present Condition The proposed road starts from Bangla Bazar and ended at Banker Hat Road. . As per LGED road classification this road is Upazila Road having ID No.509182011. It connects Bhola upazila Sadar with Bangla Bazar GC, Bagmara , Velumia UP, Sharif K. upto Banker Hat GC and the local population with schools, markets, clinics, shops, sawmills, post office etc.There are three important markets at ch. 01+775, 06+825 and 10+622. Total Length of the road is 16.50km of which proposed length for improvement 5.262km.

The road sections from ch 00+000 to ch. 02+000 is bituminous paved of width 3.66m, road sections from. 02+000 to ch. 04+920 is also bituminous paved of width 5.50m and both section in reasonably good condition. Within the road section from ch. 04+920 to ch 05+360, a 440m long RCC girder bridge is under construction under Greater Barisal Development Project (GBDP), LGED. The road section from ch. 05+360 to ch 10+622 is bituminous paved of width 3.00m. Remaining road section from ch 10+622 to 16+500 is bituminous paved of width 6.00m in reasonably good condition.

The 2nd Phase SAR had recommended the improvement of 2km of road, however only 2 bridges at ch05+717, ch06+801 and two culverts at ch07+558 and ch10+048 were included for construction in the 2nd Phase of CCRIP. Now, for the 3rd Phase, the narrow

Sub Project Road: Bangla Bazar – Bagmara – Sharif K. – Banker Hat Road, Bhola


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paved road section from ch.05+360 to ch 10+622 is proposed for improvement. The width of existing pavement 3.00m only which is less than upazila standard of LGED. The surface and edge of existing pavement has been damaged in different sections. Therefore this section is proposed for widening of pavement up to width of 3.70m to meet CCRIP standard for upazila road. The existing pavement also proposed for repair and overlay with 25mm bituminous WC+ 7mm seal coat.

The existing shoulder and slope of road section from ch. 05+360 to ch 10+622 is damaged and depressed at several locations. The road level is <600mm above the normal flood level. The general embankment condition is not good due to natural damage for normal rain and each year floods.

One 440m long bridge at km 04+920 is under construction by Greater Barisal Development Project of LGED and another 36m long bridge at km 8+874 is also under construction by Barisal Divisional Rural Infrastructure Development Project (BDRIDP) of LGED. The construction of

The 2nd Phase SAR had recommended the improvement of 2km of road, however only 2 bridges at ch05+717, ch06+801 and two culverts at ch07+558, ch10+048 were included for construction in the 2nd phase of CCRIP.

Structure Inventory

SL No

Chainage km

Existing Structure

Type

Total Length

(m)

Carriage way

Width (m)


Remarks

01 01+050 PC 0.60 6.10 Good - Retain

02 01+710 RCC Girder Br. 47.30 3.00 Good - Retain

03 02+610 Slab CV 2.55 4.20 Good - Retain 04 03+690 BC 2.00 11.00 Good - Retain 05 04+680 BC 3.40 6.10 Good - Retain

06 04+920 - - -

- - 440m Bridge construction in progress by GBDP,LGED

07 05+717 BC 9.00 4.25 Damaged 10m RCC Girder Bridge.

Replacement already added in the 2nd phase package, CCRIP

08 05+938 BC 2.00 3.00 Good - Retain

09 06+499 RCC Girder Br. 30.00 3.35 Good - Retain

10 06+801 RCC/ Iron Support Bridge

18.00 1.83 Fair 20m RCC Girder Bridge.


11 07+033 BC 1.50 3.66 Good - Retain

12 07+112 BC 1.50 3.66 Good - Retain

13 07+218 BC 2.00 4.26 Good - Retain 14 07+558 BC 2.50 3.00 Damaged 3mx3m Replacement


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SL No

Chainage km

Existing Structure

Type

Total Length

(m)

Carriage way

Width (m)


Remarks

RCC Box Culvert

already added in the 2nd phase package, CCRIP

15 08+181 BC 2.50 3.35 Good - Retain

16 08+744 RCC/ Iron Support. Bridge

36.00 2.44 - - New Bridge construction in progress by BDRIDP,LGED

17 08+965 BC 2.00 4.25 Good - Retain 18 09+434 BC 2.00 4.25 Good - Retain 19 10+048 BC 1.50 4.25 Damaged 1mx1m

RCC Box Culvert


20 10+493 BC 5.50 4.25 Good Retain

Road Side Land Use

SLNo

Location Type of land use Ch. From Ch. To

1 05+200 05+700 L/S: Paddy land ,Scattered homestead, Ditch etc.

R/S: Home stead, Paddy land, Pond etc

2 05+700 06+500 L/S: Paddy land, Mosque, Ditch etc

R/S: Paddy land few Home stead, Pond etc

3 06+500 07+300 L/S: Market, Homestead, Shops, Mosque, Ditch etc R/S: Market ,Home stead, Pond etc

4 07+300 07+900 L/S: Paddy land ,Scattered homestead, Ditch etc. R/S: Paddy land, Pond etc

5 07+900 09+000 L/S: Paddy land ,Scattered homestead, Pond etc. R/S: Paddy land, Ditch, etc

6 09+000 09+900 L/S: Paddy land ,Scattered homestead, Pond etc R/S: Paddy land ,Home stead, Tree garden etc

7 09+900 10+700 L/S: Market, Homestead, Shops, Mosque, Ditch etc R/S: Market ,Home stead, Pond etc


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Photo Record

Existing Road and culvert at CH.05+517 Bridge to be replaced CH 06+801

Damaged road CH 07+558

Existing Bridge Ch 08+744

Damaged Embankment Ch 09+820 Damaged Shoulder Ch 10+233


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Road improvement for 5.262 km Includes the Following Components: • Earthworks for widening of embankment and to keep the road profile level uniform. • Provide new base course layer, sub base course layer and BC layer for pavement

widening • Provide Repair and Overlay on existing pavement. • Provide sub grade drains • Provide Protective works at vulnerable locations. • Provide bus bay, passing places and widening at market/congested places. • Road side canal excavation • Tree planting

Construction of 4 nos. new box culvert Includes the Following Components: • Excavation and backfill for sub structure • Construction of sub bottom slab, barrel wall, deck slab, wheel guard etc

Observation/ Recommendation: The proposed Upazila road connects connects two important Growth Centre’s, Union parishad with Bhola District Head Quarter and runs through village, markets, fish cultivation pond and paddy land. After completion of the total length of the road, the livelihood and socio economic condition of the people will improve. The road is used extensively for transporting agricultural produce to and from the local markets and to the Upazila/District/ capital city and supplying general merchandise to the area It has also connected many institutes like growth centre, schools, markets, fish markets etc.. The proposed road should be considered feasible to invest. As per present condition of the road embankment land acquisition and resettlement work are not required.



Item of works Cost as per Conventional Design-

Tk


Resilient Design-Tk

Cost as per Climate Resilient Design-Tk

Embankment, Road construction: 30,566,000 5,394,000 35,960,000Palisading 270,000 630,000 900,000Roadside Canal Excavation 0 1,500,000 1,500,000Tree Plantation 395,000 921,000 1,316,000Contingency 1,562,000 422,000 1,984,000Total of cost 32,793,000 8,867,000 41,660,000

79% 21% 100%


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Traffic Counts

Conclusion The proposed road is an important link for the movement of people as well as transportation of goods Bangla Bazar GC, Bagmara Bazar, Sharif Khar bazaar, Banker Hat GC. After completion of the total length of the road, the volume of the traffic size will greatly increase and it will contribute for achieving the broad goals in poverty reduction and expanding opportunities for women. The livelihood and socio economic condition will also improve. It has also connected many educational institutions, growth centre/ markets, small industries, sawmills, health facilities, post office and other social institutions. The proposed road is considered feasible to invest.



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3.5.2.3 Road Sub-Project - UZ18: Bogir Hat GC-Taltali GC via Taltali College,Taltali Upazila


SUB PROJECT ROAD


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Present Condition The proposed road starts from Bogirhat GC and ended at Taltali Upazila HQ. As per LGED road classification this road is Upazila Road having ID No.504092004. It connects Taltali Upazila HQ with Bogirhat GC, Chottobagi, Borobagi UP and the local population with markets, village, schools, College, clinics, shops, post office etc. Total Length of the road is 9.00km of which proposed length for improvement is 4.230km from km 02+200 to km 06+430

The existing road section from km. 0+000 to km. 02+200 is bituminous paved of width 3.66m, from km 02+200 to km 06+430 is earthen of average width 5.50m, from km. 06+430 to km.08+100 BC paved of width 3.66m from km.08+100 to km.09+000 HBB paved.

The earthen road section from km 02+200 to km 06+430 is damaged and depressed. Traffic movement seriously interrupted specially during the rainy season. To keep traffic movement of entire locality it is urgent to improve this section to a standard of LGED upazila road.

The remaining road paved with BC and HBB is reasonably in good condition. The average width of existing embankment is 5.50m to 6.50m. The existing road level is <600mm above the normal flood level. The general embankment condition is not good due to natural damage for normal rain and each year floods. The LGED owned sufficient land for improvement work therefore, further land acquisition is not required. Two narrow Iron bridges proposed for replacement. Three box culverts and three U-drains are also proposed for construction to provide adequate drainage facilities.

Project Road:Bogir Hat Gc-Tatali GC via Tatali College, TaltaliUpazila, Barguna Barisal District


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Structure Inventory

SL No

Chainage

Structure Type

Total Length(m)

Carriage-way Width-m

Condition Proposal

Remarks

01 00+400 Box Culvert - -- --


Girder Bridge New Bridge


Girder Bridge New Bridge

04 03+173 Gap - - - 4mx4m

Box Culvert New culvert

05 04+440 Gap - - - 4mx4m


06 04+823 Box Culvert 1.60 5.7 -

4mx4m Box Culvert

New culvert

07 05+725 - - - - 1mx1m


08 06+428 Gap 1.30 6.90 - 1.5mx1.5m Box Culvert

New culvert

Road Side Land Use

SL No

Location Type of land use Ch.From Ch. To

1 02+200 03+400 L/S: Paddy land R/ S: Paddy land, few Homestead etc

2 03+400 04+000 L/ S: Paddy land, Tree Garden R/ S: Paddy land, Ditch etc.

3 04+000 04+800 B /S: Paddy land ,Pond etc

4 04+800 05+500 L /S: Paddy land ,few homestead, Tree garden etc R/S: Paddy land, Ditch

5 05+500 06+400 L /S: Paddy land ,Pond, Tree garden etc R/S: Paddy land

6 06+400 07+100 L /S: Paddy land ,Ditch, etc. R/S: Paddy land, Tree garden etc


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Photo Record

Damaged Bridge at km 0+700 Damaged earth surface CH.2+400

Damaged Bridge Approach CH.2+500 Damaged Bridge at km 2+500

Earthen Road CH.4+500 Earthen Road CH.6+400


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Road Improvement 4.23 km Includes the Following Components: • Earthworks for widening of embankment and to keep the road profile level uniform. • Provide new base course layer, sub base course layer and BC. • Provide sub grade drains • Provide Protective works at vulnerable locations. • Provide bus bay, passing places and widening at market/congested places. • Road side canal excavation • Tree planting

Construction of 2 nos. New Bridges Includes the Following Components: • Excavation and backfill for sub structure • Construction of sub structure includes Pile foundation, Abutments, Piers etc. • Construction of Superstructure includes Girders, Deck Slab, Cross girders etc.

Construction of 5 nos. New Culverts Includes the Following Components: • Excavation and backfill for sub structure • Construction of sub bottom slab, barrel wall, deck slab, wheel guard etc

Observation/ Recommendation: The proposed Upazila road runs through growth centers, markets, village, fish pond and paddy land. After completion of the total length of the road, the livelihood and socio economic condition of the people will improve. This road is used extensively for transporting agricultural produce to and from the local markets and to the upazila/district/capital city and supplying general merchandise to the area. It has also connected many institutes like growth centre, primary schools, college, madrasa, rural markets, clinics, post office etc. The proposed road should be considered feasible to invest. As per present condition of the road embankment land acquisition and resettlement work are not required.


The estimates given above are preliminary and may be subject to minor variations on completion of the final design for individual components of the sub project. The above

Item of works Cost as per Conventional

Design-Tk


Resilient Design-

Cost as per Climate Resilient

Design-TkEmbankment, Road constructio 39,535,000 8,098,000 47,633,000Bridge (2 No) 25,200,000 2,800,000 28,000,000Box Culverts (5 No) 6,750,000 750,000 7,500,000

Palisading 405,000 945,000 1,350,000Roadside Canal Excavation 0 1,500,000 1,500,000

Tree Plantation 317,000 741,000 1,058,000Contingency 3,610,000 742,000 4,352,000Total of costs 75,817,000 15,576,000 91,393,000

83% 17% 100%

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amounttentativ

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IEEary 2016

28

ement of ny other

me of the poverty

conomic growth

nd other


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3.5.2.4 Road Sub-Project - UZ21: Upazila Road – Amrajuri - Keundia - Shahapura Connecting Road. Kawkhali Upazila, Pirojpur, Barisal Region


SUB-PROJECT ROAD


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Present Condition The proposed road starts at Amrajuri UP and ended at Shahapura Connecting Road. As per LGED road classification this road is Upazila Road having ID No.579472006. It connects Amrajuri Union Parishad, Keundia rural market, Shahapura market and the local population with markets, village, schools, clinics, post office, shops etc. Total Length of the road is 3.500km of which proposed length for improvement 1.40 km from km 02+100 to km 03+500.

The existing road from km 00+000 to km 01+100 is bituminous paved, from km 01+100 to km 02+100 is WBM paved of width 3.00m and from km 02+100 to km 03+500 is earthen.

The earthen section of road from km 02+100 to km 03+500 is proposed for improvement. Overall condition of earthen road is bad and there exist a number of gaps where new structures are required to be provided. The average top width of embankment 4.00m and bottom width 5.55m. The existing road level is <600mm above the normal flood level. The general embankment condition is not good due to natural damage for normal rain and each year floods. The side slope and shoulder of existing earthen road also damaged and depressed. LGED owned sufficient land, therefore no need of land acquisition and re-settlement.

One Iron Bridge proposed for replacement with a new RCC girder bridge. The existing Nine no’s narrow and damaged Iron structures/Slab culverts are proposed for replacement. Four additional culverts are provided at Gaps and as a replacement of damaged Pipe culverts.

