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Asutosh College Post Graduate Department of Geography
Structure of the Proposed M.A./M.Sc. Syllabus
Session: 2015-2016
Total Marks : 1000
Theoretical Paper: 650marks
Practical Paper: 350 marks
** Internal Assessment in the Theory Papers
Laboratory Note book and Viva-voce in the Practical Papers
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Subject
Marks
Total Theory/ Practical
Internal Assessment/ Laboratory
Note book and Viva-voce **
I
01 Th History of Geographical Thought 40 10 50
02 Th Geomorphology 40 10 50
03 Th Hydrology and Oceanography 40 10 50
04 Th Population and Settlement Geography
40 10 50
05 Pr Techniques in Geography 40 10 50
II
06 Th Climate and Climatic Hazards 40 10 50
07 Th Soil, Bio-geography and Environmental Issues in Geography
40 10 50
08 Th Economic Geography 40 10 50
09 Pr Statistical Methods 40 10 50
10 Pr Remote Sensing, Aerial Photo and GIS
40 10 50
III
11 Th Social, Cultural and Political Geography
40 10 50
12 Th Regional Entity of India with Special Reference to West Bengal
40 10 50
13 Th Regional Development and Resource Management
40 10 50
14 Pr Field Report+ Surveying 40 10 50
15 Pr Quantitative Techniques 40 10 50
IV
16 Th Research Methodology 40 10 50
17 Th Special paper - Theory 40 10 50
18 Th Special paper - Theory 40 10 50
19 Pr Special Paper - Practical 40 10 50
20 Pr Dissertation + Map Projection 40 10 50
10 marks
MODULE- 1
HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT (FULL MARKS: 50)
UNIT -1: DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT
1.1. Evolution of geographical knowledge in Ancient and Medieval period; Dark age in
Geography; Impact of Renaissance on geographical knowledge
1.2. Place of geography in the classification of knowledge after Verenius and Kant.
1.3. Foundation of Modern Geography: Humboldt and Ritter; Contribution of different schools of
thought in Modern Geography.
1.4. History of development of Geographical Thought.
UNIT- 2: PARADIGM SHIFT AND DICHOTOMIES IN GEOGRAPHY
2.1. Concept of Paradigm in geography; Paradigm Shift in geography.
2.2. Positivism and Quantitative Revolution; Post Positivism: Behavioural and Radical
geographies.
2.3. Dichotomy and Dualism in geography: Physical vs. Human, Regional vs. Systematic,
Determinism vs. Possibilism, Inductive vs. Deductive.
2.4. Hartshorne- Schaefer debate.
UNIT-3: EMERGENCE OF CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES
3.1. Impact of world wars and development of geography in the second half of 20th Century.
3.2. Modernism and Post-modernism in geography.
3.3. Feminist geography: space, place and identity-concepts and evolution.
3.4. Geography of Gender.
UNIT- 4 : CHANGING TRENDS AND CONTEMPORARY IDEAS IN GEOGRAPHY
4.1. Geography of Inequality, Humanistic Geography, Welfare Geography.
4.2. Geography of Colonialism.
4.3. Man-Environment Relations: Neo-environmentalism, Revival of Ecological Studies, Human,
Social and Urban Ecology.
4.4. Indian Geography since 1950; Future of Indian Geography: problems and prospects.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Abler, Ronald; Adams, John S. Gould, Peter, 1971: Spatial Organization: The Geographer’s
View of the World, Prentice Hall, N.J.
Ali, S. M. 1966: The Geography of Puranas, Peoples Publishing House, Delhi.
Ambrose, P. Analytical Human Geography.
Amedeo, Douglas, 1971: An Introduction to Scientific Reasoning in Geography, John Wiley,
U.S.A.
Annals of Association of American Geographers Vol.69. No.3, 1979.
Blunden, J., Hagget P., Hamnett C. & Sarre P. Ed., Fundamentals of Human Geography: A
reader.
Brown, E.H. (Ed): Geography, yesterday and tomorrow.
Coffey, William J., Geography towards general spatial systems approach.
Cox, K. R. & Colledge R.C.: Behavioural problems in Geography revisited.
Cox, K. R. : Man; Location and Behaviour: An Introduction to Human Geography,
Dickinson, R. E.; The makers of modern Geography.
Dikshit, R. D. (Ed.) 1994: The Art & Science of Geography Integrated Readings, Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi.
Gould, J. R: An introduction to Behavioural Geography
Hagget, Peter; Geography: A modern synthesis.
Hagget, Peter; Locational analysis in Human Geography.
Hartshorne, R, 1959: Perspectives on Nature of Geography, Rand McNally & Co.
Hartshorne, R.; The Changing nature of Geography.
Harvey, David, Explanation in Geography
Husain, Majid; 1984: Evolution of Geographical Thought, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
James, P. E.; All possible world: A history of Geographical Ideas.
Jensen, A. H.; Geography its history and concepts.
Johnston, R. J., 1983: Philosophy and Human Geography, Edward Arnold, London.
Johnston, R. J., 1988: The Future of Geography, Methuen, London.
Johnston, R. J.; 1945: Geography and geographers: Anglo American Human Geography.
Jones, Emrys, Human Geography.
Minshull, Roger, 1970: The Changing Nature of Geography, Hutchinson University Library,
London.
Minshull, Roger, Regional Geography: Theory and Practice.
New Zealand Journal of Geography - No.61, Oct. 1976.
Peet, Richard, Radical Geography: Alternative view points on Contemporary Social issues.
Smith, D. M., Human Geography: A Welfare approach .
Taylor, Griffith, Geography in the twentieth century.
MODULE- 2
GEOMORPHOLOGY (FULL MARKS: 50)
UNIT -1: CONCEPTS IN GEOMORPHOLOGY
1.1. Time and scale in Geomorphology; Geomorphic Systems.
1.2. Simulation Modelling; Morphogenetic regions.
1.3. Gravity Anomaly and Isostasy.
1.4. Plate Tectonics as a united theory of global tectonics.
UNIT- 2: FLUVIAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.1. River Hydraulics: Flow and energy; Hydraulic geometry of streams.
2.2. Channel initiation, network development and valley formation.
2.3. Fluvial morphodynamics, channel classification.
2.4. Field techniques in fluvial geomorphology.
UNIT-3: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
3.1. Weathering and landforms of humid tropics.
3.2. Periglacial process and landforms.
3.3. Coastal morphodynamics.
3.4. Slope processes and models.
UNIT-4: APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY
4.1. Application of Geomorphic knowledge in Dams and Embankment construction.
4.2. Landslide and Earthquake: vulnerability, consequences and management.
4.3. Coast and river bank erosion: vulnerability, consequences and management.
4.4. Integrated Coastal Management, storm surges and tsunamis.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Ahmed, E., 1985, Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Ahmed, E., 1972, Coastal Geomorphology of India,Orient Longman.
Chorley, R., Schumm, S. and Sugden, D.E. 1994. Geomorphology, Methuen, London.
