-
TheA.R.SmithDepartmentofChemistry
OverviewofFacultyResearchInterests
Fall2017
-
2
[email protected]
Dr. Babyak teaches Introductory, Analytical,
andEnvironmentalChemistryclassesatAppalachianStateUniversity.
SheholdsaPh.D. inAnalyticalChemistryfrom West Virginia University
(WVU) under theguidance of Dr. Ronald B. Smart. Her
researchinvolvedthedevelopmentofelectrochemicalmethodsfor the
detectionmercury emitted from coal-burningpowerplants. Prior
toherworkatWVU,Dr.Babyakwas an AmeriCorps member, and worked with
coalmine drainage in southwestern Pennsylvania. Dr.Babyak received
her Bachelor’s degree from Saint
Vincent College, in Latrobe, PA,where shewasmentored by Dr.
Caryle Fish. Dr.BabyakhasbeenatAppalachiansinceAugust,2004.
Research in Dr. Babyak’s group centers around environmental
analyticalchemistry and environmental monitoring. Students in Dr.
Babyak’s group spendtime both in the lab developing analytical
methods and in the field
collectingsamples.Currentprojectsincludedevelopmentofananalyticalmethodtoquantifyenvironmental
endocrine disruptors in water samples and investigation of
theeffectsoftheTennesseeValleyAuthority(TVA)coalashspillonwaterqualityandaquatic
life in the Emory River. Research ideas suggested by students are
alsowelcomedandencouraged.Dr.JeffersonE.Bates
[email protected]
Dr. Jefferson Bates teaches general and physicalchemistry
coursesatAppalachianStateUniversity.HereceivedhisPhDinChemicalandMaterialPhysicsfromtheUniversity
of California Irvine under the
guidanceofFilippFurchein2013.Hisgraduateworkfocusedonthe
application of density functional theory to novellanthanide and
transition metal chemistry. He alsodeveloped new quantum mechanical
methods topredictabsorptionspectraandappliedthemtopredictthe
spectra of seven never before seen divalentlanthanide oxidation
states. Following his graduatework, he completed a postdoc at
Northwestern
University, followed by a second postdoc at Temple
Universitywhere heworkedwith Adrienn Ruzsinszky and John Perdew. At
Temple, Dr. Bates explored hisinterest for challenges in
solid-state chemistry and physics and developed a
newmethodforpredictingaccuratepressureinducedstructuralphasetransitions.
Dr. Bates’ current research focus includes further exploring the
propertiesand reactivity of lanthanide and transitionmetal
complexes, as well as exploringchemical properties of
technologically pertinent surfaces, such asmetals or silica,using
computer simulations. New methods for predicting properties of
magnetic
-
3
moleculesarealsounderdevelopment,andwilleventuallybeappliedtohelpguidethe
synthesis of improved single-molecule magnets. Students working
with Dr.Bates learn the basics of Linux, as well as the Python
programing language
andseveralmodellingsoftware,inordertocarryoutquantumchemicalsimulationsonpowerfulcomputers.
[email protected]
Dr.BennettteachesOrganicChemistryIandIIandFundamentalsofOrganicChemistry.AfterreceivingaB.S.inChemistryatUNC-ChapelHill,sheearnedaPh.D.
in Organic Chemistry from the University
ofWisconsin-Madisonin1996underthesupervisionof Edwin Vedejs. Dr.
Bennett wrote her
graduatethesisonProbingtheOriginsofStereoselectivity fortheWittig
Reaction of Stabilized Ylides. Followinggraduate school, Dr.
Bennett taught OrganicChemistryatHopeCollege inHolland,MI
formanyyears. She happily left themid-west to become a
professoratAppalachianintheFallof2002.Dr.BennettiscurrentlyservingasaProgramDirectoratNSFinWashington,DC.
Dr. Bennett has three ongoing research projects that involve
synthesis
ofsmallmoleculesthatmayhaveimportantpharmacologicalproperties.