SUB PROJECT ROAD:Amrajuri - Keundia - Shahapura Connecting Road, Kawkhali Pirojpur Barisal Region


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Structure Inventory

SL No Chainage

Existing Structure

Type

Total Length(m)

Carriageway

Width(m)Condition Proposed

Structure Remarks

01 00+125 Pipe Culvert 1.00 6.00 Good - Retain

02 00+179 Pipe Culvert 1.00 6.00 Damaged U-Drain Replace

03 00+286 Exist. Gap 1.00 - - U-Drain Replace



06 00+718 Slab Culvert 2.50 5.50 Good - Retain

07 01+198 BC 2.00 4.50 Good - Retain

08 01+242 Slab Culvert 3.00 4.50 Good - Retain

09 01+580 PC 1.00 5.00 Good - Retain

10 01+751 Slab Culvert 4.00 3.00 Damaged 2.5mx2.5m

Box Culvert Replace

11 01+801 Slab Culvert 3.00 3.00 Damaged 2.0mx2.0m

Box Culvert Replace

12 02+100 Box Culvert 10.00 3.60 Good - Retain

13 02+290 Iron Bridge 5.40 1.80 Damaged 3.0mx3.0m Box Culvert Replace

14 02+450 Iron Bridge 15.00 1.80 Damaged 15m RCC Girder Bridge Replace

15 02+557 Exist. Gap 2.00 - - 1.0mx1.0m Box Culvert

New Culvert




New Culvert


New Culvert






New Culvert


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Road Side Land Use

SL No


1 02+000 02+800 L/s: Homestead, Paddy land, Ditch, Grave yard etc. R/s: Canal, Paddy land, Graveyard etc.

2 02+800 03+100 L/s: Paddy land , Grave yard, School etc. R/s: Canal, Ditch, Paddy land, etc.

3 03+100 03+500 L/s: Homestead, Paddy land, Ditch, etc R/s: Canal, Ditch etc.

Photo Record

Ch 2+100, Damaged Embankment at Start Point

Ch 3+084, Narrow Damaged Bridge

Ch 2+940, Existing Earthen Road Ch 3+500, Existing Road, End Point


Road improvement for 1.4 km Includes the Following Components: • Earthworks for widening of embankment and to keep the road profile level uniform. • Provide new base course layer, sub base course layer and BC layer. • Provide sub grade drains • Provide Protective works at vulnerable locations.


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• Provide bus bay, passing places and widening at market/congested places. • Road side canal excavation • Tree planting

Construction of 1no. New Bridges Includes the Following Components: • Excavation and backfill for sub structure • Construction of sub structure includes Pile foundation, Abutments, Piers etc. • Construction of Superstructure includes Girders, Deck Slab, Cross girders etc.

Construction of 9 Nos. New Box Culvers and 4 Nos.Additional Cross Culverts Includes the Following Components:


Observation/ Recommendation: The proposed Upazila road runs through growth center, rural markets, village, fish cultivation pond and paddy land. After completion of the total length of the road, the livelihood and socio economic condition of the people will improve. This road is used extensively for transporting agricultural produce to and from the local markets and to the upazila/district/capital city and supplying general merchandise to the area. It has also connected many institutes like growth centre, primary schools, rural markets, post office, fish markets etcThe proposed road should be considered feasible to invest. As per present condition of the road embankment land acquisition and resettlement work may not be required.




Design-Tk


Resilient Design-


Design-TkEmbankment, Road Construction: 13,089,100 2,680,900 15,770,000Bridge Construction (1 No) 10,800,000 1,200,000 12,000,000Culverts (9 Nos) 9,450,000 1,050,000 10,500,000Palisading 270,000 630,000 900,000Additional cross Culverts (4 Nos) 0 1,800,000 1,800,000U Drain(2 No’s) 100,000 100,000 200,000Canal digging 0 1,500,000 1,500,000Tree Plantation 105,000 245,000 350,000Contingency 1,690,705 460,295 2,151,000Total of costs 35,504,805 9,666,195 45,171,000

79% 21% 100%


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Traffic Counts

Conclusion The proposed road is an important link for the movement of people as well as transportation of goods between Amrajuri UP, Keundia rural market, Shahapura rural market. After completion of the total length of the road, the volume of the traffic size will greatly increase and it will contribute for achieving the broad goals in poverty reduction and expanding opportunities for women. The livelihood and socio economic condition will also improve. It has also connected many educational institutions, growth centre, union parishad, rural markets, small industries, health facilities, post office, mosque and other social institutions. The proposed road is considered feasible to invest.



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3.5.2.5 Road Sub-Project - UZ46: Upazila Road - Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) - Baka GC, Paikgacha Upazila, Khulna, Khulna Region


SUB-PROJECT ROAD


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Present Condition The proposed road starts at Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) and ends at Baka GC of Paikgacha Sadar Upazila. As per LGED road classification this road is Upazila Road having ID No.247642003. It connects Paikgacha upazila head quarter with Sastitala Rural market, Baka hat GC etc and provide connection for entire population to schools, madrasa, markets, UP head quarter, fish cultivation area, small industries, clinics, shops, sawmills, mosque, temple, etc. Total Length of the road is 6.15 km of which 2.495 km length from ch2+330 to ch4+825 is proposed for improvement.

The Existing road from ch0+000 to ch1+670 is bituminous paved in reasonably good condition, The road section from ch2+330 to ch4+825 is HBB paved of width 3.00m is proposed for improvement to BC road. The Existing road from ch4+825 to ch6+150 is bituminous paved in reasonably good condition.

One 9 span bridge of length 315m is under construction over river Kobadak within road section ch1+670 to ch1+985. To-date progress status noted as sub structure complete, super structure in progress. Construction of approach road up to ch2+330 is included in the bridge contract. The traffic volume of this road will increase rapidly when construction of this bridge is completed.

The proposed HBB paved road section from ch2+330 to ch4+825 is narrow/ damaged and often creating serious problem for traffic movement. It is expected that this problem will

SUB PROJECT ROAD:

Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) - Baka GC, Paikgacha U il Kh l R i


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highly increase when construction of the bridge is completed. The existing road level of this section is <600mm above the Normal Flood Level. Therefore this section is proposed for improvement by construction of new BC pavement of width 3.70m. The general embankment condition is not good due to natural damage for normal rain and each year flooding. Both side slopes has been eroded and damaged by each year normal flooding.

Two box culverts are provided to balance both side flood water level and Five U-shaped drains are proposed for construction to meet drainage/irrigation purpose.

Structure Inventory

SL No

Chainage Existing Structure Type

Total length (m)

Carriageway width (m)


Remarks

1 01+200 U - Drain 0.625 5.00 Poor 1mX1m

Box Culvert To be

Replaced

2 03+420 U - Drain 1.50m 4.00 Poor 1.5mX1.5m Box Culvert

To be Replaced

3 04+450 Open

Foundation Culvert

4.0m 3.3m Good - To be Retained

4 Provision is kept additional 5 no’s U-drain at different location of the road as per site requirements to meet drainage/irrigation purpose.

Road Side Land Use

SL No


1 02+300 02+770 L/S:: Paddy land, Fish hatcheries, Boundary wall etc. R/ S: BADC Agro firm, Fish hatcheries, Homestead etc

2 02+770 03+000 L/ S: Homestead, paddy land, Play ground, Madrasa.etc

R/ S: Paddy land, few Homestead etc.

3 03+000 03+900 B /S: Paddy land, play ground, homestead, Pond, Grave yard.

4 03+900 04+600 L/S:: Paddy land, Pond, Ditches, Boundary wall etc. R/ S: Paddy land, family Planning clinic, Homestead etc

5 04+600 05+000 B/S:: Paddy land, Fish pond Tree garden etc.


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Photo Record

CH. 2+330 CH.2+580

CH.3+420 CH. 1+900 - 315m Bridge under construction

CH.4+200 CH.3+800


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Road improvement 2.495km Includes the Following Components: • Earthworks for widening of embankment and to keep the road profile level uniform. • Provide new base course layer, sub base course layer and BC layer • Provide sub grade drains • Provide Protective works at vulnerable locations. • Provide bus bay, passing places and widening at market/congested places. • Road side canal excavation • Tree planting

Construction of 2 nos. New Box Culverts and 5 nos. U-Drains Includes the Following Components:


Observation/ Recommendation: The proposed Upazila road connects UP cum Growth Centre’s, one rural market and runs through village, small market, fish cultivation area, education institutions, health clinics and paddy land etc. The traffic volume of this road will go up rapidly when the bridge and improvement of total length of the road is completed. The livelihood and socio economic condition of the people will greatly improve. The road is used extensively for transporting agricultural produce to and from the local markets and to the Upazila/District/Capital city and supplying general merchandise to the area. It has also connected many institutions, growth centre, schools, college, madrasa, markets, clinics, post office, business centers etc.. The proposed road should be considered feasible to invest. As per present condition of the road embankment land acquisition and resettlement work may not be required.

Estimated Cost The summary of civil work and tree plantation including maintenance cost of the Sub-Project is as follows: Item of works Cost as per

Conventional Design-Tk

Additional Cost to meet Climate Resilient Design-

Tk


Design-Tk

Embankment, Road Construction: 23,323,000 4,777,000 28,100,000Culvert (1 No) 742,500 82,500 825,000U-Drain (5Nos.) 250,000 250,000 500,000Additional Cross Culvert(1No) 0 450,000 450,000Palisading 270,000 630,000 900,000Road Side Canal Excavation 0 1,500,000 1,500,000Tree Plantation 187,200 436,800 624,000Contingency 1,238,635 406,315 1,644,950Total of costs 26,011,335 8,532,615 34,543,950

75% 25% 100%



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amounts are derived from LGED rates built up to form each component. All costs are tentative estimates.

Traffic Counts

Conclusion The proposed road is an important link for the movement of people as well as transportation of goods between Sastitala Rural market, Baka hat GC. After improvement of proposed section of road, the volume of the traffic size will greatly increase on entire road and it will contribute for achieving the broad goals of the sub-project in poverty reduction and expanding opportunities for women. The livelihood and socio economic condition will also improve. It has also connected many educational institutions, growth centre/ markets, sawmills, small industries, fish cultivation area, health Clinics, post office and other social institutions. The proposed road is considered feasible to invest.



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3.5.2.6 Road Sub-Project - UZ49: Satkhira Bailey Bridge-Bangdah GC Road via Ellachar Road, Satkhira Sadar upazila, Satkhira, Khulna Region


SUB-PROJECT ROAD


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Present Condition The proposed road starts at Satkhira Bailey Bridge and ends at Bangdah GC Road of Satkhira Sadar Upazila. As per LGED road classification this road is Upazila Road having ID No.287822002. It connects Satkhira District Headquarter with Chattatala Rural market, Vatkakhali hat Rural market, Fingri GC, Bangdha hat UP & GC. This road provide connection for entire population to schools, college madrasa, markets, UP head quarter, fish cultivation area, small industries, clinics, shops, sawmills, mosque, temple, etc. Total Length of the road is 13.85 km of which 3.00 km length from ch3+100 to ch6+100 is proposed for improvement.

The Existing road from ch0+000 to ch3+100 is bituminous paved in reasonably good condition. The owner of this section of road is Satkhira Municipality. The remaining section of road from ch3+100 to ch13+850 is LGED owned. The existing road section from ch3+100 to ch4+900 was bituminous paved of width 3.00m.But the surface of this road section is severely damaged , depressed, undulating and creating extreme problem for traffic movement. The existing road level of this section is 500mm below the Normal Flood Level. As a result, this road section is inundated in each year flood. Therefore this section is proposed for improvement by construction of new BC pavement of width 3.70m including raising of embankment by a height in average 800mm. The road section from ch4+900 to ch6+100 is bituminous paved of width 3.70m having some pothole, cracks and depressions on the surface. The road level of this section is above the Normal Flood Level. Therefore this section is proposed for maintenance by providing 150mm base course followed by 25mm

SUB PROJECT ROAD:Satkhira Bailey Bridge-Bangdah GC Road i Ell h R d


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overlay with 7mm seal coat. The remaining road section from ch6+100 to ch13+850 is already bituminous paved of 3.70m width and in reasonably good condition. The general embankment condition is not good due to natural damage for normal rain and each year flooding. Both side slopes has been eroded and damaged by each year normal flooding.

Two box culverts and two U shaped drains are proposed for construction to balance both side flood water level.

Structure Inventory

SL No

Chainage Existing Structure Type

Total length (m)

Carriageway width (m)


Remarks

1 01+801 U - Drain Good To be Retained

2 01+887 Box culvert 3.0m 3.0m Good To be Retained

3 03+700 - - - - U - Drain New structure

4 04+000 - - - - U - Drain New structure

5 04+700 - - - - 1.5mx1.5m Box culvert

New structure

6 06+000 - - - - 2.0mx2.0m Box culvert

New structure

Road Side Land Use

Location Type of land use Ch.from Ch.to 0+000 2+000 B/S: Market, Shops, Homestead, Ditch etc. 2+000 3+100 B/S: Homestead, shops, Pond 3+100 3+700 L/S:Few Homestead, Lowland, Paddy field

R/S: Mango trees garden, Lowland, Paddy field 3+700 3+900 B/S: Market, Shops 3+900 4+400 B/S: Fish cultivation pond, Paddy land.

4+400 4+900 L/S: Fish cultivation pond , Brick field

R/S: Fish cultivation pond, Boundary wall, homestead 4+900 5+200 L/S: Paddy land, Homestead

R/S: Small market, Paddy land 5+200 6+000 B/S: Homestead, Paddy land ,Firm land etc. 6+000 6+100 L/S: Low land, Ditch

R/S: Homestead


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Photo Record

CH. 3+550 CH.4+500

CH.3+600 CH. 3+800

CH.4+200 CH.6+000


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Road improvement 1.8 km and Road Maintenance 1.2 km Includes the Following Components:

• Earthworks for widening of embankment and to keep the road profile level uniform. • Provide new base course layer, sub base course layer and BC layer • Repairs damaged sections and provide a base course layer and BC layer on existing

road • Provide sub grade drains • Provide Protective works at vulnerable locations. • Provide bus bay, passing places and widening at market/congested places. • Road side canal excavation • Tree planting

Construction of 2 nos. New Box Culverts and 1 additional Cross Culvert Includes the Following Components:


Observation/ Recommendation: The proposed Upazila road connects UP cum Growth Centre’s, three Rural market and runs through village, market, fish cultivation area, education institutions, health clinics and paddy land etc. After completion of the total length of the road, the livelihood and socio economic condition of the people will improve. The road is used extensively for transporting agricultural produce to and from the local markets and to the Upazila/District/ capital city and supplying general merchandise to the area. It has also connected many institutions, growth centre, schools, college, madrasa, markets, clinics, post office, business centers etc. The proposed road is considered feasible to invest. As per present condition of the road embankment land acquisition and resettlement work may not be required.




