ASTRONOMY PART 4 Latitude, and Longitudehmxearthscience.com/Sammartano/Latitude Longitude Notes- Students.pdfEarth’s latitude system? 5 The diagram below shows a satellite in four

ASTRONOMY PART 4

Latitude, and Longitude

P.S./E. Sci.–Jan. ’06 [2]

Part A

Answer all questions in this part.

Directions (1–35): For each statement or question, write on your separate answer sheet the number of theword or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questionsmay require the use of the Earth Science Reference Tables.

1 Which event takes the most time?(1) one revolution of Earth around the Sun(2) one revolution of Venus around the Sun(3) one rotation of the Moon on its axis(4) one rotation of Venus on its axis

2 Compared to the Jovian planets in our solarsystem, Earth is (1) less dense and closer to the Sun(2) less dense and farther from the Sun(3) more dense and closer to the Sun(4) more dense and farther from the Sun

3 A Foucault pendulum appears to change itsdirection of swing due to the (1) tilt of Earth’s axis (2) spin of Earth on its axis (3) deflection of Earth’s planetary winds (4) movement of Earth in its orbit around the

Sun

4 The lines on which set of views best representEarth’s latitude system?

5 The diagram below shows a satellite in fourdifferent positions as it revolves around a planet.

Which graph best represents the changes in thissatellite’s orbital velocity as it revolves around theplanet?

A

B

C

Planet

(Not drawn to scale)

SatelliteD

Equatorialview

Polarview

Equatorialview

Polarview

Polarview

Equatorialview

Equatorialview

Polarview

( 1 ) ( 3 )

( 2 ) ( 4 )

A B C D

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity

Satellite Position( 3 )

A B C

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


D

A B C D

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


A B C D

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


Latitude Name

What It MeasuresMinimum ValueMaximum Value

Appearance

P.S./E. Sci.–Jan. ’06 [2]

Part A



1 Which event takes the most time?(1) one revolution of Earth around the Sun(2) one revolution of Venus around the Sun(3) one rotation of the Moon on its axis(4) one rotation of Venus on its axis

2 Compared to the Jovian planets in our solarsystem, Earth is (1) less dense and closer to the Sun(2) less dense and farther from the Sun(3) more dense and closer to the Sun(4) more dense and farther from the Sun

3 A Foucault pendulum appears to change itsdirection of swing due to the (1) tilt of Earth’s axis (2) spin of Earth on its axis (3) deflection of Earth’s planetary winds (4) movement of Earth in its orbit around the

Sun

4 The lines on which set of views best representEarth’s latitude system?

5 The diagram below shows a satellite in fourdifferent positions as it revolves around a planet.

Which graph best represents the changes in thissatellite’s orbital velocity as it revolves around theplanet?

A

B

C

Planet


SatelliteD

Equatorialview

Polarview

Equatorialview

Polarview

Polarview

Equatorialview

Equatorialview

Polarview

( 1 ) ( 3 )

( 2 ) ( 4 )

A B C D

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


A B C

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


D

A B C D

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


A B C D

Orb

ital V

eloc

ity


Longitude Name

What It Measures

Minimum Value

Maximum Value

Appearance

Precise Coordinates

elevation 175 m

LAKE

43°

79° 78° 77°

44°

76°

45°75° 74° 73°

45°

44°

43°

42°

73°72°

41°

73°40°30'

73°30'74°

41°

75°

76°77°78°79°42°

elevation 75 m

LAKE ONTARIO

JAMESTOWN

BUFFALO

ELMIRA

ITHACA

BINGHAMTONSLIDE MT.