Theyareasfollows:1)Totalsynthesisoftaxanediterpenesusingπ-allylpalladiumchemistry.2)Microwave-inducedpreparationofsubstitutedpyridinesand3)Formationofallylicethersusingtheinverseelectron-demandDiels-AlderReaction.Dr.ClaudiaCartaya-Marincartayacp@appstate.edu
Dr. Claudia Cartaya-Marin is an organic
syntheticchemistinterestedindevelopingsyntheticmethodsandin the
total synthesis of natural products that possessanti-cancer
properties. She obtained her B.S. inChemistry from Universidad
Simon Bolivar in Caracas,Venezuela, and then came to the United
States,
whereshegotherMastersatNortheasternUniversity,workingonorgano-metallicchemistry.ShethenjoinedthelabofDr.BarrySnideratBrandeisUniversity,inWaltham,MA,where,
forherPh.D.degree,sheaccomplishedthetotalsynthesisof(+)-nitramine,aproposedneurotoxin.
She
also studied Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes, and
developed a novelcyclizationreaction.
After completing her Ph.D., she accepted a post-doctoral
position in theChemistry Department at Cornell University, where
she worked on the
totalsynthesisofbiosyntheticintermediatesoftheshikimicacidpathway.Sincearriving
-
4
atAppalachianStateUniversity in1986, shehasextendedherresearch
to
includetheonepotsynthesisof5,7-diphenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine;thestudyofthereactions
of sodium hydrogen selenide withα,β-unsaturated compounds and
thesynthesisofenaminonesusingLewisacidsasactivators.
Currently, Dr. Cartaya-Marin is studying the nucleophilic
aromaticsubstitutionreactionof
trihalogenatedbenzeneswithcyclicamines,aswellas
theuseofmicrowavestoenhanceorganicreactions.She
isalsocollaboratingwithDr.EceKaratanfromtheBiologyDepartmentonaprojectthatinvolvesthesynthesisofcyclic-diguanylicacidandusingthisacidtofindthecylic-diguanylicacid(c-di-GMP)regulatedsignaltransductionpathwaysinthebacteriumVibriocholerae.
HerteachingresponsibilitieshaveincludedBiochemistry,AdvancedOrganicChemistry,
Organic Synthesis, and Organic Chemistry I and II lectures
andlaboratories.SheiscurrentlyteachingFundamentalsofOrganicChemistry.
Students inher labobtainexperienceperforming literature
searches; learnproper research notebook keeping and the use of
modern synthetic
techniques.TheyusechromatographictechniquestoseparateandpurifyproductsanduseNMRand
IR spectroscopy and GC/MS to characterize the compounds that
theysynthesize.
-
5
[email protected]
Dr.ChristiangraduatedfromAppalachianStateUniversity
in2005andreceivedherPh.D. inBiologicalChemistry in2010from the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Hergraduatework in the
research group of Dr. Linda Spremullifocused on mechanisms of
translation initiation
inmammalianmitochondria.Brookedidherpostdoctoralworkat Yale
University as an NIH postdoctoral fellow in thelaboratory of Dr.
Gerald Shadel where she studied thecontributionofmitochondrial
reactiveoxygen species to theneurodegenerative disease
Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Dr.Christian joined
thedepartmentofchemistryatAppalachian
StateUniversityin2015andteachesbiochemistryandbiochemistrylab.Currentresearchprojects
in theChristian labare focusedonmitochondrial
reactive oxygen species and the roles they play in assembly of
oxidativephosphorylationcomplexesandinadipocytedifferentiation.TechniquesusedintheChristianlabincludetissueculture,westernblotting,qPCR,PAGE(denaturing/SDSandbluenative),shRNAknockdownofgenesofinterest,immunofluorescence,andsubcellularfractionation.
[email protected]
Dr. Culpepper received her Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistryin 2009
from the University of Kansas working in theresearch groups of Dr.
Julian Limburg and Dr. Emily E.Scott. Her graduate work focused on
determining thestructure and function of a prolyl
4-hydroxylase-likeprotein involved in collagen production. After
graduateschool, Dr. Culpeppermoved
toNorthwesternUniversitytothelaboratoryofDr.AmyC.Rosenzweigwhereshewasawarded
an NIH postdoctoral fellowship studyingbiological methane oxidation
by the membrane proteinparticulate methane monooxygenase. Dr.
Culpepper
joined the department of chemistry at Appalachian State
University in 2014
andteachesclassesinAnalyticalandIntroductoryChemistry. Current
research projects in the Culpepper lab utilize
interdisciplinarytechniquesencompassingbiochemistry,molecularbiology,andanalyticalchemistry.Research
projects investigate the protein structure and biochemical function
ofenzymesinvolvedintheglobalsulfurcycle.Namely,anenzymeresponsibleforthedegradationofdimethylsulfide(DMS),themajorcontributingvolatileorganicsulfurcompound
(VOSC) in our atmosphere implicated in climate regulation.