Cook and Doorncamp. 1988. Geomorphology in Environment Management, London
Dayal, P., 1995, A Text Book of Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot. Patna
Faniran, A. and Jeje, L.K. 1983. Humid Tropical Geomorphology, Longman, London
Fairbridge, R.W., 1968, The Encyclopaedia of Geomorphology, (Edge), Rainhold Book Corporation, New York
Kale, V.S. and Gupta, A. 2001. Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient Longman Ltd., Hyderabad
Knighton, D.1998 : Fluvial Forms and Processes: A New Perspective, Arnold, London
King, L.C., 1965 Morphology of the Earth, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Leopold,L.B., et al, 1964, Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology, Eurasia Publishing House, New Delhi.
Mitchell, C.W 1991. Terrain Evaluation, 2nd edition, Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow
Morisawa, M. (editor) 1994. Geomorphology and Natural Hazards, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Morisawa, M. 1985. Rivers, Longman, London.
Melhorn, W.N. and R. C. Flemal, 1975, Theories of Landform Development, George Alen and Unwin.
Ollier, C.D. 1981: Tectonic Geomorphology, Longman Scientific & Technical, London.
Petts, G. and Foster, I. 1985. Rivers and Landscapes, Edward Arnold, London.
Petts, G.E. and Amoros, C. (editors) 1996. Fluvial Hydrosystems, Chapman and Hall, London.
Rice, R.J. 1988. Fundamentals of Geomorphology, 2nd edition, Longman Scientific and Technical, London.
Selby, M.J. 1985. An Introduction to Geomorphology, Clarendon, Oxford.
Sharma, H.S. 1987. Tropical Geomorphology : A Morphogenetic Study of Rajashan, South Asia Books, Jaipur.
Starkel, L. and Basu, S. 2000 Rains, Landslides and Floods in the Darjeeling Himalaya, Indian National Science academy, New Delhi.
Summerfield, M.A. (Editor) 1991. Global Geomorphology : An Introduction to the Study of Landforms, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York.
Sing S., 2000, Geomorphology, Prayag Pustak Bhavan
Thornbury, W.D. 1969. Principles of Geomorphology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
Tinkler, 1985. A Short History of Geomorphology, Croom Helm Ltd., Beckenham.
Valdiya, K.S. 1998. Dynamic Himalaya, University Press (India) Ltd., Hyderabad.
Wilson, J.P. and Gallant, J.C. (editors) 2000. Terrain Analysis : Principles and Applications, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. New York.
Wirthmann, A. 2000. Geomorphology of the Tropics, Translated by Busche, D. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Wooldridge, S.W., 1965, An Outline of Geomorphology, Longman
MODULE-3
HYDROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY (50 marks)
UNIT- 1: HYDROLOGY
1.1. Hydrological Cycle: Systems approach in Hydrology, Human impact on hydrological cycle; Hydrological input and output.
1.2 Water Footprint: concept and utilities and role in water management; measurement and time space characteristics of water balance, assessment of water requirement.
1.3. Groundwater: Depletion and water quality parameters, contamination of ground water with special reference to arsenic contamination in West Bengal.
1.4. Urban Hydrology: Approach – effects of urbanisation on Run-off; Urban Runoff Model; Urban Hydrograph Model.
UNIT- 2: OCEANOGRAPHY
2.1. Bottom relief of oceans: Classification and origin.
2.2. Bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
2.3. Coral reefs: Classification, formation and vulnerability.
2.4. Tides and Global oceanic circulation.
UNIT- 3: MARINE RESOURCES AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT
3.1. Physical and chemical properties of ocean water; T-S diagram.
3.2. Marine biological environment: biogeochemical cycle in the ocean, bio-zones, types of
organisms, plankton, nekton and benthos, food and mineral resources of the sea.
3.3. Law of the sea; Importance of EEZ and CRZ.
3.4. Sea level change: Periodicity causes and impacts.
UNIT 4: WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
4.1. Water Pollution: sources, types, causes and impact assessment.
4.2. Water Resource problems: water demand and supply, interstate water dispute, water rights
and policies, institutional and financial constrains.
4.3. Flood and drought management strategies with special reference to Indian Subcontinent; eco-
hydrological consequences of environmental degradation.
4.4. Water conservation techniques with special reference to improvised rainwater harvesting
techniques in hills, semi-arid and coastal zones in India; Artificial rain making and Integrated
Basin Management.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Chow, V. T. (ed.) (1954): Handbook of Applied Hydrology: A Compendium of Water Resources
Technology. McGraw Hill, New York.
Critchfield, H. J. (2003): General Climatology. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
Rai, V.K. (1993): Water Resource Planning and Development, Deep and Deep Publication, New
Delhi
Bilas, R. (1988): Rural Water Resource Utilization and Planning. Concept Publishing .143 Company,
New Delhi.
Reddy, J. P. (1988): A Textbook of Hydrology. Laxmi Publication., New Delhi. 4th edition.
Singh, M. B. (1999): Climatology and Hydrology. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi. (In Hindi).
Singh, M. B. (2002): Physical Geography. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi. (In Hindi).
Ward, R.C. and Robinson, M. (2000): Principles of Hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York.
Davis, R.J.A. 1986, Oceanography – An Introduction of the Marine Environment,
Win C. Brown, Iowa.
King, C.A., Oceanography for Geographers, Edward Arnold Pub.
Murray, S.J., 1913, Ocean, A General account of the Science of the sea, Thorton Butter Worth,
London.
Siddhartha, K. 1999, Oceanography, A Brief Introduction, Kisalaya Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi..
Singh, S. 2002, Physical Geography, Prayag Pub., Allahabad.
Stahler, A. N. Stahler A.M., 1997, Geography and man’s Environment, John Wiley and Sons, New
York.
Thurnman, H.V., 1978, Introduction to oceanography, Charles E. Merrill Pub. Co., London.
Weyl, P.K. 1970, Oceanography an Introduction of the Marine Environment, John Wiley and Sons
Ltd., London.
Lal, D.S., 2005, Oceanography, Sarala Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.
Sharma, R.C. and M. Vatal, 1962, Oceanography for Geographers, Chaitanya Pblishing House.
MODULE- 4
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY (50 marks)
UNIT- 1 : POPULATION GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS
1.1. Changing approaches to Population Geography; Contemporary trends.
1.2. Population distribution, growth and determinants.
1.3. Population Dynamics: Fertility, Mortality and Morbidity: measurements, determinants and
distributions; migration and its determinants: trends and patterns of international and internal
migration.
1.4. Population quality: literacy, occupation and health; Concept of stationary, stable and optimum
population.
UNIT- 2 : POPULATION THEORIES, POLICIES AND PROBLEMS
2.1. Theories of Population Growth: Malthus, Marx, Saddler, Doubleday, Neo- Malthusian Approach.
2.2. Theories of Migration: Ravenstein, Lee; Mobility Transition Model: Policy response to
demographic changes.