Design-Tk


Resilient Design-


Design-Tk

Embankment, Road construction: 24,655,000 5,050,000 29,705,000

Culvert (2 Nos) 1,732,000 193,000 1,925,000

U-Drain (2 Nos) 100,000 100,000 200,000

Additional cross culvert(1No) 0 450,000 450,000

Palisading 300,000 700,000 1,000,000

Road side canal excavation 0 1,500,000 1,500,000

Tree Plantation 225,000 525,000 750,000

Contingency 1,350,600 425,900 1,776,500Total of costs 28,362,600 8,943,900 37,306,500

76% 24% 100%


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amounts are derived from LGED rates built up to form each component. All costs are tentative estimates.

Traffic Counts

Conclusion The proposed road is an important link for the movement of people as well as transportation of goods betweenChattatala Rural market, Vatkakhali hat Rural market, Fingri UP cum Rural market, Bangdha hat UP & GC. After improvement of proposed section of road, the volume of the traffic size will greatly increase on entire road and it will contribute for achieving the broad goals of the sub-project in poverty reduction and expanding opportunities for women. The livelihood and socio economic condition will also improve. It has also connected many educational institutions, growth centre/ markets, sawmills, small industries, fish cultivation area, health Clinics, post office and other social institutions. The proposed road is considered feasible to invest.It should be noted that this Sub-Project was approved through the DPP.

47

PHASE – 3

MARKETS PROGRAM


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3.5.3 THIRD YEAR PHASE MARKETS PROGRAM This Chapter provides information concerning the third year phase rural market projects in the Project Region. There are 7 market sub-projects included in the third year phase as indicated below:

Sl. No. District Upazila Name of Rural Market

Cost Estimate in Taka

EIRR (%)

Feasibility Scoring

Barisal Region

LRM13 Bhola Charfassion DhalChar Bazar 5,968,233 24 86

LRM17 Patuakhali Patuakhali Sadar

Khaser Hat Bazar 5,654,283 26 86

Madaripur Region

LRM 40 Madaripur Rajoir Ishibpur Bazar 5,968,233 31 84

LRM 42 Madaripur Shibchar Shurar Hat Bazar 5,654,283 21 84

LRM49 Gopalganj Kotalipara Naya Kandi Bazar 6,028,608 21 88

Khulna Region

LRM 54 Khulna Dacope Kalinagar Bazar 5,654,283 24 84

LRM 61 Satkhira Assasuni Khazra Bazar 5,654,283 22 86

Total Estimate for Large Rural Markets 40,582,206 Taka

LGED categorises the Markets depending on the size as Large Growth Centres, Growth Centres, Large Rural Markets, Medium Village Markets and Small Village Markets.

Design and Climate Resilience Aspects All market sheds will have RCC roof instead of conventional corrugated sheet roofing. RCC roofing will be less susceptible to the saline conditions in comparison to corrugated roofing. Further corrugated sheets can easily get blown loose at high wind speeds and cause harm to the people. These accidents could prove to be fatal and may result in casualties. The clear cover of reinforcements in RCC has been increased to safeguard the steel against potential corrosion due to saline conditions. All Markets will be constructed on Climate resilient plinths.


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Tentative Time Schedule for Markets

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr MayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr MayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Preparation of Sub-Project

Submission to ADB & their Concurrence

Topo and Material Surveys

Detail Design & Preparation of Tender Documents of Sub-Project

Bidding, Evaluation & Award

Implementation

2015 2016 2017


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Location Overview Maps


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3.5.3.1 Market Sub-Project - LRM13: DhalChar Bazar, Upazila – Charfassion – District – Bhola, Barisal Region

Project Location Map

Present Condition LRM 13 – Dhal Char Bazar, Upazila – Charfassion – District – Bhola falls under the Large Rural Market category is situated in Dhal Char union of Charfassion upazila under Bhola


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district. The market is connected on one side by Charfassionshahar and on another side by the Bay of Bengal. The market is fully isolated from main land of Charfassion Upazila. The total land of market is approximately 112 decimal land out of which 112 decimal is khas (govt.) land. It is a large rural market with rural character.

Total number of permanent shops is 157 including 7 semi-pucca and 150 kutcha shops. The hat sits two times on Sunday and Wednesday. The number of non-permanent traders is about 40.

Principal mode of transportation is launch and trawler. Local boats also play a vital role for communication. In road communication motor bike and van are other principal mode of transportation.

The catchment area covers 1 upazila namely Charfassion and also 5 unions namely Char Manika, Nazrulnagar, Jahanpur, Dhal Char& Rasulpur, and 45 villages serving about 10,000 people. Important 5 GCM/ Markets are connected by water way with this hat. These are Kukrimukri Hat, Char Kachapia, Dakshin Char Aic, Atkapat Sluice bazar& Jalil Beparir Hat.

There are 02 schools, 03 clinic, 01 religious institution like mosque and 04 NGO’s office in and around the market. The hat deals with sea fish, water melon, paddy, coconut, betel nut, vegetables, fish etc. as principal commodity. In rainy season huge amount of fish is gathered in the market on hat days. The average hat day turnover is Tk. 5,000,000/- and yearly Lease Value (Last Year) was Tk. 40,000/-.

Internal roads are mainly earthen and BFS which is very poor condition found. Source of drinking water is deep tube-well. As a result, the hat becomes unusable especially during rainy season. Stalls are in kutcha structures and in ruins. Boat landing facility, drainage network, internal roads, multipurpose sheds, fish shed, toilets, deep tube well is the priority needs for this market.

Photo Record

Internal road without drainage Poor condition of internal road in the market


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Key Requests from Stakeholder Stakeholders of the market have requested to provide the following facilities in the upcoming development work:

Internal road Drainage network Boat landing stations Multipurpose sheds Fish sheds Open Sales Platform MMC office Toilets Two Deep Tube wells Garbage Pits

Recommendations Based on the prevailing physical condition and the local demands and expectations revealed in the Participatory Meetings, following market components are recommended for improvement: :

Internal Roads Drainage network Multipurpose Sheds Fish sheds Open sales platform Deep Tube Wells Toilets Garbage Pits

Proposed land for Market Shed Government Land (Kash)


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Estimated Cost

Item Description Unit Unit Rate Quantity Conventional Design

Additional for

resilient measure

Total Cost

Internal Road RCC - 3.05m x 150 m m 3,700 460 1,276,500 425,500 1,702,000

Internal Drainage Network 100 m long m 1,800 100 135,000 45,000 180,000 Multipurpose Shed (9m x 6m) - RCC Roof No 1,056,610 1 792,458 264,153 1,056,610

Multipurpose Shed Fish 9m x 6m - RCC Roof No 1,179,194 1 884,396 294,799 1,179,194

Open Sales Platform CC - (12m x 6m) 2 nos

sqm 3,700 144 399,600 133,200 532,800

Deep Tube Wells depth 300m No 110,000 1 82,500 27,500 110,000

Toilets for Men & Women (5.75m x 3m) No 898,427 1 673,820 224,607 898,427

Garbage Pits (1.22m x 1.22m) No 25,000 1 18,750 6,250 25,000

Sub - Total 4,263,023 1,421,008 5,684,031

Contingencies and inflation 5% 284,202

TOTAL 5,968,233

NOTE:

The above rates are derived from LGED rates built up to form each market component. All costs are tentative estimates.

Conclusion The recommendations above are as per priority demand of the stakeholders. Being the presence of sufficient khas land available within and adjoining the market boundary, improvement and upgrading is possible with no constraints. It is expected these proposals along with those of the Master Plan under preparation will address the present problems remarkably and play a positive role in future for the betterment and properly functioning of the market. Through revenue earning both govt. and private sector will be benefitted and eventually it will add enhancement of economic situation of the area at large. The investment is justifiable and practically viable.


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3.5.3.2 Market Sub-Project - Sub-Project - LRM17: Khaser Hat, Upazila – Patuakhali Sadar, District – Patuakhali


Present Condition LRM17 – Khaserhat Bazar, Upazila – Sadar – District – Patuakhali falls under the Large Rural Market category is situated in Morichbunia union of Sadar upazila under Patuakhali


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district. The market is connected on one side by Amtalishahar and on another side is Galachipa Shahar. The total land of market is approximately 195 decimal land out of which 195 decimal is khas (govt.) land. It is a large rural market with rural character.

Total number of permanent shops is 85 including 10 semi-pucca and 75 Kutcha shops. The hat sits one times on Sunday. The number of non-permanent traders is about 250.

Principal mode of transportation is launch and trawler. Local boats also play a vital role for communication. In road communication tempu, motor bike and van are other principal mode of transportation.

The catchment area covers 3 upazila namely Sadar, Galachipa and Amtali under Barguna District and also 4 unions namely Auliapur, Gulisakhali, Atharagasia and Morichbunia and 15 villages serving about 10,000 people. Important 7 GCM/ Markets are connected with this hat. These are Shechhashebok Hat, Mahammadpur Bazar, Ali Azimer Hat, Hazir Hat, Kalagachia Hat, Chatua Sluijer Hat& Kuralia Bazar.

The hat deals with paddy, coconut, betel nut, vegetables, pulse, fish etc. as principal commodity. In rainy season huge amount of fish is gathered in the market on hat days. The average hat day turnover is Tk. 2,000,000/- and yearly Lease Value (Last Year) was Tk. 650,000/-.

There are 02 schools, 01 clinic, 02 religious institutions and 04 NGO’s offices in and around the market.

Internal roads are mainly earthen and BFS which is very poor condition found. Second problem is inundation where internal roads go under water up to 0.5 meter by severe monsoon rain. Source of drinking water is deep tube-well. As a result, the hat becomes unusable especially during rainy season. Stalls are in kutcha structures and in ruins. Boat landing facility, drainage internal roads, multipurpose sheds, toilets, deep tube well is the priority needs for this market..

Photo Record

Market land without shed Poor condition of earthen road in the market


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Internal road Drainage network Boat landing station Multipurpose sheds Fish sheds Open Sales Platform MMC office Toilets Two Deep Tube wells Garbage Pits

Recommendations Based on the prevailing physical condition and the local demands and expectations revealed in the Participatory Meetings, following market components are recommended for improvement:

Internal Roads Drainage network Multipurpose Sheds Fish sheds Open sales platform Deep Tube Wells Toilets Garbage Pits

Proposed Market Shed Unpaved road (BFS) in market


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Estimated Cost


Additional for

resilient measure

Total Cost

Internal Road CC - 3.05m x 200 m m 2,300 610 1,052,250 350,750 1,403,000

Internal Drainage Network 100 m m 1,800 100 135,000 45,000 180,000

Multipurpose Shed (9m x 6m) - RCC Roof No 1,056,610 1 792,458 264,153 1,056,610

Multipurpose Shed Fish (9m x 6m) - RCC Roof No 1,179,194 1 884,396 294,799 1,179,194

Open Sales Platform CC - (12m x 6m) 2 nos sqm 3,700 144 399,600 133,200 532,800




Sub - Total 4,038,773 1,346,258 5,385,031Contingencies and inflation 5% 269,252

TOTAL 5,654,283

NOTE.:




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3.5.3.3 Market Sub-Project - LRM 40: Ishibpur Bazar, Upazila– Rajoir, Madaripur Region



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Present Condition LRM40 – Ishubpur Bazar, Upazila– Rajoir – District – Madaripur falls under the Large Rural Market (LRM) category and is situated in Ishubpur Union of Shibchar Upazila under Madaripur District. It is connected one side by Madaripur Sadar Upazila Sahar and other side is Shibchar Upazila.

The total area of the market is approximately 1.58 acres out of which about 1.43 acres is khas (govt.) land. The catchment area comprises of 04 unions are Kabirajpur, Kunia, Badarpasha, and Isibpur and about 25 villages all around serving 6,000 population. Principal mode of transportation in road communication pick-up, tempu, motor bike and van. Important 5 GCM/ Markets are connected with this hat. These are Chandumiar Hat, Jamal Sikdarer kandi hat, Nuruddin Sarder Hat, Chiru Chawdary Bazar & Pachhar Bazar.

Main commodities are fish, onion, garlic, nuts, watermelon, rice and milk (Cow’s). There are more than 238 permanent shops. These are 218 semi-pucca and 40 kutcha structure. The number of non-permanent traders is about 60 who sit on daily market time from 7 am to 10 am. The average turnover is around Tk. 2,200,000. The annual lease value is about Tk. 27,000.

The deep tube-well and pond is the main source of drinking water. But the market’s principal crisis is the unavailability of drinking water because of char land.

Internal roads are mostly on an average BFS and Kutcha. There is no drainage system in the market area. As a result they are damaged at many parts. These issues are the vital to be considered for the future of the market. This demands overall raising/repair and upgrading of road network and provision of supply drinking water.

There are three schools, one clinics, one post office, one madrasha and two religious institutions like mosque in and around of the market.

As in most of other hats there is insufficient basic utilities/amenities like toilets, urinals, ablution space etc. Some people consider it necessary that separate toilet facilities should be provided for women.

Photo Record

Poor condition of internal road Road without drainage network


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Proposed land for market development Internal Road with poor condition


Internal road network Drainage network Multipurpose sheds Fish sheds MMC office Toilets Deep Tube wells Garbage Pits

Recommendations The following components are recommended for improvement:

Internal drainage network Internal Road Multipurpose Shed Fish shed Open Sales Platform Toilets Deep Tube Wells Garbage Pits


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Estimated Cost


Additional for

resilient measure

Total Cost

Internal Road RCC - 3.05m x 150 m m 3,700 460 1,276,500 425,500 1,702,000



Multipurpose Shed Fish (9m x 6m) - RCC Roof

No 1,179,194 1 884,396 294,799 1,179,194

Open Sales Platform CC - (12m x 6m) 2 nos

sqm 3,700 144 399,600 133,200 532,800





TOTAL 5,968,233

NOTE.:




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3.5.3.4 Market Sub-Project - LRM 42: Shurar Hat Bazar, Upazila– Shibchar –Madaripur Region


Present Condition LRM 42 – Shurar Hat, Upazila– Shibchar – District – Madaripur falls under the Large Rural Market (LRM) category and is situated in Bandar Khola Union of Shibchar Upazila under


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Madaripur District. It is connected one side by Faridpur Sadar Upazila Sahar and other side by Pachhar Bazar under Shibchar Upazila. The total area of the market is approximately 5 acres out of which about 3 acres is khas (govt.) land. The catchment area comprises of 06 unions are Char Janajat, Shannayshir Char, Matbarer Char, Char Nasirpur, Narikelbaria and Bandarkhola and about 85 villages all around serving 6,000 population.