Researchstudents learn protein expression and purification as well
as biochemicalcharacterizationusinganalyticalinstrumentation
-
6
[email protected]
Dr. Hambourger joined the faculty at Appalachian StateUniversity
in 2009. He received his Ph.D. from ArizonaState University, under
the tutelage of Dr. Thomas A.Moore; followedby a
one-yearpostdoctoral appointmentin the same laboratory. Dr.
Hambourger’s graduate andpost-doctoral work focused on
photochemical charge-separation in organic/inorganic hybrid
systems, proton-coupled electron transfers as related to
photochemicalreactions,andcouplingbiologicalcatalystswithelectrodesfortechnologicalapplications.
Dr. Hambourger teaches introductory
chemistryandisestablishinganewresearchlaboratoryatAppalachianStateUniversitywhichis
aimed at developing first-row transition metal catalysts suitable
for
wateroxidation,hydrogenproduction,and/orcarbondioxidereduction.Hislaboratoryisexploringlow-costmaterialsandprocessingtechniquesfortheelectrodepositionofsuitable
catalysts, with the hope of identifying candidates for renewable
energystorageatanappropriatescale.Further,Dr.Hambourgerisexploringtheinterfacebetween
single electron photochemical events and
multi-electron/multi-protoncatalyticreactions,inhopesofbetterunderstanding(andmimicking)theprocessofnaturalphotosynthesis.
Students in the research laboratory are exposed to the
fundamentals
ofelectrochemistryandphotochemistry,aswellastoseveralspectroscopictechniquesused
to characterize the materials produced. Students are encouraged to
makesignificant contributions to laboratory research, while
developing the skills,
self-discipline,andconfidencenecessaryforasuccessfulscientificcareer.Dr.JenniferPerryCecilececilejp@appstate.edu
Dr.PerryreceivedaPh.D.inChemistryin2003fromDukeUniversity
working in the research group of Dr. JohnSimon. Her graduate
research used fluorescencespectroscopy to
characterizephotophysicalpropertiesofthe fungal metabolite
ochratoxin a and to examine thebinding of various ligands to the
blood protein humanserum albumin. After graduate school, Dr.
PerrycompletedpostdoctoralresearchattheNationalInstituteof
Environmental Health Sciences in the ResearchTriangle Park, NC.
During that time, she studiedstructure/function interactions of
negatively charged
xenobioticsandafamilyofproteinsnamedtheorganicaniontransporters(OATs).She
also became interested in the effects of genetic variability and
regulation onOATproteinexpressionandfunction.
-
7
Dr.PerryjoinedthechemistrydepartmentatAppalachianStateUniversityin2007teachingintroductoryandphysicalchemistrycourses.Currently,herresearchinvolves
techniques from biochemistry, biophysical chemistry and biology.
Herresearch projects include implementing a nematode model system
to studyxenobiotic transportbyOATs,buildingmodelsofOAT structure to
analyzeaminoacids that contribute to OAT function, and observing
functional consequences ofgenetic splice variants and single
nucleotide polymorphisms on OAT
proteinexpressionandregulation.Dr.LibbyPuckettpuckettlg@appstate.edu
Dr. Puckett has been teaching Introductory,Analytical, and
Forensic Chemistry classes atAppalachian State University since the
fall of
2004.SheholdsaPh.D.inBioanalyticalChemistryfromtheUniversity of
Kentucky under the guidance of Dr.Leonidas G. Bachas and Dr. Sylvia
Daunert. Herresearch involved the development of sensingsystems
forclinicalandpharmaceuticalapplications.Dr. Puckett received her
Bachelor’s degree fromEastern Kentucky University in Forensic
Science in1996.