2.3. Population Problems and Policies of India: unemployment, poverty, famine and malnutrition.
2.4. Concept and issues in Human and Gender Development; Women Empowerment and Gender Bias.
UNIT-3 : RURAL SETTLEMENTS
3.1. Census categories of settlement: size, function and morphology, rural urban divides.
3.2. Evolution and growth of rural settlement: World and India.
3.3. Rural Service Centre and Markets; Transportation and Linkage, Rural Community Development.
3.4. Rural house forms and types in different geographic environment in India; Problems of rural
settlement in India.
UNIT- 4 : URBAN SETTLEMENTS
4.1. Concept of Metropolis, Megalopolis, Ecumenopolis; Urban Hierarchy.
4.2. Theories of spacing of urban settlement, Central Place Theory, Urban Morphology: Classical and
neo-classical models.
4.3. Nature, trend and development of urbanisation in India; Primate City, Rank size rule, City Region.
4.4. Socio- environmental problems of urban settlement with particular reference to slums of India.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED Clarke, J.I. Population Geography, Oxford, 1973.
Chandna, R.C., A Geography of Population, Jallundhar, 2002.
Sundaram,K.V. & Nangia, S. (Eds.) Population Geography, Delhi, 1995.
Garnier, Beaujeu, J., Geography of Population, London, 1966.
Khan, J.H. Scio-Economic & Structural Analysis of Internal Migration, New D. 2010.
Bogue, Donald, J., Principles of Demography, New York, 1969.
Siddiqui, F.A, Regional Analysis of Population Structures; ND, 1984.
Smith, T., Fundamentals of Population Study, New York, 1960.
Trewartha, G.T.,A Geography of Population: World Patterns, NY. 1969.
United Nations, The Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends, Population
Studies, 17 UN., New York., Revised Edition.
Coontz, S.H., Population Theories and the Economic Interpretation.
Mitra, A., India's Population, Vols. I,II, Abhinav Pub., N.D., 1979.
Zelinsky, W., A Prologue to Population Geog. New Jersey, 1966.
Hornly,W.F., & Jones, M., An Introduction to Population Geography, London., 1980.
Jones, H.R., A Population Geography., London, 1981.
UNDP, Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
Woods, R. Population Analysis in Geography, Longman, London, 1979
Ambrose, Petir, Concepts in Geography, Vol., I, Settlement Pattern, Longman, 1970.
Hagget, Peter, Andrew D. Cliff and Allen Frey (edited), Location Models, Arnold Heinemann,
1979.
King, Leslie, J., Central Place Theory, Sage Pub., New Delhi, 1986.
Mayer, M. Harold and Clyde F. Kohn (editors), Reading in Urban Geography, Central Book Depot,
Allahabad, 1967.
Mitra, Ashok, Mukherjee, S and Bose R., Indian Cities, Abhinav Pub., New Delhi.
Ramacharandran, R., Urbanization and Urban Systems in India, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi, 1992.
Singh, R.L. and Kashi Nath Singh (editors), Readings in Rural Settlement Geography, National
Geographical Society of India, Varanasi, 1975.
.Prakasa, Rao, V.L.S., Urbanization in India; Spatial Dimensions, Concept Pub., Co. New Delhi,
1983
Census of India, House Types and Settlement Pattern of Villages in India, GOI, New Delhi, 1961
Beaujeu Garnier, J., Chabot, G.., Urban Geography, London, 1969.
Carter, Harold, The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold Publishers, London.
Dickinson, R.E., 1964, City and Region, Routledge, London.
Gibbs, J.P., Urban Research Methods, New Jersey, 1961
Hall, T., Urban Geography, London, 1988.
Johnson, J.H., 1967., Urban Geography: An Introductory Analysis, London.
Mayer, H.M. & Kohn, C.F., 1967, Readings in Urban Geography, Allahabad.
Murphy, R.E., 1966, The American city: An Urban Geography, Macgra Hill Book Co., New York
MODULE- 5
TECHNIQUES IN GEOGRAPHY (50 marks)
UNIT- 1: INTERPRETATION OF TOPOSHEET
1.1. Morphometric Measurement: Dissection Index, Ruggedness Index, Altimetric Frequency
Curves, Hypsometric Curve, Stream Sinuosity Index, Stream Ordering (Horton, Strahler).
1.2. Preparation of Block Diagram and Long and Cross Profile.
1.3. Study of Settlements: Settlement coverage and Settlement Hierarchy.
UNIT- 2: SOIL- WATER ANALYSIS
2.1 Laboratory analysis of Soil (physical): soil texture, soil moisture content.
2.2 Laboratory analysis of Soil (chemical):soil pH and soil conductivity.
2.3 Laboratory analysis of Water: pH, TSS and TDS, conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand.
UNIT- 3: STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA
3.1. Trend analysis from rainfall and temperature data.
3.2. Drawing of water table contour from water level data using Toposheet.
3.3. Measurement of pollution: Air, Noise and Water.
UNIT- 4: COMPUTER APPLICATION AND GNSS SURVEY
4.1. Conceptual framework of GNSS System, space segment, control segment and user segment.
4.2. Measurement of length between two waypoints, calculation of area and perimeter of the
generated polygon; Data downloading, import of GNSS data in Google Earth, generation of
maps/ polygon with GNSS.
4.3. Power Point Presentation and submission of a report.
UNIT- 5
Laboratory Note Book and Viva-voce
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Chaisman, N. 1992: Exploring Geographical Information Systems, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
New York:
Lillesand, T.M. and Kiefer, R. W. 1994: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 3rd edition,
John Wiley and Sons, New York
Marcolongo, B. And Mantorani, F. 1997: Photogeology: Remote Sensing Application in Earth
Science, Oxford and IBH Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Hallert, B. (1960): Photogrammetry, McGraw Hill Book Company Inc., New York.
Harry, C.A. (ed.) (1978): Digital Image Processing, IEEE Computer Society, California
Hord, R.M. (1982): Digital Image Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Academic Press, New
York.
Leuder, D.R. (1959): Aerial Photographic Interpretation: Principles and Application. McGraw
Hill, New York.
Spurr, R. (1960): Photogrammetry and Photo Interpretation, The Roland Press Company,
London.
Survey of India, (1973): Photogrammetry, Survey of India, Dehradun.
Cracknell, A. and Ladson, H. (1990): Remote Sensing Year Book. Taylor and Francis, London.
Curran, P.J. (1988): Principles of Remote Sensing. ELBS Longman, Essex, U.K.
Deekshatulu, B.L. and Rajan, Y.S. (ed.) (1984): Remote Sensing. Indian Academy of Science,
Bangalore.
Floyd, F. S. Jr. (1997): Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation. W.H. Freeman, New
York.
Rampal, K.K. (1999): Handbook of Aerial Photography and Interpretation. Concept Publishing
Company, New Delhi.