Principal mode of transportation is launch and trawler. Local boats also play a vital role for communication. In road communication tempu, motor bike and van are other principal mode of transportation.

Important 5 GCM/ Markets are connected with this hat. These are Chandumiar Hat, Jamal Sikdarer kandi hat, Nuruddin Sarder Hat, Chiru Chawdary Bazar & Pachhar Bazar.

Main commodities are fish, onion, garlic, nuts, watermelon, rice and milk (cow’s).

There are more than 320 permanent shops. These are 320 kutcha structure. The number of non-permanent traders is about 50 who sit on the weekly hat day which is on Friday & Monday. The average turnover is around Tk. 2,500,000. The annual lease value is about Tk. 5,000.

The deep tube-well and pond is the main source of drinking water. But the market’s principal crisis is the unavailability of drinking water because of char land. Second problem is inundation where internal roads go under water up to 0.5 meter by severe monsoon rain. Internal roads are mostly on an average BFS and Kutcha. There is no drainage system in the market area. As a result they are damaged at many parts. These issues are the vital to be considered for the future of the market. This demands overall raising/repair and upgrading of road network and provision of supply drinking water.

There are three schools, one clinics and religious institutions like mosque in and around of the market.

As in most of other hats there are insufficient basic utilities/amenities like toilets, urinals, ablution space etc. Some people consider it necessary that separate toilet facilities should be provided for women.

Photo Record

Proposed Market Shed Existing HBB road


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Inadequate Internal Road in the Market Internal Road without Drainage System


Multi-purpose cum cyclone shed (MPS and CS) Fish sheds Internal roads paved by RCC &CC raising above inundation level Drainage system MMC office Women traders' section Deep Tube wells Sanitary latrines (02 nos) Garbage Pits


Internal drains Internal Road Multipurpose Shed Fish shed Open Sales Platform Toilets Deep Tube Wells Garbage Pits


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Estimated Cost


Additional for resilient

measure Total Cost


Internal Drainage Network 100 m long m 1,800 100 135,000 45,000 180,000


Multipurpose Shed Fish (9m x 6m) - RCC Roof

No 1,179,194 1 884,396 294,799 1,179,194






TOTAL 5,654,283

NOTE.:



.


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3.5.3.5 Market Sub-Project - LRM 49: Nayakandi Bazar, Upazila – Kotalipara – District – Gopalganj



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Present Condition LRM49 - Nayakandi Bazar, Upazila – Kotalipara – District – Gopalganj falls under the Large Rural Market category and is situated in Kandi 12 no Union and Kotalipara Upazila under Gopalganj District. The market is connected on one side by Tungipara Upazila and on another side by Nazirpur upazila under Pirozpur District and other side Agailjhara Upazila under Barisal District.

The total land of market is approximately 4 acres out of which 92 decimal of land is khas (govt.) land. It is a large rural market. The total number of permanent shops is 100 including 30 pucca, 20 semi-pucca and 50 kutcha.

The number of non-permanent traders is approximately 40 which sit on bazar time that means in morning 7 am to 10 am.

Principal mode of transportation is launch and trawler. Local boats also play a vital role for communication. In road communication tempu, motor bike and van are other principal mode of transportation

The catchment area covers 3 upazilas namely Tungipara, Nazirpur & Agailjhara and also 08 unions namely Kandi,Satla, Dumuria, Malikhali, Dewalbari, Birerkandi Harta & Madhukhali and 25 villages serving about 1000 people. 6 important GCM/Marketsare connected with this hat. They are Paisar Hat, Bagdhar Hat, Padmadubi Hat, Panakhali Hat, Dharabashail Hat & Baraivita Bazar. There are 01 schools, 01 madrasha, 03 clinic, 01 mosque, 01 temple and 02 NGO’s office in and around of the market.

The hat deals with fish, paddy, pulses, vegetables, etc. as principal commodity. In rainy season huge amount of fish. The average hat day turnover is Tk. 2,000,000/-.

Internal roads are mainly earthen and BFS which is very poor condition found. Source of drinking water is deep tube-well. As a result, the hat becomes unusable especially during rainy season. Stalls are in kutcha structures and in ruins. Boat landing facility, drainage internal roads, multipurpose sheds, toilets, deep tube well is the priority needs for this market.

Photo Record

Absence of boat landing station (Ghat) Proposed Market Land


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Poor condition & without drain in internal road Proposed Market Land


Internal road system Drainage network Boat landing station Multipurpose sheds Fish sheds MMC office Toilets Deep Tube wells – 2 nos Women traders' section Garbage Pits


Internal Roads Drainage network Multipurpose Sheds Fish shed Open Sales Platform Toilets Deep Tube Wells GarbagePits


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Estimated Cost


Additional for

resilient measure

Total Cost










TOTAL 6,028,608

NOTE.:




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3.5.3.6 Market Sub-Project - LRM 54: Kalinagar Bazar, Upazila – Dacope, Khulna Region



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Present Condition LRM 54 - Kalinagar Bazar, Upazila – Dacope – District – Khulna falls under the Large Rural Market category and is situated in 6 no Kamarkhola Union of Dacop Upazila under Khulna District. It borders on one side with Mongla & Rampal Upazila under Bagerhat District and another side by Paikgacha upazila under Khulna District. The total area of market is approximately 2.97 acres out of which 0.91 acres is khas (govt.) land. It is smaller in size with rural character in rural setting.

Total number of permanent shops is 141 which have 01 pucca, 90 semi-pucca and 50 kutcha shops. The number of temporary shops is around 300 which are trading on weekly hat day. The hat sits one time on Saturday.

The catchment area covers 23 villages under 3 upazilas namely Koyra, Mongla and Paikgacha and 5 unions namely Kailashganj, Dacope, Kamarkhola, Tildanga, & Sutarkhali serving about 4,000 people. Important 6 GCM/ Markets are connected with this hat. These are Nolian Hat, Dhopadi Bazar, Ramnagar Bazar, Kalibari (Gunari) Bazar, Dacope Bazar & Kewratala Bazar.

The hat deals with shirmp, paddy, coconut, vegetables, fish etc. as its principal commodity. In rainy season large quantity of fish and in dry season large quantity of paddy are traded in this market. The average hat day turnover is Tk. 2,000,000/- and yearly Lease Value (Last Year) was Tk. 116,595/-. Main source of drinking water is deep tube-well.

There are 03 schools, 01 clinic and 01 post office, 1 temple, 2 mosque, 1 church and 4 NGO’s office in and around of the market.

Principal modes of transportation are trawler, country boat by river and tempo, motor bike, auto-van by road.

Internal roads are mostly unpaved and in poor condition without drainage system. As a result, on hat days it becomes unusable especially during the rainy season. Stalls are kutcha structures and some of these are in ruins. Provision of drainage, internal roads, fish sheds, multipurpose sheds, toilets and deep tube well are the priority needs for this market.

Photo Record

Proposed Government Land (Khsh) Road without drainage network in Market


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Internal road in the market Proposed Market Land


Boat Landing Station at the khal to the west. Upgrading the internal road by CC raising level at least by 30cm. Providing a drainage system with connection to adjoining khal. Provision for women users MMC Office Provision deep tube well Sanitary latrine for Men women users Sanitary latrine for Men adjoining mosque Renovation of existing toilet block Waste collection bins

Recommendations Based on the prevailing physical condition and the local demands and expectations revealed by the Participatory Meetings, an assessment is made to prioritize the needs as follows:

Internal Roads Drainage network Multipurpose Shed Fish shed Open Sales Platform Toilets Deep Tube Wells Garbage Pits


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Estimated Cost


Additional for

resilient measure

Total Cost










TOTAL 5,654,283

NOTE.:


Conclusion The recommendations above are as per priority demand from the stakeholders. Because the substantial khas land is available within and adjoining the market boundary, improvement and upgrading is possible with limited constraints. It is expected these proposals along with those of the Master Plan under preparation will address the present problems remarkably and play a positive role in future for the betterment and properly functioning of the market. Through revenue earning both govt. and private sector will be benefitted and eventually it will add enhancement of economic situation of the area at large. The investment is justifiable and practically viable.

.


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3.5.3.7 Market Sub-Project - LRM 61: Kazra Bazar, Upazila – Assasuni – District – Satkhira, Khulna Region



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Present Condition LRM61 - Khazra Bazar, Upazila – Assasuni – District – Satkhira falls under the Large Rural Market category and is situated in Khazra Union of Assasuni Upazila under Satkhira District. It borders on one side with Koyra & Paikgachha Upazila shahar and another side by Kaliganj upazila shahar. The total area of market is approximately 0.9 acres out of which 0.37 acres is khas (govt.) land. It is smaller in size with rural character in rural setting. Total number of permanent shops is 135 which have 65 pucca, 10 semi-pucca and 60 Kutcha shops. The number of temporary shops is around 165 which are trading on weekly hat days. The hat sits two times on Sunday and Thursday.

The catchment area covers 20 villages under 3 upazilas namely Koyra, Paikgacha and Kaliganj and 6 unions namely Anulia, Baradal, Amadi, Bagalia, Chandkhali & Khazra serving about 5,500 people. Important 5 GCM/ Markets are connected with this hat. These are Kapsonda Bazar Kakbashia Bazar, Bagali Bazar, Anulia Bazar & Bardal Hat,.

The hat deals with shirmp, paddy, coconut, vegetables, fish etc. as its principal commodity. In rainy season large quantity of fish and in dry season large quantity of paddy are traded in this market.

This market is one of the biggest mat trade centre in Khulna region. The average hat day turnover is Tk. 12,000,000/- and yearly Lease Value (Last Year) was Tk. 50,700/-. Main source of drinking water is deep tube-well.

Principal modes of transportation are trawler, country boat by river and tempo, motor bike, auto-van by road.

There are 03 schools, 01 clinic and 01 post office in and around of the market.

Internal roads are mostly unpaved and in poor condition without drainage system. As a result, on hat days it becomes unusable especially during the rainy season. Stalls are kutcha structures and some of these are in ruins.

Provision of drainage, internal roads, fish sheds, multipurpose sheds, toilets and deep tube well are the priority needs for this market.

Photo Record

Proposed Government Land (Khsh) BFS Road in Market


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Market Connecting Road in Earthen Proposed Market Land


Internal road system Drainage network Boat landing station Multipurpose sheds Fish sheds MMC office Toilets Deep Tube wells – 2 nos Women traders' section Garbage Pits

Recommendations Based on the prevailing physical condition and the local demands and expectations revealed by the Participatory Meetings, an assessment is made to prioritize the needs as follows:

Internal Roads Drainage network Multipurpose Shed Fish shed Open Sales Platform Toilets Deep Tube Wells Garbage Pits


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Estimated Cost


Additional for

resilient measure

Total Cost










TOTAL 5,654,283

NOTE.:


Conclusion The recommendations above are as per priority demand from the stakeholders. Because the substantial khas land is available within and adjoining the market boundary, improvement and upgrading is possible with limited constraints. It is expected these proposals along with those of the Master Plan under preparation will address the present problems remarkably and play a positive role in future for the betterment and properly functioning of the market. Through revenue earning both govt. and private sector will be benefitted and eventually it will add enhancement of economic situation of the area at large. The investment is justifiable and practically viable.

.


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4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA)

4.1 Physical Resources

The environmental baseline situation in the region including the twenty seven subproject areas are well documented in the regional environmental profiles produced by the Water Resource Planning Organization (WARPO), as part of the National Water Management Plan (NWMP).

Hydrology: Surface water hydrology is characterized by the river networks that are part of the Ganges-Meghna delta system. The region is characterized by the hydrological regime of Meghna and Tetulia rivers. A number of tidal rivers such as Bishkhali, Payra, Kocha, Boleswar wash large portion of Potuakhali, Pirozpur, Borguna and Jhalokathi, which exhibit strong semi-diurnal tides. These rivers carry huge sediments to these areas and in the estuaries of Meghna.

Groundwater is the main source of potable water in the subproject areas. However shallower aquifers in the coastal areas are saline, so abstraction has to be taken from deep (up to 300m) tube wells, which are relatively costly to construct. Groundwater abstraction north of the coastal area is from the shallower aquifers, but the discovery of natural arsenic in the shallower aquifers is a serious problem.

Geology: The area consists of late Holocene to Recent Alluvium of the Ganges deltaic plain in north and tidal plain in south. The area is composed of sand, silt and clay in various proportions with small amount of coarse sand, which is classified into seven litho-stratigraphic units from base to top. Stratigraphic cross-sections and panel diagram through this area indicate presence of seven sedimentary cycles, each cycle resembling fining upward sequence. The entire area constitutes complexes of channels of fluvial/tidal origin, natural levees, bars, swamps and plains like floodplain, deltaic plains, estuarine plains or coastal plains.

Topography, Landforms and Soils: The subproject areas are located in the Ganges-Meghna tidal floodplain. The boundary between this unit and the Ganges floodplain is traditional. The tidal landscape has a low ridge and a basin relief crossed by innumerable tidal rivers and creeks. Local differences in elevation generally are less than 1m compared with 2-3m on the Ganges floodplain. The sediments are mainly non-calcareous clays, but they are silty and slightly calcareous on riverbanks and in a transitional zone in the east adjoining the lower Meghna. This unit covers most of Pirojpur, Barisal, Patuakhali, Bhola and the entire Jhalokati and Barguna districts but excludes the Sundarbans.

The river carries fresh water throughout the year in the northeast and east, but saltwater penetrates further inland mainly in the dry season. In the northeast, there is moderately deep flooding in the monsoon season, mainly by rainwater ponded on the land when the Ganges distributaries and the lower Meghna are at high flood levels. Elsewhere, there is mainly shallow flooding at high tides, either throughout the year, or only in the monsoon, except in the extensive areas where tidal flooding is prevented by BWDB embankments. Within embankments, there is seasonal flooding with accumulated rainwater. The soils are non-saline throughout the year over substantial areas in the north and the east, but they become saline to varying degrees in the dry season.