Although she is a bioanalytical chemist by training, her
research looks atproblems from different perspectives. Her research
crosses many disciplines,including forensic science, molecular
biology, and electrical engineering, butultimately utilizes
analytical chemistry as the unifying science. The currentresearch
projects in her laboratory have two main concentrations –
forensicanalysisandbiologicalapplications.Currently,therearethreedifferentinstrumentsbeing
used to study forensic samples. The first project involves using
capillaryelectrophoresis (CE) to separate compounds of forensic
interest, including
drugs,explosives,andinks/dyes.Thesecondprojectentailsthecomparisonofsolidphaseextractiontechniques(activatedcharcoalstrips(ACS),solidphasemicroextraction(SPME)
“needles”, and the Gerstel Twister) for the analysis of arson
accelerants.Comparisonswillbeperformedon thegaschromatograph(GC).
The finalprojectutilizes the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer
(GC-MS) for the detection
andquantificationofcocaineonU.S.andforeigncurrency.
Therearecurrentlythreeprojectsfortheanalysisofbiologicalentities.Thefirst
project involves using a custom-made capillary electrophoresis
system inconjunction with chemiluminescence detection for the
determination of enzymekinetics using a technique called enzyme
mediated microanalysis (EMMA). Thesecond project is the creation of
a homogeneous protein-based assay for thedetection of
organophosphates by utilizing a fusion protein
betweenorganophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) and enhanced green
fluorescent protein(EGFP). This assay will allow us tomonitor the
hydrolysis of
organophosphatesfoundinpesticidesandchemicalwarfareagents.Thethirdprojectinvolvescreating
-
8
O R
O
R
O
R
OR
O
R
R
O
Functionalized HexaphenylbenzeneR = Active Site for
Functionality
awhole-cellsensor,containingafusionproteinbetweenβ-lactamaseandEGFP,tomonitor
the rate atwhich β-lactamantibiotics (penicillins) cross
cellmembranes.Thiswillaid indetermining
thebioavailabilityofpossiblenewdrugcandidatesorinhibitorsofβ[email protected]
Dr.Ramey teaches a variety of organic
chemistryclassesatAppalachianStateUniversity.HeholdsaPh.D. in
organic chemistry from theUniversity ofFlorida under the guidance
of Dr. John Reynolds.His research involved the synthesis
andcharacterization of water-soluble conjugatedpolymers for
lightemission applications.Prior to hiswork at UF,Dr. Ramey
attendedVirginiaPolytechnicand
StateUniversitywhereheworkedwithDr. JudyRiffleonhigh temperature
polymers. Following graduate studies,he worked as a researcher for
the Air Force
ResearchLaboratoriesatWright-PattersonAFB,Dayton,Ohio,untilhisappointmentatAppalachianinAugust2002.
Currently,Dr.Ramey’sresearchcentersontheuseoforganicsynthetictechniquestoconstructmoleculesforthecontrolledreleaseoffragrancesandtheassemblyofchargedspeciesforionicconduction.Thematerialsunder
development have potential in fuel cell/battery membranes and
stimuliactivated scent release applications. Students are exposed
to three principles ofresearch: self-discipline, in-depth synthetic
knowledge / planning, followed
byexperimentaldesignandexecution.Inputandnewideasfromstudentsarealwaysencouragedandexpected.
-
9
[email protected]
Dr. Schwab received his Ph.D. in Polymer
SciencefromTheUniversityofAkronandhisB.S.inMaterialsScience and
Engineering from the University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign. His
main researchinterests include the development of
metallicnanoparticles as broadly applicable
photocatalysts,computational studies of nanometer-scale
self-assembly, and the development of novel rubbermaterials. When
illuminated with laser radiation,metallic nanoparticles have the
ability to enhance
lightintensityatthesurfaceoftheparticle.Whentheseparticlesaredispersedinasystemof
photochemical reagents, the light intensity enhancement can lead to
anoverallincreaseinthereactionrate.
Likeconventionalcatalysts,thenanoparticleswould not be consumed in
the course of the resulting chemical reaction. Unlikeconventional
catalysts, the nanoparticles can catalyze any photochemical
reactionrather than reactions involving specific reactants. A
student project in this areainvolves the synthesis of metal
nanoparticles, characterization of particles
withelectronmicroscopy,andquantificationofphotochemicalratesuponlaserexposure.