Reeves, R.G. (ed.) (1983): Manual of Remote Sensing. Vols. 1 and 2, American Society of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Falls Church, Virginia.
Siegel, B.S. and Gillespie, R. (1985): Remote Sensing in Geology. John Wiley and Sons, New
York.
Swain, P.H. and Davis, S.M. (ed.) (1978): Remote Sensing: The Quantitative Approach.
McGraw- Hill, New York.
Wolf P.R. and Dewitt, B. A. (2000): Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS.
McGraw-Hill, New York.
MODULE-6
CLIMATE AND CLIMATIC HAZARDS (50 marks)
UNIT- 1: CONCEPTS
1.1 Nature and scope of Climatology and its relationship with Meteorology.
1.2 Heat Budget and Heat-Balance of the earth.
1.3 Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds.
1.4 ENSO and Monsoon.
UNIT -2: CLIMATIC PHENOMENA
2.1. Stability and Instability of the atmosphere.
2.2. Ozone layer: creation, depletion, protection; Earth Summit, Kyoto Protocol and Copenhagen
Conference.
2.3. Air Pollution: sources, types, causes and impact; Acid Rain.
2.4. Air mass: origin, classification, characteristics; Air mass as control of regional climate.
UNIT- 3: CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
3.1. Bases of climatic classifications; Classification of world climate after Trewartha and Oliver Hidore.
3.2. The human response to climate: Physiological response, Bio-meteorological response, human
comfort and diseases with special reference to tropical region, microclimate.
3.3. Impact of climate on agriculture, rural settlement and tourism with special reference to India.
3.4. Weather forecasting: Importance, tools, methods and types.
UNIT- 4: CLIMATIC HAZARDS IN INDIAN CONTEXT
4.1. Climatic change-causes and theories.
4.2. Carbon balance, Carbon Footprint: Its role in global climatic hazard; Disasters: Tropical cyclones,
thunderstorms.
4.3. Global warming: Evidences, causes and effects.
4.4. Projections of temperature change in 21st century: IPCC simulations, conferences based on climate
change.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Barry & Perry., Synoptic Climatology.
Blair, T.A., Climatology-General and Regional.
Chorley, R.J. & Barry, R.G., Atmospheric Weather and climate.
Donn, W.L., Meteorology.
Jackson, I.J., Climate, Water and Agriculture in the Tropics, 1977.
Kendrew, W.G., Climates of the Continents.
Lal, D.S., Climatology.
Mather, J.R., Climatology: Fundamental and Applications, 1974.
Patterson., Introduction to Meteorology.
Rama Sastery, A.A., Weather & Weather fore casting.
Rummey, G., Climatology and the world's climate.
Stringer., Foundation of Climatology.
Stringer., Techniques in Climatology.
Trewartha, G.T., An Introduction to Climate.
MODULE-7
SOIL, BIO-GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN GEOGRAPHY (50 marks)
UNIT-1 : SOIL GEOGRAPHY
1.1. Soil as a component of biosphere; Concept of land and soil. 1.2. Bio- function of soil- soil organisms and micro organisms and its relation with soil fertility, soil
nutrients and productivity. 1.3. Soil reaction- Base Exchange, Soil pH; Reclamation of saline, alkaline and acidic soil, Techniques
of soil survey and soil mapping. 1.4. Soil degradation, Pollution and management.
UNIT-2 : PLANT AND ZOO GEOGRAPHY
2.1. Plant Ecology, Habitat factors and adaptations, Succession and Climax. 2.2. Recent trend in regeneration and degeneration of plants, plant species, family and genera; phyto-
geographical region. 2.3. Dispersal and migration of animals, means and barriers. 2.4. Management and conservation of wildlife, relevance of sanctuaries with special reference to
India.
UNIT-3 : ECOSYSTEM AND ECOLOGY
3.1. Forms and functions of ecosystem, ecosystem models, biological deserts. 3.2. International Biological Programmes and Man and Biosphere Programme in India. 3.3. Principles of physical and human ecology; Concept of Deep Ecology. 3.4. Population Dynamics: problems of abundance and extinction.
UNIT-4 : GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
4.1. Land pollution and waste disposal 4.2. Values and ethics of biodiversity, threats to species diversity. 4.3. Concept and origin of EIA, principles and characteristics of EIA, processes and their relationship,
evaluation and methodologies of EIA. 4.4. Environmental Law. Wildlife Protection Act 1972, The Forest Conservation Act 1981,
Environmental Protection Act 1986, Green Bench Activities.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Chapman J.L. and Reiss, M.J. 1993: Ecology: Principles and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Myers, A.A. and Giller, P.S. (editors) 1988: Analytical Biogeography: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Animal and Plant Distributions, Chapman and Hall.
Ricklets, R.E. 1993 : The Economy of Nature: A Textbook in Basic Ecology, 3rd edition, W.H. Freeman and Co. New York.
Sharma. P.D. 1996 : Ecology and Environment, 71h edition, Rastogi Publications, Mirat.
Tivy, J. 1993: Biogeography: A Study of Plants in the Ecosphere, 3rd edition, Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow:
Beeby, A. and Brennan, A.M. 1997 : First Ecology, Chapman and Hall, London.
Dash, M.C., 1993 : Fundamentals of Ecology, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
Dobson, A.P. 1996 : Conservation and Biodiversity, Scientific American Library, New York.
Galbraith, I. 1990: Ecosystem and People: An Introduction to Biogeography, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Jeffries, M.J. 1997 : Biodiversity and Conservation, Routledge, London.
Kormondy, E.J. 1984 : Concepts of Ecology, 3rd edition, Prentice-Hall, India, New Delhi.
Odum, E.P. 1997 :Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society, Sinaur Associates Inc. Publishers, Sunderland.
World Wide Fund for Nature-India (Eastern Region) 1995 : Nature Conservation Handbook,
Calcutta. A.G. Pimente, J. D. (editor) 1993 : World Soil Erosion and Conservation, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge: 349p. Biswas, T.D. and Mukherjee, S.K. 1987 : Textbook of Soil Science, Tata-McGraw-Hill, 314p.
Brady, N..C. and Weil, R.R. 1996 : The Nature and Properties of Soil, 11th edition, Longman, London: 740p.
Coleman, D.C. and Crossby, J. 1996 : Fundamentals of Soil Ecology, Academic Press, San Diego: 203p.
Ellis, S. and MelIor, R. 1995 : Soils and Environment, Routledge, London: 364p.
Floth, H.D. 1990 : Fundamentals of Soil Science, 8th edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York: 360p.
Mitchell, C. W. 1991 : Terrain Evaluation: An Introductory Handbook to the History, Principles and Methods of Practical Terrain Analysis, 2nd edition, Longman Science & Technical, London: 441 p.
Morgan, R.P.C. 1995 : Soil Erosion and Conservation, 2nd edition, Longman, London: 198p.
Schwab, G.O., Fangmeir, D.D. and Elliot, W.J. 1996 : Soil and Water Management Systems, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York: 371p. I
Singer, M.J. and MuMs, D.N. 1996 : Soils: An Introduction, Prentice Hall, London: 480p.