Climate: The climate of the project areas can be described as Tropical Monsoon – characterized by warm, humid summers and cool, dry winters. Annual average maximum temperature for Barisal is 35.1O C with a minimum of 12.1 O C. The average annual rainfall is around 1955 mm in Barisal division. Nearly 75 percent of the rainfall is concentrated in the months of June to October. Nor’westers (pre-monsoon thunderstorms) and tornadoes are other climatic hazards in the project area. The tropical cyclones and associated storm surges are the common disasters of the coastal zone. The climate change and sea level rise bring additional threat to this part of the coastal zone.


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4.2 Biological (Natural Environment)

Aquatic Flora : The fresh water aquatic floras include hydrilla, vellisneria, bladderwort, water hyacinth, duckweed, water lettuce, water lily, water fern, water plantain, halaincha ipomea and many species of grasses. The hygrophytes that grow in swampy areas are aroids, ferns, begonias and several grass species. Freshwater wetland plant species e.g. hijal (baringtonia acutangula), barun (crataeva magna), mandar (erithrina indica), pitaly (trewia nudiflora), jarul (lagerstroemia speciosa), etc. are not very much common in the project site.

Aquatic Faunas Mammals: Gangetic dolphin, gharial, otter, shark.

Birds: Kingfishers, storks, herons, egrets, watermen, snipe, pied wagtail, curlew, green shank, teals, pallas fishing eagle.

Fish and Fisheries: In general there are five types of fish capturing, which are undertaken. These are:

(i) River capture fishing- Fish are caught year round within all the main rivers and khals. However, catches tend to peak in May to June, with the mass migration upstream of hilsa (Tenulosa ilisha), and in October to November, when the floods subsides and fish start returning from the floodplain to the river (ODA 1994). Fish species caught in the rivers tend to consist of the major carps, catfish, hilsa and small shrimp.

(ii) Major carp spawn capture fishing- There is a high demand for major carp spawn for use in fishpond stocking. This high demand means that the spawn generates high value.

(iii) Floodplain subsistence capture fishing- During the flood season there is open access fishing across all flooded areas. Subsistence fishing is therefore undertaken by almost all rural households during this period. The capture of fish in this way is often crucial for these households, as it represents the main (and often the only) source of animal protein available to them during the year..

Fish Habitat: The fish habitats include ponds borrow pits, closed channel, and rivers and canals. Capture fisheries are very common in the rivers and canals; and shrimp culture in local ghers are in many cases become the major source of foreign currency. There is controversy about the loss of agricultural productivity of the area due the increased rate of shrimp culture.

Improved fish feeds for fishes for use in ponds/ dighi and in aquaculture are available in the local market. However, the farmers mostly use shell meat, pressed rice and oil cake as fish feed because these are cheaper than the balanced commercial feeds.

Fish Catch in October. Capture fisheries in the floodplains get higher nourishment during the monsoon due to movement of high amount of biomass energy through run-off to the open as well as in closed water bodies. Consequently fishes grow faster. Fish population in open and closed water bodies also increases during this season. The fresh water fish spawn during May-July period.

These promote big catch of capture fisheries during November-December period. Usually captive fisheries are not explored until March-April period because of relatively low market price of fishes and spawns that are released in June-July are allowed time to grow.


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Aquatic biology: The genetic dolphin (Plastanista gangetica), known locally as Sisu or Susok, occurs in all the main river systems of Bangladesh, particularly through the monsoon season. The Dolphin is identified as a threatened/vulnerable species by the IUCN Red Book1.

The Peacock and Soft-shelled Turtle (Tionyx hyrum) are also identified as an endangered species. This turtle is a resident of beels and rivers. No information was obtained as to whether the turtle is resident in any of the surface water bodies present within the Project corridor.

Terrestrial Flora Forest and Plantation: Trees species in various ecosystems and the terrestrial floral species at project site are given below.

(i) Homesteads and Orchards: betel nut (areca catechu), kadam (anthocephalus chinensis), coconut (cocos nucifera), date palm (phoenix dactylifera), sofeda (achras sapota), mango (magnifera indica), jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus), fig, pome granade, guava (psidium guajava), grapefruit (citrus grandis), lemon (citrus spp.), blackberries (eugenia jambolana), plum, toddy palm, koroi (albizia sp.), shisoo (dalbergia shishu), shirish, rain tree (samanea saman), eucalyptus (eucalyptus spp.), bamboo (bambusa spp.), babla (acacia nilotica), jeol, neem (azadirachta indica), jamrul (ejavanica), chalta (dillenia indica), bel (aegle marmelos), amra (spondias pinnata), amloki (phyllanthus embelica), segun (tectona grandis), etc.

(ii) Roadside Plantation: date palm (phoenix dactylifera), road chambol, koroi (albizia spp.), krishnachura (delonix regia), rain tree (samanea saman), shisoo (dalbergia shishu), babla (acacia nilotica), akashmoni (acacia moniliformis), banian (ficus bengalensis), mango (magnifera indica), blackberries (eugenia jambolana), raj koroi (samanea saman), etc.

(iii) No natural forest exists in project site or in the surrounding areas.

Terrestrial Faunas Livestock: The livestock in subproject sites include cow, buffalo, goat, ship, pig, chicken, duck, geese and pigeon. This component of farming system is used as draft power, milk and meat source and as supplements to family nutrition and income. No classified grassland area virtually exists in the project site. The fellow lands, road, highway and embankment sides and homesteads are used as grazing fields for cattle. General health of cattle is deplorable because of low quality and inadequate nutrition.

Livestock health : Livestock health in the project site appeared to be poor. This was due to shortage of quality green feed during large part of the year, poor living condition and inadequate health care. Animals are mostly confined in the cattle sheds or on homestead platforms for most part of the year. Fallow croplands, roadside slopes and other wastelands are used for grazing the livestock under watch during the dry season.

Protected areas: The road subprojects will not pass through and market sub-projects are not located in and around of any National Parks or Protected Areas. Terrestrial habitat through which the road passes through can be classified as:

(i) Agricultural Land; (ii) Strip Plantation; and (iii) Homestead Plantations

1 IUCN Bangladesh. 2003. Bangladesher Bipanno Bonno Prani, IUCN-The World Conservation Union. 294 p, Dhaka


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Birds: Crow, doves, pigeon, mynas, weaver bird, magpie robin, house sparrow, storks, herons and egrets, tailor bird, shama, kingfishers (blue lessor pied, white breasted, small fisher), wood packers, bulbul, parakeets, jungle babbler, Indian tree pie, vulture, water hen, owls (spotted owlet, fish owl, hutumpecha), kites (shabaz, koral, tisha, etc.), cormorant, kobo, oriolesm hawk cuckoo, green pigeon and koel.

Reptiles & Lizards: Snakes, tree tokey, wall gekko, lizards.

Other Vertebrates: Toads, rodents (mouse, mole, rates, squirrels), bull frog, green frog.

4.3 Wildlife Status in Project Site

Wildlife species identified and reported from the experience of the survey in the areas that includes the mammals such as jackal, jungle cat, fox and mongoose. In addition, there are reptiles like the water snake, Jat snake (dendroapis polylepis), and darash snake (xenochropis piscator); amphibians like the common toad and bullfrog, lizards such as monitors (water monitor, black monitor and golden monitor), tree gekko, house lizard and rodents (rat, mouse, squirrel, mole), etc. The survey of wildlife species of a small and densely populated area may not bring out a reliable result. Because, the wildlife species allocate their time spread over a territory where they are used to feed, rest and recreate.

The bird species reported from the field survey include crow, mynas, stork, brahmani kite, sparrow, weaver birds, water hen, parakeet, robin, bulbul, black drongo, vulture, hawk cuckoo, black cormorant, owl, snipe, etc. However, comprehensive studies on wildlife were conducted by the Environmental Specialist during his several field visits and through interrogation of knowledgeable persons in site and local GOB and NGO.

Wetland: The project areas contain number of rivers, estuaries, mangrove swamps, canals, ponds, shrimp ghers, etc. The farmers generally are interested in draining the wetland during dry period to use for crop cultivation. In absence of large perennial flow many of these wetlands have dried up and lost their wetland features. Moreover sufficient cross drainage works would not impede water movement. Likewise, the flora and fauna of these seasonally flooded areas do not include any endangered or threatened species, and are not likely to be disturbed in their habitats. There is no protected areas described in the Government regulation located within all project areas or affected areas

4.4. Socio-economic

4.4.1 Agriculture

The scope for further intensification of agricultural crops in the project affected sites as well as in the adjacent areas is limited. This is because, the land and water (both surface and underground) is limited. Major crop during the kharif-2 season is rain fed transplanted aman paddy (local varieties). Culture fisheries technology locally known as shrimp gher on low land with availability of saline water is popular and brings hard currency from exports.

4.4.2 Crops Grown

The crops grown in different cropping seasons and on different land types are given in Table-1. Cultivation of rabi and kharif-I vegetables has gained popularity on highland and made lands in the down town areas of all district town due to availability and access to the local as well as Dhaka City market due to better communication.


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Table 1: Crops grown in different cropping seasons & on different land types

Land type Cropping Season Annual Perennial Kharif-I Kharif-II Rabi

Made-land, Non-flooded

Lemarenthus, long bean, bitter gourd, snake gourd, sweet gourd, ash gourd, cucumber, ribbed gourd, peanut, jute, sesame, sweet potato, aus and egg plant

Lemaranthus, cucumber, long bean sweet gourd, ash gourd, ribbed gourd, snake gourd, fodder, etc.

Maize, millet, potato, sunflower, peanut, radish, chili, coriander, onion, garlic, carrot, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, egg plant and spinach

Papaya, banana, ginger, turmeric, sugarcane, etc.

Medium Highland, slightly saline

B.aus, Sesame (50- 70%). T. aman

T. aman(local) Barley, millet, chilli and mung bean

Medium Lowland,

B. aus&aman T. aman

T. aman Barley, millet, chilli and mung bean Irrigated boro (<5%)

Homesteads/ Orchards, Highland

Vegetables (10%)

Vegetables (5%) Vegetables (10%) Betel nut, banana, coconut ipil-ipil, jeolbhadi, pome-granade, sofeda, eucalyptus, akshmoni, date plam mango, shisoo, jack fruit, plum, lemon, jarul, mehgani, koroi, babla, debdaru, shirish, etc.

4.4.3 Quality of life values

Field survey data and information in respect of accessibility, connectivity, land use, traffic counts, etc., of proposed road sub-project areas, and number of shops, types of trading items, financial institutions, education and health facilities, number of beneficiary peoples, availability of public utility services, etc., of proposed market sub-projects are described in sub-sections under Sections 3.5 and 3.6, respectively, of this report.


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5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Subproject Specific Impacts The road and market subprojects will focus on improving/rehabilitating existing rural roads, growth centers and rural markets. So, major activities will relate to construction works and the potential generic environmental issues for both types of sub-projects will include: (i) soil erosion, silt runoff and gully erosion; (ii) drainage blockage/congestion, water logging and localized flooding; (iii) surface and ground water contamination; (iv) air (dust) and noise pollution; (v) contamination from storage and transportation of construction materials; (vi) hygiene, sanitation and safety of construction workers; and (vii) community disharmony or cultural problems. The growth centre/market subprojects will reconstruct and improve the markets, multipurpose shopping centres and provide hygienic conditions with latrines, sanitation, drinking water supply, renewable energy sources, drainage capacity for draining of rainwater and garbage management facilities for keeping the environment tidy and free from pollution. The growth centres will be connected with roads and water ways. The tree plantation will be conducted on road slopes and in the free spaces of markets. The gender issues will be given high priority also in allotment of the shops.

Specifically the following environmental impacts are assessed for the proposed sub-projects:

Road Sub-Projects

Sub-Project -1: UZ 09 Lalmohan K. B.-Karter Hat (West Side) – Upazila Lalmohan / Bhola The potential negative impacts include removal of the narrow stretches of vegetation like, shrubs and jungles over the roads which are of no economic values. Another negative impact will be that unless carefully planned the hydrology of the area is going to be affected creating drainage congestion of the nearby areas causing more flood.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (a) prevention of soil erosion by bituminizing the pavement and planting grasses, shrubs and tree plantation on the road sides and slopes; (b) restoration of regional hydrology and drainage through reconstructing/rehabilitation bridges/ culverts; (c) access to markets and health services; and (d) potential for establishment of new commercial activities at the markets as well as along the improved road.

Sub-Project-2: UZ 11 Banglabazar-Bagmara-Sharif K.-Banker Hat Road – Upazila Bhola Sadar The negligible negative impacts include removal of the narrow stretches of vegetation (jungles of shrubs and grasses which are of no economic value) over the roads. If there is land will be acquired, the LGED will prepare resettlement plan based on the resettlement framework, and minor land acquisition at a few locations of the existing road alignment. However, land is available and this can be easily managed by LGED. Another negative impact will be that unless carefully planned the hydrology of the area is going to be affected creating drainage congestion of the ghers and nearby agricultural areas causing more flood.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (a) prevention of soil erosion by bituminizing the pavement and planting grasses, shrubs and trees on road slopes; (b) restoration of regional hydrology and drainage through reconstructing/rehabilitation bridges/culverts; (c) access to markets and health services; and (d) potential for establishment of new commercial activities at the markets as well as along the improved road. The vent regulators will mitigate the problems of cross drainage. Plantation of trees in the road sides will help mitigate the emission causing climate change.

Sub-Project -3 : UZ 18 Bogir Hat GC-Tatalia GC via Tatalia College – Upazila Taltali / Barguna District


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The negative impact will be that unless carefully planned the hydrology of the area is going to be affected creating drainage congestion of ghers & nearby agricultural areas causing more flood.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (a) prevention of soil erosion by bituminizing the pavement and planting grasses, shrubs and trees on road side slopes; (b) restoration of regional hydrology and drainage through reconstructing/rehabilitation bridges/culverts; (c) access to markets and health services; and (d) potential for establishment of new commercial activities at the markets as well as along the improved road. The vent regulators will mitigate the problems of cross drainage. Plantation of trees and economic plants in the road sides will enhance the livelihood of the people and help mitigate the emission causing climate change.