KINGSTON

NEW YORKCITY

NIAGARA FALLS ROCHESTERSYRACUSE

UTICA

OSWEGO

OLD FORGE

VE

RM

ON

T

PLATTSBURGH

MT. MARCY

MASSENA

St. Lawre

nce Riv

er

Hud

son

Riv

er

MohawkRiver

River

Susquehanna

Delaw

areR

iverFINGER LAKES

CO

NN

ECTI

CU

T

NEW JERSEY

P E N N S Y L V A N I A

LA

KE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Miles

Kilometers

Gen

esee

R

iver

LONG ISLANDRIVERHEAD

Riv

er

Hu

dso

n

WATERTOWN

0 5040302010

0 80604020

MA

SS

AC

HU

SET

TS

41°

ALBANY

ERIE

LONG ISLAND SOUND

CH

AM

PL

AIN

Physical S

etting/Earth S

cience Reference Tables —

2011 Edition

3

modified fromGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM1989

Niagar

aR

iver

GEOLOGIC PERIODS AND ERAS IN NEW YORKCRETACEOUS and PLEISTOCENE (Epoch) weakly consolidated to unconsolidated gravels, sands, and claysLATE TRIASSIC and EARLY JURASSIC conglomerates, red sandstones, red shales, basalt, and diabase (Palisades sill)PENNSYLVANIAN and MISSISSIPPIAN conglomerates, sandstones, and shalesDEVONIAN limestones, shales, sandstones, and conglomeratesSILURIAN SILURIAN also contains salt, gypsum, and hematite.

ORDOVICIAN limestones, shales, sandstones, and dolostonesCAMBRIAN

CAMBRIAN and EARLY ORDOVICIAN sandstones and dolostones moderately to intensely metamorphosed east of the Hudson River

CAMBRIAN and ORDOVICIAN (undifferentiated) quartzites, dolostones, marbles, and schistsintensely metamorphosed; includes portions of the Taconic Sequence and Cortlandt Complex

TACONIC SEQUENCE sandstones, shales, and slatesslightly to intensely metamorphosed rocks of CAMBRIAN through MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ages

MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC gneisses, quartzites, and marblesLines are generalized structure trends.

MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC anorthositic rocks

}}

}

}}

Dominantlysedimentaryorigin

Dominantlymetamorphosedrocks

Intensely metamorphosed rocks(regional metamorphism about 1,000 m.y.a.)

N

S

W E0 20 40

0 20 40 60 80Kilometers

Miles10 30 50

Generalized Bedrock Geology of New York StatePg. 3 of the ESRT

Pg. 4 of the ESRT

Physical S

etting/Earth S


2011 Edition

4

Surface Ocean Currents

Pg. 5 of the ESRT

Physical S

etting/Earth S


2011 Edition

5

Peru-Chile

Trench

HawaiiHot Spot

San AndreasFault

Juan deFuca Plate

PhilippinePlate

Aleutian TrenchYellowstone

Hot Spot

North AmericanPlate

AfricanPlateCocos

PlateCaribbean

Plate

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Rid

ge

CanaryIslands

Hot Spot

SouthAmerican

Plate

GalapagosHot Spot

NazcaPlate

AntarcticPlate

Indian-AustralianPlate

PacificPlateFiji Plate

EastPa

cific

Ri d

ge

AntarcticPlate

Arabian

Plate

EurasianPlate

EurasianPlate

IcelandHot Spot

East

Afri

can

Rift

Mid-IndianR

idgeSoutheast Indian Ridge

Southwest Indian

RidgeScotiaPlate

SandwichPlate

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Rid

ge

Easter IslandHot Spot

St. HelenaHot Spot

BouvetHot Spot

Key

NOTE: Not all mantle hot spots, plates, andboundaries are shown.

Complex or uncertainplate boundary

Relative motion atplate boundary

Mantlehot spotDivergent plate boundary

(usually broken by transformfaults along mid-ocean ridges)

Convergent plate boundary(subduction zone)

subductingplate

overridingplate

Transform plate boundary(transform fault)

Tectonic Plates

TasmanHot Spot

M

aria

na

Tren

ch

Ton

gaT

ren

ch

Determining Your Latitude

Step #1

Step #2

Step #3

Note

Base your answers to questions 62 through 64 on diagram 1 below and on diagram 2 in your answer booklet,which show some constellations in the night sky viewed by a group of students. Diagram 1 below shows the posi-tions of the constellations at 9:00 p.m. Diagram 2 in your answer booklet shows their positions two hours later.

62 Circle Polaris on diagram 2 provided in your answer booklet. [1]

63 In which compass direction were the students facing? [1]

64 Describe the apparent direction of movement of the constellations Hercules andPerseus during the two hours between student observations. [1]

Diagram 1 — 9:00 p.m.