Wild, A. 1993 : Soils and the Environment: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge: 287p.
Adams, W.M. 1995: Green Development: Environmental Sustainability in the Third World,
Rout1edge, London: pp 1-8,87-139.
Alexander, D. 1993: Natural Disasters, Research Press, New Delhi: 619p.
Allaby, M. 1996: Basics of Environmental Science, Routledge, London: 297p.
Allaby, M. 2006 : The Encyclopaedia of Natural Calamities, Viva, Kolkata.
Arnold, D. & Guha, R. 1995 : Nature, Culture & Imperialism, OUP, New Delhi
Baarrsches, W.H. 1996 : Eco-facts and Eco-fiction: Understanding the Environmental Debate,
Routledge, London: 264p.
Bardhan, P. 2003 : Poverty, Agrarian Structure & Political Economy in India, OUP, New Delhi.
Bhattacharra, R.N. (Ed.Re print 2007) Environmental Economics – An Indian Perspective, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
Blaikie, P., Cannon, To Davis, I. and Wisener, 1994: At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability
and Disasters, Routledge, London: 320p.
Brown, J.H. & Lomolino, M.V. 1998 : Biogeography, Sinauer Associates, USA.
Bryant, E.A. 1991: Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 294p.
Buchholz, R.A. 1993 : Principles of Environmental Management, the Greening of Biosphere,
Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey
Canter, L. W. 1996: Environmental Impact Assessment, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, New York: 660p.
Carter, N.(2001) The Politics of the Environmental Ideas, Activism, Policy, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge U.K.
Chapman, D. 1.994: Natural Hazards, Oxford University Press, Melbourne: 174p.
Chambers, R., Saxena, N.C. & Shah, T. 1989 ; To the Hands of the Poor : Water and Trees, Oxford &
IBH, New Delhi.
Chhatwal, G.R., Mensa, M.C., Satke, M., Katyal, T., Katyal, Mo, and Nagahiro, T. 1989 :
Environmental Noise Pollution and its Control, Anmol Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi: 301p.
CoIls, J. 1997: Air Pollution: An Introduction, E & FN Spon / Chapman and Hall, London: 314p.
Cox, C.B & Moore, P.D. (2000) Biogeography - An Ecological & Evolutionary Approach, Blackwell
Science Ltd, Oxford, Lond
Dasgupta, P. and Mller, K.G. 1997 : The Environment and Emerging Development Issues, Volumes I
and 2, Clarendon Press, Oxford: 593p.
Das, M.C. 1993 : Fundamentals of Ecology, Tata MacGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Dikshit, R.D. 1994 ; The Art and Science of geography, PHI, New Delhi.
Echlom, E.P. 1991 : Down To Earth, EWP, New Delhi.
Falconer, R.A. and Goodwin, P. (editor) 1994 : Wetland Management, Thomas Telford, London:
289p.
Farmer, A. 1997 : Managing Environmental Pollution, Routledge, London: 246p.
Gadgal, M. & Guha, R. 1993 ; This Fissured Land- An Ecological History of India, O U P, New Delhi.
Gadgil, M. & Guha, R. 2000 : The Use and Abuse of Nature, OUP, New Delhi.
Gilpin, A. 1996 : Dictionary of Environment and Sustainable Development, John Wiley and Sons
Ltd., Chichester:
Gilpin, A. 1997 : Environmental Impact Assessment: Culling Edge for the Twenty-first Century,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 181p.
Goel, P.K. 1997: Water Pollution: Causes, Effects and Controls, New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
New Delhi: 169p.
Guha R.2005 : The Ramchandra Guha Omnibus, O U P, New Delhi
Goudie, A. 1986: The Human Impact on the Natural Environment, 2nd edition, Blackwell Pub. Co.,
London: 337p. Hardoy, J .E Mittin, D. & Satterthwaite, D. 1992 : Environment Problems in the
World Cities, Earthscan Pub. Ltd. London:
Goudie, A. (20001) The Nature of the Environment, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, U.K.
Guha, R. & Alier, M.J. 1997 : Varieties of Environmentalism : Essays North & South, Earthscan
Publications.
Hart, R.A. 1984 : Ecosocieties: A Historical Study of Ecological Man, Natraj, Dehradun.
Hughes, A. D. 2001 : An Environmental History of the World , Routledge, London.
Hugget, R. & Cheesman, I.(2002) Topography & The Environment, Prentice Hll, New York, London.
Hick, J.A. : Philosophy of Religion, PHI, New Delhi.
Hugget, R. & Cheesman, I.(2002) Topography & The Environment, Prentice Hll, New York, London.
Huggett, R.J (Reprint 2002) Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routledge, London & New York.
Kormondy, E.J. 1996 : Concepts of Ecology, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey
I.G. Simmons – Ecology of Natural Resources, New York.
Johnston, R.J. & others, 2000 :The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell Publishers Ltd., UK.
Kumar, H.D.(Reprint 1997) Modern Concepts of Ecology, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi.
Marsh, W.M. and Grossa, J.M. 1996: Environmental Geography: Science, Landuse and Earth
Systems, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York: 416p.
Masters, G .M. 1991 : Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Sciences, Prentice Hall India
Ltd. New Delhi: 460p.
MacDonald, G. 2003 : Biogeography Introduction to Space, Time and Life, John Wiley.
Mathur, M.H. & Marsden, D. 1998 : Development Projects and Impoverishment Risk, OUP, New
Delhi.
Marsh, W.M. & Grossa(Ir). I.(1996) Environmental Geography- Science, Land use & Earth Systems,
John Willey & Sons, New York
Manivasakam, N. 1984 ; Environnental Pollution, NBT, New Delhi.
Mackenzie, A., Ball, A.S. & Virdee, S.R. (Reprient 2001). Instant Notes in Ecology, Viva Books
Private Ltd. New Delhi, Mumbai & Chennai.
Middleton, N & Keefe, P.O (2001) Redefining Sustainable Development, Pluto Press, London,
Sterling & Virginia.
Middleton N. 1995 : The Global Casino: An .Introduction to Environmental Issues, John Wiley and
Sons Inc., New York: 332p.
Odum, E.P. 1971 : Fundamentals of Ecology, WB Saunders, USA
O’Neill, C.B., Mac Keller, F.L. & Lutz, V. Population & Climate Change, PSUC, UK.
O’Riordan, T. 1975 : Environmentalism, Routledge, London.
Park, C. 1998: The Environment: Principles and Applications, Routledge, London:
Pickering, K. and Owen, L.A. 1997 : An Introduction to Global Environmental Issues, 2nd edition,
Routledge, London:
Prabhakar, V.R. 1998: Social and Community Forestry, indian Pub. Distrb., New Delhi: 224p
Pratt, V. 2000 : Environment & Philosophy, Routledge, London
Prasad, N. & Basu, R. (Ed) 2000 ; Contemporary Dimensions in Geography, ASC, BU, Bardhaman
Pickering, K.T. & Owen, L.A. 1997 : An Introduction To Global Environmental Issuies, Routledge,
London
R.Guha(Ed) 1994 : Social Ecology, OUP, New Delhi.