Sub-Project -4: UZ 21 Amrajuri-Keundia-Shahapura Connecting Road – Upazila Kawkhali / District Pirojpur The potential negative impacts include removal of narrow stretches of vegetation over the roads. Another negative impact will be that unless carefully planned the hydrology of the area is going to be affected creating drainage congestion of the nearby areas causing more flood.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (a) prevention of soil erosion by bituminizing the pavement and planting grasses, shrubs and trees on road sides and slopes; (b) restoration of regional hydrology and drainage through reconstructing /rehabilitation bridges/culverts; (c) access to markets and health services; and (d) potential for establishment of new commercial activities at the markets as well as along the improved road, road side plantation with economic trees will develop livelihood in the areas near the roads.

Sub-Project -5: UZ 46 Paikghacha R&H (Bowalia More) - Baka GC – Upazila Paikghacha / District Khulna

The potential negative impacts include removal of narrow stretches of vegetation over the roads. Another negative impact will be that unless carefully planned the hydrology of the area is going to be affected creating drainage congestion of the nearby areas causing more flood.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (a) prevention of soil erosion by bituminizing the pavement and planting grasses, shrubs and trees on road sides and slopes; (b) restoration of regional hydrology and drainage through reconstructing/rehabilitation bridges/culverts; (c) access to markets and health services; and (d) potential for establishment of new commercial activities at the markets as well as along the improved road, road side plantation with economic trees will develop livelihood in the areas near the roads.

Sub-Project -6: UZ 49 Satkhira Baily Bridge-Bangdah GC Road via Ellachar Road – Upazila Sadar / District Satkhira The potential negative impacts include removal of narrow stretches of vegetation over the roads. Another negative impact will be that unless carefully planned the hydrology of the area is going to be affected creating drainage congestion of the nearby areas causing more flood.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (a) prevention of soil erosion by bituminizing the pavement and planting grasses, shrubs and trees on road sides and slopes; (b) restoration of regional hydrology and drainage through reconstructing/rehabilitation bridges/culverts; (c) access to markets and health services; and (d) potential for establishment of new commercial activities at the markets as well as along the improved road, road side plantation with economic trees will develop livelihood in the areas near the roads.


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Growth Centre /Large Rural Markets Sub-Projects

Sub-Project -1: LRM 13 DhalChar Bazar - Upazila Charfassion /Barisal District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.

The positive impacts of this subproject are: (1) improvement of water supply and sanitation facilities of the market; (2) removal of drainage conditions from market areas; and (3) enhancement of sales of commodities with subsequent improvement of socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries.

Sub-Project-2: LRM 17 Khaser Hat Bazar – Upazila Patuakhali Sadar / Barisal District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.


Sub-Project -3: LRM 40 Ishibpur Bazar – Upazila Rajoir / Madripur District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.


Sub-Project -4: LRM 42 Shurar Hat Bazar – Upazila Shibchar / Madaripur District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust


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generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.


Sub-Project:5 LRM 49 Naya Kandi Bazar – Upazila Kotalipara / Gopal Ganj District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.


Sub-Project -6: LRM 54 Kalinagar Bazar – Upazila Dacope / Khulna District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.


Sub-Project -7: LRM 61 Khazra Bazar – Upazila Assasuni / Satkhira District There are no archaeological sites near the subproject area. There is no need for land acquisition. The trees will not be affected, rather tree plantations will be conducted in the growth centre/market premises. There may be localized impacts on air quality due to dust generated in earth works and material movement to site, erosion and silt run off, and noise from machinery working at site. Impacts during operation are impacts on water resources, due to extraction needs and wastewater discharges from market, and solid waste. However, water will be sourced from ground water wells and the design of the market includes facilities for proper solid waste disposal and sanitation facilities and therefore will not impact on the ground water quality.


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5.2 Other Environmental Impacts Road Sub-Projects Soil erosion and Siltation

Soil erosion is one of the most common environmental impacts of the road projects, unless protective measures are undertaken. The degree of soil stability, erosion and siltation varies according to the soil texture, intensity of rainfall and the slope of the embankments. In sandy soils, the instability is greater than on sticky, clayey soils. Hence, in the subproject areas, measures against soil erosion should take into consideration the nature of the soil texture in specific locations. The risk of erosion will be limited or minimized if the improvement works are done in the dry season. The protective measures through vegetation and compaction on the improved roads will have high positive impact of the proposed road improvement measures.

Regional hydrology

Roads can contribute to changes in the flow and volume of surface water affecting regional hydrology. Field survey, however, confirmed that the existing roads do not impede local and regional drainage due to considering adequate cross drainage options. And the potential for increased flooding is nil. Nevertheless, conditions in the low lying areas have to be dealt with separately and very carefully. The sub-project areas, with the provision of additional cross-drainage will bring positive impacts on the drainage conditions.

Drainage congestion

The impact issue of drainage congestion and resultant water-logging is essentially related to the above mentioned hydrologic parameters. In the context of the experience vis-à-vis the improved roads, it is likely that the rehabilitated and new culverts or cross-drainage structures will facilitate surface runoff and bring some positive impacts in terms of improved drainage and lower water logging. However, it is necessary to emphasize that provision should be given for adequate cross-drainage structures, and discussion should be made with the local people to define the requirement of drainage in the area.

Water quality

Water quality on roadsides may be affected during the construction phase. Through adoption of simple erosion control measure, such as use of sand bags and rubble, erosion to water ways can be minimized. Even after the roads are carpeted with bitumen, the nature and volume of traffic on them will not be of such magnitude as to cause any significant water pollution problem. Nonetheless, it may be advisable not to locate drinking water intake points close to the road embankments in order to avoid chance of contamination from pollutants.

Air and Noise Pollution

The impact issue of air pollution from road improvements must be weighed against the existing situation on those roads. The bitumen surface of the improved roads will necessarily generate more traffic of motorized vehicles and cause certain amount of air pollution from


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exhaust emissions. But it will also produce positive impact of lesser dust than the present unpaved earthen roads. Overall, air quality will not deteriorate significantly. There may be some increase in noise level during construction activities. So, special attention is to be given not to use any high noise generating machineries and equipment.

Fisheries

Since the proposed subprojects do not involve any construction of new roads, the potential for any adverse impact of fish migration and fish breeding/spawning is nil. Moreover, the rehabilitation of cross-drainage structures and culverts on Upazila roads including provision of additional drainage capacity, in accordance with the design standard of the LGED, will ensure better fish passage and migration opportunities in the flood plain. Culture fishery in ponds has recently become very popular in the Project area, and the Project works are not expected to affect them adversely.

Tree plantation

The issue of tree plantation will have a high positive impact from the sub-project actions. With proper care and nurturing, the improved roads will have adequate tree plantations along their sides and slopes. This will also help reducing or preventing soil erosion as well as stabilize road slopes.

Forest

The Forest Department is actively involved in social forestry programs along canals, railways and roads involving the rural poor through participatory benefit sharing scheme in the project areas. Hence, the road improvements in the sub-project areas will benefit the forestry sector through LGED’s continued collaboration and cooperation with social forestry programs of the Forest Department. The mangrove a forestation in the lower slope of the roads which are tidally flooded with saline water is a viable option for generating coastal green belt, which mitigates the impact of tropical cyclones.

Agricultural Land loss

In the subproject areas, agriculture is the major use of land with a high cropping intensity. Hence, agriculture land loss in an infrastructure development project could be a significant negative effect. The land acquisition assessment has been carried out which shows that maximum of the land on roadsides is used for agricultural purpose and few for homesteads and other activities. The losses to individual farmers will be nil or very small because only narrow strips of land are required. In view of this small amount of potential agricultural land loss, the negative impact of the subprojects will be moderate. The affected persons will be compensated in accordance with the resettlement plan prepared under this project. On the other hand, a positive impact of the road improvement works will be an increase in land values (both farmland and homestead) in the adjoining areas.

Navigation/ boat communication

Field investigations did not reveal any conflict between the present road route alignment and navigational facilities. Rather, some bridges and culverts, which are currently damaged, will provide better boat communication facilities after rehabilitation.


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Employment opportunities

The proposed road improvement works are expected to generate significant employment opportunities for the local people during the construction stage. This is in direct conformity with the concept of stakeholder and beneficiary participation, which is central to the design of the Project. Besides, improved roads will increase accessibility of the rural areas, and will thus have a cascade effect of encouraging commercial activities along the roads and in the connecting markets, and providing for long-term income-generating opportunities.

Access of goods to markets

Road improvement works would also have a concomitant high positive impact in terms of the accessibility of local goods to the markets through motorized and faster transport. Economic activities, including local trade and commerce, will be stimulated by these transport opportunities, which in turn, will help in rural poverty amelioration - a principal development objective of the project. Even though the economic benefits cannot immediately be fully quantified, the long-run positive impacts are undeniably high.

Traffic

Bitumen surfaced of the improved roads will facilitate increased traffic of both motorized and non-motorized transport modes. The better quality of the roads will also ensure greater vehicle safety and reduce travel discomfort, especially in the rainy season. Negative impacts of increased traffic on improved roads relate to the hazards for pedestrians, slow moving transport modes like cycle rickshaw/vans, and cattle from neighboring fields. Appropriate safety measures can adequately deal with this impact.

Cultural features

Cultural features, which include places of worship, burial grounds and historical sites, will be provided with better access through road improvement measures, which may also lead to their better protection and conservation. No one of the proposed sub-project road alignment passes through any religious, cultural heritage and historical sites. So, the sub-project activities are not expected to have any negative impact on cultural features, provided any road realignment, if necessary, is adjusted to avoid encroaching upon such features or structures.

Landscape/ Aesthetics

The sub-project road renovation and improvement works together with tree plantations on roadside slopes, will also greatly enhance the visual landscape and aesthetic quality of the entire region.

Growth Center market improvements

Environmental issues related to growth centre market subprojects relate to sanitation, safe drinking water, drainage, waste disposal, internal and access road conditions, and status of selling area. The current status of the market infrastructure is very poor and totally inadequate. Sanitation facilities are unhygienic and mostly non-existent. The improvement of physical infrastructure like, roads under this project in and around the existing growth centres/ markets will have high positive impact on the general environment.


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Market Sub-Projects Soil erosion and Siltation

Soil erosion is one of the most common environmental impacts of the projects where earthwork is involved, unless protective measures are undertaken. The degree of soil stability, erosion and siltation varies according to the soil texture, intensity of rainfall and the slope of the growth centre/market infrastructure platforms. In sandy soils, the instability is greater than on sticky, clayey soils. Hence, in the subproject areas, measures against soil erosion should take into consideration based on the nature of the soil texture in specific locations. The risk of erosion will be limited or minimized if the improvement works are done in the dry season. The protective measures through vegetation and compaction on the land surface will have high positive impact of the proposed development measures.

Regional Hydrology

Water flow from the Meghna and Tetulia river system through Barisal region is already affected due to reduced fresh water intake from upstream channels and intrusion of saline water from the Bay of Bengal. However, surface water hydrology in unlikely to suffer further as the result of growth centre and rural market improvement activities.

Drainage congestion

The impact issue of drainage congestion and resultant water-logging is essentially related to the above mentioned hydrologic parameters. The drainage congestions may occur in the polderized areas due to heavy monsoon rainfall. The drainage capacity in such areas needs to be increased. This idea is already incorporated in the design of bridge, culvert, drain, etc., infrastructures across the road sub-projects proposed for repair and improvement.

Water quality

Water quality may be affected during the construction phase. Through adoption of simple erosion control measure, such as use of sand bags, rubble, erosion to water ways can be minimized. There should be no flow of construction site and labour camp washings into receiving water bodies. Also, discharge of oily materials from storage depot, construction machineries, vehicles, etc., into nearby ponds, borrow pits, and ditches to be protected strictly.

Air and Noise Pollution

The impact issue of air pollution from construction works must be weighed against the existing situation of market operations. The concrete surfaces of the improved sheds, market platforms, etc., modern sanitation arrangement will produce positive impact of lesser dust and odour than the present unpaved infrastructure facilities. Overall, air quality is unlikely to deteriorate from present situation. There may be some increase in noise level from construction activities, but it is expected not to exceed standard level for market places.

Fisheries

The proposed growth centre/rural market improvement subprojects have no activities that can disturb or destroy fish habitats. So, the potential for any adverse impact of fish breeding and/or spawning will be nil. Moreover, the rehabilitation of cross-drainage structures and culverts on Upazila roads including provision of additional drainage capacity, in accordance with the design standard of the LGED, will ensure better fish passage and migration


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opportunities in water bodies around the market places. Culture fishery in ponds has recently become very popular in the Project area, and the Project works are not expected to affect them any way.

Tree plantation

The issue of tree plantation will have a high positive impact from the project actions. The practice established by LGED of planting and maintaining trees on their project sites will improve the environment and would be of economic benefit for poor people of the locality. The plantation of trees and economically important vegetation in the markets and growth centres is part of the subproject activity aiming at development of livelihood of the people living around the project sites. With proper care and nurturing, the improved market/growth centres will have adequate tree plantations in the free space and along the boundaries of the sub-projects. This will also help in reducing or preventing possible soil erosion.

Forest

The Forest Department is actively involved in social forestry programs involving the rural poor through participatory benefit sharing scheme in the CCRIP areas. The Forest Department is engaged in tree plantation along canals, railways, roads and possible other areas in association with the agencies owning those lands. Hence, the market and growth centre improvement along with plantation of trees in the project areas will benefit the forestry sector through LGED’s continued collaboration and cooperation with social forestry programs of the Forest Department.

Agricultural Land loss

In the subproject areas, agriculture is the major use of land with a high cropping intensity. So, improvement works for all sub-projects of CCRIP are designed following very minimum or no land requirement. It is to mention that there will be no loss of agricultural land for up gradation of the proposed market sub-projects. On the other hand, a positive impact of improvement works will be an increase in land values (both farmland and homestead) in the adjoining areas of growth centres and markets.

Navigation/ boat communication

The market improvement subprojects by no means will affect navigation/boat communication facilities. Rather, some of the proposed sub-projects will have construction component like, boat landing station/platform for smooth transportation of produces through navigational route. Moreover, renovation works of some damaged bridges and culverts as well as construction of new ones under the road sub-projects, will provide scopes for increased boat communication facilities with benefit on marketing of rural agricultural products in the project.