Big Dipper

Little Dipper

Hercules

Cepheus

Cassiopeia

Perseus

Cygnus

Draco

P.S./E. Sci.–June ’04 [18]

Polaris

1 Which statement correctly compares the size,composition, and density of Neptune to Earth?(1) Neptune is smaller, more gaseous, and less dense.(2) Neptune is larger, more gaseous, and less dense.(3) Neptune is smaller, more solid, and more dense.(4) Neptune is larger, more solid, and more dense.

2 A person in New York State worked outdoors insunlight for several hours on a day in July. Whichtype of clothing should the person have worn toabsorb the least electromagnetic radiation?(1) dark colored with a rough surface(2) dark colored with a smooth surface(3) light colored with a rough surface(4) light colored with a smooth surface

3 The diagram below shows an observer on Earthmeasuring the altitude of Polaris.

What is the latitude of this observer?(1) 43° N (3) 47° N(2) 43° S (4) 47° S

4 The diagram below represents Earth at a specificposition in its orbit as viewed from space. Theshaded area represents nighttime.

Which Earth latitude receives the greatest inten-sity of insolation when Earth is at the positionshown in the diagram?

(1) 0° (3) 66 ° N

(2) 23 ° N (4) 90° N

5 Surface ocean currents curve to the right in theNorthern Hemisphere because(1) the Moon spins on its axis(2) the Moon travels in an orbit around Earth(3) Earth spins on its axis(4) Earth travels in an orbit around the Sun

6 Which star color indicates the hottest star surfacetemperature?(1) blue (3) yellow(2) white (4) red

7 What is the dewpoint temperature when the dry-bulb temperature is 12°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 4°C?(1) –9°C (3) 8°C(2) 19°C (4) 4°C

12

12

23 o N

23 o S

Equator

66 o S

66 o N

Sun’srays

NorthPole

SouthPole

Horizon

43°

47°

PolarisZenith

P.S./E. Sci.–Aug. ’03 [2]

Part A



Latitude =

P.S./E. Sci.–June ’08 [4]

12 Diagram 1 shows the Moon in its orbit at four positions labeled A, B, C, and D. Diagram 2 shows a phaseof the Moon as viewed from New York State.

At which labeled Moon position would the phase of the Moon shown in diagram 2 beobserved from New York State?(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

13 The diagram below shows an observer measuring the altitude of Polaris.

What is the latitude of the observer?(1) 20° N (3) 70° N(2) 20° S (4) 70° S

Line of sight

Observer


AB

NorthPole


Diagram 1

Diagram 2

Earth

Sun’srays

DC

Latitude =

Part A



1 Evidence that the universe is expanding is bestprovided by the(1) red shift in the light from distant galaxies(2) change in the swing direction of a Foucault

pendulum on Earth(3) parallelism of Earth’s axis in orbit(4) spiral shape of the Milky Way Galaxy

2 Which object forms by the contraction of a largesphere of gases causing the nuclear fusion oflighter elements into heavier elements?(1) comet (3) star(2) planet (4) moon

3 In New York State, summer is warmer than winter because in summer New York State has(1) fewer hours of daylight and receives low-

angle insolation(2) fewer hours of daylight and receives high-

angle insolation(3) more hours of daylight and receives low-angle

insolation(4) more hours of daylight and receives high-

angle insolation

4 The diagram below shows an observer on Earthviewing the star Polaris.

What is this observer’s latitude?(1) 38° N (3) 52° N(2) 38° S (4) 52° S

5 The arrows in the diagram below represent themovement of water in the water cycle.

Which arrow represents the process of trans piration?(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

6 Which statement best describes the position ofthe Sun at sunrise and sunset as seen by anobserver in New York State on June 21?(1) The Sun rises north of due east and sets north

of due west.(2) The Sun rises south of due east and sets south

of due west.(3) The Sun rises north of due east and sets south

of due west.(4) The Sun rises south of due east and sets north

of due west.