Roberts, N. (editor) 1994: The Changing Global Environment, 3rd edition, Blackwell Pub. Co.,
London: 531 p.
Rosenbaurn, W.A. 1991 : Environmental Politics & Policy, EWP
Slaymaker, A. & Spencer T. 1998 : Physical Geography & Global Environmental Change, Longman,
UK.
Echlom, E.P. 1991 : Down To Earth, EWP, New Delhi.
Singh, R.B. and Misra, S. 1996 : Environmental Laws in .India: .Issues and Responses, Rawat Pub.,
New Delhi:
Sharma, P.D. 1975 : Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publication, Meerut
Shiva, V. & Moser, I. (Ed) 1995 : Biopolitics, Zed Books, London.
Shiva, V. 1991 : Ecology & The Politics of Survival, Sage, New Delhi
Shiva, V. 1988 : Staying Alive – Kali for Women, New Delhi.
Sukla, R S. & Chandel, P.S. 1991 : Plant Ecology, S.Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Speth, I.G. (Reprint 2005) Global Environmental Challenges – Transitions to a Sustainable World,
Orient Longman, New Delhi.
Tivy,J & Hare,O.G.(1981) Human Impact On The Ecosystem, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburg & New York.
Turk, I. & Turk. A.(1988) Environmental Science, Saunders College Publishing, New York.
Ta’I, B., Murphy, P. & Rana, P.S. (Ed.2007) Environmental Impact Assessment, Indo-Australian
Perspective, Bookwell, New Delhi. 44
Valancy, F. and Bronstein, D.A. 1995 : Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, John Wiley
and Sons inc., New York: 325p.
Venkateswaran, S. 1995 ; Environment, Development and the Gender Gap, Sage, New Delhi.
Vogler, J. 1995 : The Global Commons : A Regime Analysis, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester:
233p. 55
Wall, D. 1994 : Green History: A Reader in Environmental Literature, Philosophy and Politics,
Routledge, London: 273p.
Wathern, P. (editor) 1988 : Environmental Impact Assessment: Theory and Practice, Routledge,
London: 332p.
Whyte, I.L.. 1995 : Climate Change and Human Society, Arnold, London: 217p.
Woodward, F.I. 1992 : Global Climatic Change: The Ecological Consequences, Academic Press,
London: 337p.
MODULE-8
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (50 marks)
UNIT 1: CONCEPT OF RESOURCES AND ECONOMIES
1.1. Location and Spatial Organization of economic activities.
1.2. Resource Depletion and Emerging Issues: Energy Crisis, Water Scarcity and Conflicts.
1.3. Sustainable Development and Conservation of Resources; Resource Management: Top Down and
Bottom Up Approaches
1.4. Ranking of the World Economies.
UNIT 2: AGRICULTURE
2.1. Agricultural Regionalization: Concept and Techniques of Delineation; Whittlesey’s Agricultural
Regions.
2.2. Agricultural Productivity and Efficiency; Crop Combination and Diversification, Agri-business.
2.3. Technological Changes in Agriculture: Green Revolution and Food Security in India.
2.4. Land Reforms and Land Tenures in India with special reference to West Bengal.
UNIT 3: INDUSTRY
3.1. Theories of Industrial Location: Palender, Hoover, Smith, Pred.
3.2. Technological Innovation; development of large, medium and small scale industry in India.
3.3. Study of Selected Industries in India: Petrochemical, ICT, Food Processing and Engineering.
3.4. Industrial Policy; Role of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization.
UNIT 4: TRANSPORT, TRADE AND COMMERCE
4.1. Transport Network Analysis: Topology and Graph Theory
4.2. Concepts of Accessibility and Connectivity; Models of Transportation and Transport Cost;
Market Network Linkage: Periodic, Daily marketing, Retailing, Whole selling and Labour Market
Mobility.
4.3. Significance of Trade in National and International Economy; Role of International Agreements
and Organizations; GATT, WTO and Regional Blocks in International Trade.
4.4. Concepts of Export Processing Zone and e- Commerce.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: 10 MARKS
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Boesch, H., A Geography of World Economy.
Brian, J.L., Berry et al., The Geography of Economic Systems.
Barlow, M.H. & R.G. Newton., Patterns and Processes in Man's Economic Environment.
Chisholm, M., Geography and Economics.
Jones, C.F., Economic Geography.
Grigg, D.B., Agricultural Systems of the World: An Evolutionary.
Ll oyd, P. & P. Dickens., Location in Space; A Theoretical Approach to Eco. Geo.
Strahler, A.N. & A. Strahler., Geography and Man's Environment.
Thoman, R.S. & E.C. Conkling., The Geography of Economic Activity.
Mc. Carty, H. & J.B.Lindberg., A preface to Economic Geography.
Von Royen, W., Fundamentals of Economic Geography.
William Von Royen, et. al., Fundamentals of Economic Geography.
Zimmerman, E.W., World Resources and Industries.
Hartshon, T.A., Economic Geography
Majid Husain, Economic Geography
John, R, Tarrant., Agricultural Geography.
Symons, L., Agricultural Geography, London, 1967.
Md.Noor., Perspectives in Agricultural Geography, New Delhi.
Husain, Majid., Agricultural Geography, New Delhi.
Ali Mohammad., Food Production and Food Problem in India, N. Delhi
Morgan, W.B.& Munton, P.J.C., Agricultural Geography, London, 1971.
Griggs, D.G., An Introduction to Agricultural Geography, 1964.
Singh, J.& Dhillon, S.S., Agricultural Geography, 1970
Shafi. M., Agricultural Geography of South Asia, Macmillon, N. Delhi, 2000.
Duckhan, A.N. and Masfield, G.B., Farming Systems of the World, London.
Alexander, J.W., Economic Geography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1988.
Alexanderson, C., Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall Bombay, 1967.
Hoover, E.M., The Location and Space Economy, McGraw Hill, New York, 1948
Isard, W, Methods of Regional Analysis, The Technology Press of MIT & John Wiley & Sons,
New York,1956.
Miller E., A Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1962.
S. Siddartha, Economic Geography, Theories, process and pattern, Kisolaya Pub. Pvt. Ltd.
Pantan, 2000.
Weber, Alferd, Theory of Location of Industries, Chcago University Press, Chicago, 1957.
Module- 9
STATISTICAL METHODS (50 marks)
Unit – 1 : BASIC CONCEPTS AND SAMPLING 1.1. Levels of Measurement - Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio, Interval; Definition of Statistics, Importance
and use of statistical techniques in geography.