Employment opportunities

The proposed market improvement works are expected to generate significant employment opportunities for the local people during the construction stage. This is in direct conformity with the concept of stakeholder and beneficiary participation, which is central to the design of the Project. Besides, improved roads will increase accessibility of the rural areas, and will thus have a cascade effect of encouraging commercial activities along the roads and in the


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connecting growth centre markets, and providing for long-term income-generating opportunities.

Access of goods to markets

Access road, landing station/platform, paved sheds, etc., construction components of growth centre and rural market subprojects are expected to bring potential positive impacts in terms of accessibility of local produce goods to the markets. Economic activities, including local trade and commerce, will be stimulated by these improved opportunities, which in turn, will help in rural poverty amelioration - a principal development objective of the CCRIP.

Traffic

Better trading facilities in improved growth centres and markets along with bitumen surfaced roads will facilitate increased traffic of both motorized and non-motorized transport modes. So, there will be a high positive impact on traffic movement. Negative impacts of increased traffic relate to the hazards for pedestrians, cycle rickshaw/ vans, and cattle. However, appropriate safety measures can adequately deal with this type of adverse impact.

Cultural features

Upgrading of facilities in growth centres and rural markets is unlikely to have any negative impact on cultural features like, worship places, burial grounds and historical sites. Modern toilet facilities in market places will introduce cleanliness and hygienic culture for the users.

Landscape/ Aesthetics

The growth centre and rural market development works together with tree plantations in the free spaces will greatly enhance the visual landscape and aesthetic quality of the subprojects as well as entire region.

Growth Centre market improvements

Environmental issues related to growth centre/rural market subprojects primarily relate to sanitation, safe drinking water, drainage, waste disposal, internal & access road conditions, and status of selling area. The current status of the market infrastructures is very poor and totally inadequate. Sanitation facilities are unhygienic and mostly non-existent. The improvement of physical infrastructure in and around the existing growth centres/ markets will have high positive impact on the general environment.


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6 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES/OPTIONS

The project aims to mainstream climate risk reduction into policy formulation and infrastructure development planning; capacity development to increase understanding of current and emerging climate risks and promote resilient decisions at central and local planning levels; and the demonstration of ways to effectively ‘climate-proof’ infrastructure with a view to systematically develop and apply climate-resilient building codes and standards. A central element of the project is to examine climate change related risks with local communities and officials, and to make the experiences gained from the climate-proofing of critical infrastructure work for vulnerability reduction at all levels, using entry points of policy and regulatory revisions as well as climate-resilient development planning. Beside these, adaptation in terms of raising the height and strength of existing roads, and protecting the roads from damages due to climate change is essential from economic and social points of view. Specific affected water–related road infra-structural components are: flood proofing of roads, raising of coastal embankments with concrete top to be used as roads, water management for the road-crossing water-courses, etc. In addition, there would be requirement of repairing and maintenance of existing vulnerable rural infrastructures.

Due to construction of an extensive network of rural road by LGED, the hydrological regime of many low lying areas has changed. In addition to that protecting the land from flooding and river erosion, BWDB has constructed high embankments and polders in and around the LGED built rural infrastructures. As part of a future strategy, either LGED or BWDB should consider collecting more data to allow for identifying future climate change effects. Hydrological analysis may be required at design stage for constructing climate change resilience road embankment and other rural infrastructure. Care should be taken for the protection of the embankment due to possible rise of water level for climate change. The most vulnerable part is its slope. Protecting the slope by turfing with vegetation like grass is also good and inexpensive option. The other important aspect of embankment is that the soil should be compacted properly.


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7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

In the IEE studies of the proposed road and market subprojects, the IEE teams carried out consultations with local communities and related stakeholders during the field surveys to scope out any public concerns and encourage suggestions for subproject design. The public consultation was carried out from November, 2014 through January, 2015 as part of the field works. Some of the photographs in respect of stakeholders’ consultation meetings are presented in Sections 3.5-3.6 of this report. Public Consultation was done using various tools including, formal/informal discussion with Union Parishad chairpersons and members, Government officials and other stakeholders. During the transect walk, consultations were held with the UP officials and villagers. Also during the reconnaissance survey and site visits, discussions were carried out informally drawing people into dialogue to obtain an overview of likely impacts and concerns of the community. Consultation was held at several locations in proposed market places and along the rural roads alignment covering areas where public activity was intense. The institutional level consultations were held with representatives of institutions having stakes in implementation of the project. The institutions contacted included agriculture, fisheries, forest department, local DOE etc.

The participants generally appreciated the rural roads and markets upgrading; they realized the overall benefits to the community resulting from project development; they were aware of the increased facility for marketing of local produces, better access, less travel time in commuting after project implementation; and emphasized better management of traffic and necessary noise barriers at educational and health facilities during construction. However, some of the participants had a fear that construction of rural roads with new alignment may alter natural drainage pattern in the area and may cause flooding and water logging in the agriculture fields if adequate cross drainage structures are not provided. The loss of fertile land will deteriorate their income sources. They stressed the safety issues; the women participants raised the issue of their children’s safety.

Some people were concerned about the land requirements of the project and impact on their agriculture land. They were also of the view that community should be consulted before the road designs are finalized. It was explained to the people there will be minimum land acquisition since the activities would be carried out in the existing land under use by the proposed subprojects. However, in case contractor will need land for temporary office and storage the contractor will be required to negotiate directly with the land owners. Respondents were of the opinion that trees cutting should be avoided or minimized. Some villagers expected additional plantation should be done. Separate consultation sessions were organized by social team to identify issues pertaining to health specifically for sexually transmitted diseases. The people demanded that locals should be given preference in employment during project implementation.

The environmental assessment process under the ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement requires the disclosure of the IEE in an accessible place and language to the public during the completion of the IEE. The LGED will provide before undertaking the construction a Bengali version of a summary IEE in public places with providing relevant environmental information, including information from the documents as above in a timely manner, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. For illiterate people other suitable communication methods will be used. The LGED will also organize meeting/seminar in the locality to inform people effectively as needed during project implementation. This process will be concluded with the EU providing copies of the IEE for display at the district and Upazila level during the same period when the IEE is disclosed on the ADB website.


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8 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

To facilitate the resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances about the social and environmental performance of the project, a grievance redress mechanism is established which aims to provide a time bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns. The EU of LGED has established a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental performance. The grievance mechanism will be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It will address affected people's concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to the country’s judicial or administrative remedies. The affected people will be appropriately informed about the mechanism.

The project management Office (PMO) and PIOs will make the public aware of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) through public awareness campaigns. The Bengali version of Summary IEE or the project information brochure will include the contact phone number of the respective PIOs and the PMU will serve as a hotline for complaints, In addition, the GRC contact details shall be publicized through the media and placed on notice boards outside their offices and at construction sites. The project information brochure will include information on the GRM and shall be widely disseminated throughout the corridor by the safeguards officers in the PMO and PIOs. Grievances can be filed in writing or by phone with any member of the PMO or PIO.

Under the GRM, a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be formed with involvement of local stakeholders. The APs will be appropriately informed about the mechanism by the INGO. This GRC will help the APs to save time and money instead of proceeding for legal process which may be a lengthy procedure. To ensure that the GRM will be able to redress grievances within a short time at nominal cost, the Grievance Redress Committee members will comprise field level SMO officers, AP’s and public representatives. The GRC costs will mainly relate to communication, stationeries, etc. which would be covered by the RP’s contingency budget or a specifically allocated lump sum. The EA shall ensure that the GRC is working impartially through monitoring GRC activities on a regular basis.

Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) will be established for each subproject or group of subprojects with social and environmental impacts, to ensure stakeholders’ participation in the implementation process. Through public consultations, the APs will be informed that they have a right to grievance redress from the LGED. The APs can also call upon the support of the INGO engaged to implement the RP to assist them in presenting their grievances or queries to the GRC. Other than disputes relating to ownership right and award of compensation by the Deputy Commissioner under the court of law, GRCs will review grievances involving all environmental, resettlement assistances, relocation and other supports. Grievances are to be redressed within 21 days from the date of lodging the complaints.

The GRCs are to be formed and activated during the implementation process to allow APs sufficient time to lodge complaints and safeguard their recognized interests.

Any AP wishing to lodge a complaint will be supported by the project. Assistance will be given to document and record the complaint, and if necessary, provide advocate services to address the GRC.

Any complaints of ownership or other suits, are to be resolved by the judicial system, not by GRCs. All APs can access the legal process at any time, without having to proceed through the Project GRM.


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8.1 Grievance Redress Committees GRCs will be formed for each subproject or group of subprojects to deal with grievances involving environmental aspects. This committee will also deal with resettlement benefits, relocation, and other assistance. A gazette notification on the formation and scope of the GRCs had been made already from the Ministry of LGRD. Accordingly, a small booklet outlining the whole procedure of GRC in Bangla had been circulated to the stakeholders in the project area. The GRC for a subproject comprises as follows:

- Upazila Engineer, SMO, LGED – Convener; - Team Leader, RP Implementing NGO- Member Secretary; - Concerned U P Chairman or his designated U P member – Member; - Woman UP member of the concerned UP – Member;- - One representative of APs – Member

Procedures for resolving grievances are described in the Table below.

8.2 Grievance Redress Procedures

Step-1 An AP has a grievance about any part of the environmental aspects, and finds that it cannot be resolved.

Step-2 The AP approaches the INGO field level officials for clarification. The INGO will provide clarification to the AP as per RP within 1 day.

Step-3 If not resolved in 2, The AP approaches to the GRC. INGO staff will assist the AP in producing the complaints and organize hearing within 21 days of receiving the complaints.

Step-4 GRC to scrutinize applications and cases are referred to DC through EA if beyond their mandate.

Step-5 If within the mandate, GRC sessions held with aggrieved AP, minutes recorded. If resolved, the Project Director approves.

Step-6 If not resolved: The AP may accept GRC decision, if not, he/she may file a case to the court of law for settlement.

Step-7 The GRC minutes, approved by the Project Director, are received at the Convener’s Office. The approved verdict is communicated to the complainant AP in writing.

APs will be able to submit their grievance/complaint about any aspect of EMP. Grievances can be shared with the LGED verbally or in written form, but in case of the verbal form, the INGO representatives in the GRC shall write it down in the first instance during the meeting at no cost to APs. The APs will sign and formally submit the grievance to the GRC at the respective office of the INGO.


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8.3 Grievance Redress Flow Chart

Aggrieved Persons

Application submitted to

GRC through INGO

Scrutinizing of

Complaints by GRC

GRC members:

LGED Representative

•INGO Representative

• LGI Representative

• APs Representative

Referred to DC

Complaints under

Arbitration or

Existing LA Law

Not under Arbitration or

Law

to be settled as per RP policy

Not

Redressed

GRC Hearing within 21days of

Lodging the claim Redressed

Recommendation for

Compensation

Claim

PD for

Approval

INGO for Payment

Seeking Legal

Settlement

Decision

Accepted

District Judge


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9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

9.1 Environmental Monitoring EMP is an important tool to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures for minimizing adverse impacts and maximizing the beneficial impacts. Environmental monitoring generates useful information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures. The more important short term mitigation measures will include dry season construction work, erosion control from earthworks, careful location of borrow pits, temporary provision for drainage to avoid drainage blockage/congestion, water logging and localized flooding; and traffic diversion, sanitation and hygienic provisions for the construction workers, and safe storage/transportation of construction materials. Long term mitigation measures will include inter-alia efficient soil compaction, intensive scheme of roadside and market premises tree plantation, ensuring 1:1.5 ratio for the road and embankment slopes, rehabilitation of borrow pits by the contractors, careful design of cross drainage structures to allow flood water passage and prevent water-logging, minimizing agricultural land loss and prompt compensation for any acquisition, and adequate number of road safety signs and markings at vulnerable or hazardous sections.

Field investigations revealed that none of the impact issues will produce high degree of negative environmental effect. The potential short-term negative impacts relate to soil erosion, removal of strips of vegetation comprising bushes of shrubs and grasses, water logging or drainage congestion, air and water pollution, navigation and traffic/road safety. There is no loss of agricultural lands and resettlement issues involved in any of the proposed road and market improvement sub-projects. These have to be addressed through five sequential stages of the project cycle, viz., design, contracting, construction, supervision, and operation and maintenance. Most long-term adverse impacts can be mitigated by giving special emphasis on maintenance.

There is no tree removal and significant land acquisition in any of the subprojects. The negative impacts are drainage congestion, pollution and road safety as well as short term (construction phase) effects which can be mitigated through appropriate measures, monitoring programs and fulfillment of institutional requirements. Table 2 shows summary of environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measure.


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Table 2: Summary of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

S.No. Action Resource Impact Mitigation Location Responsibility

Cost Implementation Monitoring

Impacts on air quality and noise during construction

1 Excavating, grading, finishing

Dust, fumes and noise in the vicinity of the work site Temporary damage to adjacent land use and exposure to air and noise pollutants

Reduce ambient dust levels by regular spraying of water on exposed earth in construction zone near settlement areas where there is potential for human exposure Remove construction debris and spoil piles regularly Impose traffic controls to reduce public exposure, Cover transport vehicles

Construction zones for rural roads and markets

Contractor with guidance from Supervising Engineer

Environmental Consultant and DOE

Included in cost of construction contract implementation.

2 Use of quarries and borrow pits

Air and noise pollution

Spraying of water in quarrying areas and proper covering of vehicles carrying quarried materials

Quarries and construction sites as well as haulage roads



Included in cost of construction contract implementation

3 Construction activity near community areas

Blocks access, disturbs daily life of community and produces noise, dust and congestion

Select haul routes around/ outside community areas Operate vehicles during restricted hours Introduce traffic controls to reduce contact between the public and construction activity Complete segments passing through populated areas before starting new construction

Construction office and construction zones for roads and markets





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4 Cement mixing, bitumen mixing and brick crushing

Noxious and objectionable odors and fumes as well as dust

Locate facilities at a sufficient distance from human receptors to eliminate the impact Conduct activities during daylight hours if there are communities nearby Water areas where dust accumulates regularly Locations for facilities approved by the LGED/ Consultant

Construction zone for roads and markets; brick crushing will allowed only in locations approved by Consultant




5 Operation of construction equipment, machineries and vehicles

Air pollution from generation of harmful gases

Regular maintenance of all machinery, equipment and vehicles

Construction zone



Included in cost of construction Contract implementation

Impacts on Soil Resources during Detailed Design and Pre-construction

6 Identification of quarries and borrow pit locations and estimates of quantities of materials

Impacts from hauling and degraded roadway surfaces during construction. Hazard due to accident or slope failure during construction

Use quarry locations that identified and permitted by authority, or consider other options, in conjunction with the selected construction contractor but permit should be obtained from relevant authorities. Prepare development plan to estimate quantities and final contours

Design office Contractor with guidance from Supervising Engineer


Included in the construction cost


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7 Recommendation of techniques for excavation and earth cutting works

Excess cutting and use of poor techniques resulting in slope failure

Incorporate environment friendly construction techniques in the detailed design



Included in the construction cost

8 Clearing and grubbing before initiating construction works

Degradation of surface water quality. Soil loss from exposure to rain and flowing water, and increased sediment in rivers and streams

Stop land clearing and excavation in rainy periods. Use Log or boulder barriers at the base of slopes subject to erosion. Seed and stabilize slopes and embankments. Include costs for sediment control in the contract bid proposal

Construction areas



Included in cost of construction contract

9 Identification of disposal sites for construction debris

Improper disposal of construction debris resulting in scarred landscape

The cut and fill principle will be applied, therefore any construction waste will be disposed off at suitable locations/chainages with approval from Engineer on behalf of PIOs No dumping of disposed material or construction rubble into streams and rivers nearby. Designate specific chainages and suitable locations as disposal sites for safe disposal of construction debits.