Self-assembly, a process wherein molecules assemble into
larger-scaleobjects is an important component of biological
structure formation as well as avital tool in the burgeoning field
of nanotechnology. In general, intermolecularattractive
interactions drive molecular assembly and entropy counters
assembly.One quickly realizes, however, that these thermodynamic
counterparts are
ratherlimitedintheirabilitytocontroltheoverallsizeofanygivenassembly.Toaddresstheseissuesofassemblysizecontrol,computationalstudieswillbeimplementedtodeterminethelimitsofthermodynamicsizecontrolandtodeviseassemblydesignstrategiesusingcomputationalevolutionalgorithms.Astudentprojectinthisareawill
involve programming of Monte Carlo simulations and computer
analyses ofsimulationresults. Rubber materials are typically
composed of long chain molecules that arecovalently cross-linked to
one another. These covalent cross-links impart
thematerialwiththeabilitytoreversiblystretchtogreatlengths,butalsoremovethematerial’sabilitytoberecycled.
Byalteringthechemicalnatureofthecross-linksbetweenthepolymerchainmolecules,thesematerialscanbemaderecyclable.Theunique
cross-linking chemistry also offers several possibilities for
developingrubbermaterialsthatactassensorstovariousstimuli.Astudentprojectinthisareawill
includethesynthesisofnewpolymericmaterialsandtheirsubsequentopticalandmechanicalcharacterization.
-
10
[email protected]
Dr.ShawjoinedthefacultyatAppalachianStatein2015.HereceivedhisB.A.
inchemistryandmathematics fromSt. Olaf College in 2002. Upon
completion of hisundergraduate degrees, he attended graduate school
atClemson University, working in the laboratory ofmedicinal
chemistry under the guidance of Dr. Dev P.Arya and received his
Ph.D. 2010. His graduate workfocused on the development and
synthesis of newaminoglycoside therapeutic agents. Following
hisgraduatework, Dr. Shaw accepted a position as visitingassistant
professor at The College of Wooster. From
2011-2015,Dr. Shaw taught courses in introductory chemistry,
organic
chemistryandmedicinalchemistryandmentored17undergraduateresearchassistants.
Currently, Dr. Shaw teaches courses in organic chemistry. The
ShawResearch Group focuses on the development of new synthetic
methodologies.Traditionally,syntheticorganicreactionsaredependentontheenergy,orientation,andvelocityofthereactants
insolution. Thedifficultyassociatedwithcontrollingthese variables
have historically resulted in increased reaction times,
decreasedreaction yield, and decreased purity. Students in the
ShawResearch Group haverecently developed new synthetic
methodologies that circumvent traditionalsynthetic pitfalls and
increase reaction yield andpuritywhile decreasing
[email protected]
Dr.Swarthoutisananalyticalenvironmentalchemist.Hisresearchappliesthetechniquesofanalyticalchemistrytostudyenvironmentalissuesoflocalandglobalconcern.HereceivedaPh.D.inEarthSystemsSciencefromtheUniversityofNewHampshirewherehisdoctoralresearchfocusedontheairqualityimpactsofhydraulicfracturingfornaturalgas.HealsoconductedpostdoctoralresearchatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionstudyingtheenvironmentalimpactsofmajoroilspillsincludingtheDeepwaterHorizondisaster.HecurrentlyteachesIntroductory
andCapstonecoursesinEnvironmentalChemistryandEnvironmentalScience.Dr.Swarthout’sresearchfocusesontheenvironmentalimpactsofnaturallyproducedorganiccompoundsandorganicpollutantsderivedfromfossilfuelproductiononairquality,waterquality,andclimate.OnecurrentresearchprojectinvolvesmeasuringvolatileorganiccompoundsandothertracegasesattheAppalachianAtmosphericInterdisciplinaryResearch(AppalAIR)atmosphericobservatoryinordertobetterunderstandthecomplexrelationshipbetween
mailto:[email protected]
-
11
emissionsofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)fromtreesandshrubsandclimate.ThethousandsofVOCsproducedbyplantscaninfluenceourclimatebecausetheycanformaerosolswhichreflectincomingsolarradiationandbecausetheycancompeteforreactionwithradicalspeciesthatcontrolthelifetimeofgreenhousegases.Anotherprojectinvolvesinvestigatingthechemicalweatheringofoilspills.Oilisacomplexmixtureofthousandsoforganiccompoundsandthecompositionofspilledoilchangesovertimeintheenvironment.Thegoalofthisresearchistounderstandhowthesechangesaffecttheenvironmentalfateandtoxicityoftheseweatheredoilresidues.