1.2. Variables, Population and Sample, Sampling Error.
1.3. Collection and Presentation of Data, Frequency Distribution; Statistical Diagrams: Pie-Diagram,
Bar-Diagram, Histogram, Polygon, Ogive Curve, Cumulative Percentage Curve.
Unit – 2 : MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY, DISPERSION, SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS 2.1. Measures of Central Tendency: Calculation of Mean, Median, Mode, Quartile from grouped and
ungrouped data.
2.2. Measures of Dispersion: Quartile Deviation and Standard Deviation.
2.3. Definition and Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis; Use of these measures in Statistical
Analysis.
Unit – 3 : BIVARIATE ANALYSIS, PROBABILITY THEORY AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION 3.1. Bivariate Analysis; Forms of relation and measuring the strength of association and relation-
construction and meanings of Scatter Diagram, Linear Regression Analysis, Spearman's Rank
Correlation Coefficient, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient.
3.2. Probability: Theory of Probabilities - Law of Addition and Multiplication; Conditional
Probabilities and their applications.
3.3. Random Variable and Probability Distribution (Definition and Application only); Binomial,
Poisson and Normal Distribution (Definitions and uses only).
Unit – 4 : TEST OF HYPOTHESIS, ANOVA, INDEX NUMBER AND TIME SERIES ANALYSIS 4.1. Test of Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis, Alternative Hypothesis, Critical Region, Level of
Significance, One and Two Tail tests, Power of a Test; Test for the mean of a Normal Population
(Variance known and unknown), Chi-Square, t- and F-test and their applications.
4.2. ANOVA: One-way and Two-way Analysis of Variance and their uses; Interpolation and
Extrapolation of Data.
4.3. Time Series Analysis - Definition and uses; Components of Time Series Data; Trend Fitting:
Straight Line Curve Method and Moving Average Method (only based on examples)
Unit 5:
Laboratory Note Book and Viva Voce
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Ebdon, David, 1983: Statistics in Geography: A Practical Approach, Basil Blackwell Publisher,
Oxford, England, 1983.
Goon, A. M., et. al . – Fundamentals of Statistics.
Frank, Harry & Steven C. Althoen, 1994: Statistics: Concepts and Applications, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge low price edition, 1997.
Elhance, D.N. Fundamentals of Statistics, Allahabad, 1972.
Mahmood. A,,Statistical Methods in Geographical Studied, Rajesh Publication,Delhi, 1977.
Geogory, S., Statistical Methods and the Geographers, Longmans, London.
Monkhouse, F.J., Maps and Diagrams, Methuen & Co., 1952.
Berry, B.J.L., & Marble, F., Spatial Analysis: A Reader in Statistical Geography,New Jersey, 1968.
Hammond / McCullah., Quantitative Techniques in Geog, Oxford, 1974.
Cole, J.P., & King, C.A.M., Quantitative Methods in Geography, New York, 1968.
King, L.J., Statistical Analysis in Geography, New Jersey.
Johnson, R.J., Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography, 1978.
Elhance, D.N., Elementary Statistics.
Pal, S.K., Statistical Methods in Geography.
Alvi, Zamiruddin., Statistical Geography.
David Unwin: Introductory Spatial Analysis, Methuen, London,1981.
S. Gregory: Statistical Methods and the Geographer, Longman,London,1978.
R. Hammend and P.S. Cullagh: Quantitative Techniques in Geography: An Introduction,
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974.
J.P.Cole and C.A.M.King: Quantitative Geography, John Willey, London,1968.
R.J.Johnston: Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography, Longman, London,1973.
G.B.Norcliffe: Inferential Statistics for Geographers Huntchinson,London.
B .Blackwell: Statistical in Geography, Basil Blackwell Ltd.,1988.
O.D.Durcan et al Statistical Geography, Free Press of Glen co New York,1961
L.J.King: Statistical Analysis in Geography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,N.J.
J.A.Mathewa: Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography, Rawat,
Jaipur,1981.
A.H.Robinson et al: Elements of Cartography, John Willey and Sons,New York,1995.R.L.Singh:
Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Pub. New Delhi.
R.C.TiwarievmSudhakarTripathi: AbhinavPrayogatmakBhoogol,
PrayagPustakBawan,Allahabad.
Ebdon David (1989). Statistics for Geographers King, (1975). Statistical Geography Norcliffe G.B. (1977). Inferential statistics for Geographers (Hutchinson, London) Rogerson P.A. (2001). Statistical methods for Geography (SAGE pub., London, New Delhi) Shaw G. &Wheller D. (1985). Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis, John Wiley &
Sons, New York. approach to economic geography.Harper and Row, New York KarlekarShrikant and Kale Mohan (2006) : Statistical analysis of geographical data, Diamond
Publication, Pune
MODULE-10
REMOTE SENSING, AERIAL PHOTO AND GIS (50 marks) UNIT-1: REMOTE SENSING 1.1. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing: Definition of Remote Sensing, Electromagnetic energy,
characteristics of electromagnetic spectral regions, energy interactions with earth surface
features, sensor systems used in remote sensing, transmission, reception and processing,
advantages of remote sensing.
1.2. Types of remote sensing and application: Types of remote sensing, characteristics of images,
Remote Sensing Satellites, concept of Swath and Nadir, Sensor Resolutions, Application of
Remote Sensing in Landuse and Landcover, Agriculture and Forestry, Geomorphology and
Hydrology.
1.3. Preparation of Landuse and Landcover map from satellite imagery with interpretation.
UNIT-2: CONCEPT OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
2.1. Concept of GIS: An Overview of the development of GIS, components of GIS, Functions of GIS,
Application areas of GIS, Advantages, functional requirements of GIS.
2.2. Process and modern trends of GIS: Data acquisition, Data Structure- Vector and Raster, DBMS,
linking of spatial and attribute data, organizing data for analysis, geospatial measurement and
overlay operations, Modern trends of GIS.
2.3 Image rectification and restoration, Image enhancement, Band combination, Integration with
GIS; Image classification: Supervised and Unsupervised Classification.
UNIT- 3: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
3.1. Concept of Photogrammetry, Determination of scale, measurement of area, Determination of
principle point, conjugate principle point and direction of flight line.
3.2. Geometry of Aerial Photograph: geometric types of aerial photographs, characteristics of relief
displacement, object height determination methods.
3.3. Identification of physical and cultural features and preparation of land use/ landcover map by fusing two/three overlapping photographs and their verification from topographical sheets with interpretation.