Along ROW of road within the vicinity of market construction





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Impacts on Soil Resources during Construction 10 Cutting and

excavation of the road bed

Unstable slopes lead to soil loss

Introduce appropriate/ bioengineering techniques as recommended in detailed design to stabilize soils during construction and for finishing slopes

All along the road construction zones and market areas



Included in cost of design contract and construction bid estimate

11 Placement of roads parallel and transverse to canals/ rivers

Damage to roadway due to undercutting of road foundation

Place road embankments above highest water level by 800 mm to make it climate-resilient and use palisade for canal/ river training as given in detailed design and to prevent scouring

All portions of the road construction zones and markets beside canals/ rivers



Included in cost of design contract and construction bid estimate

12 Disposal of construction debris

Improper disposal of construction debris beside the road alignment and around the market place resulting in scarring of landscape and loss of aesthetic beauty

Prohibition of throwing of construction debris in any sites other than the designated disposal sites identified at the detailed design stage

Construction zones




13 Local flooding during construction/reconstruction of culverts or bridges

Temporary diversion of water flow due to works for replacing or reconstruction of culverts and bridges

Pumping water to ensure water will not stagnant or make local flooding

Construction zones

Contractors with guidance from supervising engineer




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14 Operation of equipment storage and repair yards, and fuel depots

Oily waste is improperly disposed of; fuel is spilled and poor housekeeping causes soil and water pollution.

Install secondary containment around fuel tanks and at fueling stations. Prevent oil and fuel spills, control runoff from contaminated areas.

Equipment yards and fueling stations




15 Closure of equipment yards and camps

Failure to render a site clean and safe at the end of use poses both a sanitary & safety hazard

Remove above-grade structures, clean up construction camp debris and backfill latrines; grade, vegetate the area with tree planting

Construction and labor camps




Impacts on Soil Resources during Operation

16 Operation of roadways and market places

Landslides/rain cuts and other erosion issues

Adoption of appropriate engineering and bioengineering structures and techniques

Specific road sections and areas of market

Maintenance by LGED and Market Management Committee (MMC)

XEN, LGED and MMC

Cost to be borne by LGED maintenance fund and Market beneficiaries

Impacts on Water Resources and Water Quality during Detailed Design 17 Recommend

ation and design of structures for enabling proper drainage

Extreme meteorological conditions due to climate change may exceed capacity of structures, erode slopes and destroy

Take into account cost and historical rainfall data to determine size of structures, stability of slopes and height of roadway embankment


PMO, LGED Included in the cost of design contract


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under all weather conditions

pavement, structures

18 Excavation and cutting works

Disposal of excavated materials on nearby streams and rivers causing excess sedimentation, creation of temporary dams (and hence small floods thereafter), disturbances to aquatic ecology

Use of log barriers or boulder barriers at the base of slopes to hold any excavated material that may fall. No dumping of excavated material or construction rubble into streams and rivers nearby. Reuse of excavated material as far as possible and disposal of unwanted material in proper designated sites.

Construction zone



Included in the cost of construction contract

19 Construction of road side drainage structures

Insufficient roadside drainage in community areas leads to flooding of adjacent property. Construction of improper drain would damage paddy fields in adjacent areas.

Develop downstream drainage channels to assure continuity of the drainage system. Construct proper lined drain particularly along the section that passes through paddy field at specific locations.

Construction zone

Construction contractor


Included in the cost of construction contract

20 Operation of roads

Plugging of culverts from debris during heavy downpours; channelization and damage to the roadway.

Maintain culverts and remove debris that interferes with the flow in culverts

Roadway locations

LGED maintenance programs

XEN, LGED LGED maintenance fund


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21 Operation of markets

Dumping of solid waste from markets destroy water quality of adjacent ponds and canals

Proper management of solid waste of markets including arrangement for barrel composting

Markets developed under CCRIP

MMC and LGED maintenance program

XEN, LGED LGED maintenance fund and contribution from beneficiaries of market

Impacts on trees and vegetation during Pre-construction 22 Land

clearing for roadways

Clearing of the non-economic vegetation (strips of shrubs and jungles)

No removal of trees will occur Construction ROW of roads and market place designated for development.


Environmental Consultant and DOE, representative from MOEF

Cost is included in construction contract implementation

23 Land clearing for roadways and development of market area

No plant removal Plantation in the roadside ROW of roads and market place designated for development


Environmental Consultant and DOE, representative from MOEF

Cost is included in construction contract implementation

24 Clearing right-of-way

The roads are considered for improvement for traffic movement and there is no widening

Maintain minimum construction right-of-way, no tree removal. Prohibit disposal of spoil materials and any other forms of construction debris over the sides of the roadway and adjacent area of market.

Construction ROW for roads and areas for development of markets



No cost


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25 Operation of Workers camps

Workers fish, hunt and gather firewood; destruction of biological resources

Prohibit fishing, hunting and gathering of firewood among workers. Provide construction camps with food supplies from purchased stores. Provide firewood for warmth from legitimate sources or stockpiled from materials cleared from the roadway construction zone.

Jobsites and labor camps


Environmental Consultant

Cost included in construction contract implementation

26 Operation of roads and markets

Failure in bioengineering structures installed during construction Poor seedling survival rate or regeneration rate under compensatory tree plantation and vegetation activities to be carried out in construction stage

Adoption of alternate bioengineering or engineering measures. Regular watering and monitoring of seedling survival and re-vegetation and taking of appropriate measures such as fencing, preventing of cattle to eat freshly planted seedlings.

Road ROW and market places

LGED maintenance schemes

PMO, LGED Cost to be borne by LGED, GOB

Impacts on Socioeconomic Environment

Impacts on Labor Rights during Construction

27 Employment of labor

Rigorous living and working conditions affect workers’ health

Provide laborers and others resident at the site lodging in a camp setting outside of any danger zone, food service facilities, safe drinking water, adequate washing

Labor camps Construction contractor


Cost is included in the construction contract


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and bathing facilities for maintaining personal hygiene, and access to health care

28 Set up of construction camps

Sanitary waste and litter degrade local environment around construction camps

Camp facilities should be located at a distance from nearby communities. Provide sanitary facilities (dry pit or pour flush latrines) for workers and arrange for disposal of solid waste in accordance with local practice

Construction and labor camps




29 Operation of construction camps

Threat of HIV/AIDS and other STDs

HIV/AIDS awareness-raising campaign among the construction workers and in the nearby communities.

Construction and labor camps and local community




Public Liability of Contractors and Damage to Local Infrastructure during Construction

30 Water supply disruption (Targeted impacts during construction)

Water supply systems along road section a are put out of commission during construction, disadvantaging local people

Devise a plan with necessary design features to assure these water sources are maintained during construction and left in as good or better condition after construction is complete. Provide prior notice of two weeks to the communities regarding possible disturbance and have measure to provide alternative supply such as via mobile tank during temporary disruption

Jobsites in road and market implementation





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31 Disruption of foot path or mule tracks (Targeted Impacts during construction)

Passage is impaired for people with no alternative path of access to homes, schools and public facilities

Maintain a safe and accessible pathway for both children and adults that need to pass through the area during the period of construction

Beside the road alignments and inside the market under implementation




Impacts on Archeological Remains during Construction

32 Construction excavation: archaeology

Damage to archeological monuments and unearthed evidence.

Halt nearby work upon discovery of archeological relics. Notify LGED to contact relevant government authority to investigate and undertake recovery. Work to remain halted at the specific location until recovery is complete.

Construction zone





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10 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP

PMO will be responsible to ensure adherence and implementation of the EMP at all stages of works by the contractors. An environmental consultant will assist PMO to undertake following tasks:

• Review of project design and specifications to ensure their adequacy and feasibility with respect to the implementation of EMP and or Environmental Code of Practices (ECoP).

• Collection and dissemination of relevant environmental documents including amendments to environmental protection acts issued by the various agencies, namely, ADB, DOE and local bodies;

• Interact with the counterpart of the Contractor(s), review work progress/plans and ensure implementation of the EMP;

• Co-ordination with the nongovernment organizations (NGOs), community groups and Government departments on environmental issues, provide clarifications/and obtain clearances during project implementation if any;

• Monitoring sensitive environmental attributes during construction to ensure that the suggested mitigation measures in the EMP are implemented;

• Documentation of the environmental management/monitoring activities for the regular project implementation progress report;

• Conducting environmental training/awareness programs for the contractors, the project implementation personnel and the communities; and

• Provide progress in implementing EMP and Monitoring report (table 3) as part of the project quarterly progress report, and provide a stand-alone annual environmental monitoring report to ADB.

The Environmental Unit (EU) of LGED is now headed by a Superintending Engineer. EU has two full-time positions at present: one Executive Engineer and one Assistant Engineer. EU will be expanded into a team of environmental scientists/engineers with provision for mid- and junior level environmental scientists. The EU will also play a proactive role in environmental monitoring during project implementation as well as in undertaking post-project evaluation of projects in order to assess environmental compliance and develop future strategies on the basis of `lessons learned’. The EU will also be entrusted with the task of organizing and administering training modular courses for the LGED staff and other stakeholders on environmental assessment and monitoring, social impact assessment, and public consultation/participation.

The LGED through its PMO is responsible to implement the overall EMP. However, during the construction stage, the contractors are responsible to mitigate all environmental impacts related with the construction activities. In this context, the EMP will be included into the Bidding Documents (BD) of all the construction packages.


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Table 3: Environmental Monitoring Control Matrix – Construction Phase

Environmental Attributes / Project Actions

Mitigation measures (for detail description refer to EMAP of IEE)

Monitoring Frequency During construction

Setting out & clearing RoW

Archaeological evidence/ idols/ tombs if noticed/ found – inform Archaeological Department

Weekly

Traffic Diversions &

Sign Boards

Diversions to be smooth sign boards in place, clear & bold particularly in night & cause least inconvenience to road users

Weekly

Borrow Areas Seek prior approval from local environmental regulatory agencies and compliance at all stages of operations. After borrowing ensure re-vegetation, drainage, erosion protection as per EMAP

Monthly

Work sites Comply with local Environmental regulations for air quality, noise, occupational hazard & safety procedures at all stages of work

Weekly

Ground water level in and around construction tube wells

Bore wells shall be away from human settlements; determine sustainable yield and restrict withdrawal of water within yield recommended for region.

Monitor depth of water below ground level in wells in and around construction tube wells before start and after completion of water withdrawal for the day

Monthly

Construction Equipment/Vehicles

Ensure vehicles are regularly maintained; have pollution under control certificates revalidated every month

Quarterly

Noise at all operational

Areas

Record noise levels at every 5 minutes for 24 hours (both day time & night time)

Monthly

Top soil from land clearing operations

Preserve and restore the topsoil. If cannot be used for restoration, divert for other applications like re-vegetation, embankment turfing and alike

Weekly

Hot Mix Plants Located at least 1.5 km from settlements, barren land and not agricultural lands. Monitor air quality, waste discharge and noise levels regularly as mentioned under Sl. No. 10, 11 above. Ensure all operations comply with local environmental Regulations

Quarterly


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Environmental Attributes / Project Actions

Mitigation measures (for detail description refer to EMAP of IEE)

Monitoring Frequency During construction

POL (liquid & solid waste) /Hazardous Storage Areas

POL storage areas have impervious lining, containment ditches, oil & grease traps as per EMAP. Regular inspection &

Maintenance. Comply all local environmental regulations

Weekly

Soil erosion and conservation

Borrow areas shall have gentle slopes connected to nearby natural water bodies, re-vegetated

Monthly

Channel / River beds

Ensure most activities are scheduled for dry months reshaping of channel bed after completion of construction

Monthly

Water Supply Sanitation & Health at camp sites

Adequate water supply as per norms septic tanks and soak away pits. Kerosene and LPG supply, health care facilities vaccination for work force camps

Weekly

Construction of Noise Barriers

Consult affected parties like hospitals, educational institutions for eliciting opinion during constructing barriers

Quarterly


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11 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The potential environmental impacts of the nine roads and eighteen markets i.e., a total of twenty seven sub-projects of CCRIP in Barisal Region are insignificant and temporary. The assessed impacts will mostly occur only during the construction period. All the potential adverse environmental impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level by proper implementation of the proposed measures as stated in the EMP. The widening and strengthening of the road network by creating additional road capacity between different points of the road network will improve operational efficiency and can act as an effective mechanism for reducing economic and environmental costs of the road stretches. The growth centre and rural market improvement sub-projects will facilitate marketing and trading of local produces and boost economy of the local people. The project will bring considerable improvement to possible exposure levels of population when compared with no project scenario. The benefits from the implementation of the proposed subprojects are more significant and long term in nature compared with the adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. The institutional requirements for implementation of mitigation measures have been identified and monitoring is elaborated in the EMP. Several actions and measures are suggested to strengthen the in-house capacity of the LGED in dealing with environmental issues with special reference to the climate change impacts.

It is concluded that implementation of the subprojects are not expected to lead to significant adverse impacts on the environment if appropriate mitigation measures (both protective and compensatory) are considered with adequate environmental monitoring. Further environmental assessment of the subprojects to EIA level is not required. The subprojects are environmentally cleared and can go ahead with implementation.