Studentsworkingontheseprojectswillgainhands-onexperienceworkingwiththeanalyticalinstrumentationusedinatmosphericandenvironmentalchemistry.Theywillalsodevelopskillsinscientificcommunicationthroughthepresentationandpublicationoftheirfindings.Mostimportantlytheywillworktoprovidemuchneededinformationaboutpressingenvironmentalissuesthatwillhelpshapeongoingpolicydebates.Dr.BrettTaubman
taubmanbf@appstate.eduDr.BrettTaubmanteachesanalyticalandenvironmentalchemistry
as well as fermentation science andintroductorychemistrycourses.
HereceivedhisPh.D.inChemistryfromtheUniversityofMarylandin2004underhis
dissertation advisor Dr. Russell Dickerson. Hisgraduate work
focused on the meteorological anddynamical impacts on regional air
quality, specificallywith respect to aerosol optical properties, as
measuredfroma lightaircraft. Followinghisgraduatestudies,Dr.Taubman
worked as a Research Associate in ThePennsylvania State University
Department of
MeteorologywithhisresearchadvisorDr.AnneThompson.Therehedesignedandoperated
a mobile atmospheric chemistry laboratory to investigate global
airpollutiontransportandvalidatesatelliteretrievalsofatmosphericpollutants.
As co-founder of the Appalachian Atmospheric Interdisciplinary
Research(AppalAIR) facilityand
throughon-goingcollaborationswithNASAandNOAA,hiscurrent research
interests are focused on the relationships between aerosolchemical
and optical properties and their impacts on the regional
climate.Additionally,aspartofaninterdisciplinaryresearchteaminfermentationsciences,heperformsappliedresearchinbio-processingofagriculturalandindustrialwastestreams,water
treatment, and environmental remediation aswell as in
designinginnovative approaches for reducing resource utilization
and improving
operatingefficienciesinthecampusfermentationpilotplant.
-
12
[email protected]
Dr.WeberteacheslecturesandlaboratoriesinOrganicChemistry at
Appalachian State University. Afterreceiving his diploma in
chemistry from HeidelbergUniversity, Germany in 2009, he earned his
Ph.D. inOrganic Chemistry in 2012 under the supervision ofMichel R.
Gagné. Dr.Weber returned to Germany
forhispostdoctoralstudiesintheresearchgroupofAloisFürstnerattheMax-PlanckInstituteforCoalResearch.In
2015 he joined the chemistry department atAppalachian State
University as a lecturer and
waspromotedtoanAssistantProfessorin2017.Dr. Weber’s research
focuses on sustainable organic
synthesis guided by the principles of green chemistry. He
currently has severalongoing research projects centered on
microwave-assisted organic reactions, theapplication of
biocatalysis in organic synthesis, the design
ofcascading/tandem/one-potreactions,andonthedevelopmentofnewexperimentsfororganicteachinglaboratories.Dr.DaleWheelerwheelerde@appstate.edu
Dr. Wheeler teaches introductory and inorganicchemistry classes
atAppalachianStateUniversity.Heholds a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry
from theUniversity of Idaho under the guidance of Dr.
LeszekCzuchajowski.Hisresearchinvolvedthesynthesisandcharacterization
of organometallic salts as modelsystems for nonlinear optical
materials. Prior to hiswork at UI, Dr. Wheeler attended Kansas
StateUniversitywhere heworkedwithDr. EricMaatta onvanadium imido
complexes. Following graduatestudies, he completed a postdoctoral
fellowship at
BereaCollegeasaHenryandCamilleDreyfusFellowandthenwasafacultymemberat
theUniversityofWisconsin –Parksideuntil his
appointmentatAppalachian inAugust1998.
Currently,Dr.Wheeler’sresearchcentersaroundtheuseoforganicandair-sensitiveorganometallicsynthetictechniquestocreatemoleculesthatarepotentialnonlinear
optical materials. The noncentrosymmetric crystallization of
thesechromophores is an essential requirement for efficient
second-order nonlinearoptical properties. The research has
applications for optical and
electro-opticaldevicesinthetelecommunicationsandopticaldata-processingindustries.Researchstudentslearnsynthesisandpurificationtechniques,characterizationmethods,andhowtoformulatedexperimentaldesign.