UNIT- 4: GIS AND THEMATIC MAPPING
4.1. Georeferencing and Digitisation.
4.2. Creation of different layers.
4.3. Integration of spatial and non-spatial data and creation of different thematic maps.
UNIT- 5 :
Laboratory Note Book and Viva-voce
BOOKS RECOMMENDED: Dury, G.M., Map Interpretation, Issac Pitsman, London, 1952. Hord, R.M., Remote sensing: Methods and Applications, N.Y., 1986. Lender, D.R., Aerial Photographic, Mc Graw Hill, N.Y., 1960. Luder, D., Aerial Photography Interpretation: Principles and applications, McGraw Hill, N.Y.,
1959. Lillesand & Keifer, Remote sensing & Image Interpretation. Reeves, R.G.(Ed.) Mannual of Remote sensing(Vol.2) Virginia, 1975. Sabins, F.F., Remote sensing: Principles & Interpretation, 1982. Smith, H.T.V., Aerial Photographs & their Applications, N.Y., 1943. Spurs S.H., Photogrammetry & Photo Interpretation, N.D., 1960. Stershew, A.I., Aerial Photography. Tomar, M.A. & Maslakar, A.R., Aerial Photographs in Landuse & Forest Survey, DehraDun, 1974. Thomas, E.A., Interpretation of Aerial Photographs, Minnesota. Usill, G.W. (Revised by Hearn, G.S.G) Pract. Surveying, London, 1960. White, L.P., Aerial Photography & Remote sensing for soil survey. James, B. Camp bell., Introduction to Remote Sensing- 2 Nd Edi. Taylor & Francis, London. American society of photogrammetry (ASP), Manual of remote sensing, second edition, ASP,
Falls church,VA,1983 American society of photogrammetry (ASP), Multilingual dictionary of remote sensing and
photogrammetry, ASP, Falls church,VA,1983 American society for photogrammetry and remote sensing, glossary of mapping science,
ASPRS,Bethesda, MD,1994 American society of photogrammetry and remote sensing, remote sensing for the earth science,
manual of remote sensing,3rd ed.,vol.3,woe;u,New York,1999 American society for photogrammetry and remote sensing, remote sensing core curriculum, on
the internet at http://www.asprs.org. Allison, L.J., Schnapf, A.(1983) Meteorological satellites: In Colwell, R.N.(ed.) Manual of Remote
Sensing (2nd edn). American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, Virginia, pp.651-79 A.S.P. (1981) Manual of Photogrammetry (4th edn). American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls
Church, Virginia. Avery,T.E.,and G.L.Berlin, Fundamental of remote sensing and airphoto interpretation,5th ed,
Macmillan, New York,1992 Barrett,E.C., and L.F.Curtis, Introduction to environmental remote sensing, 3rd ed, Chapman and
Hall, New York,1992 Billingsley, F.C. (1983) Data processing and reprocessing: In Colwell, R.N.(ed.) Manual of
Remote Sensing (2nd edn). American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, Virginia, pp. 719-92. Bukata,R.P., et al., Optical properties and remote sensing of Inland and coastal waters, CRC
press, New York,1995 Burrough, P.A.,Principles of geographical information system for land resources assessment,
2nd ed., Oxford University press, New York,1998 Campbell, J .B. 1996 : Introduction to Remote Sensing, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis, London:
622p. Canada Center for Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing Tutorial Castleman, K.R. (1979) Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey. Chaisman, N. 1992: Exploring Geographical Information Systems, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New
York: 198p. Chrisman, N.R. (1997) Exploring Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley andSons. Cracknelll, A.P., and L.W.B.Hayes, Introduction to remote sensing, Taylor and Francis,
Washington, DC,1991 DeMers, M.N.,Fundamentals of geographic information system, Wiley, New York, 1997 Curran, P.J. (1988) Principles of Remote Sensing, ELBS Edn. Longman Group UK Ltd. Curran, P.J. (1980) Mulltispectral remote sensing of vegetation amount, Progress in Physical
Geography, 4:315
David J Maguire, Michael F Goodchaild and David W Rahind., 1991, Geographical Information System, Ed.
Ian Masser & Michael Blakemore., 1991, Handling Geographical Information : Methodology and Potential Applications, Ed.
Foresman,T.W.(ed)History of GIS, Prentice-Hall, Upper saddle river, NJ,1998 Gerstl, S.A., 1990. Physics concept of optical radar reflectance signatures. A summary review,
International journal of remote sensing, vol 11,no 7 Guha, P.K. (2003) Remote Sensing for the Beginner, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi Gunter Sieber, - Satellite Geodesy Houghton, J.T., Cook, A.H. and Charnock, H.(1983) The study of Land surface from satellites. The
Royal Society of London (first published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A, 309, pp. 241-464)
http://tsc.wes.army.mil/gps/whatisgps.htm Humhold.W.E., 1991. An introduction to urban geographic information system, Oxford
University press, New York Huxhold, W.E. (1991) An Introduction to Urban Information Systems. New York, OUP. Japan Association of Remote Sensing, Fundamentals of Remote Sensing John, R. J., Introductory Digital Image Processing – A Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice Hall
Series Jensen, J.R., 2000. Remote sensing of the environment: An earth resource perspective, Prentice
Hall, Upper saddle river, NJ, Joseph, George, (2003), Fundamental of Remote Sensing, University Press (India) Pvt. Ltd,
Orient Longman Pte. Ltd., Hyderabad,29 India Laurini, R. and Thompson, D. (1992) Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems. London,
Academy Press. Lillesand, T.M. and Kieffer, R.W., 2003. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 5th Edition.,
Wiley, New York Maguire, D.J., Goodchild, M.F. and Rhind, D.W. (eds.) (1991) Geographical Information Systems:
Principles and Applications. Avon, Longman Scientific and Technical. Marcolongo, B. And Mantorani, F. 1997 : Photogeology: Remote Sensing Application in Earth
Science, Oxford and IBH Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi: 195p. Martin, D. (1991) Geographical Information Systems and their Socioeconomic Applications.
London, Routledge. Peuquet, D.J. and Marble, D.F. (eds.) (1990) Introductory Readings in Geographic Information
Systems. London, Taylor and Francis. Rajan, M.S. 1995 : Space Today, 2nd edition, National Book Trust, New Delhi, 344p. Rao, U .R. 1996 : Space Technology for Sustainable Development, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi:
564p. Robert A. Schowengerdt, Techniques for Image Processing and Classification in Remote Sensing,
(Academic Press, Inc). Sabins, F.F., 1997 : Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications, 3rd edition, W.H. Freeman &
Company, New York: 494p. Sheffield, C. (1983) Man on Earth, Sidgwick and Jackson, London Slater, P.N. (1983) Photographic systems for remote sensing Singapore Science Center, Principles of Remote Sensing Star, J. and Estes, J. (1990) Geographical Information Systems: An Introduction. Englewoods
Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Townshend, J.R.G. (1981) Image analysis and interpretation for land resources survey Townshend, J.R.G. (ed.) Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing, Allen & Unwin, London; Boston,
pp. 59-108 Ulaby, F.T., Moore, R,K. and Fung, A.K. (1981) Microwave Remote Sensing, Active and Passive,
Volume I, Fundamentals and Radiometry. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts; London. Ulaby, F.T., Moore, R,K. and Fung, A.K. (1982) Microwave Remote Sensing Active and Passive,
Volume II, Radar Remote Sensing and Surface Scattering and Emission Theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts; London.
www.trimble.com/index.htm