7 On a cold winter day, the air temperature is 2°Cand the wet-bulb temperature is –1°C. What isthe relative humidity at this location?(1) 6% (3) 51%(2) 37% (4) 83%

A

CD

B

Polaris

HorizonAltitude

of 52°

P.S./E. Sci.–June ’09 [2]

Latitude =

P.S./E. Sci.–Aug. ’05 [2]

Part A



1 Compared to Earth’s solar system, the universe isinferred to be (1) younger and larger (3) older and larger(2) younger and smaller (4) older and smaller

2 Terrestrial planets move more rapidly in theirorbits than the Jovian planets because terrestrialplanets are(1) rotating on a tilted axis(2) more dense(3) more massive(4) closer to the Sun

3 Which event is a direct result of Earth’s revolu-tion?(1) the apparent deflection of winds (2) the changing of the Moon phases (3) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed

in the night sky(4) the daily rising and setting of the Sun

4 The cyclic rise and fall of ocean tides on Earth isprimarily caused by Earth’s rotation and the(1) temperature differences in ocean currents(2) revolution of Earth around the Sun(3) direction of Earth’s planetary winds(4) gravitational attraction of the Moon and the

Sun

5 The apparent change in direction of a swingingFoucault pendulum is the result of the (1) rotation of Earth(2) revolution of Earth(3) tilt of Earth’s axis(4) shape of Earth’s orbit

6 Which statement about Polaris is best illustratedby the diagrams shown below?

(1) Polaris is located in a winter constellation.(2) Polaris is located at the zenith at each location.(3) Polaris’ apparent movement through the sky

follows a south-to-north orientation.(4) Polaris’ altitude is equal to a location’s latitude.

At New Orleans, Louisiana

Polaris

30°

At North Pole

To Polaris

90°

Polaris

At EquatorLatitude =

P.S./E. Sci.–Aug. ’05 [2]

Part A








Sun






Polaris

30°

At North Pole

To Polaris

90°

Polaris

At Equator

Latitude =

P.S./E. Sci.–Aug. ’05 [2]

Part A








Sun






Polaris

30°

At North Pole

To Polaris

90°

Polaris

At Equator

Latitude =

Location Time AM or PM

ABCDEFG

Name:______________________________________________________ Date:_____ Period: _____ Name_________________________________________ Time Practice

View From North Pole-Telling Time on Planet Earth

A

F

D

C

B

G


A

B

C

D

E

F

G


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Complete the chart to determine Time

Starting Longitude and Time

Ending Longitude

What direction are you

traveling?

How much did Longitude

Change?

How many hours

difference?

How many time zones did you

cross?

What time is it at the ending longitude

90ºE at 3:00 pm 60ºE

105ºW at 12:00 pm 45ºW

75ºW at 9:00 am 15ºE

60ºE at 6:00 am 30ºW

Complete the time zones chart

Determining Your Longitude

Step #1

Step #2

Step #3

Note

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________

Practice with Time Zones

1. If it’s 10am at location A, what time is it at location E? ________________________________________

2. If it’s 2pm at location G, what time is it at location B? _________________________________________

3. If it’s 8pm at location H, what time is it at location C? _________________________________________

4. If it’s 7am at location F, what time is it at location D? __________________________________________

5. If it’s 9am at location A, and 10am where you are, what is your longitude? _______________________

6. If it’s 3pm at location G, and 6pm where you are, what is your longitude? ________________________

7. If it’s 12pm at location H, and 11am where you are, what is your longitude? ______________________

8. If it’s 6am at location F, and 3am where you are, what is your longitude? _________________________

9. If it’s noon where you are, and 4pm at the Prime Meridian, what is your longitude? ________________

10. If it’s noon where you are, and 7am at the Prime Meridian, what is your longitude? ________________

Name__________________________________ Latitude and Longitude

165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60

Key Ideas... ✓ 15 degrees of longitude is equal to one hour of time difference✓ As you go to the east, time does increase (it gets later)✓ As you go to the west, time becomes less (it gets earlier)

•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 10am at location A, what time is it at location E?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 2pm at location G, what time is it at location B?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 8pm at location H, what time is it at location C?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 7am at location F, what time is it at location D?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 9am at location A, and 10am where you are, what is your longitude?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 3pm at location G, and 6pm where you are, what is your longitude?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 12pm at location H, and 11am where you are, what is your longitude?

Name: _________________________________________________ Period: ________













165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

75

0

45

30

60

15

15

30

45

60


•A

•B

•C

•D

•E•F

•G

•H

If it’s 6am at location F, and 3am where you are, what is your longitude?

Documents

ASTRONOMY PART 4 Latitude, and Longitudehmxearthscience.com/Sammartano/Latitude Longitude Notes- Students.pdfEarth’s latitude system? 5 The diagram below shows a satellite in four